Luxembourg Revolution of 1920 (Agadir War)

The Luxembourg Revolution of 1920 was a conflict that lasted between January 1920 and July 1920, and was fought between republicans and loyalists.

It was started when the public opinion of the monarchy, and more specifically Marie-Adelaide, the then Grand Duchess, dropped considerably after she was perceived pro-German.

In March of 1920, Marie-Adelaide abdicated in favour of her sister, Charlotte at the advice of Leon Kauffman, the prime minster. Ultimately, the damage had been done, and on the 1st of September, 1920, the Grand Duchy was abolished in favour of a Republic, which still stands today. The Grand Duchess went into exile in France, and formed a government-in-exile.

Since the Revolution, the monarchy has tried to return through referendums, in 1953, 1980 and most recently, 2013. The 2013 referendum showed that 41.8% of Luxembourgers were in favour of a restoration of a monarchy.