Hungary (Orbis)

The Federal Republic of Hungary, also known as the Fedrasvial Repulik de Hungaria in Hungarian or simply Hungary, is a federal presidential constitutional republic located in Eastern Europe. It is the second largest country in Europe behind Russia, covering an area of 1,064,205 km2.

As of 2017, the total population of Hungary is at 98 million, giving it an average 68 people per sq kilometers.

National Flag
https://vignette4.wikia.nocookie.net/althistory/images/5/59/Latest%3Fcb%3D20170708030244.png/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/212?cb=20170708031125

The national flag of Hungary is called the Hungarian Democratic National Flag. According to the Hungarian government, the black and white colors on the flag represent liberty and democracy while the eagle on the flag represents both strength and union of people of Hungary. The flag has been officially used by the government as the national flag of Hungary. Originally, there was a Swastika symbol that appears in the middle of the eagle on the flag. However, after the end of WW2, the Hungarian government removed the symbol from the flag to avoid Nazism.

Government and politics
The government of Hungary is a constitutional republic and representative democracy. The government is regulated by a system of checks and balance defined by the constitution. The head of the state is called the president. While being the head of the state or the president, the power of the president is limited thanks to the constitution and there is no way that a president could become a dictator.

The time of someone serving as the president of the country are also limited. For example, candidate who are elected can only serve as the president for 4 years in a term. If he or she won another election, then they could run for president for the second term. And after that, they could not serve as a president for the third term, but they still could return to politics. The president could also be impeached by the citizens of Hungary if he or she committed a crime such as corruption. After being impeached, they could be ousted from the office and their position will be replaced by the vice president, just like how they did when the president dies. After being ousted from the office, the former president will be put up on trial, and when found guilty, he or she would be sentenced to jail. This is done so to prevent the president from becoming a dictator or causing corruption. Before the Hungarian Female Civil Rights Movement in 1889, the government only allowed male citizens to participate in elections, enter the politics or becoming the president. After the event, the government rewrote the Constitution of Civil Rights, granting female citizens to participate in elections, or entering the politics or becoming the president of Hungary. The first female politician to ever become the president of Hungary was Shelley Langermann, who was elected in 1947 and took office in 1948.

Apart from that, the government granted the citizens the right of free press, free speech and so on. They could also be criticized or insulted by the citizens, too. They also allowed more than one political party to exist. And the leaders or members of the party are also granted the rights to free speech or talking about the government of Hungary, whether it's a positive or negative things. Protest are also allowed by the government, but they forbid the protest from getting violent. If the protest become violent, the police or the military troops would be sent to the area that has an ongoing protest and arrest any protesters partaking in the activity.

The government also outlawed capital punishment, such as the death penalty in 1932. And people who committed heinous crimes are sentenced to prison for the rest of their lives and forced to do hard labor every Friday and Saturday. This actually improved the economy slightly. Each Hungarian states are also governed by a governor. Like the president, the governors of state are elected every 4 years by the Hungarian citizens.

Military
"The Hungarian military is like a pride of lions. The soldiers are quick, precise, and aggressive. You sure don't want to underestimate them."

The military of Federal Republic of Hungary is called the Hungarian Armed Forces. They consist of three branches, which are Hungarian Ground Forces, the Hungarian Air Forces and the Hungarian Naval Forces. The military of Hungary is ranked in Top 4 in the Global Military Power, behind the Republic of China, the Russian Federation and the United States of America. The military has 1.6 million active personnel and 1.5 million active personnel. The military budget is 112 billion US dollars, which is less than 2% of its total GDP. The air forces of Hungary is ranked Top 5, the ground forces is ranked Top 3 and the naval forces is ranked Top 5 in the Global Military Power. Previously, every citizens reaching military age of 18 are required to serve in the military for 2 years. However, the military conscription was ended by President Nicholas in 1956. Despite this, however, the military personnel actually increases from total 2.8 million to 3.1 million in just two years after he had ended the military conscription, and the effect stays the same to this day. The salary of regular personnel are 3,450 US dollars a month, according the the Hungarian Minister of Defense, Rudolph Mandela in 2013.

During the Second World War, the military of Hungary was also stronger and better than Nazi Germany's military due to the fact that they were larger in numbers despite having slightly poorer military technologies and equipment than the Nazi. The is evident by the fact that Hitler launched a invasion on Dukes, a state of Hungary situated on the Northwestern parts of the country. However, in a mere 24 hours, Hitler's invading troops were all killed by the defending armies of Hungary that were protecting the western borders of the state. This failure invasion led to Hitler to sign a peace treaty with President Jordan in 1943.

