Timeline 975-1000 (Interference)

976-980
976 British Isles:

Brian Boru :), from the Dàl Cais clan, ascends the throne of Munster succeeding his brother Mahon/Mathgamain, killed by the Vikings, and retakes Limerick slaughtering the invaders.

Western Europe:

The Numidian pirate Yusf Garamma conquers the Balearic Islands. Balearic piracy :cool: will remain for a long time a major threat in the Western Mediterranen.

Central-Eastern Europe:

The king of Germany, Henry II of Bavaria, concedes the margraviate of Austria to Leopold I von Babenberg, a scion of the Leopoldingian family already powerful in Bavaria and Carinthia

Middle East:

The Fatimids fail in their attept to retake Jerusalem, but manage to take Damascus :(

977 North Africa:

Djirva (*OTL Djerba) resists an Omayyad assault

Middle East:

The Fatimids defeat the Byzantine army :( at the battle of Tiberias (Galilee)

Central Asia:

The Turkic [I]ghulam[/I] (slave-soldier) Subaktagin founds at Ghazni (Afghanistan) the Waliist (*"Papist") Sunni dynasty of the Ghaznavids, at first vassals of the Samanid Empire. 978 British Isles:

King Edward the Martyr is murdered by his step-mother Elfrida, who enforces her own son, 10 years old Ethelred II, as king of England

Western Europe:

Rodrigo VIII the Maurian, king of Spain, is defeated and killed at Orense together with count Peter of Portugal when he tries to subdue Gallastria (*OTL Galicia and Asturias), ruled by the aged but vigorous Einar II the Victorious. In Toledo Rodrigo VIII is succeeded by his son Augustin I.

North Africa:

Berghawata power in southern Mauretania (*OTL Morocco) is crushed by the Tarkhanids of Numidia: the heretics are annihilated, their Temple razed.

Middle East:

The Fatimids smash the Buyids in southern Iraq and Khuzistan at the battle of al-Qusayr, repulsing them beyond the Zagros mountains. Far East:

The kingdom of Wuyue (Hangzhou) submits to the Song Chinese empire

978-981 

British Isles:

Anglo-Saxon England is able to vassalize Glamorgan and Deheubarth (southern wales); Gwynedd, though, resists and keeps itself free of any English presence

Western Europe:

Civil war rages in France as king Arnulf II comes of age and tries to gain effective rule from his maternal uncles, the Vermandois brothers. In the end Arnulf is victorious with the help of king William of Burgundy, but Aquitaine establishes complete independence under William IV (I as king) of Poitou

Byzantine Empire:

The empire is shaken by revolts on religious (the Bogomils in Bulgaria) or taxation (Thrace, Asia Minor) issues, furtherly worsened by the reapperance of Bardas Phokas, who sets up and independent Cappadocian state in Caesarea/Mazhak (*OTL Kayseri) with help from the local “kleisuriotes” (Slavo-Magyar border guards). Basileus Simeon, increasingly ill and isolated :(, cannot adequately face this multiple threat

Middle East:

The Fatimidis progressively maul the remaining strength of the Abbasid Caliphate in Iraq

979 North Africa:

The Western Byzantine strategos of Ifrigia (*later Punia, OTL Tunisia) John Trinacriotes rebels against emperor Theophylactus in Bardapolis (*OTL Tunis), but is quickly overrun and killed at the battle of Gavissa (*OTL Gafsa) by the Numidian Tarkhanid army, intervened with Papal approval in favor of Theophylactus.

Caucasus:

Foundation of the principality of Tashir-Dzoraget in the Lori region of northern Armenia, under a collateral branch of the Bagratid family

Middle East:

The Hamdanids slay the Turkish Guard in Samarra and assume direct protection of the Abbasid Caliph and the Waliate (*TTL's Sunni “Papacy”) in Baghdad.

