Principia Moderni IV (Map Game)

The Ming Dynasty still rules over the vast lands of China. On the other side of the world, the Hundred Years War continues between England and France. Europe is still stuck in the old ways of feudalism and chivalry while the notions of a New World are considered figments of imagination.

We welcome you to the long awaited fourth expansion of that immortal series. Welcome to Principia Moderni IV! Starting in 1400 AD, this is the dawn of the modern world and the tail end of the Middle Ages. The Renaissance is just kicking off in Europe, while the nations in the western side of the continent are locked in the last gasp of the Hundred Years War. The Muslim world is still reeling from the invasions of Turks and Mongols, with the Caliphate resting in the collapsing Mamluk Egypt and the Ottomans on the rise in Anatolia. Make it count.

The first game was the most successful on the wiki, leading all the way to the modern day with mostly plausible posts and little controversy. The second game reached almost to the modern day, but failed due to a plethora of ASB events and moderator bias. The third game was much more worthy of the first, almost running into implausibility but climbing back into a shining glory by the end. Riding on the latest reforms of map games since the end of PMIII, this is the most logical next step in that evolution. Remember  above all other rules — have fun.



Important Pages

 * Rules and Algorithm
 * Alliances 
 * Holy Roman Empire
 * Feudal Dynasties
 * College of Cardinals
 * Nations

Oversight Committee

 * Chief Overseer United Republic

The Night's Watch (Moderators)

 * Lord Commander Scrawland
 * Commander of the Shadow Tower Wolves
 * First Ranger Callumthered
 * First Steward Edgeofnight
 * The Mountain that Rides: Feudy McPlagueface
 * Septon Nathan1123


 * Overseer: United Republic

The Wildlings
All users currently on the wiki may play unless otherwise noted.

Banned Users
A ban from plausibility strikes lasts thirty days, after which the third strike is repealed and the banned player is unbanned. However, the newly unbanned player rejoins the game with two strikes, as a form of probation.
 * Bear - 1648

Banned temporarily

 * Dev - 1682 (60 days)

Plausibility Strikes
'''Three strikes and you're out! Each strike resets after 30 years of the most recent strike.'''
 * Bozi - I (1697)

Moderator Strikes
These are strikes for moderators and how they moderate. The same three strikes rules apply. If a moderator is banned from moderating, however, they can still play as their nation. Mod strikes can be delivered in one of three ways: Moderators can be given strikes for the following reasons:
 * 1) If a sufficient number of players (more than half of all players voting) vote to give a moderator a strike.
 * 2) If I, Scraw, give them a strike.
 * 3) If a majority of all mods (ie more than half of the total number of mods, excluding that moderator) vote to give a moderator a strike.
 * 1) Exhibiting bias that would benefit the nation they are playing.
 * 2) Exhibiting bias that would negatively affect a player they have a personal dispute with.
 * 3) Making a ruling that contradicts a proven fact from OTL or an established fact from earlier in the game.
 * 4) Overruling a decision of a majority of moderators.



1710
''' The Iroquois Confederacy continues to see more membership as tribes as far as South Carolina join the Native nation. compacts are made to prevent further European settlement to the east and many Burgundian and British fur traders are turned back if they are caught making the economic viability of being a Frontiersman less than ideal. '''

''' The Comanche Empire also now known as Comancheria concludes a series of treaties with tribes surrounding them effectively creating a buffer of native allies surrounding them, insulating them from Colonial incursion. All European incursion into the Great plains is blocked as the Comanche expand north in Earnest. '''

''' The Rozwi Empire keeps centralizing under their new emperor. They become rightfully feared as they are able to field one of the Largest armies in the region with nearly 50,000 in their direct forces. The Zulu having heard of this send envoys to establish contact. '''

''' Shinzo Abe enters Edo having finally subjugated all of the clans. While nearly 750,000 Japanese men and women lay dead, Shinzo remains resolute in his goals and restores power to the throne. However, with some conditions effectively preventing absolute rule under the Emperor or the Shogun with the council of Daimyo given power and stake in the government. '''

''' The formation and propogation of new Republican ideas begins to establish itself in the Italian league from the few Russian Republicans which escaped the country following the civil war. '''

