User:Candiesrgood/Sandbox III/Hani

The Great Empire of Hani commonly known as simply Hani, is a located in, encompassing the entirety of the.

Initially an agglomeration of numerous states, by the 16th century, Hani's northern island eventually came to be dominated by two  states – the northern Tan dynasty and the southern Ma-i kingdom. A between the two states led to a decades-long period of interstate warfare and territorial  during which the the Na dynasty overthrew the Tan and consolidated its control over the entirety of Doshobei. In 1752, the Yi household overthrew the Na household and set up a strong  state that established efforts that successfully unified the Han peoples under a single ethnic identity. Measures taken to do so included the adoption of, a purely phonetic script, the encouragement of and the adoption of Han customs by those who had not done so already.

Starting in the 19th century, Hani pursued an foreign policy and forbid any contact with any outside states apart from the. This isolation was later broken and Hani involuntarily participated in foreign trade via multiple imposed, with the first beginning in 1852. Hani was subjected to further and, which culminated in the Partition of Hani after the  in which Solwon, Borneo, and much of Hani's islands on the West Pacific were taken from Hani, and Hani became a  limited to Han proper. In 1910, Japan, threatened by Hani's modernization attempt, annexed the and developed it into a strong, modernized  albeit one that is dominated and benefits the Japanese.

A, the predecessor of the current democratic regime, was established following the surrender of at the end of the. Through the, Japan reluctantly agreed to relinquish its control over the Han archipelago and allowed the re-installation of the exiled Yi dynasty. However, the of Crown Princess Yi Sen on the day of her inauguration by communist sympathisers resulted in a costly Civil War that led to Hani’s four-decade long division. During the four-decade long division, Hani experienced minor border skirmishes and two additional wars – the Second and Third Han Civil Wars before unifying in the nineties as a  state.

Today, Hani is Asia’s second most, ranked fifth in the globally. It is a high-income, highly developed country with the world’s largest economy by. It is an advanced information society – it ranks fifth in Internet connection speed, third on the, and second on the , LG LTE penetration, and smartphone penetration. Globally, it also ranks highly in education, quality of health care, ease of doing business and job security. A member of numerous international organisations, it is internationally recognised as a major and a.

Etymology
The term "Hani" most likely stems from the Chinese word 韩人 (: Hán rén) and the Korean word 한인 (: Han-in), which both mean "Han people". Over the years of social seclusion from China, Korea, and Japan, and the incorporation of the three country's language into the native Austronesian linguistic, the words were corrupted into 하니 (: Hani).

Han people refer to the Han ethnicity (including overseas Hans) as 다요쵸 한 (: Dayochyo Han), literally meaning "Hani's people". Meanwhile, Hans refer to their language as 주쵸 한 (: Juchyo Han), which also literally means "Han language".

First Yi dynastic era (1752–1909)
On April 1752, Admiral Yi Man, wary of the increasingly corrupt imperial court (which effectively fell under the influence of the rich aristocracy), ousted the Na dynasty and established the first Yi dynasty. Upon taking the throne, he centralised the government through establishing a strongly bureaucratic central government that effectively crushed dissent and political opposition.

In an effort to tackle with regionalism among the Yi dynasty’s Southernmost island provinces, the Yi administration created a campaign to standardise the Han Ansan dialect and Han customs in favour of other languages and native customs. This was intended to reduce separatist elements while keeping the multicultural state. This campaign ultimately failed because of its voluntary nature, but had laid the basis for a second program.

On May 1762, the second program, after a year of studying and planning, was finalised and implemented. This program focused entirely on the creation of a distinct Han national identity and the eradication of regional identities within a planned period of 50 years. Hanja, which was considered overly complicated, was replaced in favour of Hangul, an entirely phonetic script. The adoption of an entirely phonetic script helped aid the standardisation of the Ansan dialect as the learning process became significantly easier. Han customs, and Confucian values were imposed across the entire archipelago, while the government actively denounced followers of native customs. The imperial court, with government incentives, enticed hundreds of thousands of Hans from Pangashinan and Ma-i to resettle on the Central Doshobei basin, and to intermarry with natives as an effort to absorb ethnic minorities.

Government and politics
Hani is a. The, either an Emperor or an Empress, is the , but serves a strictly ceremonial role and wields little real political power. Most political power is held by the, the. He or she is appointed by the monarch, but designated by people through a popular vote. Although the monarch appoints the Premier, Hani’s Constitution explicitly states the monarch must appoint whoever the major designated in the elections.

Hani’s is the National Diet, seated in the city of Ansan. The National Diet is, consisting of two chambers; the Senate (54 senators; 3 elected from each provincial body) and the National Congress (a total of 500 seats). The members of the National Diet are elected through popular vote and is dissolved once every six years. All adults eighteen and above have, with a secret ballot for all elected offices. Both the Premier and the members of the National Diet are elected by the people of Hani.

