User:Candiesrgood/Sandbox III/Hani

The Great Empire of Hani commonly known as simply Hani, is a located in, encompassing the entirety of the.

Initially an agglomeration of numerous states, by the 16th century, Hani's northern island eventually came to be dominated by two  states – the northern Tan dynasty and the southern Ma-i kingdom. A between the two states led to a decades-long period of interstate warfare and territorial  during which the the Na dynasty overthrew the Tan and consolidated its control over the entirety of Doshobei. In 1752, the Yi household overthrew the Na household and set up a strong  state that established efforts that successfully unified the Han peoples under a single ethnic identity. Measures taken to do so included the adoption of, a purely phonetic script, the encouragement of and the adoption of Han customs by those who had not done so already.

Starting in the 19th century, Hani pursued an foreign policy and forbid any contact with any outside states apart from the. This isolation was later broken and Hani involuntarily participated in foreign trade via multiple imposed, with the first beginning in 1852. Hani was subjected to further and, which culminated in the Partition of Hani after the  in which Solwon, Borneo, and much of Hani's islands on the West Pacific were taken from Hani, and Hani became a  limited to Han proper. In 1910, Japan, threatened by Hani's modernization attempt, annexed the and developed it into a strong, modernized  albeit one that is dominated and benefits the Japanese.

A, the predecessor of the current democratic regime, was established following the surrender of at the end of the. Through the, Japan reluctantly agreed to relinquish its control over the Han archipelago and allowed the re-installation of the exiled Yi dynasty. However, the of Crown Princess Yi Sen on the day of her inauguration by communist sympathisers resulted in a costly Civil War that led to Hani’s four-decade long division. During the four-decade long division, Hani experienced minor border skirmishes and two additional wars – the Second and Third Han Civil Wars before unifying in the nineties as a  state.

Today, Hani is Asia’s second most, ranked fifth in the globally. It is a high-income, highly developed country with the world’s largest economy by. It is an advanced information society – it ranks fifth in Internet connection speed, third on the, and second on the , LG LTE penetration, and smartphone penetration. Globally, it also ranks highly in education, quality of health care, ease of doing business and job security. A member of numerous international organisations, it is internationally recognised as a major and a.

Etymology
The term "Hani" most likely stems from the Chinese word 韩人 (: Hán rén) and the Korean word 한인 (: Han-in), which both mean "Han people". Over the years of social seclusion from China, Korea, and Japan, and the incorporation of the three country's language into the native Austronesian linguistic, the words were corrupted into 하니 (: Hani).

Han people refer to the Han ethnicity (including overseas Hans) as 다요쵸 한 (: Dayochyo Han), literally meaning "Hani's people". Meanwhile, Hans refer to their language as 주쵸 한 (: Juchyo Han), which also literally means "Han language".

First Yi dynastic era (1752–1909)
On April 1752, Admiral Yi Man, wary of the increasingly corrupt imperial court (which effectively fell under the influence of the rich aristocracy), ousted the Na dynasty and established the first Yi dynasty. Upon taking the throne, he centralised the government through establishing a strongly bureaucratic central government that effectively crushed dissent and political opposition.

In an effort to tackle with regionalism among the Yi dynasty’s Southernmost island provinces, the Yi administration created a campaign to standardise the Han Ansan dialect and Han customs in favour of other languages and native customs. This was intended to reduce separatist elements while keeping the multicultural state. This campaign ultimately failed because of its voluntary nature, but had laid the basis for a second program.

On May 1762, the second program, after a year of studying and planning, was finalised and implemented. This program focused entirely on the creation of a distinct Han national identity and the eradication of regional identities within a planned period of 50 years. Hanja, which was considered overly complicated, was replaced in favour of Hangul, an entirely phonetic script. The adoption of an entirely phonetic script helped aid the standardisation of the Ansan dialect as the learning process became significantly easier. Han customs, and Confucian values were imposed across the entire archipelago, while the government actively denounced followers of native customs. The imperial court, with government incentives, enticed hundreds of thousands of Hans from Pangashinan and Ma-i to resettle on the Central Doshobei basin, and to intermarry with natives as an effort to absorb ethnic minorities.

Government and politics
Hani is a. The, either an Emperor or an Empress, is the , but serves a strictly ceremonial role and wields little real political power. Most political power is held by the, the. He or she is appointed by the monarch, but designated by people through a popular vote. Although the monarch appoints the Premier, Hani’s Constitution explicitly states the monarch must appoint whoever the major designated in the elections.

Hani’s is the National Diet, seated in the city of Ansan. The National Diet is, consisting of two chambers; the Senate (54 senators; 3 elected from each provincial body) and the National Congress (a total of 500 seats). The members of the National Diet are elected through popular vote and is dissolved once every six years. All adults eighteen and above have, with a secret ballot for all elected offices. Both the Premier and the members of the National Diet are elected by the people of Hani.