Far East:

The Song fail in the attempt to retake the northern Chinese provinces still held by the Khitan/Liao empire. 979-983 

Southern Europe:

In Milan the unpopular archbishop Landolfo II da Carcano is kicked out by an angry mob :D ; four years after he reenters the city as the de facto master thanks to his connections with the “capitanei” (major feudatories) :(

980

British Isles:

The High King of Ireland Malachy II of Meath, in alliance with Brian Boru of Munster, takes Dublin and vassalizes the local Vikings

Western Europe:

Siegfried of Luxemburg and his brother Frederick of Lorraine invade France in the height of the civil war, raiding up to the walls of Paris :mad:. East Africa:

Alì I ibn Husain, from the Persian Twelver Shiite Shirazi dynasty, founds the Zeng Empire on the island of Kilwa off Tanganika. India:

Chatta Deva founds the later Kadamba kingdom at Banavasi (Karnataka) under Chalukya tutelage. SE Asia:

The Vietnamese Le Hoan repels a Song Chinese invasion.

ca. 980 Central-Eastern Europe:

Mieszko I of Poland wrests Lesser Poland from Bohemia.

North Africa:

The anaftological heresy :confused: (denial of the personal character of the Holy Ghost) spreads in North Africa, diffused by bishop Anthony of Tebessa; it will be soon condemned by both Rome and Byzantium, but it will also remain a major character of North African Christianity :cool:

East Africa:

The Ethiopian Jewish kingdom of Beta Yisrael is crushed after a devastating war against the remains of the Coptic Axumite empire, now led by the Zagwe clan.

981-985
980-981 Southern Europe:

The Western Byzantine emperor Theophylactus intervenes in the struggles in Rome, reinstalling Pope Benedict VII and killing the anti-Pope Boniface VII

981 

Southern Europe:

King William of Burgundy manages to get the crown of Lombardy in Pavia, but his title is purely formal. He issues a decree of felony and confiscation against Adalbert Atto of Canossa (who killed his father), but no one dares :o to confront the increasing power of the Attoni/Canossa family

Central-Eastern Europe:

The Rus’ of Kiev take Galicia/Ruthenia from Poland. Byzantine Empire:

Basileus Simeon I the Bulgarian dies in Constantinople; his only male son Eustace III nicknamed the Turk (from his Magyar mother) succeeds him despite objections from many, including Patriarch Nicholas II Chrysoberges. Bulgaria revolts against the new basileus, perceived as a foreigner; the rebellion is led by the Komitopouloi brothers :cool:, Samuel, David, Moses and Aaron, scions of a collateral branch of the Bulgarian dynasty and distant cousins of the basileus. They found a Bulgarian state in Ohrid, controlling “western Bulgaria” (Slavic Macedonia) and establish a local Patriarchate when Eustace III, to win the support of Patriarch Nicholas, abolishes the Patriarchate of Preslav, the Bulgarian capital. A Byzantine army marching against the rebels is defeated at Sofia; afterwards Bardas Phokas takes advantage to expand his control over most of inner Anatolia.

Middle East:

The Fatimids of Caliph al-Muizz conquer and sack Baghdad :D, killing most of its Sunni inhabitants and deleting the Abbasid Caliphate from history; Wali (*TTL’s Sunni “Pope”) Abdulmumin II manages to escape and relocates the Waliate in Mosul under Hamdanid protection. The Fatimid Caliphate sets its capital in Medina, who will become the most splendid Islamic capital in the next two centuries

982 Northern Hesperia (*OTL America):

The Norwegian Viking Erik Thorvaldsson nicknamed the Red, convicted of murder and exiled from Iceland, sails west searching what's true in of earlier seafarers’ tales and discovers Greenland.

Western Europe:

The Tarkhanid Numidians invade Maurian Spain but are wholly routed at Ronda (Andalusia).

Southern Europe:

The Corsican pirates of king Amadeus (son of Anscarius, Berengar of Ivrea’s rebel brother) plunder Luni; the city will never recover and it’ll be wholly abandoned by the 13th century

Middle East:

The Fatimids overrun the Byzantine possessions in the Levant, taking Jerusalem :( and Aleppo and starting a lethal struggle with the Hamdanids of Mosul; only Antioch and coastal enclaves in Syria and Lebanon resist the Fatimid onslaught

Far East:

The Islamicizes Karakhanids conquer the entirety of Eastern Turkestan (*OTL Xinjiang Uighur), overthrowing among others the Buddhist kingdom of Khotan.

