Democratic Spanish Empire

The signing of the Declaration of Democracy by The Kingdom of Castille would change the Spain influence in history and it's offspring nations. These nations would inherit a strong sense of Democracy and would play huge roles in international conflicts.

La Declaracion De Democracia
From the 700's- 1400's Spain would fight the Reconquista to expell the Muslims from Spain. These wars draining the Spanish treasury. Almost a century after the signing of the Magna Carta in England, Nobles would press for the Kingdom of Castille to allow more Democracy which the Kind would sign begining the Senate of Castille to limit the power of the Monarch. When Castill and Aragon would be united to form ,Spain the Senate would be changed to the El Senado de Espana ( The Senate of Spain)

Empire of Spain & War of Succession
In 1492 Christopher Colombus funded by Spain's crown discovered the Americas. In 1519 Hernan Cortes campagned in present day Mexico. He conquered the Aztec empire, with better armor and weapondry. In 1532 Francisco Pizarro would conquer the Incas in present day peru. Through the 15th,16th, century spain would gain present day south west America, Mexico, Central America, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Western South America, also the Philipines in the Pacific.

But from 1701 Spain had no heir to the crown. The closest relate was son of the French King, this caused friction because Europe knew that if Spain and France's kingdom's where both from the same family if they allied the balance of power in Europe would be heavily uneven. This caused a war in Europe with France and Spain against Great Britian, Dutch, Prussia, and Portugal. At the end of the war it settled that Philip V could become the king if all French territories in Canada, were given to the British.

Revolution in The Americas
In 1775 The Battle of Lexington and Concord was fought. This would spark the American Revolutionary War. American Colonist were fighting for independence against Great Britain. Colonist in the Spanish empire began to sympathize with the revolutionist especially after the Declaration of Independence was signed by the American colonist. A year later in 1777 revolutionairs in Puebla just outside of Mexico City, fought and defeated the Spainiards.This ignited revolutions through Latin America. Central America, Gran Colombia, and Peru all declare independence on 1777, Chile, Argentina, Bolivia, and Uraguay declared indepence in 1778. In 1779 Brazil and Paraguay declare independence.

American Colonist signed a treaty with Mexico, Central America, and Gran Colombia. These would aid each other in their fights against the European monarchies. In the wake of the revolutions Spain, and Great Britain sign the Treaty of Leon to support each other against their revolutions, this treaty would help the Anglo-Spanish relation, with Brazil also rebelling Portugal also aided against their invasion.

The Wars in America would drag out with heavy losses. The European monarchs had much better armies and equipment and had the upper hand, even with the unity of the American revolutionists. Benjamin Franklin from American appealed to France and Russia to aid against the English, Spanish and Portuguese. These European nations waited to see how the Revolutionist were doing.

In 1779 American backed by Mexican forces beat the British at Saratoga and Mexican forces would take the capita, Mexico City. These 2 decisive battles convinced France and Russia to aid the revolutionist. France helped the Americans beat the British at the Battle of York in 1781, the last major battle of the American Revolution and the final blow to the British effort. Russian forces helped Mexican forces expel the Spanish from Veracruz. From there on American and Mexican forces would aid other revolutions in Central and South America and by 1985 European powers were expelled from the Americas except for Canada in North America, and Cuba and Puerto Rico by Spain. The Treaty of Paris was signed between the Monarchs of Britain, Spain, and Portugal to the Americans revolutionists granting their independence

Results of The Revolutions of The Americas
The biggest result was the reduction of both the British, Portuguese,and especially the Spanish empires. Britain still had Canada, Australia, and India. Portugal had very few over sea colonies. Spain only had The Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico. Even with that, this war marked the first time in history that Britain and Spain worked together and it would start the improvement of their relation including Portugal.

Another big result was the birth of so many new nations. The new nations included The United States of America, Mexico, Federal Republic of Central America ( later renamed El Salvador, because the conflicting name with the U.S.), Gran Colombia, Peru, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Argentina. These countries, especially the U.S. and Mexico kept good ties until the mid 1800's.

The French Revolution & Napoleonic Wars
France's involvement in The Revolutionary War didn't come with out a prices decades of warfare started to lash back as the economy of France and France began to slip. The King also repressed it's peolpe until 1789 where the French Revolution began it would last until 1799. The Revolution would begin a Reign of Terror in France by the new government and many people would be sent to death by the newly invented guillotine under the new leader Maximillien Robespierre.

