Roman Empire (Superpowers)

The Roman Empire (commonly referred to as Rome or in Latin, the Imperium Romanum) is the largest country in mainland Europe, Africa and Oceania as well as the oldest surviving nation on Earth. It owns territories in North and East Africa, Europe, India, Oceania, and the East coasts of North and South America, earning it the title of a Global Nation. The Roman Empire holds land or close maritime borders with every recognized nations on Earth, and its grip on world affairs stretches even beyond those borders.

Founded as a kingdom in 753 BCE along the Tiber River, the nation eventually became a republic when the Etruscan Kings were overthrown in 509 BCE. Though the republic saw many periods of unrest and dictatorial rule, it was able to maintain its core principles up until the Great Civil War from 49-45 BCE. Following several more decades of upheaval, which did not end until 27 BCE, the nation was reborn like a phoenix from its ashes into a true Empire.

Throughout over two millennia of imperial rule Rome has fought many wars, both internal and external, and even managed to win all three World Wars. The Empire's armies have proven incredibly disciplined and throughout this time have never conclusively lost a single war, other than those which were fought internally. There have only been two of these periods of full scale civil war, first from 68-69 and then much later from 1012-1066. This Second Civil War ended when Pope Aegranus I asked the Christians of the Empire to proclaim him emperor, thereby uniting the positions of Emperor and Pope. As the emperor now had both religious and civil authority to rule, his power has been secured for many millennia to come.

Never before in history has there been a nation like the modern Roman Empire. Currently, the Roman grip on the land, in the air and in outer space is unmatched by any other country on Earth. In 1837, the Emperor Alexander XIV said "I am called the most powerful monarch in the world. The sun in my dominions never sets."

Geography and Climate
The land area of the Roman Empire is approximately 47,600,000 square kilometers in size, of which 26,490,000 km2 consists of the contiguous Roman European and African provinces, linked by a strip of land in Arabia. In the new world, Rome owns approximately, 9,330,000 square kilometers of territory, mostly covering the continent of South Columbia. Spinning the globe even further, there are the Pacific Island territories of the Empire, constituting about 7,880,000 km2. Finally, Roman India is 3,850,000 km2, consisting of both the Hindu and Islamic halves of the subcontinent.

Given that the Empire covers over 30% of the planet's land-masses, the variety in both terrain, flora and fauna is incredible. For animal and plant life, there are three main areas of interest in the Empire, located in completely separate areas of the planet. Furthermore, there are three areas of geographical importance, representing uniquely impressive examples of the planet's extremes.

Of the former, the first case is the island of Mahagascar, an area which contains thousands of species of plants and animals not found anywhere else on the planet. Of his flora, 90% are uniquely native to the large island, making it an area of intense interest to the Inca, who believe that a wealth of medical substances might exist there. However, due to the human presence on the island, limited as it may be by provincial laws, only 45% of the original vegetation remains, whilst almost 70% of its forests have been cut down.

The next area of importance is the Great Columbian Rainforest in South Columbia. Although only 60% of the rainforest is in Roman territory, the diversity of wildlife in those 3.3 million square kilometers is awe inspiring. One in five of all bird species live in the Amazon, whilst some 3,000 species of fish and 2.5 million species of insect have been identified. Furthermore, nearly 50,000 species of plants have been, and are being identified by Roman ecologists. Nevertheless, much like Mahagascar, the rainforest has experienced a great deal of deforestation over the centuries. About 190,000 square kilometers of forest, greater than the total surface area of the Greek provinces, has been completely cleared by Roman colonists in order to make room for agriculture.

The final region of ecological importance is Australis, or more specifically, the sea around it. Though, about 80% of the species on the mainland are endemic to the island itself, and about 800 species of lizard, more than anywhere in the world, exist there. Most important of the oceanic ecosystems, is a 2,000 kilometer long stretch of aquatic organisms called the Claustrum Cotes Magnum, or Great Barrier Reef. Consisting of billions of tiny organisms known as coral polyps, the reef belt is the only non-floral organism visible from outer space. Unlike the forest ecosystems above, the Great Barrier Reef is far from being threatened by human presence. Due to the attachment to aesthetic beauty that most Romans consider to be an inherent trait of theirs, the imperial government has made every attempt to grow and nurture this and many other coral habitats.

The first of the special geographic areas is the Himalayan Mountain range at the north-eastern edge of Roman India. Not only does it contain the highest mountain in the world, Mount Alexander (named after the ruling dynasty at the time of its discovery), but the range has over one hundred peaks that are more than 7,000 meters in height. Most importantly, the drainage basins of the mountain range cover a huge portion of the Asian continent, giving home to over 3 billion people, or close to a third of the world's population.

Next is the Mediterranean Basin, known to the Romans as the Mare Nostrum, reflecting their total ownership of that body of water. Although for one and a half thousand years it remained the largest body of water completely enclosed by one nation, in the twentieth century it became the single largest lake in the world when a Roman terraforming project put into action by Emperor John completely separated the Mediterranean from the Atlantic through a massive damming project. Though the actual state of the sea has not changed substantially after the construction project, its nature as a "lake" makes it one of the most impressive regions in the world, even more so as it has not occurred naturally.

Government and politics


MAIN ARTICLE

The Roman Empire is a theocratic constitutional monarchy ruled by the Caesar (Emperor) under his powers of Auctoritas (honor and respect), Imperium (power to rule and direct) and the jure divino of the Papacy (commanded by God). Since the reformation of 1066, the Roman Emperor acts directly as God's representative on Earth, but is unable to issue new religious Dogma. The Caesar acts as Head of State of the Roman people and has the executive power to enact legislation passed by both Houses of the Senate. Other political powers inherent to the position of Caesar are Veto, to block legislation; Abnustas, to prevent the Veto of a tribune; Recogite, to bring old legislation back to be voted on again and Tacite, to be allowed an uninterrupted speech before the Senate. Additionally, the Emperor is officially the highest commanding officer in the Roman Armed Forces, can both appoint and disband Ministers and is traditionally able to circumvent the normal laws of court to either prosecute or acquit any person he chooses. Some abilities that he possesses by tradition alone, meaning no one is legally required to follow them but usually will out of respect, are: authority over the people, obliging them to follow his orders; representation of the Empire abroad; control over the treasury and right to call or disband the Senate.

Although the Roman Empire is in many senses an autocracy it has its own Constitution of 32 Proclamations and has a bicameral (two house) legislative body known traditionally as the Imperial Senate. The Lower House is legally the Discateria Imperia (Imperial Bureau) but tradition also dictates that it is called simply the Senate in most circles. Members of the Senate are called Senatores (legally Consuae) and are the sole holders of the ability to raise or lower taxes by consensus. When any piece of legislation is brought before the Senate, which it must be, a majority of 50% has to be attained in order for it to be passed. Tradition also holds that if a noticeable part of the Senate is strongly opposed to a bill then it will be put on hold and discussed over the next few days. The only other type of bill that may itself originate in the Senate are public funding bills, but for anything to even be brought up, one Senator must propose it for discussion and at least one other Senator must second this proposal.

The Upper House of the Roman legislature is the Consular Congress (Comitium Consularum), a body which traces its origins to the Second Republican period of Roman history. A member of Congress is called a Consul, which whilst different from those of the First Republic, are still very powerful men of the state. Consuls are the administrators for the highest division of the Roman Empire, known as the Foederatae, which are roughly equivalent to distinct cultural regions. The power of Congress lies in its ability to create major legislation, which no other body can do, and the power wielded by each individual member over their respective Foederata.

