Bohemia (Chaos)

The history of Bohemia started to diverge when the didn't harass the country 1241/42. Because of accumulated little changes,, older brother of , did not die in 1247, but would have a son in 1251 and became king in 1253. Otakar insisted however, that the Przemyslid lands were split and he'd become duke of. Vladislav also inherited, where the last Babenberger duke had been defeated and killed by. And 1254, he'd gain upper, when he divided the land with Hungary. One year later, he died however, and Otakar became regent for his nephew Wenzel /.

Otakar tried to improve the situation, waged war against Hungary, but was defeated; all of Styria fell to Hungary. In the next few years, he had to suppress Bohemian and Austrian nobles discontent with his rule. He became a bit more humble and pragmatic in the future, looked for new allies, made peace with the Bavarian dukes and married Sophie of Wittelsbach. After he was elected Roman king in 1273, he attacked Hungary again in 1275 and took Styria back. After his death in 1286, the Przemyslids lost influence again however.

Bohemia and Moravia participated in the war against 1301-08, in which they acquired Silesia south of the Oder.

1336, an intrafamilial contract was made by the Przemyslids: King got Moravia and all of Silesia, while  acquired Austria and Styria. He now governed all the German-speaking lands. Note that despite of their Czech name, the family of the Przemyslids was already more German than Czech, due to cultural influence and marriages with Germans.

In 1379,, who was the last of the Bohemian Przemyslids, died. The duke of Austria and Carinthia inherited Bohemia, Moravia and (parts of) Silesia, which made him the mightiest prince of the  by far.

The Bohemian theocracy
But his power wasn't lasting: 1386, the Czechs rebelled against his rule. In fact, a lot of ressentiment caused by hunger, poverty and some religious quarrels was mixed in. The deposed king tried to reconquer his lands from Austria and Silesia, but since the other princes of the HRE (including the Roman king) weren't interested in helping him, Hungary had to deal with the and Poland with the, noone helped him. In Bohemia, the property of the church was confiscated, preaching in Czech and the translation of the bible legalized, and some other reforms implemented. In 1389, the victorious Czechs formed a quasi-republic, with a parliament that elected a king. The nobles, the church, the peasants and the cities sent representatives to it, one quarter each. Heinrich had to accept the Czech independence, only got the southernmost parts of Bohemia and Moravia (which were German-settled). The electorate of Bohemia officially went to Austria.

1394/95, hit the HRE, and Bohemia suffered too.

In 1408, duke (and titular king of Bohemia) asked the Roman king to conquer Bohemia back for him. When king declined, Ottokar had himself elected anti-king with Bavarian help and started a war against Bohemia. In 1413, after his armies had been defeated severely several times by the Czech leader Prokop, he put down the crown again and apologizes.

1430, was elected new king in Bohemia. His government better shouldn't be mentioned in more secular times: Living completely with his head in the clouds, he claimed to listen to God and the angels. Historians of later times claimed that he simply suffered under a heavy schizophrenia. Under his reign, Bohemia was transformed into what one can only call a theocracy, with horrible results for their arts, science, economy and diplomacy.

In the years 1472-76, the happened. After the death of king Vaclav 1471, the Poles hoped for an easy victory, but the new king lead the Czech armies surprisingly well and drove the Poles back.

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