User:JorgeGG/Sandbox/From Sea to Shining Sea

Ideas and drafts of Communist-Controlled_America


 * General ideas


 * An entry of Sarah Leslie (19??-February 28, 1986), (plus a photo)
 * American transnational corporations (see below)
 * An entry of the American Workers Party (see below)


 * Names ATL
 * The Other Revolution
 * Welcome to the Revolution
 * Red Banners and Stars
 * The Coal Miner's Daughter (I know, I know It is already used but it could something similar in reference to Sarah Leslie the key protagonist of the ATL)
 * Rebirth of a Nation


 * Names Country (former US)
 * United Socialist Republics of America (USAR) / United Socialist Republics of North America (USNAR)
 * United/Union of North American Socialist Republics (UNASR)
 * United/Union of American Socialist Republics (UASR)
 * North American Socialist Union (NASU) / North American Socialist Federation (NASF)
 * American Socialist Union (ASU) / American Socialist Federation (ASF)
 * United Socialist Republics of America (USRA) / United Socialist Republics of North America (USRNA)
 * Federation of American Socialist Republics (FASR)

Sarah Leslie
Sarah Leslie, the People's President (1936-1953)

American transnational corporations

 * A Draft

With the triumph of the Revolution Corporate US had ceased to exist. The Revolution besides making wide scale changes in the property and management of private corporations being the most important ones like the automobile, mining, coal, steel, and manufacturing trusts and large companies nationalized had also to deal with overseas properties and interests of these. Despite the Law on the Overseas Property of Former US Companies, that established a process to inventory and evaluate their assets and allowed their full nationalization or joint State ownership by the country were they operate, came to null in most of the cases save for the ones operating in Mexico that were de facto nationalized by its government. Overseas property and Foreign interest were retaken or recognized by the capitalists countries in favor of expatriated Americans. The Treaty of Economic Cooperation and Mutual Assistance signed between Mexico and Revolutionary America enable the exchange of managers, built local management abilities and technological transfer to key areas like petroleum, chemicals, heavy industry and construction.

American capitalists (Blue Expats) were able to transfer their properties and control to newly created overseas headquarters in Europe (mainly London and Paris) and other countries. Surviving corporations were able to keep their patents outside America and successfully contest their rights at law courts where cases were resolved in their favor.

For example The Mobil and Exxon Corporations were able to keep running their oil extraction and refineries after establishing in Canada and UK. American Tobacco Company, AT&T Corp already having interests outside America keep their managements and boards but settled in London. The big three automobile manufactures Ford Motor Company, General Motors and Chrysler consolidate of what was left outside America and force the merger of smaller American companies and dealers. United Fruit, Standard Fruit, and Cuyamel moved to the Panama Canal and functioned as before the Revolution in Central America and the Caribbean but now adding as new market for their products the British Commonwealth and Europe. High technology companies like aircraft, chemical, electrical and mechanical manufacturers were reestablished under new names and fought over many years the control of their patents outside America.

Other like U.S. Steel, Kennecott, and Anaconda Copper that lost all of their American assets were brought out by German, French and British interests, or like DuPont Chemicals and Pfizer, had new foreign partners and shareholders brought in and keep its patents outside of America. Only Alcoa Corporation keep its production of aluminum production mainly in Australia and Africa.

And the Fields of the South Burned
The Revolution meant a rapture but its climax happen in the South. At first it was distant whisper the outbreak of the revolution in the main cities but a week later the decades of racial segregation and white chauvinism erupted as volcano. The quiet violence expresses itself in hoes, pitchforks, rifles, lynching, killings, hangings and burning. Everywhere the fields were taken by force in most cases by blacks. The white landowners and their agents fought back with the usual violence but with state and federal broking down and not holding them back all sides took the worst acts of violence in their hands. If you can picture the most extreme of class warfare the South was its uglier example. Besides cities towns, villages and cities fought with revolutionary councils and courts springing out.

