Principia Moderni IV (Map Game)

The Ming Dynasty still rules over the vast lands of China; on the other side of the world, the Hundred Years War continues between England and France. Europe is still stuck in the old ways of feudalism and chivalry while the notions of a New World are considered figments of imagination. We welcome you to the long awaited fourth expansion of that immortal series. Welcome to Principia Moderni IV! Starting in 1400 AD, this is the dawn of the modern world and the tail end of the Middle Ages. The Renaissance is just kicking off in Europe, while the nations in the western side of the continent are locked in the last gasp of the Hundred Years War. The Muslim world is still reeling from the invasions of Turks and Mongols, with the Caliphate resting in the collapsing Mamluk Egypt and the Ottomans on the rise in Anatolia. Make it count.

The first game was the most successful on the wiki, leading all the way to the modern day with mostly plausible posts and little controversy. The second game reached almost to the modern day, but failed due to a plethora of ASB events and moderator bias. The third game was much more worthy of the first, almost running into implausibility but climbing back into a shining glory by the end. Riding on the latest reforms of map games since the end of PMIII, this is the most logical next step in that evolution. Remember  above all other rules — have fun.

The Map
1455 AD

Important Pages

 * Rules and Algorithm
 * Holy Roman Empire
 * Feudal Dynasties
 * College of Cardinals

Active
If you wish to be a moderator, contact Scraw.
 * For now on mods are assigned to hemispheres to do modding --Nate
 * Lord Commander Scraw - India/South Asia
 * First Ranger Edgeofnight - Americas
 * First Steward CourageousLife - Oceania and East/Southeast Asia
 * First Builder JoshTheRoman - Mid East/Central Asia
 * The Diarchy of Europe:
 * Commander of the Shadow Tower Monster Pumpkin - Eastern Europe/Balkans
 * Supreme Sensual Samrat  SkyGreen24 - Western/Northern Europe
 * Septon Nathan1123 - East/Southeast Asia
 * Commander of the Eastwatch by the Sea Reximus55 - Africa
 * Maester (Checks the mods): Callumthered - creeps on everyone
 * Mapmaker NicDonalds

Honorary

 * Former First Steward ForsakenPear

Guidelines

 * Nations in bold are reserved for users of plausible reputation.
 * If you want to be a tribal nation, add the name tribe into their respective region. They are not shown on the map.
 * Personal Union: A monarch rules over two nations. If this is the case, these nations are in an alliance, but are not played by the same player. They are not a vassal unless stated otherwise.
 * Dynastic Union: Two nations have a monarch of the same dynasty. If this is the case, these nations are not in alliance and are not played by the same player. They are not vassals unless stated otherwise. However, if the cadet branch of the dynasty dies out, the main branch can inherit. However, if the main dynasty dies out, the cadet branch can not inherit.
 * Vassal/Client Nations: Are automatically played by controlling nation unless stated otherwise.
 * When posting as your nation, make sure you use the name of your nation that is directly on the nation list or something similar to it.

British Isles

 * Kingdom of England: Person67
 * Principality of Wales (Under English Control) - Person67
 * Kingdom of Ireland - RedDragon2000
 * Kingdom of Scotland:Person67

France

 * Kingdom of France / Valois: NicDonalds
 * Marquisate of Saluzzo - NicDonalds
 * Duchy of Provence - NicDonalds
 * Duchy of Burgundy (Dynastic Union with Valois) - I am that guy (talk)
 * County of Burgundy (Personal Union under the Duchy of Burgundy) - I am that guy (talk)
 * Flanders (Personal Union with Burgundy) - I am that guy (talk)
 * Duchy of Brittany (Vassal of France) - NicDonalds
 * Duchy of Orléans (Dynastic Union with Valois) - NicDonalds
 * Blois (Personal Union under Orléans) - NicDonalds
 * Dunois (Personal Union under Orléans) - NicDonalds
 * Périgord (Personal Union under Orléans) - NicDonalds
 * Parthenay - NicDonalds
 * Kingdom of Navarre (Personal Union with France) - NicDonalds
 * Avignon (to Papal States)- Callumthered (talk)

Iberian Peninsula

 * Crown of Aragon:— WikiBuilder1147
 * Sicily — WikiBuilder1147
 * Sardinia — WikiBuilder1147
 * Crown of Castile -
 * Kingdom of Gibraltar - ~Edge
 * Kingdom of Morocco - ~Edge
 * Liguria: ~Edge
 * Athens: ~Edge
 * Madeira: ~Edge
 * Kingdom of Portugal -

Italy

 * Kingdom of Italy  -  Rex
 * Duchy of Milan -  Rex
 * Duchy of Savoy - Rex
 * Kingdom of Naples  (Dynastic Union with Italy)  - Rex
 * Corfu - Rex
 * Cephalonia - Rex
 * Epirus  -  Rex
 * Morea - Rex
 * The Papal States - Callumthered (talk)
 * Piombino -
 * d'Asti -

Balkans

 * Kingdom of Greece - NathanialPrice
 * Ottoman Empire -
 * Wallachia -
 * Dulkadir - -
 * Roman Empire -The.Brick.Battle (talk)
 * Lemnos -
 * Knights of St. John (Rhodes and Crete) -
 * Trebizond (Gurkani vassal) - Rimp
 * Zeta -
 * Raska -
 * Dukagjini -
 * Croia (vassal of Naples) - Rex
 * Berat (vassal of Naples) - Rex

Scandinavia

 * Kingdom of Denmark - KawaiiKame (talk)
 * Greenland - KawaiiKame (talk)
 * Holstein - KawaiiKame (talk)


 * Norway-


 * Kingdom of Sweden - ~AM
 * Republic of Visby - ~AM

Russia

 * Grand Boyardom of Russia -
 * Republic of Pskov - Supergamer1

Baltic

 * Teutonic Order - EiplecOco

Holy Roman Empire
(Underline indicates Prince-Electors)

Alpine

 * Swiss Confederacy - Patriot40

Bohemia

 * Kingdom of Bohemia - Blocky858 (talk)
 * Moravia - Blocky858 (talk)
 * Silesia - Blocky858 (talk)
 * Saxony - Blocky858 (talk)
 * Meissen - Blocky858 (talk)
 * Nuremburg - Blocky858 (talk)

Low Countries

 * County of Holland -
 * County of Hainut (Personal Union under Holland) -
 * Duchy of Lorraine -
 * Duchy of Brabant (Personal Union under Burgundy) - I am that guy (talk)
 * Duchy of Limburg (Personal Union under Burgundy) - I am that guy (talk)

German

 * Margraviate of Brandenburg - With Blood and Iron (talk)
 * Duchy of Luxembourg (Personal Union under Bradenburg) - With Blood and Iron (talk)
 * Duchy of Silesia- With Blood and Iron (talk) 00:57, September 12, 2016 (UTC)
 * Cologne (Archbishopric)  -  NonsensicalJourney  ( talk
 * Essen - NonsensicalJourney (talk)
 * Free City of Hamburg - Redbaran45 (talk)
 * Landgraviate of Hesse -
 * Duchy of Jülich - Willster22 (User talk:Willster22)
 * Geldern - Willster22 (User talk:Willster22)
 * Berg (Dynastic Union with Jülich) -
 * Duchy of Thuringen - Scarlet Outlaw
 * Mainz -
 * Bremen - TiberiusLucretius
 * Prince-bisphoric of Trier -
 * Oldenburg - Newalle
 * Archduchy of Austria -Lx (leave me a message)Azarath Flag.png
 * Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg (Vassal of Austria): -Lx (leave me a message)Azarath Flag.png
 * County of Habsburg-Wurttemberg (Ruled by Austrian Heir Apparent after age 16)-Lx (leave me a message)Azarath Flag.png
 * Bavaria (Personal Union with Austria):bibleboyd316
 * County Palatinate of the Rhine -
 * Mainz (Archbishopric) -
 * Brunswick - AngryShangryDave

Eastern Europe

 * Hungary - Blocky858 (talk)
 * Cilli (Vassal of Hungary) - Blocky858 (talk)
 * Serbia (Vassal of Hungary) - Blocky858 (talk)
 * Croatia - SkyGreen24
 * Republic of Ragusa/Dubrovnik - Sky

Poland-Lithuania

 * Poland-Lithuania -
 * Moldavia (Vassal of Poland-Lithuania) -

Middle East

 * Oman -Warrioroffreedom123
 * Gurkani Sultanate -
 * Khedivate of Trabzon -
 * Yemen -

North and East Africa

 * Alwah -
 * Abbasid Caliphate -
 * Ethiopia - Tharpe
 * Ifat -
 * Swahili- Fallacyman (talk)
 * Tripoli -

West Africa

 * Bamoun -
 * Empire of Benin - Flag of the Xanian Empire.svg Flag of Xyon.svg Vivaporius: "I don't need a slogan"
 * Biram -
 * Bornu -
 * Daura -
 * Gobir -
 * Gurma -
 * Kano -
 * Katsina -
 * Wagadugu -
 * Zamfara -
 * Zaria -

Sub-Saharan Africa

 * Kingdom of Buganda -
 * Kingdom of Kongo -Tullin
 * Empire of Buha
 * Kingdom of Zimbabwe - Nlenhardt

South Asia

 * Bahmanis - The Guardian of Forever (talk)
 * Bengal -
 * Delhi Sultanate - -- Orange (talk) 17:38, September 10, 2016 (UTC)
 * Mithila -
 * Nepal -
 * Warangal -

Southeast Asia

 * Assam - LordMarlborough
 * Kingdom of Burma (Bahmanid Vassal) - The Guardian of Forever (talk)
 * Champa -
 * Chieng Mai -
 * Kedah - MegaloKaiser
 * Khmer Empire - THIS...   IS...   KHMER...
 * Toungoo -
 * Vietnam - Türtlelørđχ

Asian Islands

 * Banggai -
 * Becan -
 * Berau -
 * Brunei -
 * Bungku -
 * Buol -
 * Igorot  -
 * Jailolo -
 * Kutei -
 * Laiwu -
 * Majapahit Empire - Through Stars We Rise. (Welcome to the Universe).
 * Sulu -
 * Ternate -
 * Tidore -
 * Tondo - Erizium (talk)
 * Huangdom of Ma-I - (Tondo vassal/same dynasty) Erizium (talk)
 * Huangdom of Pangasinan - (Vassal) Erizium (talk)

East and Central Asia

 * Ming dynasty –  -Nova


 * Mongolia (Chinese Vassal) -  -Nova
 * Ashikaga shogunate – Crim de la Kremlin - "This is my signature. That means I just posted." 20:50, August 31, 2016 (UTC)
 * Joseon
 * Sakhalin (colony)
 * Seotaeman (colony)
 * Kingdom of Tibet -
 * Oirat Khanate -
 * Astrakhan Khanate -
 * Chagatai Khanate - Hopefully I will stay - Bozistan
 * Sakha - Shikata ga nai!

South America

 * Runorqo Empire:
 * Aymara -
 * Wanka -
 * Sican -
 * Chiribaya -
 * Mapuche -

Mesoamerica

 * Aztecs: Toby2: THEY CALL ME   Mr. Awesome!!!


 * Tlacopan (Triple Alliance) -Toby2
 * Texcoco (Triple Alliance) -  Toby2
 * Alotepec -
 * Astatlan  -
 * Ayutitlan  -
 * Azmola  -
 * Chalca  -
 * Chametian  -
 * Cholula  -
 * Coaiztlahuacan  -
 * Coatzacualco  -
 * Coinan  -
 * Colimotl  -
 * Cuitzeo  -
 * Culican  -
 * Guaspaltepec  -
 * Huaxyacac  -
 * Huetzcotzingo  -
 * Huextla  -
 * Hueyacocotlan  -
 * Icpatepec  -
 * Itzyocan  -
 * Matlatzinco  -
 * Mazahuacan  -
 * Metztitlan  -
 * Miahuatlan  -
 * Michoacan  - Thisismacedon
 * Mixtlan  -
 * Nuuntoo  -
 * Oztoman  -
 * Quetzalapan  -
 * Quetzaltepec  -
 * Teloloapan  -
 * Tlaollan  -
 * Tlaxcalan  -
 * Tochpan  -
 * Tollan  -
 * Tollantzinco  -
 * Tolocan  -
 * Tonallan  -
 * Totonac Empire (rekt) -
 * Tarascan Empire (In PU with Totonacapan) (rekt) -
 * Tototepec  -
 * Ualtepec  -
 * Xaltepec  -
 * Xilotan  -
 * Xiuhcoac  -
 * Xiuhtepec  -
 * Xiquipilco  -
 * Zapotec -

Yucatan

 * Mayapan League - Cour *talk*
 * Acalan
 * Chactemal
 * Chiapan
 * Chilapa
 * Chicomuceltec
 * Chiya
 * Comitan
 * Copanahuastla
 * Cuscatlan
 * Iximche
 * Mapachtepec
 * Mazanahau
 * Potonchan
 * Tayasal
 * Totoncalco
 * Uatlan
 * Yahualulco
 * Xicallanco

North America

 * Iroquois Confederacy - Sladather
 * Wichita - Kaiserwilhelm3
 * Cherokee Collective - IstocnoSarajevo (talk)

Oceania

 * Ngarrindjeri Confederacy - Oh, I didn't mean to push that button! † Oh, well leave a message I guess
 * Tu'i Tonga Empire -

The Wildlings
All users currently on the wiki may play unless otherwise noted.

Plausibility Strikes
'''Three strikes and you're out! Each strike resets after 30 years of the most recent strike.'''
 * Nova - I (1432)
 * Bel - I (1440)
 * Red - I (1440)
 * KK - I (1440)
 * Tim - I (1440)
 * Oct - I (1441)
 * Viva- II (1449)



1450
''' The Duke of Burgundy, Philip, slips on a deep puddle of horse excrement while touring throughout his Dutch holdings. He breaks his neck, and soon thereafter dies. This leads to rival claims from the Queen of Morocco and the heir of Burgundy, leading to tension between Castile and France. At the same time, the younger son of Duke Philip claims that his father left him the Netherlands and he starts an armed campaign to liberate the Netherlands, which gains substantial traction. '''

''' With the Brandenburgers disrupting Teutonic merchants the Order reroutes their trade and inadvertently spreads the message of Brandenburg-Luxembourg disrupting trade, which in light of the economic troubles of Europe is seen in a bad light. '''

''' At a thrall market in southern Norway, an Irishman by the name of Declan O’Connor (Great General) leads a rebellion against the oppressive thrall trade. Soon, most of Scandinavia is up in arms as the thralls seize a major arms depot near Bohuslän and threaten to fight until they are liberated. '''

''' The semicentennial Imperial Diet is to be hosted this year in Nuremberg (See the HRE page if applicable). Also, the recently introduced Imperial Circles each need to have an election for the Circle Leader. '''


 * Duchy of Burgundy: in the wake of Duke Philips untimely death, the coronation of Duke Charles is held off as news his illegitimate half-brother, David, had claimed the crown of the entire Netherlands. Worse yet, he's found support amongst many in the northern Netherlands. Loyalist forces manage to retain control in Flanders, Artois, Hainault, Namur, and southern Brabant, allowing Charles time to gather his army, which he does so around Mons. Despite David's host being half again as large as Charles', Charles displays the military mind learned from the years of instruction in command. Field artillery is also utilized, as lessons from the Hussite wars continue to be utilized. Philips army retreats following the Battle of Breda, chased into his territory by Charles. Meanwhile, the Navy under John de Luxembourg, who tutored Charles for two years, establishes a tight blockade on David's ports, depriving them of their much needed imports. David's nascent navy puts up a desperate defense, but ultimately cannot match the Victor of Elba. The influential merchant cartels, who have grown thanks to the support of the House of Burgundy, fearful of losing both their wealth and that same support, begun pushing for the rebel provinces to turn to Charles. The ports of Middelburg and Amsterdam are the first to declare for Charles. As news of the defections come in, desertion becomes commonplace in David's camp, among both individual soldiers and lords themselves. Ultimately, David's much depleted army meets Charles' outside The Hague, David's last stronghold, and is soundly defeated. David himself is captured, although Charles take pity on him and spares him from execution in favor of imprisonment. The civil war is over by mid-October, and Charles receives his coronation in Ghent as Duke of Burgundy. He maintains his presence in the Netherlands to discourage further rebellion, and keeps his army and navy mobilized for the time being while Beatrice of Morocco maintains her claim. By the time the Bohemian army arrives, the Burgundian army is rested and resupplied, and it's suggested to the Bohemian commander that he, in the name of Wencelaus, renounce support for David and turn for home.


