Imperial Schools of Economic Thoughts (Premysloides Dynasty)

Imperial Schools of Economic Thoughts
During existence of "post-Nicean" Roman Empire, Imperial Governments and Emperors were frequently confronted with numerous economical issues and changes, especially as new reforms (work specialization, division of labour, four-field crop rotation, banknotes, usury, imperial bureaucracy...) and technologies (printing press, artillery, new construction materials, improved shipbuilding) moved former simple forms of economy (ancient, post-classical, feudalistic) in to more complex (mercantilistic, commercial, industrial).

Romanists
Romanists were group of economists, merchants and experts that were very traditionalistic in economical thinking and they supported return to ancient/classical Roman economy based on extensive slavery economy and local trade.

They advocated strong role of state in economy, criticized Imperial Trade Company for inventing and applying new economical, work and technical methods and for innovation. Romanists advocated trade isolation and autarky and had some influence until Constantinople Conference of 1293 which led to massive expansion of Roman Empire territory and allowed increase trade with Asian powers, especially with India and China.

Constantine Chadenos, while fiscal conservative, he was staunch supporter of "Romanists" and "Romanism" influenced early years of First Fifteen-Year Plan. Constantine Chadenos died in 1281 and aside of some heterodox economists of 17th Century who advocated "Neo-Romanistic" economy, Romanists lost their influence over Imperial Economy.

Templars
Very strong lobby position in Roman Empire had Templars. They joined Roman Empire, they gain asylum from Saint Atlantis and they provided massive financial and capital support for Roman Empire through their merchant banks and insurance groups. While they already had influence after 1249 (as they provided capital for establishing Imperial Trade Company), their influence exponentionaly growth after Constantinople Conference of 1293 when Templar Kingdom of Jerusalem joined Roman Empire.

Templars had their interests in two areas - Imperial Trade Company banking section and their own banks. Martin de Molay, brother of Jacques de Molay, Templar Grandmaster, was for six years Prefect of Economy in Imperial Government.

Templar economic school was based on support of banking and insurance sector. Templars claimed that banks and insurance are main part of economy, as they provide capital and safety for economic activities of independent merchants, guilds, Imperial Trade Company and businesses. Banks stabilize economical and business enviroment and as they provided services of stock exchanges, they had strong influence on economical activities.

Templars "Banking Economy" provided massive investments in to hazardous economic activities (economic expansion in impoverished lands, various risk ore surveys...) and also in to improving infrastructure and local economics. From 1293 to 1333, Templars gifted 16 million Hyperpyrons (800 million $) and granted loans of 1,3 billion Hyperpyrons (65 billion $ or 1,625 billion $ per year). This banking support helped with economic activities in many unfavoured territories (Bosnia, Moldova, Caucasia, Syria and Jordan) and allowed to decrease social, economical and political gaps between provinces.

Templar economists and bankers were influental group until "Bank War of 1433" when about third of Imperial banking sector bankrupted, include three of five largest Templar banks and most of Imperial Trade Company banks and government ordered nationalization of bankrupting companies and regulations of private banks (Laws "Banking Safety Act 1434", "Banking Order and Law Act 1441" and "Banking Regulation Commission Act 1442").

Arabo-Persians
With expansion to Jerusalem and to Middle East, especially to Baghdad and local provinces, group of influental Persian and Arabic economists tried to influe Imperial economic policy. Their position was difficult, as only Shia Persians had open hands in their work, while Sunni Arabs had to convert to Shia Islam or other religion to gain access to political offices.

Most influentals were Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (joined before Conference of 1293)