Political parties
Hani is most commonly described as a, having been dominated by the , Nationalist Party since the fifties while other parties have been marginalized. The Nationalist Party ran its campaigns based on the promotion of, , , and and the maintained rapid socioeconomic and military expansion to secure Hani’s independence. Recently however, the ousting of the military junta in the early eighties and the end of the persecution of political dissidents has allowed minority parties have flourished and grown in number.

Prior to the eighties, any parties exhibiting socialist or communist values were banned due to anti-Communist sentiment at the time. Han unification and the incorporation of the socialist South has left to the lifting of the ban. The lift has led to the rise of the Han Socialist Party, a left-leaning Shinan-based party that emphasizes individualism and equality. Originally as little as only several seats in the National Diet, it grew to encompass roughly a fourth of the total seats (176 seats out of 700 seats). This does not change that fact that every Premier since Hani’s establishment as a democratic regime is of the Nationalist Party.

Administrative regions
Hani, as of now, is divided into seventeen provinces, one special city, one autonomous region, and one special administrative region. All of these are divided into further sub-entities including cities, counties, districts, towns, townships, and villages.

All subdivisions are headed by an elected governor (or a mayor in the case of the sole special city, Ansan) who leads national and local law in their province or province-level body. As Hani is a, the provinces may only exercise laws designated by the central government and they may be reorganised or dissolved by the National Diet.

Military
The is responsible for the coordination of Hani's defense and military capability. After having a history of foreign invasions, militarisation and the modernisation of its armed forces has led to its emergenced as the fourth most powerful military in the world according to both the and the. The Han military policy, until the turn of the twenty-first century, has been and, though the  has prompted it to increase military intervenionism abroad.

The armed forces of Hani is divided into four branches (the, the , the , and the ); all of which are collectively known as the. As the role of the is to represent the embodiment of the state, the members of the Han Crown Armed Forces swear loyalty and allegiance to the monarch.

Military conscription is normally voluntary, but forced constriction happens during times of war. During times of war, all able-bodied and available men (those with health complications, disabilities, obligations, or those that are in the government are dropped out of the list) between the ages of 21 and 23 are automatically enlisted. Those who have moral objections receive other options, such as being a nurse or engineer. As of today, Hani has over seven million active military and reserve personnel. The reserve personnel of Hani predominantly consists of ex-conscripts with an obligation to undertake three days of training annually.

Hani's annual military expenditure comprises about three percent of its, with the prime focus being on aircraft, missile, and naval technology. Despite signing the, Hani allegedly possess a small stockpile of nuclear weapons, though it has denounced these accusations.

Economy
Hani is a highly, the second largest in the world. According to estimates from the, Hani's economy at stood at $8.124 trillion, while its per capita income at $46,159.09, ranking third and ninth globally respectively. A major economic power, it is a member of many economic organisations, including, , the , , and the the.

Hani's economy is considered to follow the. It is a economy where all major economic sectors (e.g., the banking sector), save for the services and industrial sector, are fully  and publicly owned. However, the industrial sector is instead dominated by privately-owned large business conglomerates known as the chansu, which are similar to the of Korea and the  of Japan. Meanwhile, the services sector is dominated by privately small to medium sized corporations.

Hani's economy is driven by the production and exportation of high-tech precision goods such as, , , and. It is the world's largest exporter, exporting a total $2.3 trillion worth of goods. Despite this, it is a proponent of, placing high tariffs and has trading quotas on foreign imports to limit competition with domestically produced goods, which are higher in quality, but also higher in price. However, this does not stop it from being the ninth largest importer as the economy relies on lots of, raw materials such as and , and  to meet local needs.

Labour
Workers' rights are both enshrined and entrenched in the, and as a result, Han labourers enjoy one of the highest working standards and wages. The Han is at $7.5 every hour, and $15,000 annually, and with the exception of, receive benefits that include  and subsidised  for their children (if they have any).

are traditionally long; an excess of more than 1,800 hours annually (or 8 hours a day), with the working week being from Monday to Friday. This long working time is a result of the government's attempt to compromise increased labor costs through heightened and the  of low skilled jobs.

This long working time however has reportedly caused incidences of deaths in which workers were pushed to suicide or heart attacks/strokes brought my stress. It is also largely responsible for the country's low birth rate, prompting the government to introduce efforts to facilitate child rearing.

Population
In 2016, the counted a total of 176 million people in Hani, a figure that includes  and, but excludes  (defined as those who have lived in Han for under a year) and.

Hani is an society with 99% of Hans being of Han ethnicity. The remaining 1% are ; most of which are either or  from mainland Asia. The largest foreign immigrant enclaves are only found in and the rest are dispersed among Hani's other major cities. The consistency of the population is attributed to strict immigration policies, though recently the rise of overseas has initiated the relaxation of these policies and the resulting rise in immigrants.

and are determined through  (right of blood); under Han law, any person with at least one  of Han ancestry, regardless of place of birth and nationality can apply for citizenship. Introduced in the eighties, is restricted to foreign-born Hans that has lived in their host country for at least five years.

