Kingdom of Bohemia (Premysloides Dynasty)

Background
While most of Holy Roman Empire was composed by German or Italian-speaking duchies, counties and kingdoms, Bohemia was largest and unified slavic realm within HRE under rule of Premyslid dynasty since 8th Century, when it was only duchy.

In 1212, Frederick II. written "Golden Bully of Sicily" that elevated duchy to hereditary kingdom under Premyslid dynasty based on agnatic primogeniture. By middle of 13th Century, succession crisis happend as all heirs of throne, except Roman Emperor Romanos, died and Romanos father, rulling Bohemian king Wenceslau was weak and terribly ill.

When Wencelaus died, Frederick called Romanos to solve situation, when regency council took power over Kingdom of Bohemia and summoned estates to choose new king, because they did not accepted Orthodox ruler. On other hand, other estates faction declared loyalty to Emperor Romanos and elevated him to Kingdom Throne.

Romanos rule
Romanos very frequently visited his motherland and was active in many issues, initiated radical political and economic reforms improving position of cities against landlords and aristocracy. Romanos reforms was targeted to dismantle old feudal system and replace it with imperial system.

Kingdom of Bohemia had very privileged position among imperial provinces. Bohemia using title of kingdom, while all other imperial provinces had to revoke their titles (Banate of Bosnia became Province of Bosnia, Serbian kingdom became South Slavic province and others).

Society, economy and military
Society, economy and military section must be split in two. In Romanos rule and to post-Romanos rule.

Societal, economical and military impact of Romanos rule was massive. Levies and aristocratic retinues were disbanded and replaced by imperial garrison, corvée and serfdom was abolished, aristrocratic titles were abolished, aristocratic local self-rule was replaced by elite Roman bureaucracy.

Land and economical reforms boosted Bohemian economy, especially in Silesia, where Roman engineers opened many new coal and iron mines. Land reform led to dramatic increase of agricultural output. Agricultural growth rate during short imperial rule was about 20% per year, while after imperial rule collapse, agriculture will decrease by 2,5% per year from 1269 to 1327. From 1265 to 1369, agriculture output of all goods (meat, vegatables, cereales) increased from 350,000 tonns to 725,000 tonns and Bohemia was major food exporter in Central Europe. In 1327, food production in Bohemia will be only 166,000 tonns and only massive emigration prevented wide-scale famine. Food production per capita decreased from 0.48 tonn to 0.18 tonn.

In societal sphere, overthrew of Imperial rule was followed by brutal recatholicism, anti-Orthodox campaign, reign of terror and murders against liberated serfs and guilds supporting imperial rule. Last wave of refugees from Bohemia ended in 1327 when king Vok fortified borders and punished by death anyone who want leave his realm.