 * The Gurkani Sultanate: Sultan Zeeshan Beg Mirza continued his rule over the Sultanate. The Gurkani population rose to about 26 million with the people flocking to cities like Herat, Isfahan, Gamrun, Qazvin, Bukhara, Tabriz and Iskenderun; primarily due to their strategic position in the spice trade. In regards to religion, the Sultanate promoted Shia Islam, and advocated conversion to the Zaidi sect from other Islamic sects, often engaging in forced conversions. The military was primarily composed of medium-to-heavy cavalry, composite bow, lance, mace, and sword. Heavy cavalrymen wore plated chain mail or metal lamellar armor, with their horses also wearing leather or metal lamellar barding. The infantry was equipped with daggers and swords to be utilised in close combat against the enemy and elephants as well as carts were used for the transportation of supplies. Cannons were constructed to serve as siege weaponry whilst hand cannons and rocket launchers were developed as gunpowder became increasingly popular. Naval bases were established at Iskenderun, Trabzon and Gamrun to establish the presence of the Gurkani fleet in the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea and the Persian Gulf respectively, keen on controlling any piracy. The Gurkani Navy developed galleys and carracks to augment the smaller patrol fleets. Agriculture and commerce were at the Sultanate's forepoint, with wheat, rice and barley being amongst the largest produced crops. To prevent the Sultanate from ever getting hit by a major famine, the individual Amirs also engaged in the storage of food supplies, which would be utilized in case of famine or otherwise exported. Fishery was promoted as well as it helped in sustaining the fishery villages that were present along the coast, as well as the major port cities of Iskenderun, Basra, Gamrun, Kerch and Trabzon. Importance was also given on the development of proper roads for the merchants utilizing the trade routes through the Sultanate, with all caravans being armed and protected with a small detachment of guards. Meanwhile, the construction of educational madrassahs continued throughout the Empire, with the sultan keen on spreading education and knowledge amongst the populace of the Sultanate. The Sultan sought to replicate the Islamic Golden Age that existed during the period of the Abbasids prior to the Mongol Invasion, and accordingly funded the teaching of Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, with Algebra, Geometry, Astronomy, Anatomy and Medicine being of prime importance. The lingua franca promoted throughout the Sultanate was also Persian, primarily due to the fact that Persian had existed as the language spoken by communities in the region for centuries and as such served as an excellent language for communication. The Sultanate continued to expand its territories into the Caucasus and the Persian Gulf islands. Ever since the royal conversion to Zaidism, the number of Zaidi Muslims in the Sultanate continued to increase with hundreds of thousands converting annually, most of them concentrated in Mesopotamia, Levant and Tabriz with minor communities also existing in Yazd, Herat, and Gamrun. With the elevation of Al Mansur An Nasir as the Zaidi Caliph last year, the number of converts to Zaidism vastly increased with most of the Ismaili and Jafari sects having already converted to Zaidism. The recent conversion of Mogadishu and Bahamani to Zaidism also strengthened the international position of the Gurkani Sultanate as it increased the global influence of the Zaidi Caliph whilst diminishing that of the Abbasid Caliph. In Persia, opinion regarding Al Najm had already reached rock-bottom amongst the Sunni and Shia communities with the Abbasid False Caliph being famously referred to as Al Najm Fajua or Al Najm the Disaster. The Abbasid Caliph had been dubbed this title for his actions during the Tigris War where he marched his army to a complete massacre at Mosul, and simultaneously left the Ottomans completely open to the Bohemian attack. Some reports even suggested that the Al Najm fled from the battlefield wearing a Burqa, and tried to seduce nomads in the Syrian desert. Meanwhile, the Caliph, Al Mansur An Nasir once again reiterated his promise of refuge for all Shia communities across the globe, calling upon them to leave the lands of the oppressive Sunnis and to instead migrate to the lands of the Shia. Along the same time, work continued on the construction of a fortified crossing connecting both sides of the Kerch Straits.
 * Khedivate of Trabzon: Amir Julius Megas Komnenos continued his reign over the Sultanate. Acting as a vassal to the Gurkani Sultanate, he would only be answerable to the Gurkani Amir. The military and the navy were developed along the same lines as their Gurkani counterparts, with a major naval base constructed at the city of Trabzon, where the Trabzon fleet was also situated. Trabzoni authorities continue to work on the construction of a fleet at Trabzon, working side by side with Castilian authorities. The Trabzon Amir, Julius Komnenos would continue to develop the trade route leading from his Black Sea port of Trabzon, connecting it to the city of Tabriz, hoping to make the spice trade routes much more advanced and efficient.
 * Korea, galvanized by Japanese aggression, continues massive naval build-up. Obsolete models of ships or those worn out are retired from service, and scrapped for any salvageable parts to construct new ships – mainly bigeodo, gwaseon, and junks. Cannons and gunpowder weapons are armed to the royal army and navy, with many ships now having artillery. Arsenals in coastal cities are improved upon in case of Japanese aggression, and to protect against piracy. Patrols are done in neighbouring waters, to consolidate naval presence and to monitor what comes in and out of the area. With a disturbing increase in Japanese military activities, seen as detrimental to Korean progress, hyeopseon are sent to provide logistics on Japanese activity. Korea refuses to bow down to the Japanese, refusing to stop expansion into Hokkaido and Sakhalin. The Haesi colonies are further expanded, being fortified in case of a Japanese attack. Korean interpreters try to entice the Ainu to join the settlements and to adopt Korean culture, in exchange for a sum of five pounds of silver coinage per family. The trading post in Taiwan, Seotaeman, is upgraded into a full-fledged colony. Two hundred more colonists, as well as needed materials, are shipped there, and surrounding arable land is cultivated in hopes it could be self-sufficient in the future. Just like in Haesi, Korean interpreters are sent to local settlements, and convince locals to join Seotaeman and adopt Korean culture, in exchange for money. Korea continues vigorous expansion northeast into the Manchu coast, forcefully assimilating local ethnic groups along the way. Mahayana Buddhism under the Yi sect, which fuses Confucian doctrines and Muist rites, becomes increasingly ingrained into Korean culture. Korea continues to experience increasing affluence under a meritocratic bureaucracy. Yi Do continues the encouragement of mercantile activities and commerce. Wealthy yangban patronize the arts and literature. Buildings are upscaled in beauty and sophistication to reflect Korea's growing affluence, while more people, especially those in the yangban, chung-in, and sang-in castes, choose to partake in education.
 * King Mikkael I: After the slaves revolt in Norway and the rest of Scandinavia. I offer nothing less than freedom and gold to Declan O'Connor and his followers. Mod Response. (More to come.)
 * ​O'Connor accepts this. -Nate
 * The citizens of the new Kingdom of Greece celebrate in the streets of the capital of Thessaloniki, the largest city in the kingdom. As a kingdom without a king, the city hosts the Conference of Thessaloniki in order to elect a new king. We invite every European nation to nominate one candidate to be the King of Greece and to show why he should be king at the conference. Meanwhile, the Greek Cardinals vote for a pope in the Papal Conclave and the Hellenic Fleet is established at Thessaloniki with 20 ships, along with the designs for the Neve-class warship from the Duchy of Naxos. The Interregnum Hellenic Government offers protection to the countries of Berat, Dukagjini and Raska, keeping the countries under the same leaders but under the protection and suzerainty of the Kingdom of Greece [MOD, PLEASE].
 * Berat agrees while Dukagjini and Raška decline.
 * Runorqo Empire: The Empire continues constructions of fortifications and essential castles throughout the Empire. Expansion to the south continues and canals, forts and roads are built as the Empire expands. Research into better ships and weaponry continues. The Empire halts expansion for this year, taking the time to integrate its new lands and properly administer them. The Emperor's wife gives birth to a daughter. Ships begin exploring farther and farther, and maps can now somewhat accurately chart the coast of the Empire and parts of the interior, allowing intercity and domestic trade to grow somewhat as travel is now more accurate allowing trips to be more direct. Runorqo citizens begin to expand trade as bronze starts becoming more common outside of the military, creating better pots and pans for cooking, as well as the invention of a two-pronged utensil that is used to pierce and hold food.
 * Kingdom of Tondo: With the recent passing of the beloved monarch, Rajah Gambang, the nation mourns. Diyang Kalangitan assumes the throne, and takes no man to be her husband. Instead, she declares that on the eve of her death, the nobility of Tondo, Ma-I, and Pangasinan shall have an electorate regarding the successor of the united realms of Tondo. Kalangitan further consolidates her poweriscreetely assigning political opponents to far-flung provinces of Tondo or to Tondo's vassals of Ma-I and Pangasinan, or to colonization attempts in Palawan, Busuang and Samar. The government of Tondo can be roughly described as a Federal Monarchy, with each province ruled by a council with members proportionate to the province's population. Diyang Kalangitan invites the Huang of Pangasinan, his daughter and Ma-I's regency council, and officials from every province to draft something akin to an OTL constitution, namely, the Saligang Batas ng Tondo at Nasasakupan Nito (Constitution of the sovereign Kingdom of Tondo and all its holdings and possessions). As Maynila is one of the richest cities in South East Asia, it is now high-time to create a lasting legacy for it. A series of bridges and canals connecting the Pasig and Tagik (OTL Taguig) Rivers and all their tributaries to provide acquatic transportation, ease movement of goods, and simply build bridges above the waterways to ease the transportation of people in the Greater Tondo Province (OTL Metro Manila). To prevent problems of income inequality and unequal development, selected families in the capital are given incentives of food and gold to relocate to developing towns and cities in Cavite, Romblon and Samar. A road network has already connected Tondo Province to Cavite, and a series of roads from southeastern and southern Luzon to Pangasinan has already began construction. Tondo metallurgical capabilities increase as blast furnaces and ironforges are built all around the state. The port of Maynila is further expanded, with the navy increasing by 25 small ships and seven war junks. Trade with nearby states continue. Tondo continues expansion in Samae, Palawan and Busuanga. 2000 additional soldiers are trained. Kalangitan orders 400 ships to move to patrol the Visayas archipelago, mainly  to protect the trade routes, and secretly to intimidate Cebu. Expansion into Palawan, Negros and Samar continues.
 * Huangdom of Ma-I: With Tondo's grace, Ma-I settles the western part of Busuanga Island, and dedicates 100 citizens there. Li Han thrives as a cultural and financial capital of Ma-I, while Beigang immediately becomes the second port of Tondo, and conducts trade regularly with nearby nations.
 * Huangdom of Pangasinan: With Tondo's grace, Pangasinan expands into Central and Northern Luzon, attempting to assimilate the mountain and Igorot tribes located nearby to access the massive agricultural treasure in the Banaue Rice Terraces and the farmlands of Central Luzon. The administrative capital city, Pangasinan, begins construction of a road connecting it to Maynila. Blast furnace construction continues, and a small defense fleet of 15 ships is allotted by Tondo to Pangasinan. Pangasinense traders report sightings of small islands west of Luzon, and scouts are sent by Pangasinan to verify their claims. Pangasinan claims these islands west of Mainland Luzon, now named as the Gambang Islands in honor of Rajah Gambang  (OTL Scarborough Shoal)
 * Kingdom of Ireland: We begin constructing a Royal Palace to be finished in 1453, as well as expanding the road network across the country which will also be finished in 1453. We assemble a Parliament with a House of Commons for Knights of the Shire and Mayors as well as a House of Lords for nobility and Irish Chieftains. We continue to expand our education system as we build more school across the country. We also set up the University of Cork in Cork to fund scientific discovery. With English help, we expand our shipbuilding facilities and begin building a modern navy. We begin to centralise power with the king beginning to be able to wield more power though limited by the Parliament. With the chaos in Scandinavia, we take the opportunity to declare war on the Northern  Irish States (all of them) (300,000) with our army (400,000 overall pop) and request help from England (Mod Response)(English Response).
 * What do you need a mod respone for exactly? -Sky
 * Kingdom of England Dip: We send 2000 troops to support the Irish offensive.
 * Brandenburg-Luxembourg: Heinrich, upon hearing of the news of incidents occuring in his allies domains, realizes that war with the teutons will prove a disaster unless he can secure their backing so he issues a partial lift on the embargo allowing none military vessels to use Brandenburg ports though high tariffs on Teutonic goods are put in its place and declares official support to the new duke of Burgundy offering 2000 troops from Luxembourg to help restore order within the Duke's domains and to help quash any rival claimants. In the east most of the forces are demobilized though a strong 5000 forces are maintained on the Brandenburg-Teuton border are maintained to protect against any possible teutonic incursions. With the plans for war with the teutonic order postoned military reforms are continued being finalized after nine years leading to the creation of a slightly modified but stil powerful force that the Prince Elector envisioned upon taking power nearly a decade ago. With a force of 18,000 upon mobilization in Brandenburg, 4000 upon mobilization in Luxembourg, and with funds set aside to raise an army of 6000 mercenaries if necessary in times of war. In an open declaration Heinrich promises to not disrupt trade in the Baltic sea or in the HRE, but states that due to high tentions with the Teutonic Order it is necessary to protect the holdings and economic stability of his domains from potential risks coming out of the east. Meanwhile, trade continues to grow with the trade routes in being consolidated with other HRE members in the Central HRE and in the Lowlands and Rhineland. Heavy investment is made to improve the education provided by the growing universities of Berlin, Stettin, and Luxembourg. WIth the natural sciences, chemistry, medecine, and other areas becoming major areas of studies of Lxuembourg the university's prestige continues to grow. Meanwhile, the theological and political courses in Berlin become some of the most forward thinking in the HRE. The formal education of the young Otto begins under the tutalage of the Clause von Havel. He is taught in the areas of politics religion, mathematics, reading and writing which is done in a standardized version of High German, athletics are also made a major part of his education at his father's insistance as it is Heinrich's belief that the young heir should excel not only at academics but should be the definition of healthy in body not only mind. the young Otto, now aged six, becomes close friends with the children of several other notable families in Brandenburg including the young Wilhelm von Hohenzollern the grandson of the now disgraced Fredriech Hohenzollern the former regent of his grandfather, and of Caroline and Karl von Havel the children of his tutor Claus. these four soon become known in the royal estates for their trouble making and for their war games with the kids of the servants and commoners in the employment of the Prince Elector. While Claus is distraught at the less then civlized behavior his children are engaged in Heinrich is delighted at the military and adventurious nature of his eldest son. He decides that next year the formal military education of his son will begin. Heinrich lays claim to leadership of the Brandenburg Circle leadership.
 * Burgundian Dip: the victorious Duke Charles thanks Brandenburg for the support, and notes the 2000 Luxembourgish troops fought with gallantry.
 * Cologne Diplomacy: Archbishop Dietrich II of Cologne SECRETLY offers Brandenburg an alliance, and to vote directly for it in the coming election, if Brandenburg will guarantee: 1) that it will protect Cologne and its territories from any outside threats in the future; and 2) that as Emperor it will assist Cologne in enforcing religious unity (Catholicism with Adelphinian Reforms) in the future in the many states of the Holy Roman Empire.
 * Ahom Kingdom. The Ahom army occupies 1/3 of Koch territory, as per the peace treaty. Susenphaa also orders the training of 25 more war elephants into the Ganesha Division. The training will complete in three year's time. Susenphaa is glorified as a natonal hero ofter leading the Ahom army to victory against the Koch. Military parades are held marking the Second Battle of Bengmara as a national holiday. The five-year anniversary will be held this year. Susenphaa also orders the renovation of buildings in the four cities of Chariadeo, Jorhat, Rangpur, and Garghaon.
 * Mogadishu: The nation's income continues to grow, both from increased tariffs and from the Royal Trade Fleet. Our manufacturers expand and make more money. We expand southward to connect our realm. 10,000 local tribesman and foreign settlers became citizens of our nation last year due to our policies of land reclamation and immigration attraction. We build cannons for our ships, just five each for our 20 largest ships. We continue to train our army. We continue spreading the silver dinar in our lands, now backed by Mtwara Gold.
 * Bahmanid Dip: Could you send some ships for the Bahmanid invasion of Pegu?
 * Bahmanids: Even though Ismail Shah is a Jafri Shia, he decides to put unity above all and recognizes the authority of Al Mansur An Nasir (and becomes a Zaidi.) The eyes of the nation, however, are to the east. The Majapahiti invasion of Pegu causes near-panic among the Muslim population, most seeing it as a prelude to an invasion of India, and/or an attempt to restore the Vijayanagar Empire. (The Bahmanid perception of Majapahit's military abilities is heavily exaggerated, thanks to them being the only foe to 'best' the 'great Firuz.') The ten 'reserve ships' built during the reign of Ali Nadeem, as well as the three planned for next year, are quickly finished and increase the Bahmanid fleet to 100 vessels. (MOD RESPONSE NEEDED ON THE SUPPORT OF OUR ALLIES OMAN AND DELHI) The Sultan asks Mogadishu to send as many ships as possible. Ismail Shah is also quick to spread rumors among the Hindu population that the Majapahitis have come to replace their traditional ways with heretical Gunturism. A joint Dehlavi-Bahmanid army of 100,000 men is prepared and transport ships are gathered from the many ports of India.
 * Note: The expeditionary force will reach Pegu 2-3 months after the Majapahitis do-late enough for Pegu to be completly conquered by Majapahit beforehand, but too late for Majapanit to send any reinforcements (in time).
 * Mod Response: Oman declines the offer to get involved, but Delhi, expressing the same fears as the Bahmanis, agrees to join the war against Majapahit. -Rexmod
 * Gurkani Diplomacy: 30 ships are sent to aid the Bahamanid navy
 * Mogadishu Diplomacy: 100 ships and 8000 men are sent to aid our Allies.
 * Austrian: Archduke Albert V & II receives a letter from his son. He is enraged, the Count of Wurttemberg has insulted him too many times, denied his statues as heir to The House of Wittelsbach, and seemingly renegged on his agreement to become a vassal. This can only mean war. Telling his father his plans in the letter, Albert makes quick work. While Ferdinand marches with his ten thousand men on the city of Esslingen, Albert orders another five thousand men raised from Austria and Bavaria, and orders them to meet up with Ferdinand's forces at the city. IN the End, a combined force of fifteen thousand men prepare to assault the city, while the Wurttemberg army reacts to this giant force assaulting their city, bunkering up inside thankfully before the Austrians can set up camp. They hope they can repulse them, just as the Austrians hope to end Wurttemberger resistance with a decisive victory. Albert himself cannot lead the forces, seeing this as a wonderful oportunity to test Ferdinand's skills in warcraft. He himself must attend both the Conference of Thessaloniki and The Imperial Diet. Not able to attend two things at once, he solves this by appointing his second son, Rudolph, as Herrkanzler of Austria, sending him in his stead to the Imperial Diet, not wanting to trust him with advocating for his brother as King of Greece. The current Herrkanzler, Alfred von Hollabrunn, is "demoted" to Herrvizekanzler, but ensured that he will regain his former position once the Diet is over and speaks with Rudolph and Alfred together, giving no one person any illusions about their real positions (i.e. Alfred still in charge of the government). Rudolph departs to the Diet, with specific instructions from his father ... In the Meanwhil,e the Siege of Esslingen is a resounding success. The Austrian forces capture the city, establishing a base of operations within the region with minimal casualties. Ferdinand himself earns the respect of his men, a good battle leader who led them to victory. The Armies advance all over Wurttemberg, fighting various other minor engagements with the Count's remaining forces, dwindling them down untill they fight their last stand. The Count, Ludvig II, is injured, captured, and brought to Ferdinand. With the Count his captive, Ferdinand triumphantly enters the city of Stuttgart with his army. Afterward, a Great Treaty is signed in the city. The Treaty of Stuttgart sees Ludvig II, reigning less than one year, grant all of his territory to Ferdinand, incorporating Wurttemberg into the County of Habsburg, renounced all claims both for himself, and for his house for time immemorial, declaring Albert the true head of the House of Wittelsbach.
 * Duchy of Thuringen: The city guard continues to defend the capital city of Erfurt. Our military grows by adding more recruits each year. We continue to trade again with our neighboring states. Farming goes well in our nation this year. The healthy population continues to increase by 3% each year. Karsten's improvement in the training area finishes this year when his parents die. Our economy continues to try to rebuild itself from the collapse of 1439. We continue to invest in Ekehard's printing press, thinking it will help boost our economy of our nation back to what it used to be in 1438 before the collapse. Both Frederick and Anna die of old age this year but at different times of the year. Karsten takes over as heir to the throne. First thing as Duke of Thuringen, Karsten steps up and tries to become circle leader of both the Hessen and Thuringen-Saxony circle. A statue is built in the capital city at the duke's castle for Frederick.
 * Ottoman Sultanate: The sultan works to build schools across the Ottoman Empire and works on hiring people across the state. More Muslims are sent to the south and some Turks are sent to mix with the other Muslims in the areas. The army then is brought back to surround the city while the army tries to gain more troops to replace. With the loss of the city Murad goes into Ankara and works on his army and navy weaponry. The sultan then begins to work on trading with the Thrimids and the Caliphate. Murad begins to send traders past Thrimid's land to Afghanistan and some going into India. The sultan begins to work on making Ankara a new city as Murda said "Better then the other" as he works on making the city a trading center - while the army is trained. The sultan begins to work his military training. Slaves are sent to mosques and schools to learn Arabic and Ottoman Turkish and Qu'ran and told they should teach 50 people how to read and speak Ottoman Turkish and Arabic. We ask the Gurkani Sultanate for peace and to work on making a peace treaty. Murad begins to work on fixing his fame, but more and more troops and people begin to lose hope with Murad, with more and more people getting tried of his rule. 
 * Wallachia (Ottoman vassal): The sultan begins to create 800 more mosques - mostly in the South, and recruiting peasants for the army. More imams are sent to Serbia in hope of converting the population. The troops are ordered not to fire unless fired upon, the troops begin to work on defenses. The castle is now worked on by peasants. With the riots across the vassals the government is sent in to stop any riots but the government halts their construction of mosques (but already-built mosques will stay) but Wallachian Muslims are recommended to move down south and to spread across the green areas while they are recommended to then populate the area.
 * Buha: The Emperor announces that he will cut down 10,000 square miles of trees to make farmland for the agriculture projects, and we are cementing our rule in Buganda. We are considering war with the last remaining lands of the the Kingdom of Buganda. We have also changed our name to Buha. We increase taxes on the wealthiest citizens of our Empire.
 * Bini Kuzir Missionaries: We humbly suggest that you not raise taxes on your wealthiest citizens, but rather, implement a flat 10% tax on all subjects of your realm. It will gain you your coin while not discouraging economic growth and investment in your lands. We also suggest that you implement the use of terraced farming to tax advantage of your hilly terrain whilst not denying yourself the ability to expand your crop yields as a result of your location.
 * Our Emperor follows the wisdom of the missionaries and orders a 10% tax on the entire population, and drops plans to tax the wealthiest the most.
 * Poland-Lithuania: The Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania unite into the Kingdom of Poland-Lithuania after the signing of the Acts of Union of Lublin and all of the terms of the treaty are enforced. King Wladyslaw III focuses on consolidating the interior of the nation. Roman and Stephen, sons of the King's vassal Voivode Ilias Musat of Moldavia are in Poland, tutored by the King himself. King Wladyslaw III continues to turn into Crown lands any fiefdoms that reverted to the Crown after their nobles owners died. Some more poor friends of the King are nobilized and given extremely small fiefs along with an annual wage after vowing to always support the King and the Royal Dynasty, especially in the Sejm. King Wladyslaw III orders to initiate a gradual and peaceful process of resettlement of Kaunas, Vilnius, Trakai and Kernavė with highly motivated Polish settlers. In the economic realm, growing cottage industries begin to develop, such as iron working and wool trading in the burgeoning burghs, and animal husbandry continues to displace grain farming. To keep trade moving, taxes on goods are lowered, now that the war is over, to make smuggling unprofitable. Krakow, Warsaw, Poznan, Bydgoszcz, Lublin, Lwow, Warszawa, Kaunas, Vilnius, Trakai, Kernavė, Kiev, Minsk and Chernigov experience a vast growth and increase in trade, attributed to a combination of lower taxes along with Jew money lending practices being de facto allowed and not persecuted. We begin to spread disconent within the Grand Boyardom of Russia sensing that their collapse is inevitable, only trying to speed it up. Many notable scholars as per King's orders, continue to work in the Slavonic language, to fix any grammatical and spelling errors. More books are published on the Slavonic language.
 * Moldavia: Voivode Ilias Musat focuses on consolidating the interior of the nation. In the economic realm, growing cottage industries begin to develop, such as iron working and wool trading in the burgeoning burghs, and animal husbandry continues to displace grain farming. To keep trade moving, taxes on goods are lowered, now that the war is over, to make smuggling unprofitable. Suczawa experiences a vast growth and increase in trade, attributed to a combination of lower taxes along with Jew money lending practices being de facto allowed and not persecuted. A series of garrison forts are maintained along the border of the Ottoman Empire, the largest of the forts is Fort Jagiello, and being quarter walled with duct trenches and heavy palisades defending the reinforced stone that lay behind it. Fort Jagiello being a focal point to the Polish efforts to stop any Ottoman initiatives for expansion into the Polish realm as well as serving to honor and fulfill the 50 year NAP with the Ottoman Empire.
 * King Olaf of Sweden: My children, Adele and Nils begin being more active and I hail my son as Jarl of Småland. Magnus shows inclination as an artist and Kristina is a sweet bundle of joy. Seeing Queen Emma irresponsible in her son's caretaking, I am taking tutelage over little Eric, and devote as many hours of my time to him. He seems happy around me, Isabella and the children. He sees me as his loving uncle, and we speak a lot in Swedish, Danish and Latin. I have continued instructing him in state affairs. Alas, he is very dependent on me and has his attacks of visions, which leaves me questioning if he may ot be possessed. I continue a policy of expanding eastward in Finland, to reach the Russian border. In order to cheer Demetrius up, I go to his castle and drink some beer with him. This doesn't cheer him up, though. I reaffirm my alliance with Brandenburg and secretly agree to their plan. We ask the pope to remove Blekinge from the Archbishopric of Lund and add it to the Archbishopric of Uppsala, in light of the current changes. Settlers found a settlement called Olafstad on a lake now called Olafkonung (OTL Oulujärvi Lake). As the crisis unfolds, I do a bold move, which will likely come to haunt me all my life: I offer peace to the thralls. I offer them freedom and offer them lands to settle in the East, near Lake Olafkonung. I offer them peace, and the abolition of thralldom to Christians. In return, I ask every pagan thrall to either convert to the One True Faith, or abandon our lands immediately. (MOD response, I ask for Rex or Sky to do this).
 * Declan O'Connor, self-proclaimed thrall-lord agrees, and due to his charismatic prowess, converts numerous pagan thralls to Christianity and ventures toward the land of the pagans.
 * Iroquois Confederacy: Chogan and his men, having successfully pushed back the Potawatomi enough to set up a more secured border, return back to Cayuga to continue the building projects. Chief Apenimon has more war dogs bred, guaranteeing that every fort/outpost has a small pack. With demand for copper continuously rising, Apenimon expands the mining production to OTL New Jersey, where farmers have found the precious metal. The first class of shamans trained at Hanowa graduate and are sent to the frontier. It is Apenimon's belief that every single Iroquois should have access to both religion and the sacred medicine of the shamans. Due to the success of Hanowa, a school for children opens in Tonawanda (OTL Buffalo, NY). The purpose of this school is to teach children the basics of the Iroquois culture, including; agriculture, religion, war, medicine, and the culture/languages of our allies. This is the first of hopefully many schools that parents from all over can send their children to. Five children from each region are selected to attend. If successful, a school will open in Nowadaga and Tiohero.
 * Benin: Traders from Benin finally begin their trip to India, bringing with them a vast array of gold, ivory, pepper, chocolate, diamonds, and palm oil for their planned trading in the area. Using information gained from the Arab merchants in East Africa, the Bini merchants sail across the Indian Ocean from Sofala, and arrive in the port city of Kochi, where the begin their trading with the local nation. News of the location of India is relayed back to Benin, where the merchant caste begins planning new trade routes to the Indian subcontinent. Expansion of the trade routes in East Africa continues with the security of Sofala from the Muslim invaders secured. Back in Benin, Dari Aisosa Nosariere confirms his suspicions about the earth's true relationship with the sun, and he publishes his findings in the Nature of the The Celestial Bodies, in which he states that the universe rotates around the sun, and not the earth. His work is immediately read through by his fellow dari, and lacking evidence to counter his stunning discoveries, the Dari Council agrees that the work is of sound scientific backing. The Nature of the The Celestial Bodies immediately becomes a popular selling in the town squares of Benin's largest cities, where Bini subjects pour through the information that has shattered in many ways the ideas of their world and the role it truly held in the universe. Additional printing presses are built throughout Benin as its effectiveness as a tool of information distribution is harnessed by the Oba and the clergy. Books from the greatest period of scientific growth in the last five hundred years known as the Islamic Golden Age, are mass produced throughout the major printing presses of Benin. With the continued patronage of the Oba, the number of printing presses in Benin grows from five to fifty within just a few years of the introduction of the technology. Benin expands by 10,000 kilometers in West Africa, seeking to expand its access to certain exotic foodstuffs that sell well in Europe and North Africa, as well as discovery of diamonds in the Oro province (OTL Liberia). The demographic changes in Benin are continuing, as the native populations in the majority of settle lands are no longer be kept as slaves, but now sold off to foreigners to remove them from the region. However, as the Bini have been expanding, the number of converts to Kuzirism has been increasing. Thus far, 75% of the population in Benin is of Bini origin, with the inbreeding of conquered peoples into the Bini population, and the raising of their offspring under Bini culture and ideology. The dispersal of the remaining population of conquered peoples throughout Benin has also helped to break ties before people and their native lands. Thanks to the prevalence of illiteracy and ignorance in the conquered lands when Benin arrived, the people lacked any understanding of where their homeland was, and with the hand of the Bini guiding their views and education, the empire has been able to thoroughly break the back of elites who attempted to restore their power in their homelands. With most of their original lands depleted of the original inhabitants as the Bini resettled them and colonized the land, most former nobles have given up on their political aspirations, instead taking to the lucrative trading and agriculture industries. Deforestation of many lands in Benin and developing them into prime farmlands, has helped to boost the population in regions where the majority of people once relied on subsistence farming to survive. With the introduction of irrigation, crop rotation, deep-soil plowing, and manuring of farmlands in the newly conquered lands of the empire, the crop yields in Benin have exploded so as to support the growing number of cities throughout the region. With originally 400 cities in Mali and 200 cities in the Niger Delta, the number of cities in Benin has increased, with more than 200 cities and towns established across Ghana, the Ivory Coast and the northern Nigerian hinterlands in the last fifty years. With some of the world's most fertile lands and the most productive river on the continent in terms of food production, the population growth of Benin is expected to continue as is for the foreseeable future. Dari Sadiki Abubakar takes it upon himself to thoroughly explain the teachings of Kuzirism to the old hermit of Buganda, explaining why his teachings were wrong, but simply poorly understood. Using kindness and patience, Dari Sadiki teaches the hermit the truth about Kuzirism seeking to impress upon the old man a complete understanding of the religion he is misguided about. (MOD RESPONSE NEEDED) 
 * Kingdom of England and Scotland: With the Kingdom of Ireland pacifying its subjects, 2000 troops from 9000 strong English army in Scotland are sent to send Ireland where half of the nobles appointed to the new Irish lands iwll be English while the 5000 in England remain ready for any violence in England. The King remains in Scotland while the Kingdom is reorganised. James II is imprisoned in England if he hasn't escaped while all other nobles are allowed to keep their current positions although any who rise up or vacate their lands after the battle of Edinburg are considered traitors and their lands are confiscated and made property of the crown. The Kingdom of Scotland remains as a separate Kingdom which Richard IV is crowned as Richard I of Scotland in Holyrod. While two castles in Caithness, six castles on the coast on the western coast of the Scottish highlands and seven castles within the Scottish lowlands and their surrounding regions are confriscated by the crown. 20,000 Scottish people surrounding these castles are deported to England while 20,000 English people are moved in to replace them around the casltes. All the men must know how to use a weapon and only pay taxes to the castle's holder. A lord warden of Scotland is appointed by King Richard I and the Lord Warden appoints 15 Wardens to the royal castles. The English Parliament votes to provide the Crown of Scotland with a yearly payment for defence and improvement of the existing defences which goes to the Lord Warden who allocates it to his wardens who use it to improve the defences of their castles. Meanwhile, in England, the reign continues to go smoothly with people happy the war in Scotland went well while King Richard's family continues to grow larger and older.


 * France: Coming soon. 15,000 (or needed numbers of troops) are sent to the Netherlands toward the beginning of the year to defend Charles' claim against the foreign supporters and the false claimaints.
 * Majapahit Empire: With the Invasion of Pegu beginning, their fleets in the Andaman Sea are sunk, and Martabar (the initial landing site) is overrun within a week, whereas Pegu is overrun by the 17th of March of 1450 CE (OOC: This is in Gregorian Calendar for clarification). However, trouble emerges once news of the Bahmanid involvement reaches Trowulan, but by then, the Second Battle of the Andaman Sea occurs. (OOC: The following is dependent on the Mogadishu response and is approved by the moderators. This might be controversial due to the obscure nature of the Great Admiral) As a result, the Majapahit Empire is seemingly overwhelmed by the numerical superiority of the opponent. During the battle, Admiral Ali Kusuma, a veteran of the Second Sacred War, is killed, making Captain Cahya Purnama an Acting Admiral, who takes command and after luring the Bahmanids into a trap, the invaders are sunk to the bottom of the seas, while back in Papua, the population of Kesuburan reaches 630, and the settlement expands by 3 px, mostly for agricultural land. The Empire continues to develop infrastructure and culturally integrate Borneo and The Celebes. Integration begins of the Maluke Islands this year, while Wuwamba Yuda becomes Gustimaharaja as he becomes "Brahma's new vessel" upon the close of the year.
 * Bohemia: With the situation in the balkans taken care of, we offer that the nations of Dukagjini and Raška join the Kingdom of Serbia for defense against outside forces. (Mod Response) We continue to fund our education heavily. We increase trade to the east through our participation in the Compact of Iskenderun. Wenceslaus' children, besides Heidrich, continue schooling, as Heidrich graduates and gets married. Wenceslaus V, seeing the situation in Burgundy, declares official support for the younger son of Duke Phillip, who is trying to claim the Dutch holdings of Burgundy. We send 30,000 troops to assist the Dutch in their independence movement. We continue to influence the electors. We continue policies of Germanization in the crown lands of Bohemia.
 * By the time the Bohemian army arrives, the victorious Burgundian army is rested and resupplied, and it's suggested to the Bohemian commander that he, in the name of Wencelaus, renounce support for the false claimant and turn for home.
 * Mod Response: Dukagjini and Raska again refuse the Serbian offer.
 * The Bohemian army moves to the city of the Hague.
 * Brandenburgish Diplomacy: Heinrich demands that Bohemia stand down as it's attempted intervention in the Burgundian crisis is a direct violation of the Treaty of Prague and Heinrich will not hesitate to defend their allies in the lowlands even if it means war against the emperor who is once more over stepping his authority in HRE politics.
 * Papal States: Whilst the day to day running of the States continues unperturbed, no major decisions can be made until the end of the sede vacante period. Cardinals who have not voted yet are asked to do so
 * Mayapan: Aztec expansion is heavily but discreetly monitored and preliminary defenses are prepared in case of war. The military is kept on the border, prepared to deal a blow to the Aztecs. Emperor Atlahua continues rallying the citizens of the nation for, what he believes, is an imminent war against the Aztecs. He stirs up nationalist sentiment with the citizens, increasing unity between the city-states. Integration of the southern city-states into the League is continued by the High Council. Each new state is expected to supply men to train and serve in the national army. The council seeks to improve commerce and communication between the many settlements of the Yucatan by constructing and maintaining roads between them. Work continues to renovate and update existing buildings, roads and to create plans for future upkeep and renovations.
 * Cologne: Archbishop Dietrich II mourns the death of His Holiness and waits with bated breath for the results of the Papal Conclave, whilst advising Ekkehard that this means his offer will not be addressed for a few years given the length of the last conclave. The barracks expand in popularity with the noble lords and their knight sons, and Dietrich II begins to build further barracks to attract lesser nobles to train as knights. The ports are steadily improved, and the roads begin to streamline trade in Cologne from Westphalen as much as possible. Revenue for this year increases, on top of the money Cologne has gained from royalties of Ekkehard, who gets royalties from all nations who have agreed to the aforementioned royalties for Ekkehard and all his heirs and successors for the invention of the printing press.
 * Essen: Abbess Sophia reiterates her proposal to Poland of a trade deal between it and Cologne/Essen, accompanied by Poland sending copies of some of its best texts. She also asks Ireland (Desmond), Brandenburg and Norway for copies of their best texts in a gesture of good will since Cologne gifted them with the magic of the printing press. Meanwhile, given that Ekkehard is not getting any younger, Abbess Sophia asks him to teach at the University of Essen, and he starts a new course in the study of printing. Many young people flock to learn this new art, but Ekkehard reserves the key secrets for his sons’ and daughters’ ears only.
 * Brandenburg diplomacy: Heinrich agrees to Cologne's requests but also requests that Cologne support Brandenburg and Burgundy in their struggle against the Bohemian emperor who is in direct violation of the Treaty of Prague.
 * Polish-Lithuanian Dip: We guarantee Cologne's and Essen's independence from expanding powers, send our best texts to Essen and agree to the trade agreement offer. (Sorry for my late response.)
 * Aragon: Celebrates the completion of Barcelona's reconstruction. The move of all governmental institutions back to Barcelona is also complete, and Barcelona has become a shining beacon of Iberian excellence. The Crown Princess, having completed her training, is sent with an armed escort to Malta, where she will govern the County, alone. We invite Crown Prince Sancho of Castile to join his wife, to jointly govern Malta as a sort of rehearsal for when they become King and Queen of Iberia. The Crown Princess, meanwhile, has become quite busy, and rumours in the court, while not confirmed by the King, say that she is in the middle of writing a manifesto on how she will structure her government, which impresses many of the nobles in the court.
 * In the Kingdom of Italy, King Niccolò Maria works to integrate the newly conquered realms of Modena, Padua, Ferrara, and Mantua into the Kingdom. To this end, he implements his education reforms and begins the instruction of the newly standardized Italian language. Sailing past Gibraltar continues, and many Italian merchants begin to head to nations such as Portugal, England, and Burgundy to trade goods that originated along the Silk Road (to which we have access via the Compact of Iskanderun).
 * In the Kingdom of Naples, Queen Mary Anjou oversees a transition from a feudal state to a more centralized one. To this end, she orders the Dukes of the six duchies to begin buying smaller fiefdoms and centralizing power. The Queen also grants all major cities (including Naples, Amalfi, Bari, Reggio Calabria, and Taranto) rights as free cities, outside of the duchies and under direct royal rule. Guilds begin to become more and more powerful in these cities, something the Queen agrees to for now. Neapolitan settlement (along with Italian settlement) of Epirus and the Morea continues earnestly, with Italian now being spoken alongside Greek in both of these nations. In Croia, the recent protection agreement between Berat and Greece causes Stefan Thopia to reconsider his target, settling upon Dukagjini for now.
 * Ngarridjeri Confederacy:  It came to pass one spring, that the Valley of OTL Adeleid was devoid of food, and the people there were greatly hungry. For many days, the people hunted along the Murrey River, looking for sustenance, but found nothing. After some time, the more violent sects of shamans began advocating ritual cannibalism to relieve the famine. Desparate to feed end this madness, the Patriarch of the tribe called on the wisest elders to confer on the matter, but they could not make an answer. So finally, one Dreamspeaker arrived in the elders' tent, saying he had just come back from the First Ones in Dreamtime. Through him, the First Ones instructed the Ngarridjeri on the art of planting seeds to grow food, and use that to sustain themselves. The tribes obeyed the words of the First Ones, and so began the tradition of growing food for part of the year while they continued to migrate to better hunting grounds.

