Italian Republic (Great Nuclear War)

The Italian Republic is a survivor state located in Northeast Italy. It is comprised of the former Italian regions of Piemonte, Valle d'Aosta and Liguria.

History
The President of the Council Giovanni Leone was not present in Rome during the War. Leone was in Turin, for a meeting with the workers of the FIAT. The War cut off Northwestern Italy, and that October, Leoni had made several attempts at contact with Rome. No answer was received. Leoni summoned a meeting of all presidents of the regions, mayors, prefects and military officials of Piedmont, Ligure and Valle d'Aosta in city of Turin to discuss of the situation. From this meeting it was agreed that they would try and best accommodate the survivors as possible and create a new state. In order to do so agriculture was temporarily put in state control. The fledgling government quickly recreated the Italian Armed Forces to keep the Italian people safe.

In the winter of 1963 no one die, but this thanks at the strong organization of the hospitals, churchs, mayors and military.

A New Republic
After the crisis was over. The 17th March of 1963 the Italian Republic was delcared. The new country would use a modified Italian Constitution. The old flag and coat of arms of the Italian Republic was adopted (though this decision was questioned by some parliamentarians).



After the first election, Giorgio Almirante, leader of the Movimento Sociale Italiano or MSI and Italian nationalist, was elected the new President of the Republic by universal suffrage. On April 1stof 1963, the President of the Republic officially being his mandate. For the next years, the new government focused on improving the economy, keep people safe and build a social state.

Expeditions
By the early 1965 things had finally begun to normalize in the Italian Republic, and so the people once more became curious as to the fate of Italy. In 1968 two expeditions were set out to assess the conditions in the immediate area. The first of these in north for contact Switzerland and started with relations, but they was sent back, while a second sailed west to seek French.

The later expedition held promising results, despite the lack of central French governance, the Italian expedition made contact and exchange embassies with the Principality of Monaco, the first state at recognized the Italian Republic.

Constitution
Formally and according to the Italian Constitution (Costituzione Italiana) is organized as such :


 * President of the Republic (Presidente della Repubblica), elected by the citizens every seven years. The post is hold by Giorgio Almirante.
 * The Parliament has a unicameral system, and this is composed of the Chamber of the Deputies.
 * The Chamber of the Deputies is elected by the people every ten years. There have 100 deputies.
 * President of the Council (Presidente del Consiglio), nominated by the President of the Republic. They were responsible for the administration of the Republic. Giovanni Leone is the new President of the Council.
 * The Constitution establishes the Government of the Italian Republic as composed of the President of the Council and Ministers. The President of the Council form its cabinet. The appointee can be the leader of the majority coalition that won the election, or it can be a person instructed by the President of the Republic to form a national unity government in times of crisis for the nation. Either way, the government must receive the confidence of the Parliament.
 * The Constitution states that justice is administered in the name of the people and that judges are subject only to the law. So the judiciary is a branch that is completely autonomous and independent of all other branches of power, even though the Minister of Justice is responsible for the organization and functioning of those services involved with justice and has the power to originate disciplinary actions against judges, which are then administered by the High Council of the Judiciary, presided over by the President.
 * There is only partial judicial review of legislation. Judicial review exists under certain conditions, established by the Constitutional Law, in the Constitutional Court, or Corte Costituzionale, which can reject anti-constitutional laws after scrutiny. When the Court declares a law unconstitutional, the law ceases to have effect the day after the publication of the ruling.
 * The Constitutional Court is composed of 15 judges, one of which is the President of the Italian Constitutional Court elected from the court itself. One third of the judges are appointed by the President of the Italian Republic, one-third are elected by Parliament and one-third are elected by the ordinary and administrative supreme courts.
 * According to the Constitution, any citizen that is fifty on the day of the election, and enjoys civil and political rights, can be elected President. The President cannot hold office in any other branch of power, and the office's salary and privileges are established by law.
 * In addition to powers inherent in being a member of the cabinet, the prime minister holds specific powers, most notably being able to nominate a list of cabinet ministers to be appointed by the President of the Republic.
 * Often the Prime Minister's activity consists more in mediating between the various parties in the majority coalition, rather than directing the activity of the Council of Ministers.