The First Coalition & The Rise of Napoleon
With the Revolution in France becoming more and more radical and violate the nations of Europe decided to intervein. This would form the first coalition starting in 1793-1797. The main 3 involved in the conflict were Great Britain, The Holy Roman Emire, and Prussia, other nations, including, Portugal, Naples, and Italy helped as well, Spain decided to maintain neutrality. At first the Coalition had the upper had but The French were well trained. The combined forces tried to take all of France but rance managed to repel the invasion. By 1797 France had gained the Netherlands, Belgium, The Rhineland,Italy and an Invasion of Austria caused Austria to sue for peace ending the First coalition.

In 1799 Napoleon was named sole dictator of France. Napoleon had been a hero for the French People and was able to stage a coup d'etate to become sole dictator. At the same time though European monarchs were forming another Coalition.

The Second Coalition
After Napoleon was made dictator, Great Britain organized another coalition. The Holy Roman Empire had collapse after the first coalition, and Prussia had signed an Armistice with France, so both didn't take part in the Second Coalition. Instead Great Britain, Austria, and Russia, made the 3 main combatants, while Spain, and Portugal aided the Coalition minorly.

The Second Coalition managed well at the start. Britain managed to keep naval supreriority over France. Austria invaded Naples and French troops fleed north to Italy. Russia then invaded into the Central Europe against French client States. Napoleon quickly took charge of the army. French troops in Italy retook Naples from Austria and moved north and meet the Russian army. This caused hge battles to occur but the French army repeled the Russian invasions and eventual made them flee past Prussia back into Russia. French troops then invaded Austria, Austrian army was crushed by the French, and soon Vienna was taken. This ended the Second coalition.

Austria had to sign a full treaty with France, that stated they were not alowed to fight against the France. Russia, experienced a horrible defeat and retreat. Only Great Britain managed to exit the war unharmed.

The Third Coalition
Britain allied itself with Russia to help an invasion of France again. But Austria was bond by it's Treaty and didn't participate. Instead, Britain went to Spain for aid, and Spain agreed. The main combatants of this Coalition, were Britain, Russia, and Spain, Portugal,and Sweden gave minor help as well.The war began in 1803 with Spain invading Naples and moving north to Italy. Russia with small Swedish support invade the New created confederation of the Rhine. British and French navies fought for suppoirity over the English canals.

France quickly reacted by leading an invasion of Spain. This caused Spain to withdraw from Italy, and to defend it's homeland. French soldiers easily took Madrid and Spain surrendered in 1805, and France then turned the bulk of it's armies against Russia, and dealth then a humilitating defeat. By 1806 Both Spain and Russia surrendered and Britain stops it naval battles for a short period of peace.

The Fourth Coalition & The Collapse of Spain
With the defeat of Russia and Austria, Prussia began to fear that France was gain to much power in central Europe. Prussia, who had been neutral since the First coalition, organized a coalition. It allied with Russia, and soon Great Britain joined and allied with Spain. The plan was to invade France from both the West and East and crush it between the opposing forces.

The war began in late 1806 with Spain invading southern France. Britain planned to invade France but was intercepted by a French fleet, these would cause another series of dog fights for The English Channel. Russian and Prussian forces again invade the Confederation of the Rhine and manage to make huge gains. On the Western front though without English aid Spanish forces are outnumbered by French and soon chased back into Spain. French armies reached Madrid, King Charle IV abdictated the throne and his son Ferdinand VII, resumed but had to flee with the Spanish army into Portugal. Joseph I Bonaparte was set as the king of Spain by Napoleon. The french army met the Russian and Prussian forces at Saxony. They a bloody battle insued but France won and Marched to Prussia and took the capital and occupied the region. Russia signed a Treaty with Napoleon and in 1809 that would end the coalition

Eventhough Spain had collapse Ferdinand would lead small guerilla wars with Portugese, and British aid, against the French Monarch, and this would cause Napoleon to constantly keep French soldiers to put down revoluts

The Fifth Coalition & The War of 1812
With both Prussia, occupied by French soliders, and Russia bond by an armistice, this would lead France to grow in Central Europe uncheck. Great Britain tried to get Prussia and Russia to invade again but both disagreed, especially after France signed a Treaty with Russia for it to aid each other in war.