''' The Russian Civil war remains a pressing concern in the east as the Great Russian Famine continues causing further death in the Russian populations. '''
 * Rashidun Caliphate:  The Caliphate fully develops Cairo as its proper city-state. The Kilab Al-Rub operate as military and guards, more than capable of enforcing justice and order within the city. The tithes and fees of the theocracy are deployed for the upkeep of the city and development of defenses. Fearing the impending invasion of the Coptics, the Muslim population of Cairo stand as one body, one grand congregation under the Caliph. The cities of the Nile Delta, all just north of Fayyum, manage to establish a collecitve defense in a league of city-states under the Ulema. Some ships are loaned from the Sultanate of Cyprus in order to re-open their trade with China through Gulangyu. The troops on loaned from Morocco are helpful in keeping these defenses north of Fayyum intact.
 * Jaffarid Sultanate: Culture continues to advance with the neo-classical style, adapting Greco-Roman designs to steadily replace the earlier baroque art. Technology continues to advance to stay on top of Europe. Most of the technology is used to harvest natural resources and export them to strengthen the economy. The forces from Cyprus push south to help defend Lower Egypt with the Caliphate troops. As Asmara is occupied, the military attempts further invasion of Ethiopia towards the Amhara Valley.
 * Ethiopian Empire: With the court fully integrated at Medinah Jamil, the Emperor Iyasu works to develop the new nation internally. New irrigation policies are used to combat future problems of famine and drought, redirecting the Blue Nile over the more arid regions in the north. The Coptic Church is organized in the nation with the same hierarchy as it had before the war, administrated by Pope John XV. The Monks of the Ark of the Covenant are given particularly generous donations from the government, in the hopes of attracting divine aid for their war. The Emperor welcomes any voluntary conversion from Islam. However, the Empire does not condone the murder of innocent Muslims native to the conquered regions. Prince Theodore becomes well-known as a legendary leader back in Ethiopia, and is hailed as the greatest warrior of the nation. Theodore sends a dispatch of 20,000 troops to Eritrea, which barrels down on the invading Jaffarid forces and routes them back to Asmar. The remaining 180,000 troops begin their attack at Fayyum on three sides.
 * Great Iberia: João II finally completes the process of centralizing Iberia into a unified kingdom (rather than a "composite monarchy" as before) after nearly two centuries of gradual centralization and reforms. Aragon and Castile are joined with Portugal to form the Kingdom of Iberia (or Spain), and their vassals are incorporated into the royal domain. The reforms represent a significant advancement for the lesser constituent kingdoms, and thus prove popular in Leon, Catalonia, Valencia, Sardinia, and the Balearic Isles. Aragon immediately protests the loss of their vassals and revolts, mustering a small force. Without the support of their former vassals, however, the rebellion is confined to Aragon proper. The situation is more peaceful in Castile: the majority support the union, but the elites of eastern Castile oppose. Still, the council agrees, forming the Iberian nation, of which João II rules as an absolute monarch. João II sends an army of 23,000 into Aragon, meeting the Aragonese rebels in battle. Meanwhile, with a lull in the fighting and the colonies' inability to support large armies for an extended period, most troops in Méxica, Nova Lusitânia, and the other colonies involved in the colonial war return to the Iberian Peninsula. Garrisons are maintained in the forts of Benguela, as well as major cities in other colonies, but overall the focus shifts to small scale naval warfare and coastal expeditions rather than battles won by sheer numbers of land forces (which have proven to extremely costly, risky engagements, dealing heavy casualties to the losing side). A trading post is founded at Elmina. The existing factories at Arguin and Bissau are expanded. Benguela expands into the interior. Iberian colonists make counter-raids against the aggressive eastern Apache, but attempt to conclude treaties with several tribal chiefs concerning trade and alliance against the greater threat of the Comanche. In practice, however, these alliances are almost always used for internal conflicts, and the general attitude of hostility remains present. Sporadic raiding and trading are common, but both sides are too exhausted and unorganized to commit to a war. Horses are also introduced to some of the Apache tribes.
 * Last Turn made it entirely clear the Apache are beyond you in this regard. They arent competing they have already outcompeted the others. Also no way you can realistically predict their movements, find them, and prevent further migrations or raids in a single year. They just got here and made very effective and horrifying raids on colonists.. people not used to this kind of thing. They didnt militarize in a year.. -Feud
 * Papal States: The military modernisation begun a few years ago continues. In Bologna Universiy, the school of law accepts a woman, a religious sister from Rome, to study for a degree in canon law. Although initially opposed by some of the conservative professors, the sister's eloquence, and Pope Cornelius' encyclical Mulieris honore change their minds. Mzerka is advised not to forcefully convert neighbouring tribes through war, but to use missionaries to peacefully gain adherents. However if those neighbouring pagan tribes attack Christians, that would indeed be a just cause to go to war. The Papal envoy to the Mzerka passes on a gift of a chest of gold pieces, enough to purchase a large number of weapons from Iberian traders.  Missionaries in Arcadia make contact with the Iroquois and begin proseletysing to them and sharing medical knowledge [Mod approval/response]. The Papal Nuncio to Japan gives the Emperor, Shogun, and Daimyo Council precious gifts, and humbly requests that they uphold the rights of the significant Catholic population [Mod response please]. In Sothern Africa, the Immaculata missionaries make contact with the Rowzi, asking for permission to establish missions in the great Empire, as well as offering their scientific and medical knowledge [another Mod response please]. Missions continue in all the usual places.
 * Malaya: An astronomer attempts to launch a rocket to the Moon. Strapping gunpowder satchels to the rocket, he theorises the rocket will hit the Moon and explode, causing a notable explosion and deriving the distance from the Earth to the Moon from there. The plan fails, as the rocket barely surpassed the trees in the area before coming down on said astronomer's head. This experiment was not in vain, and knowledge was gained on the damage to the head caused by explosions. Advancement through the rainforests of Borneo continue, gaining territory in the process. It is estimated the extent of Malayan territory will reach the east Bornean coast in a few years.
 * Hawaii: A number of skirmishes are fought between Kamehameha and Kahekili II on and around the islands of Kahoolawe, Lānaʻi, and Molokaʻi. Kamehameha ultimately agrees to peace with O’ahu midway through the year, hoping to consolidate his rule over the newly conquered islands, and also give his army time to recover and replenish. The ruling class of Maui is greatly shifted, with nobles who were reluctant to support Kamehameha having their power diminished, and those who supported the Hawaiians being elevated in Maui society. A vast amount of land previously owned by dissident or now deceased nobles is seized by the king, including essentially all of Lānaʻi and Kahoolawe. The king offers his veterans sections of the land for free if they agree to move to the land with their families, leading to a colonization of the newly conquered islands by loyal Hawaiian families, and later others, who flock to follow the migration of the army. The farming techniques from the island of Hawaii proper are transferred west, leading to a greater harvest the following year. On Kahoolawe the settlement of Hakioawa grows into a town, while on Lānaʻi, Kahemano becomes the largest settlement on the island. The king himself travels to Kahemano beach to do some fishing, declaring the spot the best place in Hawaii for fishing, leading to rapid settlement of the island. On Maui towns such as Wailuku, Kahului, Lahaina, and Hana experience a boom in population, and the king orders that ports be constructed in these towns in the fashion of Hawaii proper, to further facilitate trade between the islands, and to facilitate the growing and recovering Hawaiian war fleet. With the war now over the king hopes to continue his late father’s policies of improvement and expansion, and orders that a royal road be constructed on Hawaii. Additionally he sends out the largest, most well armed and equipped, expedition to the southern islands to date. The group lands on Tūpai, which they call Kohala Atoll, and constructs a camp. They spend the next year exploring and trading across the islands. They spend time on Tahiti, where they manage to acquire breadfruit plants, which they bring back to Kohala Atoll. Hoping to create a more permanent outpost in the southern islands, they establish a farm of breadfruit, taro, and other plants near their camp. Similar trips are made to the islands in the west as well.
 * Kingdom of Mzerka and Wiyot: We ask Iberia if we can buy 1000 black powder guns from them and if they can improve our habour plus building five more boats making us have total of ten boats. We will pay with the gold gotten from the papal states(Iberia response). We continue to modernise our army (BTW, how big can my army be) by getting it more standardized by having the government pay for the armour and weapons but not tools. We also get more elks and more wool from them. The first Painting of Amadeus Diltwa is made in Mzer. We also send 20 explorers to explore north of Mzerka and its surrounding tribes.(Mod response)
 * Angu-Zia Union: Trade with the Bilibil ushers an increase of prosperity for the Angu-Zia. Namton Tingu A'fao Koito begins working on spreading the beliefs of the Angu to the Zia, including their mummification and raiding tactics. The four clan animals of the Zia also become important aspects of the Angu belief system as the Angu and Zia integrate further.
 * United Kingdom of Great Britain: This new wave of Baroque music from Cheshire is celebrated at court and in high society. A road connecting Dundee to Aberdeen is finished and in addition the English Midlands continue to have more canals built. The Army of Islamic India maintains itself at Guddu and Modasa and the army is split between these two forts with 30,000 each while trade flourishes with states in India bringing in Asian wealth. Due to the threat to French Indian ports, Kakinda and Berunga continue to have 5000 troops for the Army of Islamic India and paid overseas rates for their deployment. There is an expansion of libraries at the universities in a move to push forwards science. England's non- Arcadian colonies continue to receive a steady settlement. In an attempt to reduce the number of fires more wooden houses are removed and replaced with stones houses while plumbing is worked on in London to allow better fire fighting. There is a rise in the use of the seed drill throughout Britain. Agricultural revolution continues to work with the country continuing use of land reclamation, four field crop rotation and enclosures. England has 6.5 million people and inside of that London has a population of 0.8 million, Wales has 0.6 million Ireland has 1.6 million people and Scotland 0.9 million people. The army now has 16,000 in England, 15,000 in Scotland, 10,000 in Scotland and 5000 in Wales and an additional 9000 troops are overseas with 4000 in Arcadia, 1000 in Haiti as well as 250 in St George, St Helena, New Canterbury and Bay of Kost. 1000 sliders and 30 ships are in French Africa. 2000 men are maintained in New Valois to help the French defend it. The fleet is divided with 150 ships stationed in Portsmouth and 120 ships stationed in Bristol. Privateer continues and trade with colonies in a triangular trade going through Africa, America and Europe.
 * British Arcadia: These Iroquois are respected and all no pushing into their land. There is continued expansion of 50px into south New Essex with more settlers setting up farms on the eastern banks of the river Stour and moving south as far as Lake Crony (OTL Lake Seminole). There is continued migration to the colonies as business of cash crops is booming. The population of the English Arcadia is 1.9 million.
 * Belkan Empire: The Belkan empire continues to operate inside Russia's civil war with 40,000 troops remaining to help during the final battles in Russia. The Belkan forces having witnessed the new tactics of combat undertaken during the civil war, the Belkan army avoids the explosive shells due to their extreme unreliability. However, the new shock tactics with cavalry, as well as the heavy handed combat tactics of the elite Grenadier regiments have been successfully implemented into the army. The Naval expansion also continues with the patrol routes having expanded past Krete effectively surrounding Krete with Belkan ships and trade shipping. The economy of Belka continues to expand and with the protected shipping routes from the caliphate all the way to Belka the economy has re-opened a pretty clear lifeline to the Caliphates economy. The Previous offer if sent again to Cyprus (nate). The Belkan advisors are sent to Ionia to help them keep up to date militarily and some light investment is made into helping the Principality stay on its feat and fortify itself against the Muslims to the East. The re-centralization of Croatia is taken around Sibenik an Zadar with Sibenik being renamed the Provincial capital of Croatia and Zadar named the chief port of Croatia. A wave of Settlement comes from Serbia and Slovenia (Trieste) respectively which sees a notable belkan ethnic influx into both cities alongside some moderate intermixing of populations. The Agricultural revolution remains a prominent feature as more kids are born. With many people finally not dying in massive wars which saw almost one million Belkans perish in the last century in one way or another, the Empire is noticeably stabilizing its population growth.
 * Cyprus dip: The Sultan of Cyprus accepts help to stay independent
 * Swiss Confederacy: The Swiss Mercenary Corps grows to 2000 people, including medics, travelers, and soldiers. They are small but skilled and are very good at traversing rough and mountainous terrain. Hans Zurenberg has compiled an experimental dictionary of new Swiss and has introduced it into use at his University, the University of European Linguistics. He has begun including the entirety of the university in this endeavor. The automated plow has been finalized and has been set to work in Swiss farms in Three Leagues. It uses experimental steam power and uses a crank to speed up plowing. Swiss engineers also begin to manufacture a faster gun for use in the Swiss Mercenary Corps. The Diplomats in Wallis and Freiburg increase relations, bringing them closer under the Swiss sphere of influence. Swiss birth rates and culture are on a steady rise. Several diplomats are sent to Burgundy to better relations and to help open up a University of Burgundian Culture in Zurich along with the University of Belkan Culture and University of Islamic Culture. Burgundy Diplomatic Response Please.
 * ​Rashidun Dip: Some great Imams travel from Cairo to Geneva to help teach Orientalism at the "Swiss Mecca"
 * Bengal Empire: After many years of planning, the empire has figured out a plan to invade and conquer Northern India. This plan is known by the military and government as Apārēśana suprima. 123,000 men are sent into Madhya Pradesh to conquer the region with artillery, cannons, muskets, other flintlock weapons, swords, and bow and arrow. In a year the region is occupied and work's toward a treaty have begun (An algo will be out shortly). In the mean time, 230,000 men are put on standby to invade Uttar after a declaration of war late this year. To keep things under control, only Bengali militants are armed, all non-military weapons are either confiscated or destroyed, and citizens that had been effected severely are given protection,food, and shelter. Meanwhile, back in the homeland of the empire and its colonies, the nation continues to invest heavily on development and infrastructure. the annual budget for education and infrastructure rise by 12%. Mines in Burma continue to be quite successful and has successfully lead to a more richer province. Burdaganian Weaponry yard is built this year and has produced a variety of well and very efficient forms of weaponry for the military and a new type of Cannon is currently being designed in the yard and production should begin next year. Sea defenses are increased significantly across all of the empire's coastline due to tan order declared by the Emperor. 96 heavily sturdy ships have been designed this year to begin patrolling the Bay of Bengal to do reports out at sea on storm development to save more time for people to be aware of any incoming storm by at least several hours. Coastlines are also developed further and businesses flourish due to some people taking vacations from inland Bengal to the shore during hot days but are usually done by the more wealthy population or people that live close to the coast. 100 ships are ordered to be built by the navy in two years time 65 of which are megaships which are infamous for their size and superiority and destruction caused by them. Our goal to spread islam continues with missionaries being sent to Nepal and the Shan States. Also we continue to push our political influence across Indochina and Nepal plus the Shan states. We send a request for the Shan States and Nepalese government to join the empire and unite Burma and Northern India (MOD Response).
 * ​The Shan States, feeling pressured between China and Bengal, opt for Bengalese protection. The Nepalese refuse. ~Cal
 * Russia: The civil war begins to wind down, Moscow falls under Seige from both sides. Most of the traditionalists forces are tied up in several large encirclement battles, however both sides are continually losing men because of the famine. Tsar Pyotr declares ultimate victory. However, it will take another year before the traditionalists fall.
 * Mapuche: We continue to expand along the OTL Sadalo River  (I need my past turns updated to the map)  and continue to settle around and cultivate the area. The child of out king begins to walk, but however has been acting in a very strange way, almost in a more informed and logical but completely anti-social matter.
 * Mapuche: We continue to expand along the OTL Sadalo River  (I need my past turns updated to the map)  and continue to settle around and cultivate the area. The child of out king begins to walk, but however has been acting in a very strange way, almost in a more informed and logical but completely anti-social matter.


