Timeline (Welsh History Post Glyndwr)

The following is a basic timeline of the Welsh Kingdom from 1400 to 2009

15th Century
1400: Start of the 1st Welsh War of Independance

1408: Treaty of London establishes the Principality of Wales under Prince Owain IV

1419: Death of Owain Glyndwr

1425: Start of the Pembrokeshire War

1427: End of the Pembrokeshire War

1428: Declaration of the Kingdom of Wales

1435: As part of the 1431 Treaty of Warwick, the Town of Shrewsbury becomes a Welsh Crown property

1455: Wales sides with the Lancastrian Side in the begining of the Wars of Roses

1460/1: Wales switches to the Yorkist cause

1466: Treaty of Antwerp results in increased trade between Wales and the Low Countries

1472-79: Codification of Welsh Law

1480: Treaty of Sycharth. English Parliament ratifies the Welsh Laws

1484: Foundation of the 3 Universities of St Davids, Caernarfon and Ludlow

1490: 1st Rebellion of March

1491: Treaty of Bath cedes Bristol and Bath to Wales in return for troops, money and assistance in the French Wars

1492: Treaty of Ravenscraig with Scotland to provide artillery and cannons for the Welsh Kingdom

1493: Assassination attempt made on King Hywel I

1495: Printing Press is introduced to Wales

16th Century
1508: Foundation of the Llynges Frenhiniol Gymreig (the Royal Welsh Navy)

1513: Treaty of Woodstock with England

1515: Prince Rhys of Powys made Chancellor of Wales

1531: Treaty of San Sebastian with Spain

1534: Treaty of Bath torn up, declaration of war on England. 1st Anglo-Welsh War

1537-9: 1st Anglo-Welsh war ends in the Welsh conquest of the North Coast of Somerset

1540: Treaty of Somerset confirms Welsh gains in the conflict, but loses the city of Bath to England

1547: Prince Rhys of Powys removed from the Chancellorship. 2nd Anglo-Welsh War

1550: The first Lutheran Conversion of Powys attempted,

1556: Peace Treaty of Harlech between Queen Elen of Wales and Queen Mary of England

1559-60: 2nd Lutheran Conversion of Powys

1563-85: Expansion of Welsh trade with Europe. Bible translated into Welsh in this period

1587: Phoney War with England.

1588: Treaty of Madrid signed with Spain

1596: First Calvinist preachers arive in Wales

1598-1600: The Protestant Rebellion

17th Century
1600: The House of Dehubarth takes the throne, a cadet branch of the House of Powys-Fadog Glyndwr

1601: The Anti-Protestant Proclamations prevent any protestant from holding positions of power or authority within the Kingdom of Wales

1605: Treaty of Windsor with James I of England.

1607: Trade Treaty of Abertawe with the Holy Roman Empire

1619: Begining of a trade boom with Europe

1625: Welsh Parliament meets to discuss the modernisation of Welsh Law

1630: Modernisation of the Navy

1634: The Parliament of '34 ratifies the Kings decrees and sets a minimun term of one parliament per reign to set tax levels

1642: King Hywel III sides originally with Charles I in the English Civil War

1645: Wales changes to side with Oliver Cromwell, effectively becoming neutral in the conflict

1649: Hywel again changes sides with the unexpected execution of King Charles

1650: Army reforms by Wales following Cromwell's New Model Army

1652-74: The Dutch Naval Wars. Wales sides with both antagonists during the 3 seperate conflicts. The Welsh Navy suffers numerous significant defeats.

1683: Last Welsh Parliament called before 1703

1685: Sir Christopher Wren starts work on the Welsh cities of Harlech and St Davids.

1687: The Welsh Royal Society formed

1688: Treaty of Kings between Hywel IV and James II

1690: Welsh troops serve with James in Ireland

1692: Wren starts work on the city of Cardiff

1693: Work starts on the Palace of Sycharth and Caernarfon City and Palace

18th Century
1700: Plague strikes Wales

1703: After a 20 year absence the a Welsh Parliament is called at Machynlleth. It is the last session to be called at Machynlleth

1704: Welsh Troops take part in the Battle of Blenheim

1708: Modernisation of the Navy

1709: Uprising of Gower. Start of the modernisation of the Army

1716: Work begins on the Naval Docks of Milford Haven, Bristol and Beaumaris

1718: Begining of the 3rd Anglo-Welsh War

1719: Conquest of the Kingdom of Wales by the Kingdom of England

1720: Rebellion of Gwent

1722: 1st Invasion Attempt

1723: The Glamorgan-Gwent Rebellion. First Overseas Expulsion from Wales

1724: Appointment of Sir Wyndham Charles De Beer as Governor-General of Wales

1725: 2nd Invasion Attempt

1727: Anti-Welsh laws implemented. Closure of the Welsh Universities

1729: Builth Wells Revolt

1730: Naval Battle of Lands End. Defeat of the 3rd Invasion Attempt

1732: The Gwynedd Rebellion. Eldest sons of remaining Welsh Nobles taken as hostages by the English Court

1736: 4th Invasion Attempt

1739: Pembrokeshire Rebellion led by the Lord Archbishop of St Davids. 5th Invasion Attempt

1743: The Execution of the 200

1744: Wales rises in full revolt against English rule

1749: End of the Welsh Revolt

1750: 6th Invasion Attempt. Death of King Rhys in the Battle of Milford Haven

1753: Implementation of new stricter anti-Welsh laws. More people are sent to English colonies overseas

1759: 7th Invasion and the Welsh 2nd War of Independance begins

1771: Battle of Harlech sees Wales retain its reconquest territories.

1788: Anti King Council formed at Strata Florida

1796: Treaty of Shrewsbury sees England recognise an independant Wales restored to its pre war borders

1799: Spanish-Welsh War results in the Welsh conquest of Patagonia