1451
'''Princess Arianne of Aragon is reported to be pregnant while away at Malta. She continues to write her manifesto about government, but when her term comes due, she dies of childbirth. Sancho, upset at the passing of his wife, declares himself to be the sole heir of Aragon but the elders of Aragon, including John of Aragon, declare that responsibility falls to Eleanor of Aragon. The crisis is brought to a head when King Alfonso V dies due to heart failure upon hearing the death of his daughter'''

'''Akachi Olofi, the Hermit of Buganda, proved to be very emotional and charismatic during a public debate with Dari Sadiki Abubakr, while explaining his ministry as showing all the former gods of Africa as many manifestations of the One God Olorun, including the god of Kuzir. While Abubakr was preparing to return to Benin, lightning struck the encampment in a flash storm, filling the people with awe who previously doubted the power of Olorun'''

A major peasant revolt erupts in Moscow against the Boyar rule of Novgorod, led by the charismatic Ivan Kade (not a great general, for once).

'''Some of the 20,000 Scottish people deported to England rise up, kill local English people, and attempt to return home. Meanwhile, some of the 20,000 English people sent to Scotland are killed by their neighbors. However, the majority of the resettled people remain in their arrangement.'''

The Ottoman Sultan Murad dies and no one cares because he was apparently not a very well liked man.

Delhi sends aid to the Bahmanids but reminds the Bahmanids that Delhi maintains its commitment to Sunni Islam.  Also, aren't the Bahmanids also Sunnis?

'''A Confucian philosopher in Nanjing tests a theory of motion by dropping two different sized balls of mud off of the Porcelain Tower, only for it to land on a passing magistrate. Although his experiment remained incomplete, his imprisonment was not (Mud event)'''

''Attention all players: Please look at the nations list. Remove all nations that you have annexed, conquered or otherwise absorbed. Add your name to any states that are now your vassal or whatever. Thank you. -Scraw'' 

'''After debate with Viva, and a mod council consisting of Rex, Josh, Nate, and me, Viva's population has been retconed to 26.5 million, based on his original source for Africa having 75 million at this point, this puts him more in line with OTL numbers from the University of Pittsburgh. Other mods have my email if they need to reach me immediatly, but I will be in class between 7:30 and 3PM EST tommorow, and without talking to me first I do not expect another mod to contridict me ~Edge.'''


 * Duchy of Burgundy: The lands celebrate the defeat of the Dutch rebels and their Bohemian supporters. With the bohemian army destroyed, and after consulting his Brandenburgian allies, decides it would be prudent to not wait for Bohemia to violate a third treaty, and assembles a force of 30,000 troops and marches east to meet up with the main Brandenburgian army. Charles thanks the French king for the support, but makes it clear its his majesty's choice if he wants to send troops east with Burgundy.


 * Ngarridjeri Confederacy: The tribes receive their first bounty of harvest this year from their experiment with agriculture. They decide to start a tradition with this every migration season. The plants they specifically grow are sugar canes, yams, but mostly tabor roots. During the hunting season, they track and slaughter various kinds of marsupials. Trade is established with the neighboring tribal states of Kaurna, Merkani, Ngadjuri, and Nukunu. The whole population of the tribe numbers 6000, although this figure is unknown to them at this time.
 * Runorqo Empire: The Empire continues constructions of fortifications and essential castles throughout the Empire. Expansion to the south continues and canals, forts and roads are built as the Empire expands. Research into better ships and weaponry continues. The Empire continues improving its cutlery, introducing spoons and small knives to cut food with, as well as more specialized pots and pans, expanding the recipes and variety of Runorqo cooking. Imperial units are assigned cooks, and they are charged with cooking and handling food supplies for their units. The Emperor designates the roles of Celders, with each one put in place of organizing and controlling 10 Culn Units each, with the groups Elders, reporting to the Celder, allowing for more organization of military units, Celder Units are encouraged but not told to cooperate with each other and plan together before combat situations. With the average Culn unit having approximately 45 men per unit, on average each Celder unit will have 450 men, though numbers can range from as low as 30 to as high as 60 per Culn unit, meaning that total numbers are usually irregular. Only about seven Celder units are created, with two in Chan Chan, three in Chu-Ica, one in Quzco, and one in Chancay. The remaining Culn units are on their own throughout the Empire, and these new units are more of an experiment than a permanent position.
 * Poland-Lithuania: King Wladyslaw III focuses on consolidating the interior of the nation. Roman and Stephen, sons of the King's vassal Voivode Ilias Musat of Moldavia are in Poland, tutored by the King himself. King Wladyslaw III continues to turn into Crown lands any fiefdoms that reverted to the Crown after their nobles owners died. Some more poor friends of the King are nobilized and given extremely small fiefs along with an annual wage after vowing to always support the King and the Royal Dynasty, especially in the Sejm. King Wladyslaw III orders to initiate a gradual and peaceful process of resettlement of Kaunas, Vilnius, Trakai and Kernavė with highly motivated Polish settlers. In the economic realm, growing cottage industries begin to develop, such as iron working and wool trading in the burgeoning burghs, and animal husbandry continues to displace grain farming. To keep trade moving, Jews are not persecuted and taxes on goods are lowered, to make smuggling unprofitable. Krakow, Warsaw, Poznan, Bydgoszcz, Lublin, Lwow, Warszawa, Kaunas, Vilnius, Trakai, Kernavė, Kiev, Minsk and Chernigov experience a vast growth and increase in trade, attributed to a combination of lower taxes along with Jew money lending practices being de facto allowed and not persecuted. We begin to spread disconent within the Grand Boyardom of Russia sensing that their collapse is inevitable, only trying to speed it up. Many notable scholars as per King's orders, continue to work in the Slavonic language, to fix any grammatical and spelling errors. More books are published on the Slavonic language.  We ask our allies, the nobility dissatisfied with the Boyar in the Grand Boyardom of Russia and the republicans, if we should move against the Boyar, now that Peasant Rebellion against the Boyar is providing us a perfect cover, before the rebellion is suppressed and its too late. [MOD RESPONSE NEEDED] 
 * Moldavia: Voivode Ilias Musat focuses on consolidating the interior of the nation. In the economic realm, growing cottage industries begin to develop, such as iron working and wool trading in the burgeoning burghs, and animal husbandry continues to displace grain farming. To keep trade moving, Jews are not persecuted and taxes on goods are lowered, to make smuggling unprofitable. Suczawa experiences a vast growth and increase in trade, attributed to a combination of lower taxes along with Jew money lending practices being de facto allowed and not persecuted. A series of garrison forts are maintained along the border of the Ottoman Empire, the largest of the forts is Fort Jagiello, and being quarter walled with duct trenches and heavy palisades defending the reinforced stone that lay behind it. Fort Jagiello being a focal point to the Polish efforts to stop any Ottoman initiatives for expansion into the Polish realm as well as serving to honor and fulfill the 50 year NAP with the Ottoman Empire.
 *  Nobles accept, preparing to free themselves from the Boyardom. 


 * Kingdom of Ireland: We begin constructing a Royal Palace to be finished in 1453. We begin expanding the road network across the rest of the country, though due to the new conquered territories, completion is estimated to be in 1457. We assemble a Parliament with a House of Commons for Knights of the Shire and Mayors as well as a House of Lords for nobility and Irish Chieftains. We continue to expand our education system as we build more schools across the country. We begin to build a print shop in Cork to print out books, broadsheets and make more presses (Finished 1452). With English help, we expand our shipbuilding facilities and begin building a modern navy. We begin to centralise power with the king beginning to be able to wield more power though limited by the Parliament. We build fortifications in our lands as well as beginning to expand pre-existing towns and cities. Cork now has a population of 10,000 and is quickly turning into a bustling city. We also gift our conquered lands to nobles, though 50% of them are appointed by the English King. With the new influx of foreigners, we begin to try to assimilate them by teaching them Gaelic and our culture. We begin planning reforms to increase our economy. We send diplomats to Declan O'Connor with gold and gifts begging him and his followers to come back to Ireland promising them newly conquered lands in Ireland as well as appealing to his patriotism. We also offer to abolish the thrall trade in Ireland and imprison the people who enslaved him and his followers. (Mod Response)
 * Declan O'Connor, King of Thralls and defender of faith declines, claiming it is his duty to work on exterminating paganism in his new homeland. -Sky
 * Brandenburg-Luxembourg: Heinrich is infuriated at the Bohemia's intrusion on the succession matter of his allies in BUrgundy declaring it a direct violation of the treaty of Prague which brought peace in the war of the lions. Heinrich mobilizes his troops marking and hires some 3000 mercenaries bringing the brandenburg Army to 21,000 while in Luxembourg the other 2000 troops are assembled to defend the fortress. Heinrich calls on his Polish allies to aid him if it comes down to it against Bohemia should they refuse to bck down, and also requests support from the other hre members as this is a direct violation of the soveirgnty of the princes. The troops are amassed along the Bohemian border and the strongholds Heinrich has spent a decade constructing are fortified. Though Heinrich states his plans toinvade Bohemia should they refuse to back down from the Burgundian succession. Heinrich also sends secret delegations to Thuringia and Austria and asks them if they desire to join in on the war as they have disputes of their own with the Bohemian crown. Heavy investment is made to improve the education provided by the growing universities of Berlin, Stettin, and Luxembourg. WIth the natural sciences, chemistry, medicene, and other areas becoming major areas of studies of Lxuembourg the university's prestige continues to grow. Meanwhile, the theological and political courses in Berlin become some of the most forward thinking in the HRE. The formal education of the young Otto begins under the tutelage of the Clause von Havel. He is taught in the areas of politics religion, mathematics, reading and writing which is done in a standardized version of High German, athletics are also made a major part of his education at his father's insistance as it is Heinrich's belief that the young heir should excel not only at academics but should be the definition of healthy in body not only mind. the young Otto, now aged six, becomes close friends with the children of several other notable families in Brandenburg including the young Wilhelm von Hohenzollern the grandson of the now disgraced Fredriech Hohenzollern the former regent of his grandfather, and of Caroline and Karl von Havel the children of his tutor Claus. these four soon become known in the royal estates for their trouble making and for their war games with the kids of the servants and commoners in the employment of the Prince Elector. While Claus is distraught at the less then civlized behavior his children are engaged in Heinrich is delighted at the military and adventurious nature of his eldest son. He decides that next year the formal military education of his son will begin. Heinrich lays claim to leadership of the Brandenburg Circle leadership.
 * Polish-Lithuanian Dip: Poland-Lithuania ensures Brandenburg of its utmost support should war break out with Bohemia.
 * Kingdom of Tondo: With the recent passing of the beloved monarch, Rajah Gambang, the nation mourns. Diyang Kalangitan assumes the throne, and takes no man to be her husband. Instead, she declares that on the eve of her death, the nobility of Tondo, Ma-I, and Pangasinan shall have an electorate regarding the successor of the united realms of Tondo. Kalangitan further consolidates her poweriscreetely assigning political opponents to far-flung provinces of Tondo or to Tondo's vassals of Ma-I and Pangasinan, or to colonization attempts in Palawan, Busuang and Samar. The government of Tondo can be roughly described as a Federal Monarchy, with each province ruled by a council with members proportionate to the province's population. Diyang Kalangitan invites the Huang of Pangasinan, his daughter and Ma-I's regency council, and officials from every province to draft something akin to an OTL constitution, namely, the Saligang Batas ng Tondo at Nasasakupan Nito (Constitution of the sovereign Kingdom of Tondo and all its holdings and possessions). As Maynila is one of the richest cities in South East Asia, it is now high-time to create a lasting legacy for it. A series of bridges and canals connecting the Pasig and Tagik (OTL Taguig) Rivers and all their tributaries to provide acquatic transportation, ease movement of goods, and simply build bridges above the waterways to ease the transportation of people in the Greater Tondo Province (OTL Metro Manila). To prevent problems of income inequality and unequal development, selected families in the capital are given incentives of food and gold to relocate to developing towns and cities in Cavite, Romblon and Samar. A road network has already connected Tondo Province to Cavite, and a series of roads from southeastern and southern Luzon to Pangasinan has already began construction. Tondo metallurgical capabilities increase as blast furnaces and ironforges are built all around the state. The port of Maynila is further expanded, with the navy increasing by 25 small ships and seven war junks. Trade with nearby states continue. Tondo continues expansion in Samae, Palawan and Busuanga. 2000 additional soldiers are trained. Kalangitan orders 400 ships to move to patrol the Visayas archipelago, mainly  to protect the trade routes, and secretly to intimidate Cebu. Expansion into Palawan, Negros and Samar continues.
 * Huangdom of Ma-I: With Tondo's grace, Ma-I settles the western part of Busuanga Island, and dedicates 100 citizens there. Li Han thrives as a cultural and financial capital of Ma-I, while Beigang immediately becomes the second port of Tondo, and conducts trade regularly with nearby nations.
 * Huangdom of Pangasinan: With Tondo's grace, Pangasinan expands into Central and Northern Luzon, attempting to assimilate the mountain and Igorot tribes located nearby to access the massive agricultural treasure in the Banaue Rice Terraces and the farmlands of Central Luzon. The administrative capital city, Pangasinan, begins construction of a road connecting it to Maynila. Blast furnace construction continues, and a small defense fleet of 15 ships is allotted by Tondo to Pangasinan. Pangasinense traders report sightings of small islands west of Luzon, and scouts are sent by Pangasinan to verify their claims. Pangasinan claims these islands west of Mainland Luzon, now named as the Gambang Islands in honor of Rajah Gambang  (OTL Scarborough Shoal)
 * Mogadishu: The nation's income continues to grow, both from increased tariffs and from the Royal Trade Fleet. Our manufacturers expand and make more money. We expand southward to connect our realm. 10,000 local tribesman and foreign settlers became citizens of our nation last year due to our policies of land reclamation and immigration attraction. We build cannons for our ships, just five each for our 20 largest ships. We continue to train our army. We continue spreading the silver dinar in our lands, now backed by Mtwara Gold. We begin to build more ships, as 50 ships are ordered in port towns. Ali Sultan crowns himself as the Sultan of the Kingdom of the Swahilli. He converts to Zaidism in the coronation and also announces a policy of religious freedom in Swahili. We ask Sofala for a Royal Marriage, and a unification of the crowns (MOD Response Please, Josh).
 * Cherokee Collective: Agriculture is given emphasis, as we experience a plentiful harvest. To commemorate this a longhouse is built in the capital of [insert name]. Meanwhile, the Grand Chief has developed an illness, and the Council of Elders has begun debating who would be the heir in case the Grand Chief kicks the bucket. Meanwhile, the Dancing Sun faith begins to gain momentum, as Amah's teachings seeped their way to the elite, perhaps winning converts from the upper classes.
 * Ahom Kingdom: Susenphaa orders the renovation of the cities in the Ahom Kingdom. Roads are improved and schools are built up. Susenphaa aslo orders the declaration of another war against Koch. The Ahom hope to destroy the Koch in this next war.
 * The Gurkani Sultanate:  Sultan Zeeshan Beg Mirza continued his rule over the Sultanate, with Al Mansur An Nasir as the Caliph. The Gurkani population rose to about 26.5 million with the people flocking to cities like Herat, Isfahan, Gamrun, Qazvin, Bukhara, Tabriz and Iskenderun; primarily due to their strategic position in the spice trade. In regards to religion, the Sultanate promoted Shia Islam, and advocated conversion to the Zaidi sect from other Islamic sects, often engaging in forced conversions. The military was primarily composed of medium-to-heavy cavalry, composite bow, lance, mace, and sword. Heavy cavalrymen wore plated chain mail or metal lamellar armor, with their horses also wearing leather or metal lamellar barding. The infantry was equipped with daggers and swords to be utilised in close combat against the enemy and elephants as well as carts were used for the transportation of supplies. Cannons were constructed to serve as siege weaponry whilst hand cannons and rocket launchers were developed as gunpowder became increasingly popular. Naval bases were established at Iskenderun, Trabzon and Gamrun to establish the presence of the Gurkani fleet in the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea and the Persian Gulf respectively, keen on controlling any piracy. The Gurkani Navy developed galleys and carracks to augment the smaller patrol fleets. Agriculture and commerce were at the Sultanate's forepoint, with wheat, rice and barley being amongst the largest produced crops. To prevent the Sultanate from ever getting hit by a major famine, the individual Amirs also engaged in the storage of food supplies, which would be utilized in case of famine or otherwise exported. Fishery was promoted as well as it helped in sustaining the fishery villages that were present along the coast, as well as the major port cities of Iskenderun, Basra, Gamrun, Kerch and Trabzon. Importance was also given on the development of proper roads for the merchants utilizing the trade routes through the Sultanate, with all caravans being armed and protected with a small detachment of guards. Meanwhile, the construction of educational madrassahs continued throughout the Empire, with the sultan keen on spreading education and knowledge amongst the populace of the Sultanate. The Sultan sought to replicate the Islamic Golden Age that existed during the period of the Abbasids prior to the Mongol Invasion, and accordingly funded the teaching of Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, with Algebra, Geometry, Astronomy, Anatomy and Medicine being of prime importance. The  lingua franca  promoted throughout the Sultanate was also Persian, primarily due to the fact that Persian had existed as the language spoken by communities in the region for centuries and as such served as an excellent language for communication. The Sultanate continued to expand its territories into the Caucasus and the Persian Gulf islands.  To secure a safe passage for the conduct of trade with India, 195k Gurkani troops launched an attack upon the city of Kandahar. Along the same time, work continued on the construction of a fortified crossing connecting both sides of the Kerch Straits with roughly half of the work having been completed.


 * Khedivate of Trabzon: Amir Julius Megas Komnenos continued his reign over the city of Trabzon, with Julia Komnenos acting as the Regent. Acting as a vassal to the Gurkani Sultanate, he would only be answerable to the Gurkani Amir. The military and the navy were developed along the same lines as their Gurkani counterparts, with a major naval base constructed at the city of Trabzon, where the Trabzon fleet was also situated. Trabzoni authorities continue to work on the construction of a fleet at Trabzon, working side by side with Castilian authorities. The Trabzon Amir, Julius Komnenos would continue to develop the trade route leading from his Black Sea port of Trabzon, connecting it to the city of Tabriz, hoping to make the spice trade routes much more advanced and efficient.
 * Buha: Intrigued by the Kuzir priest's claims, the Buha commoners rally against the hermit, and trap him in his home. They drag him out by force, and once inside his home, find all manners of wealth from gold to ivory within. Outraged, the people tear the hermit apart as an impostor and present his remains to the King of Buha. The people proclaim Dari Abubakar as a truthsayer, and the number of Kuzir converts skyrockets. We create a new sector of government made for food distribution, another sector made for land distribution, as we initiate land reforms, seizing land from former Bugandan elites and giving it to the peasants in our territory. Another sector of government is building roads and providing transportation. We continue to wage war against the tribes. We send 3000 warriors across the Congo river to be trained in Benin and given new arms and weapons.
 * Bini Diplomacy: The Oba of Benin sends his deepest regrets that the people of Buha were nearly misled by a charlatan posing as a man of god. Additional missionaries to aid in the expansion of the Kuzir faith and add the people in combating superstition within your empire have been sent, along with books on education and agriculture to improve the lives of the people in the land.
 * Bahmanids: Ismail Shah mourns the loss of so many Muslim sailors to the Majapahiti menace. He asks if Bengal (who is most threatened by the Majapahiti aggression) would allow Bahmanid and Dehlavi troops to pass through its territory and expel the Majapahitis next year. (MOD RESPONSE). In other news, Ismail Shah promises the people of Delhi that Sunni Islam, or any other religion will not be interfered with, and that the monarch's choice will not be imposed on anyone. He ends his speech with "Are we not all brothers in faith?"
 * Bengal allows this and contributes some troops of its own. -scraw

'''No, they are not really all brothers in faith. Many a war happens between Sunni and Shia. Regardless Delhi agrees to this treaty. -Scraw'''
 * Kingdom of England and Scotland: With news of fighting due to the deportations, the policy is changed so the English survivors in Scotland are all moved near five castles in the Lowlands giving each of the English settlements within Scotland 3000 people allowing them to fight back better while the Scots rebelling in the south are sent north into the Highlands to take the place of the English who left but the Scots who stay are given the land of the Scots who left and a yearly payment to them as compensation. Money continues to go into making advancements to the 15 Royal Castles while King Richard returns home to England with 6000 men leaving 1000 in Scotland to try to keep the King's peace. The English who have been resettled are encouraged to fight back better with all men trained in arms and are reminded in the event of a serious insurrection they should send word to English forces and pull back inside the Royal Castles while searches are conducted by soldiers of neighbouring villages looking for weapons of war in a hope to stop a repeat attack. In the event of any more Scottish insurrection, the King issues the Responsibility For Property act which makes all the nobles directly responsible for the actions of their peasants and must make full sure they are making their best attempt to avoid their peasants from getting out of control or they will be tried for attacking Royal property. Now that King Richard is back home he keeps his policies of academic expansion and a fleet expansion on hold as money is needed to finance an army and construction work while sorting out becoming King of England and Scotland.
 * Benin: The Kuzir delegation under Dari Sadiki Abubakar in Buha decide to stay a little longer, and deal with this Akachi Olofi individual. Unlike the more superstitious natives, the Bini have agreed that leaving immediately after a lightning strike would send the wrong message to the locals. Having been unable to convert the man peacefully, Abubakar turns to a more cold and analytical approach that he sought to avoid. Preaching throughout the region, Abubakar in his discussions with village elders, paints Akachi Olofi as a charlatan, an old man who appears out of nowhere with a vast array of gods he claims are all a single deity. He states that the "hermit" only came out to "preach" only when the Kuzir missionaries arrived, and no doubt sought to exploit the ignorance of the people to fool them into thinking him some sort of prophet. Akachi Olofi speaks of "Olorun" as his god, but Abubakar masterfully points out that "Olorun" isn't a word in the Kinyarwanda language, but was the name for an ancient pagan Yoruba deity back in the Niger Delta, Abubakar's homeland. He couldn't even be bothered to prove his supposed "god" was a unique entity with his own qualities, but a shoddy attempt by some drudge at building a religion for profit. No doubt, this "hermit" is nothing more than an impostor who seeks to exploit the spiritual needs of the locals for his own warped desires. Abubakar spreads this message throughout the kingdom, ensuring that as many people, both those skeptical and convinced of Olofi's "teachings", are aware that the so-called "hermit" is a foreigner disguised as a prophet. Abubakar also points out that the "hermit" is blatantly trying to garner as much support for his "religion" as possible, by saying that his oddly named "god" is a manifestation of all gods, meaning that he cannot appeal to converts on the basis of the religion's merits, but just an appeal to people worshiping whatever gods they please without having to change their ideology, allowing Olofi to profit from as many "useful idiots" as possible. Dari Abubakar suggests to the King of Buha that the hermit be captured and tried as an impostor and willful abuse of the power of religion at once. Back in Benin, the 3000 Buha warriors are welcomed to the empire and their training is scheduled at once by the commanders of the Imperial Guard. The Buha warriors will be trained in how to use heavy armor and gunpowder weapons, as well as advanced combat maneuvers to enhance their combat capabilities on the battlefield. The oluko sponsors the construction of several vaults across the empire to store all manners of information for posterity, seeking to ensure that the scientific discoveries of Benin will always remain for future generations to draw upon. Upon the works included in the vaults are the original copies of the Iwe ti Iwo, Complete Record of the Great Edo Nation, and Nature of the The Celestial Bodies, all of which are deemed great works by the Oba and his subordinates. The location of these vaults are preserved by the oluko and access only given upon direct permission from the Oba or Dari Council. The number of printing presses in Benin increases to seventy, as more and more cities see the value of the printed word and the ability to increase the amount of information accessible to Benin's middle-class. Because of the printing press and its ability to print large numbers of books in a short period of time, the educational system in Benin is completely revolutionized, as books become more affordable and more children from the lower classes of society are able to afford the costs of going to school. Likewise, hospitals are also effected greatly, as medical books are more readily available in the empire, allowing the training of new doctors and nurses to increase, as well as save more lives as vital information becomes more accessible to the clergy members working with medicine.
 * Cologne: This year, revenue continues to increase from printing press royalties and increasingly successful trade. The Archbishop begins to enjoy the functions of the printing press, using it to start to proliferate pearls of wisdom from Adelphina on brochures/pamphlets throughout the country. He sends Vicar General Wikbold II on a tour of every church in Cologne this year, heading to Westphalen next year, to personally ensure that every church has a Latin and German Bible at the very least, and in the process brings another copy of each to every little town. The more educated of these towns are thus able to learn about religion themselves, and many become inspired to live a devout life as a result. In other news, the roads within Cologne are improved further, and lesser nobles begin to train as knights in Westphalen. Cologne in this respect begins to establish a small militia. Meanwhile, Archbishop Dietrich II SECRETLY thanks Brandenburg for the alliance and agreeing to the requests that it proposed, and confirms that it will vote for Brandenburg at the next election in return. As for the support against Bohemia, being in violation of the Treaty of Prague, Dietrich II of Cologne is very aware of the past struggles Bohemia and Brandenburg have had, in the War of the Lions among other things, and in return asks for time to speak to Bohemia about this situation, as Bohemia has long been Cologne’s ally and Cologne would not do well to suddenly betray Bohemia. It would be very un-Christian of the Archbishop to make such a move.
 * Essen: Abbess Sophia wholeheartedly thanks Poland and Brandenburg for their texts and they are added with reverence to the growing University of Essen, which gains even more academics this year. Meanwhile, the Abbess sends a request to Trier, Nassau and Munster [MOD RESPONSE, PLEASE; SKYBOI YOU'RE MY ONLY HOPE!] to implement Adelphinian Reforms like many of its neighbouring states, starting with the introduction of a Court of Discipline, as mandated by the Concord of Luxembourg. In return, Essen offers a trade deal with them to strengthen ties in the region.
 * Papal States: Habemus papam! Cortez from Castile has been elected pope late in the year, taking the name Callixtus IV, in honour of his predecessor. He is relatively young, and the Curia is hoping for a long pontificate.
 * In Austria, Archduke Albert focuses on recovering his nation from the slight warfare done in Wurttemberg. Meanwhile, Ferdinand has his first real test as a Ruler as he attempts to incorporate Wurttemberg into the holdings of Further Austria. Naming the City the capital of the County of Habsburg-Wurttemburg, he begins to administer his holdings. A Substancial force of five thousand guardsmen is kept as a police and security force for his realm, while the rest return to mainland Austria. The remaining days are spent converting currencies and standardizing weights throughout the realm, a feat which may take several years.
 * As a show of support for the new conquest. the Archbishop of Salzberg blesses the new conquests with prayers for Austria and the Habsburgs. The Archbishopric continues to work on currency conversion and other related matters.
 * Mayapan: Aztec expansion is heavily but discreetly monitored and preliminary defenses are prepared in case of war. The military is removed from the border, though still kept on alert​. Emperor Atlahua continues a campaign of expansion, though it is focused southward, opening unexplored lands for the nation. Integration of the southern city-states into the League is continued by the High Council. Each new state is expected to supply men to train and serve in the national army. The council seeks to improve commerce and communication between the many settlements of the Yucatan by constructing and maintaining roads between them. Work continues to renovate and update existing buildings, roads and to create plans for future upkeep and renovations.
 * Ethiopia: Zera in a dream sees Mogran as a bustling port city taking in trade from both the ile tributaries. When he wakes up he immediacy diverts funds to expand the city, and it secure his position on the Nile. He also begins to realize the trade that can come from him sending ships north on the main Nile. Zera ask the Egyptians if he may sail ships up the Nile for trade purposes (Mod response.) With the prosperity of the nation still expanding slowly the fate of Zera also expands, inviting not only Ethiopians, but fellow Africans. While on that note, Zera asks if the Ruler of Benin has any available young daughters for Zera's four-year-old son Baeda.
 * In Italy, King Niccolò Maria continues to oversee the integration of Modena, Ferrara, Padua, and Mantua into the Kingdom proper. Education reforms continue to gain in popularity as more and more young children are educated in the newly standardized Italian tongue. This has the added bonus of additional literature being written in the vernacular and understood more universally. We continue to manage our naval empire from the Middle Eastern trading ports to those of Northwestern Europe, earning massive amounts of revenues from trade. Additionally, workshops and industry continue to pick up in Italian cities, with art making up the third tier of the economy. A young innovator by the name of Carlo Ricciardelli begins experimenting with a more efficient method to produce iron, using larger forges and his knowledge of natural philosophy.
 * In Naples, Queen Mary Anjou continues to see a transition from a feudal nation to a more centralized nation, based on Italy as a model. The free city reform is seen as revolutionary, but sees incomes rise drastically in these locales. This leads to an increase in urbanization, and the Queen decides to focus heavily upon sanitation, drawing upon Barcelona as an examplar. The Italian and Neapolitan settlements in Epirus and the Morea continue, with the standardized Italian being taught to the commoners overseas as well as those domestically. In Croia, Thopia gains royal assent to go to war with Dukagjini in the coming years.