Political parties
Hani is most commonly described as a, having been dominated by the , Nationalist Party since the fifties while other parties have been marginalized. The Nationalist Party ran its campaigns based on the promotion of, , , and and the maintained rapid socioeconomic and military expansion to secure Hani’s independence. Recently however, the ousting of the military junta in the early eighties and the end of the persecution of political dissidents has allowed minority parties have flourished and grown in number.

Prior to the eighties, any parties exhibiting socialist or communist values were banned due to anti-Communist sentiment at the time. Han unification and the incorporation of the socialist South has left to the lifting of the ban. The lift has led to the rise of the Han Socialist Party, a left-leaning Shinan-based party that emphasizes individualism and equality. Originally as little as only several seats in the National Diet, it grew to encompass roughly a fourth of the total seats (176 seats out of 700 seats). This does not change that fact that every Premier since Hani’s establishment as a democratic regime is of the Nationalist Party.

Administrative regions
Hani, as of now, is divided into seventeen provinces, one special city, one autonomous region, and one special administrative region. All of these are divided into further sub-entities including cities, counties, districts, towns, townships, and villages.

All subdivisions are headed by an elected governor (or a mayor in the case of the sole special city, Ansan) who leads national and local law in their province or province-level body. As Hani is a, the provinces may only exercise laws designated by the central government and they may be reorganised or dissolved by the National Diet.

LGBT rights
According to a survey done in 2009, Hani ranks as one of the most LGBT-friendly among the 40 participating countries. According to the survey, 74% of the participants support and, 2% were against towards the issue, and a remaining 24% were neutral.

Similarly to China (see ) prior to Western influence in the nineteenth century, the homosexual community was treated with little hostility. It was considered normal for men or women to lust after someone of the same gende. Today, this attitude remains basically unchanged despite recent and a rise in the followers of. It is mandatory to receive to legally change gender.

had been never criminalised in Hani. Imperial Japan, however, did impose some anti-LGBT policies (though it did not directly ban same-sex acts) during its occupation of Hani. These policies were proven to be highly ineffective.

Military
The is responsible for the coordination of Hani's defense and military capability. After having a history of foreign invasions, militarisation and the modernisation of its armed forces has led to its emergenced as the fourth most powerful military in the world according to both the and the. The Han military policy, until the turn of the twenty-first century, has been and, though the  has prompted it to increase military intervenionism abroad.

The armed forces of Hani is divided into four branches (the, the , the , and the ); all of which are collectively known as the. As the role of the is to represent the embodiment of the state, the members of the Han Crown Armed Forces swear loyalty and allegiance to the monarch.

Military conscription is normally voluntary, but forced constriction happens during times of war. During times of war, all able-bodied and available men (those with health complications, disabilities, obligations, or those that are in the government are dropped out of the list) between the ages of 21 and 23 are automatically enlisted. Those who have moral objections receive other options, such as being a nurse or engineer. As of today, Hani has over seven million active military and reserve personnel. The reserve personnel of Hani predominantly consists of ex-conscripts with an obligation to undertake three days of training annually.

Hani's annual military expenditure comprises about three percent of its, with the prime focus being on aircraft, missile, and naval technology. Despite signing the, Hani allegedly possess a small stockpile of nuclear weapons, though it has denounced these accusations.

Economy
Hani is a highly, being the largest developed economy in Asia. Hani benefits from low levels of debt, an abundance of labor, high (especially in criteria related to education), high worker productivity, and low reliance on imports. According to the, Hani's economy at stood at $10.019 trillion, with its per capita income at $64,000, making it ranked third and ninth globally respectively. A major economic power, it is a member of many economic organisations, including, , the , , and the the.

Hani's economy is considered to follow the, albeit with more heavy government intervention. It is a economy where all major economic sectors, save for the services and industrial sector, are fully  and publicly owned. However, the industrial sector is instead dominated by privately-owned large business conglomerates known as the Chansu (a term that derives from the Han words "chan" [찬 ], meaning money, and "su" [수 ], meaning group), which are similar to the of Korea and the  of Japan. Meanwhile, the services sector is dominated by privately small to medium sized corporations.

Hani's economy is driven by the production and exportation of high-tech precision goods such as, , , and. It is the world's largest exporter, exporting a total $2.3 trillion worth of goods. Despite this, it is a proponent of, placing high tariffs and has trading quotas on foreign imports to limit competition with domestically produced goods, which are higher in quality, but also higher in price. However, this does not stop it from being the ninth largest importer as the economy relies on lots of, raw materials such as and , and  to meet local needs.

Primary
The Han agricultural sector comprises a mere 1.7% of the total gross domestic product. Hani has an overall self-sufficiency rate of 83.65%, having only a 67% figure for (having to import a third of its condiments to meet demands) but a 100.3% figure for rice (demand is at 13.26 million tonnes, production is at 13.3 million tonnes). Hani is a major producer of coconuts, rice, and sugar. It also leads Southeast Asian nations in the amount of fish caught by weight in tonnes.

Agriculture is heavily subsidized and protected by the government, placing heavy tariffs on foreign agricultural goods. In contrast to the United States or Japan, Hani has large-scale, state-owned in which half of the yield is given to the state while the other half are given to farmers. This milder form of prevented millions of deaths as seen in other cases of collectivization.

