Philippine-American War (Second Sun)

The Philippine-American War was an armed conflict between the First Philippine Republic and the United States that lasted from February 4, 1899 to April 5, 1901. The war was a continuation of the Philippine struggle for independence that began in 1896 with the Philippine Revolution. The conflict arose when the First Philippine Republic objected to the terms of the Treaty of Paris under which the United States took possession of the Philippines from Spain, ending the Spanish–American War.

Fighting erupted between forces of the United States and those of the Philippine Republic on February 4, 1899, in what became known as the Second Battle of Manila. On June 2, 1899, the First Philippine Republic officially declared war against the United States. The war officially ended on April 5, 1901, with William Jennings Bryan issuing the surrender of the United States.

Background
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Outbreak of war
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Assassination of Antonio Luna
On 2 June 1899, Luna received two telegrams – one asked for help in launching a counterattack in San Fernando, Pampanga; and the other said to be signed by Aguinaldo himself, ordered him to go to the new capital at Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija to form a new cabinet. Antonio Luna chose to respond to the former, knowing that the latter telegram is an assassination attempt.

The Philippine Counterattack
By November 1899, the Filipinos were able to repel the Americans well enough, capturing various cities across the islands, and a furious McKinley wanted the surrender of the Philippine Republic. He commanded the American troops to hold Albay at all costs. This led to the Battle of Albay (December 2, 1899 - December 8, 1899), which led to an American victory. However, further attempts at retaking territories failed when the Philippines started receiving more modern equipment from Sun Yat-sen, a Chinese politician looking to overthrow the Qing Dynasty. Aguinaldo learned of Sun Yat-sen's aid and began relations with him.

United States Election of 1900
On November 6th, 1900, the 29th presidential elections of the United States was held between the incumbent McKinley and the anti-imperialist William Jennings Bryan. With casualties in the Philippines growing, people were looking for a quick way to end the war to stop the casualties from increasing even more. Due to this, the election went to favor of the Democratic William Jennings Bryan, who was inaugurated on March the next year.

Treaty of New York (1901)
Immediately after the inauguration of William Jennings Bryan, he began to call for peace and give the Filipinos their independence. On April 5, 1901, leaders of the Philippine Republic and the United States government met up in New York to sign the peace treaty, with the United States officially recognizing the independence of the Philippines. Bryan agreed to help the Philippines with their new independent government and create diplomatic ties between the two countries.

Aftermath
The victory of the Philippine Republic caused the United States' influence in the Pacific and its economy to go down, and the long-desired independence of the Philippines.

The Philippine government also improved its relations with Sun Yat-sen and the Tongmenghui, and an alliance between the two was created to overthrow the Qing Dynasty following the war.