 * A week of mourning begins in Aragon following the sudden deaths of both the King and the Crown Princess. To ensure the continuation of our plans of unification with Castile, the new Queen of Aragon, Eleanor, marries Crown Prince Sancho of Castile in preparation for their coming joint leadership of the United Kingdom. Eleanor, a young woman equally as intelligent as her sister, begins studiously reading through her sister's notes and texts from her days as a student, and prepares herself for the Crown. However, with no teacher to help her, she prays to God that her choices and decisions as the Queen will be the right ones. Meanwhile, the new Queen, terrified of dying in childbirth, decides that for the time being, she will not have children. She spends her first months as Queen travelling around the territories of her domain, getting to know her people are their grievances.

1452
The persecution of Olofi's religion in Buganda gains followers from among the common people, who hide the hermit in safety.

''' The Runorqo come under attack as several mountain tribes in the region rebel against Runorqo hegemony of the region. '''

We don't object to the event, just a notice that we changed our name to Runorqo Empire  -Nova

Got it.

''' A strange phenomenon occurs in Oslo, where it rained blood from the sky for three days. '''

''' A group of occultists in Burgundy compile a book of divinations and begin seeking a printer to copy their book. '''

'''From now on, don't say "a mod told me". That's vague and suspicious. State which mod it was. -Scraw'''
 * Ngarringjeri Confederacy: The tribe continues to increase their agriculture, migrating with the birds and fish they hunt while the taro and yams grow during the year. The neighboring tribal states in the Adeleid valley are traded with for these foods, mostly in exchange for the precious red ochre. Among the newly-acquired arts in hunting, the tribe adopted some young dingos, and began raising them as their own.
 * Duchy of Brunswick-Luenburg: Duke Frederick of the House of Welf currently sits on the throne of the Duchy of Brunswick-Luenburg. The Duke begins to create fortifications in the city of Hanover, close to the Duchy's southern border. The Duke declares that he and his duchy are willing to support their North German brothers in Brandenburg-Luxembourg in any impending war within the HRE. As a result of this possible fighting, Frederick also begins to levy his southern forces. Small towns within the Duchy begin mining for iron and salt for purposes of self-sufficiency and small-time trade. Brunswick traders work with those in Bremen to trade through ports within the Hanseatic League.
 * The Duke moves many of his levys and raises an additional 3000 troops for a total of 4000 to invade Bohemia from the North.
 * Kingdom of Ireland: We begin constructing a Royal Palace to be finished in 1453. We begin expanding the road network across the rest of the country, though due to the new conquered territories, completion is estimated to be in 1457]We continue to expand our education system as we build more schools across the country. We have finished the print shop in Cork and now begin producing books, broadsheets, and printing presses. We begin equipping the Library of Cork and the Cork University with printing presses to store important knowledge and encourage literacy.With English help, we expand our shipbuilding facilities and begin building a modern navy. We begin to centralise power with the king beginning to be able to wield more power and are considering to begin moving away from feudalism to a more efficient system. We build fortifications in our lands as well as beginning to expand pre-existing towns and cities. Cork now has a population of 12,000 and is quickly turning into a bustling city. We also gift our conquered lands to nobles, though 50% of them are appointed by the English King. With the new influx of foreigners, we begin to try to assimilate them by teaching them Gaelic and our culture. We begin planning reforms to increase our economy. We begin to develop the economy be building mines across the country, as well as encouraging cottage industries. We give money to many of the lords to develop their lands. We offer to help settle Scottish deportees from Scotland for England.(English Mod response required) Military and infrastructure increased. Due to recent events in the Kalmar Union, we declare the selling of thralls illegal and attempt to abolish the thrall trade in Ireland within 1455.
 * Duchy of Thuringen: The city guard continues to defend the capital city of Erfurt. Our military grows by adding more recruits each year. We continue to trade again with our neighboring states. Farming goes well in our nation this year. The healthy population continues to increase by 3% each year. Karsten's improvement in the training area finishes this year when his parents die. Our economy continues to try to rebuild itself from the collapse of 1439. We continue to invest in Ekkehard's printing press, thinking it will help boost our economy of our nation back to what it used to be in 1438 before the collapse. We declare war on Bohemia and send 8,000 troops at Bohemia.
 * Ahom Kingdom: With the Ahom victory in the Third Ahom-Koch War, the Ahom demand 1/2 of Koch's current land for peace. (MOD RESPONSE, PLEASE)
 * Koch surrenders this land. -Scraw
 * Brandenburg-Luxembourg: With Burgundy successful in the defence against the emperor and marching east, Heinrich decides it is time to carry out the invasion of Bohemia launching a full scale invasion with the bulk of Bohemia's forces routed in the west. 20,000 troops launch an invasion of Silesia with the intent to break Bohemia's power. Under the leadership of Heinrich and his close advisors the forces are focused mainly on taking Breslau, The reformed army engages the remains of the Bohemian forces using the new tactics established over the past decade. The higher usage of cannons and hand cannons proves a useful scare tactic while mass volleys of crossbows prove devastating in the initial attacks. The light calvalry is used to out menuver Bohemian forces and to attack before falling back behind pike formations and volleys of arrows and cannon fire. Production of Firearms in Luxembourg continues to grow and gun smithies continue to play with the designs. Following the stunning and overwhelming victory at Cottbus and the subsequent occupation of Sorbia Heinrich gives the order to march on Breslau. Heinrich however offers the King of Bohemia a chance to avoid a complete disaster for his nation and offers him the chance to surrender to the Red Lion Alliance.
 * Runorqo Empire: The Emperor is shocked at the attack from these southern tribes, and orders 15 Celder Units south in the latest arms are sent south, where they confront the tribes in battle, in which the obvious superiority of the Runorqo arms and and tactics absolutely crushes the rebels, taking down nearly 2 Celder units in the battle before being suppressed. The survivors are slaughtered and the Emperor uses this as an excuse to create 100 new Celder units. With so many new positions, it is decided that the Celder Units should need to report to someone between the Emperor and themselves, and a new unit is created, with 10 new positions created known as Generals. Each General will have 10 Celder units reporting to him, with each unit the General leads being called a Divise, which will hold 10 Celder units. Research continues on improving military and naval technology, and work begins on repairing the damage done by the southern rebels. Fear through the royal advisors begins, but the Emperor holds them steady, stating "if the Empire were to rise in revolt, it would have done so with this opportunity". Imperial barracks are created across the country, in order to keep the people from being burdened with housing and feeding the military as well as lessen the strain on the people. Crop growth begins to be expanded across the Empire in order to stockpile food, and it is predicted to triple the supply of food within the next 2 years, allowing the country to prepare for times of famine should it occur. A wall begins construction on the northern border in order to more effectively administrate how the border regions.
 * Korea, prompted by Japanese aggression, continues the improvement of its navy. Obsolete or worn out ships are retired from service, and the salvaged parts used to build newer ships. Most built ships are bigeodeo and gwaseon, though a few junks are built. The production of cannons and gunpowder weapons continue, and arsenals in coastal settlements are upgraded to fit a higher capacity of weapons. Patrols are done in neighbouring waters, to consolidate naval presence and to monitor what comes in and out of the area. With Seotaeman now a full-fledged colony, there is more efforts to expand it. A hundred settlers and needed materials are shipped to the colony, which is comprised of not only Koreans, but aborigines who choose to assimilate into the settlement. Seotaeman becomes increasingly self-sufficient, as the surrounding cultivatable land is cultivated to reduce the dependence on food imports. Seotaeman is fortified, and expands 100 px. The Haesi colonies are separated, the Sakhalin part being Haesi-buk, while the Hokkaido part being Haesi-nam. Haesi-nam is expanded by 50 px. The Jilin province in Northeast Manchuria expands vigorously, expanding by 150 px. A thousand settlers from the nearby Hamgyeong and Ryojeo provinces arrive, assimilating local inhabitants and displacing those who resist assimilation. Mahayana Buddhism under the Yi sect, which fuses Confucian doctrines and Muist rites, becomes increasingly ingrained into Korean culture. Korea continues to experience increasing affluence under a meritocratic bureaucracy. Yi Do continues the encouragement of mercantile activities and commerce. Wealthy yangban patronize the arts and literature. Buildings are upscaled in beauty and sophistication to reflect Korea's growing affluence, while more people, especially those in the yangban, chung-in, and sang-in castes, choose partake in education. Korea sends a batch of tribute to the Ming.


 * Swahili: The nation's income continues to grow, both from increased tariffs and from the Royal Trade Fleet. Our manufacturers expand and make more money. We expand southward to connect our realm. 10,000 local tribesman and foreign settlers became citizens of our nation last year due to our policies of land reclamation and immigration attraction. We build cannons for our ships, just five each for our 20 largest ships. We continue to train our army. We continue spreading the silver dinar in our lands, now backed by Mtwara Gold. We begin to build more ships, as 50 ships are ordered in port towns. We ask Sofala for a Royal Marriage, and a unification of the crowns for the heir from the marriage (MOD RESPONSE, PLEASE, JOSH) . 
 * Buha Dilomacy to Swahili: We ask that you cooperate with us to stop this Hermit, as no matter what he says, once he overthrows us, he likely will aim to overthrow you. If you cooperate with us, we will personally invite your royal family to a party to encourage East African unity.


 * Buha: If anyone catches this imposter, we will personally reward you with many riches, many exotic gifts from Benin. Martial law has been declared, and will end as soon as the Hermit is caught. We believe that this Hermit is seeking to overthrow the Emperor, and using his "religion" in order to from a nation. We continue with deforestation, we build farms to help with our new agriculture industry.
 * King Olaf of Sweden: My children, Adele and Nils begin being more active and I hail my son as Jarl of Småland. Magnus shows inclination as an artist and Kristina is a sweet bundle of joy. Seeing Queen Emma irresponsible in her son's caretaking, I am taking tutelage over little Eric, and devote as many hours of my time to him. He seems happy around me, Isabella and the children. He sees me as his loving uncle, and we speak a lot in Swedish, Danish and Latin. I have continued instructing him in state affairs. Alas, he is very dependent on me and has his attacks of visions, which leaves me questioning if he may ot be possessed. I continue a policy of expanding eastward in Finland, to reach the Russian border. I support Declan O' Connor's venture to kill pagans in Finland and fund him. In order to cheer Demetrius up, I go to his castle and drink some beer with him. This doesn't cheer him up, though. I reaffirm my alliance with Brandenburg and secretly agree to their plan. We ask the pope to remove Blekinge from the Archbishopric of Lund and add it to the Archbishopric of Uppsala, in light of the current changes. Settlers found a settlement called Olafstad on a lake now called Olafkonung (OTL Oulujärvi Lake). Nils and Bengt Oxenstierna die in a matter of two months apart, and I am glad to hear that my cousin Eric has been elected Duke of Gotland. As such, Gotland formally fully applies the Olafinian Reforms and becomes a Swedish vassal. I appoint Kettil Vasa, my cousin, and the Archbishop of Uppsala as High Chancellor and await his decision on the other free spot of the council. The blood rain of Oslo is declared a sign of the unlawfulness of Christian thralldom.
 * Papal Diplomacy: His Holiness agrees to the changes.
 * Mayapan: Aztec expansion is heavily but discreetly monitored and preliminary defenses are prepared in case of war.Emperor Atlahua continues a campaign of expansion, though it is focused southward, opening unexplored lands for the nation. Integration of the southern city-states into the League is continued by the High Council. Each new state is expected to supply men to train and serve in the national army. The council seeks to improve commerce and communication between the many settlements of the Yucatan by constructing and maintaining roads between them. Work continues to renovate and update existing buildings, roads and to create plans for future upkeep and renovations.
 * Kingdom of England and Scotland: With the calming of fighting in Scotland we send another 3000 people north into the Lowlands of Scotland around a Royal Castle while pulling 3000 people to England where they are given payment in addition to land. The nobles are reminded they are responsible for their peasants. More money continues to flow north into construction of the Royal Castles although all English troops are brought home and demobilised. Meanwhile, the government gets its ship construction back on track with more work on the docks at Portsmouth being capable of constructing warships.
 * Majapahit Empire: As the Empire awaits for the Bahmanids' next move, an additional 50 ships, and 55,000 additional troops are sent to Pegu, while Wuwamba Yuda officially orders the annexation of the Celebes and Borneo, while integration of the Maluke Islands continues. Infrastructure construction continues, while Kesuburan reaches 1500 inhabitants, expanding the territory to the southeast of our initial settlement (OOC: the settlement is in Northwestern Papua) by at least four pixels. Meanwhile, over the course of the year, Wiwamba Yuda secretly requests that the Khmer Empire join the war against the Bahmanids in the event further confrontation begins (MODERATOR RESPONSE), while sending a letter to request negotiations to Sultan Ismail Shah in Malacca, where the terms to cease hostilities will be drawn up.
 * Khmer Empire joins the war for Majapahit -Nate


 * Papal States: The Holy Father grows concerned about the rise of occultist and other pagan practices which are having a resurgence in Europe. He writes a bull, Contra Occultism which highlights the errors of these practices, and commands the Dominicans and other well-known preachers to oppose the practices using sound logic and reason so that only the most obstinate could choose to continue in the practices. In other news, the pope, hailing as he does from Castile, hears for the first time about the so-called "Adelphinian Reforms" spreading through Northern and Central Europe. He summons the Archbishop of Cologne and the Abbess of Essen to Rome to give a report on these so-called "Reforms". Whilst he is personally frightened by the idea of 'reforms', which sounds distinctly schismatic, he is told that the reforms have been very popular and helped end the Hussite Revolt, so is willing to listen to its proponents.


 * Cologne: Archbishop Dietrich II of Cologne continues to print Adelphinian wisdom on pamphlets and distribute them throughout the country. Vicar General Wikbold II continues into Westphalen to check Bibles. Further, Cologne continues to establish a small militia. Finally, the archbishop congratulates His New Holiness Callixtus IV on his election and sends Ekkehard Stelzner’s offer on from 1449: to show his gratitude for the pope’s support of his invention and making him a Papal Count, he offers to send his younger son, Wilhelm Stelzner, to personally cater to His Holiness’s printing needs.
 * Essen: Abbess Sophia continues to wait for Trier, Nassau and Munster [SKYBOI, YOU’RE MY ONLY HOPE!] to respond to the offer of 1452.
 * Poland-Lithuania: We invade Bohemia in support of our ally Brandenburg with 57.750 troops. King Wladyslaw III focuses on consolidating the interior of the nation. Roman and Stephen, sons of the King's vassal Voivode Ilias Musat of Moldavia are in Poland, tutored by the King himself. King Wladyslaw III continues to turn into Crown lands any fiefdoms that reverted to the Crown after their nobles owners died. Some more poor friends of the King are nobilized and given extremely small fiefs along with an annual wage after vowing to always support the King and the Royal Dynasty, especially in the Sejm. King Wladyslaw III orders to initiate a gradual and peaceful process of resettlement of Kaunas, Vilnius, Trakai and Kernavė with highly motivated Polish settlers. In the economic realm, growing cottage industries begin to develop, such as iron working and wool trading in the burgeoning burghs, and animal husbandry continues to displace grain farming. To keep trade moving, Jews are not persecuted and taxes on goods are lowered, to make smuggling unprofitable. Krakow, Warsaw, Poznan, Bydgoszcz, Lublin, Lwow, Warszawa, Kaunas, Vilnius, Trakai, Kernavė, Kiev, Minsk and Chernigov experience a vast growth and increase in trade, attributed to a combination of lower taxes along with Jew money lending practices being de facto allowed and not persecuted. We begin to spread disconent within the Grand Boyardom of Russia sensing that their collapse is inevitable, only trying to speed it up. Many notable scholars as per King's orders, continue to work in the Slavonic language, to fix any grammatical and spelling errors. More books are published on the Slavonic language.
 * Moldavia: We assist the Polish-Lithuanian invasion of Bohemia with 4.250 troops. Voivode Ilias Musat focuses on consolidating the interior of the nation. In the economic realm, growing cottage industries begin to develop, such as iron working and wool trading in the burgeoning burghs, and animal husbandry continues to displace grain farming. To keep trade moving, Jews are not persecuted and taxes on goods are lowered, to make smuggling unprofitable. Suczawa experiences a vast growth and increase in trade, attributed to a combination of lower taxes along with Jew money lending practices being de facto allowed and not persecuted. A series of garrison forts are maintained along the border of the Ottoman Empire, the largest of the forts is Fort Jagiello, and being quarter walled with duct trenches and heavy palisades defending the reinforced stone that lay behind it. Fort Jagiello being a focal point to the Polish efforts to stop any Ottoman initiatives for expansion into the Polish realm as well as serving to honor and fulfill the 50 year NAP with the Ottoman Empire.
 * Austrian: Archduke Albert, Seeing his chance to regain power that they would have lost during the unfair partitions into imperial circles, which would give outside nations a say in austrian affairs, Albert calls the banners, bringing twenty thousand men to arms, and launches an invasion of bohemia. It was not enough that the emperor refused to grant Austria an Electorate, It was not enough that the Emperor allowed Milan, now Italy, to gain aquileia, a part of the ancient duchy of Carinthia. Now they had put Austria in an imperial circle with Italy having a voice. Austria does not even have a majority vote, the others given to Bohemia and Italy, even within its own circle, while the others dominate in their home circles. No, such unfairnesses and attempts to reduce Austrian power and influence cannot last for long. Once a man has spit in the face of an alliance, it takes years and  years to mend it. The Austrian troops march north into bohemia, while many more stay in Austria and are stationed at the southern border. If the Italians wish to attack, they will have the mountains, and their attrition, to contend with (I had simple requests, blocky, and you managed to screw up on both of them).
 * Count of Habsburg-Wurttemberg Ferdinand does not join his father's war. Not right away, as he still has to incorporate his own new conquests. He appoints Ludvig, former count of Wurttemberg, as "Baron Primus", making him a magistrate in his old realm. the man quickly commits suicide, leaving the title to his young son Eberhart, seven years of age and perfect for moulding into a loyal subject through indoctrination. The events are so convenient to Ferdinand, that some suspect that Ludvig's death by jumping out of a window in a tower may not be suicide after all, but nobody will ever know ... Ferdinand, in the meantime, continues to incorporate many Austrian administrative principles into Wurttemberg, including standardizing the weights, measures, and currency with the Archduchy.
 * The Archbishop of Salzburg dies this year. His replacement, Berthold, is much more loyal to Austria, swearing fealty in "temporal matters" to his overlord, Albert V & II of Austria. One of his first actions, in addition to continuing the Austrification of Salzburg, is blessing the war against Bohemia, giving the troops a small boost in morale.
 * I'd like to say, what requests? I never received any requests. You also seem to fail to understand the simple concept of imperial circles. The whole reason for your involvement is a fallacy. - Blocky
 * Kingdom of France: Turn coming soon.


 * The Queen of Aragon, Eleanor I, returns to Barcelona after a half-year-long tour of her territories. She immediately begins work on what she calls the Eleanorian Manifesto, which she says will dictate her immediate future policy. Eleanor and Sancho have moved in together in the New Royal Palace in Barcelona, and it appears the two are getting along very well, which comes as a relief to the nobles of the court. Eleanor has proven herself to be a strong-willed, independent woman, requiring minimal assistance from her husband. We offer the hand of Princess Isabella to Prince Jacob Crispo of Naxos.
 * The Kingdom of Greece: The Grand Duke of Thessaloniki Jacob Crispo accepts the hand of Princess Isabella in marriage.
 * Ethiopia: Zera wants to seek more education for his people, so he commissions a college for the smartest pupils in church. He also presses families to allow their children to go the church schools offered in the mornings. Ships are being built to transverse the main nile so our trade can reach more nations and enrich the Empire. Not only do we help to increase Nile trade, but also Red Sea trade so shipyard is being built in Adulis for the reason to produce ships for trade and protection.
 * Bahmanids: Ismail Shah responds to Wuwamba Yuda with one sentence: "There's more than one way to Pegu." 180,000 men, plus Dehlavi, Bengali, and Swahili troops, march to Pegu and prepare to send the Majapahitis packing. The sultan regrets not being able to send the war elephant corps over the distance, but knows that his army will prevail where his navy didn't. The Bahmanid fleet is ordered to stay in port, the Sultan quipping, "Let their fleet catch as many fish as they please."
 * Addendum: With the Overland campaign being a smashing success, Ismail suggests some 'adjustments' to the Treaty of Malacca. (Please see the relevant page.)
 * I'm making the executive decision to retcon the new front until Scraw or someone else can explain to me how this coalition of five (yes, five) major Muslim states in the Indian Ocean to defend a Buddhist state it has no connection to is plausible. -Nate
 * Portugal: Naval expansion and exploration continues. Walls of Lisbon and Evora expand.
 * The First Royal Election occurs in the Kingdom of Greece according to the new Hellenic Reforms. The election ends with four votes for Francesco Visconti, four votes for Prince Jacob of Naxos, and five votes for Prince Henry the Navigator, making Prince Henry the First King of the Hellenes. Prince Jacob is made Grand Duke of Thessaloniki and Francesco Visconti is made Grand Duke of Skopje. Grand Duke Jacob accepts the marriage proposal of Princess Isabella of Aragon. Seeing an opportunity with the Bohemian War, King Henry declares war on Bohemia and attacks its vassal, Serbia, with the maximum amount of troops, joining the Branderburger-Polish Coalition. King Henry also begins to update the Hellenic Navy, planning to add ten ships by the next year. He also plans a census to occur the next year.
 * I don't think Greece would plausibly be able to invade Bohemia, because you know, they liberated you like 9 years earlier?
 * In the Kingdom of Italy, the integration of the four minor duchies continues under the reign of King Niccolò Maria Visconti. Matteo Visconti, heir to both Italian and Neapolitan crowns, begins to further his education as a well-rounded young man of 16 years, spending time between the condotierres of Italy, the mercantilists of Florence, and the statesmen of Milan. Carlo Ricciardelli, having discovered a way to temper iron to greater-than-usual strength, approaches the King of Italy for financial backing, which is granted, He immerses himself in the studies of natural philosophy to aid in his quest for a better iron-making process. Meanwhile, other artisans gain patronage and the rebirth of culture that began about a century prior continues. The King also, seeing the weakness of Austria during a northern war, declares war on the self-proclaimed Archduchy and defeats the Austrian forces at Trieste after invading through Istria.
 * In the Kingdom of Naples, the transition from feudalism to the "Italian model" continues. Mary Anjou is universally seen as a wonderful reformer and a well-liked leader so many are willing to adopt the new Italian tongue, which has some Neapolitan influence, but the vernacular remains in common usage for day-to-day interactions. The Italian and Neapolitan settlements in Epirus and the Morea continue, with the standardized Italian being taught to the commoners overseas as well as those domestically. In Croia, Thopia prepares to make war against Dukagjini, training his men and waiting for the Queen to give her approval.

1453
More sects appear within the Kuzir religion across Africa, while groups centralize more to the Traditionalist sect of Olofi.

Due to decreasing global temperatures and climate situation, large scale famines appear across the Americas, affecting the confederacies in North America, Mayapan, Azteca, and Runorqo.

Several states forced to vassalize to Bohemia in the past now see the instability of the region their chance to denounce the Emperor, although no hostility is taken at this time.

Sejong the Great literally dies of dysentery on the seat of a toilet, surrounded by his family.

 Attention to mods:  '''The mod regions have been updated to better accomodate active vs inactive mods. PLEASE remember to be diligent to your region and always update on both events and responses. Starting next week, a lottery system will switch around the mod regions randomly.'''

Attention players within my region (currently the Americas): If you need a response from me, please don't post in red text, all caps, or any of that nonsesne, Just put (Daddy Respond Please) at the end of your turns.


 * Duchy of Burgundy: with victory achieved against Bohemia, and Prague occupied, Burgundy and the rest of the Red Lion Alliance (Brandenburg and Poland confirmed) March south to intervene in the Italian invasion of Austria.