Geography
https://i.gyazo.com/2efeb18a77ee064627e6f6f67d0857f5.png

This is the map of the whole country of Hungary. It spans an estimated 1,064,205 sq. kilometers. It is the second largest country in Europe behind Russia. It has a population of 98,077,121, which gives it an average of 68 people per sq. km.

https://i.gyazo.com/5cf3bf9dc6fd50c5646d4149665725a3.png

This picture shows the states of Hungary. Each states are governed by a person called the 'governor' who are elected by the Hungarian citizens including the minority groups for every 4 years. The governor are the ones who hold the position lower than the head of state or the president to govern a state. The capital city of Hungary which is Liberty of Harold are located in the center of the Romania. Austria has the highest GDP per capita in the whole country, which has the average GDP per capita of 81,223 US dollars whereas Bosnia has the lowest GDP per capita in the whole country, at about 41,588 US dollars per capita.

Economy
The economy of Hungary is pretty impressive. Most of its industries are construction, machinery, vehicles and parts, food, metals, chemicals, lumber and wood processing, paper and paperboard, communications equipment, tourism, and technology. The success of the economy was due to the government so heavily invested in science and technology, as well as education. According to UN reports, the Hungarian government spends 5 times more money on these than the military. Average annual growth are 5.2%. According the UN report, only 1.3% are living in poverty while less than 1% are unemployed. The inflation of Hungary are 1.7%. Furthermore, the national debt rate is among one of the lowest in the world, with a total debt of 9 billion US dollars and public debt accounts for 0.8% for the GDP.

Apart from that, capitalism also plays a huge part in the success of the Hungarian economy. According to UN report, only 3% are state-owned enterprise while 20% are government-owned. The rest are private-owned properties or businesses. Black market in the country is also almost non-existent, which only makes up of 0.6% of its GDP. The agricultural sector only makes up of 6% of the total GDP.

History
Pre-democracy era

Before the Federal Republic of Hungary came into existent, the whole lands of Hungary was controlled by the German Empire. After the American Revolution had ended, on which the American had overthrown the British powers from their lands, many citizens took inspiration from George Washington and started to get organized and revolted against the German Empire just 2 months after the revolution. This caused the October Revolution in 1776.

King Edward III, who was the king of Great Britain, met with the leader of the rebellion, Alberto Landia and agreed to aid the rebels in order to help the rebels to overthrow the German Empire as a revenge for attacking their navies on English Channel. 2 years later, the emperor of the German Empire gave up on the Hungarian lands and signed a peace treaty with the leader of rebels, granting them the independence and resulting the empire into losing a significant portions of lands in Eastern Europe.

Establishment of Democracy in Hungary
After the German Empire granted independence for the lands, the revolutionary party established the nation of Federal Republic of Hungary with Alberto Landia being the first ever president of Hungary. He had successfully established democracy in the nation and followed suit of George Washington. This angered the king of Britain. He then began to influence the language and the culture of Hungary but allowed the Hungarian to be independent, at least to significant degrees. This resulted in the language of Germany in Hungary being mixed with English, forming the modern-day of Hungarian language. President Landia then reorganized his revolutionary party and creating the Democratic Party of Hungary as the ruling party of Hungary. He passed many laws and constitutions as well as allowing free speech and free press to his people. He even permitted other political parties to exist and even allowed them to challenge the Democratic Party.

In his first year of presidency, he rapidly industrialized the country as well as improving the living standard of his people. The economy quickly recovered and he managed to significantly reduced the dependent of agriculture. In his first year of presidency, all businesses except for housing were owned by the government in order to quickly recover the economy. In his second years as the president, he finally allowed all properties to be owned by his citizens as well as fully pursuing capitalistic methods to improve his nation's economy. This worked really well and the economy continued to grow significantly along with the citizen's income and their living standards. The success of its economy eventually attracted both the Ottoman Empire and Russian Empire to annex it. Hence, in the turn of 1781, the nation had been attacked by these empires. In response, the British Empire stationed 100,000 troops to protect the nation against these attackers.

This started the Hungarian War in 1781. In 1782, the country's still being attacked by the empires. This later prompted both German Empire and the United States to station their troops on the nation and defend it against both Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire. In 1783, the war had ended, the Treaty of London was then signed between the emperor of Russia, Germany, king of Ottoman Empire, president of the US and the king of British Empire. As a result, Hungary gained the modern-day state of Romania and Greece from the Ottoman. Relationship with Germany had also improved as the German Empire had help to protect Hungary.