With these alliances together Britain went to Austria and the Ottoman Empire to buid another coalition, Ottoman agreed, and Austria agreed after persuasion. In 1810 Austria invaded northern Italy. Britain managed to make a landing in Normandy and invaded. Ottoman Turks aided Austria in their campaign.

Of all the Coalitions this one was put down easily, French even though station in Spain expelled the British from France. Austria met French resistance and was pushed all the way back to Vienna were a treaty was signed an French troops occupied Vienna. Ottoman Empire was invaded by the ally Russia and was forced to retreat. After this would begin another dog fight of the English Channel so that France could invade and take over England, but it failed.

In America the war of 1812 would begin between The U.S. and Great Britain, Mexico, would aid America, and Canada helped Great Britain. the war ended in a stalemate and never really made a difference in either country.

The Sixth Coalition & The 100 days
By 1812 Napoleon had all of Europe either under his control or allied. He tried but with no avail to invade Britain. The French army was beginning to were thin with constant revolts in Spain and Italy. In 1812 though he would break his alliance with Russia and invade. 650,000 French soldiers invaded Russia, it started well, but soon the winter brought the campaign to a grinding halt. The Russians had practiced scorch earth policy so that the French would have no food or resources to use. This caused a devastating retreat. Along the way Austria and Prussia seeing the weaken Emperor invaded the army as well. by 1813 Napoleon return to Paris with only 200,000 men less then half of what he had.

With the weakened army Britain ordered another Coalition in 1812, Great Britain, Prussia, Austria, Russia, and Portugal were the first combatants. The armies of Russia, Austria, and Prussia met French and it ally soldiers at the Rhineland and dealt them a devastating blow. Britain managed to keep a tight blockade on France, and left it with no resources. With the French soldiers being relocated to the East Spain managed to expel French presence, Spain, and Portugal then lead a campaign in Italy and liberated the area. British soldiers landed in Normandy a second time and invaded. Spanish and Portuguese armies invade southern France. France was fighting and losing a 3 front war. By 1814 Russian forces entered Paris and France signed an armistice. Napoleon was exiled to the Islands of Elba.

A new French king was appointed and many new monarchs arose after Napoleon friendly monarchs were taken out of power. Peace resumed for a short while. Until in 1815 with discontent in France still Napoleon returned and slowly gained support and soon again took the crown.

The Seventh Coalition & The Congress of Vienna
With Napoleon back on the throne Britain quickly raised another coalition to fight him once and for all. French met British, Russian, Prussian, Austrian, Spanish, and Portuguese forces at Waterloo. The French fought a good battle, but the coalition dealt them a decisive victory. Napoleon was exiled to Saint Helena in the Atlantic Ocean. Were he would stay until his Death.

The Napoleonic wars ended after the Battle of Waterloo. The French Revolution ended and peace in Europe finally began. Later the Congress of Vienna would meet and reorganize Europe and surrounded France with powerful nations as to not allow them any to be able to start another violent war. The effects of the war were that France the supreme power of Europe was gone, also that the bond between Spain and Britain became stronger.

Expansion of The American Nations
While Europe was embroiled in the Napoleonic Wars, the Nations of America would begin to expand because of the belief of Manifest Destiny.Ameria would purchase Louisiana in 1803 from France and which would expand America to the middle of the continent. From the British in 1810 would purchase present day Oregon from Great Britain. In 1813 while the spanish crown was weak the U.S. took florida and annexed it.

Mexico, in 1811 would annex Central America bordering Panama. Peru in 1817 would annex Bolivia. In 1822 Argentina would annex Paraguay. 5 years later it would annex Chile. Brazil in 1829 would annex Uruguay. Brazil woul also annex Suriname and French Guiana.

Conflicts Over Expansion
With expansion many conflicts began to rise. The first conflict would be the Revolution of Texas in Mexico.