982-989 SE Asia:

Dai Viet/Vietnam invades the Cham kingdom (Champa), but only manages to extort control over the Annam region

982-1004

Far East:

Li Jiqian founds and consolidates in the upper Huang He valley (NW China) the independent XiXia kingdom of the Dangxiang/Tangut Tibetans

983

Middle East:

Abu Shuja Badh bin Dostak, a poor Kurdish shepherd raised to chieftain, conquers Martyropolis/Mayyafarikin/Silvan and sets up an independent emirate along the upper Euphrates

983-984

Byzantine Empire:

General Bardas Skleros defeats at Nicaea Bardas Phokas, who is afterwards betrayed and killed :mad: by his Armenian allies. Bardas Skleros is thence hailed as basileus when news arrive that his father-in-law, Eustace III the Turk, has died in Constantinople without male heirs; he thereafter enters Constantinople crushing the militias of the powerful eunuch Constantine Vannadiotes :cool:. Samuel of Ohrid starts claiming the Byzantine throne :cool: by his kinship with Eustace III

983-988

Western Europe:

Margrave Hugh II of Flanders (*OTL Hugh Capet) rebels against the German crown, gaining wide autonomy for his lands

984

Caucasus:

Sheka, the last Christian stronghold in Azerbaijan, is conquered by the Waliist Sunni Shirvan emirate

985 North Africa:

The Egyptian Omayyads thwart a Fatimid invasion at the battle of Tell el-Makhzan (Pelusium).

Arabia:

The coastal cities of Oman, incited by the Persian Buyids, rebel against the Fatimid Caliphate; their uprising is promptly crushed in blood. Central Asia:

The Seljuks :eek: settle near Bokhara. India:

In the emirate of Multan (Punjab) the Banu Sama dynasty is overthrown by a pro-Fatimid Ismaili revolution led by the Sumra/Shaibanid clan

Far East:

The Song fail another attempt to dislodge the Khitan/Liao from the north of China. The Tangut XiXia kingdom conquers its Uygur neighbour, Su-chou.

986-990
986

Northern Hesperia (*OTL America):

The Vikings establish two settlements (Eastern and Western) on the southwestern coast of Greenland :) under the leadership of Erik the Red, who settles in Brattahlid, the first European known hamlet in Hesperia (*OTL America). Another Icelander Viking, Bjarni Herjolfsson, during the trip for Greenland is blown astray by a storm and accidentally sights the Hesperian (*OTL American)  :confused: continent before reaching his destination.

Northern Europe:

The king of Denmark, Harold Bluetooth, is killed during a civil war by his own son Sven Forkbeard

Central-Eastern Europe:

Prince Vladimir of Kiev receives baptism, sealing the official conversion of the Rus’ to Christianity :) ; he will enforce conversion by the most unchristian methods :(.

Southern Europe, Byzantine Empire:

The Bulgarians of Czar Samuel gain a most great victory over Bardas III Skleros at the Gates of Trajan and enforce their rule over the entire mainland Sklavinian (*OTL Balkan) region; they also take Larissa in Thessaly (Greece).

Central Asia, India:

Subaktagin of Ghazna invades northern India clashing with the Rajput ruler Jaipal/Jayapala, holding sway over Kabul, Kashmir (through dynastical ties) and parts of Punjab.