The AWP at first providing help to all revolutionaries was rapidly overtaken (Note: develop more the ideological break within the southern AWP). The black, with the help sympathetic whites organized themselves in their communes and revolutionary council. The most radicals joined in starting their revolutionary vanguard thus the Black Workers and Peasants Revolutionary Party came to being with the armed militias protecting and enforcing this new freedom. The poor farmer and his wife began to awake at the greatest change they foresaw under the Red flag with the Black Fist.

In many areas this control became an established government that after the triumph of the revolution did not easily gave its share of power to the newly established Socialist Workers Republics. Negotiations at national level gave back ample self government - Autonomous Regional Community (ARC).

National Constitution of the Revolutionary America
In 1937 the Constituent Assembly of Workers, Farmers and Indians approved the national constitution of Revolutionary America. This document replaced the provisional Principles of the Democratic Dictatorship of the Proletariat of 1933 that serve as the main charter of the incipient political apparatus the Workers sate during the revolution.

The main chapters are
 * Preamble
 * A Bill of Political and Social Rights
 * Social and public ownership of land, means of production and natural resources. The Indian communities have the collective ownership of the land and natural resources within their political territories.
 * Statement and guarantee of the sovereignty and source of all political power comes from the working people and the powers delegated on the branches of government of the Republic
 * The right of Initiative, referendum, and recall and law process making of the legislative and executive branches. Qualifications, term limits and recall of the legislative, executive and judiciary branches.
 * Characteristics the polities of the Union. |Workers Socialist Republic (or American Socialist Republic?) as main and basic constituent polity, Autonomous Indian Community (AIC) and Autonomous Regional Community (ARC), Local Indian Region, Communes and National Territory.
 * Relationship and coordination between the Republics and National Government. Also the mandate and ability to make compacts of interest or cooperation between the Republics.
 * an elected bicameral legislature that is the supreme ruling body with dual legislative and executive functions. The first chamber ( Workers' Congress of America) is composed of deputies elected by each Republic, Autonomous Indian Community, Commune and Autonomous Regional Community. A second chamber (Council of the Union) composed of representatives of the government of each Republic, Autonomous Indian Community, Commune and Autonomous Regional Community
 * Legislative process of national laws, budget, taxation and revenue. Regulation of emergency powers of the executive.
 * An unipersonal elected executive (President) assisted by a council of ministers named by the President and approved by the legislature.
 * A unified federal judiciary with National Supreme Court, named by the legislature in a mixed system composed of the executive, legislative and judicial branches. The state supreme court is the nations final court of appeal in all civil, criminal, labor, social and Indian cases, supervises the republican supreme courts. The guarantee of right of appeal to National Supreme Court. All judges served for fix terms and until the age of retirement of 65.
 * Safeguard clause of form of government of the republics that are part of the federation. Mechanism of intervention and necessity clauses in republican administrations.
 * Constitutional reform (legislative process, constituent assembly or referendum)

American Labor Unions
(Note: for the moment American Congress of Labor - Not the best name but a provisional one. Other names: Workers Alliance of America (WAA), Labor Alliance of America (LAA), National Congress of Labor, )

On the eve of the Second American Civil War (1932-1936) there were three main national labor unions. The craft unions dominated American Federation of Labor (AFL), the revolutionary and industrial unions lead International World Workers (IWW) and the Workers' Industrial Union (WIU). In the 1930s the IWW and WIU were bitter rivals in unionization of labor leaving aside the AFL that began to slowly lose its influence. The IWW and WIU also organized the unemployed and homeless in the Depressions of 1920–21 and 1929–33 by the unemployed councils, unemployed leagues, etc.

An example of the change of times was the disaffiliation of the Women's Trade Union League (WTUL) from the AFL, and later its membership to the AWA. The IWW and WIU adopted a more radical and socialist platforms after the failure of the 1925 American Revolution and joined with other organizations in the AWA (1928).

During the revolutionary years the IWW and WIU and despite their rivalry, grew in strength as they organized and established workers and farmers militias, workers' councils, pushed for the merger of unions according to industry and helping the WTUL organize women workers. The AFL unprepared for events of the revolution became a shell of its previous national presence.