The first upper position in these houses is the Consul Italii, Consul of Rome and Italy and the only one next to the Caesar who is able to call a session of Congress. He is elected to his position by popular vote of the inhabitants of the city of Rome in the Basilica of Mary (which sits on the former Field of Mars). The highest position in the Senate is the Princeps Senatus, which has evolved from a completely honorary position to one of the most important positions of the entire legislative government. The Princeps is elected by popular vote of the Senate in July and begins his one-year term on New Years Day of the following year. When in power he is able to call a session of the Senate, cancel the weekly session on Sundays, sway a vote (both legally and by his support) and acting as deputy-regent in the complete absence of the Emperor (whilst the Con. It. would cover the Caesar's representative duties). Tradition, always important in Roman politics, dictates the Princeps performs the act of passing bills and declaring the Senate's final legislative position and holds the power of Tacite. When the Princeps' term is up, he must wait exactly five years before he is able to run again (a term known as a Lustrum).

Members
There are exactly 2,000 Senatores (disc. Princeps) in the Lower House and 40 Consuls (inc. Con. It.) in the Upper House. A Senator is always elected by popular assembly of his respective Regio, the smallest administrative division which usually consists of around 900,000 citizens, for terms of 5 years. The people are however very limited in their election choices as it is required for a running Senator to be approved by his resident Praetor, who can accept anyone he wishes, only that 2 people must always be allowed to run. The appointment of Consuls is almost the exact opposite. The Emperor selects each Consul himself from the available candidates that are approved by a majority in a popular assembly of the Foederata's legal capital. Only the Consul Italii must be the actual winner of the popular assembly to get his position.

Aside from the above mentioned positions, the Roman government holds countless others. Foremost there are the Ministers (Praeministra), who are 100 members of government that each administer a separate function of the government, such as the treasury and technological development. Depending on the Minister in question, there can be anywhere from none to several thousand people working under them in the same Ministry (Ministerium). Above the Minister of Finance is the Mensarius Superbus (Highest Banker/Treasury Official), who works out of the city of Constantinopolis. He has 10 officers of his own called Quaestores, who are charged with collecting taxes from the provincial Praetors, calling out any financial corruption and acting as the right hand men and messengers of the Mensarius.

The other important government positions are the Censors, 18 members of the Ministry of the Census, usually electing one of their own as "Representative Censor" to act as their Minister in the Senate. The Censors are charged with maintaining public morality, protecting the Constitution and administering the official Public Census every Lustrum. Their power to issue a public inquiry into literally anything is unmatched anywhere in the entire system of the Empire, and only the Emperor has marginal immunity to their power (in that he can simply turn an inquiry into a court case).

Provincial Administration
Between the Foederatae and the Regios are the Provinciae (Provinces), which are traditionally the most distinctive division of the country. Each Provincia is controlled by an appointed Praetor (Governor), except the case of Judaea where their Consul is also their Praetor. Under normal circumstances, any available, or soon to be available Praetorian positions are brought before the Senate where in August, votes are made to fill all available positions with a member of the Patrician class in Italy or Rome. Literally any Patrician can run for this office, with the stipulation that they have to give up their current government position and leave for their province no more than two months after their election (only the Princeps cannot run). The general idea of the Praetorian system is to have a Roman acting as governor of every province (though again there are exceptions). At any other time though, unless Vetoed by the Tribune, the Emperor is able to kick-out any reigning Praetor and replace him with a man of his own choosing. Such is the politics of the Roman Empire.

Finally, cities have their own administration that is completely separate from all these other divisions. A Praefectus Urbi (City Prefect, kind of like a mayor) is elected every other year by popular assembly of the residents (not just citizens) of the city. This is one of the only major government positions, other than the Tribune, that can be held by someone who is not of the Patrician order. Needless to say, the Romans love their elections. They're always a major source of drama that often entertains and are almost as popular amongst the people as events involving celebrities are OTL. The most important fact about the elections is that they give the Roman people as sense of power and involved in their government, somewhat in line with the Greek idea of the power of Demos.

Emperors
Caesarean Dynasty


 * Emperor AugustusEmperor Augustus (Gaius Octavian Thurinus) : 27 BC-14 AD
 * Emperor Tiberius I (Tiberius Claudius Nero) : 14-37
 * Emperor Caligula (Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus) : 37-41
 * Emperor Claudius I (Tiberius Claudius Drusus) : 41-54
 * Emperor Nero (Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus) : 54-68

Year of the Four Emperors


 * Emperor Galba (Servius Supulcius Galba) : 68
 * Emperor Otho (Marcus Salvius Otho) : 69
 * Emperor Vitellius (Aulus Vitellius Germanicus) : 69

Flavian Dynasty


 * Emperor Vespasian (Titus Flavius Vespasianus) : 69-79
 * Emperor Titus I (Titus Flavius Vespasianus) : 79-81
 * Emperor Domitian (Titus Flavius Domitianus) : 81-96

Nervan Dynasty


 * Emperor Nerva (Marcus Cocceius Nerva) : 96-98

The Ten Good Emperors
 * Emperor Trajan (Marcus Ulpius Traianus) : 98-117
 * Emperor Hadrian (Publius Aelius Hadrianus) : 117-138
 * Emperor Antoninus Pius (Titus Aelius Caesar Antoninus) : 138-161
 * Emperor Marcus Aurelius (Marcus Aurelius (Superpowers)) : 161-180
 * Emperor Sulla I (Gaius Corellus Sulla) : 180-228
 * Emperor Marcus I (Gaius Marcus Sulla) : 228-272
 * Emperor Benedictus (Lucius Corellus Benecdictus) : 272-324
 * Emperor Constantine the Great (Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus) : 324-339
 * Emperor Agricola (Gnaeus Aurelius Agricola) : 339-360
 * Emperor Sapiens (Gnaeus Aurelius Sapiens) : 360-395

Sapien Dynasty


 * Emperor Aurelius I (Marcus Aurelius Sapiens) : 395-402
 * Emperor Senexis (Gaius Aurelius Sapiens) : 402-408
 * Emperor Maximius I (Gaius Maximius Sapiens) : 408-417
 * Emperor Antonius (Publius Antonius Sapiens) : 417-431
 * Emperor Scipio I (Gaius Scipio Sapiens) : 431-448
 * Emperor Romulus Augustus (Marcus Romulus Augustus Sapiens) : 448-452

Draconian Dynasty


 * Emperor Draco (Gaius Julius Draconius) : 452-485
 * Emperor Avitus (Gaius Avitus Draconius) : 485-494
 * Emperor Periclius (Lucius Periclius Draconius) : 494-507
 * Emperor Scipio II (Lucius Scipio Derius) : 507-528
 * Emperor Validian (Marcus Scipio Validianus) : 528-537

Comptian Dynasty


 * Emperor Comptus I (Gnaeus Fablius Comptus) : 537-582
 * Emperor Constantine II (Gnaeus Constantinus Comptus) : 582-595

Phillipian Dynasty


 * Emperor Phillipius the Jew (Lucius Votus Phillipus) : 595-604
 * Emperor Tiberius II (Tiberius Graecus Phillipus) : 604
 * Emperor Tiberius III (Tiberius Magnus Votus) : 604-642

