Two Sicilies (Cromwell the Great)

The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (Regno delle Due Sicilie ) is the largest of the states of Italy. It was formed as the union of the kingdoms of Sicily and Naples in 1819, which collectively had long been called the Two Sicilies (Utraque Sicilia ).

History
Throughout their history Naples and Sicily had been separate kingdoms since the partition of the medieval Kingdom of Sicily in 1282. Later Naples and Sicily under joint direct rule of the kings of Spain - House of Habsburg and later the Bourbons - keeping their separate administration, legal system and treasury.

The peace treaties of the Nine Years' War (1688–97), the wars of the Spanish Succession (1702–1715), of the Austrian Succession (1740–48) changed several times hands between Spain, France and the Holy Roman Emperor.

Sicily was briefly governed by Victor Amadeus II Duke of Savoy (1713-1715), but he was forced to exchange this title and instead became king of Sardinia. Under his reign a system of intendants, based on the French model, responsible for collecting taxes and law enforcement was established. He began a land survey, the Perequazione, to examine the land holdings and privileges of the Church and nobility.

The claims of the House of Savoy over Sicily were part of the negotiations of Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748). This antecedent and to keep a balance of power in the Mediterranean, an idea pushed by Commonwealth diplomacy, Sicily was awarded to a senior member of the House of Savoy and Naples was given to a cadet line of the Bourbons. Both kingdoms had also the prohibition of having the same king as Spain (Bourbons) or Sardinia (Savoy).

The European Revolutionary Wars (1790-1810) also shock the basis of Naples and Sicily, being the former occupied by French armies and had a briefly established sister republic, the Neapolitan Republic in 1800. Recaptured in six months with Ferdinand IV of Naples resuming his throne. Austrian and Neapolitan troops later recaptured Rome dissolving the Roman Republic and re establishing the sovereignty of the Pope over the Papal States.

The dynastic union of both kingdoms came after the end of the European Revolutionary Wars (1790-1810) as an agreement between Victor Emmanuel of Sicily and Ferdinand IV of Naples. On the death of Victor Emmanuel a regency under Ferdinand IV sealed the union.

The Italian-Sicilian War and its peace brokered by the Treaty of Sienna negotiated by the Papal States, France and the Commonwealth ceded the Italian department of Tronto to the Papal States.

King Francis granted the first Constitutional Charter in 1826 establishing a limited constitutional monarchy.

Rulers
Until the dynastic union of the Houses of Bourbon and Savoy in 1819, Sicily proper was ruled by the cadet branch of the Bourbon and Naples by the Savoy.
 * Kings of Naples
 * Ruled by the King of Spain until 1715
 * Ruled by the House of Habsburg (Holy Roman Emperor) 1715-1748
 * Luis IV of Bourbon (1727-1785) 1748-1785
 * Ferdinand IV (1759-1825) 1785-1800
 * Neapolitan Republic 1800-1800
 * Ferdinand IV (1759-1825) 1800-1819
 * Kings of Sicily
 * Ruled by the King of Spain until 1713
 * Victor Amadeus II (House of Savoy) 1713-1715
 * Ruled by the House of Habsburg (Holy Roman Emperor) 1715-1742
 * Occupied by France 1742-1748
 * Victor Amadeus III of Savoy (1699–1763) 1748-1763
 * Charles Emmanuel (1726–1796) 1763-1796
 * Victor Emmanuel (1751-1819) 1796-1819
 * Kings of the Two Sicilies
 * Regent Ferdinand IV of Bourbon (1759-1825) 1819-1825
 * Francis of Bourbon-Savoy (1777–1830) 1825-1830
 * Ferdinand I (1810–1859) 1830-1859
 * Victor Emmanuel (1836-1880) 1859-1880

Economy and Trade
The kingdom is heavily agricultural, unlike the other Italian states, with exception of the Papal States, the church owned the majority of the land.

Administrative Division
Naples is divided into fifteen provinces and Sicily into seven provinces. The island itself has a special administrative status, with its base at Palermo. The provinces are:
 * Reali Dominii al di qua del Faro (naples)
 * 1) Provincia di Napoli (Napoli)
 * 2) Terra di Lavoro (Caserta, fino al 1818 Capua)
 * 3) Principato Citra (Salerno)
 * 4) Principato Ultra (Avellino)
 * 5) Basilicata (Potenza)
 * 6) Capitanata (Foggia)
 * 7) Terra di Bari (Bari)
 * 8) Terra d'Otranto (Lecce)
 * 9) Calabria Citeriore (Cosenza)
 * 10) Calabria Ulteriore Prima (Reggio)
 * 11) Calabria Ulteriore Seconda (Catanzaro)
 * 12) Contado di Molise (Campobasso)
 * 13) Abruzzo Citeriore (Chieti)
 * 14) Abruzzo Ulteriore Primo (Teramo)
 * 15) Abruzzo Ulteriore Secondo (Aquila)
 * Reali Dominii al di là del Faro (Sicily).
 * 1) Palermo (Palermo)
 * 2) Messina (Messina)
 * 3) Catania (Catania)
 * 4) Girgenti (Girgenti)
 * 5) Noto (Siracusa)
 * 6) Trapani (Trapani)
 * 7) Caltanissetta (Caltanissetta)