In 1782, President Landia served as the president for the second term. He then passed a constitution, which created the Hungarian Armed Forces. Shortly after, the total military personnel increased to 1.4 million. In 1799, the world's first ever telephone was invented by a local Hungarian named Alexander Lincoln. In 1834, the first ever motor vehicle was created by two brothers of Hungary named Joseph Rudolph and James Rudolph. In 1867, the first ever manned airplane was invented by a group of five Hungarian scientists and engineers. These amazing inventions effectively improved human's technology and their living. These inventions were then later weaponized by the Hungarian military and other nations' military. In 1889, the Female Civil Rights Movement had begun, with many female citizens protesting on the streets on every cities in order to make the government to grant them the rights to participate in politics such as voting and et cetera. The leader of the Feminist Party, Theresa Merkella, led the group to protest on the streets. Just a few months later, the government rewrote the constitution, granting them the rights to participate or enter the politics. Female citizens were also granted the rights to join the military.

In 1914, the First World War had begun. The president of Hungary ordered the Hungarian military to fortify all of its borders. A year later, the entire Hungarian borders had been completely fortified. At the same time, the Russian Empire attempted to attack the Hungarian northeastern borders but failed to do so. In 1916, the country finally declared war on the Ottoman Empire. In 24th May 1916, around 200,000 Hungarian troops landed on Egypt and attacked the Ottoman soldiers on the territory. After liberating several cities in Egypt, they joined the British Empire and the rebels against the Ottoman Empire. However, the president of Hungary still refused to join both the Allies and the Central Powers and claimed that the country was on its own. In 1917, Hungary managed to liberate Egypt, Yemen and Syria from the Ottoman and had many rebels to join its side against the Turks. In 12th April 1917, the Hungarian military launched a full-scale offensive on Istanbul. The government sent 200,000 troops to Istanbul to battle against 50,000 Ottoman soldiers in the city. 2 days later, they managed to occupy the city but lost 50,000 soldiers. On 3rd July 1917, a million Ottoman soldiers launched an offensive against the Hungarian soldiers in Istanbul, this time being equipped with much advanced military equipment and weaponry. Several hours later, the Ottoman effectively took over Istanbul and advanced toward the Hungarian territory. However, their advance were halted shortly afterward when the rebels were attacking the Ottoman Empire's city of Mardin.

In 29th August 1917, the king of Ottoman Empire signed a peace treaty with Hungary, ending the Ottoman-Hungarian War and the empire finally exited the Central Powers. Shortly after, the Ottoman Empire was dissolved after a large chunks of their territories were liberated, forming the Republic of Turkey while the First World War was still ongoing.

In 4th of July, 1918. the First World War was over with the Allies being the victorious. The German Empire collapsed while Russia was still in a state of civil war. In 12th July, 1918, the Hungarian government began sending troops to help the so-called 'Blue Party' against both Russian Empire and the Bolsheviks Party. In 1920, the Russian Revolution ended with the Blue Party being the victorious. After that, the monarchy of Russia was overthrown while many Bolsheviks Party members were imprisoned or executed. The Blue Party then established the 'Russian Federation' and took over the government, reorganizing itself into the 'Russian Democratic Party'. The Hungarian government began sending aids to Russia for rebuild. Few years later, Russia became a progressive democratic country and all Russians now lived in a prosperous lives thanks to the aid of Hungary. In return, the democratic government of Russia helped Hungary to build some airports and railroads in the country. All of them finished construction on May 1924.

In 1926, the Hungarian government finished the construction of a new modern skyscraper named the Alloha Tower. It stood at 223 meters tall and became the world's tallest building for few decades. It was then used by many entrepreneurs for businesses and stock markets. Several floors were also used for science and technology too. In 1929, the economy of Hungary boomed, resulting in many new buildings being built throughout the country. In 1930, the Dukes Tower were constructed in the city of Georgia, and managed to overtake the Alloha Tower as the world's tallest building, standing at 578 meters tall. It was then bought by the SunTec Company and the building was then used as a hotel and a shopping mall.

In 1931, Hungary began aiding Germany by giving them free money in order to help pay their war reparation. However, the Hungarian government stopped giving Germany money in 1934 after Hitler became the chancellor of Germany and converted it into Nazi Germany. They also strictly enforced their borders with Germany as well as building more defensive lines on the borders to protect themselves against any future aggression from the Nazi Germany.