 * The Gurkani Sultanate:  Sultan Zeeshan Beg Mirza continued his rule over the Sultanate, with Al Mansur An Nasir as the Caliph. The Gurkani population rose to about 26.5 million with the people flocking to cities like Herat, Isfahan, Gamrun, Qazvin, Bukhara, Tabriz and Iskenderun; primarily due to their strategic position in the spice trade. In regards to religion, the Sultanate promoted Shia Islam, and advocated conversion to the Zaidi sect from other Islamic sects, often engaging in forced conversions. The military was primarily composed of medium-to-heavy cavalry, composite bow, lance, mace, and sword. Heavy cavalrymen wore plated chain mail or metal lamellar armor, with their horses also wearing leather or metal lamellar barding. The infantry was equipped with daggers and swords to be utilised in close combat against the enemy and elephants as well as carts were used for the transportation of supplies. Cannons were constructed to serve as siege weaponry whilst hand cannons and rocket launchers were developed as gunpowder became increasingly popular. Naval bases were established at Iskenderun, Trabzon and Gamrun to establish the presence of the Gurkani fleet in the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea and the Persian Gulf respectively, keen on controlling any piracy. The Gurkani Navy developed galleys and carracks to augment the smaller patrol fleets. Agriculture and commerce were at the Sultanate's forepoint, with wheat, rice and barley being amongst the largest produced crops. To prevent the Sultanate from ever getting hit by a major famine, the individual Amirs also engaged in the storage of food supplies, which would be utilized in case of famine or otherwise exported. Fishery was promoted as well as it helped in sustaining the fishery villages that were present along the coast, as well as the major port cities of Iskenderun, Basra, Gamrun, Kerch and Trabzon. Importance was also given on the development of proper roads for the merchants utilizing the trade routes through the Sultanate, with all caravans being armed and protected with a small detachment of guards. Meanwhile, the construction of educational madrassahs continued throughout the Empire, with the sultan keen on spreading education and knowledge amongst the populace of the Sultanate. The Sultan sought to replicate the Islamic Golden Age that existed during the period of the Abbasids prior to the Mongol Invasion, and accordingly funded the teaching of Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, with Algebra, Geometry, Astronomy, Anatomy and Medicine being of prime importance. The  lingua franca  promoted throughout the Sultanate was also Persian, primarily due to the fact that Persian had existed as the language spoken by communities in the region for centuries and as such served as an excellent language for communication. The Sultanate continued to expand its territories into the Caucasus and the Persian Gulf islands . Along the same time, work continued on the construction of a fortified crossing connecting both sides of the Kerch Straits with roughly half of the work having been completed.


 * ​ Khedivate of Trabzon: Amir Julius Megas Komnenos continued his reign over the city of Trabzon, with Julia Komnenos acting as the Regent. Acting as a vassal to the Gurkani Sultanate, he would only be answerable to the Gurkani Amir. The military and the navy were developed along the same lines as their Gurkani counterparts, with a major naval base constructed at the city of Trabzon, where the Trabzon fleet was also situated. Trabzoni authorities continue to work on the construction of a fleet at Trabzon, working side by side with Castilian authorities. The Trabzon Amir, Julius Komnenos would continue to develop the trade route leading from his Black Sea port of Trabzon, connecting it to the city of Tabriz, hoping to make the spice trade routes much more advanced and efficient.
 * Ngarrindjeri: The tribes begin to settle more frequently in certain places, where it's easier to establish stable crops. The dingos captured earlier are raised under the tribe's care to be personal pets. Many nations from all directions now poor in to buy the excess food of Adelaide, the demand greatly increases. Small marsupials are also captured and raised with the dingos. Many foods are offered to the Dreaming spirit of the Murray River.
 * The Queen of Aragon in private expresses her disappointment with the outcome of the Greek election, and hopes that the Kingship will in time rotate to Grand Duke Jacob or his successors. Nevertheless, we waste no time in proposing and establishing new trade agreements with Greece, and we ask to open a branch of the Royal Bank in Athens. The Queen announces that court documents will be from now on written in Castilian, which will allow for further integration with the larger Castile. However, publicly released announcements will be printed in both Aragonese and Castilian. The Queen continues work on her Eleanorian Manifesto, which takes elements from her sister's writings and plans.
 * ' Kingdom of Tondo:' Diyang Kalangitan offers to marry Cebu's rajah to tie the Rajahnate and the Kingdom together (mod response) With the recent passing of the beloved monarch, Rajah Gambang, the nation mourns. Diyang Kalangitan assumes the throne, and takes no man to be her husband. Instead, she declares that on the eve of her death, the nobility of Tondo, Ma-I, and Pangasinan shall have an electorate regarding the successor of the united realms of Tondo. Kalangitan further consolidates her poweriscreetely assigning political opponents to far-flung provinces of Tondo or to Tondo's vassals of Ma-I and Pangasinan, or to colonization attempts in Palawan, Busuang and Samar. The government of Tondo can be roughly described as a Federal Monarchy, with each province ruled by a council with members proportionate to the province's population. Diyang Kalangitan invites the Huang of Pangasinan, his daughter and Ma-I's regency council, and officials from every province to draft something akin to an OTL constitution, namely, the Saligang Batas ng Tondo at Nasasakupan Nito (Constitution of the sovereign Kingdom of Tondo and all its holdings and possessions). As Maynila is one of the richest cities in South East Asia, it is now high-time to create a lasting legacy for it. A series of bridges and canals connecting the Pasig and Tagik (OTL Taguig) Rivers and all their tributaries to provide acquatic transportation, ease movement of goods, and simply build bridges above the waterways to ease the transportation of people in the Greater Tondo Province (OTL Metro Manila). To prevent problems of income inequality and unequal development, selected families in the capital are given incentives of food and gold to relocate to developing towns and cities in Cavite, Romblon and Samar. A road network has already connected Tondo Province to Cavite, and a series of roads from southeastern and southern Luzon to Pangasinan has already began construction. Tondo metallurgical capabilities increase as blast furnaces and ironforges are built all around the state. The port of Maynila is further expanded, with the navy increasing by 25 small ships and seven war junks. Trade with nearby states continue. Tondo continues expansion in Samae, Palawan and Busuanga. 2000 additional soldiers are trained. Kalangitan orders 400 ships to move to patrol the Visayas archipelago, mainly  to protect the trade routes, and secretly to intimidate Cebu. Expansion into Palawan, Negros and Samar continues.
 * Huangdom of Ma-I: With Tondo's grace, Ma-I settles the western part of Busuanga Island, and dedicates 100 citizens there. Li Han thrives as a cultural and financial capital of Ma-I, while Beigang immediately becomes the second port of Tondo, and conducts trade regularly with nearby nations.
 * Huangdom of Pangasinan: With Tondo's grace, Pangasinan expands into Central and Northern Luzon, attempting to assimilate the mountain and Igorot tribes located nearby to access the massive agricultural treasure in the Banaue Rice Terraces and the farmlands of Central Luzon. The administrative capital city, Pangasinan, begins construction of a road connecting it to Maynila. Blast furnace construction continues, and a small defense fleet of 15 ships is allotted by Tondo to Pangasinan. Pangasinense traders report sightings of small islands west of Luzon, and scouts are sent by Pangasinan to verify their claims. Pangasinan claims these islands west of Mainland Luzon, now named as the Gambang Islands in honor of Rajah Gambang  (OTL Scarborough Shoal)
 * The Rajah of Cebu offers his nephew in marriage instead. -Nate
 * Brandenburg-Luxembourg: Capitalizing on the resounding victories from the previous year Heinrich from his position in Sorbia launches the Invasion of Silesia, but also sends another delegation asking the Emperor to surrender and come to Negotiations. Heinrich coincides all campaigns with the Burgundian allies. The young Otto's military education formally begins. The focus on military training soon becomes one that he enjoy and the boy starts idolizing his father who is fighting in a major war just south of the border, the young Otto starts committing to war games with the young nobles and servants of the house playing in lifesize war games that lead to the amusement of the household. His education also continues under the guidance of von Havel. Under Havel's influence Otto embraces a very open view toward religion and toward philosophy. emphasis on production of metal works, and other artisanal goods continues as the guilds grow throughout the Elector's domains. Local banking cooperatives grow in importance particularly the cooperatives of Luxembourg and Stettin which are major trading cities, their support for local enterprises led to a massive increase of local funds available for usage, further spurring the growth of the middle class in major cities in Brandenburg. Tweaking of the base design of arquebuses continue particularly given the effectiveness of the arms in mixed tactics in the war against Bohemia. The biggest area of planned improvement is in the firing mechanism and in the loading mechanisms, with experiments being made to improve the match device and find an easier way to load the weapon (I'm going for the development of the OTL 1450s-70s matchlock and muzzle load improvements but I won't be done these until around the early 1460s).
 * Duchy of Thuringen: The city guard continues to defend the capital city of Erfurt. Our military grows by adding more recruits each year. We continue to trade again with our neighboring states. Farming goes well in our nation this year. The healthy population continues to increase by 3% each year. Karsten's improvement in the training area finishes this year when his parents die. Our economy continues to try to rebuild itself from the collapse of 1439. We continue to invest in Ekehard's printing press, thinking it will help boost our economy of our nation back to what it used to be in 1438 before the collapse. Our forces crush Bohemia's forces in our invasion of their land. Axel, eldest son of Karsten asks Adolph I of Anhalt if he can marry Magdalena his eldest daughter. [Mod Response Please]
 * Ahom Kingdom. The size of the Ganesha Division is increased by 25 as the training for new elephants is completed. Susenphaa orders the training of 50 more elephants. Training is expected to be completed in 1459. Susenphaa also declares war on Koch to fully annex it.Susenphaa orders further renovations of the kingdom's Four Jewels, Rangpur, Chariadeo, Jorhat, and Garghaon. Road networks are improved and exended, and more schools are built. Also, a census is completed, finding 163,141 people living in the Ahom Kingdom.
 * Papal States: His Holiness calls for an immediate end to the war ravaging the Holy Roman Empire, and even offers to mediate. The Elector-Archbishop of Cologne and the Princess-Abbess of Essen are again summoned to appear in Rome to give a report on their so-called 'Reforms'. He also welcomes the arrival of Wilhelm Eckhard with his printing press, and an excellent shop space is given to him near the Vatican for him to establish himself. As a Roman noble, he is also able to mingle in the highest strata of society, with Callixtus IV himself greeting him on his arrival. Effort is put into strengthening Rome's defences in light of the tensions in Europe.
 * Swedish Diplomacy: We thank the pope and present the Adolphinian Reforms for Archbishop Dietrich II. It is a way to pacify the Hussite inclinations in Northern Europe.
 * Castile swears to defend the Papal States from any violence, and sends the pope 2000 armed men to defend the integrety of the Holy See
 * Cologne Diplomacy: Archbishop Dietrich II of Cologne, who is now very frail and old, travels with the young Abbess Sophia of Essen to Rome, apologising profusely for this delay caused by his poor health as soon as he arrives at the Vatican. Dietrich II and Sophia are honoured to show His Holiness the reforms that have become so essential to the lives of all people in their respective nations over the past fifty three years. They bring Callixtus IV a copy of the Book of Adelphinian Reforms and run him through everything that has changed, and the fact that this has closed the divide between the people and the Church, and – they believe – put a halt to any possible deviance from the Church or loss of any territory in states like Cologne and Essen in the Holy Roman Empire. Satisfaction with the government has increased amongst the people, through reducing corruption and increasing the emphasis on leading a devout life and helping those less fortunate, but the Adelphinian Reforms do not give in to the ways of infidels. As an example, Dietrich II and Sophia cite the Concord of Luxembourg, which was endorsed by Pope John XIII, and which has led to a very cooperative relationship between Catholics and ex-Hussites, and ensured that there has been very minimal unnecessary bloodshed. Finally, Dietrich II and Sophia make it clear that they value any and all of His Holiness’s concerns about the Reforms but that they think the Reforms are in the best interests of Catholics worldwide. While His Holiness looks at the Book of Adelphinian Reforms, Abbess Sophia outlines the particulars of the Reform: first, the Adelphinian Reforms encourage an adherence to a meagre life for all devout people, which involves the construction of various infirmaries and schools; and secondly, they require the building of a Court of Discipline to address issues of priests breaking their vows to ensure integrity in the Church, and to address further issues of corruption like the selling of indulgences for money. These are the two major limbs of the Adelphinian Reforms, but Abbess Sophia acknowledges that they have over time come to encompass working toward universal poverty of individual clergy members, in accordance with the Concord of Luxembourg, and the accessibility of religious texts like the German Catholic Bible from Essen, which is of course facilitated by the printing press.
 * King Olaf of Sweden: My children, Adele and Nils begin being more active and I hail my son as Jarl of Småland. Magnus shows inclination as an artist and Kristina is a sweet bundle of joy. Seeing Queen Emma irresponsible in her son's caretaking, I am taking tutelage over little Eric, and devote as many hours of my time to him. He seems happy around me, Isabella and the children. He sees me as his loving uncle, and we speak a lot in Swedish, Danish and Latin. I have continued instructing him in state affairs. Alas, he is very dependent on me and has his attacks of visions, which leaves me questioning if he may ot be possessed. I continue a policy of expanding eastward in Finland, to reach the Russian border. I support Declan O' Connor's venture to kill pagans in Finland and fund him. In order to cheer Demetrius up, I go to his castle and drink some beer with him. This doesn't cheer him up, though. I reaffirm my alliance with Brandenburg and secretly agree to their plan. Settlers found a settlement called Olafstad on a lake now called Olafkonung (OTL Oulujärvi Lake). Kettil Karlsson Vasa appoints Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna, son of the late High Chancellor Bengt Jönsson Oxenstierna, and ambassador of Sweden to the Archbishop of Cologne. He is immediately sent on a diplomatic mission to the Papacy to thank for the changes in territory and to present the Adolphinian Reforms as a way to suppress Hussite sentiment in Northern Europe. 
 * Duke Eric of Visby: Visby is officially given the Olafinian Reforms, and the Gutnish cheer. I set up a merchant board and begin preparing for the Grand Plan. My son Ludwig is cheerful and a good lad, I secretly set assets open for the Brandenburgian cause in the Second War of the Lions, or as it is locally called in Sweden, the Bohemian Rhapsody. 
 * Swahili: The nation's income continues to grow, both from increased tariffs and from the Royal Trade Fleet. Our manufacturers expand and make more money. We expand southward to connect our realm. 10,000 local tribesman and foreign settlers became citizens of our nation last year due to our policies of land reclamation and immigration attraction. We build cannons for our ships, just five each for our 20 largest ships. We continue to train our army. We continue spreading the silver dinar in our lands, now backed by Mtwara Gold. We begin to build more ships, as 50 ships are ordered in port towns. We ask Sofala for a Royal Marriage, and a unification of the crowns for the heir from the marriage MOD RESPONSE PLEASE.
 * ​Sofala agrees to a royal marriage, but their heir is already married to a local noblewoman. Therefore, there can be no unification of the crowns at this moment.
 * Buha: The Olofi Religion will be tolerated now. We continue to work on roads, continue deforestation to build more farms to expand our economy. We ask that the Hermit not try to overthrow the Emperor, and we are still watching the Olofi followers to see anything suspicious.
 * Swahili Diplomacy: We will help Buha to maintain its stability if Buha requests in the future.
 * The Crown of Castile continues its naval expansion, with 300+ ships now making up the Castillian navy. King Henry IV, now 49, begins to show signs of his age, and Sancho begins to take over more of the adminitrative Duties from his father. His Father still  overseas the Order of the Red Lion, which continues its mission in Morocco to bring about a Christian nation in the formerly Berber Territory. However, in Galacia, a new Lord of Galicia comes to power, Fernando. Fernando has a reputation as a charismatic leader, and is able to gain many followers. Sancho quickly worries about the militarization of Galicia, and to placate Fernando, he is named the new King of Morocco, replacing the recently deceased Beatriz. The development of the "New Castillian" (Spanish) Languge continues among the higher class. The spread of new technologies, such as gunpowder and the printing press continue. The printing press in particular increases the number of books and essays in circulation, allowing for the easier spread of new ideas and theories about our world, leading to increased innovation and an increase in the number of universities across Castile.
 * Within the Kingdom of Gibraltar,  Alfonso I dies without Heir, and the kingdom falls under the rule of the Crown of Castile directly. The Deporation efforts have left the area mostly depopulated of its former Berber population. The nation has a population of 60,000, mostly Christians and mostly Spaniards.
 * Within the Kingdom of Morocco, Beatriz also dies without heir, and in order to placate the lord of Galicia, Sancho names Fernado of Eca the new King of Morocco. The Nations population stands at 700,000 Berbers and 90,000 Christians.
 * Within the Serene Republic of Liguria, the Spinolia family continues to rule. The nation works to restore its former shipyards and ports,many of which are still heavily damaged from the Rape of Genoa.
 * Within the Duchy of Athens, Antonio and Isabella are wed, given the nation an heir with Trastámara blood. The nations population experiences a steady growth, with 63,000 citizens. Castile continues to improve the quality of life within the Duchy, placating any revolt from the citizens.
 * Iroquois Confederacy: Chief Apenimon sees his starving people and weeps. He is determined to solve this crisis and save his people. He orders for more canoes to be built so more men and women can fish. During the Planting festival, over a thousand people make a pilgrimage to Hanowa to pray for a plentiful season. Due to the heat, many fields have dried up, to combat this, the bulk of agriculture is moved toward major bodies of fresh water. Apenimon also sends an expeditionary team to go north in search of more fertile lands. Our borders are patrolled regularly to ensure our protection in a weakened state.
 * Runorqo Empire: Thanks to the sharp thinking of the Emperor last year, the famine is blunted as farms had been increased enough to save the people in such an event. The Royal Navy, now numbering over 50 ships, is dispatched to the seas daily to catch fish for the people, something that helps as well so that by the end of the year, the population is relatively well fed as mercantile ships join in on the fishing, allowing the Empire to keep its citizens full, and though not as luxurious as the meals had become, the people were capable of being fed enough to avoid any major die offs or population plummets. The Empire continues its expansion to the south at an increased rate looking for more farmland in order to increase the supply for farming, building canals and roads and irrigation systems as they advance. Research on new military tech continues, and the temples are engraved with messages from great priests, making the learning to read and write necessary throughout the Empire. Any extra fish is smoked and put in store houses, though any extra is rare, it does allow for people to work on other duties than scavenging for food.
 * Kingdom of England and Scotland: Another 3000 people are moved into the Scottish lowlands while another 3000 Scottish are moved throughout England and given reasonable accommodations. The Royal Castles keep being improved upon. Money continues to go into the growing education system as more and more people attend the grammar schools learning the trivium and the liberal arts at university. With this expansion a printing press workshop at Oxford and Cambridge are expanding the libraries at both universities.
 * Cologne: Archbishop Dietrich II travels to Rome with Abbess Sophia. In the meantime, Vicar General Wikbold II returns from Westphalen and governs the electorate in his stead. Cologne continues to establish a small militia but does not make any diplomatic moves or declare support for either side in the Second War of Lions.
 * Essen: Prioress Hildegard, in Abbess Sophia’s stead, continues to wait for a response from Trier, Nassau and Munster [MOD RESPONSE, PLEASE] for the offer of 1452. Meanwhile, the painter who witnessed the late Abbess Margarete’s death unveils a magnificent painting of her last moments, emphasizing her holiness, dedication to the people, and devotion to the Adelphinian Reforms.
 * Munster accepts, Nassau considers favorably on the matter, Trier refuses -Nate

 The Majapahiti 'invasion' has been repulsed, but at a terrible cost. Ismail Shah orders that a week of mourning be observed before the victory celebrations begin. (OOC: The terms can be found here) Some foolish nobles recommended a harsher peace, but Ismail Shah responds, "Another war like this will destroy both us and Majapahit." A 7-year program is started to replace the lost ships.'''
 * Portugal: Naval expansion continues. Afonso marries Isabella of Coimbra. Walls of Lisbon and Evora are complete so construction begins on walls of Elvas and Faro.
 * Oman: Omar Bin al Khattab announces, "In the past, we have ruled the seas. Now we must unite Arabia. Allahu Akbar!" The nation works on its industries, and we begin a campaign of expansion of all Arabian land that is not held by the Abbasids. We seek to continue peace with the Abbasids, we ask that we begin diplomatic relations with them. '''(Mod response required).
 * Abbasids accept diplomacy
 * Ottomans: We begin recovering from the war against us. We organize our nation into provinces to act more civilized. 'We ask the Abbasids if they would like to form the Caliphate with us. (Abbasid response needed.)
 * Wallachia: We send aid to help our vassal lords recover from their war.
 * Dulkadir: Nothing of note.
 * The Wichita Confederacy today mourns the loss of High Chief Kinnekasus. He died of severe stress combined with the recent loss of his wife, if anything it was a mercy from the Great Spirit. The Council of Elders elects Kinnekasus's son Kiarsidia as High Chief due to his unit's achievements during the Great Crow War. In his father's honor Kiarsidia handcrafts a war axe by melting the strange northern metal (iron from Vinland acquired from the Iroquois) over obsidian and beading a hickory shaft,he names this axe "Father's Judgment". Due to the Famine, the Council declares all food under control of the state in order to be rationed out, we also begin largescale fishing and irrigation increases tenfold. We are happy to announce the completion of the Great Western Wall. Our Southern Expedition reports nothing of significance besides the discovery of a large island to the southwest (Cuba).
 * Bahmanids: "To victory -- hard fought and well earned."-Martok, from Star Trek: Deep Space Nine
 * In the Kingdom of Italy, we seize the remainders of Trent, South Tyrol, Istria, and Carniola and force Duke Albert to sign the Treaty of Trieste. The army remains on high alert, however, having received information that Burgundy and Brandenburg are preparing an attack upon Italy. Matteo continues his education, and served with valor in the Austro-Italian War. The experimentations of Carlo Ricciardelli continue, with him getting closer and closer to what he calls "the ultimate solution." Arts continue to flourish and the nation is hardly impacted by the war due to its ease.
 * In the Kingdom of Naples, Queen Mary Anjou orders the army to mobilize and prepare for a potential invasion of the Italian peninsula. This gives Naples an opportunity to test how defeudalized it has become, and the Queen is disappointed by setbacks such as unruly nobles. Italian standardization continues, as does the settlement of Morea and Epirus. In Croia, Stefan Thopia is disappointed when he hears that the war is to be delayed, but hurries to take the lead of the Neapolitan army that is being ammassed.

1454
''' A civil war breaks out in Japan, as rival families of Daimyos related to the Shogun now lay claim to the Shogunate. The regions of Kyushu, Shikoku, and Chugoku, led by the Ouchi clan, follow the rebels. '''

''' The new Ming Emperor begins withdrawing support of the Confucian scholars in favour of more multicultural policies, which angers many ministers. The colony of Taiwan is made a tributary '''

The recent occupation of Bohemian land by Thuringian forces dislodges the Czech control over the Holy Roman Empire


 * Duchy of Burgundy: Duke Charles finally returns home with his expeditionary force after the successful war in the east. Although he is very pleased with the outcome of the Bohemian war, Charles wishes more could've been done for his Austrian comrades. But even after the resounding success at the Battle of Laibach, his tired force could carry on no more. The march home was long, with Charles deciding to not push his men too hard after their faithful service. They make one final march through the streets of Brussels before demobilizing. The offer from Brandenburg, to formalize the Red Lion Alliance, is graciously accepted.


 * Ngarrindjeri: With so much demand increasing with trade from every nation, the tribe decides to permanently settle down on good farm land, partly in various different regions. Runners are employed to keep organization between these encampments, ranging from a few hundred to over a thousand each. Salesmen are also instituted to deliver these trade goods to other nations. The dingos captured earlier are now fully raised and employed to hunt down various animals. Medium marsupials are also raised as household pets.


 * With Castile restarting naval expansion, the Queen of Aragon decides that now would be an appropriate time to begin making improvements to the Royal Armada, for it appears to be a shadow of its former self. Research begins immediately on a new naval overhaul, and research into new weapons to arm the new ships is also begun. The great shipyards of Aragon are once again put to work, and 30 new ships are produced this year. Meanwhile, Eleanor I continues work on her Eleanorian Manifesto. In her research, she looks through the old records, and discovers that for some time France was insistent on purchasing the fief of Rousillon. To prevent this from happening again, she orders the recall of the Governor and annexes the territory into the County of Barcelona, which she subsequently raises to a Crown Kingdom, creating the Kingdom of Catalonia. She has the Archbishop of Barcelona crown her as the first Queen of Catalonia. In other news, the Royal Bank of Barcelona continues to slowly expand, and is a lot more careful with its investments to ensure that it does not fail so catastrophically as it did a decade ago, granting loans only to those who can prove that they possess the means to repay them.
 * Duchy of Thuringen: The city guard continues to defend the capital city of Erfurt. Our military grows by adding more recruits each year. We continue to trade again with our neighboring states. Farming goes well in our nation this year. The healthy population continues to increase by 3% each year. Karsten's improvement in the training area finishes this year when his parents die. Our economy continues to try to rebuild itself from the collapse of 1439. We continue to invest in Ekehard's printing press, thinking it will help boost our economy of our nation back to what it used to be in 1438 before the collapse. Ferdinand marries Magdalena of Anhalt. We now occupy Bohemia. We also control the government of the HRE . Our economy is resorted to normal this year.
 * Axel is Medieval Danish not Medieval Upper German, also you don't control the government of the HRE
 * Ming China: The Emperor orders the construction of canals and irrigation systems in order to improve crop output throughout the Empire and help stock up food in the event of future famines.  The military is expanded, and as the Empire awakes from its slumber, the people being crying for the reclamation of old glories, leading the Emperor to being looking for an enemy to attack to satisfy his people. Looking to their historic enemies in Mongolia, the Emperor sees they are weak and an easy target to get his people happy and his prestige high, and he orders an invasion of Mongolia, launching the War of Vengance.
 * Kingdom of Tondo: Diyang Kalangitan, now married to Sugbo of Cebu, formalize their marriage in Mactan, Cebu. As Sugbo's father drowned in a fishing accident, Sugbo is widely seen as Cebu's next monarch due to his uncle being the Rajah, who is currently without wife and without child. At the same time, rumors of the Rajah's infertility circulate around the kingdoms, though no officials have confirmed nor denied   With the recent passing of the beloved monarch, Rajah Gambang, the nation mourns. Diyang Kalangitan assumes the throne, and takes no man to be her husband. Instead, she declares that on the eve of her death, the nobility of Tondo, Ma-I, and Pangasinan shall have an electorate regarding the successor of the united realms of Tondo. Kalangitan further consolidates her poweriscreetely assigning political opponents to far-flung provinces of Tondo or to Tondo's vassals of Ma-I and Pangasinan, or to colonization attempts in Palawan, Busuang and Samar. The government of Tondo can be roughly described as a Federal Monarchy, with each province ruled by a council with members proportionate to the province's population. Diyang Kalangitan invites the Huang of Pangasinan, his daughter and Ma-I's regency council, and officials from every province to draft something akin to an OTL constitution, namely, the Saligang Batas ng Tondo at Nasasakupan Nito (Constitution of the sovereign Kingdom of Tondo and all its holdings and possessions). As Maynila is one of the richest cities in South East Asia, it is now high-time to create a lasting legacy for it. A series of bridges and canals connecting the Pasig and Tagik (OTL Taguig) Rivers and all their tributaries to provide acquatic transportation, ease movement of goods, and simply build bridges above the waterways to ease the transportation of people in the Greater Tondo Province (OTL Metro Manila). To prevent problems of income inequality and unequal development, selected families in the capital are given incentives of food and gold to relocate to developing towns and cities in Cavite, Romblon and Samar. A road network has already connected Tondo Province to Cavite, and a series of roads from southeastern and southern Luzon to Pangasinan has already began construction. Tondo metallurgical capabilities increase as blast furnaces and ironforges are built all around the state. The port of Maynila is further expanded, with the navy increasing by 25 small ships and seven war junks. Trade with nearby states continue. Tondo continues expansion in Samae, Palawan and Busuanga. 2000 additional soldiers are trained. Kalangitan orders 400 ships to move to patrol the Visayas archipelago, mainly  to protect the trade routes, and secretly to intimidate Cebu.  Expansion into Palawan, Negros and Samar continues.
 * Huangdom of Ma-I: With Tondo's grace, Ma-I settles the western part of Busuanga Island, and dedicates 100 citizens there. Li Han thrives as a cultural and financial capital of Ma-I, while Beigang immediately becomes the second port of Tondo, and conducts trade regularly with nearby nations.
 * Huangdom of Pangasinan: With Tondo's grace, Pangasinan expands into Central and Northern Luzon, attempting to assimilate the mountain and Igorot tribes located nearby to access the massive agricultural treasure in the Banaue Rice Terraces and the farmlands of Central Luzon. The administrative capital city, Pangasinan, begins construction of a road connecting it to Maynila. Blast furnace construction continues, and a small defense fleet of 15 ships is allotted by Tondo to Pangasinan. Pangasinense traders report sightings of small islands west of Luzon, and scouts are sent by Pangasinan to verify their claims. Pangasinan claims these islands west of Mainland Luzon, now named as the Gambang Islands in honor of Rajah Gambang  (OTL Scarborough Shoal)
 * Papal States: His Holiness thanks Dietrich and Abbess Sophia for their elucidation of the Adelphinian Reforms, and he leaves the meeting decidedly in favour of them, especially the return of Ecclesiastical discipline through establishing courts. Persuant to this, Callixtus IV meets with the Grand Inquisitor to discuss how the Holy Inquisition can be used to investigate and punish those clerics who choose to disregard their vows. In other news, Callixtus thanks his native Castile for its gift of the troops, who he organises into a Spanish Guard. Eckhard the Younger is sent to Bologna to help the university there build its own press.