Constantian Dynasty


 * Emperor Constans I (Gnaeus Augustus Constans) : 642-689
 * Emperor Constans II (Lucius Valerius Constans) : 689-700
 * Emperor Constans III (Gaius Valerius Constans) : 700-727
 * Emperor Constans IV (Gaius Julius Constans) : 727-730

Peritan Dynasty

-Imperial Schism- Moratian Dynasty (Brittania)
 * Emperor Perita (Lucius Perita Dorius) : 730-762
 * Emperor Valens (Titus Valens Perita) : 762-801
 * Emperor Cassius (Gaius Cassius Pellitus) : 801-837
 * Emperor Titus II (Titus Cassius Nasica) : 837-855
 * Emperor Calvin (Titus Aelius Calvinus) : 855-876
 * Emperor Aulus (Aulus Furius Calvinus) : 876-892
 * Emperor Brutus (Servius Brutus Corruptus) : 892-951
 * Emperor Claudius II (Publius Claudius Moratius) : 951-986
 * Emperor Claudius III (Publius Claudius Liberalis) : 986-988
 * Emperor Norban (Aulus Claudius Norbanus) : 988-1005
 * Emperor Julianus I (Gaius Julianus Flaminius) : 1005-1012
 * Emperor Pellatius I (Sextus Pellatius Flaminius) : 1012-1034
 * Emperor Marius (Lucius Marius Flaminius) : 1034-1051
 * Emperor Pellatius II (Gaius Pellatius Flaminius) : 1051-1066


 * General Moratius the Elder (Gnaeus Moratius Brutus): 1006-1032
 * General Moratius the Younger (Gnaeus Moratius Brutus) : 1032-1066

Aegranian Dynasty


 * Emperor Aegranus (Manius Aegranus Votus) : 1066-1076
 * Emperor Columbus (Kaeso Aegranus Columbus) : 1076-1139
 * Emperor Magnus I (Tertius Aegranus Magnus) : 1139-1175
 * Emperor Sextius Severus (Sextius Severus Curia) : 1175-1195
 * Emperor Magnus II (Amulius Magnus Plutarcus) : 1195-1247
 * Emperor Magnus III (Aulus Magnus Varus) : 1247-1262
 * Emperor Rufus (Publius Septimius Rufus) : 1262-1276
 * Emperor Varro (Gaius Valerius Varro) : 1276-1295
 * Emperor Calva (Gaius Julianus Calva) : 1295-1301
 * Emperor Julius (Gnaeus Julianus Calva) : 1301-1321
 * Emperor Ferrarus (Amulius Julianus Ferrarus) : 1321-1348
 * Emperor Ursinius (Titus Galius Ursinius) : 1348-1361
 * Emperor Valerius (Quintus Valerius Eccus) : 1361-1372

Alexandrian Dynasty


 * Emperor Alexander I (Faustus Galerius Pertinax) : 1372-1395
 * Emperor Alexander II (Titus Pertinax Alexander) : 1395-1462
 * Emperor Alexander III (Aulus Gabinius Alexander) : 1462-1487
 * Emperor Alexander IV (Gaius Cardassus Alexander) : 1487-1512
 * Emperor Alexander V (Gaius Cassius Alexander) :1512-1548
 * Emperor Alexander VI (Marcus Sextus Alexander) :1548-1583
 * Emperor Alexander VII (Septimius Junius Alexander) : 1583-1601
 * Emperor Alexander VIII (Gnaeus Junius Alexander) : 1601-1634
 * Emperor Alexander IX (Lucius Placidus Alexander) : 1634-1689
 * Emperor Alexander X (Tiberius Gaullus Alexander) : 1689-1721
 * Emperor Alexander XI (Titus Corvus Alexander) : 1721-1753
 * Emperor Alexander XII (Sextus Corvus Alexander) : 1753-1784
 * Emperor Alexander XIII (Marcus Hosidius Alexander) : 1784-1804
 * Emperor Alexander XIV (Tiberius Bracchus Alexander) : 1804-1885

Pons Dynasty


 * Emperor Pontifex (Pakus Martinex Rullianus Juvenis) : 1885-1914
 * Emperor Sulla II (Marcus Galerius Juvenis) : 1914-1950
 * Emperor Lucius (Lucius Halerius Novitas) : 1950-1967
 * Emperor Raphael (Tiberius Calva Mirifico ) : 1967-1985
 * Emperor John (Vibius Aemillius Optatus) :1985-

Provinces
With such a large area under the Emperor's control, administrative divisions have always existed to facilitate the overall functioning of the Empire. The second largest of these divisions are the provinces. Each province is led by a Viceroy who is chosen directly by the Emperor to act as his representative and governor. Whomsoever is chosen will keep their position until: their death, the death of the current Emperor or until they fall out of the Emperor's favor, things which happen more frequently than some might like. This differs from the old practice of simply placing a high-ranking senator at each province's head, and is a change implemented following the taking of power by Pope Aegranus after the Second Imperial Civil War. Above the provincial divisions are the Foederatae, not to be confused with the Foederati. Each of the 40 Foederatae are led by a Consul, which are upper level administrators who are members of the legislative Consular Congress in Rome.

The provinces themselves are divided into several Regionis, where each Regio hosts approximately 900,000 citizens. When this division was added by Emperor Aegranus, it was decided that each Senator gets the administrative responsibilities of one Regio and that they are elected and become representative of that Regio in the Imperial Senate. This was seen as sort of a comprise state between the old Imperial and Proconsular Provincial system. Though many rich individuals were kicked out of the Senate to make these changes, the formation of numerous government Ministries gave them equally important positions to suit their political egos.

Originally, the Senators had free reign over their region and could implement any regional laws they thought were necessary and they were only restricted by the Roman Constitution. However in 1783 Emperor Alexander XII dissolved the Senate and renamed it the Discateria Imperia (Imperial Bureau). This put the Senators, now also known as Consuae, under complete submission to the Emperor, ending the federal system of government enjoyed by the Empire for over half a millennia and forcing all Regionis and Provinces to follow the federal laws of the Empire. Though this did significantly change the way in which the Provinces were administered, legislative power was still held in the bicameral combination of Congress and the Bureau, and the Emperor hadn't really curtailed civil liberties to any degree.

A more federal system was reinstated by Emperor Sulla II following the end of a state of emergency caused by the Global War. This again allowed regional, as well as provincial, laws to be put in place by the Senators and Viceroys. Little has changed in this matter over the past few decades and the Empire seems on the path to continuing as such for many centuries to come.

Provincial Military
Though no province is without its own soldiers, there are many that have no permanently stationed Legions. Legions were, and still are, always found in Provinces with a foreign land border, even a peaceful one. Though, recently, in the case of an allied border there would usually be little more than one Legion based there. This has been the case since the last major war as troop movement speeds became close to inconsequential and the capabilities of static and space defenses proved sufficient enough in any situation for that short time period.

Castra are present in every Roman province, and act as National Guard stations for the Castellanae Imperiae. Usually, a Castrum contains 1,000 Guardsmen led by one Praefectus Castrorum, but there are several cases were 2 or even four of these "battalions" are together in one base. In several other military bases, usually those where military training is performed, there are also soldiers known as Adscripticii who mostly consist of Tirones, new recruits. The recruits can at any time be called in to replace fallen Legionaries to keep the size of one Legion at 6,400 men. Other bases house Evocatus (Veterans) who assist in many of the administrative duties. They are expected to help the other soldiers by offering advice and assisting with their own experience in emergencies.