 * Swahili: We continue our agriculture policies. The army continues convincing contracted servants. Areas interior to Mombasa and Malindi is colonized. We also send out conquistadors to expand northwards into more northern Somalia. We continue colonial expansion. We adapt more plants to the Swahili climate. We continue expanding southwards. Agriculture advancements continues. Several libraries are built in Swahili. Colonisation continues its rate of increase. The mercenary company continue traveling in Europe, finding employment. Technological advances begin as a result of the cultural and technological exchanges in the embassies. The military is now developed to be more similar to the Caliphate. Log tables are printed and given to both ships and artillery corps. A naval college is established in Zanzibar and Mogadishu for naval officers. Telescopes are also mass produced for naval captains, artillery corps and officers. Flintlock firearms also begin to be tested and manufactured in Swahili. Line infantry tactics are adopted by the Royal Guards. As a result, a professional line infantry army is developed as new soldiers are conscripted to act as a permanent force in the military. Mortars are adopted from the Caliphate Army also. The Oromo cavalry is reorganized and learns new tactics from the Caliphate. Seed drills come in widespread use in Swahili, as well as a light but sturdy Malindi Plough (OTL Rotherham Plough). The first Swahili Scientific Journal is published, as well as the formation of the Swahili Sultanate Society of Sciences. Saqee develops the Saqee numbers (OTL Bernoulli numbers). As a result of advances in mineral sciences and chemistry, Swahili joins the Caliphate in its race of discovering elements. The mathematician Tayeer also develops the Tayeer series, a method of approximating functions as infinite sums. A spiritual revival in Swahili begins, leading to several influential preachers beginning to preach slightly modified versions of Islam.
 * Sultanate of Qamar: Qamar is further developed.
 * Lakshadweep: The island of Lakshadweep is further developed.