At the end of revolution the WIU was the main labor union, though it had agreed on joint action with the IWW in the final years of the Revolution. In an effort to unite American labor the IWW, WIU, WTUL and several other political workers union revived the Conference for Progressive Labor Action. The CPLA called organized and called for a meeting of a Congress of American Labor in 1938, inviting the leadership of the AFL and its associated unions.

At the unity congress all four national unions agreed of establishing the American Congress of Labor (ACL) and its support to the nascent socialist state. The unity congress approved as guiding principle of its by-laws: organize all workers along industrial union lines or manufacturing combines, promote the welfare and fair salaries to all workers, mutual aid and cooperation among workers, non-discrimination of women and blacks nor discrimination by skills, race, creed, or national origin in union membership and leadership, participation of workers in the management and safety in the workplace.

Organization

 * National Congress (meets every two years)-> elects National Executive Council every two years. Between National Congress meetings a Federative Meeting is held with representatives of each state/regional Executive Council and leadership of the affiliated organizations.
 * State / Regional Convention -> State/Regional Executive Council
 * District Convention -> District Executive Council


 * Affiliated organizations
 * United Mine Workers of America (UMW or UMWA)
 * United Automobile Workers (UAW)
 * Union of United Brewery, Soft Drink, and Distillery Workers of America
 * United Textile Workers of America
 * American Railway Union (ARU), later becoming the Transport Workers Union of America (TWUA)
 * National Agricultural Workers Industrial Union (NAWIO)
 * Lumber Workers Industrial Union
 * Metal and Machinery Workers Industrial Union
 * American Postal Workers Industrial Union
 * Oil and Gas Workers Industrial Union (OGWIU)
 * United Steelworkers Industrial Union
 * United Teamsters of America
 * American Federation of Teachers (AFT)
 * Construction Workers Industrial Union
 * Banking and Financial Services Union
 * National Federation of Federal Employees
 * United Public Workers of America (republic and local workers)
 * Marine Workers Industrial Union
 * Education and Science Workers’ Union
 * Artists' Union
 * Industrial Union of Marine and Shipbuilding Workers of America
 * International Typographical Union
 * American Newspaper Guild
 * Food and Tobacco Workers, later the United Food, Services and Commerce Workers

Cooperatives
The National Union of Cooperatives (NU-Coop) is the national confederation of cooperatives

The NU-Coop administers the National Cooperative Bank and the Credit Unions Association.


 * Organization
 * National General Assembly (meets every two years) that elects the National Board
 * State / Regional General Assembly (meets every two years) that elects State/Regional Board.
 * Local Coordination (meets every year) that elects the Coordinating Board

Types of cooperatives - workers, consumer, services, housing, retailers', agricultural and public utilities and Cooperative wholesale society.

Administrative divisions of the Revolutionary America
The Workers Socialist Republic (or American Socialist Republic?) are sovereign entities that have political jurisdiction over their territory and share their sovereignty with the national government and are bound together as part of the Revolutionary America. They take part in decision-making process of the National Government and coordinate and assist their actions with it.
 * Workers Socialist Republic (or American Socialist Republic?) (the former US States)