Revolution of Texas
The problems of Texas was rooted in slavery. Texas wanted to grow cotten, but believed they would need slaves to hasten the production of cotton. The problem was Mexico had outlawed slavery in 1829. This would casue friction and in 1835 Texas would revolt. The rebellion would go on till 1938, during the 3 years Texas urged the U.S. to aid against Mexico. Many believed that if they did they could annex Texas, and that this was Manifest Destiny at work. America sent aid to Texan revolutionaires. But it was no good 3 years after the start the rebellions were put down and many revolutionist would flee north to America.

The biggest affect of the Texas Rebellion was it started the beginning of the deterioration of the America and Mexico relation. Mexicans were outraged on how the U.S. aided Texas, and Americans believed that Mexico had suppressed Texas, and been a tyrant. This coupled with other reasons would soon lead to armed conflict.

The Expansion of Gran Colombia
In 1819 Simon Bolivar would becom president of Gran Colombia. He is considered as one of the greatest leaders of South America. In 1824 Peru would invade Colombia and try to take Ecuador a region bordering Colombia and Peru. Colombia managed to repel the invasion. and In 1828 Colombia would invade Peru. By 1830 They took nothern Peru and Peru sued for peace. That same year Colombia would invade and annex Guyana. Lastly Colombia would organize and alliance with Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina.

Backround of The War
The root of the Mexican-American War was the U.S. government's desire to obtain, California, Arizona, and Texas. Mexico in a statement delcare that the land was part of Mexico and that any attempt to gain it would mean war. Another issue came from Americas aid of Texas which Mexicans still despised, while the U.S. believed that Mexico was being a tyrant and should allow independence.

Battles of The War
The War would actually start in 1845 when Fort Texas had revolutionists in the building. The Mexican Army invaded and took the fort easily. The only problem was that 12 american soldiers had been there and that 9 had been killed. America was outraged and demanded an answer, while Mexican was confused of why American soldiers were in Texas, a Mexican Territory. This would start the war.

American Generals and President Polk decided to go for the Jugular by taking California. This started the California campaign lead by General Zachary Taylor. Mexican President Arista sent his best General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna to hault the invasion. The begining of the Campaign started well with only a well Mexican militias defending, but when General Lopez met Zachary at San Francisco and managed to hault the invasion and push Taylor out of California, near the border. Mexico decided to go on the offensive by invading Lousinana. Mexico forces reached The Mississipi River at Vicksburg, were Taylor and stop the hault and made the forces retreat back to Mexico.

The Mexican-American war from 1845-1851 was a war of atrition, the first ever seen, both America and Mexico were trying to wear each other down, it also saw a minor but first time use of Trench Warfare. Constant invasion of the American and Mexican Border were devastating. Both Mexico and America had grown to the 2 super powers of the Western hemisphere, and both were suffering huge causalties, making this the most costly war for both countries histories.

In 1852 America would plead for European interviention against Mexico. Britain who had tried an invasion of San Francisco before the war, wanting possesion of California, agreed. Spain and France stayed neutral until 1953 when Spain agreed to blockade Mexican ports. With America gaining allies in Europe, Colombia, Brazil, and Argentina aided their comrade ,and also Mexico gained aid from Russia and Austria after promising them access to California. With South American armies ariving befor european aid Mexico managed to take Oregon and New orleans in the south.

With the fall of Oregon British troops in Canada invaded and took back the area in 1854. France soon joined and both British and French soldiers landed in New York to aid American Soldiers. American lead forces then retook New Orleans and lead a campaign into Texas. Texan Revolution soon uprised and Mexican forces were beaten and American managed to take Dallas.

Russian and Austrian soldiers managed to land in California in 1855 and haulted the invasion at Austin, the Americans were headed to Mexico but stoped. The War would continue for 2 more years into 1857 the most bloodiest war in both nations histories up to that date.

In 1857 both nations called for an Armistice. Mexican and American officals met in Madrid Spain and the Treaty succeded only most of Texas, believeing the region not worth the blood shed. This war severly cut the ties between Mexico and America, also between Latin America against America and many European nations.