 * Swahili: The nation's income continues to grow, both from increased tariffs and from the Royal Trade Fleet. Our manufacturers expand and make more money. We expand southward to connect our realm. 10,000 local tribesman and foreign settlers became citizens of our nation last year due to our policies of land reclamation and immigration attraction. We build cannons for our ships, just five each for our 20 largest ships. We continue to train our army. We continue spreading the silver dinar in our lands, now backed by Mtwara Gold.
 * Mayapan: Aztec expansion is heavily but discreetly monitored and preliminary defenses are prepared in case of war. Emperor Atlahua halts all expansion to deal with the famine. A portion of all harvests are collected and distributed to the areas most affected. Integration of the southern city-states into the League is continued by the High Council. Each new state is expected to supply men to train and serve in the national army. The council seeks to improve commerce and communication between the many settlements of the Yucatan by constructing and maintaining roads between them. Work continues to renovate and update existing buildings, roads and to create plans for future upkeep and renovations.
 * Ahom Kingdom: Following the Ahom victory in the Fourth Ahom-Koch War and the complete annexation of Koch, a massive military parade is held. Susenphaa is made a national hero, and further renovations are conducted in Chariadeo, Rangpur, Garghaon, and Jorhat.
 * Japan: Angered by the disloyalty of Ouchi, the Ashikaga Shogunate and their loyal vassals begin a two-pronged assault on the Ouchi territory, some Samurai being sent to Amago territory, others being sent to directly attack Ouchi. The Shogun intends to unite Honshu before attacking the disloyal elements on Kyushu and Shikoku. Ashikaga Yoshikage instructs the vassals in the north to remain stalwart in case of Korean aggression. Naval patrol routes begin to patrol closer to the coast so as not to provoke Korea. A cherry sapling and human tribute in the form of two geisha, in addition to a decorative junk kept for just this occasion, are sent to Beijing to ask for assistance from Ming China should Korea get greedy. In the meantime, the Shinobi that have been operating for nearly a decade see orders. Since the early 1440s, these ninjas have infiltrated the administrations of these Daimyo, some acting as trusted advisors. In June, Ashikaga Yoshikage orders the Shinobi in Kyushu and Shikoku to assassinate the following Daimyo, all of which have had their administrations infiltrated since the early 1440s: Hosokawa, Yamana, Kono, Ouichi, Otomo, Shoni, Kikuchi, and Shimazu. Following their assassinations, the ninjas are ordered to replace them with loyal men (MOD RESPONSE NEEDED). THE FOLLOWING IS AN UPDATE AFTER THE MOD RESPONSE: With the Shinobi actions even more than successful than Shogun Ashikaga Yoshikage anticipated, he awards each member of the Shinobi responsible for this with the Mark of the White Lotus. While this mark is not a physical mark, it is a distinct sign of mastery of Ninjutsu and the art of the ninja. The disloyal administrations are replaced, the Samurai disappointed that they did not see such the engagement for which they hoped. The Shogunate works on clearing all Shinobi actions, making it seem like these men committed Seppuku in dishonor. As of December 1454, no Shinobi have been discovered. This war, known as the Kuromatsu War, will not be discovered until much later, long after Shogun Ashikaga Yoshikage has died and turned to dust.
 * ​Accepted Fam. -MP
 * Bavaria: There's is a new prince, a bastard and son of a Jew, Prince David. With the new throne, he allows worship for the Jews and the plans of a massive synagogue in the capital, he publicly denounces the pope, calling him the devil. He asks the king of Sweden's daughter's hand in marriage.
 * No, Just no. First off, Jews are actually allowed to worship in Bavaria, with the support of Archduke Albert. Second, if you want to play as Bavaria, play as a council acting in the name of His Grace the Archduke of Austria and Duke of All Bavaria. Second, The Majority of the population is Catholic. You will be put down as a heretic and burned at the stake.
 * Archduke Albert of Austria, hearing of the valiant defence of Ernstberg (Trieste) in the South (1452), and his swift return to amass more forces for a counterattack on italy (1453), is wounded in this year's fighting. He is very much good and alive at this point, but with rapidly ailing health, As such, Ferdinand, his son and heir, takes up his father's sword as commander of the Austrian Forces. Ferdinand begins using the title "king of Bohemia" in private correspondances. More to come. Ferdinand Will Command Austrian Forces if fighting continues this year. As the Austrian Army move back into the territories lost to italy previously (to enforce neutrality, of course), Ferdinand, in the name of his ailing father, promises more local autonomy to the City of  Ernstberg (Trieste), as well as the city of Trent. Bribes are traded under the table, as well as promises to imrpove the road network, refurbishing and imrpoving the old roman roads in the area. The Austrian Mints work double-time to produce high-quality coins and using the substancial sum paid by Bohemia, the minor nobility in the region. Ferdinand makes further Arguments, noting that the Pact of the Red Lion will remain as a counterbalance to Italian Aggression. Special Attention is given to Ernstberg (Trieste), who are promised a vote on reverting the name if they so wish.
 * The Archbishop Berthold of Salzberg, the Spiritual Leader of Germany, follows Count Ferdinand in his travels, convincing the minor nobles of Corinthia and Carniola, as well as Tyrol, that Austria are the rightful rulers of those territories. Ferdinand and Berthold endeavour to meet every noble personally, so that the barons get to know their future ruler. great bribery bags are brought with them, and promises to appoint certain barons and nobles, as well as mayors, to the ruling council of either Austria or Bavaria are made in secret to those who would chose to retain their loyalties to the Habsburgs. "My father never ceded any lands, and now the Italians wish to take them by force, for the crime of my father defending my God-given rights, and yours as well, and Germany against tyrany", Ferdinand is an exelent orator, and people listen, especially when they see that Ferdinand is Supported by their spiritual head of the Archdiocee.
 *  Brandenburg-Luxembourg: With Bohemia's military power shattered and the country occupied by the red lion alliance Heinrich proposes that peace be established requesting that Cologne allow their city to be used as the site of the peace talks. Heinrich's presses for the concession of Sorbia, and Silesia in exchange for monetary compensation, and pushes for Bohemia to renounce the right to intervene in the internal affairs of the members of the Red Lion Pact. With the bloody battles in North Italy Heinrich realizes that a total victory will not occur however he proposes that peace be established and that the treaty of trieste be revised and the regions be allowed to choose which Nation they wish to remain with. With Otto now reaching the age of 13, he is nearing the end of his formal education. The boy is recognized as a very smart and curious teenager and one that has no problem dirtying his hands as becomes obvious in a hunt while his father is away when he kills a bear in very close proximity with 2 shots from his crossbow and with the support of  cowering vassals. the young Otto gains the nickname the Bear after this incident much to the amusement of his father upon hearing of the incident. The young man also begins to establish a reputation for being very friendly with the opposite sex and for having a particular taste for the young Caroline von Havel. Another interesting secret of the young Brandenburg Heir is their growing sympathies for the ideals upheld by the Hussite movement and his interest in theology and philosophy grows tremendously under the tutalage of Clause von Havel, and around the young beauty Caroline von Havel.  The moderate Hussites and reformist Catholics in Bradenburg look at the Adolphinian reforms as a positive step in the right direction however some look at it as not gonig far enough and given the open enviroment for theological debate in the Universities, and in the court of the Prince Elector many scholars begin to debate the concepts that exist around god,and papal doctrine, and camparing them to past doctrines now deemed heretical. However the court realizing this might cause issues tries to keep the debates from becoming more then theoretical and requests that a member of the government of Cologne come and take part in the debates to provide a defender of Papal doctrines, and to present a more open and harmless debate as a member of the Catholic church will be present in debates. Heinrich's reforms prove a tremendous success in the second war of the lions as the reformed army now nicknamed the Red Lion Army after the war and the nickname of the Alliance between Brandenburg, and Burgundy. Heinrich himself gains the nickname amongst his men of Heinrich "Lowe" von Brandenburg, or Der Lowe von Berlin (The Lion of Berlin). Expansion of demand for guns and makes the gun smithies of Luxembourg and black smiths prosper and on the flip increases the demand for mining. Gun smithies continue to work on ways to improve the arquebus as demand increases. Artisan guilds continue to grow and Luxembourg's Metal workers, scultpers, Glass makers, and tailors become well known within the domains of Heinrich von Brandenburg, and amongst merchants trading within his domains. the University of Luxembourg remains one of the top universities for natural sciences, chemistry and astronomy in particular within the HRE.  Heinrich formally proposes that Brandenburg and Burgundy institutionalize their alliance in the so called Red Lion Pact, a formal military defensive pact that would ensure that any threats against either member will be met with a joint war effort to deter foreign aggression against members, An invitation is also made to Austria. Heinrich, also formally declares his intentions to seek the emperorship upon the death of the current emperor who is nearing the end of his life, and requests that the other electors back his bid to ensure a peaceful and prosperous Holy Roman Empire. 
 * Kingdom of England and Scotland: We moved another three thousand people north of the border to a Royal Castle and similar numbers south of the border spread out over England. The Royal Castles in Scotland are beginning to become bastions of English supremacy. In England we keep the opening of more schools which enhances the nation's knowledge while the libraries at Oxford, Cambridge and St Andrews are expanded meanwhile the dockyards at Portsmouth produce their first 5 dedicated warships.
 * Ethiopia: Zera begins to show his face in public much more to appeal to the populace, even wearing common street clothes. One day upon the arrival of Zera at his palace, a merchant is standing with a piece of wood with metal in it shaped oddly close to an L. The merchant instructs the Emperor to pull a mechanism on the grip, so some family members, royal court members and the merchant walk into the royal courtyard. A small hog is latched to a post, the king loosely aims at it. When the trigger is pulled a loud burst of noise and smoke fills the air, sending the most of the spectators running back into the palace. Zera is impressed with the tool, but even more intrigued is his young son who plays with it after the shot was fired. Zera says this would be a great tool for some select members of the royal guard to use, also he wants it studied for future purposes. (More maybe.)
 * Croatia and Ragusa: Expand their trade, using the war as a way to divert the trade nodes and routes to be more feasible for the two nations while also expanding the sewage systems throughout Croatia, replicating the Ragusan system. Salt extractions is expanded in Nin, Pag and Ston.
 * Cologne: Archbishop Dietrich II of Cologne makes the long return journey from Rome, pleased with his success and incredibly happy to have served His Holiness. Upon hearing that the Second War of Lions is over and Bohemia has fallen, Dietrich II adheres to Brandenburg’s request to hold peace talks in Cologne and welcomes both Heinrich and Wenceslaus V. Upon their arrival, he sends some of his best peacemakers in to assist with drafting a peace document. Furthermore, Dietrich II hears of the more radical Hussites making their ideas known in the Brandenburgian Court and accordingly is more than happy to send two canons, a canoness from Essen, and Prioress Hildegard of Essen to engage in talks with the more radical Hussites. On that note, all these Hussites are reminded that they are invited to speak with Dietrich II personally at any time regarding their issues with the Catholic Church. Meanwhile, the small militia in Cologne continues to grow and trade continues to prosper. Significant improvements are made to the main roads leading to the biggest port in Cologne.
 * Essen: This year, Abbess Sophia sends a letter to Thuringen and Burgundy, offering a trade deal involving silver and coal from the mines of Essen in return for their countries adopting the Adelphinian Reforms, which have recently been looked upon favourably by the pope and have brought about much peace between the people and the Church in Northern Europe. Meanwhile, Abbess Sophia thanks Munster for its acceptance of the Adelphinian Reforms and sends two canonesses to live semi-permanently in Munster to teach the local Churches about the aforementioned Reforms. She also sends two canonesses and a canon from Cologne to Nassau, hoping to further convince them. As for Trier, Abbess Sophia sends a brief letter respecting Trier’s decision but enquiring as to why this decision was made and how the Adelphinian Reforms could be improved to meet Trier’s standards. [MOD RESPONSE for Nassau and Trier, please]
 * Nassau feels that the current administration has too many conservatives and would like to pend the reforms until new ecclestical administration in the next five to seven years.
 * The Archbishop of Trier opposes any idea of preaching in the vernacular, and is extremely wary of permitting churches to share both communion equally, as many commoners may remain unrepentant sinners
 * Sorry, but the former objection doesn't make any sense. Preaching was always the vernacular, otherwise the congregation would have had literally no idea what was going on, or what message to take from the mass. Remember, too, the whole point of orders like the Dominicans (whose full name is the Order of Preachers) was to preach to the people (which requires a level of comprehension). As far as I'm aware these reforms do not extend to having vernacular for the propers of the mass, so could not be problematic. Also, for the latter reform, permitting communion in both kinds was a part of the Concord of Luxembourg, and is only given to dioceses whose bishops request it as far as I'm aware. That's not to say they can't object, I just think the grounds given don't work. Callumthered (talk) 01:46, September 10, 2016 (UTC)
 * Majapahit Empire: With our defeat in Pegu, we begin to lick our wounds, and prepare for expansion of influence elsewhere, but with Gustimaharaja Wuwamba Yuda desiring revenge. As a result, the Gustimaharaja decides to send missionaries elsewhere into Southeast Asia (including Pegu, now Burma) to spread the word of the Trimurti and obtain influence via less militant means, and more subtle means to prevent Islam from spreading. With this in mind, Wuwamba Yuda also secretly orders the assassination of Ismail Shah, which is to be executed after fabricating "evidence" that Bengal was responsible for the death of the Bahmanid Sultan. Meanwhile, the Kesubaran colony is reaching a population of 2783 people, and expansion by 5 px is done. The Malmuke Islands continue integration, and infrastructure continues to be built. Simultaneously, we begin constructing new ships to replace the ones lost in Pegu and recruiting new troops to compensate. The Majapahit Empire desires to establish trade relations with Ming China, and military alliances with Vietnam, Kedah, Toungoo, Assa and Chieng Mai (MODERATOR RESPONSE FOR NPCs, PLEASE).
 * ​Kedah, Toungoo, and Chieng Mai accept -Nate
 * Ahom Kingdom Diplomacy to Majapahit Empire: Susenphaa finds the offer of alliance intriguing, but Majapahit s defeat in the Andaman War convinces him that opposing the Muslim powers would be suicide.
 * Iroquois Confederacy: We continue to expand our agriculture, trying to find innovative ways to grow our crops in the intense heat. Luckily, the farming project in Susquehanna has been continued and is now the number one supplier of food, outside of fishing which has expanded exponentially due to the famine. (busy weekend, might not be able to post in great length.)
 * In the Kingdom of Italy, after last year's extremely narrow defeat at Lubiana, where the condottieres and forces of Italy put up a valiant fight against an outnumbering opponent, King Niccolò Maria decides to host a peace talk in Trieste to revisit the peace deal settled upon early last year. He agrees to give the nobles of South Tyrol, Trent, Carniola, and Istria the choice between remaining with Italy or rejoining Austria. To prepare for this decision, the King promises rich investment into the regions that choose to remain part of Italy, and secretly bribes some leading nobles into joining and campainging for his side. Recovery from the war is already underway, as few men actually died fighting (due to the closeness of the battle of Lubiana and the domination at Trieste). The arsenal at Venice pumps out a number of ships to restore the few ships lost to the Austrian forces at Trieste. In other news, the Biblioteca Italiana approaches completion, which is expected by early next year. The amassing of books that has taken place since the early reigns of Gian Galeazzo, and only continued throughout the advent of the printing press, is impressive and prepares to enter the library. Donatello continues to lead the Milanese School of art, focusing on the revival of ancient Greek and Roman styles.
 * In the Kingdom of Naples, tragedy strikes as Queen Mary Anjou dies a sudden death after demobilizing the army and navy. The transition to the new king, Matteo, who is now 18 years old, goes extremely smoothly as he is of age to take over for his mother. He appeals to the pope to be crowned King of Naples, but begins his duties immediately. Firstly, he tours his new realm (having grown up primarily in the Kingdom of Italy), and meets with the six dukes. Convinced that centralization is the way to go from his time under his father's wings, he continues the worth while work his mother began. Standardization of the Italian language continues, as does the settlement of Epirus and the Morea. In those two Greek states, the teaching of Italian alongside Greek becomes more common. Stefan Thopia of Croia appeals to his new king to lead a conquest of Dukagjini, but the King hesitates for the time being, waiting for the dust to settle in his father's realm.
 * Bahmanids: The Bahmanid military governor of Burma is sent home with his troops, and the Kingdom of Burma, (a Bahmanid vassal, formerly Pegu), is officially founded. A local nobleman, Binnya Dala, is elevated to the throne. Ismail Shah will allow Burma to run most of its own affairs, just sending broad directives from Gulbarga for Binnya Dala to interpret as he wishes - so long as Binnya Dala provides gold and men, that is. Nonetheless, a few Bahmanid administrators and troops are kept in Burma to keep an eye on things. A few priests are with them, naturally, but no concerted effort is made to convert the locals. A large amount of gold is put in Binnya Dala's hands to rebuild that which was destroyed in the terror of the Andaman War. In the Laccadives, the port of Kavaratti is expanded.
 * Kingdom of Burma: Binnya Dala begins his rule over the new kingdom, being very friendly with the people and even going among them in the marketplaces. He makes sure to contrast the light-handed indirect rule of the Bahmanids with the harsh one of Bengal, and the Majapahiti's insistence on Gunturism. Not only does he rebuild that which was destroyed during the war, he also builds new infrastructure to try to make the people happier. He also makes sure to emphasize that this new era is not one of foreign domination, but foreign 'assistance' in making the Kingdom a great nation.
 * Duchy of Brunswick-Luenburg: The Duke continues his military efforts in the North-Eastern area of Bohemia, having his armies campaign around the city of Aussig, capturing small towns in the area. The work to fortify the city of Hannover also continued. The mining and resource gathering directives of the Duke remained in effect. In addition to these actions the Duke also initiated efforts to increase the infrastructure around the Duchy through the repair and creation of roads.

1455
''' Gunturism begins to spread throughout the states of Southeast Asia, colliding with the local Buddhist populations. '''

''' The Aymara tribes south of Runorqo centralize into a kingdom. '''

''' The Aztec Empire continues to expand across Mesoamerica, bordering with Mayapan. '''

'''Riots break out across the Kingdom of Greece and the lands of Achaea and Athens between Catholics and Orthodox. While most of the riots are ended by the united clergy, it is clear from the many dead that the tensions from the Great Schism are not fully healed yet.'''

''' Clashes between Russian settlers and Finnish Karelians kill two dozen in northern Russia. '''

'''With the death of many of the opposing daimyō in Japan, much of their forces disperse. Some commit ritual suicide, while many roam the countryside as ronin. While not coherent enough to pose a great threat, it will take many years to drive them all out.'''
 * The Gurkani Sultanate:  Sultan Zeeshan Beg Mirza continued his rule over the Sultanate, with Al Mansur An Nasir as the Caliph. The Gurkani population rose to about 26.5 million with the people flocking to cities like Herat, Isfahan, Gamrun, Qazvin, Bukhara, Tabriz and Iskenderun; primarily due to their strategic position in the spice trade. In regards to religion, the Sultanate promoted Shia Islam, and advocated conversion to the Zaidi sect from other Islamic sects, often engaging in forced conversions. The military was primarily composed of medium-to-heavy cavalry, composite bow, lance, mace, and sword. Heavy cavalrymen wore plated chain mail or metal lamellar armor, with their horses also wearing leather or metal lamellar barding. The infantry was equipped with daggers and swords to be utilised in close combat against the enemy and elephants as well as carts were used for the transportation of supplies. Cannons were constructed to serve as siege weaponry whilst hand cannons and rocket launchers were developed as gunpowder became increasingly popular. Naval bases were established at Iskenderun, Trabzon and Gamrun to establish the presence of the Gurkani fleet in the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea and the Persian Gulf respectively, keen on controlling any piracy. The Gurkani Navy developed galleys and carracks to augment the smaller patrol fleets. Agriculture and commerce were at the Sultanate's forepoint, with wheat, rice and barley being amongst the largest produced crops. To prevent the Sultanate from ever getting hit by a major famine, the individual Amirs also engaged in the storage of food supplies, which would be utilized in case of famine or otherwise exported. Fishery was promoted as well as it helped in sustaining the fishery villages that were present along the coast, as well as the major port cities of Iskenderun, Basra, Gamrun, Kerch and Trabzon. Importance was also given on the development of proper roads for the merchants utilizing the trade routes through the Sultanate, with all caravans being armed and protected with a small detachment of guards. Meanwhile, the construction of educational madrassahs continued throughout the Empire, with the sultan keen on spreading education and knowledge amongst the populace of the Sultanate. The Sultan sought to replicate the Islamic Golden Age that existed during the period of the Abbasids prior to the Mongol Invasion, and accordingly funded the teaching of Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, with Algebra, Geometry, Astronomy, Anatomy and Medicine being of prime importance. The  lingua franca  promoted throughout the Sultanate was also Persian, primarily due to the fact that Persian had existed as the language spoken by communities in the region for centuries and as such served as an excellent language for communication. The Sultanate continued to expand its territories into the Caucasus and the Persian Gulf islands . The fortified crossing across the Kerch Straits is finally constructed, and is dubbed The Twins. It consists of two identical stone castles on each side of the Straits, with high curtain walls, deep moats, and a barbican and portcullis on each one. Channels are capable of being dug to form moats, turning each castle into an island.  A stone bridge arches between the castles, with the bridge footings rising from within the inner keeps. This bridge is wide enough for two wagons to cross abreast. The bridge is guarded in the middle by the Water Tower. This structure has arrow slits, murder holes, and portcullises for defense.
 * ​ Khedivate of Trabzon: Amir Julius Megas Komnenos continued his reign over the city of Trabzon, with Julia Komnenos acting as the Regent. Acting as a vassal to the Gurkani Sultanate, he would only be answerable to the Gurkani Amir. The military and the navy were developed along the same lines as their Gurkani counterparts, with a major naval base constructed at the city of Trabzon, where the Trabzon fleet was also situated. Trabzoni authorities continue to work on the construction of a fleet at Trabzon, working side by side with Castilian authorities. The Trabzon Amir, Julius Komnenos would continue to develop the trade route leading from his Black Sea port of Trabzon, connecting it to the city of Tabriz, hoping to make the spice trade routes much more advanced and efficient.
 * Ngarrindjeri: The various encampments around the Adelaide valley are completely permanent, totally relying on the crops of yams and taro for their livelihood. The population begins to increase exponentially with the increased surplus of food, and much is traded out to the neighboring tribes all over southern Australia. The effect is now these other tribes begin adopting agriculture of themselves, finally plating the seeds they collect from Ngarrindjeri. Small marsupials, mostly wombats and emu, are now raised in captivity for food as well, mostly hunted down by dingoes.
 * Japan: The recent victory in the Kuromatsu War and the outstanding success of the Shinobi amazes and astounds the Emperor and his fellow Shinobi. The Ashikaga Shogunate strips Ouichi of its power, in addition to claiming an area along the Seto Inland Sea for the Shogun himself to watch over any disloyal elements. He lifts the Mōri Clan to power in the area. The Mōri Clan, known to be loyal to the Emperor, led a resistance in this area along the Seto Inland Sea. Both the Mōri Clan and Ashikaga Clans build Hiroshima Castle in OTL Hiroshima (obviously). Hiroshima Castle is meant to be a joint Ashikaga-Mōri venture. Samurai in Honshu work on hunting down any Ronin. These Ronin, much too cowardly to face an honorable death, are to be dispatched with brutal force and efficiency. The Ronin in Kyushu and Shikoku Islands are even less unlucky; they are to be assassinated mercilessly by Shinobi. Their bodies will be left where they are, dishonor and shame being brought upon their memories and ancestors upon the discovery of their bodies. Ashikaga Yoshikage tours Japan this year. Gratitude for the loyalty of the northern Daimyō is expressed in the form of gold and geisha. They are the first to see the Shogun, who expresses his undying gratitude for their loyalty and honor. "Your sacrifices, the sons you sent to die on the battlefield, will not be forgotten. In their deaths, they are truly one with us all," he is noted for saying. Later this year, the son of Ashikaga Yoshikage is wed to a Shiba woman. As of December, she is pregnant with child. In Hokkaido, Japan begins expanding rapidly. A second settlement is established in the northern reaches of the island. The navy of Japan also sees expansion, with several ships seeing retirement. Their parts go on to make new naval ships. With the end of the Kuromatsu War, Japanese ships return from their wartime routes. They are now in their regular posts and routes, ready to stop any more disloyal Daimyō or a Korean war of aggression. The Japanese offer trade routes with Majapahit, Pegu and Khmer. While international trade is important, Japan very much thrives on internal trading between each Daimyō. In Kyoto, an artist sees fame and fortune after commissioning several works of art for the new Daimyō in Kyushu and southern Honshu. These works of art, notable for their pornographic nature, inspire the artist and his contemporaries to make more illicit works of art for the wealthy and the powerful in Japan. Japan offers to sell their colony in Manchuria to Korea in exchange for their colony in northern Hokkaidō.
 * Majapahit Diplomacy: The Majapahit Empire officially accepts the establishment of trade routes with Japan.
 * Korea accepts the offer.
 * Ming China: With the great victory against the Mongols, the Emperor's armies occupy the region and being to pacify any resistance. Volunteers are encouraged to move into former Mongolia to settle and establish new cities in order to establish Chinese culture as the dominant force. The Empire continues expanding the military, and troops are stationed in every new Chinese settlement within former Mongolia, and given homes there in order to make the towns grow and keep them defended. The Imperial navy is expanded, and a colony is established on the southern tip of Taiwan, offering the Japanese to split the island north and south in order to maintain and cement the peace. We establish a colony in Sakhalin and annex Okinawa after establishing a small colony there. We begin flooding our Taiwan colony with settlers just south of the Japanese colony  as well as on the southern end of the island, and begin to expand it and secure our claim.
 * Japanese Diplomacy: Japan agrees to the split and offers to build a road between the Japanese colony in the north and the Chinese colony in the south. They also request to buy the Ryukyu Islands back from Ming China, which were sold (in a mod event when both China and Japan were NPCS) in the 1430s.
 * Ming China: China offers Japan a new military alliance in order to cement peaceful relations in hope of a strong and contiuing partnership between the two Empires.
 * Japanese Diplomacy: Japan graciously accepts.
 * Korean diplomacy: The Koreans request that former Mongolian holdings in Manchuria would be ceded to Korea, in exchange for a fifty percent discount on Korean exports of precious metals to China, which would last for five years. Korea would also double the amount of human tributes to four-hundred concubines and eunuchs per two years, which again, would last for two tributary sessions.
 * Ming China: We refuse to cede any or our territory to Korea. We demand your withdraw from the Island of Hokkaido  as these have been recognized as Japanese territory by the Empire.
 * Archbishopric of Bremen: Bremen modernizes its ports. Calls for a circle diet for Holstein-Hamburg. Bremen nominates Brunswick-Lüneburg to be the leader of the Imperial Circle Holstein-Hamburg. The people of Bremen begin to work on improving the infrastructure in the region. Prince-Archbishop Gerard III reaffirms his fealty to the pope, and offers his services in any way he can to the cardinals.
 * Papal States: Callixtus IV receives his faithful Archbishop's letter with joy, and replies that his service can best be put toward upholding orthodoxy within both his tempral realm and his wider Archdiocese and its suffragan dioceses.
 * Ethiopia: After a year of study Zera asks the best craftsman to bring him designs for these "Devil yells." (Basic firearms). He also begins a yearly training for farmers in the winter, by the royal guard, so they can more readily defend their land. With trade producing more income Zera diverts funds to expanding the Blue Nile so larger ships may traverse it.