The republics must have a republican, democratic, socialist, and revolutionary form of government (article ?? of National Constitution). The republics have usually settled in the following constitutional schemes:
 * 1) Preamble
 * 2) A Bill of Political and Social Rights, based on the National Constitution with amendments peculiar to the republic. For example Oklahoma as also incorporated the rights of Indians and others minorities.
 * 3) Social and/or public ownership of land, means of production and natural resources.
 * 4) Statement and guarantee of the sovereignty and source of all political power comes from the working people and the powers delegated on the branches of government of the Republic
 * 5) The right of Initiative, referendum, and recall and law process making of the legislative and executive branches. Qualifications, term limits and recall of the legislative, executive and judiciary branches.
 * 6) Relationship and coordination between the Republics and National Government. Also the mandate and ability to make compacts of interest or cooperation between republics
 * 7) An elected legislature that is the supreme ruling body with dual legislative and executive functions. The majority of the republics have an unicameral legislature, however some particularly those with autonomous regional communities, autonomous Indian Communities or communes have second chamber (Council of the Republic or Council of Delegates)
 * 8) An executive either directly elected or named by the legislature. This executive can be unipersonal (Governor or Republic-President) or collective (Council of State, Executive Council or Supreme Executive Council). The Republican council of ministers named by the executive or approved by the legislature. Other non elected republic officers (Comptroller, Attorney General, etc.
 * 9) Legislative process of law making, budget, taxation and revenue. Also the delegation of some of it to local governments and oversight by the republic's legislature. Regulation of emergency powers of the executive.
 * 10) A unified judiciary with its high tribunal being a supreme court (Supreme Court, Supreme Judicial Court, etc.) named by the legislature, appointment by executive with collegial body consent or by mixed system composed of the executive, legislative and judicial branches. The state supreme court is the Republican final court of appeal in all civil, criminal, labor, social and Indian cases, supervises and names all lower courts. The guarantee of right of appeal to National Supreme Court.
 * 11) Organization of republican institutions and services (education health, welfare, civil service, etc)
 * 12) Administrative division, organization and degree of self government. Mechanism of intervention and necessity clauses in local administration
 * 13) Constitutional reform (legislative process, constituent assembly or referendum)

Most republics use preferential voting or proportional representation to determine the outcome of elections. Though, a few particularly underpopulated ones use a system of first-past-the-post voting. The number of deputies of the council and timing of the elections is determined by each republic, resulting in wide difference between when these elections are held in each republic, ranging from as little as five months to eight years between elections.

The republics are: First compact formed is New England (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont), later Cascadia (Idaho, Oregon and Washington), Appalachia (Tennessee, Kentucky, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Virginia and West Virginia and commune of Pittsburgh) and Great Plains (Montana, Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota)
 * 1) Alabama
 * 2) Arizona
 * 3) Arkansas
 * 4) California
 * 5) Colorado
 * 6) Connecticut
 * 7) Delaware
 * 8) Florida
 * 9) Georgia
 * 10) Idaho
 * 11) Illinois
 * 12) Indiana
 * 13) Iowa
 * 14) Kansas
 * 15) Kentucky
 * 16) Louisiana
 * 17) Maine
 * 18) Maryland
 * 19) Massachusetts
 * 20) Michigan
 * 21) Minnesota
 * 22) Mississippi
 * 23) Missouri
 * 24) Montana
 * 25) Nebraska
 * 26) Nevada
 * 27) New Hampshire
 * 28) New Jersey
 * 29) New Mexico
 * 30) New York
 * 31) North Carolina
 * 32) North Dakota. In negotiations with South Dakota for a merge into Dakota
 * 33) Ohio
 * 34) Oklahoma
 * 35) Oregon
 * 36) Pennsylvania
 * 37) Rhode Island
 * 38) South Carolina
 * 39) South Dakota. In negotiations with North Dakota for a merge into Dakota
 * 40) Tennessee
 * 41) Texas
 * 42) Utah
 * 43) Vermont
 * 44) Virginia
 * 45) Washington
 * 46) West Virginia
 * 47) Wisconsin
 * 48) Wyoming