986-988

Central-Eastern Europe:

A late Khazar kingdom is established in Tmutarakan/Taman, but is quickly overthrown by the Kievan Rus', who liquidate it installing there as prince young Mstislav I, onew of Vladimir’s sons; the Rus' fail, though, in their attempt to take Bosporon/Kerč, which remains Khazar 987

Southern Europe:

In Bulgaria Samuel eliminates his surviving brothers in a brief civil war sparked by Byzantine bribery and diplomacy :cool: and finally unifies the country under his own sceptre, proclaiming himself Czar of the Bulgarians and basileus of the Romans (Greeks)

987-990

Western Europe:

When King Arnulf II of France dies at 25, leaving an infant heir, Baldwin III, count Herbert III of Vermandois usurps the French crown :mad: extorting his own coronation from Archbishop Adalberon of Reims. Then William I of Burgundy, Baldwin’s cousin, steps into the scene and finally eliminates Herbert at the battle of Montbard, restoring the Baldovingian succession. Herbert’s only son, Eudes, will be raised as a monk and later bishop, extinguishing the last legitimate branch of the Carolingians :( . 988

Central-Eastern Europe:

Vladimir’s Russo-Varangians attack and conquer the Byzantine possessions in the Taurida (*OTL Crimea).

Southern Europe:

Czar Samuel’s Bulgarians occupy Raška/Kosovo subduing the local Serbs. Count Dado of Pombia and Milan, a distant cousin of king William, usurps the royal title in Lombardy with the support of most of the feudatories and the Milanese clergy. Ravenna rebels against papal authority in the height of a power struggle between the Papacy and the Archbishopric of Ravenna; Romagna is occupied by Lombard feudal forces headed by the almost independent rulers of Canossa

989 

Byzantine Empire:

Bardas III Skleros narrowly defeats Czar Samuel of Bulgaria at the battle of Serrai (Macedonia)

990 North Africa:

The Ghana Empire conquers Awdaghost, the trading capital of the Zenetes of Mauretania Ultima (*OTL Mauritania)

Middle East:

The Fatimids crush the Hamdanids in their capital, Mosul; a few weeks earlier the Waliate (*TTL’s Sunni “Papacy”) had been relocated to safer Derbent, on the Caspian Sea. From the ashes of the Hamdanid state two boundary emirates emerge under Fatimid overlordship: Amida/Diyarbakir under the Kurdish Marwanids of Abu Alì Hassan, nephew of the founder of the dynasty, Abu Shuja Badh bin Dostak, and Harran/Carrhae (NE Syria) under the Numayrids, a collateral Hamdanid branch.

India:

A branch of the ruling Pala clan of Bengal replaces the Salasthambhas on the throne of Kamrupa/Assam.

ca. 990

Southern Europe:

Sardinia rejects Tarkhanid Numidia’s suzerainty, but has to pay tribute to the Western Byzantine emperor Theophylactus of Sicily

SE Asia:

Mataram and Srivijaya vie for control over western Java and and the Sunda Strait.

991-995
Summary: here is a nice development of history, with Samuel of Bulgaria becoming the basileus! No Basil II to stop him this time...

991

Southern Europe:

King William of Burgundy crosses the Alps and restores his right to the Lombard throne by killing the usurper Dado of Pombia at the battle of Trecate. He is afterwards expelled from Milan by a revolt after his mistreating of archbishop Landolfo II da Carcano (unpopular but felt as the city’s symbol), and his power remains mostly theoretical in Lombardy. Upon the death of margrave Aleramo of Montferrat, his sons begin the chaotic feudal dissolution of the Aleramic March between southern Piedmont and Liguria

Byzantine Empire:

The Fatimids and their subjects raid Cilicia and Cappadocia

991-994

British Isles:

Olaf Tryggvason, a scion of the royal Norwegian clan of the Ynglings (temporarily deposed by Harold Bluetooth) plunders several towns in eastern England with his powerful fleet; after an early victory at Maldon against the Anglo-Saxons, he withdraws to fight for the crown of Norway

992

Southern Europe:

Count Radbod of Klettigau (Switzerland) founds in the Aargau region the castle of Habsburg, which will give name to his descendants

Byzantine Empire:

Basileus Bardas III Skleros besieges Ohrid/Akriteia, Samuel’s capital, but his forces are smashed in battle; Bardas III narrowly avoids being captured and flees to Thessalonica.

Caucasus:

The Fatimids raid Armenia, then are repulsed by the Sunni Shirvan emirate of Azerbaijan. The Armenian Monophysite Patriarchate is relocated from Dvin to more defendable Ani.