 * As the economy of Aragon continues to improve, we begin searching for new trading partners. The Aragonese leadership begins to come to the conclusion that the Mediterranean alone can no longer fully satisfy our needs, and so teams of merchants are sent to Central Europe to make contact with the German states, in particular Austria and Hamburg, and to the east through Greece to meet with officials from the Gurkani Sultanate to try to come to some agreements over trade. Meanwhile, naval expansion continues; 25 ships are built this year, bringing our number of operational ships to 125. While still a far cry from what it used to be, it is hoped the Royal Armada can be at full strength by the time it merges with that of Castile, whenever that time may be. We begin improvements on our infrastructure, building new roads to connect our cities to allow easier and more efficient transportation of goods and people between them.
 * Gurkani Diplomacy: Gurkani diplomats also express interest in granting Aragonese merchants rights to utilize the Silk Road, if the Kingdom of Aragon were to sign the Compact of Iskenderen.
 * In Korea, the sister of Yi Do, Yi Hyorin is coronated as the Queen, being the first female monarch of the dynasty. Yi Do is given the posthumous name Sejong the Great, with the capital, Hanseong, being renamed to Sejong-si in honor of him. The acquisition of Shintoashima, renamed to Sinsado, in exchange for Haesi-nam marks the Korean and Japanese diplomatic contact since the renouncement of formal relations. Residents in ceded areas are sent back to Korea, while foreign residents within Sinsado are sent back to Japan. Yi Hyorin is still reluctant to reestablish relations with the Japanese, unless the Japanese have shown good intent, and recognized Korean claims in Sakhalin. Galvanized by Japanese aggression, continues its improvement of its navy. Obsolete or worn out ships are retired from service, and its salvaged parts used to build newer ships. Most built ships are bigeodeo and gwaseon, though a few junks are built. The production of cannons and gunpowder weapons continue, and arsenals in coastal settlements are upgraded to fit a higher capacity of weapons. With a disturbing rise in Japanese naval activity, hyeopseon spy on the Japanese coast to provide logistics. Ships patrol neighbouring waters to consolidate naval presence, and to expel any Japanese trespassers. With Seotaeman now a self-sufficient colony, the central government stop shipping materials to the colony, but continues introducing settlers. Using interpreters, local aborigines are convinced to joining and assimilating into the settlement. Seotaeman expands by a hundred pixels. Korea continues expansion into the coast of Manchuria, expanding by a hundred and fifty pixels. Haesi-buk expands fifty pixels into Sakhalin. A campaign is launched against the Jurchens, who control large swathes of Manchuria, with a total of fifty thousand troops participating in the campaign. Mahayana Buddhism under the Yi sect, which fuses Confucian doctrines and Muist rites, becomes increasingly ingrained into Korean culture. Korea continues to experience increasing affluence under a meritocratic bureaucracy. Yi Do continues the encouragement of mercantile activities and commerce. Wealthy yangban patronize the arts and literature. Buildings are upscaled in beauty and sophistication to reflect Korea's growing affluence, while more people, especially those in the yangban, chung-in, and sang-in castes, choose partake in education. Korea sends a batch of tribute, comprising of Korean food, a hundred concubines and eunuchs, and luxury items, to the Ming.
 * Korean Diplomacy to Majapahit: Korean emissaries arrive, wanting to establish formal diplomatic and trading relations and to construct an embassy in the Majapahit capital.
 * Majapahit Diplomacy: The Korean Embassy in Trowulan is officially authorised to open, and the offer to establish trade relations is officially accepted.
 * Korean Diplomacy to Dai Viet: Korean diplomats travel to Hanoi (via Ming road routes), wanting to establish formal diplomatic and trading relations. ( MOD RESPONSE )
 * The Tran King of Dai Viet eagerly accepts trade and diplomacy -Nate
 * Poland-Lithuania: Slovakia and Carpatho-Ukraine area is outright annexed into the Kingdom of Poland-Lithuania. King Wladyslaw III is crowned as King of Ruthenia. (Titulary title) Lithuanian importance in the Polish-Lithuanian realm diminishes as Lithuanians are nothing but a scarce minority after the fall of Samogitia to the Teutonic Knights back in 1398. Some Lithuanian nobles annoyed by the increasing Polish influence in the realm and the flows of Polish settlers into Lithuanian cities and towns, they rebel against the Crown but King Wladyslaw III already wary of their movements and plots and pretty much expected that reaction, he had already mustered an army 10.000 men strong nearby from his most loyal Polish and Ruthenian nobles, the Crown lands and his own estates for a preemptive attack, that he lead against the rebels. About half the way to face the rebels, before news of the rebellion spread, King Wladyslaw III dispatches messengers to tell the news of his victory to all nobles in Poland-Lithuania and Moldavia. The rebels planned to head toward the capital of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania, after they mustered a sufficient army to siege and take over the capital, however the King's army managed to reach them first. In the battle that followed the rebel army of 6.500 men strong is defeated in a decisive victory in the river of Nemunas, with little further support, due to the discouragement of the vast majority of the nobles and people willing to join them after hearing the news of their defeat, basically seeing them as a lot cause. The rebel remnants are quickly crushed after they received minimal further support. The defeated nobles are hanged for treason against their King, and their estates are shared between the King's most loyal Polish and Ruthenian nobles that supported him to quell this rebellion. Although a big share of those estates are turned into Crown lands, as the King himself has used a lot of his own troops and monies. High ranked rebel officers are executed and the remaining rebels, which are mostly peasants, are expected to renounce the rebellion and swear their allegiance to their King, with the penalty of death. Also as a penalty the title Lithuania is stripped from the official title of the Realm, the Kingdom is from now on renamed to the Kingdom of Poland. Kingdom Roman and Stephen, sons of the King's vassal Voivode Ilias Musat of Moldavia are in Poland, tutored by the King himself. King Wladyslaw III continues to turn into Crown lands any fiefdoms that reverted to the Crown after their nobles owners died. Some more poor friends of the King are nobilized and given extremely small fiefs along with an annual wage after vowing to always support the King and the Royal Dynasty, especially in the Sejm. The gradual and peaceful process of resettlement of Kaunas, Vilnius, Trakai and Kernavė with highly motivated Polish settlers continues. In the economic realm, growing cottage industries begin to develop, such as iron working and wool trading in the burgeoning burghs, and animal husbandry continues to displace grain farming. To keep trade moving, Jews are not persecuted and taxes on goods are lowered, to make smuggling unprofitable. Krakow, Warsaw, Poznan, Bydgoszcz, Lublin, Lwow, Warszawa, Kaunas, Vilnius, Trakai, Kernavė, Kiev, Minsk and Chernigov experience a vast growth and increase in trade, attributed to a combination of lower taxes along with Jew money lending practices being de facto allowed and not persecuted. We begin to spread disconent within the Grand Boyardom of Russia sensing that their collapse is inevitable, only trying to speed it up. Many notable scholars as per King's orders, continue to work in the Slavonic language, to fix any grammatical and spelling errors. More books are published on the Slavonic language. We ask Austria for an alliance.
 * Moldavia: Voivode Ilias Musat focuses on consolidating the interior of the nation. In the economic realm, growing cottage industries begin to develop, such as iron working and wool trading in the burgeoning burghs, and animal husbandry continues to displace grain farming. To keep trade moving, Jews are not persecuted and taxes on goods are lowered, to make smuggling unprofitable. Suczawa experiences a vast growth and increase in trade, attributed to a combination of lower taxes along with Jew money lending practices being de facto allowed and not persecuted. A series of garrison forts are maintained along the border of the Ottoman Empire, the largest of the forts is Fort Jagiello, and being quarter walled with duct trenches and heavy palisades defending the reinforced stone that lay behind it. Fort Jagiello being a focal point to the Polish efforts to stop any Ottoman initiatives for expansion into the Polish realm as well as serving to honor and fulfill the 50 year NAP with the Ottoman Empire.
 * OOC Sweden: OK, WTF is this? First, there IS NO WEST RUSSIA IN THAT SENSE. Besides Chernigov and Kiev, no part of traditional Russia is part of Poland-Lithuania. If you want an additional title, it's King of RUTHENIA. Also, I am going to discuss this with the mods, BUT I DOUBT you are able to make your own nobles rebel, much less just saying 'duh, I am defeating them cause lol'. This is some bullshit if I ever saw one.
 * WTF, Andy??? I asked a mod and he said I CAN FUCKING DO THAT, if there isn't an event, I AM FUCKING ALLOWED TO MAKE AS MANY FUCKING REBELLIONS AS I LIKE, and no algo is required if rebellions happen without a FUCKING EVENT. THAT'S EXACTLY WHAT RIMP AND VIVA DID AMONG OTHERS, FOR THE WHOLE FUCKING GAME, SO FUCKING READ THE RULES AND POSTS BEFORE YOU TALK SHIT. And King of West Russia instead of King of Ruthenia was a spelling error.
 * Can you both calm down and be civil. Your points could have been made without resorting to uncouth language. Callumthered (talk) 20:33, September 10, 2016 (UTC)
 * Swahili: The nation's income continues to grow, both from increased tariffs and from the Royal Trade Fleet. Our manufacturers expand and make more money. We expand southward to connect our realm. 10,000 local tribesman and foreign settlers became citizens of our nation last year due to our policies of land reclamation and immigration attraction. We build cannons for our ships, just five each for our 20 largest ships. We continue to train our army. We continue spreading the silver dinar in our lands, now backed by Mtwara Gold.
 * Ahom Kingdom: Susenphaa orders the improvement roads throughout the kingdom. The Ahom Army is trained further.
 * Duchy of Thuringen: The city guard continues to defend the capital city of Erfurt. Our military grows by adding more recruits each year. We continue to trade again with our neighboring states. Farming goes well in our nation this year. The healthy population continues to increase by 3% each year. The fighting between Bohemia ends with the Treaty of Cologne. For winning the war we get lots of money from Bohemia. Also we signed a 50 year non-aggression pact with Bohemia. The general population of our nation is happy that Bohemia and the Emperor are now weakened from this war. Trade is now being improved with all the nations being freed since all of Bohemia's vassals are now free from being held. The money that is in the national reserve increases because of the war that just ended. Due to having all this extra money, taxes are lowered in the nation.
 * OshidaPurchaseMap_PMIV.png Delhi Sultanate, wary of the neighboring Bahmanids, expand their military and begin to patrol their borders. A portion of their military guards Delhi and Agra to pacify any resistance to the sultan. They ask for trade with the Bahmani Sultanate and Bengal, making clear their intention is to establish good relations with their neighbors.


 * Delhi diplomacy: In an attempt to gain Delhian access to the sea, he Sultan proposes to Bengal to purchase the southern strip of coastal land (as shown on the map) for a proposed 10 million rupees. (MOD RESPONSE REQUIRED) He also notifies Bengal that Delhi is willing to negotiate the price of the land.
 * Bahmanids: An offer is made to Oman to sell the Omani territories in India to the Bahmanids. If they accept, they will receive a trade post at Diu, 10% of all crown revenue from Gujarat, be allowed to keep their economic dominance in the region, as well as favored trade privileges throughout the Bahmanid realms. The Bahmanids will also protect Oman from the Abbasids if they accept. (OOC: I already talked to Warrior about this on chat, and he agreed.) We agree to increase trade with Delhi. More inimical rumors are spread through the Hindu population of India about the evils of 'heretical' Gunturism. (OOC @ Orange: Delhi and the Bahmanids already have an alliance. My son is the next in line to the throne of Delhi. Also, your area of proposed purchase is called Odissa.)
 * Kingdom of Burma: Binnya Dala continues to develop infrastructure and trade. A few people in eastern Pegu convert to Gunerism. Dala is worried but decides the matter is not yet major. He follows Bahmanid policy in allowing the Gunturists to live under their own legal code to make them happy.
 * Iroquois Confederacy: With the famine over and food production back to relatively normal levels, Chief Apenimon continues expanding urban centers. At the annual Gathering of Chiefs, it is estimated that 40,000 people live in the Confederacy. Apenimon sends a group of settlers to the mouth of the St. Lawrence to start a village called Catcodoga (OTL Quebec). 400 braves journey with them to provide protection and extra hands for construction. Chief Apenimon's goal is to turn this region into a northern trade center, much like Tiohero on Lake Erie. Their first job is to construct a timber and stone wall around the few huts that already existed at the site. Barges are sent up the St. Lawrence to provide supplies to Catcodoga. Due to the famine, Notaku, former chief of the Iroquois and son of the founder, dies in the winter. A great ceremony is held in his honor. His son, Degotoga, lives a long with his wife Ojistah.
 * Aztec Triple Alliance: Emperor Moctezuma I begins to solidify the Triple Alliance, bringing closer Tlacopan and Texococo. Roads criss-crossing the valley are constructed, with many more planned for the future. With the riches and goods flowing from the newly subjugated region is used to rejuvenate the Three cities, and despite the famine the population of the Aztecs is on the increase.  Expansion to find and create new farming lands begins as the famine begins to die down, with many in the tecutli considering expanding toward the Mixtec people of the southern Mezcala basin. The Emperor wishes to open trade with the Mayapan. 
 * Papal States: Pope Callixtus IV hears about the riots in Greece, and is greatly distressed that, whilst there is real ecclesial communion between the Latin Rite and Greek Rite Churches, there is clearly still not a full communion within the hearts of believers. In response, His Holiness writes an encyclical letter to the Patriarch of Constantinople and the Greek bishops (both Lain and Greek rite), called Unam Ecclesiam. The letter, which is to be read out at mass or divine service (in an approved Greek translation), details in simple terms the good things about the unity of the churches. It explains that both rites teach the same thing, even if sometimes using different terms. It further explains that all members of the Church in both its rites are members of the Body of Christ, united in one faith and baptism, sharing the seven sacraments. The letter also exhorts priests to be attentive to any brewing trouble and to be ready to defend the unity of the Church using sond argument and reason to counter the prejudices that some still hold. (MODS: What is currently the deal with Constantinople? Is it still under effective papal crusader control? Because that player came and played as it for a while, but the Papal troops never left, and now the player is gone) The Papal Legate to Brandenburg informs the Duke that informed and scholarly theological discussions are a valuable part of the life of the Church, but notes that heresy must be condemned. If the Duke has any issues with some elements of the Church's doctrine, he is most welcome to ask the Legate, who has a Doctorate in Theology from a Roman university. In other news, the Holy Inquisition receives a memorandum from Callixtus IV titled Discipulina Antiqua which empowers the Inquisition to investigate and punish those members of the clergy who are living dissolute lifestyles: those ignoring their vow of chastity, those living in absurd wealth, and those monasteries which have let their level of discipline drop.
 * Kingdom of England and Scotland: More population movements and deportations occur in Scotland and England occur with 3000 more people exchanged and the Royal Casltes becoming bastions for royal support. Another ten ships are produced at Portsmouth by the navy for the use of the Crown's personal fleet while Elizabeth of York's hand is offered to someone worth marrying. More work on the construction of schools and the printing workshops to build up the two libaries of England.
 * Mayapan: Aztec expansion is heavily but discreetly monitored and preliminary defenses are prepared in case of war. Emperor Atlahua send diplomats to the Aztec capitol to talk about terms for a trade deal. Integration of the southern city-states into the League is continued by the High Council. Each new state is expected to supply men to train and serve in the national army. The council seeks to improve commerce and communication between the many settlements of the Yucatan by constructing and maintaining roads between them. Work continues to renovate and update existing buildings, roads and to create plans for future upkeep and renovations.
 * After the terrible riots throughout Greece, King Henry I calls upon the Catholic and Orthodox populace to end the violence between the denominations. He endorses the Unam Ecclesiam from Pope Callixtus IV along with Grand Duke Jacob Crispo and Grand Duke Francesco Visconti. King Henry I asks for the hand of Maria Joanna von Habsburg-Wittelsbach of Austria in marriage, as, according to the Hellenic Reforms, all of the Triumvirate should be married by 1455. Over the first years of Henry's reign, he has raised the Hellenic Fleet to 50 ships. He has also taken a census of the country, finding the population to be 254,319. He also begins preparations on a possible invasion of Raska and Dukagjini.
 * I'd appreciate some source as to your census population. Populstat and Wikpeida both put the 1821 population of modern-day Greece's boundaries at around 940,000. If we reverse that back to 1455, I'd say a high-end estimate of modern Greece's population is 600,000. Now, the next issue is the fact you don't control all of Greece. Using modern Greek population distribution, you control 38% of modern Greece's population (with a majority falling in Attica, Western Greece, Crete, etc). So, your population is close to 250,000, not 1.3 million. Correct me if I'm wrong, but that is how I would calculate the Greek population. -Rexmod
 * Rex the population is wrong but using modern Greek population distribution is just wrong, Attica/Athens started to grow after it became the capital of independent Greece in 1834, taking into consideration that half of the population of Greece today resides in Attica/Athens, when in 1833 Attica/Athens was just a small village with 4.000 residents. Now Athens growed substantially in the 20th century, so basicly what you said is wrong in so many ways. His population should be around 800.000. Plus Greece controls areas that are not OTL Greek. This is ATL Greece. And Nathanial you don't have any kind of permission to remove Rex's post. ~Bear


 * Duchy of Brunswick-Luenburg: The Duchy continues all of its efforts regarding army campaigns, infrastructure construction, and resource collection. The Duke uses Brunswick-Luenburg's Hanseatic league membership to start a new round of trading of goods on the the norther coast of Germany.
 * In the Kingdom of Italy, King Niccolò Maria Visconti oversees the integration of Istria and Trieste (recently renamed to its original Italian). The local nobles' rulers are educated at the most prestigious universities in Italy, including that at Florence and that at Padua. The Istriot langauge that is in common practice in Isria begins to be replaced by the standardized Italian tongue, which is now to be used for all trade in Trieste. The King reluctantly gives South Tyrol, Carniola, and Trent back to the Austrians in exchange for adequate payment, as spelled out in the Treaty of Trieste (1454). The King uses the new income to fulfill his promise to Istria, investing heavily in its infrastructure and the arsenal at Trieste. Meanwhile, in Milan, the Biblioteca Italiana is opened to great fanfare. It is heralded as the greatest library since that of Alexandria, and the King continues to sponsor translations of great works into Italian and opens the library to leading scholars at the major universities, including religious clerics. Donatello continues to church out impressive art as the leader of the Milanese school, but others begin to challenge the aging artist for royal primacy.
 * In the Kingdom of Naples, newly-crowned king Matteo continues his survey of his extended realm that he inherited from his mother. He travels across the Adriatic Sea to Croia, where he meets with Stefan Thopia and hears of his claims to Dukagjini. Next, Matteo sails to Epirus and the Morea, where he sees the progress being made toward Italianification of both the populace and the common language. While in Morea, riots break out between the Orthodox and Catholic peasants, and the King, taking charge, orders that all rioters are to be brought before a secular and religious tribunal for judgement. Next, he visits his relative, Grand Duke Francesco I of Skopje, in Greece. Then, he goes on to meet with King Henry I of Greece, and agrees to marry his sister in exchange for Berat, among other terms, which are finalized in the Treaty of Berat. He then marries Princess Duchess Caterina Crispo of Greece.

1456
 The Aymara Kingdom expands round the southern tip of Runorqo 

 A Great General known as Vasili the Impaler begins uniting Romania against both Ottoman and Polish influence, feared by all his enemies for the brutal ways he annihilates his foes.

 The Byzantine Emperor, now with title only, requests the King of Greece an autonomous state within his nation

''' The slowly depleting resources of Khmer catch up with it, as the Empire finds a sudden lack of human resources. A proclamation is made to find anyone in the countryside and force them to live in the cities '''

 The Buddhist sects of Southeast Asia begin to band together under Therevada Buddhism, and begin persecuting the Gunturist missions in the land 

 The leaders of the former client state of Mongolia depart from Ulaan Baatar, seeing their tributary status revoked by the Ming Emperor 

 A Chinese admiral returns to the court in Beijing from Taiwan, as the naval port there was given to the Japanese 


 * We made a deal to split the island north and south, we didn't cede anything in Taiwan to Japan.  -Nova
 * I think the mods meant the Ryukyus (which had an extensive Ming naval base), as you sold it to Japan.

''' In Korea, a heated debate between a Mahayana Buddhist and a Confucian scholar ends with the Mahayana Buddhist throwing dung at the Confucian. The Confucian calmly wiped off the dung and proclaimed the immortal saying "after the thunder, comes the rain". (mud event) '''

''' The children of a minor English noble, the twins of Hightower family are killed by a rampaging lunatic. After finding out who he was, those who know him describe him as a plain man. #9/11 '''


 * Duchy of Burgundy: with stability returning following David's Rebellion, Duke Charles sets about consolidating his reign. He begins to pass what would come to be known as the Charlian Reforms. Beginning in the northern Netherlands, the power of the nobility is curtailed. Nobles that supported David are removed, and Charles men are chosen to replace them. Once more, control is consolidated to the States-General, and nobles are allowed to replace their lost power with their direct representation in a separate house in the assembly. Feudal levies are reduced, replaced by a new regular army manned with officers whose loyalty is assured to be with the Duke. The entire process is planned to take up to fifteen years. The veteran core of Charles army, which he lead from the actions against David, through the Bohemian and Italian campaigns, is kept on alert should reactionary elements attempt to derail the reforms. Meanwhile, Admiral John de Luxembourg writes a series of letters, collectively call "On the Influence of Powder Weapons on Sea Power", in which he lays out that large ships, equipped with many cannons, will render boarding-centric ship types, such as galleys, obsolete as powder weapons improve.


 * The Gurkani Sultanate:  Sultan Zeeshan Beg Mirza continued his rule over the Sultanate, with Al Mansur An Nasir as the Caliph. The Gurkani population rose to about 34 million with the people flocking to cities like Herat, Isfahan, Gamrun, Qazvin, Bukhara, Tabriz and Iskenderun; primarily due to their strategic position in the spice trade. In regards to religion, the Sultanate promoted Shia Islam, and advocated conversion to the Zaidi sect from other Islamic sects, often engaging in forced conversions. The military was primarily composed of medium-to-heavy cavalry, composite bow, lance, mace, and sword. Heavy cavalrymen wore plated chain mail or metal lamellar armor, with their horses also wearing leather or metal lamellar barding. The infantry was equipped with daggers and swords to be utilised in close combat against the enemy and elephants as well as carts were used for the transportation of supplies. Cannons were constructed to serve as siege weaponry whilst hand cannons and rocket launchers were developed as gunpowder became increasingly popular. Naval bases were established at Iskenderun, Trabzon and Gamrun to establish the presence of the Gurkani fleet in the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea and the Persian Gulf respectively, keen on controlling any piracy. The Gurkani Navy developed galleys and carracks to augment the smaller patrol fleets. Agriculture and commerce were at the Sultanate's forepoint, with wheat, rice and barley being amongst the largest produced crops. To prevent the Sultanate from ever getting hit by a major famine, the individual Amirs also engaged in the storage of food supplies, which would be utilized in case of famine or otherwise exported. Fishery was promoted as well as it helped in sustaining the fishery villages that were present along the coast, as well as the major port cities of Iskenderun, Basra, Gamrun, Kerch and Trabzon. Importance was also given on the development of proper roads for the merchants utilizing the trade routes through the Sultanate, with all caravans being armed and protected with a small detachment of guards. Meanwhile, the construction of educational madrassahs continued throughout the Empire, with the sultan keen on spreading education and knowledge amongst the populace of the Sultanate. The Sultan sought to replicate the Islamic Golden Age that existed during the period of the Abbasids prior to the Mongol Invasion, and accordingly funded the teaching of Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, with Algebra, Geometry, Astronomy, Anatomy and Medicine being of prime importance. The  lingua franca  promoted throughout the Sultanate was also Persian, primarily due to the fact that Persian had existed as the language spoken by communities in the region for centuries and as such served as an excellent language for communication. The Sultanate continued to expand its territories into the Caucasus and the Persian Gulf islands . The Sultan of the Gurkani Sultan, Zeeshan Beg Mirza signed the Aragonese section of the Compact of Iskenderun, granting merchants from Aragon rights to utilize the trade rights connecting Europe to South and East Asia. 


 * ​ Khedivate of Trabzon: Amir Julius Megas Komnenos continued his reign over the city of Trabzon, with Julia Komnenos acting as the Regent. Acting as a vassal to the Gurkani Sultanate, he would only be answerable to the Gurkani Amir. The military and the navy were developed along the same lines as their Gurkani counterparts, with a major naval base constructed at the city of Trabzon, where the Trabzon fleet was also situated. Trabzoni authorities continue to work on the construction of a fleet at Trabzon, working side by side with Castilian authorities. The Trabzon Amir, Julius Komnenos would continue to develop the trade route leading from his Black Sea port of Trabzon, connecting it to the city of Tabriz, hoping to make the spice trade routes much more advanced and efficient.
 * Eleanor I, Queen of Aragon, has signed the Compact of Iskenderun and awaits only the reciprocal signature of the Amir of the Gurkani Sultanate. We request to open branches of the Royal Bank of Barcelona in Iskenderun and Samarkand so that we may render our banking services to passing Aragonese merchants as well as Gurkani locals. Meanwhile, back home, our economy has well and truly completed its recovery, and the Royal Bank is as strong as ever. Our military remains strong and ever vigilant. This year, 25 new ships are constructed, and our fleet now stands at 150 ships. In other news, the Queen this year in a historic announcement formally relinquishes the Crown's claim on Argelia, acknowledging that the area has for decades been under the sovereignty of the Abbasid Caliphate, and that Aragon no longer has a place in the memory and the hearts of the Argelian people. However, still itching for expansion as her grandfather did fifty years ago, Eleanor continues to steadily and enthusiastically push for scientific and technological advancement, to ensure that Aragon will soon become able to reach for faraway lands to which to spread the Crown's influence.
 * Ngarrindjeri: The total population of the tribe has grown to almost 20,000, administrated loosely by various clan leaders. Wombats and emu are now kept in pens or free range, harvesting their meat as they mature. At one point, one member of the tribe discovered a Red Kangaroo that was slightly malformed, with its front legs almost as long as its back legs. He immediately killed it, then took its children back to the tribe to be raised. The cannibalistic practices of the tribe continue as before, to appease the tradition of their ancestors.
 * OshidaPurchaseMap_PMIV.pngDelhi Sultanate: We continue to build up our military and strengthen our economy, striking new trade deals both inside and outside of the Sultanate. We continue to guard Agra and Delhi, and the Sultan sends out missionaries to convert religious minorities in the Sultanate to Islam.
 * Delhi diplomacy: In an attempt to gain Delhian access to the sea, the Sultan once again proposes to Bengal to purchase the southern strip of coastal land (as shown on the map AKA Odisha) for a proposed ten million rupees. (MOD RESPONSE REQUIRED). He also notifies Bengal that Delhi is willing to negotiate the price of the land.
 * Gurkani Diplomacy: Sultan Zeeshan Beg sends a letter to Sultan of Delhi, inviting him to Shia Islam and calling upon him to convert to Zaidism, to recognize the Caliph of Persia as the truth Caliph. Sultan Zeeshan states that this action will strengthen the alliance existing between Delhi and the Gurkani, and will also aid Delhi in breaking free from Abbasid influence.
 * Ming China: Several regions are annexed from Mongolia, and the remainder of the state becomes a client/puppet state of the Empire. A military force is stationed near the capitol in order to secure and stabilize the region from raiders. The Emperor orders roads to interconnect the two nations to increase trade and profit for each other. The Emperor orders the production of cannons and the latest weaponry, and the arming of new warships to defend and patrol the seas, buffing up the defenses in Sakhalin and Taiwan colonies as well as along the coast in general. Noticably, drawn to Mongolia by its laxer taxes and the cheap land, thousands of Chinese citizens begin migrating to the Mongolian State. The Sakhalin and Taiwan colonies continue to grow, and a colony is established to the south of Taiwan on the northern most Philpene island in order to make a naval station and spread the enlightenment of China. We demand Korea halt its aggressive policies against Japan, as they are a honorable ally of the Empire and therefor one to Korea, and we demand that in order to honor our allies, the Koreans withdraw from Taiwan. The Empire expands north across unclaimed Manchuria toward the sea near the Island of Sakhalin in full force, using the military to clear any risk.