The communes elect deputies to National Workers Congress and enjoy limited autonomy and self-rule and a special status from the republic of which they are part of. The Autonomous Regional Communities have representation in the Republic's legislature, executive and judiciary. They are also a local government unit. They have self-rule. The ARC have been established in Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina recognizing previous liberated areas and homesteads of the Black Liberation movement. Also included are Freedmen's towns. The Autonomous Indian Communities have representation in the Republic's legislature, executive and judiciary. They are also a local government unit. They enjoy full cultural rights. The AIC have autonomous and elected branches of government (an Indian Territory Legislature or similar, executive and judiciary) and elect deputies to the National Congress. The Local Indian Regions have representation in the Republic's legislature. They are also a local government unit. They enjoy full cultural rights. They have limited self-rule. The National Territories are under direct National administration, until they reach a level of population and economic development that enables them to become a republic. Also unorganized or sparsely populated territories are national territories. Territories have limited self rule at all levels. -
 * Commune
 * 1) Chicago
 * 2) Detroit
 * 3) Georgetown (former Washington DC)
 * 4) Los Angeles
 * 5) Manhattan (New York City)
 * 6) New Orleans
 * 7) Philadelphia
 * 8) Pittsburgh
 * 9) Cleveland
 * 10) St. Louis
 * Autonomous Regional Community (ARC)
 * Autonomous Indian Community (AIC)
 * 1) Apache Nation (in New Mexico and Arizona)
 * 2) Blackfoot Confederacy (in Montana, Wyoming and Idaho)
 * 3) Chickasaw (in Oklahoma)
 * 4) Choctaw (in Oklahoma)
 * 5) Comanche (in Oklahoma, Texas and New Mexico)
 * 6) Innu-aimun Territories (in Alaska)
 * 7) Haudenosaunee (officially) /Iroquoia (colloquially) (in New York)
 * 8) Lakota Republic (Lakota-Dakota-Nakota people - in S. and N. Dakota and Nebraska)
 * 9) Muscogee (Creek) (in Oklahoma)
 * 10) Navajo Nation (in New Mexico)
 * 11) Ojibwe (in Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota and North Dakota)
 * 12) Pueblo (in New Mexico and Arizona)
 * 13) Seminole (in Oklahoma and Florida)
 * 14) Sequoyah (Cherokee nation in Oklahoma)
 * Local Indian Region (LIR)
 * (several in many states and territories)
 * National Territories
 * Alaska

National Ministries Revolutionary America
Council of Ministers
 * Foreign Affairs (former State Department)
 * Finance and Treasury (former Treasury Department)
 * Justice (former Justice Department)
 * Attorney General
 * Interior Affairs (former Interior Department)
 * Republican Coordination and Affairs
 * Indian Affairs (former Bureau of Indian Affairs)
 * National Defense (former War and Navy Departments)
 * Labor and Cooperatives (former Labor Department)
 * Post, Cables and Telephones (former Post Office Department)
 * Education
 * Health and Social Welfare
 * Housing

Economical Production and Distribution ministries
 * Agriculture and Food (former Agriculture Department). Its main bureaus are: Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries, Food Industry and Land Reform)
 * Trade and Industry (Former Commerce Department) later split in
 * Foreign Trade
 * Home Trade
 * Public Works
 * Transportation and Associated Industries. Its main Bureaus are: Automobile Industry, Aviation Industry, Land Transport, Marine Transport, Railroad Transport and Air transport.
 * Manufacture and General Production. Its main Bureaus are: Chemical Industry, Energy and Electrical Engineering, Electronic Industry, Mechanical Industry, Printing, Textile and Clothes, and Other Industries.
 * Mining. Several Bureaus: Coal, Oil and Gas, Copper Mining, Iron mining, etc.

Boards, Committees and Commissions
 * National Coordinating Committee of the Civil Service
 * Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve
 * Board of Governors of the National Bank of America
 * Board of Governors of the National Savings and Loans Union
 * Board of Governors of the Economical Development Bank
 * Board of Governors of the National Bank for Foreign Trade and Cooperation
 * National State Commission for Economic Planning
 * National State Commission of Public Works, later incorporated to the Planning Bureau of the Public Works Ministry
 * National State Commission of Science and Technology
 * National Research Council - National Academy of Sciences
 * Central Office of the Census and Statistical Information (former Bureau of the Census)

Regional development agencies/corporations. Administered by the Public Works Ministry
 * Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
 * Colorado River Authority (CRA)
 * Columbia River Basin Corporation (CRBC)
 * Missouri River Industrial Corportation
 * Ohio Valley Authority
 * Savannah River Authority
 * Arkansas Valley Development Board (AVDB)