List of Provinces
Europa Centrica


 * Roma
 * Italia
 * Raetia
 * Noricum
 * Alpia

Insulae Brittanicae


 * Magna Brittania
 * Cambria
 * Caledonia
 * Hibernia
 * Frigerra

Mediterraneum


 * Sicilia
 * Melita
 * Corsica
 * Sardinia

Europa Orienta


 * Dalmatia
 * Pannonia
 * Isteria
 * Moessia
 * Dacia

Graecia


 * Macedonia
 * Eperia
 * Thracia
 * Creta
 * Achaea

Anatolia


 * Licia
 * Asia
 * Phrygia
 * Gallatia
 * Cilicia
 * Cyprus

Asia
 * Arabia
 * Judea
 * Palestina
 * Syria

Europa Occidenta


 * Lugdunensis
 * Aquitania
 * Belgica
 * Gallia

Iberia


 * Lusitania
 * Baetica
 * Hispania

Germania


 * Germania Inferioris
 * Germania Superioris
 * Gothia
 * Cimbria
 * Venetia
 * Aetia

Muscovy


 * Francia
 * Sarmatia
 * Barbaria
 * Muskovia Inferioris
 * Muskovia Superioris
 * Magna Muskovia

Africa
 * Aegyptus
 * Mauretania
 * Numidia
 * Cyrenaica
 * Berberia

Africa Australis


 * Nubia
 * Axum
 * Swahilium

India Borealis


 * Calipha
 * Cashmira
 * Nepalia
 * Mahara

Coastal India


 * Bengalia
 * Odria
 * India
 * Mysoria
 * Carnatia
 * Taprobania

North Columbia


 * Alkonquia
 * Audenisonea
 * Ojibrea
 * Roanokia
 * Haevatenia
 * Apalachia

South Columbia

Oceania

Military
The Roman armed forces are divided into three branches:
 * The Legion (Army)
 * Legio Caelis Custodiae (Air Force)
 * Classis Imperialis (Navy)

In 1992, following the Third World War, a fourth probationary branch was instituted, officially separating the Legio Aetheria from the Roman Air Force. Distinctive ranks, rewards and establishments were instituted throughout the rest of the 90's and by 1998, the Legio Aetheria became an official branch of the government, separating it from the military in name only. The reason for this was never explicitly stated by the emperor, but many in the media believe it was to keep the power of Rome's space forces a little closer to home.

Including the Spatial Legion, military expenditure makes up approximately 3.4% of Rome's GDP, the second highest level in the world. Nevertheless, due to the Empire's considerable wealth, this still constitutes nearly 175 billion Dn, or about $9 trillion US. Out of these expenditures, 32% goes towards maintaining the nation's satellite defenses, 18% to the Air Force, 12% to the Legion, 17% to the Classis, 15% to static defenses, and the rest to other miscellaneous expenditures, like paying for the Generalissimus' jet.


 * The Legion currently employs 1,242,180 professional soldiers as well as exactly 3,000,000 auxiliary soldiers as part of the Castra Imperia, or National Guard. Furthermore, the Legion contains an enormous variety of Testudo (Tanks) and other land vehicles for specialized use. Although it is smaller than both the Mongol and the Mayan armies personnel wise, the technology at the Legion's disposal is unlike anything other nations have ever seen before.
 * The Classis is made up of over 1,200,000 crewmen and thousands of others as their commanders. The Roman Navy currently operates with 90 nuclear aircraft carriers, 320 battleship-sized vessels, 700 Destroyers, 980 transport/assault ships and about 440 assorted cruisers and small attack vessels. Thanks to significant usage of automation, the number of required personnel for each ship is surprisingly small. It remains the second most powerful naval force on the planet, trailing behind the enormous Japanese Navy.
 * The Legio Caelis is one of the largest branches of the Roman Military. It employs 1,864,000 active airmen plus 600,000 more in reserve. An additional 350,000 people run the operations and management of the air force, bringing the Caelis' total number of members up to 2,814,000 people. It has been, throughout history, considered the largest and most potent air force in the world, surpassing all others combined.

As for the Space Legion, in a 1999 public statement, it was purported to have more than 4,300,000 people under its employ. Although most of these are technicians or engineers, the nature of space warfare makes that a moot point. The Romans have currently fitted space with 40 missile satellites, 40 kinetic bombardment satellites and 160 offensive-laser satellites. In addition to this, the Romans have over one hundred bases of operations orbiting the Earth, providing up to the second data on virtually every location on the planet, to every branch of the military.

Rome has the largest complement of nuclear arms in the world, followed closely by the Mayans, and then the Japanese further down. Out of a total stockpile of 7,400 missiles: 50% use pure-fusion warheads, whilst the other half uses two-stage hydrogen bombs. Also, 70% use an omni-directional deployment mechanism, spreading the warheads over a wide area, whilst the rest make use of a single blast for maximum impact. Many of the latter are specialized for an anti-emplacement role, specializing in destroying highly fortified targets such as bunkers.

To further distinguish the missiles; 40% are located in silos at least 400 meters underwater along coastal areas; 20% are fitted to specialized battleships; 38% are in underground silos whilst the last 2% or so, about 120 missiles, are outfitted to the SC-50 Space Battleship.

The Romans make no secret of their intentions with their military. It is for the purposes of self-defense, foreign control and maintenance of stable borders across both the planet and outer space.

When subtlety and discretion are required, the Romans make use of one of the two branches of the Praetorian Guard known as the Munus Indicius Romanus or Roman Intelligence Service. Agents part of MIR are men placed under intense psychological scrutiny and who go through rigorous physical and mental training. This has made them some of the most feared men on the planet, and rightly so. Only the Mongol Ongtsegheon Monks are more infamous than the Roman Agents, something perhaps reflected in a little known incident where a Monk and an Agent were separately and without knowledge of each other sent to assassinate a high ranking Khmer leader. The Monk killed the Agent, continued to evade detection and made his intended kill with discretion. Nevertheless, Roman Agents are not to be messed with.

Economy
The Roman Empire has a capitalist mixed economy, whose corporate structure is dominated in a monopolistically competitive manner. According to data collected by the World Bank, Rome sits at a GDP of 5.136 Trillion Dn ($256.8 Trillion). The largest GDP of any nation in the world, it constitutes about 38% of the combined world GDP. Furthermore, Rome has the largest GDP PPP in the world at 2400 Dn per person. This is followed closely by Japan whose GDP PPP is 2250 Dn per person.

The Roman Empire is the largest exporter of goods and third largest importer, with per capita exports being more than double any single other country. Its trading partners by percentage are 34% Mayans, 28% Japanese, 17% Mongols, 11% Danes, 6% Khmer, and 4% for the remaining countries. The nation most recently ran a trade surplus of $1.34 trillion (26.8 billion Dn) in 1999. Rome also has the highest credit rating on the planet, having not reneged on its debt for over 2000 years.

