19th Century (Mughal Glory)

Pondicherry Purchase
Napoleon, needing money for the war effort, sold Pondicherry and all other French settlements to Hindustan in 1802 in the Pondicherry Purchase.

Battle of Calais
British troops invaded France in 1813. Napoleon's troops met them in Calais. However, this battle turned in the favour of the British and Napoleon was slaughtered in the battle. This battle ended the Napoleonic War. The Anglo-American War was turning out to be indecisive and, to be victorious in this war, troops were sent to British North America.

Anglo-American War
These troops occupied much of the United States, but Britain knew what would occur if they had a colony with resentful population. In the peace treaty, all of the former French colony of Louisiana north of the 42nd parallel was given to Britain. This secession lead to America becoming more expansionist. This would play a role in the Mexican-American War.

Aftermath
Britain reestablished the Holy Roman Empire, but it quickly broke apart after Prussian and Austrian rivalries. All of the small German states either allied with Austria or Prussia as both attempted to establish Deustchland, or Germany. The small German states, realizing what was occurring, broke away from their alliance by 1820 and formed Deutchland. This Deutchland was quickly invaded by 1822 by both Prussia and Austria in the First German War. However, soon after this, Prussia and Austria declared war on each other in the Second German War. By 1824, Prussia had annexed Austria and established Deutchland.

In France, however, the Bourbon monarchy was restored. The Bourbon Restoration was then overthrown by a descendant of Napoleon, Napoleon II. He established the July Monarchy and this was also overthrown in the Post-Napoleon Anarchy.

Mexican-American War
A dispute over Texan independence led to the Mexican-American War. In proof of American strength, all of Mexico was occupied by the United States. Territory north of New Mexico was considered to already be part of the US, but part of the Louisiana Territory was given to Britain. The US wanted to regain this lost area. The Baja California peninsula and all Mexican land north of a horizontal line extending from Baja California was given to the US. However, in a shock for the Southern states, this land joined as two free states free of abolition. This led to an anti-slavery Republican, John Fremont, to win the American election in 1856. This then led to several American slave states being angered at their underrepresentation.

Confederate Revolutionary War
This war, fought from 1856-1859 between the pro-slavery Confederate States of America and the abolitionist United States of America, was a Confederate victory at the beginning. Despite the US having so many strategic advantages, the incompetent President of the US had unfortunately lost to the good commanding of Robert Lee. In the Treaty of Washington after the war, however, northern Virginia remained part of the US.

Africa
In the African-American settled nation of Liberia, a steady stream of escaped slaves from the CSA came. This stream only increased with time. These people, wanting to regain their links with the USA, rejoined the motherland as a territory in 1862.

Beginning
China was, at the time, suffering from its Century of Humiliation. However, Tibet was under a lot of Chinese influence. Hindustan, wary of Chinese influence, declared was on China in 1866.

War
The war went overwhelmingly in Hindustan's favour as troops from areas with similar climates to Tibet were conscripted. By 1868, the Chinese were forced out of Tibet.

Aftermath
The war destroyed Chinese dominion and caused China to fall further into the Century of Humiliation, with China being brought to its knees from foreign powers by 1900.

Riel's Rebellion
Louis Riel, a half-First Nation and half-French person living in land ruled by the Hudson's Bay Company, felt that he was underrepresented by a company. Wanting the territory to be represented by a representative government, he petitioned several times in 1871 for the formation of a colony near the Red River. His petitions were all blocked. In the following year, he declared a representative government at Red River. This led to the company to send their mercenaries to reclaim Red River. The company, after realizing that owning so much land was a pain on them, requested the British government to federalize all of their land south of the 56th parallel. In 1873, this land was made into the Colony of Assiniboia, a colony with a representative government. Riel was quickly elected as premier.

Confederation
The Premier of the Colony of Canada, John A. Macdonald, wanted to create a dominion of the British Empire. Riel also wanted to create one, and their senators of their representative governments went into talks for Confederation, with British Columbia also wanting to join. In 1875, in the Confederation Conference, the Articles of Confederation were created. However, one dispute was over the name. Macdonald wanted the confederation to be named Canada. However, almost everyone, even most senators in Canada, disagreed with this. Riel put up the name Borealia. This was agreed with and in the British North America Act, 1877, the Dominion of Borealia was formed, with Riel elected as Prime Minister and consisting of the provinces of Assiniboia, British Columbia, Canada (consisting of Anglophone Canada), and Quebec (consisting of Francophone Canada). In future years, the remaining land owned by the Hudson's Bay Company was bought and, gradually, Borealia gained more and more autonomy, gaining complete independence in the Statue of Westminster, 1931 and becoming a republic in 1977.

Stable France
By 1880, France finally stabilized and became a republic. This new France looked at Africa to colonize. This began the Scramble for Africa. However, German dominance over France was retained in this era.

Beginning
The Scramble for Africa began with the new French Republic conquering the coast of Morocco in 1881. Spain began to colonize Morocco as well. Germany, Italy, and Belgium, wanting a colonial empire, began to colonize Africa in 1885. By 1890, most of Africa was carved into either German, Italian, Belgian, British, French, or American colonies, with only Ethiopia independent. The largest colonial empire was Britain, reaching from Cape Town to Cairo, followed by France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, and USA.

Stability
However, although there were lots of wars against Africans, there were few wars against each other. This is because all powers decided not to fight with their similar rivals as it could cause their downfall, with several conferences being made, splitting Africa into spheres of influence. The only boundary change after 1890 was Sierra Leone being purchased by the USA.

Hindustani Reform Period
Main Article: Hindustani Reform Period

Democratization of Hindustan
In Hindustan, the emperor had gradually lost power and the diwan had gained that power. However, a series of protests in 1897 led by lawyer Mohandas Gandhi resulted in elections for the Diwan of India in 1898. Motilal Nehru, a Hindu, won the first election, becoming the first elected Diwan in Indian history.

Lok Sabha Establishment
In that same year, Nehru established the Lok Sabha, meaning the House of the People. This is most like the House of Representatives in the US and CS.