Notable State and Public Industries and Cooperative
Between 1937 and 1942 the main nationalized industries were merged into large industrial combines and the Trade and Industry Ministry was split in distinct ministries with bureaus in charge of managing the nationalized economic sector under their administrative sphere.
 * American Motors Company (AMC) the main automobile company founded by the merger of the nationalized Ford Motor, General Motors, Chrysler Corporation.
 * National Harvester Company the main manufacturer of agricultural machinery.
 * National Steel Corporation formed from the nationalized US Steel, Bethlehem Steel and others.
 * National Coal Board. Merger of the nationalized Consolidation Coal Company, Pennsylvania Coal Co. and others. Organized in Coal Mining Provinces (Eastern, Gulf, Interior, Northern Great Plains, Rocky Mountains and Pacific Coast) and Districts.
 * North American Telephone and Telegraph (NATT) Merger of ATT and Western Union. Under management of the Ministry of Post, Cables and Telephones. Bell Telephone and private telephone companies became regional or republic public utilities.
 * National Railroad Administration
 * National Oil and Gas Corporation of America (NOGCA)
 * Federal Power Commission (FPC) administers, coordinates, maintains, regulates and builds the national electrical grid.
 * Pan American Airlines South American and international air carrier
 * North American Airlines national air carrier
 * Officially Prohibition at national level ended in 1937, however some republics during the Revolution had it abrogated within their territories. Alcohol production, quality, distribution and license of sales is regulated by republican governments. Production, distribution and sales of beer, wine and spirits are done by either republican, cooperatives or private retailers. Some republics have a complete state monopoly of the alcohol industry.
 * The tobacco industry is divided in two sectors that jointly produce and distributed all tobacco products but mainly cigarettes. The nationalized American Tobacco Company and tobacco producing cooperatives. A joint import-export company carries out all foreign trade.
 * Public utilities such as telephone, electricity, public and road cargo transport, water and waste disposal became republic or regional public utilities companies. Cooperatives also took up these services in rural and urban areas.

Politics
A United Front of Labor? a la OTL Popular Front.An electoral and political alliance post revolution?

The American Workers Party (AWP)
The American Workers Party (AWP, Spanish: Partido de los Trabajadores Americanos PTA) established in 1929, was the governing Marxist political party of the USRA from the country's foundation in the Revolution of 1932 until it was dissolved in 1991.

Throughout the 1920s and 1930s, American people began turning to socialist and communist due to the economic crisis. The failed American Revolution of 1925, death of the charismatic socialist leader Eugene V. Debs and the unsuccessful presidential campaigns and later death of Robert M. La Follette put the American left and reformist in a dire position. All attempts to rebuilt and unify the America left came to fruition in 1928 with the formation of the American Workers' Association (AWA), a loose alliance between workers' councils, labor unions, and left-wing organizations and political parties. Also the Socialist Party of America (SPA), Communist Party USA (CPUSA), Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), Farmer–Labor Party (FLP), Socialist Labor Party of America (SLP), Proletarian Party of America (PPA), and left-wing of the Progressive Party agreed on forming a Joint Action Committee.

Later in Wall Street of Crash of 1929 marked for many a new phase in class struggle in the US so the AWA and the Joint Action Committee agreed to call a National Convention of Unity were the American Workers Party (AWP) was established.

In 1929, school teacher and communist militant, Sarah Leslie, was elected as leader of the AWP by its members. Under her leadership, the AWA was united into a new political party: the American Workers Party. Shortly afterward, the Stock Market Crash of 1929 occurred, starting the Great Depression. This boosted the popularity of the party, which outgrew in adherence and new militants both the Republican and Democratic parties by the end of 1931. Leslie urged that through a revolution to overthrow capitalism and give ownership of the means of production to the working class. This, combined with discontent of the government due to its failure to give jobs and welfare relief to its citizens, caused the United States to erupt into revolution in 1932.