1711
''' Due to low sunspot activity Europe sees its coldest winter on record (1711-1712). Lagoons as far south as Venice Freeze over, and the Great Russian Famine becomes an outright catastrophe as the freeze culiminates in wiping out more people bringing the final death count of the Russian Famine at five million. '''

''' The Apache after two years of back and forth harassment leave the gulf coast region heading northeast with horses as well as firearms in tow. '''

''' The Dutch economy once again begins to boom being the most sophisticated and developed in Europe due to the various dutch economic innovations which remain ahead of most other nations. This makes immigration to the colonies economically viable for many Burgundians who wish to avoid further war in Europe '''

''' The Further development of Japan/s new rudimentary political system finally leaves a series of documents which explicitly outline the powers of the Emperor, the Shogun, the 12 Holy Families (12 most powerful clans in Japan) and in finality establishes a court system to apply to all of Japan to decide legal matters and the legitimacy of actions of Executive and Legislative factions in the government. '''

''' The Rozwi Empire expands south slowly hoping to gain its own port along the south-eastern coast. The territory unclaimed to the Southeast is ripe for Rozwi expansion. '''


 * Rashidun Caliphate: The Caliphate fully develops Cairo as its proper city-state. The Kilab Al-Rub operate as military and guards, more than capable of enforcing justice and order within the city. The tithes and fees of the theocracy are deployed for the upkeep of the city and development of defenses. Fearing the impending invasion of the Coptics, the Muslim population of Cairo stand as one body, one grand congregation under the Caliph. The cities of the Nile Delta, all just north of Fayyum, manage to establish a collective defense in a league of city-states under the Ulema. Some ships are loaned from the Sultanate of Cyprus in order to re-open their trade with China through Gulangyu. The troops on loaned from Morocco Fall back from Fayyum to help defend Lower Egypt proper.
 * Jaffarid Sultanate: Culture continues to advance with the neo-classical style, adapting Greco-Roman designs to steadily replace the earlier baroque art. Technology continues to advance to stay on top of Europe. Most of the technology is used to harvest natural resources and export them to strengthen the economy. The combined forces of Cyprus, Morocco and the KIlab Al-Rub combine to stop the advancement of the Coptic troops at the ancient city of Saqarra. Falling back from the Amhara valley, the Jaffarids hold out at Asmara with the combined defenses from Swahili. A new invasion of Egypt begins to be organized, in hopes of sending troops across Sinai and help secure Lower Egypt for the Caliph.
 * Ethiopian Empire: With the court fully integrated at Medinah Jamil, the Emperor Iyasu works to develop the new nation internally. New irrigation policies are used to combat future problems of famine and drought, redirecting the Blue Nile over the more arid regions in the north. The Coptic Church is organized in the nation with the same hierarchy as it had before the war, administrated by Pope John XV. The Emperor welcomes any voluntary conversion from Islam. However, the Empire does not condone the murder of innocent Muslims native to the conquered regions. Prince Theodore finally crushes at Fayyum, but his exhausted troops are then stopped at Saqarra and forced back. Meanwhile, Asmara is besieged, but the support from Swahili makes it difficult to secure. It is a critical time for the budding Empire, Seeing itself close to stalling its advancement on all sides against the Muslim world.
 * Russia: Tsar Giorgi surrenders, and so does the traditionalist faction bringing the civil war to an end. 7.5 Million have died, the population started the second decade of the 18th century with the same population Russia was at in 1600. Rebuilding immediately begins. Tsar Pyotr, completely unchallenged, declares the Russian Imperium. His reasoning to declare Russian and empire, or Imperium, is from an interest as Russia as a Fourth Rome, counter to the Papal Church, and even the Belkan Empire. The Russian army is immediately reduced from 700,000 to a small skeleton force of 25,000 professional soldiers to keep order on the streets. Fearing these Republican idea's spread from the Republicans, Tsar Pyotr installs himself as supreme leader, and abolishes the Minister System. In light of the mood, many String Baroque musicians pop up. For the first time, cello's are used as a combination between a rhythm guitar and percussion set.