In 1999, the private sector accounted for 38.5% of the economy, with imperial government activity accounting for 41.2% and provincial government activity for the remaining 20.3%. Rome has a postindustrial economy with the manufacturing and labor sectors contributing only 14% of the workforce, with the other 86% coming from the service sector. Most labor intensive or laborious jobs have been fully replaced by automated workers, requiring only one supervisor where there was once needed a thousand workers. Having an extremely well balanced economy, no particular job type accounts for a proportionally large amount of the population than any other one, the largest being in retail management. Furthermore, agriculture accounts for a mere 0.001% of the workforce, virtually all instances of it being performed by automatons.

The Roman unemployment rate, considering they are in the middle of a "recession", is at about 3.4% of the labor force, or 41 million people. Once cyclical unemployment is removed, Rome's natural rate of unemployment is usually between 1 and 1.8 percent. Unlike the former Platonist countries, there is no unionization whatsoever in the Roman Empire. It has in fact been made illegal for workers to make many of the moves that could lead to unionization occurring. Nevertheless, there are countless regulations that ensure workers are not abused or mistreated by their employers, at very little cost to their general efficiency. This low regulation, no unions or minimum wage, and low unemployment benefits ensure that voluntary employment is at a scarce level at all times. However, the Roman Empire is notorious for having the largest number of paid holidays of any other state. In the city of Rome itself, workers can expect to have a total of 35 days of vacation, whilst still being paid their wages. Not every corporation is required to follow this however, and many institutions such as federal buildings as well as school, are not allowed to offer so many holidays, and only the primary national holidays are still followed.

Income and Human Development
According to data collected by the Imperial Census Bureau, the per capita GDP in the Empire is the highest of any nation in the world at any point in history, about 2400 Dn per person ($120,000 US). More importantly however, the pretax income of the average Roman citizen is about 2100 Dn, at least marginally above any other nation. However, Roman taxes are classed by the World Bank as being the third highest in the world, after their allies the Mayans and the Japanese. Income taxes are equal for all members of society and currently they stand at 22%. Disposable income of the average citizen of Rome is therefore still higher than the average in any other nation.

One particular area in which the Roman nation suffers is income disparity, of which there is quite a big one. The top 10% of the adult population in income possesses about 87% of the nation's wealth, whilst the top 1% possess around 46% of the total. As well, between 2.1 and 2.6 percent of the adult population has no income, as they are a slave. Still, literally regardless of income, everyone lives at least a satisfactory life, and although 12% of citizens live below the "Roman" poverty rate, not a single one would fall within an OTL measurement of this. In fact, barring slaves and illegal workers, no man lives on less than 1600 Dn a year ($80,000 US). Minimum wage (which is measured yearly, assuming 8 work hours a day and 220 work days a year) is in fact 1520 Dn ($76,000 US), or 86 Cn ($43 US) per hour.

There are several important facts that should be considered here. First of all, there is a significant gender gap as far as income is considered (though there is also a gap in pretty much every else too). Almost 94% of all working Roman women have incomes that are almost exactly at minimum wage and very few actually work. Indeed one of the primary differences between the Roman economy and most first world OTL economies is that women play a very small role in the former. The Imperial Census Bureau observed in 1999 that only about 11% of working age women have a paying job, and many of them work in jobs that are not typical of a male worker (i.e. sex worker or model). Others work in jobs that are oriented towards females, misogynistically for the most part. A primary example of this kind of job is a secretary, a position that is usually filled by the employers wife or consort.

The working age itself is of interest as well. Most Roman males begin to work small jobs at around the age of 15, and in fact that age is a commonly occurring one within Roman law, equivalent to 18 or 19 in OTL laws. This reflects the different views on age that the Romans have, one which stands in stark contrast to OTL. Even more distinctive is the fact that retirement is considered to be rather rare, although this was not the case for most of the 20th Century. Most people of advanced age continue to work, unless their present condition becomes debilitating, something which occurred far more frequently in the early part of the century in comparison to the present. There is therefore no defined upper limit for the working age.

There are several things which are important to note in order to understand the human development rate in the Roman Empire. Firstly, no citizen has died of starvation for over a century, except through negligence or stupidity on their own part or that of another. Homelessness citizens are virtually unheard of and the government has a special Doma Omni (House for All) fund that ensures that those who lose their house are given a long term loan for a new one. This government policy of providing loans to people rather than charity in order to solve their problems is very characteristic of the Roman government and it is a policy which history seems to have favored so far. In modern times, since the start of the Midas Program, even non-citizen natives of some of the African provinces are starting to be brought out of poverty, though nationalistic intent will most likely always remain.

Science & Technology
Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic and the Romans are almost at the point where they'd seem like wizards to some. So elevated is the Roman level of technology that other nations can't even comprehend how any of their devices work, even when it is right in their own hands. The reason for this is as simple as it is complex; nanotechnology. The science of the very small has in recent years allowed the Romans to accomplish incredible things in medical, military and material technologies, that no other nation is capable of. It has allowed them to, despite there insufficient chemical knowledge, have almost as great a selection of materials as the Mayans.

As well, Roman computer technology is a 160 year old industry, with the first computer being developed in 1836. With a hundred more years to advance the technology than in OTL, the Romans have access to significantly more advanced technology than "we" do. Most handheld devices even have similar capabilities to OTL supercomputers, and their method of function uses science that we can only apply on small scales. To connect these computers it the Cratis Imperis, or just Cratis to most. Although in principle it is free like our internet, several important rules make it run in more of a totalitarian manner. Permits need to be received in order to create a Patch (website) and there are hundreds of Vigiles (Police) which patrol the Cratis for any unauthorized use. The Roman internet is therefore incredibly efficient, highly useful and very strict. There are however thousands of different Forums dedicated to the discussion of certain subjects, though these almost always related to membership in an actual organization and can be very exclusive.

Transportation
Automobile possession is considered a very class-oriented trait, with specific designs being typical for specific classes. Most lower class Plebeians have no personal vehicle and make use of the Empire's extensive public transit networks to get around. Exceptions in this case are that many Plebs own vehicles for transport that they use with their business. On the opposite end of the spectrum are the Equestrians and Patricians, where the former usually own extremely luxurious cars and the latter even more so, always with a robotic driver. Since automobiles and most personal vehicles are not allowed into the cities between 7 am and 8 pm, the state has long had a system to take care of people's cars when they were at home. Most recently, massive series of towers, usually about 300 meters tall each that can be reached by shuttle transport a few kilometers from most cities, house all the cars of citizens stopping by or living in a city. All someone has to do is drive their car into a special lift which will then automatically place their car in a rock in the tower once they leave. Since most of these racks extend underground as well, a single tower can usually house upwards of 11,000 cars.

Within the cities themselves, a highly standardized underground train network connects the entire city in a massive grid of automated trains. The tracks criss-cross throughout the city forming squares with 2 km long sides. Between cities are short distance maglev trains that usually run alongside roads, either underground or elevated on stilts. As well, there are several long-distance maglev trains that run at supersonic speeds and travel over very important or very long routes. Several examples of these are the Transatlantic Highway and Circummediterranean Railway. Furthermore, nearly every province has at least one major airport that satisfies most long-distance or intercontinental travel.

Costs for public transport are extremely low in the Roman Empire. Most people can buy a monthly pass, which is a programmable chip they can place in anything they own, for the cost of 1 Dn every month. Long-distance train rides usually cost between 2 and 10 Dn, with a Transatlantic train ride requiring a payment of 12 Dn. Plane tickets are around 14 Dn, Neapolis to Parisium, to 34 Dn, Constantinopolis to Halorium (Columbia). Ship rides are rather uncommon for any other than leisure as most islands have an airport if not on the island, then artificially built nearby and with a free ferry. There are however thousands of Roman cruise ships that traverse virtually every location on the planet, offering the rich a wide variety of leisure voyages.