In the Second American Civil War (1932-1936) the AWP was the leading force and under its leadership were main combating revolutionary forces formed - Workers Militias and the Workers Revolutionary Army. The majority of the provisional Revolutionary Committees of liberated territories were staffed by its militants.

After the Triumph of the Revolution
In 1937 delegates to the III National Convention of Chicago or the Convention of the Victory assembled to discuss the party program, the report of the National Secretary and vote a a new National Executive Committee taking in account that most of its members died in the Revolution and its membership had been provisionally co-opted.

Sarah Leslie, at her opening speech to the delegates stated: ''Brothers and Sisters. This Victory is Our Victory. Its the triumph of the workers (...) the poor, of our dead comrades, (...) We can now begin to built socialism in America. It is the task of our generation as it was 1776 to the forebears of our Young Republic, of Lincoln after ending slavery, of (interrupted as delegates loudly cheer and rise to sing the Internationale)''.

The III National Convention approved the policy of Consolidation, Unity, and Strengthening of the Revolutionary Forces as the National Revolutionary Task of the historical moment after the armed and political triumph of the Revolution. Thus, the main task and duty of of the AWP, party workers and sympathizers would be to consolidate the power of the people's and workers councils, the political and legal normalization of liberated territories by means of republican constituent assemblies of the former US states, the purge and expropriation of capitalist and enemies of the revolution. To work for the unity of all the workers, allies and the economic organizations. The strengthening of the duties and power of workers association and republican (former US State) governments in order to rebuild the economy and begin the social reforms already enacted in the liberated territories.

In 1940 the anarchists, that keep separate organizations, agenda and were the main dissent voice to the political action of the AWP, were declared by AWP mass media and resolutions as obstructionists and saboteurs to the National Tasks and to undermine class solidarity by means of their propaganda and press. The cause of anarchist was not helped when its fighting organization started bombing campaigns, disobedience, violent disruption and wildcat strikes at factories, workshops and cooperatives, legislatures and executive organs. The flaming point came with open calls for the Armed Forces to revolt and return to the spirit of 1932. Based on these actions a wide purge in National and Republican governments was officially sanctioned. Followed by a series of show trials and kangaroo courts against anarchist members that were widely publicized and spreading to the labor movement were anarchist dissidents were thoroughly expelled.

The IV National Convention of 1941 received the report of the First Five-Year Plan and its eminent success. The renewal of the Consolidation, Unity, and Strengthening of the Revolutionary Forces policy was unanimously approved and a warning was launched to the anarchist to either joint the revolutionary majority or suffer its exclusion. This warning was later historically considered as a blank cheque for the repression of anarchism by the State security apparatus.

It was also approved a resolution to expel from the Party of uncommitted militants (later applied to Anarchist in the AWP), Blue sympathizers and opportunists. For this purpose internal party commissions would review post 1936 affiliations and ideological conformity. The Prairie Socialists presented a motion to extend cooperativism to major industries or at least allow a similar governance as in cooperatives. The notion was narrowly defeated but divided the Party between Central-Planners, Cooperationists and Workers' Participation. It was approves a motion of establishing a revolutionary co-partners. This in part to calm down political rifts in the South between AWP and the Revolutionary Party over the establishment of local autonomy and the immediate end of segregation.

Factions of the AWP
In its founding the AWP was the merger of several ideological and political groups and traditions some having strong regional following: Marxist-Leninist, Marxist-Trotsky, several Marxists tendencies, Social democracy, Farmer-Labors (i.e. Prairie Socialists), De Leonists, left-wing populists, civil rights movement, Christian left, trade unionists, Black liberation movement, IWW (Wobblies) and anarchists. The former until the 1940s when they were expelled and put on the limits of legal opposition.

Later tendencies included feminism, social/state planners and ecologists.

Dissolution of the AWP
In 1991 after it was dissolved its three major factions became the American Communist Party (ACP), the People's Democratic Socialist Party (PDSP), and the Liberal Democrats (LD).