 * Mongolia (Chinese Vassal): The Gong of Mongolia takes the throne in great ceremony, cementing the ties to China with the acknowledgement to being  a Chinese client (puppet/vassal), and welcoming the new citizens in hopes it will bolster Mongolias growth and stength into one capable of eventually reaching glories of the Empire for which its name comes form, greedily accepting new citizens and the trade from China. Construction of new roads begins to increase trade with China.
 * Japanese Dip: Upon hearing this, Japan thanks China graciously for its assistance in the matter. "We care not to quarrel with dogs. We thank the Ming for aiding us in the cessation of hostilities with Joseon.
 * Korean Diplomacy: Yi Hyorin reminds the Ming Emperor that aggravating and invading a Hua (civilized; sinicized) tributary (a submissive and important one that is, far more important than Japan) will mean the loss of the Mandate of Heaven, and the inevitable ousting of the House of Zhu.
 * Korea OOC: And besides it's implausible, so no. Please learn history you incompetent twat.
 * Ming Diplomacy: The fact that you defy the Empire, and the idea that the Emperor ALLOWING  a subject to disobey the Empire will in its own lose us the Mandate. Either do as the Emperor has ordered, or we will reinstate a loyal Competent  government within Joseon.
 * Korean OOC: No, showing aggression and threatening invasion toward another Hua people (I assume you know the Hua–Yi distinction) will definitely make you lose the Mandate of Heaven. And no, the Ming will never force such a thing on a vassal, the most it will do is mediate the argument.
 * With Korean Queen, Yi Hyorin becoming annoyed by the Ming request to cede Seotaeman to the Japanese, Korean envoys are sent to Kyoto, offering to sell Seotaeman for a small sum of a million taels. Korean envoys also seek to reestablish basic relations with the Japanese, but if relations are established, they will be restricted, with Busan being the sole Korean city used in Korean–Japanese meetings or commerce. Yi Hyorin orders the invasion of the Nivh people, who occupy the northern half of Sakhalin. A total of a thousand troops, along with a fleet of five bigeodo are sent in the campaign, expecting a quick victory. Korea continues its long naval tradition, building new ships and replacing obsolete or worn out ships. Most new ships are bigeodo and gwaseon, with a few junks and hyeopseon being built. Patrols are done in neighbouring waters to consolidate territorial legitimacy. Arsenals are built to fit a higher capacity of weapons, while more gunpowder weapons are made. Korea begins expansion beyond Manchuria and into coastal Siberia, sending exploration patrols through the northern waters, meeting with locals in the Kuril islands and the Kamchatka peninsula. An envoy is sent to the Yakut people, offering that they give their vassalage in exchange for protection ( MOD RESPONSE ). Mahayana Buddhism under the Yi sect, which fuses Confucian doctrines and Muist rites, becomes increasingly ingrained into Korean culture. Korea continues to experience increasing affluence under a meritocratic bureaucracy. Yi Do continues the encouragement of mercantile activities and commerce. Wealthy yangban patronize the arts and literature. Buildings are upscaled in beauty and sophistication to reflect Korea's growing affluence, while more people, especially those in the yangban, chung-in, and sang-in castes, choose partake in education. Korea sends another batch of tribute, comprising of Korean deserts, a hundred concubines and eunuchs, and luxury items, to the Ming.
 * The Yakut see no need for protection
 * Aztecs: The burgeoning population and need for more farmland drives expansion into the mixtec lands directly southwest of the current empire. Sacrifices are on the increase as well, in part to placate the recently added lands. Roads criss crossing the valley continue to be built. The Emperor, Moctezuma I, and his wife and queen has a boy, who is named Coxccoxtli. The army grows in strength and size as boys from all tribes within the Mexica realm are conscripted into the forces.
 * Mayan Dip: Recently, Aztec agression has wiped out Mayan allies in the region, so Mayapan is hesitant to trade with the Aztecs. However, in a show of good will, Mayapan will offer to trade squash, maize, beans, and other food staples to aid in the continuing famine.
 * Poland: King Wladyslaw III is very upset with recent developments and vows to fight side by side with the Ottomans and the Hungarian against the Romanian threat shall they decline his most glorious offer to enforce the terms of the treaty. Kingdom Roman and Stephen, sons of the King's vassal Voivode Ilias Musat of Moldavia are in Poland, tutored by the King himself. King Wladyslaw III continues to turn into Crown lands any fiefdoms that reverted to the Crown after their nobles owners died. Some more poor friends of the King are nobilized and given extremely small fiefs along with an annual wage after vowing to always support the King and the Royal Dynasty, especially in the Sejm. The gradual and peaceful process of resettlement of Kaunas, Vilnius, Trakai and Kernavė with highly motivated Polish settlers continues. In the economic realm, growing cottage industries begin to develop, such as iron working and wool trading in the burgeoning burghs, and animal husbandry continues to displace grain farming. To keep trade moving, Jews are not persecuted and taxes on goods are lowered, to make smuggling unprofitable. Krakow, Warsaw, Poznan, Bydgoszcz, Lublin, Lwow, Warszawa, Kaunas, Vilnius, Trakai, Kernavė, Kiev, Minsk and Chernigov experience a vast growth and increase in trade, attributed to a combination of lower taxes along with Jew money lending practices being de facto allowed and not persecuted. We begin to spread disconent within the Grand Boyardom of Russia sensing that their collapse is inevitable, only trying to speed it up. Many notable scholars as per King's orders, continue to work in the Slavonic language, to fix any grammatical and spelling errors. More books are published on the Slavonic language.  We attempt to negotiate with Vasili the Impaler to let us keep Ruthenian areas in Bukovina in exchange we shall give him the rest of Moldavia and help him against his enemies, the Hungarians and the Ottomans to unite Romania, stating that we only wish for a strong buffer state with the Otties and do not wish to influence future Romania in any kind. (MOD RESPONSE) 
 * Moldavia: Voivode Ilias Musat focuses on consolidating the interior of the nation. In the economic realm, growing cottage industries begin to develop, such as iron working and wool trading in the burgeoning burghs, and animal husbandry continues to displace grain farming. To keep trade moving, Jews are not persecuted and taxes on goods are lowered, to make smuggling unprofitable. Suczawa experiences a vast growth and increase in trade, attributed to a combination of lower taxes along with Jew money lending practices being de facto allowed and not persecuted. A series of garrison forts are maintained along the border of the Ottoman Empire, the largest of the forts is Fort Jagiello, and being quarter walled with duct trenches and heavy palisades defending the reinforced stone that lay behind it. Fort Jagiello being a focal point to the Polish efforts to stop any Ottoman initiatives for expansion into the Polish realm as well as serving to honor and fulfill the 50 year NAP with the Ottoman Empire.
 * Ottoman Dip: We instead request that we work together against the evil Romanians.
 *  Vasili agrees to give the Bukovina Ruthenian regions in exchange for Moldavia and help against the Maygars and Turks. He and the general elite of Romania is however insulted since P-L sees them only as a wall between Poland and infidels. 
 * King Wladyslaw III wishes to restate his true intentions, that he sees Romania as nothing but friends and partners against the infidels and only wishes for a beneficial relationship for both our Great nations. The entire Polish army of 58.000 troops lead by King Wladyslaw III himself comes to the aid of Vasili the Impaler in his campaigns to liberate Romania from Ottomans and Hungarians alike.
 * Papal States: The Inquisition gets down to work cracking down on lax ecclesiastical discipline. The usual punishment is a probationary period after a public penance, during which the cleric must prove that he has changed he ways. If he does not, then he is didmissed from the clerical state, stripped of all benefices, and sent to a strict monastery to do penance. Callixtus sends knowledgable and down-to-earth Dominican preachers to Greece to help calm tensions between Latin and Greek Rites. The Papal Legate to Brandenburg: Informs the Duke that informed and scholarly theological discussions are a valuable part of the life of the Church, but notes that heresy must be condemned. If the Duke has any issues with some elements of the Church's doctrine, he is most welcome to ask the Legate, who has a Doctorate in Theology from a Roman university.


 * Swahili: The nation's income continues to grow, both from increased tariffs and from the Royal Trade Fleet. Our manufacturers expand and make more money. We expand southward to connect our realm. 10,000 local tribesman and foreign settlers became citizens of our nation last year due to our policies of land reclamation and immigration attraction. We continue to train our army. We continue spreading the silver dinar in our lands, now backed by Mtwara Gold. We establish a madrassa (Islamic University) in the city of Mogadishu, which provides learning for Islamic Law and Natural Sciences.
 * Oman: We raise an army of 80,000 men to unite the the Arabian tribes. 30,000 of them are mounted archers, 5000 light cavalry, 20,000 light infantry, and 10,000 dismounted archers, and 15,000 elite heavy infantry. We work on transferring out naval power into a land power, and we begin to conquer the tribes. We are planning to build a new grand capital for our nation.
 * Bahmanid Dip: Ismail Shah enquires about his proposed purchase of Gujarat. (OOC:Warrior, I thought we agreed about this on chat)
 * Omani Diplomacy: We gladly accept this.
 * Gurkani Diplomacy: Sultan Zeeshan Beg sends a letter to the leader of Oman, inviting him to Shia Islam and calling upon him to convert to Zaidism. The Sultan states that Oman should declare the Caliph of Persia as the true Caliph, and should recognize his spiritual and religious authority over Muslims. Sultan Zeeshan states that this action will emancipate the people of Oman, and will also aid Omanin breaking free from Abbasid influence.
 * Duchy of Thuringen: The city guard continues to defend the capital city of Erfurt. Our military grows by adding more recruits each year. We continue to trade a lot with our neighboring states. Farming goes well in our nation this year. The banks are now starting to fix themselves to go back to normal. Monika marries John II of Wurzburg/Tier this year. Ferdinand's first son Randolph is born.
 * Ottoman Empire: We reiterate our request to work with Poland against Romania.Plans are made to free Naples from Italian Control (This is secret) (Mods,the Ottomans want revenge against Italy for stealing their land)
 * Walachia: Fights against Romania saying that they can't steal our land.
 * The Crown of Castile continues its naval expansion, with 300+ ships now making up the Castillian navy. King Henry IV, now 49, begins to show signs of his age, and Sancho begins to take over more of the administrative Duties from his father. His Father still  overseas the Order of the Red Lion, which continues its mission in Morocco to bring about a Christian nation in the formerly Berber Territory. However, in Galacia, a new Lord of Galicia comes to power, Fernando. Fernando has a reputation as a charismatic leader, and is able to gain many followers. Sancho quickly worries about the militarization of Galicia, and to placate Fernando, he is named the new King of Morocco, replacing the recently deceased Beatriz. The development of the "New Castillian" (Spanish) Language continues among the higher class. The spread of new technologies, such as gunpowder and the printing press continue. The printing press in particular increases the number of books and essays in circulation, allowing for the easier spread of new ideas and theories about our world, leading to increased innovation and an increase in the number of universities across Castile
 * Within the Kingdom of Gibraltar  Alfonso I dies without an heir, and the kingdom falls under the rule of the Crown of Castile directly. The Deporation efforts have left the area mostly depopulated of its former Berber population. The nation has a population of 60,000, mostly Christians and mostly Spaniards.
 * Within the Kingdom of Morocco, Beatriz also dies without heir, and in order to placate the lord of Galicia, Sancho names Fernado of Eca the new King of Morocco. The nation's population stands at 700,000 Berbers and 90,000 Christians.
 * Within the Serene Republic of Liguria, the Spinolia family continues to rule. The nation works to restore its former shipyards and ports many of which are still heavily damaged from the Rape of Genoa.
 * Within the Duchy of Athens, Antonio and Isabella are wed, given the nation an heir with Trastámara blood. The nations population experiences a steady growth, with 63,000 citizens. Castile continues to improve the quality of life within the Duchy, placating any revolt from the citizens.


 * Vietnam: Various small improvements are made around the country. Roads are improved, allowing easier transport between cities and villages. Trade routes for precious resources such as opium and silk are established connecting Vietnam to neighboring countries. A draft has been issued so 10,000 or so of Vietnamese citizens have joined an improving navy. Many new cities with strong fortresses have been made.

The Kingdom of Greece supports the Romanian rebels with our army, and wishes to help the Romanians get independence. The Byzantine Emperor's request is accepted, and he will become the Grand Duke of Thessaly as long as he officially cedes Constantinople to Greece. King Henry welcomes the Dominican priests and hopes that they will help calm the Catholic and Orthodox populace.
 * Brandenburg-Luxembourg: Following the signing of the treaty of Cologne and the formal end to hostilities, The beloved Heinrich returns home to a massive celebration recognizing him as the Most notable leader of the Brandenburg since the days of Albert I of Ascania. Having secured the highly prized duchy of Silesia and the territories of Lusatia the Prince-Elector sets about granting the nobles in this lands the same rights and privledges granted under compact of Brandenburg, and major investments are put into trying to connect the newly aquired lnds to the road and trade network of the rest of Heinrich's domains. The Brandenburg religious debates continue with the participation of Papal representatives now leading to more interesting and well thought out debates. development of improvements in the arquebus mechanism continue to be developed. efforts to expand the Silesian mining operations begin as demands for iron in Luxembourg grow for the metal smithies and as demand for quality metal in general grows in Brandenburg itself. expansion of the Navy begins for the first time in years as more ships are commissioned in the ports of Stettin. In an unexpected move Heinrich commissions the creation of a new Shield for his House to finally represent the House of Brandenburg, now legally no longer attached to the previous Senior House of Luxembourg. More to be added later.
 * Mayapan: Diplomats arrive in the Aztec capitol to talk about terms for a trade deal. Expansion continues along the southern western borders. Integration of the southern city-states into the League is continued by the High Council. Each new state is expected to supply men to train and serve in the national army. The council seeks to improve commerce and communication between the many settlements of the Yucatan by constructing and maintaining roads between them. Work continues to renovate and update existing buildings, roads and to create plans for future upkeep and renovations.
 * Kingdom of England and Scotland: More population movements and deportations occur in Scotland and England occur with 3000 more people exchanged and the Royal Casltes becoming bastions for royal support. Another ten ships are produced at Portsmouth by the navy for the use of the Crown's personal fleet while Elizabeth of York's hand is offered to someone worth marrying. More work on the construction of schools and the printing workshops to build up the two libaries of England.
 * Bahmanids: Ismail Shah finds the rumors of a Majapahit military buildup disturbing. He orders fortified dockyards to be built for the fleet to retreat to if necassary. He gladly welcomes Gujarat back into our hands with a large celebration. Now Sind is connected to the rest of the empire. Ismail Shah's attention, however, is on his son, Muhammad Shah. Ismail begins to train him in leadership and statecraft.
 * Kingdom of Burma: In compliance with a directive from Ismail, the army and navy are increased. Binnya Dala allows the Gunturists currently in the country to worship, but makes excuses toward the other missionaries arriving at his borders. Gunturist refugees from our neighbors are turned away, Binnya Dala calling it an internal affair of the nations involved.
 * Ahom Kingdom: Susenphaa orders improvements of road networks throughout the kingdom. Libraries and schools are improved, and the University of Charade is further expanded. The University of Jorhat is established.
 * Kingdom of France: With the death of Louis XI in 1455, his last living son is coronated and crowned King Charles VII of France and Navarre in Paris. After Charles VII and his steward travel and survey the kingdom, it is determined that the population of France to number around twenty million. With the death of Isabella of Lorraine, her son and heir to the French throne becomes the Duke of Lorraine. This makes Lorraine a de facto vassal of France (Sky approved). More to Come ...
 * Benin: Benin continues to expand its printing presses in the major cities across the empire, with the Oba sponsoring their expansion in the nation. The copying of many scientific texts continues as the desire to know more about the physical world and the laws governing it grow within the middle-class of Benin. Prince Uwaifiokun dies of natural causes in his residence in the capital city of Edo, drawing tens of thousands to the city to pay their respects. Attending the funeral are Oba Isikhuan, Uwaifiokun's eldest son Enekirighidi, and the second-eldest son of Ewuare, Prince Usiobaifo. With the death of his uncle and Iyase, Oba Isikhuan has announced that Enekirighidi shall be replacing his father as the commander of Benin's military forces. Iyase Enekirighidi immediately goes to Niani to mourn his father in private, bringing with him his family and closes confidants. He is expected to manage military affairs from the city for an unspecified amount of time, while back in Edo, the Oba commissions the creation of a biography detailing the exploits of Uwaifiokun throughout the rise of the empire. Elsewhere, Bini settlers march into the uncultivated lands west of the Oro province, expanding their lands by 20,000 kilometers, and dealing harshly with any of the natives. The few tribals encountered by the Bini warriors are exterminated, and the land cleared for settlement by the Bini people. The agricultural development of the lands in the newly settled becomes a priority after the odi are built and garrisons are moved into the region to secure the territories. Cocoa farming has increased greatly as the demand for the product has grown at home and overseas. Expansion of Benin's core road networks are made, with the width of the main roads from Edo to the cities of Eko and Enugu expanded to allow for more traffic, and the number of lodges and taverns along the road expanded to allow for more merchants to rest and refresh before continuing on with their journeys. The printing of the Iwe ti Iwo continues, allowing for the Kuzir population to understand deeply the teachings of Ewuare, as well as allowing for more converts as missionaries can take copies of the holy text with them into their preaching territories. With the clear and simple teachings of the doctrine, there exists no excuse for the bastardization of the religion by polytheists and pagans. Through the use of patience and loving guidance, the missionaries are able to explain in simplistic detail the Kuzir doctrines and the expectations of those within the religion. The Oba and the uzama announce the formation of the Ijoba Ona, or "Imperial Way", a national transportation network with standardized rates for passengers and mailing services, so as to streamline communication and transportation throughout Benin. The current rates for those seeking transport from Benin to Eko are two mina per person, a reasonable rate for those who have the means to travel frequently. Further developments in astronomy, biology, and medicine continue in Benin, as the growth of the intellectual community in the empire expands with the aid of the printing press and the scientific documents taken from Timbuktu nearly forty years ago.
 * In Austria Aater the death of his father late last year, Ferdinand is crowned Archduke by the Archbishop of Salsberg early in january. His first buisness is to prepare for his eventual ascension to the throne of Hungary, as well as work to assimilate Wurttemberg into his realms. He is still looking for a wife, and thinks to perhaps ask to legitimize one of his bastard children if he does not wed ...
 * Brandenburgish Dip: Heinrich offers his daughter Johanna von Brandenburg, as a bride to the archduke to cement the new alliance with Austria.
 * Ethiopia: Zera pushes to centralize the nation and qualifed memebers of society are sent to one of the two provincal captials and work out betters ways to improve the provinces. Zera expects the working population to increase by 25% in 15 years. The attendance of church schools increases in the urban centers, so priest are sent to rural areas and educate children around sun down. Zera ask the ruler of Benin if he has any available young female relatives for his eight-year-old son Baram. The nile river trade is booming, but only up to Khartoum, Zera expects to have access to the rest son enough.
 * Bini Diplomacy: We have a young maiden who may be betrothed. She is Tiosa, daughter of Prince Enekirighidi. The child is seven years old and of good health. However, we do not marry into non-Kuzir households. If you were of Kuzir faith, we would be delighted to marry off one of our own as a sign of friendship between our two nations.
 * Ethiopian Diplomacy: We offer to send Baram to Benin for four years to learn the ways of Kuzir and upon his final day he will decide which faith to follow.
 * Bini Diplomacy: That is acceptable. Should he decide to follow the ways of Kuzirism, he shall be permitted to marry Tiosa upon the fourth year of his studies.
 * Ethiopian Diplomacy: He shall arrive by next year.
 * Iroquois Confederacy: In Catcodoga (OTL Quebec), the first longhouses are completed and work begins on docks for the barges, with construction of the wall finishing next year. A few of the braves that traded in the northern region had learned the language of the Beothuk people, who are sent as delegates to reopen the trade routes. On the Maumee River, forts are expanded to better defend the border from northern invaders. To better provide for his people, Chief Apenimon sends hunting parties north, into Cree territory with clearance to raid any settlements they come across. Due to the seemingly constant increase in trade, Apenimon has ports built along the Ohio River and the St. Lawrence. These ports will have a place for the barges to dock and will provide traders with a place to sleep and get off the water. All ports are manned by a small number of braves, mainly to keep supplies stocked. For the Atlantic and Chesapeake Bay trade, a new kind of barge is developed. They're slightly bigger to accommodate a hide shelter, similar to the teepee's of the western tribes, but much smaller (kind of like a teepee/lean-to hybrid). These new barges will allow traders to at least have shelter while traveling greater distances.
 * Tui Tonga Empire:  Tu'i Tong Havea continues his glorious rule over the Tu'i Tonga Empire. Under his rule agriculture begins to grow with coconuts used for both their Milk and their shells for Compasses. Vanilla beans used in Food Stuff. Bananas are harvested from forests and farms. Native Squash begins to become a staple on the main islands. Common Place Growing of frangipani continues not only grown because of their beaututy and supposedly health bringing smell they attract Moths which are often used by the common man as treat. Leading to the name kua'āina Alii (Poor man's chief). Cultivation of swiftlets nests in far blown regions of the empire begin with a man accidently discovering the delicousness of the nest when he accidently boiled the nest when he intended to boil swiftlet eggs. In some areas of the empire the Peka (Fruit bat) is used to find delicious food. Growing of Pandanus trees is also common in the empire with various methods of preparation of thr Pandanus fruit existing. Fisherman who travel from island to island to sell their goods where they fish is as far flung as OTL Samoa and Fiji (mods before you get on my case about this keep in mind the Grandfather of my current Tu'i Tong was assainated by a Fijian and there was Tu'i Tongs who were held captive in Samoa.) Eua kept as a holy place where the Eua a bird said to bring news from the earth gods lives, is where yearly the royals collect eggs from the sands of Niuafo'ou which are used for a Holy food and Ceremonies. A central religion begins to form around the worship of Tu'i tong and his wife. The belief that the creator gods Tu'a Eua and Tu'e Tong created the polynesian islands persists and that all polynesian people are the ones created by Tu'a Eua and Tu'e Tong. However the central belief is that the Tu'i Tong and his main wife are the incarnations of Tu'a Eua and Tu'e Tong begins and the Tongan are the blessed people of Tu'a Eua and Tu'e Tong's children. Most of the core beliefs held by traditional polynesian paganism persists. However the new belief is that is the destiny and job of the tongan to unify the polynesian islands under their rule. The Tu'i Tong orders 30 long distance war canoes to be built by the end of the year. The capitol Mu'a continues to grow with the imperial palace being the epicenter of the city. We begin to consolidate our control over Viti Levu (aka the OTL Fiji islad chain) and the farther reaches of our empire. We begin to bring the Fijians samoans and other groups into the fold of the Tongan people as one of the blessed. A small settlement is founded by a Tongan group of Ma kanai or settlers dedicated to acheiving the goal of Tu'i religion founds a small fishing village on one of the islands of OTL white sands. In order to make sure the Ideals of the the Tu'i religion a proto writing system is proposed by a scholar of the Tu'i Tonga in order to write stuff down. Mostly engraved on Leafs of the Tropical trees a Picto writing system begins to form. In order for more dedicated knowledge of the empire Tu'i Tonga Havea creates a system of governmential adminstration handled by the Kapua mea kamaʻilio or scholars/elder advisors of the Tu'i Tonga.
 * One does not simplya "make a writing system" or a "governmental administration"

1457
 Aymara form a central government and society by copying the culture of Runorqo 

''' A radical group of Ismali pirates sets two galleys on fire laden with gunpowder and ram them into the port at Athens, in protest of the occupation of Constantinople. This results in the death of almost 300 '''

''' A group of nobles in Ming China, aggrivated by years of favoring barbarians over people in the Middle Kingdom, gather an army in rebellion of the Emperor under general Xinlan Liu. Liu declares the Emperor has lost the Mandate of Heaven, and one third of the military comes to his banner. Another fifth of the military remains undecided in their allegience '''

 The former Mongol leaders gather support to take over the vassal of Mongolia, pushing the Chinese back out 

 Buddhists continue to perescute Gunterists in Southeast Asia, mostly in the rural regions of the Khmer Empire


 * Portugal: Naval expansion, exploration continue. Walls continue to be bulit in cities thorughout the nation.
 * Ngarrindjeri:  With the abundant bounty of food being produced and sold to the nations around them, the tribe begins taking leigurely time off for alternate activities. As the population continues to increase, some people take to administrative or congregational jobs, while others begin traveling abroad to trade the yams, taro, and sugurcanes to neighboring lands. People begin meeting regularly to hear Dreamspeakers tell many tales of the First Ones, conveying their story through stone paintings. Larger canoes also begin to be constructed to increase fishing further from the coast. The Red Kangaroo raised earlier have now grown with their malformity, and begin to be bread with other kangaroo of similar mutation to increase this trait.OshidaPurchaseMap_PMIV.pngDelhi Sultanate: We continue to build up our military and strengthen our economy, striking new trade deals both inside and outside of the Sultanate. We continue to guard Agra and Delhi.
 * Delhi diplomacy: In an attempt to gain Delhian access to the sea, the Sultan once again proposes to Bengal to purchase the southern strip of coastal land (as shown on the map) for a proposed ten million rupees.  (MOD RESPONSE)  He also notifies Bengal that Delhi is willing to negotiate the price of the land
 * Duchy of Thuringen: The city guard continues to defend the capital city of Erfurt. Our military grows by adding more recruits each year. We continue to trade a lot with our neighboring states. Farming goes well in our nation this year. Peace is upon our nation since Europe is currently not going through any typ of wars and such. Our citizens are happy with the current situation of our nation. The banks are the last thing in our nation to come back to normal.