Political Parties
The political parties of the Chamber of the Deputies :


 * Italian Communist Party (Partito Comunista Italiano) a anti-fascist party and a leftist party : 25/100
 * Christian Democracy (Democrazia Cristiana) a liberal and a rightist party : 35/100
 * Italian Social Moviment (Movimento Sociale Italiano) a neo-fascist and a far-rightist party : 40/100

Administrative organization
The Italian Republic is divided into provinces and communes. The Provinces are in the charge of a Prefect, named by the President, who is in charge of all aspects of the state administration and public order. The chief magistrate of a commune is a mayor, elected by the citizens of a city or in special case by a prefect. He was assisted by a Municipal Consul, composed of five councilors named by the Mayor. Turin has a Mayor, elected by the Citiz, assisted by a consult of ten councilors named by the Mayor.

The Provinces are :

 * Aosta
 * Novara
 * Turin
 * Alessandria
 * Cuneo
 * Genoa
 * Savona

Economy
The Italian Republic has a mixed economy system. Though traditionally the Italian economy has been dominated by agriculture and tourism, in 1960's there had been much industrialization, especially in the north. Indeed, after the Great Nuclear War, many industries and society have suffered of this. But also this has brought massive growth of the economy of the republic, even if is afflicted by the crisis. Education, banking service, security service, telecommunication, transport, health care, social security and access to cultural resources are under the control of the state.

The Italian economy is based on tourism, agriculture, car industry, industry, hydropower energy, viticulture, fishing and shipping industry.

Health Care
Health care is free and accessible for all the citizens of the republic, funded by the state through general taxation and direct revenues collected by local health, through prescription charges and other chargeable services.

Most major cities have a hospital or a general hospital. The smaller cities or the villages have a Local Health Office (L.H.O.) (Italian: Uffici Sanitari Locali (U.S.L.))

Education
Schooling is required by law, and free, compulsory education is obligatory until the 17 years of age. The Italian school system is divided into three stages of education :


 * Primary education, which includes the kindergarten for three years and primary school, five-year.


 * Secondary education, which includes the secondary school level (Middle school) for three years, and the secondary school of second degree (High school) of five-year duration.

The city of Turin, Alessandria, Asti, Aosta,, Cuneo, Savona, La Spezia and Genoa have some universities. Turin has an officialy military academy sanctioned by the armed forces (Excluding the Navy) and the city of Genoa has an officially sanctioned naval academy.
 * Higher education, including the universities, the higher education in art, music and dance and vocational training.

Mass media
Whithin the republic, the official news agency is the Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata (ANSA). The most read newspapers are the Corriere della Sera, the Repubblica, the Sole 24 ORE, the Messaggero, the Gazzetta dello Sport, Tuttosport and the Secolo XIX. There are no restrictions upon the press based on religion or other factors.

The RAI (Radio Televisione Italiana) are the property of the state. There are only a few private radio stations, though television and radio are fairly common and popular.

Military
The Italian Armed Forces (Forze Armate Italiane) an armed force made up of conscripts. All male citizens of 18 years need to serve in the Armed Forces for 18 months.

Weapons
The Italian Armed Forces are equipped with M1 Garand, M1 Carbine, Carcano M91, MAB-38 and Beretta BM-59 as main rifles, with the Beretta M34 and Beretta M35 as sidegun, they have also use the MG 42/59 and the Breda M35 as squad weapons.

Armed Forces :

 * Italian Army (Esercito Italiano) : 50,000 Military
 * Italian Military Navy (Marina Militare Italiana) : 10,000 Military
 * Italian Military Air Force (Aeronautica Militare Italiana) : 5000 Military
 * Army of the Carabinieri (Arma dei Carabinieri) : 20,000 Carabinieri
 * Financial Guard (Guardia di Finanza) : 10,000 Guard

Internal Security :

 * Army of the Carabinieri (Arma dei Carabinieri) : 20,000 Carabinieri
 * Police of State (Polizia di Stato) : 15,000 Policemen
 * Financial Guard (Guardia di Finanza) : 10,000 Guard