Languages
The is the  of Hani, with 99.2% of Hans having the ability to speak and write in said language fluently. The official global regulatory body of the Han language is the, which governs the proper usage of the Han language.

, is meanwhile the most commonly used script. It is one of Hani’s two, with the other being. The practical use of Hanja has rapidly declined among the younger generations in favour of Hangul. While Hangul resembles (like the ), it is actually a  that is set in syllabic blocks.

Other languages spoken in Hani that have a sizeable amount of native speakers are, , , , and , all spoken by mostly. While the learning of is mandatory in all public schools, only half of Hans have the ability to speak basic, conversational English.

Religion
According to its constitution, Hani is a, being supportive of the doctrine. Hani guarantees the and ever since the end of its pre-modern era, never had an official.

is the most practiced religion (39.2%), having been introduced by missionaries from China and Korea. The most common branch of Buddhism is  (with the most practiced sect of it being ), practiced by over 90% of the Buddhist population. Other practiced branches are  and.

(17.8%), which has gained prominence at the end of the American occupation and, is the second largest religion determined by the number of followers. The branch of Christianity is the largest, with the largest denomination being. The Protestant branch is the second largest branch. The denominations are the largest Protestant churches, followed by, and the.

The overwhelming majority of Hans has described themselves as being either, , , and/or (43%). However, despite this and rigorous, Han culture remains heavily influenced by traditional religions such as and. While it is not a religion, Han culture seems to also centre on concepts (e.g., and ) stemming from.

Health
Hani has, devoting 10% of its national budget on healthcare expenditures. Han medical facilities are equipped with advance medical equipment; ranked fourth for units per capita, sixth for  per capita, and  per capita at 9.56 beds per 1,000 people. Since the fifties has risen rapidly and today, Hani ranks 15th for life expectancy. However, Hani has a number of health concerns such as the impact of environmental pollution on an urbanised population, a male smoking rate of 45% and one of the highest suicide rates in the developed world at 29.1 per 100,000.

The three top causes of death are, , and. However, increasing obesity and sedentary practices coupled with the increasing consumption of processed and fast foods, and the prevalence of smoking among men have become a major health concerns. Other leading causes include lung cancers, liver cancers, influenza and pneumonia, diabetes, stomach cancer, colon-rectum cancers, and alzheimers or dementia, which combined with the first three comprise two-thirds of the total causes of death.

Quality breakfast and lunch are provided in all Han public schools while is compulsory until 9th grade in all subdivisions. Ansan is the sole subdivision however to make it a requirement to provide information on (including ) on its menus and products, though there has been recent attempts to extend the law nation-wide. Similarly, Ansan is also the only subdivision to make labels necessary.

The and the legal age to purchase and use  are both 16, but  is only legalised for medical usage. is legalised, though abortion procedures and clinics do not receive any government funding nor do companies include abortions within their insurance plans. is illegal.

Cuisine
Han cuisine, which is described as outwardly simple but rich in taste, is strongly, borrowing heavily from (particularly the regional  and ), but also incorporating , , , and. Han cuisine emphasizes the freshness of ingredients (typically picked at the height of its quality), the balance of flavor between condiments and other components, and the texture of the dish.

, as with many other Asian cultures, enjoys status as the staple grain and make up the basis of a Han diet. ,, , and are the most used meats, but Han cuisine encompasses almost all edible meats, readily making use of , , , , and. such as, , and are frequently consumed raw and are rarely added into dishes, while  are typically boiled.

Condiments are used lightly and sparingly, as to not overwhelm other flavors. However, a notable exception is garlic, which is used heavily in dishes that utilize internal organs (such as entrails) to mask the otherwise unpleasant odor. The primary condiments (excluding spikes) include spring onion, sugar, salt, soy sauce, rice wine, corn starch, vinegar, scallion oil, and sesame oil. Meanwhile, the spices used are primarily ginger, chili peppers, five-spice powder, powdered black pepper, star anise. With the exception of garlic and coriander (with the latter being used merely as garnish), there is little to no usage of herbs in Han cuisine.

The most favored method of cooking is or. ,, meats play a central place in their repertoire, with most  being delicacies. Other cooking methods are, , and.

Dining etiquette
Eating is considered an important social activity that reinforces relations between the community. Eating is typically led by a host or hostess (or occasionally, multiple hosts), who are either the main cooker of the meals or the leader of the household. The youngest and eldest usually receive the first dish.

Chopsticks are the primary eating utensils, used to pick pieces of meat, vegetable, and rice. When consuming soups, a Chinese-style spoon is used to scoop the liquid contents while the solid contents are still picked up with the use of chopsticks. A knife is sometimes used to handle tough meats. Eating without the use of utensils is considered very rude and uncivil, other unacceptable acts include chewing with one's mouth open, reaching over the table to get a dish, and taking food from another person's plate.

including, , and typically start a meal along with tea. These dishes work as an or to balance the strength of the. To conclude meals, sweets such as and  are consumed.