Chile (French Trafalgar, British Waterloo)

The Republic of Chile is a nation located in South America.

History
Prior to arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century, northern Chile was under Inca rule while the indigenous Mapuche inhabited central and southern Chile.

Independence


The Chilean War of Independence was part of the larger Spanish American independence movement, what began in 1822, and it was far from having unanimous support among Chileans, who became divided between independentists and royalists.

The first Chilean autonomous government was formed on Santiago, in September 18th of 1822, led by General, and supported by the caudillo from.

Like in other places, the Chilean soldiers initiated a guerrilla war against the Spanish regiments in the country. Little by little, the independentist movement occupy great part of the central zone of Chile, achieving an important victory in the Battle of Concepción, in 1824.

However, at beginning of 1825, more Spanish troops came from outside and from the Chiloé Island they initiated a counterattack. The combats lasted almost two years, until finally in 1826, was forced by other european powers  to negotiate with the leaders of the insurrection in America, including O'Higgins, and to recognize the emancipation of the colonies.

The Independence of Chile was proclaimed officially On February 12, 1828. The last combat, occurred on January 10, 1828, when the Chilean Army defeat to the Iberian Troops in the Battle of Valdivia.

Conservatives & Liberals
In the middle of 1828, to avoid a civil war between the principal parties of Chile (Conservative Party and the Liberal Party), was proclaimed the first President of Chile, governing the nation for two periods, until 1840.

After O'Higgins, the Conservatives governed Chile between 1840 and 1855. In the elections of 1855, they were defeated by the Liberals, who reached the presidency with.

In 1860, the tensions in South America increase and threaten to unleash a war. The government of Pinto tries to support the fragile peace, but the rest of the liberals promote to sign an military alliance with.

Pinto dies suddenly this year, and is replaced by, who decides after to join to Brazil, and , in his fight against Argentina,  and. After four years of combats, the Chilean army is defeated, and the country loses territories.

Civil War & The Unity Governments


After the defeat in the, the Conservatives (and a faction of the Liberal party headed by ) initiate a revolution against the government of Santa Maria. The Civil war lasts almost two years, culminating with incarceration of Santa Maria and the exile of the liberals that supported it.

Conservatives and Liberals shape a "government of unity" in 1865 headed by. After paying the indemnifications in 1867, the economic recovery of Chile was difficult and takes several years, but since 1885, with the election of the General, the country began a process of political, social and economic stability.

The National Unity Coalition ended with the Presidency of Pedro Montt, in 1910.

First Presidential Republic
In 1910, is elect as President, Emiliano Figueroa, and the following year begins the. At first, Chile remains neutral to the conflict, but when and Argentina were decisively defeated by 1914, the government of Figueroa decided to enter of the side of the. With the end of the war in 1916, Chile recovers the lost territories almost 50 years before.

During the next years after the war, the industrial and economic development of Chile continues, unlike in the social area this not occurs same. However, between 1918 and 1920, the chilean vicepresident,, best-known as the "Lion of Atacama", assumes the presidency, reemplacing to the president Vicente Reyes, who die this year. Alessandri completes the rest of the Reyes's term, but in this short time just, he made some historical social reforms; this would allow him 10 years after, to reach the presidency of Chile.

During the 1930's, like the rest of the world, Chile was affected by the 1931 Crisis. The negative repercussions of event was taken advantage by the NSPCh, a movement created in 1927 inspired in the Argentinian's, which since your foundation began to promote attempts of revolts in Chile, mostly unsuccessful, but that with the crisis intensified yours plans.

In this difficult scenario, was elect president in 1932, with the support of the emerging middle and working classes, which by this time reached a important political relevance. Despite of opposition of the politics elites, the Alessandri's presidency was successful in achieving historical social, economic and political changes in the country, which soon allowed to Chile recover to the crisis.

After six-years of a successful administration, Alessandri ran for re-election in 1938 against 2 candidates of the opposition (one national-socialist and one radical), and won with a wide margin. During his second term, Alessandri continues the indutralization of the country, in charge of the Industrial Development Corporation (Spanish: Corporación de Desarrollo Industrial, CDI), created in 1835, and that expand to the military area.

Political Parties

 * CURRENT PARTIES


 * Partido Conservador (PC; Conservative Party) - est. 1828; Rightist, Conservative, Nationalist
 * Partido Liberal: (PL; Liberal Party) - est. 1828; Center-Right, Liberal
 * Partido Social Cristiano (SC; Christian Social Party) - Center, Christian Democrat
 * Partido Regionalista (PR; Regionalist Party) - Center, Regionalist
 * Partido Radical Progresista (PRP; Progressist Radical Party) - Center-Left, Radicalism, Progressim
 * Partido Obrero Socialista de Chile: (POSCh; Socialist Workers Party of Chile) - Leftist, Democratic Socialist


 * DEFUNCT PARTIES


 * Patriotic Party
 * Partido Liberal Democratico
 * Partido Nacional Socialista (PNSCh; National Socialist Party) - Left, National Socialism
 * Communist Party - Far-Left, Marxist