Energy
Every watt of power generated in the public sector of the Empire comes from either renewable or nuclear sources. The Imperial Census Bureau states the figures are: 15,370 W per capita; 288,329.5 Terawatt-hours per year (10x OTL USA); 18% Solar Satellites; 31% Hydroelectric Dams; 47% Nuclear Fusion; 4% Other renewable (Wind, geothermal, wave, etc.); Average Household consumption of 21,420 W.

The Breakdown for energy consumption by sector of society is as follows (Note that these figures only apply to Earth):
 * Residential: 14%
 * Commercial: 11%
 * Transportation: 36%
 * Industrial: 43%
 * Wasted Energy: 8%

Wasted heat is heavily reduced by using superconductors to transport electricity over medium to long distances and the lack of thermal engine type power plants. It is also notable that these Census figures to not include energy lost in the transmission of solar power from space to land or inefficiencies in nuclear fusion processes. As well, Industrial includes most government and military uses that do not fall into any of the other three sectors.

Another important industrial energy cost is climate control. Most cities with populations above 1-2 million people make use of an extensive climate control system. Animal life is restricted through both natural and artificial means, leaving only species such as eagles, falcons and domesticated mammals, whilst eliminating rodents, insects and unwanted birds almost completely. Temperatures are maintained between 14 and 28 degrees Celsius through devices which restrict air flow into and out of the city, as well as powerful heating and cooling stations built seamlessly into the city and below its streets.

Demographics
The population of the Imperium Romanum is estimated to be 2,141,600,000, with two major distinctions between the population areas. About 35.9% live in an area conventionally known as the Imperium, which although not politically separate from the other part, the Colonies, is more culturally distinct from them. This cultural separation has far reaching demographic consequences, not the least of which is that nearly every inhabitant of the Imperium has Roman citizenship, about 764 million out of 1,819,297,000 citizens (85%). Holding citizenship is extremely important in the Empire, as it exempts them from the Poll Tax and allows them to enter the army as a Legionary. Furthermore, it grants the right of vote, if 15 or older, and allows the holding of a political position.

Population growth is currently very high, and has been for the past two centuries especially. The fertility rate in the Empire is higher than any other nation in the world, with a national average of 5.8 babies per women. This is well above the replacement rate of 1.9, and adds to the Roman population growth rate of 3.9%. Natural growth makes up most of this, standing at around 83 million more people each year, whilst net migration adds another 430,000 new inhabitants.

The Roman Empire is the second most populated country in the world, after only the Mongol World Empire. Conversely, they are the second least densely populated nation, just above the United Chiefdoms of Columbia. This is mostly due to them being the largest country by size by a very large margin. However, whilst the average population density is very small, a good deal of the Roman population is concentrated in urban areas, with the total urbanization rate being 85% or so. The cities themselves, due to a lack of skyscrapers are thinly populated when compared to those of other countries, and so a surprisingly large amount of the Empire is covered by urban sprawl. Unlike most other countries, the borders of Roman cities are very clearly delineated by large stone or metal walls.

Currently about 1208 cities have populations over 100,000 people, about 83 cities have over a million people living in them and 29 are classified as global cities (over 2 million people). Out of the 30 most populated metropolitan areas in the world, 14 are in Roman territory, one of those being a jointly held Roman/Mayan city in Africa known as Okarum.
 * Total Population: 2,140,000,000 inhabitants
 * Imperium Population: 770 million inhabitants
 * Colonial Population: 1.37 billion inhabitants
 * Citizenship: 1,819,000,000 Citizens
 * Citizenship Percentage: 85%
 * Percentage of World Population: 18.5%
 * Population Density: 44.96 inhb/km2
 * Urbanization: 82%

Health
The heath standards of the Roman Empire, especially in the civilized parts, are considered to be the second highest in the world. The average Roman life expectancy is only about 38 years less than in the Inca Empire, and medical related deaths are lower than almost anywhere in the world. The Romans have cures for diseases as wide ranging as cancer, diabetes, cholera, epilepsy, Alzheimer's and even methods of preventing strokes and heart attacks. Even without these countermeasures, the Roman people themselves are very healthy. Artificial food additives are frowned upon, and virtually no supplier uses anything but natural ingredients. Thanks to genetically modified animals and crops, no pesticides or herbicides are necessary and so levels of toxins in Roman food are extremely low.

As well, the Roman lifestyle is considered to be one of the healthiest of any other in the world. Nearly all citizens, regardless of wealth, have fish and other white meat weekly, occasionally supplemented by red meats such as pork and beef. As well, nuts and various vegetables are a staple of the Roman diet. This way of eating, known OTL as the "Mediterranean Diet" is a natural state for the Roman people, and is far healthier than equivalents "here".

Looking at OTL standards, only about 11% of the population is considered to be obese. Conversely, by the same standards nearly 50% of the population would be considered overweight. The range in which this 50% is found is, contrary to popular belief, as healthy, if not healthier a state than being below that range. Most importantly, of this section of the population, about three-quarters are female and most of the other quarter which is male is overweight due to musculature rather than adipose tissue. The former statistic, about females, is largely due to the Roman attitude towards feminine beauty, one which has changed very little since ancient times.

Most importantly, the Roman government offers free healthcare to anyone within the age ranges of 1-21 and 60+. Literally every aspect of these persons health, be it dentistry, optometry, or even medical check-ups, are paid entirely by the government. Those between the two ranges must fend for themselves however, something which reflects the Roman incentive method of preventing unemployment and encouraging education. In the Empire the "age of consent" is about 15 for men and 16 for girls, and the average child bearing age for women is around 20 to 21, something which has been kept there partly due to the aforementioned healthcare laws. What is referred to OTL as "teen pregnancy" is also far more common, though about 85% to 88% of these cases occur within legal matrimony. Abortion is a crime punishable by life in prison, and is almost never performed, even in the more nefarious circles. Contraception is however available, and whilst pill-type is the most common, only preventative variations are allowed by law.

One of the most important aspects of the Roman healthcare system is therapeutic cloning, something which is used for things such as creating organs for transplant and providing stem cells for regeneration therapies. Due to a law banning the retrieval of embryonic stem cells, Roman scientists had far more pressure on them to develop alternative methods. By 1949, before Roman-Inca relations were as strong as they are now, the process was perfected to a marketable level. Now things such as the loss of parts of the body, including organs, can be repaired, as well as permanent tissue damage such as tar build-up in the lungs and blindness.

Only in the undeveloped regions of Africa and the colonies is health care not technically covered by provincial law. These areas, most notably Swahilium, live in rather surprising poverty and have health averages far below the rest of the Empire.


 * Life Expectancy: 95.5 years
 * By Gender
 * Men: 92.1 years
 * Women: 99.4 years
 * By Class
 * Senatorial: 108 years
 * Equestrian: 101 years
 * Middle Plebeian: 98 years
 * Lower Plebeian: 91 years
 * Slave: 79 years
 * Infant Mortality Rate: 1.2 per thousand births
 * Fertility Rate: 5.8 babies per women

Religion
With the Emperor's dual position as Pope, leader of the Christian Church, nearly all citizens of the Empire practice one of the organized variants of Christianity. The differences here occurred in the early years of the Church when the Emperors along with the Popes formed specialized sections of the Church for major ethnic groups. For instance, Coptic Christianity is practiced in the provinces of Aegyptus, Cyrenaica, Axum, Nubia and Arabia; whilst Punic Christianity is practiced in most African provinces notably Numidia, Berberia and Mauretania. Although the religious Dogma of the Church does not differ between these "sections", and all of them see the Pope as the Head of their Church, certain practices are adapted to their culture, and the languages and art used in their churches is distinct as well.