 * Great Jin: The Empress dowager Lee Young-sam finally suppresses the Guizhou revolt and the Korean separatist movement, but has done so by cutting down funds to various ministries to mitigate a severe shortage of gold bullion (caused by dissidents organizing raids on gold mines). With a power vacuum in the Korean provinces caused by the purge in the aristocracy, the state-council temporarily abolishes the imperial examination system and institutes an interim system of appointment. The regent begins promoting various pro-union clans into higher more influential ranks to secure the stability of the region. Meanwhile, the reconstruction of the Korean economy to pre-conflict levels is made a top priority; mines are opened to harness gold fields (to fund the effort), and a policy of the full-utilization of all idle resources is implemented. The outflow of people however, has left the Korean peninsula less populated, easing the redevelopment of infrastructure. To fit a less agrarian and more commerce-based economy, canals are built and roads are paved. Industrial complexes and arsenals are reconstructed and revamped to more modern models. The task of building housing complexes is taken by state officials. With many serfs fleeing north to the plains of Manchuria, many of these serfs are emancipated into the peasant sangmin caste and handed out free parcels of land to stall a sudden movement of people southwards. In response to the Bengali vassalization of the Shan states (which is a tributary of China), emissaries are sent to Bengal demanding that they give back the Shan states, threatening to commit retaliatory punitive actions. Emissaries are sent to nearby Japan to observe their centralization attempts.
 * Al-Afriqia State: Sunhaib, the prison escapee, is found by the border guards near the border with his family. Sunhaib is properly killed, while his wife and child escape into the woods. Sultan Aseel, after hearing this news, throws a party and marries another woman: Najaat el-Rizk. Within the year, they have a child: Abdul Hakeem al-Hussein, which will be the successor to Aseel. The first library is built within the state, titled the "أخمغ /هلاقشقغ خب ~شغقهق (Holy Library of Zayiyr)". The library is home to numerous fiction and non-fiction stories, as well as other pieces of literature. "Purge of the Inferior" continues, with an estimated 197,730 deaths, with the general population having decreased to 800,000.
 * Dakshinapath|South India: The Sulba Sutras, works of Pingala, Jain mathematics, the Bakhshali manuscript, the Surya Siddhanta, the Aryabhatiya, the Pancha Siddhanta, Brahmagupta's theorems, works of Bhaskara-1, Virasena, Mahavira, Shridhar, Manjul, Aryabhatta-2, Shripati, Nemichandra Chakravarti and Bhaskara-2 are widely circulated texts and are used by the Kerala School of Mathematics and Astronomy and at the Universities of Tanjore, Madurai and Mysore. The Kerala School combines the various works of Indian mathematicians into well-defined theories, making advancements in Trigonometry and the use of calculus as a great problem-solving tool. The economy and the spice market has now recovered bringing in wealth from the outside world and greater trade. The use of the Malindi plough which is more commonly known as the Swahili plough continue to grow.
 * Malaya: Scholars at the Malayan Universities publish their findings on "possession" and how to identify it. Many people come forth and present those they find to be "possessed". Most of these people do not completely fit the criteria, and are sent back save for a few that exhibit entirely different characteristics. A Burgundian-Malayan physicist in Alor Setar, Pich Celeste creates a thermometer that uses quicksilver imported from China. He declares the surrounding temperature to be on his Celeste scale to be zero degrees Celeste, and variation occurs from there. Although proven to be quite useful, many are not convinced as mercury still strikes them as a potent poison. The Royal Academy of Shadow Theatre is declared open by the King himself, allowing many to learn the art of shadow theatre as a common practice.
 * Kingdom of Mzerka and Wiyot: We keep Exploring inland of the continent and We send Missionaries to other tribes to convert them to Christianity(mod response). We mine more gold and we begin to make jewelry and coin with it. We also make more weapons and armour for our soldiers and we try to get more elks soldiers . We begin to introduce slings again in our army as a back up weapon for Guns and we begin to use them for scouting troops. We found the Royal Guard a small guard of 25 soldiers with guns and slings. These soldiers are the best of the best and they are used to defend the King and his family. These men aren't only guards but they also have some advisory role.
 * Belkan Empire: The Empire finally sees its supported faction in the Russian Civil War win. the 40,000 troops remaining within Russia which participated in the final battles of the civil war particularly the battle of Moscow which gave critical information fo the Belkan armies on how to conduct modern urban warfare. The Bloody affairs of Russia being over Czar Petar turns to focus on his heirs. His son Vladimir and his second son Kiril are carefully groomed and trained with Vladimir notable made out to be an adverterous, smart, and strong boy, while Kiril is sickly but very aware. Czar Petar takes the time out to personally redivide the army to hold very strong apparent garrison duties throughout the empire. The Strongest force of 25,000 is to handle the entire Greater Bulgar region and the Vlach plain. with another 5000 to handle the Frontiers of Moldavia and Transylvania as well. Another force of 10,000 is sent Serbia to handle the garrison of the capital as well as the now heavily developed regions within Belgrad and Sarajevo. Another 15,000 is Sent to Croatia to handle the Garrison of its major forts specifically the Trieste fort, and the major cities in the region. This is done specifically to promote safety all throughout belka, through its highways to its cities, and to foster and develop some of the safest trade routes in Europe.
 * United Kingdom of Great Britain: The freeze being this year on one hand is obviously bad for people who don't like cold on the other hand it leads to a large number of games and skating at first on the Thames but it spreads increasingly with it occurring in many major towns but as casualties rise from accidents the King has to end the winter fun fearing for safety. Some farmers who suffer from the cold move to Arcadia where it is warmer. The Army of Islamic India maintains itself at Guddu and Modasa and the army is split between these two forts with 30,000 each while trade flourishes with states in India bringing in Asian wealth. Due to the threat to French Indian ports, Kakinda and Berunga continue to have 5000 troops for the Army of Islamic India and paid overseas rates for their deployment. There is an expansion of libraries at the universities in a move to push forwards science. England's non- Arcadian colonies continue to receive a steady settlement. In an attempt to reduce the number of fires more wooden houses are removed and replaced with stones houses while plumbing is worked on in London to allow better fire fighting. There is a rise in the use of the seed drill throughout Britain. Agricultural revolution continues to work with the country continuing use of land reclamation, four field crop rotation and enclosures. England has 6.5 million people and inside of that London has a population of 0.8 million, Wales has 0.6 million Ireland has 1.6 million people and Scotland 0.9 million people. The army now has 14,000 in England, 14,000 in Scotland, 10,000 in Scotland and 5000 in Wales and an additional 9000 troops are overseas with 7000 in Arcadia, 1000 in Haiti as well as 250 in St George, St Helena, New Canterbury and Bay of Kost. 1000 sliders and 30 ships are in French Africa. 2000 men are maintained in New Valois to help the French defend it. The fleet is divided with 150 ships stationed in Portsmouth and 120 ships stationed in Bristol. Privateer continues and trade with colonies in a triangular trade going through Africa, America and Europe.
 * British Arcadia: These Iroquois are respected and all no pushing into their land. Fearing the growing native issue more troops from Britain are moved over to Arcadia. The Parliament of British Arcadia is formed with a House of Commons and Lords in effect making British Arcadia in a personal union with Britain as opposed to a colony. The House of Commons has 302 members and 48 Lords are appointed. This Parliament has much internal autonomy although foreign policy is still held by Britain and trade goes through Britain as part of the navigation acts. Arcadia is divided into a series of regions from north to south, West Avalon, East Avalon, New York, Henry's land, New Gwynedd, Kappel and New Essex The population of the English Arcadia is 1.9 million. These designations mean little in actual governance. The 7000 troops in Arcadia are spread out with 1000 in New York, 3000 in Henry's land, 1000 in New Gwynedd and the remaining 2000 are divided between the remaining areas. In addition local militia forces do exist but they aren't standing and are spread out although they are armed. Defences are strengthened due to the growing threat of natives. Colonists do continue to move over since their is still good cash to be made from farming even in the claimed lands as large plantation owners allow sharecropping. So some migration still occurs and fur trading in and and north of Avalon though trading with natives to west of British Arcadia ends. The population of British Arcadia is at 1.9 million. Most of the population remains rural but ports do exist.
 * France: There is a continued expansion of the colonies especially as people migrate due to the major frost which makes some people wish for warmer climates. These people move outwards and work on growing cash crops. Generally France is fine with the winter affecting parts of the country more than others and those receiving aid from the King. Trade continues internationally while the King inspects the army declaring them to be a good professional force.
 * Angu-Zia Union: Trade with the Bilibil ushers an increase of prosperity for the Angu-Zia. Namton Tingu A'fao Koito continues working on spreading the beliefs of the Angu to the Zia, including their mummification and raiding tactics. The four clan animals of the Zia also become more and more important aspects of the Angu belief system as the Angu and Zia integrate further.
 * Great Iberia: Under pressure from the Aragonese, Catalonia, Valencia, Majorca, and Sardinia join the revolt. King João II initially perceives his decision to send troops as a misstep, and attempts to negotiate with Aragon. However, emboldened by their newfound support, the Aragonese reject negotiations and the Iberian diplomat is killed by an unruly mob while leaving Zaragoza. The unrest quickly escalates into a general revolt as discontented Castilians, Basques, and Catalans rally against Portuguese rule. Leon remains loyal to the king, sending 5000 of their own troops to support him. The frost of 1711 contributes to the failure of the campaign against Aragon. Iberian troops fighting in the mountains of Aragon suffer high casualties and attrition. At the same time, plague erupts in Barcelona, bringing famine to the rest of the peninsula. The Crown's army is forced to retreat due to the conditions. Rebel forces seize the opportunity and invade Castile, while Basque Country openly revolts, protesting high taxes. The frost affects other parts of northern Iberia, especially Leon, Galicia, the Pyrenees, and Mallorca. Meanwhile, Sardinian rebels seize the island of Corsica, a de jure Portuguese territory. The colonies expand rapidly and independently despite the civil war. The river networks of Maranhão are further explored and colonized. Mêcicipi expands upriver, building forts to cement their claims. Aruaque expands into the interior.
 * Swiss Confederacy: The automated plow is a success, with farmers reaping twice what they normally reap per minute. This allows them to store enough food for the cold winter. A Burgundian Culture university is opened up and the first women enter the various universities. The Swiss Mercenary Corps grows to 5000 and they are equipped with standard flintlock rifles. Gretta "Ashraqat" Lanfurnen, an engineer at the university of Islamic culture, has been studying guns from the Muslim Golden Age, guns made in the Netherlands, and guns recently made in Belkas in an attempt to create a faster, easier to reload rifle. Another engineer begins trying to create a sun powered energy storer that will be able to power a variety of automated devices.
 * Not a chance -Feud
 * Mapuche: We continue to expand down the OTL Saldalo River and start to go down the Pacific coast as well. The child of our king continues to act in odd ways, noting concern from the nobility and the others in power. A few men up in the military start to deconstruct some of the guns that were obtained years back, and begin to get an idea of how they work.