Effects of The Mexican-American War
The major effect was the end of Mexico and American relations. It would also divde europe between France, Britain, Spain, and Portugal, opposed to Russia, Austria later Austria-Hugary, and would also distant the soon to be formed German Empire. The war marked the first war of atrition and small use of trench warfare, which both would be heavily used in World War 1. Another effect would be the beging of the seeds of the American civil war, as Texas would enter as a slave state, and that many Republicans said the Mexian war was fought because of slavery and that if there were no slavery Texas would have not revolted and not have caused the war ultimately. The war also saw the end of Manifest destiny, many nations believed the blood shed had been because of Manifest Destiny. Nations in the Western hemisphere wouldn't see intrest in expanding until the Age of Imperalism in the late 1800's.

Backround
With the annexation of Texas a slavery state slavery became a hot topic in the 1860 election. When Abraham Lincoln, who was strong against slavery, won South Carolina would leave the Union followed by other southern states. This would start the American Civil war. The War was conflicted by different sides, many didn't want another war after just ending the Mexican War, while others believed that the Mexican War was caused by slavery and it they ended it now no other wars like it would have to be fought.

The Civil War
The Civil war started in 1861. the Confederate States of America was lead by Jefferson Davis an the General was Robert E. Lee. The first 2 years of the war were consumed by CSA vicotries of the Union. Finaly in 1863 the Union won in the Battle of Gettysburg which would turn the tide of the war. Vicksburg fell to the Union which gave access to the Mississipi, and General Sherman's march through Georgia was a huge success. In 1865 General Lee would surrender at Appomattox Court house which would end the civil war.

Effects of The Civil War
The main effectof the war was the abolishment of slavery in the U.S. Another was a little improvement with Mexico because Mexico aloud slaves to enter into Mexico and Union P.O.W.'s to flee into Mexico which at the end of the war Mexico returned. another big effect was a policy of isolation by the U.S. after 2 decades of war the U.S. would spend 1865-1876 in a Reconstruction Era to rebuild the South and and unify the nation and get a break from war.

The Scramble for Africa
The scramble for Africa would begin with France seize of Algeria and Tunisia in 1830. Spain, who had lost much of it's colonies, and had a the pass of Gibraltar,which gained them access to the Africa soon became intrested. It also possessed Guine equatorial a small region off the coast of Western Africa. Spain would them come down and take all Morroco and then south into forming Spanish Mali. Soon other european nations got intrested as well.

France
France was the first european to start colonies in Africa, with Algeria and Tunisia. Later it would go on to claim Equatorial Africa, and much of central Africa. France would also gain Madagascar as well

Spain
Spain after losing much of it's colonies was looking for a way to rebuild and it found it in Africa. Spain acquired all of Morocco and Riod de oro. Soon it would develop South and claim it as Spanish Mali. It would also expand it's Guine Equatorial region. This imperalism would cause friction between Spain and Germany, as expansion in Guine would cause disputes of Cameroon. Also Spain acquired Togoland a German colony. Spain's crown was still very Catholic and in the wake of this new era of expansion decided to retake Jerusalem from the Muslim Turks and claim it for Catholics. This would cause a series of wars known as The Palestinian Wars from 1867-1881. Spain would eventually gain Jerusalem and a small region around it.

Great Britain
After seeing both France and Spain grow Britian was quick to join in demanding rights to a colony in Africa. The French allowed Britain to take Egypt and southward in Sudan. Britian would also gain much of South Africa. After Spain's taking of Jerusalem, Britain take a small region at the persian gulf, Kuwait, from the Turks.

Germany
The German Empire had just formed but was quick to get involved in the African affairs. It had Cameroon, also a part of East Africa just below the Horn, and part of souther africa bording Bristish Colonies. These expansion though would creat a stiff rivarly between Germany and Spain as both had disputes over territory especially in Cameroon.

Italy
Italy just like Germany had just united but also began to expand. It defeated the Ottomans and manged to take Libya. It would also gain Eritea on the coast of the Red Sea, and gain Italain Somaliand, on the Horn of Africa

Portugal
Portugal too took intrest in africa taking Angola bordering German and English possesions, and Mozambique on the east coast of Africa.

Belgium
Belguim managed to take central african in the congo.

Independent States
At the end only Ethiopea and Liberia on two opposite sides of Africa managed to stay free from imperalism.

Imperialism in Asia
Imperialism didn't stay in Africa it soon spreaded to Asia.

British Empire
The British had managed to take all of India. They also had access to many seaports in China, including Hong Kong. The British also spread into burma and into Pakistan. Also in the Malay states and Sarawak.

