1650-1699 (The Kalmar Union)

1650
HRE - Luxembourg invades Fryslan, eager to annex it and not let it to fall into the Kalmar sphere. Renewed rebellion in Holland and resistance in Fryslan give Kalmar enough time to occupy strategic points and keep Frisian independence. Iceland and Vinland, freed from the burden and after-effects of the Mexic-Leifian War, join Hordaland in holding Fryslan while the main Kalmar force heads towards Cologne. However the blocking of Anglian claims to the duchy causes disruption in Anglia.

1654
HRE - Svealand captures Regensburg, with its walls virtually intact, to the great joy of the Lutheran population. It will use the city as its base for the next 14 years.

1655
Algonquinland - Algonquinland buys back the land lost to Atikamekwia after the Great Northern War for the not inconsiderable sum of 40,000 VIK.

1658
Svealand - Gustav III. Carl II succeeds.

1665
HRE - Peace negotiations begin in Copenhagen. However, military operations continue in Germany and Bohemia, primarily to try and improve the various party's positions at the peace conference. Austria is very noticeable by its absence.

1667
HRE - Svealandic troops finally break through the Austrian lines and begin beseiging Vienna itself. A final surge by Kalmar forces prevents Bavaria from relieving them. Austria is forced to come to the negotiating table.

1667
Wessex - Henry IV dies. Thomas II succeeds but dies while out hunting later in the year. His brother Edmund VI succeeds.

1668
HRE - The Treaty of Copenhagen is signed in May. The main points were as follows:


 * Those territories previously part of the Schmalkaldic League shall rejoin the Empire and declare their allegiance to the Emperor. No mention was made of the Schmalkaldic Empire, nor how much Denmark's territory was included in this.
 * Those ecclesiatical lands secularised before 1600 shall remain so. Those secularised after that date shall be restored to their rightful owners. This largely meant all of the secularisations carried out by Luxembourg, the Swiss Confederation and Denmark were confirmed as legal. Many of the secularisations that occurred during the war were ignored as well, most notably Denmark's seizure and secularisation of the Archbishopric of Bremen in 1627.
 * Those imperial cities, previously free, and able to defend themselves shall be returned to immediacy. Those whose walls are no longer fit for purpose shall be annexed by their neighbours as is seen fit by this commitee. This caused a brief stone shortage in the empire as cities rushed to rebuild their walls to prevent being swallowed up. Around a half of all Imperial cities were dis-established and integrated into their neighbours.
 * Aragon shall administer Sardinia but retreat to the West bank of the Rhine.
 * All inheritance of land shall be respected. Chiefly put in to ensure Denmark's annexation of Oldenburg.
 * With the exceptions of the above all states and borders of such states shall be restored to rightful rulers as of 1558. Unlawful seizure of property shall be rectified. Largely reset all the various seizures and counter-seizures of property that had occurred due to rulers converting to Protestant creeds.
 * The Imperial Diet shall be restored and given power to uphold this committee's decisions. Its first decision was in fact to ensure the election of John to the Bohemian throne after the secret clauses to the Austrian-Luxembourg alliance were revealed. Cases arguing for and against the seizure of property clogged up the Diet for a century. Francis Medici was elected Emperor in 1748 precisely because he had no claims related to the war and was an impartial judge. The last property claim related to the Fifty Years War was settled in 1811, after which Emperor Joseph declared the subject closed, to much relief.
 * Five new electorates shall be raised by this committee as to be decided. This was chiefly to keep Austria on side and redress the balance between Catholic and Lutheran electorates. The five new electorates were only finalised in 1676.
 * Citizens of the Empire are universally free to practice whichever Christian creed they wish, and rulers have no right to compel their subjects to follow their own. This largely satisfies the ex-Schmalkaldic states and reconciles them to their former enemies. How much this applied to lands nominally part of the Empire but administered by other parties was open to debate. It did however ignore Jewish citizens and a clause protecting them and their property had to be inserted in 1672.
 * The papacy shall no longer influence policy to the detriment of the Empire. While the committee respects its power in Rome it does not accept it has any temporal power in the Empire as a whole.

The treaty is accepted by all temporal powers present though Emperor Rudolph III 'takes ill' and leaves his ministers to sign. The Pope's delegates walk out of the reading of the terms and refuse to sign.

1670
Naples - With its succession unclear Naples asks for Imperial protection to ward off Aragonese intervention. It officially joins the Empire.

Anglia - John V dies. The Anglian crown reverts to Louis of Battenburg, John V's nephew.

1671
Vinland - Tired of persecution Vinland's Anabaptist population leaves. The main host travels southwards hoping to settle on a Carib island. A second smaller group travels westwards hoping to reach the Roasjoinn.

1673
Svealand - Carl II dies. Olaf III succeeds.

Alkafuglaeyjar - The main group of Vinlandic Anabaptists reach Alkafuglaeyjar. Disease in the tropics has cut their numbers in half however.

1674
Lakota - The Lakota brutally massacre the Vinlandic Anabaptists travelling through their territory after a disagreement about thefts from the camp.

1680
HRE - Emperor John II (John IV of Luxembourg) is reported to be on his death-bed. His successor would be the widely despised Prince Charles of Utrecht. Flanders rises in revolt once more, and afraid their liberties would be under threat the Bohemian nobles pick of Maximilian of Austria as their new king. John recovers and Luxembourg declares war on Austria as a result. There are minor engagements in the Palatinate but otherwise continuing debts cripple the ability of both armies.

1681
HRE - The threat of a Kalmar invasion of Bohemia to safeguard Protestant rights leads Austria and Luxembourg to come to a quick peace. Luxembourg concedes the loss of Bohemia is return for Austria's renunciation of various titles in Western Germany.

1682
Bohemia - Emperor Rudolph III reaffirms the rights of Protestants in Bohemia in the 'Prague Bull' to keep his new kingdom peaceful. This triggers a wave of protest in Austria proper as they demand a similar document.

1686
Kalmar Union - Accusing Wessex of funding the Catholic peasant army, and increasingly annoyed at Wessex's growing naval confidence, the Kalmar Union declares war.

1686
Anglia - Louis dies. Henry V succeeds.

1688
Wessex - Edmund VI dies. Succeeded by Henry V.

1693
Svealand - Olaf III dies. Gustav IV succeeds.