 * Swahili: We continue our agriculture policies. The army continues convincing contracted servants. Areas interior to Mombasa and Malindi is colonized. We also send out conquistadors to expand northwards into more northern Somalia. We continue colonial expansion. We adapt more plants to the Swahili climate. We continue expanding southwards. Agriculture advancements continues. Several libraries are built in Swahili. Colonisation continues its rate of increase. Seed drills come in widespread use in Swahili, as well as a light but sturdy Malindi Plough (OTL Rotherham Plough).The mercenary company returns home. Technological advances speed up as a result of the cultural and technological exchanges in the embassies. The military begins to adopt more flintlock weapons as we slowly transition to a pure firearm military. The socket bayonet is developed from Caliphate and European models. The line infantry army continues being trained. Artillery and cavalry corps are being remodeled and reorganized. The Sultan prepares a campaign against the Imerina to showcase the progress from the military reforms. 
 * Sultanate of Qamar: Qamar is further developed.
 * Lakshadweep: The island of Lakshadweep is further developed.
 * Olungu: Olungu expands and is further developed.
 * Bengal Empire: After the occupation of Madhya, a treaty is held and the region is annexed into the empire. The conquest was not yet finished though. After a declaration of war on Uttar an invasion had been committed from the southern border with 200,000 troops rushing into the state. In one year all of its military is destroyed. The region is then successfully occupied and all resisteace forces are either captured by Bengali troops or are killed if they commit a crime against the newly installed government. Nonetheless, the people of these two states are given citizenship by the year's end and rebuilding begins. For now no wars are planned for the near future but instead, the Empire and the government are concentrating on the future by building up infrastructure using designs from French, English, and Chinese architects but also including our own mix of designing processes and work. Development continues to be key in the empire and most homes in the nation are more suitable and fit into modern standards of living. the Navy continues to expand with more ports being built and with the success of the National Art Museum in Mas Ubai, three other museums have become open to the public with one studying Natural History and the two others in Orissa for the study of art and culture. The Emperor this year goes on a tour across the empire and to Madhya to meet with the public and would like to help out and reach out to the new ctizenss of the empire. crop production continues to grow and more weaponry is produced. the Swahili ploughs now commonly used within plantations and farms across the empire with Chocolate, Vanilla,Sugar, and a variety of other spices still in high demand. Our trade because of this is quite successful and our economy continues to develop because of this.

1712
''' The waves of civil wars which have washed across Europe the last few decades have once against caused economic crises as the HRE still embroiled in internal conflict, the Franco-Iberian colonial war still underway as well as the Iberian Civil War underway has left much of the Western European economies in shambles. Notably the now peaceful British and Burgundians see economic boom. '''

''' The end of the Russian civil war sees the influx of new art and literature to Eastern Europe with the massive battles being described in literature and evoked accurately in paintings with some such as "The Siege of Tsaritsyn" and the "Shining at Kursk" making their way into the art world. '''

''' A critical error in the Maghrebi military planning leaves them uncharacteristically open to attack leaving a huge opportunity for the Ethiopians to take advantage of. '''

''' Maghrebi pirates in the Mediterranean are creating big problems for ships from all nations, especially Sicily and France. '''

 The  


 * Rashidun Caliphate:  The Caliphate fully develops Cairo as its proper city-state. The Kilab Al-Rub operate as military and guards, more than capable of enforcing justice and order within the city. The tithes and fees of the theocracy are deployed for the upkeep of the city and development of defenses. Fearing the impending invasion of the Coptics, the Muslim population of Cairo stand as one body, one grand congregation under the Caliph. The cities of the Nile Delta, all just north of Fayyum, manage to establish a collective defense in a league of city-states under the Ulema. Some ships are loaned from the Sultanate of Cyprus in order to re-open their trade with China through Gulangyu. The combined troops of Cyprus, Morocco and the Kilab Al-Rub work together to defend Saqarra and other defensive positions in Lower Egypt.


 * Jaffarid Sultanate: Culture continues to advance with the neo-classical style, adapting Greco-Roman designs to steadily replace the earlier baroque art. Technology continues to advance to stay on top of Europe. Most of the technology is used to harvest natural resources and export them to strengthen the economy. The combined forces of Cyprus, Morocco and the KIlab Al-Rub combine to stop the advancement of the Coptic troops at the ancient city of Saqarra. The invasion force in Asmara holds out to the last. A new invasion of 40,000 troops invade Egypt across the Sinai desert.
 * Ethiopian Empire: With the court fully integrated at Medinah Jamil, the Emperor Iyasu works to develop the new nation internally. New irrigation policies are used to combat future problems of famine and drought, redirecting the Blue Nile over the more arid regions in the north. The Emperor welcomes any voluntary conversion from Islam. However, the Empire does not condone the murder of innocent Muslims native to the conquered regions. The forces in Ethiopia finally manage to crush the city of Asmara, but not before the troops manage to retreat back to the Omani fleet and fall back to Arabia. The troops in the north, led by Prince Theodore, splits in two halfs. One part, led by Theodore, pushes eastward against the Sinai to combat the Jaffarid invasion. The clash of forces creates climactic battle formations across the desert. In the west, Coptic forces invade Libya and attack the remaining forces of Morocco.


