Muslim world 1200-1250 (Chaos)

1204 (as OTL): Fourth Crusade. Byzantine Empire conquered, Constantinople plundered, founded, which gets one quarter of the lands of the old Empire. Other parts go to or  or become independent. One of the new states is the Empire of, which ruler Theodor Laskaris wants to throw out the invaders.

1208 (as OTL): Theodoros Laskaris, ruler of Nikaia, crowned official Byzantine emperor by the patriarch.

1213 (as OTL): Queen Tamara of dies. During her reign, capital punishment and dismemberment were abolished.

1223: ( desn't secede from Georgia. No Battle on the river Kalka. Kipchaks / Kumans / Polovtzy still rule the steppes in .)

1224 (as OTL): Kingdom conquered by.

1225 (as OTL): Latin Empire cedes almost all of Asia Minor and some islands in the Aegean Sea to Nikaia. Rum-Seljuks conquer Crimea.

1226 (as OTL): Rasulide dynasty takes over in.

Early 13th century: (OTL Mamluk sultan Baibars isn't captured by the, stays Kipchak.)

1227 (as OTL): Theodore of Epirus and Thessalonica drives the Nikaian garrison out of Adrianople and annexes much of Thrace. and Nikaia ally against him, defeating and capturing him and dividing his lands in 1230.

1230s: (The ians under Jalal-ad-Din who fled from the Mongols don't confuse the Middle East.)

1239-42 (as OTL): Kay Khusrau II has to quell an upspring led by the popular preacher Baba Ishaq.

1240 (as OTL): Latin Empire meanwhile almost reduced to the capital. Choresm learns the secret of blackpowder (we remember).

1242: (Armenia not conquered by Mongols.)

1243: (Mongols don't attack Rum-Seljuks.)

1244 (as OTL): Jerusalem conquered by sultan as-Salih of. This was expectable, since the city lacked the hinterland for a better defense. Only difference to OTL: He uses Mamluk soldiers for the attack instead of hired Choresmians. The city is damaged less than IOTL.

1245: Nikaia makes a peace treaty with the Rum-Seljuks (as OTL); but since the latter aren't threatened by the Mongols, Nikaia has to pay a tribute.

1246: Little countries of the Zangids conquered by Choresm. Bulgaria defends better than OTL against Nikaia, keeps most of the conquered (former Byzantine) areas, has to cede only Adrianople and Athos and help Nikaia against the Latin Empire.

1248-54 (as OTL): Sixth Crusade against Egypt stays without success.

1250 (as OTL): Mamluks under Aybak take power in Egypt. At the moment, he shares power with the widow of the last Ayyubid sultan, Shajar ad-Durr.