1430-1439 (Principia Moderni IV Map Game)

1430
 '''After the death of a young woman in somewhat questionable circumstances by a Muslim soldier, Christians riot in southern Egyptian towns. The Copts try to drive out the local Muslim authorities shortly after, setting the stage for a revolt.'''

 A great famine in central Asia stunts the population of the Gurkani Sultanate and its vassals, threatening the lives of thousands.

 '''After the last couple of years of Benin's internal instability, lack of charismatic leadership, and crushing military defeat to the Songhai, the Kuzir religion begins to distabilize with 60% of the former empire converting to Islam (mostly under Songhai's control), a remaning 25% staying with the Kuzir religion (making a majority in the core of the empire), and the rest returning to the African traditional polytheism (mixed within the core and northern regions). Fearing the lack of popular support, the clerics among the regency council pressures the adolescent Oba to officially abolish the Kuzir religion and return to absolute rule, in hopes of restoring order.'''


 * Complaint moved here. ~Viva
 * I am going to go ahead and retcon this event. As of now, Songhai is still winning the algo and Benin is still instable, but it seems like this is just kicking Viva around when he is down, and as implausible as I may think his religon to be, it has been part of the game for 10+ years and is pretty much canon. If the mods want to get rid of it, than we can discuss more resonable ways to do things. ~Edge

 '''Revolts by Hussites dissatisfied with the peace accord break out in North Germany and Bohemia, but these incidents are small and are largely quelled by the end of the year. Some are fearful, however, that the scars of the recent Hussite conflict will take longer to heal than it may first appeared.'''


 * Duchy of Burgundy: integration of Namur into the Burgundian Netherlands proceeded smoothly, with seats for Namurian delegates added in the States General meeting hall in Brussels, Brabant, and the new territory's laws are brought in line with the standard for the Burgundian territories. The Hussite dissension is looked at with concern, and the situation will remain under observation if it spirals out of control. Duke Philip assures Brandenburg that he will stand by them again should they rebel.


 * The Gurkani Sultanate: Amir Shahrukh Mirza was proclaimed as the sultan of the Sultanate, starting a new era under his rule. The Gurkani population rose to about 52 million with the people flocking to cities like Herat, Isfahan, Merv, Aktau, Samarkand and Iskenderun; primarily due to their strategic position in the spice trade. The military was primarily composed of medium-to-heavy cavalry, composite bow, lance, mace, and sword. Heavy cavalrymen wore plated chain mail or metal lamellar armor, with their horses also wearing leather or metal lamellar barding. The infantry was equipped with daggers and swords to be utilised in close combat against the enemy and elephants as well as carts were used for the transportation of supplies. Cannons were constructed to serve as siege weaponry whilst experimental muskets were beginning to be developed. Naval bases were established at Iskenderun, Trabzon and Gamrun to establish the presence of the Gurkani fleet in the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea and the Persian Gulf respectively, keen on controlling the sudden surge in piracy. The Gurkani Navy developed galleys and carracks to augment the smaller patrol fleets. Agriculture and commerce were at the Sultanates forepoint, with wheat, rice and barley being amongst the largest produced crops. Fishery was promoted as well as it helped in sustaining the fishery villages that were present along the coast, as well as the major port cities of Iskenderun, Basra, Gamrun, Aktau and Trabzon. The Sultanate mined large amounts of silver and gold, to serve as currency as well as ornaments and jewellery. Importance was also given on the development of proper roads for the merchants utilizing the trade routes through the Sultanate. Meanwhile, the Sultanate continued to expand its territories into the Persian Gulf island, Caucasus and toward Siberia. With a major famine taking place, the sultan ordered the Bait-ul-Maal to direct state revenue toward purchasing wheat and grain for the people in the famine-stricken regions. Reserves present in the royal treasury were utilized to aid the poor, with the Amirs of each Wiyalet establishing langars for the people. To further ease any tensions, the Dewan appointed for the famine-strucken provinces were ordered to temporarily refrain from burdening the poor and to relax taxation. The sultan also declared a nationwide ban upon the export of crops, with the death penalty issued for any merchant doing so. These laws and actions are carried out simultaneously in Jalayirid and Trabzon territories as well.
 * Jalayirid Sultanate: Sultana Rukhsana Daula continued her reign over the Sultanate. Acting as a vassal to the Gurkani Sultanate, she would only be answerable to the Gurkani Amir. The military and the navy were developed along the same lines as their Gurkani counterparts, with a major naval base constructed at Iskenderun where the Jalayirid fleet was also situated. Jalayirid authorities continue to work on the construction of a fleet at İskenderun, working side by side with Castilian authorities. The Jalayirid Sultana, Rukhsana Daula would continue to develop the trade route leading from his Mediterranean port of İskenderun to his Persian Gulf port of Basra, hoping to make it much more advanced and efficient. Rukhsana Daula, Shahrukh's daughter continued her control over the Sultanate as the Queen Regent, strengthening ties with the Gurkani Sultanate. 
 * Khedivate of Trabzon: Amir Alexios IV Komnenos continued his reign over the Sultanate. Acting as a vassal to the Gurkani Sultanate, he would only be answerable to the Gurkani Amir. The military and the navy were developed along the same lines as their Gurkani counterparts, with a major naval base constructed at the city of Trabzon, where the Trabzon fleet was also situated. Trabzoni authorities continue to work on the construction of a fleet at Trabzon, working side by side with Castilian authorities. The Trabzon Amir, Alexios IV Komnenos would continue to develop the trade route leading from his Black Sea port of Trabzon, connecting it to the city of Tabriz, hoping to make the spice trade routes much more advanced and efficient.