French Empire
France would claim much of indochina. Present day Vietnam and Cambodia were ruled by France's empire. Just like the British France took seaports in China as well

Spanish Empire
Spain had possession of the Philippines until late 1890's. But before they lost it Spain would colonize Siam inbetween British India, and French Indochina. Also Spain would take Hainan and island just south of China, and after a war with Japan it would seize Taiwan. As did the French and British, Spain also took seaports in China.

The Dutch Empire, German Empire, & Japanese Empire
The Dutch took all of the east india, except for on the east side of New Guinea which was owned by the Germans.

Japan itself became a imperalist power in asia. Korea, the southern part of Sakhalin, and some ports of China were under the Japanese rule.

The Americas gain intrest in Imperalism
Manifest destiny ended in the Americas in the 1850's, but nations would soon grow restless and want to expand. The first nation to expand would be Mexico in the Carribeans.

The Carribean War
In the 1880's Spain was in control of Cuba and Puerto Rico, but these colonies revolted, but Spain would brutally put down the revolts. Mexican business man in Cuba expressed fear that it could disrupt trade, and many also reported prosecution of Mexicans in Cuba and Puerto Rico. The Final straw came when Mexican business men were executed by Spain believed to be revolutionists in 1886. Mexico would declare war on Spain the same year.

The war would go from June 1886 to January 1887. Mexican soldiers invaded Cuba in late June. They would contain the invasion until they reached the San Huan hill and also managed to take Guantanamo. By August 1886 Mexican forces moved on to Puerto Rico and by December had liberated the area. In January Spain would surrender, and give Cuba and Puerto Rico to Mexico. With the loss of Puerto Rico and Cuba, the spanish empire was completely removed from the New world.

Mexico's Expansion into the Pacific
After the gain of Cuba and Puerto Rico, Mexican renewed it's desire for land the next land they obtained would be from their ally Russia. Russia would sell their Alaskan colony in 1889 and Mexico purchased it. This further brought Mexico and Russia closer as allies. Alaska was also later discovered to have gold and oil reserves.

The next expansion would come in 1892 after many Mexican bussiness man had visited Hawaii many pushed for annexation of the territory. 5 years, and with the Queen of Hawaii abdiction, Mexico made a treaty to annex the islands and by 1899 Hawaii joined Mexico.

Also Mexico would gain seaports in China along with the other European nations, mostly because their alliance with Japan. The reason why Japan and Mexico allied, because, when the U.S. outlawed any asian immigration into the west coast, which Japan despised, Mexico allowed asian immigration, this would cause a close friendship with Japan and an economic Treaty with Trade.

America Joins Imperalism
After reconstruction ended many American politicians believed that Mexico was gaining too much land and power and decided to jion the Imperalist movement. The first land it aquired was from purchasing Quebec from Great Britain, because Quebec was inhabitated by French and these people saw them selves differently then Canadians.

Later after much discussion with Denmark, it purchased Greenland, later it would annex the close neighbor Iceland. America wanted colonies in the Pacific. A prime colony America saw was the Philippines, and this would eventually start the Spanish-American War. American would win this and annex the Philippines. Later America and other super powers would heed the Open door policy and allow American interviention in China. Later both Britain and America would ally together and invade German occupied Guina, and would conquer the region splitting it between American and British lands.

Other Nations Get involved with Imperalism
By the late 1800's and early 1900's other latin american nation got involved with Imperalism. Brazil was the first in 1898 it would annex Haiti and the Domincan Repbulic. Colombia would later take Jamaica. Brazil would also annex much of the Bahamas. Argentina would also occupy the Falklands. Peru would occupy Easter islands.

In the late 1800's Brazil and Argentina got involved in Africa, with an invasion with Germany of Spanish Equatorial. Spain loss some land there but managed to repel the invasion. The land received was distributed between Germany, Brazil, and Argentin, and these 3 would ally with each other.

Effects of Imperalism
Imperalism would have profound effects around the world. One big one was the regrowth of the spanish, british, portuguese, and German empires. All American and Mexico both again began to rise in power and and as rivals. Other nations like. Columbia, Brazil, Peru and Argentina were also on the rise.