 * Great Jin: The Empress dowager Lee Young-sam continues her policy of "Hannicization", replacing the bulk of the Chinese elite with ethnic Han Chinese as opposed to Koreans. However, she maintains the policy of promoting bilingualism, with the elite being able to speak in both Mandarin and Korean. The state-council declares Classical Chinese defunct, and instead standardizes the usage of the vernacular script of the Mandarin Beijing dialect. Following the change, emissaries are sent to various Chinese tributaries encouraging that the new standard is utilized as a lingua franca. To deal with the shortage of gold bullion, new mines are opened in Hamgyeong and Yunnan, with various small villages and hamlets (consisting mainly of miners and their extended families) being established as a result. The reconstruction of the Korean peninsula continues; industrial complexes (producing luxury-items like silk-based textiles and porcelain) and better transportation infrastructure (including canals and paved roads) is constructed to promote a less agrarian (following the outflow of many serfs and peasants north), commerce-based economy. The government institutes a system of corvée labour for criminals, to provide additional labour and hasten the reconstruction process. Due to many urban centres (barring Hanyang, which is walled) decimated, urban planners take this as an opportunity to establish a grid system.
 * Malaya: Taking inspiration from Bengal, the National History Museum opens in Malacca. It displays a variety of artifacts from the Malaccan State, as well as items from the Majapahit Empire. Roads in city centers are repaved to a smoother granite brick layout, allowing more efficient transportation. Construction on the Suria Cathedral is halfway complete, with the higher levels still being built. Mines are opened across the nation, as well as some in Sabah. Bornean expansion across Borneo is met with several indigenous peoples, and we respond to them in peace and leave them undisturbed. Agricultural activites continue in the eastern states and Sabah. The Celeste thermometer becomes a relatively unusual sight, mainly appearing in cheese cellars. Ports along the west coast are upgraded.
 * United Kingdom of Great Britain: The Army of Islamic India maintains itself at Guddu and Modasa and the army is split between these two forts with 30,000 each while trade flourishes with states in India bringing in Asian wealth. Due to the threat to French Indian ports, Kakinda and Berunga continue to have 5000 troops for the Army of Islamic India and paid overseas rates for their deployment. There is an expansion of libraries at the universities in a move to push forwards science. England's non- Arcadian colonies continue to receive a steady settlement. In an attempt to reduce the number of fires more wooden houses are removed and replaced with stones houses while plumbing is worked on in London to allow better fire fighting. There is a rise in the use of the seed drill throughout Britain. Agricultural revolution continues to work with the country continuing use of land reclamation, four field crop rotation and enclosures. The economic success is furthered by growing trading with other European nations offering loans and selling weapons which are produced in a growing London city. The Portsmouth naval academy is formed for officers as a centralised location for all to obtain commision. England has 6.5 million people and inside of that London has a population of 0.8 million, Wales has 0.6 million Ireland has 1.6 million people and Scotland 0.9 million people. The army now has 14,000 in England, 14,000 in Scotland, 10,000 in Scotland and 5000 in Wales and an additional 9000 troops are overseas with 7000 in Arcadia, 1000 in Haiti as well as 250 in St George, St Helena, New Canterbury and Bay of Kost. 1000 sliders and 30 ships are in French Africa. 2000 men are maintained in New Valois to help the French defend it. The fleet is divided with 150 ships stationed in Portsmouth and 120 ships stationed in Bristol. Privateer continues and trade with colonies in a triangular trade going through Africa, America and Europe. John Bull is first wirtten as a literary character.
 * British Arcadia: These Iroquois are respected and all no pushing into their land. Fearing the growing native issue more troops from Britain are moved over to Arcadia. The 7000 troops in Arcadia are spread out with 1000 in New York, 3000 in Henry's land, 1000 in New Gwynedd and the remaining 2000 are divided between the remaining areas. In addition local militia forces do exist but they aren't standing and are spread out although they are armed. Defences are strengthened due to the growing threat of natives. Colonists do continue to move over since their is still good cash to be made from farming even in the claimed lands as large plantation owners allow sharecropping. So some migration still occurs and fur trading in and and north of Avalon though trading with natives to west of British Arcadia ends. The population of British Arcadia is at 1.9 million. Most of the population remains rural but ports do exist.
 * Angu-Zia union: Trade with the Bilibil ushers an increase of prosperity for the Angu-Zia. Namton Tingu A'fao Koito continues working on spreading the beliefs of the Angu to the Zia, including their mummification and raiding tactics. The four clan animals of the Zia also become more and more important aspects of the Angu belief system as the Angu and Zia integrate further.
 * Hawaii: The royal road along the coast of Hawaii proper is completed. Infrastructure on the island of Hawaii continues to be improved with the additional funds from the king's tax. In particular agricultural land is expanded and ports are constructed. The construction of the war fleet continues. The king orders a large expedition to the southern islands, in which dozens of families, building supplies, and agriculture will be supplanted in the region. The group settles Moena, Nawaomoku, and Hokulea, and begins construction of farms and settlements. The islands are officially christened the Hema Pae 'Aina. Kamanawa, one of the king's allies, travels to the islands to be appointed chief, and settles on Moena.
 * Mapuche: We continue to expand down the OTL Saldalo River and start to go down the Pacific coast as well. The child of our king continues to act in odd ways, noting concern from the nobility and the others in power. A few men up in the military start to deconstruct some of the guns that were obtained years back, and begin to get an idea of how they work. After trying for about a year, they start to get a general idea of the device, but however are pondered and stumped atnthe material that causes the bullets to fire.
 * Russia: Rebuilding continues at a steady progress. In order to fit in with the Russian Imperial nationalism, Tsar Pyotr issues a new flag, one that will make his mark on the country. Tsar Pyotr also endorses he artistic explosion from the Civil War, commenting the construction of several monuments to the battles (and to another extent himself). Tsar Pyotr himself issues several military committees dedicated to the advancement of the military. Out east Bobrov "mysteriously" dies and is replaced by Lavr Giorgiyovich. Lavr immediately sends out reconnaissance missions to reestablish contact with the Arcadian colonies.
 * Swiss Confederacy: The Swiss invite emigrees from economically suffering HRE nations to live in the prospering democratic confederacy. An Eastern Orthodox Church is opened next to the Belkas Cultural University. The faster rifles have been largely a success and the Corps has been equipped with them. The largely isolated Swiss economy is mostly unaffected by the economic troubles of western Europe. A number of Swiss mercenaries also join in on the colonial wars and Iberian Civil War, gaining more experience. Some also settle down in Arcadia and Iberia, creating small settlements. The Unified Swiss language is almost finalized, and an experimental version is being taught at the linguistic university and at the democratic university, a radical experimental school in Zurich that is completely democratically run. A cold winter in some regions of the Alps slows down the population growth for a bit. A Swiss philosopher begins to theorize a form of government and resource management that is completely run by small councils, she calls it "syndicalism".
 * No way you unified the Swiss language that fast ... also OTL there wasn't a Swiss language, period -Feud


 * Swahili: We continue our agriculture policies. The army continues convincing contracted servants. Areas interior to Mombasa and Malindi is colonized. We also send out conquistadors to expand northwards into more northern Somalia. We continue colonial expansion. We adapt more plants to the Swahili climate. We continue expanding southwards. Agriculture advancements continues. Several libraries are built in Swahili. Colonisation continues its rate of increase. Seed drills come in widespread use in Swahili, as well as a light but sturdy Malindi Plough (OTL Rotherham Plough). Technological advances speed up as a result of the cultural and technological exchanges in the embassies.  The line infantry army continues being trained. The square formation is developed and adopted for anti-cavalry purposes. The first Swahili carbine is built in a manufactory in Mombasa. Artillery and cavalry corps are being remodeled and reorganized. Around 40,000 soldiers are moved to the province of Sakalava.
 * Sultanate of Qamar: Qamar is further developed.
 * Lakshadweep: The island of Lakshadweep is further developed.
 * Olungu: Olungu expands and is further developed.


 * Great Iberia: The early winter months are harsh, and the famine claims the lives of many more Iberians. After making unexpected gains into northern Castile, the Aragonese advance is finally halted by a Leonese-Portuguese army near Valladolid. The battle itself is a close engagement and only a technical victory for Iberia, but represents a turning point in the war. Aleixandro de Maderuelo, a prominent Aragonese commander and one of the leaders of the revolt, is killed during the fighting. The rest of the year sees the reversal of these gains, and the retreat of the rebels into Aragon. Of strategic interest is the city of Soria, which changes hands several times before falling to João II's forces in the Siege of Soria. As the King's forces march on Zaragoza and the army of Granada reaches Valencia, Valencia defects, fearing retribution after the war. Sardinia, Catalonia, and Majorca remain fiercely loyal to Aragon, but seeing the war turn against them, they decide to look for external support. The Kingdom of Sardinia secretly approaches the Grand Duke of Savoy for help, claiming some old dynastic ties to Savoy as their pretext, and that Savoy alone holds the rightful claim to the island of Corsica through the old Kingdom of Liguria. Meanwhile, Maranhão, Mêcicipi and Benguela continue expansion. João II seeks to improve relations with Europe by forging new alliances by marriage. Being heirless, he also seeks to provide an heir to the Braganza dynasty.
 * Kingdom of Mzerka and Wiyot: We keep Exploring inland of the continent and we send missionaries to other tribes to convert them to Christianity. We mine more gold and we begin to make jewelry and coin with it. We also make more weapons and armour for our soldiers and we try to get more elks soldiers . We begin to introduce slings again in our army as a back up weapon for Guns and we begin to use them for scouting troops. We also hear of a great Tribe and we here that there name Comache because this news we send a great amouth of scouts to that direction.