Arabia:

The Fatimids entrust the local governorship of Mecca to the Musabite Sharifs.

992-994 

Central-Eastern Europe:

King Boleslaw I of Poland conquers eastern Pomerania and gains access to the Baltic Sea

Middle East:

Repeated Fatimid invasions of western Persia are routed by the Buyids of Fars

993

India:

The Cholas of SE Deccan invade Sri Lanka/Ceylon and destroy its capital, Anuradhapura

993-1018 Far East:

The Khitan/Liao thrice try to invade Korea; in the end they are heavily routed by the forces of the Koryo kingdom

994 British Isles:

Celtic Cumbria/Cumberland accepts a joint suzerainty under both the English and the Scottish crowns

Byzantine Empire:

Samuel’s forces gain a decisive victory at Trikala (Thessaly), then conquer Thessalonica and sack Adrianople in a daring raid; Bardas III entrenches himself in Constantinople

India:

The Chola ruler Rajaraja I subdues the Cheras and the Pandyas, unifying southern Deccan for the first time.

994-995

Byzantine Empire:

Czar Samuel of Bulgaria besieges Constantinople. When the city proves unassailable, he calls for help Vladimir’s Kievan Rus’, who rush to help him with an entire fleet and devastate Bithynia. When the Byzantine fleet is burned in a sneak attack in its base in the Golden Horn, the city’s fate is sealed. Bardas III commits suicide as suggested by Samuel to spare Constantinople a plunder, then the starved garrison surrenders :eek:. Some chroniclers write that “the last Roman emperor has died” and that the “barbarocracy” has begun (just like with Simeon... :D ), but this will not prove true, as Samuel simply proclaims himself the legitimate basileus of the Romans and establishes on the Byzantine throne his own dynasty, the Komitopouloi. In Anatolia a rebel “Roman” empire is set up in Amorion under general Nicephorus Uranus

995

Northern Europe:

Olaf Tryggvason comes back to Norway and takes the power by eliminating Haakon the Great, vassal of Denmark. King Henry II of Germany dies, succeeded by his son Henry III (*OTL emperor Henry II of the HRE) Southern Europe:

Count Tedaldo of Canossa, to avoid excommunication, reverts back Ravenna, Bologna and Romagna to the Papacy, which in turn concedes him the town of Ferrara. Central-Eastern Europe, Southern Europe:

The Duchy of Carinthia is newly separated by Bavaria and entrusted to Otto of Worms, son of the former rebel duke of Lorraine Conrad the Red; the margrave of Austria Leopold I von Babenberg gains the county of Histria with Trieste. The Bohemians take and raze the capital of the White Croatians, Libice. Central Asia:

In Khorezm the Ma’munids replace the local Afrigid dynasty under Samanid overlordship.

996-1000
996

Southern Europe:

When Pope Benedict VII dies after 22 years of rule, the Western Byzantine emperor Theophylactus of Sicily again intervenes in Rome in support of his candidate for the Papacy and the kingship of Italy, his own confessor and spiritual adviser John Philagatus, against the German Bruno, a son of duke Otto of Carinthia, supported by the Duke of Rome Crescentius the Elder. John XIV (*OTL anti-Pope John XVI) is thus enthroned in Rome. For further safety :rolleyes:, Theophylactus installs in Rome as governor one of his sons, Leo

North Africa:

The Tarkhanid Empire of Numidia collapses when the three-sided civil war between the brothers Donatus and Cyprian, heirs to the throne, and the army commander Bonus Massinissa, supporter of the Anaftologist heretics :confused: (*for explanation, read at the year 980...), ends with the three slain. Byzantine Empire:

Samuel crosses the Bosphorus but is defeated near Cyzicon by Nicephorus Uranus; he soon comes back in Constantinople and crushes a most grave rebellion (the Great Bloodshed :eek:, the biggest carnage in the city since the Nika revolt).