Another big effect was the growth of alliances. Britain and Spain were the first to allowed. Germany built an alliance against Spain, with Brazil and Argentina. This would have a greater hand the soon coming World War.

The First World War
World War 1 was a vast and horrible conflict that spanned 4 continents. It pitted Allied forces, Great Britain, France, Spain, Siberia, and The United States against Central powers, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia, Ottoman Empire, and Mexico. These countries were just the main nations other nations would have aid either side in small ways.

Roots of the War
Many things would play a hand in developing the conflict but 3 main things lead to the War:

Alliances
Alliances threatened the peace, because if would cause a small conflict between 2 nations to explode to against different alliances. The first alliance to be made was in the late 1880's with Spain and Britain. It started because both had possession in the Middle East and were threatened with Ottoman invasion, and later Russian invasion. So Spain and Britain signed a pact to defend each other's possession. This would soon evolve into the Triple Entente when France would join in 1903. Germany feeling that Western Europe were allying together believed that it was making the balance of power in Europe uneven. In 1905 Leaders of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia met at Vienna and made the Triple Alliance. These 2 alliances were the main factions in the war but other alliances were made outside. Serbia signed a Treaty with France in case of invasion that France would back aid. Spain signed a Treaty with Italy to aid each other as well, but Italy it also had signed a treaty with Austria-Hungary so it had a foot in both opposing camps. Germany signed a treaty with The Ottoman Empire aid each other militarily. Britain signed a treaty with Belgium, and Russia signed with Bulgaria

Nationalism
After the Napoleonic Wars, people in countries occupied by France gained a sense of Pride for their nation, that would grow into Nationalism. Nationalism the belief that one's nation is superior to all others. Nationalism would only continue to grow with the Age of Imperialism, with people believing that their nation should teach other nations to be like them therefore making them "better". Nationalism would be the true cause of the war, even though the assassination of Farnz Ferdinand would technically start the war, many nations in Europe were looking for a reason to invade other nations.

Militarism
Lastly is Militarism, the belief a nation should have a strong army to defend. This was heavily practiced through out Europe with nations having rivalries and wanting to defend against invasion. The biggest rivalry between Spain and Germany meant both nations have heavy out put in military production. France an ally of Spain also build of it's army knowing that if Germany was going to invade Spain it would have to first invade through France.

The Assassinatin of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
World War 1 would start with the assassination of Franz Ferdinand. On June 28 1914 while in Bosnia and Herzegovina with his wife, Ferdinand and her were assassinated. Gavrilo Princip, the assassin, shot the first bullet, hitting his wife in the abdomen and his second hitting Ferdinand in the throat and hitting his jugular. Ferdinand was the heir to the Austrian throne, and his assassination would cause a conflict between Serbia and Austria-Hungary, that would grow to the world war.

Declarations of War
On July 28th Austria-Hungary ,after Serbia's refusal to accept Austria's ultimatum, declared war on Serbia. France an ally of Serbia, declared war on Austria on July 30th. Austria-Hungary, being part of the Triple Alliance of the Triple Alliance, caused Germany to declare war on France the next day. Spain an ally of France and greatest rival of Germany declared war on Germany August 2nd. Russia after persuasion by Germany and Austro-Hungary declared war on Spain and Britain, Bulgaria an ally of Russia would a day later declare war on France and Spain. These would be the first combatants of the war, Allies: Spain, France, and Serbia, Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia, and Bulgaria.

The German army would be the first to mobilize, with a plan to take over Nothern France, France central for industry and then destroy France's War supply then march to Spain. Germany's plan included crossing into Belgium. The Belgians were firmly against Germany entering causing Germany to invade in September. This brought Great Britain into the war declaring war on Germany. With both Spain and Great Britain's declarations of war, German's alliance with the Ottoman Empire, kicked in with the Ottoman Empire declaring war on September 14th the Allies. This would truely set the stage for the war that would.

Centrals Make Gains
By October Belgium and Luxembourg fell to the Germans and Germany began it's invasion of Northern France. French and Spanish troops helped slow the German advance. Buy by November Russia's army and Bulgaria's joined the Germans in the West, and outnumbered French and Spanish troops. Germany and Russia won many victories agaisnt the Allies and moved farther into the West. Austria-Hungary began an invasion of Serbia along with Russian and Bulgarian reinforcements. Serbia only recieved little French aid and the nation was being beat by the Centrals.