Nevertheless, Roman law allows for the free practice of any religion, and so there is still a certain degree of diversity there. Judaism in particular is considered a "state protected" religion, and the Jews often hold very prominent positions in society. The province of Judaea for instance, has always had greater independence than almost any other province, and is especially adapted to help the Jewish people. Large Muslim populations also exist to the East, and in India, with the province of Arabia boasting the largest Sunni Muslim population of anywhere in the world, due to the diaspora that occurred during the Shi'ite genocide against them in 850's and 860's.

Other foreign and small domestic religions exist as well, Ahauism and Hinduism being two of the most significant examples. The latter has seen dwindling membership over the past 4 centuries of Imperial rule, with many Indians already converted to Islam, and many others having either emigrated early on or converted over time. The Empire also features one of the largest atheist populations in the world, mostly spread thinly amongst the provinces. Irreligious people are rare in the most developed nations, and are mostly found in the former Platonist countries. This unusually high amount of atheists can most likely be attributed to the Humanist movement which occurred in the Empire, one which sparked the only known atheist movement in history.


 * Christianity: 1,992,000,000 people (93.1%)
 * Roman Catholicism: 1,975,000,000 people (92.3%)
 * Roman Catholicism: 58%
 * Coptic Catholicism: 9%
 * Punic Catholicism: 13%
 * Greek Catholicism: 9%
 * Celtic Catholicism: 7%
 * Columbian Christianity: 4%
 * Arianism: 15,000,000 people (0.7%)
 * Other Christianity: 0.1%
 * Judaism: 77,400,000 people (3.6%)
 * Islam: 44,900,000 people (1.6%)
 * Shi'ite: 1.1%
 * Sunni: 0.6%
 * Hinduism: 21,400,000 (1%)
 * Atheism: 6,400,000 people (0.3%)
 * Anti-Religion: 0.1%
 * Agnosticism: 0.1%
 * Atheism: 0.1%
 * Animism: 8,600,000 people (0.4%)
 * Ahauism: 8,600,000 people (0.4%)
 * Andeism: 4,200,000 people (0.2%)
 * Shintoism: 4,200,000 people (0.2%)
 * Druidism: 2,000,000 people (0.09%)

Ethnicity
Unlike the equally populated Mongol World Empire, the Roman Empire has an extremely diverse population. There are over 2,000 recognized ethnic groups within Rome's borders, and even in general terms, almost 20 completely distinct groups exist. The majority of these recognized ethnic groups are either African or Columbian in origin, separated due to the tribal distinctions which they hadn't overcome by the time of Roman arrival in their lands. As well, these two general groups are the most widely represented in Rome's slave population, which is 59% African, 36% Columbian and 6% Indian. Any other ethnic group by law cannot be enslaved, especially those of Mediterranean origin.

The Mediterranean ethnic groups are by far the most prevalent within Roman society. Unsurprisingly, Roman ethnicity is the most distinctly so. Although a great deal of mixing occurs between Romans and the other present races, 64% of the population can claim descendance along at least one Roman bloodline. However, only 39% of the population can claim a purely Roman, or at least purely Italian, line of descent, most of whom live in Italia, Rome and their surrounding areas and islands. The rarest of these mixed-race individuals are Roman-Africans, children of a Roman and African Tribal parent. Phoenicio-Romans and Roman-Coptics, whilst technically Roman-Africans, are never referred to as such, and are their own race by Roman standards.

Similarly to the ethnic divisions created by the Roman Catholic Church, the Imperial Census Bureau divides the Empire's provinces into "Ethnic Regions", where a certain group is considered to be the most dominant demographically, or were historically dominant. Former Celtic regions for instance, such as Lugdunensis, Magna Brittania, Caledonia and the like, although very few pure examples of their ethnic group still exist, are dominated by ethnically Romano-Celtics, among other groups. Germanians and Dacians likewise no longer exist, having been fully assimilated into the Roman populations. There are nevertheless distinctive Germanian and Dacian "Regions" with their own branch of the Church and their own cultural values.

Greek is by far the most widespread homogeneous non-Roman ethnicity, almost completely covering the Graecian and Anatolian peninsulas and having numerous exclaves in the New World. Phoenicio-Romans also covering a large are of the Empire, existing mostly in North-West Africa and southern Hispania, though they've been mostly assimilated due to the imperial importance of Carthage and the Mons Calpi Strait (Gibraltar). Judaeans and Egyptians, like the Greeks, are very well traveled and can also be commonly found throughout Columbia, India and the Autralis Islands. The province of Judaea in particular is considered a nation within Rome, despite being managed similarly to a province, and has a very high population of purely Judaean citizens (upwards of 30 million in that province alone).

Furthermore, Indians have a noticeably large portion of the Empire's population, but nearly all of whom live in their native lands. Unfortunately, prosecution and attempted integration led to many leaving, to the eventually annexed Islamic Republic of India, and so the Indian population is much smaller than it should be. In fact, only about 41% of that subcontinent's population is actually Indian, the rest being an amalgam of the other Roman ethnicities.

Notably absent from this list are the Japanese, as their government made a law that no Japanese could hold two citizenships, and so very few are found in other countries. Only about 2 or 3 million live in the Roman Empire, most being only honorary inhabitants on behalf of the Japanese government, or simply Japanese wishing to leave their country behind and start a new one in the Empire.
 * Roman: 1,370,000,000 people (64%)
 * Pure Roman: 850 million
 * Graeco-Roman: 95 million
 * Romano-Celtic: 93 million
 * Roman-Coptic: 88 million
 * Roman-Germanian/Dacian: 73 million
 * Phoenicio-Roman: 62 million
 * Roman-Columbian: 45 million
 * Mongolian/Japanese-Roman: 18 million
 * Roman-Judaean: 10 million
 * Roman-African: 4 million
 * Other Mix: 32 million
 * African: 128,000,000 people (6%)
 * Hellenic: 128,000,000 people (6%)
 * Indian: 128,000,000 people(6%)
 * Judaean: 86,000,000 people (4%)
 * Mayan: 64,000,000 people (3%)
 * Muscovite: 64,000,000 people (3%)
 * Egyptian: 64,000,000 people (3%)
 * Slaves (various groups): 64,000,000 people (3%)
 * Inca:43,000,000 people (2%)
 * Danish: 21,000,000 people (1%)
 * Arabian: 10,000,000 people (0.5%)
 * Other: 10 million (0.5%)

Language
Latin is the de jure national language of the Empire, representing its culture, its people and its influence. It is required teaching in all schools within the nation's borders, whether the schools be public, private or foreign, and several re-education programs in Africa, Columbia and India have focused solely on the instruction of Latin, believing it to be the first step in bringing the regions "civilization". Conversely, many native African and Columbian dialects are heavily discouraged in the Empire, with many state laws outlawing their instruction except in permitted private schools.