Middle East:

The Fatimids wrench Antioch :(  and the coastal stripe of Syria and Lebanon from Nicephorus Uranus' hands

997

Southern Europe:

Margrave Arduin of Ivrea, a son of the deceased Dado of Pombia, kills the powerful bishop :eek: of Vercelli, Peter, a major supporter of king William of Burgundy, pending a struggle over feudal rights in parts of Piedmont. Arduin is excommunicated by the Church but remains in arms in his lands

Byzantine Empire, Southern Europe:

Basileus-Czar Samuel I concludes an alliance with Venice and her Doge Pietro II Orseolo. The Venetians obtain sweeping commercial privileges in the Byzantine empire and the lordship of Dalmatia under Byzantine-Bulgarian suzerainty; they quickly defeat the Narentan pirates and enforce their power along the eastern Adriatic coast, previously shared by Byzantium and the Croats.

Byzantine Empire:

Basileus Samuel, reinforced by a powerful Russian army, again invades Anatolia; in the meantime, though, the Fatimids assault and conquer the much-coveted Melitene (*OTL Malatya) :(, where Nicephorus Uranus finds his death in battle, ending the “legitimist” (read: anti-Bulgarian) drive against Samuel

Central-Eastern Europe:

The lower Vistula region comes to be under the sway of Poland

997-1000 

Central-Eastern Europe:

In Croatia a civil war rages till king Svetoslav is eliminated by his brothers Kresimir III and Goislav 998 

British Isles:

Ireland is carved between king Malachy II of Meath and Brian Boru; the former will rule the north, the latter the south

Southern Europe:

Crescentius the Younger rebels in Rome, killing the emperor's son, Leo, and forcing into exile Pope John XIV (*OTL anti-Pope John XVI); in a matter of weeks emperor Theophylactus of Sicily plunges in the Urbs Aeterna, where he captures and horribly executes :eek: Crescentius, restoring the legitimate Pope. He afterwards sets his headquarters in the city, the first Roman emperor to do so in half a millennium. King William of Burgundy crosses the Alps and forces Arduin of Ivrea into exile in Germany, conceding his lands to the Church. North Africa:

The Egyptian Omayyads invade Ifrigia (*later Punia, OTL Tunisia), overrunning much of the country and extorting tribute from the Western Byzantine empire

Middle East:

The Fatimid Caliph Abu 'Ali al-Mansur bestows control over northern and southern Iraq respectively upon the Banu Uqayl and Banu Asad Arab tribes: Arab paramountry :( is thus reestablished after the Persian hegemony uunder the Abbasids. The Fatimids wrest western Persia from Buyid hegemony

India:

Mahmud of Ghazna :eek:, son of Subaktagin, invades Punjab. 999 British Isles:

Brian Boru trounces the Vikings and the Irish of Leinster at Glenn Màma and plunders Dublin.

Western Europe:

The king of Spain Rodrigo IX defeats the Gallastrians (*inhabitants, mostly of Celtic origin, of OTL Galicia and Asturias), enforcing suzerainty upon them

Southern Europe:

Valais becomes an ecclesiastic county of the kingdom of Burgundy under the count-bishops of Sion. North Africa:

Yoshua Lamzag crushes the Anaftologist heretics and reestablishes an independent kingdom of Lesvallia (*OTL Kabylia) in northern Numidia.

Black Africa:

Bagauda founds the Haussa kingdom of Kano in northern Nigeria. Middle East, Central Asia:

Final collapse of the Zoroastrian Samanid Empire :( under the invasion of the Muslim Karakhanids of Hasan Bughra Khan: Nishapur, the Samanid capital, is taken and razed to the ground :eek:, the destroyed empire carved between the Karakhanids (Central Asia) and the rising Ghaznavids (Khorasan and eastern Persia/Iran), while Fatimids and Buyids vie for the western remnants.

999-1000

Central-Eastern Europe:

King Boleslaw the Brave of Poland takes advantage of Bohemia's inner troubles to conquer Cracow, Silesia and Moravia; he also gets an own Polish archbishopric :cool: at Gniezno/Gnesen from the Papacy

India:

Rajaraja I of the Cholas takes Vengi (western Deccan coast) from the Chalukyas and conquers Kalinga (Orissa, eastern Deccan). 10th century

British Isles:

The English language leaks into Cumbria, Strathclyde and Scotland, mixiing with local Brythonic and Gaelic dialects to form the *Celto-Germanic :cool: Scots language(s).