French and Spanish troops in December losed a major battle at Hangard pushing the Allies back near Paris. By January 1915 the Middle East theater began. Ottoman backed by some Russian aid invaded Jericho in Spanish hands. Also they started an invasion of British Kuwait at Abdali. Ottomans saw advances with both the fall of each city by Febuary. In Serbia, Austria-Hungary and Bulgarian armies made advances.

Trench Warfare begins in the War
By March Central Powers invasion of France began to slow. British aid began to even the battles between with Germany and Russia. Trenchs soon were dug through out the Western France and this would began a long bloody string of battles from 1915 to 1917. Spain who knew that besides in the Western Front they were outnumbered in Serbia and in the Middle East. Spainish officials met with Italian officials and Italy agreed to join in the war and Invade Austria-Hungary.

On March 7th 1915 Italians made an invasion of Austria Hungary also sending some aid to Serbia. The plan was to march to Vienna and swiftly cause Austria-Hungary to surrender. The Italians underestemated the Austrians and experienced heavy causalaties but managed to reach Carinthia. This aided Serbia allievating the pressure from Austrian-Hungarian soldiers.

In the Middle East by June trenchs were dug just outside of Jerusalem with Spanish and British soldiers against Ottoman and Russians. French and Spanish troops from Indochina aid British in Kuwait. The Allies were still though looking for another front in the war to breakup the Central Powers war effort. On August 12th British and French embassadors went to Japan to ask for an invasion of Russia. Mexico an ally of both Russia and Japan mediated Japan's decision and eventually Japan would instead declare neutrality. This would lead instead for Allies to persuade China to invade Russia, and it agreed. In late August chinese soldiers began an invasion of Russia. This would cause Russia to have to redistribuit it's army to help defend it's Eastern border. This would later lead to the collapse of Russia.

The War in Africa
By 1915 the colonies of the empire in Europe mobolized for war. The start of the theater began with Germany, allied with Brazil and Argentina, invaded Spanish Guinea Equatorial. the campaign was succesful expelling Spain from Central Africa. Although this was a victory soon the other allied colonies mobolized against Germany.

A combine invasion from Britain,France, and Belgium from all sides in Cameroon. The Germans were outnumberd and by late 1915 surrender. Then the Allies moved to German possesions in South western Africa. Germans this time much more prepared with help from Argentina and Brazil aided to repel invasions.

By 1916 Argentina and Brazil officialy joined the Central Powers. with this it gain help to the Germans in Africa. A joint army of all 3 lead an invasion of Belgian Congo in to Portuguise territories to the North and took the region. Then moving into the Belgian congo and made swift advances. British and French soldiers collided with the Central Powers. This caused huge battles to occur but the Allies were vicotorious. Portuguise Mozambique fell to the Germans by 1917, and Central forces moved and took all of the Belgian Congo. The Allies again organized a counter stike. French, Spanish and Portuguise armies from the north invaded the Congo. This would lead to a long stalemate, were Trench Warfare would also spread to Africa.

The Russian Revolution
The causalties of World War 1 were enormous for all countries evolved but Russia endured the worst. During the reign of Czar Nicholas II Russia's military had weakened serverly. At the outbrake of World War 1 it took months before the Russian army could organize and intervien witht he Germans in the Western Front. Russians suffered many defeats at the hands of the Allies, many times their victories were only because of the German Army, a much more better and organized army, aiding their campaigns. At the battle Hamel, even though a Central victory, because of German aid, the Russian army suffered heavy causaulties.

By 1917 the Russian people were sick of war and sick of the enduring poverty. In October Vladimir Lenin would sneak his way into Russia and a revolt would breakout in October. With most of the Russian army stationed else were and the positioned soldiers in Russia siding with the revolutionists the revolt was succesful.

This would cause Russia to have to withdraw from World War 1. In January 1918 Russis signed an Armistice with the Allies, the Central powers tried to support the whites to overthrow the Bolsheviks but failed. The Russians were officialy withdraw from the war and then renamed it's self The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics or U.S.S.R.

The Second Mexican-American War
With the withdrawal of Russia, Germany realized it would need other allies. Germany would then send an ambassador to Mexico to ask for it's