 * The Crown of Aragon: Continues preparations for an invasion of Naples, and the King asserts his claim as the rightful Sovereign of the Two Sicilies. The Royal Armada grows further still, reaching 250 ships this year. We believe that 500 ships will be a good target for the end of the next decade. Research into hand cannons continue, and the first Bricbarcas are to be built in the next five years. Surveillance of the Neapolitan coast continues in preparation for the invasion, and our navy begins making manoeuvres off the Sardinian coast. We notify Genoa of these manoeuvres, and inform them that they are only exercises; Corsica is in no danger. We also dispatch a new governor to our fief in Rousillon.


 * Abbasid Caliphate: Toward the end of Al-M'utadid's reign, the Caliphate continued to enjoy massive growth both economically and structurally. The Library of Alexandria grew to almost its greatest extent incorporating texts from both Europe and East Asia. The military also continues to improve, with a sizable navy now constructed within the Red Sea. However, this was all broken by a sudden revolt of thousands of Egyptians from the south. Since the election of a new pope, the Coptic Church rallied in hopes of overthrowing the perceived corrupt leadership of Islam. Additionally, the harsh judicial system of Al-M'utadid greatly frustrated the common people of the land, some of whom sympathized with the lost Turkish people. After the beautiful woman, St. Maryum Al-Nasr, was found dead in the street of Herekropolis, a large number of riots gathered to start their rebellion. Greatly enraged by this, Al-M'utadid sent his army of thousands to crush this revolt at the siege of Herakropolis, led by Malik Al-Najm, brutally executing the leaders of this rebellion. All those who died in this attack were thereafter canonized as saints in the Coptic Church. Later that year, the Caliph sent the scholar Abdullah ibn Fadlan to visit the court of the King of the Rus in the far north, hoping to re establish an alliance that once existed between the Abbasids and Rus centuries ago.
 * Genoa: Ligurian continues to expand in Corsica and Monteferrat. Genovese arsenal and Bank of St. George continue to expand. Trade in Morocco experiences many goods from places such as Mali and Benin.
 * Due to the Crow ignoring our ultimatum, The Wichita Confederacy declares war on the Crow Confederacy. Our northern regiments are placed under local chiefs and begin raiding the northern Crow villages. Meanwhile, the southern regiments are merged and march toward the main Crow villages with the intent of engaging the main force and killing the chief. More regiments are raised in Texas. All individual units are given permission to do as they please while raiding. (Total war effort: 6000 men) We send word to the Iroquois requesting their aid. We also request a sample of the strange material (iron) in order to study it. A census reveals a population of about 28,000 - including warriors. A mercenary force is formed that other tribe will be able to hire when the Wichita are at peace.
 * Iroquois Dip: Chief Notaku spares 2000 braves to attack the Crow from the east.
 * Iroquois Confederacy: With war looming, Chief Notaku puts a temporary hold on the urabnization project to gather his army. 2000 men leave to support the Wichita in the war against the Crow, lead by the newly appointed War Chief Chogan. They travel south to Wichita and then are to split from the main army and attack the Crow from the East, primarily raiding and forcing the enemy to divide its army. Knowing that his rivals saw his army divide, Chief Notaku orders all civilians to move into the interior. Border security increases and garrisons are increased. Trade continues throughout the northern and southern territories but decreases throughout the west.