Western Europe:

Western Europe sees the growth of the Communal movement; feudalism and fragmentation are rampant, as the issue of the heritability of minor fiefdoms generally resolves in favor of the feudatories. The Cluniac reform (from the monastery of Cluny, Burgundy) strengthens the Church and makes it even more powerful and capable of opposing the local rulers. Southern Europe, Byzantine Empire:

The Bogomil heresy reaches its heyday in the Sklaviniai (*OTL Balkans), expanding from Bulgaria to find a new stronghold in Bosnia.

North Africa:

Power of the southern Zenetes, still partially heathen, masters of trade in “their” desert (the Zenete Desert, *OTL Sahara).

East Africa:

Christian Nubia reaches its apogee under the powerful kingdom of Mukurra.

Central Asia, Middle East, Caucasus:

A wave of Turkoman migrations :eek:  overruns Persia, Central Asia and Caucasus up to the doors of India and Anatolia. Azerbaijan is permanently Turkicized

Far East:

Lamaism and theocracy make their appearance in Tibet. The Taira and Minamoto clans gain much power in Japan.

SE Asia:

The Laos, closely related with the Thais, settle the country they will later give name to, conquering in the process some local petty Mon and Khmer Mandalas (kingdoms).

1000 

Northern Europe:

The king of Norway, Olaf Tryggvason, is defeated and kiled at the naval battle of Svoldeiyar by Sven Forkbeard's Danes, allied with the Swedes; Norway again falls under Danish hegemony

Southern Europe:

Pietro II Orseolo, Doge of Venice, newly defeats the Narentan pirates :D, gaining from basileus Samuel I the title of duke of Dalmatia (and entering into a major quarrel with Croatia on the issue).

ca. 1000 Northern Europe:

Christianization of the Scandinavian peoples. Frisia is made a county of Germany under the Brunoningian dynasty; actually it will develop as an almost anarchic chaos of ecclesiastic possessions and free trading towns.

British Isles:

Galloway is made a possession of the Viking Jarls of the Orkneys.

Western Europe:

The Basques are finally converted to Christianity through the efforts of the kingdom of Navarra.

Byzantine Empire:

The Fatimids raid Anatolia in depth, but can't take Caesarea/Mazhak (*OTL Kayseri) despite a long siege

Caucasus:

The Khanate of Avaristan (inner Daghestan), deproved of Khazar protection and worn out by the incessant struggle with the Muslims of Derbent, is gobbled up by Alania and Iberia/Georgia.

East Africa:

The Hutus, of Bantu stock, settle in the Rwanda-Burundi region.

Black Africa:

The Igbo/Ibo reach their apogee in SE Nigeria; west of the Niger river the Yoruba kingdom of Ife arises.

Middle East:

In Daylam (northern Persia/Iran) the local Justanid rulers are reduced to control only the cities of Rayy and Rudbar by a related Waliist (*”Papist”, followers of the Wali of Derbent, the Sunni “Pope”) clan, the Musafirids of Tarum. Central Asia:

The Islamization of the Turks is completed. In the northern steppes the Dasht-i-Kipchak Khanate arises, breaking into two separate halves the Oghuz/Ouzoi; some flee west (the Ouzoi), some south (the Turkmen/Seljuks :eek: ).

India:

Foundation of the Haihaya dynasty in Dakshin Kosala (modern Chhattisgarh, central India). Far East:

The Khitan/Liao subdue the Merkites of southern central Siberia. Pacific Ocean:

The kingdom of Yap begins to impose its hegemony over Micronesia over trading and religious bases.

Central Hesperia (*OTL America):

The Toltec prophet Quetzalcoatl :cool:, in later times worshipped as the Feathered Snake, says farewell to his disciples and leaves for the Yucatàn. Since then his return will be waited for in Mexico as a major religious event.