Kingdom of England (The Cavalry Turn)

The Kingdom of England was a sovereign state on the island of Great Britain from the 10th century—when it emerged from various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms—until 1707, when it united with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain.

In the early 11th century the, united by (r. 927–939), became part of the  of , a personal union between England, Denmark and Norway. The of England in 1066 led to the transfer of the English capital city and chief royal residence from the Anglo-Saxon one at  to, and the City of London quickly established itself as England's largest and principal commercial centre.

Histories of the kingdom of England from the Norman conquest of 1066 conventionally distinguish periods named after successive ruling dynasties: 1066–1154,  1154–1485,  1485–1603 and Stuart 1603–1714. Dynastically, all English monarchs after 1066 ultimately claim descent from the Normans; the distinction of the Plantagenets is merely conventional, beginning with (reigned 1154-1189) as from that time, the Angevin kings became "more English in nature"; the houses of  and  are both Plantagenet cadet branches, the Tudor dynasty claimed descent from  via  and  of the House of Stuart claimed descent from  via.

The completion of the conquest of Wales by in 1284 put Wales under the control of the English crown. Edward III (reigned 1327–1377) transformed the Kingdom of England into one of the most formidable military powers in Europe; his reign also saw vital developments in legislation and government—in particular the evolution of the English parliament. From the 1340s the kings of England also laid claim to the crown of France, but after the and the outbreak of the  in 1455, the English were no longer in any position to pursue their French claims and lost all their land on the continent, except for. After the turmoils of the Wars of the Roses, the Tudor dynasty ruled during the English Renaissance and again extended English monarchical power beyond England proper, achieving the full union of England and the Principality of Wales in 1542. oversaw the, and his daughter (reigned 1558–1603) the Elizabethan Religious Settlement, meanwhile establishing England as a great power and laying the foundations of the British Empire by claiming possessions in the New World.

From the accession of James I in 1603, the Stuart dynasty ruled England in personal union with Scotland and Ireland. Under the Stuarts, the kingdom plunged into civil war, which culminated in the permanent dissolution of Parliament and the establishment of an absolute monarchy that would rule England, and later Great Britain, until the revolution of 1792.