The other de facto national language of the Empire is Greek, spoken by approximately 39% of the population. Although not an international language like Latin, or a required subject of instruction, Roman and Greek cultures especially place significant importance on the Greek language and its use, as it is considered a highly elitist language, and being able to speak it well is a high distinction in most Roman circles (a very small part of the non-Greek population can actually speak flawless Greek). The other three major languages of Roman commerce are Pheonician, formalized since the mid to late 1400's, Coptic, another very popular language in Africa and Aramaic, the standard language of most Judaeans and Jews since even before the VIth Century, having superseded Hebrew around that time.

The international language of Nahuatl is the most widely spoken non-Mediterranean language, with almost 100 million speakers. Although the majority of its speakers are expatriate Mayans, nearly 30 million Roman traders, bankers and businessmen are fluent in the language, allowing them to more easily do business with the Mayans. In the same sense, Japanese is spoken by more than 40 million Romans, as business with the Japanese is even more lucrative than that with the Mayans. As well, the few million Japanese expatriates in the Empire speak Japanese.


 * Latin: 2.1 billion (98%)
 * Greek: 835 million (39%)
 * Phoenician: 214 million (10%)
 * Coptic: 130 million (6%)
 * Aramaic: 98 million (4.6%)
 * Nahuatl: 93 million (4.4%)
 * Quechua: 65 million (3.1%)
 * Brythonnic: 44 million (2%)
 * Japanese: 44 million (2%)
 * Frankish: 39 million (1.9%)
 * Hebrew: 28 million (1.3%)
 * Norse: 26 million (1.2%)
 * Arabic: 26 million (1.2%)
 * Slavic: 21 million (1%)
 * Mongolian: 15 million (0.7%)
 * Indian Dialects: 110 million (5.1%)
 * African Dialects: 105 million (4.9%)
 * Muscovite Dialects: 53 million (2.5%)
 * Columbian Dialects: 48 million (2.2%)
 * Other: 107 million (5%)

Social Orders
Like most modern nations, the Roman Empire has several social classes which divide and organizes the members of its societies. At the very top are the Patricians, these are members of the government, usually very rich and have both the highest amount of privileges and pay the highest taxes. Next up on the social ladder are the Equestrians. Known in Latin as Equites, these are the rich merchant and business class who control the greater part of the Roman economy and make most of the profits. The next Order, the Plebeian Order is itself divided into two groups: The Upper Plebs and the Lower Plebs. Upper Plebs are the well-off low class citizens who are paid higher wages put are legally of the same order as their poorer brethren. They're kind of like the average citizen of the Empire. The Lower Plebs are the Empire workforce and laborers and receive the kind of jobs that no one wants but everyone needs. Both Plebeian groups receive a good amount of benefits from the government and unlike in most other countries, have usually very comfortable lives. Unofficially there are also the Peregrini, the non-citizen foreigners like the Mayans and Japanese. They have the least amount of legal rights and are expected to have their own country protect them. No benefits are offered to them by the government and any who stay to live in the Empire usually do so in the hopes of one day being made citizens.

The final two groups are the lowest of all and in addition to receiving almost no benefits, are heavily looked down upon by the rest of society. The first are the Indigeni, who are the native Africans and Columbians, and in some place Muscovites who have had their former land conquered by the Romans. Most people view them as inferior the Mediterranean races and a large amount of the country's racism is targeted towards these groups. Lastly are the Servi, the very bottom of society. These are people, always non-Mediterranean, who have either had their families taken into slavery many generations ago during their conquest, or in rare cases, have sold themselves, or been sold by their own countries into slavery. Although their rights were improved by the proclamation of 1449, the life of a slave is a pretty hard one.


 * Patrician Order: 4.3 million people (0.2%)
 * Equestrian Order: 145.5 million people (6.8%)
 * Upper-Plebeian Order: 1,348 million people (63%)
 * Lower Plebeian Order: 321 million people (15%)
 * Peregrini: 190.5 million people (8.9%)
 * Indigeni: 130.5 million people (6.1%)
 * Servi: 51.4 million slaves (2.4%)

Culture
MAIN ARTICLE

Comparison to the Real World
Never in human history has a nation grown to be as powerful as the Roman Empire. In technology, wealth, knowledge, size and arguably culture, Rome has by the year 2000 surpassed what any other country could possibly dream of achieving. This makes it seem difficult, if not impossible to compare the Empire to anything that has existed or exists in OTL. Whilst this holds true from a macroscopic perspective, it is possible to understand the Empire's individual parts by looking at each as a microcosm for another whole. Meaning we can still compare individual aspects of the Roman Empire to other real world nations.

For starters, there is no singularly "Roman" culture that spans the entire nation, as there is a dominant French Culture in France and a dominant Spanish Culture in Spain. Through skillful management, several ethnically centered cultures have been maintained by public as well as private influences and each of these can be described as being as distinct from another as if it were a separate country entirely. Different foods and fashion styles are followed, and even things such as language and symbolism differ between two of these cultures. For more information see Roman Culture above.

Now Rome's military position is not unlike the Americans at the start of the 1990's, or perhaps the way the Americans thought they were, depending on who you might ask. The Romans are unmatched in all regions of the planet, and have made themselves involved in every possible event that occurs, except when this is in the realm of a suspicious rival. Recently, the Mongol World Empire has started challenging the Romans in their planetary hegemony. It hasn't outright opposed them, say by backing one of Rome's enemies, but they've been making every attempt to both isolate their own interests from Rome, as well as trying to surpass them in any way they can possibly find, to little avail however. Nevertheless, the Mongols, or Yuan Sericans as Rome calls them, are in no position to challenge the Empire any time soon. Though they do stand a chance in a ground war, the Mongols have no hope against Rome's technology in outer space, something which has allowed Rome to strike at anyone, anywhere, at any time they choose. According to several warnings by a few members of the Senate, the removal of this one barrier could potentially pose a serious problem. Luckily for Rome, this is virtually impossible.

Although the Roman Empire is in a similar position to the Americans from a military standpoint, they make no attempt to hold the same role. The emperor freely admits the government's intentions in interfering with foreign affairs. The military's goal is to "protect the City's control over the nations of the planet Earth" as well as "maintain the financial interests of the Empire from those who might seek to harm it". This admittance stems from a central Roman belief that no current OTL nation would ever hold, namely, that they are the superior civilization of the planet. Considering that nearly a third of Earth's landmass is Roman soil, it is not hard to see why the Romans would come to believe that they have a God given right to own the planet, despite the animosity that this builds with other peoples. From this, the military role of Rome can be defined as overseers, ensuring that everything runs just the way they like it.

To make a comparison of Rome's economic capabilities, one can only look to science fiction. In Roman society, energy, in the form of electricity, is a free good that everyone is given access to, regardless of position in society. The Empire therefore has a post-scarcity energy economy where the state can supply the needs of the nation's energy demands to an unlimited extent. As far as the wealth that the country holds, the only real world example that is similar would be a nation like Luxembourg, but on some kind of performance enhancing drug. Even the poorest Romans can afford all of their needs in food, housing, health and entertainment (well only a little for the latter one). What makes an even bigger difference is that they can comfortably afford these things too. However, like American society, there is still an enormous disparity between the rich and the poor, and wealth is in no way evenly spread out. Whilst all of the poor live in comfort, this comes at the cost of their being very, very many of them. A fair trade off. Perhaps.