England (Joan of What?)

England, officially the Commonwealth of England, is a sovereign state in western Europe. Lying off the northwestern coast of the European mainland, it encompasses the two southern thirds of the island of Great Britain as well as a number of smaller islands. England is bordered by to the north, and is surrounded by water on all other sides, with  lying across the Irish Sea, and  to the southeast over the English Channel.

England is a constitutional republic with a parliamentary system of governance, and its capital and largest city is London, a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million, the third-largest in Europe and largest in the. Other major urban areas in England include the regions of Manchester, Birmingham, Leeds and Liverpool.

England is a developed country and has the world's tenth-largest economy by nominal GDP. England is considered to have a high-income economy and is categorised as very high in the Human Development Index, ranking 14th in the world. It is considered to be a regional power with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally. It has been a leading member state of the European Union and its predecessor, the European Economic Community, since 1973. England is also a member of the Council of Europe, the G8 finance ministers, the G8 forum, the G20, NATO, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, and the World Trade Organisation.