Organization

 * National Convention. Celebrated every four years. Elects the National Executive Committee
 * State / Regional Convention -> State Executive Committee
 * District Convention -> District Executive Committee
 * Local Convention -> Local Executive Committee
 * Branch


 * National Secretary. Elected by the National Convention along the National Executive Committee.


 * Sarah Leslie (1929 to TBD)
 * TBD

The Revolutionary Workers and Farmers Party
The  Revolutionary Workers and Farmers Party (RWFP).

Regional following in the Black Belt (Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina) and outside of it in Oklahoma and the commune of Chicago

The Farmer–Labor Party
The  National Farmer–Labor Party or Prairie Socialists as large following in the Dakotas, Nebraska, Kansas, and Oklahoma, and sizable parts of Montana, Wyoming, Missouri, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin, and western and southern Minnesota. Also influential in Canadian Prairies (Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta). The NFLP was established over the issue of cooperative ownership and economic planning of the Great Prairies. Starting as a tendency since the times of the establishment of the AWP it slowly embraced the cause of farmers and cooperatives. It challenged several times the policies of the agricultural quotas of the central planning and enlargement of the state farms complex.

It definitely split from the AWP on the eve of the republican elections of Nebraska and Kansas were it won the Governorship and the legislature under its own electoral ticket. As a tendency of the AWP it was already a majority in the said states.

The American Communist Party (ACP)
The American Communist Party (ACP).

The People's Democratic Socialist Party (PDSP)
The People's Democratic Socialist Party (PDSP).

The Liberal Democrats (LD)
The Liberal Democrats (LD)

The Loyal, The Tolerated and The Underground Opposition
Former Republican and Democrats illegal and dissolved since December 1936 along several capitalist organizations such as the Chambers of Commerce, American Legion, employer's associations, National Civic Federation, Citizen's Alliance, Lions, Rotaries, etc.

What was left of the Republicans and Democrats merged in the Democratic-Republican Party or started the clandestine American Liberty League (ALL). The DemReps, tough not officially recognized would run candidates under the DemRep, DRP, Democratic-Republican labeled tickets thanks to the independent electoral lists that by law the labor unions or cooperatives could use.

Anarchists after they were outlawed in 1940-1941 would continue to exist as underground organization and cells. Infighting began when some split into a group wiling to collaborate within the AWP as loyal and constructive opposition and submitted to party discipline and another completely opposed to the State and party.

Their fighting organizations would take terrorist actions and guerrilla warfare that were counter attacked by the Vanguard Battalions of the Armed Forces and Internal Security Section III of Vigilance of Internal Left Counterrevolutionary Activities. Although small in scale the extent of this black war and the violation of civil rights by both sides and illegal detentions of anarchists militants and supposed complices would only be know to public in the 1960s in series of newspapers reports and accounts and the Political Openness that would release official files of IS-Section III.

As a political entity anarchists establish the Mutual Solidarity Front (MSF) that was organized with the help of the Mexican Anarchist Federation as a joint electoral platform. The Front brought together most of the political, labor and cultural organizations that for the first time could work in the open and not in the semi-legal situation they had before the Political Openness. It also marked the return from their exile in Mexico of various well know and historical activists and intellectual of the 1950s.

Due to their constant harassment and violation of civil rights that the MSF would also incorporate as part of their program Civil rights and Anti-racism. One immediate demand would be the de-establishment of the legal revolutionary terror that enabled from the 1940s to the mid 19600s the State Security apparatus and courts of justice the persecution of so called anti-revolutionaries to the left.

Sources, texts and images

 * Early American Marxism
 * Early American Marxism
 * Perspectives of American Marxism by Leon Trotsky (November 1932)
 * If America Should Go Communist by Leon Trotsky (August 1934)
 * Toward Soviet America by William Z. Foster (1932)
 * Works of James P. Cannon
 * Various USA (in marxist.org)

Online Editions at HathiTrust of Model State Constitutions
 * First Edition, 1921
 * Revised Edition, 1924
 * Fifth Edition, 1948
 * Sixth Edition, 1963


 * Gallery