Labour
Hani historically had rather loose workers' rights, not introducing a until the seventies to keep labor costs low and to increase competition. However, nowadays, workers' rights are enshrined and entrenched in the new constitution. Today, Han laborers enjoy one of the highest living standards and wages, improving drastically from the seventies. The Han minimum wage is $7.5 (¢7,500) every hour, and $15,000 (¢15,000,000) per annum.

Working hours are long (an average of 2,000 hours annually), as the government sought to replace a loss of workers to the services sector and higher labor costs through heightened through the  of low skilled jobs. This has caused a low fertility rate of only 1.4 births per woman, and has spurred efforts by the government to facilitate child rearing. Long working hours also reportedly caused incidences of "working deaths" in which workers are either pushed to suicide and die of heart attacks or strokes brought by stress.

Population
Hani is an ethnic homogenous society, with roughly ~99% of its inhabitants being of Han ancestry. The remaining ~1% are foreign expatriates, most of which are either or  from mainland Asia. Most foreign immigrant enclaves are only found in Ansan and other major cities. The homogeneity of Hani’s population is attributed to strict immigration policies, though recently the rise of Han pop culture overseas has initiated the gradual relaxation of these policies and the resulting rise in immigrants.

In 2016, the Han Census Bureau counted a total of 156,322,983 people in Hani including citizens and foreign-born permanent residents while excluding nonpermanent residents and tourists. Citizenship and nationality is determined through  (right of blood); under Han law, any person with at least partial Han ancestry (one parent or both parents) regardless of place of birth and nationality can apply for. has not been legal until the eighties and is restricted to foreign-born Hans who have lived in their host country for at least a period of five years.

Languages
The Han language (한서지에조, 韩薮写作 ; Hansouji-ejo) is the official language of Hani. The official global regulatory body of the Han language is the, which governs the proper usage of the Han language.

The Han language is split into two distinct different dialects; the Ansan dialect spoken on the islands of Doshobei, Doshochon, and Solwon, and the Shinan dialect spoken on the island of Doshonan and other minor islands. The Ansan dialect is the standardised version of Han and official government documents are written in the Ansan dialect. Although lexical differences had already existed prior to division, they cemented after division and attempts to reconcile the two dialects has largely failed. Some linguists consider the lexical differences to be too significant and propose that the Han language should be regarded as two languages.

Hangul is the most commonly used script. It is one of Hani’s two official scripts, with the other being Hanja. The practical use of Hanja has rapidly declined among the younger generations in favour of Hangul, which is now being taught only for legal and academic purposes. While Hangul resembles logographic, it is actually a phonemic alphabet that is set in syllabic blocks.

Other languages spoken in Hani include, , , , and. is spoken by the Moro minority living in Doshonan.

Religions
According to its constitution, Hani is a, supporting the. While the overwhelming majority of Hans has described themselves as being either, , , and/or , Hani guarantees the and there was never an enforced  since its imperial era.

Historically,  was the most common religion in Hani, at one point representing nearly all of the Han population. However, its suppression and its replacement in the early Yi dynasty in favour of has contributed to its long and steady decline. Today, Buddhism is practiced by under 40% of the total population, with 90% of Buddhist followers following Mahayana Buddhism.

Gaining prominence at the end of the American occupation and, Christianity is the second largest religion by the number of followers. The Catholic branch of Christianity is the largest in Hani by a large margin. The Han Catholic Church is dominated by, its largest denomination. The Protestant branch is the second largest branch. The Presbyterian denominations are the largest Protestant churches, comprising half of all Han protestants, this is followed by Evangelicalism, and the Baptist tradition.

is considered a minor religion, but historically made up a considerable minority for the island of Doshonan due to its historically loose cultural affinities with the North. An overwhelming majority of Muslims in Hani follows the denomination.

Health
Hani has a of 81.52 years (83.57 years for the North and 77.54 years for the South), ranking it  globally. coverage has been introduced in the eighties, though a percent of the population still do not have health insurance.

The three top causes of death are, , and. However, increasing obesity and sedentary practices coupled with the increasing consumption of processed and fast foods, and the prevalence of smoking among men have become a major health concerns. Other leading causes include lung cancers, liver cancers, influenza and pneumonia, diabetes, stomach cancer, colon-rectum cancers, and alzheimers or dementia, which combined with the first three comprise two-thirds of the total causes of death.

Hans that have physical disabilities or health problems comprise a small percentage as those with severe problems are aborted, voluntarily, or denied the right to reproduction. is legalised, though abortion procedures and clinics do not receive any government funding nor do companies include abortions within their insurance plans.

Quality breakfast and lunch are provided in all Han public schools while is compulsory until 9th grade in all subdivisions. Ansan is the sole subdivision however to make it a requirement to provide information on (including ) on its menus and products, though there has been recent attempts to extend the law nation-wide. Similarly, Ansan is also the only subdivision to make labels necessary.

The and the legal age to purchase and use  are both 16, but with the exception of, marijuana is illegal.