1713

 * Rashidun Caliphate:  The Caliphate fully develops Cairo as its proper city-state. The Kilab Al-Rub operate as military and guards, more than capable of enforcing justice and order within the city. The tithes and fees of the theocracy are deployed for the upkeep of the city and development of defenses. Fearing the impending invasion of the Coptics, the Muslim population of Cairo stand as one body, one grand congregation under the Caliph. The cities of the Nile Delta, all just north of Fayyum, manage to establish a collective defense in a league of city-states under the Ulema. Some ships are loaned from the Sultanate of Cyprus in order to re-open their trade with China through Gulangyu. The combined troops of Cyprus, Morocco and the Kilab Al-Rub work together to defend Saqarra and other defensive positions in Lower Egypt.


 * Jaffarid Sultanate: Culture continues to advance with the neo-classical style, adapting Greco-Roman designs to steadily replace the earlier baroque art. Technology continues to advance to stay on top of Europe. Most of the technology is used to harvest natural resources and export them to strengthen the economy. The combined forces of Cyprus, Morocco and the Kilab Al-Rub combine to stop the advancement of the Coptic troops at the ancient city of Saqarra. The invasion force in Asmara holds out to the last. The 40,000 fresh troops are forced back by the Ethiopians led by Theodore, and hold out at Mount Sinai itself.
 * Ethiopian Empire: With the court fully integrated at Medinah Jamil, the Emperor Iyasu works to develop the new nation internally. New irrigation policies are used to combat future problems of famine and drought, redirecting the Blue Nile over the more arid regions in the north. The Emperor welcomes any voluntary conversion from Islam. However, the Empire does not condone the murder of innocent Muslims native to the conquered regions. With Asmara fully retaken, the southern front turns towards the Oromo people in the far south, hoping to push them completely out fothe nation. In the north, the western front makes a sudden rush against the Moroccan forces, pushing into Libya. In the east, Prince Theodore successfully pushes back the Jaffarids using a double-envelopment maneuver, and pushes them into Sinai towards the Mountain of Moses. There a new battle formation is drawn, hoping to drive the Jaffarids back to the Brook of Egypt.
 * Swiss Confederacy: The syndicalists form a commune outside of Zurich where some crazy stuff happens. One member of the commune brews a powerful hallucinogen that becomes popular in the commune and in the more "bohemian" areas of Zurich. A fiery debate between a Muslim cleric, an Eastern Orthodox presbyter, a Waldensian minister, and a Catholic priest (not the start of a joke) on the nature of religion erupts in the town square of Bern. Various papers are based off the encounter which becomes known as the "Bern Debate". Syndicalist philosophers travel to nearby non-confederated cantons to convince the peasants to revolt against their lords.
 * Papal States: The military modernisation begun a few years ago continues. In Bologna Universiy, the religious sister graduates with a Bachelor in Canon Law. Many believe she is the first woman to do so. Missionaries in Arcadia make contact with the Iroquois and begin proseletysing to them and sharing medical knowledge [Mod approval/response]. The Papal Nuncio to Japan gives the Emperor, Shogun, and Daimyo Council precious gifts, and humbly requests that they uphold the rights of the significant Catholic population [Mod response please]. In Sothern Africa, the Immaculata missionaries make contact with the Rowzi, asking for permission to establish missions in the great Empire, as well as offering their scientific and medical knowledge [another Mod response please]. Missions continue in all the usual places.
 * In the Grand Duchy of Savoy, Ferrand approaches the envoys of the Sardinian revolt and pledges his support for their rebellion. Ferrand sends his premier general, Benoït Lacroix, to Corsega (Corsica) and begins creating defensive mechanisms to prevent blockade, siege, or landing. Grand Duke Ferrand, knowing that his claims is tenuous and that Iberia is strong, reaches out to his de jure liege, the French King, for further support defending Corsega. Meanwhile, as Ferrand hears of the syndicalist movement spread throughout the Swiss cantons, he urges the rulers of Wallis to unite as a quasi-independent realm within Savoy, in order to prevent the spread of radical ideas. (MOD RESPONSE) Our colony at Ribiera di Còmte continues to expand inwards, as the city of Ribiera becomes more and more of a commercial hub.
 * Hawaii: Infrastructure on the island of Hawaii continues to be improved with the additional funds from the king's tax. In particular agricultural land is expanded and ports are constructed. The construction of the war fleet continues. The settlements in Hema Pae 'Aina continue to grow, and trading with the Polynesians increases.
 * Mapuche: We continue to expand down the OTL Saldalo River and start expand down the Pacific coast as well. The child of our king continues to act in odd ways, noting concern from the nobility and the others in power. A few men up in the military start to deconstruct some of the guns that were obtained years back, and begin to get an idea of how they work. The generals finally realize as to what makes the guns fire, and they recognize that the powdery substance which makes the weapon fire is gunpowder. After recognizing this, the generals start to order merchants to search for it, so guns like the ones obtained a decade ago can be produced.


 * Swahili: We continue our agriculture policies. The army continues convincing contracted servants. Areas interior to Mombasa and Malindi is colonized. We also send out conquistadors to expand northwards into more northern Somalia. We continue colonial expansion. We adapt more plants to the Swahili climate. We continue expanding southwards. Agriculture advancements continues. Several libraries are built in Swahili. Colonisation continues its rate of increase. Seed drills come in widespread use in Swahili, as well as a light but sturdy Malindi Plough (OTL Rotherham Plough).Technological advances speed up as a result of the cultural and technological exchanges in the embassies.  The line infantry army continues being trained. The square formation is developed and adopted for anti-cavalry purposes. The ring bayonet is also developed. We declare war on the Imerina and attack them.
 * Sultanate of Qamar: Qamar is further developed.
 * Lakshadweep: The island of Lakshadweep is further developed.
 * Olungu: Olungu expands and is further developed.


 * Great Iberia: Zaragoza falls after a three month siege by King João II's forces, and with it the last Aragonese resistance on the peninsula. The rebels holding out inside Barcelona agree to surrender on terms, putting an end to Catalan involvement; most are pardoned and the unrest begins to die down. In September, Majorca and the Balearic Isles are recaptured by a large Portuguese fleet. Meanwhile, the Duke of Benavente leads an army of 9,000 into Basque Country, arresting and and executing several key figures. The Sardinians continue their revolt separately from Aragon and draw up a document detailing the status and laws of Sardinia, which they refer to as a self-ruling kingdom under Savoyan protection, but make no mention of France. Discontent with Portuguese rule among both the peasants and nobility of Sardinia has been commonplace for years now. Having quelled the Aragonese revolt, João II sends an expedition to liberate Corsica from occupation, expecting the rebels to surrender. The hastily assembled landing party is repelled by a well-prepared Sardinian force at the Battle of Corsica, with the Sardinians holding a numerical advantage in the battle and inflicting high casualties to the Iberians. João II neglects to send another expedition, giving Sardinia de facto independence for the time being, although a few ports on the west side of Sardinia are blockaded.