 * Cologne: Archbishop Dietrich II watches the reforms from Essen begin to spread and reiterates his request for Sweden, Brandenburg, Holland and Hamburg to establish a Court of Discipline and generally accept Adelphinian Reforms. Meanwhile, the archbishop continues to fund the construction of further trading ports along the Rhine and weapons centres in Westphalen.
 * Essen: The Abbess of Essen sincerely thanks the governments of Berg, Mark and Julich for accepting the reforms and promptly sends two canonesses to each of the countries to officially give lectures and reside permanently in the main cities of each country. A Court of Discipline is established in each country, and misbehaving clergy members begin to be exiled on mercy pleas. Furthermore, each of these regions becomes more and more peaceful as time goes on. Finally, the churches in these countries – in accordance with the Adelphinian Reforms – are advised to place a greater emphasis on charitable measures, and fill abbeys with canonesses regular and nuns rather than secular canonesses.
 * Burgundian dip: Duke Philip, acting in his capacity as Count of Holland, acknowledges the request, and writes back that the reforms will be looked into.
 * The Kingdom of England: King Henry V sees to an increase in troops being sent to Denmark, in order to secure trade, and secure a close alliance between the two nations. England increases its military and economy, and continues to push against the Kingdom of Scotland and wages war repeatedly against them. England sends representatives to France  in an attempt to increases relations, asking to increases trade with each other. The economy back in the mainland of England surges and booms while the war lays far on the enemy's homefront. The presence of the English navy increases in the English channel, as French trade is strengthened, making sure to secure that profit margin for the economy.
 * Wales: As King Henry V invests more effort into Wales, the area continues to urbanize and recover from the short duration of Welsh rule as the principality didn't do much, the English rule is more than successful. Wales increases their military and navy, and the ships control the Kingdom Isles now navaly. Soldiers are sent to England to help with the war.
 * Dublin: Irish ships patrol English waters in the northwest, and southwest of England. Dublin increases its military and economy. Dublin begins to become more of a trade and population hub for Ireland, even though under English control, Irish peasants and villagers slowly migrate to Dublin. England deems them rights as citizens if they swear to the English crown, and pay a very small tax for their first five years as citizens. Troops now remain in Dublin, as it becomes a larger city, and defenses are refortified in the city. Money and resources are sent to England to help continue the war against Scotland.
 * Order of Knights Hospitaller: More Knights and Sergeants Tertiary arrive in Crete and Rhodes, whilst many take up Tertiary-ship in Europe whilst maintaining their secular jobs and merely making a set annual contribution to the upkeep of the Order. The Admiral of the Order's navy orders that all these new recruits be trained in the art of seamanship and naval combat. To that end, three small training ships are built. In foreign affairs, Grand Master Jean reiterates his suggestion to the pope, that to dispel any dissatisfaction with the reunion, the Latin, Eastern, and Hussite sections of the Church act as separate rites, each with its own patriarch (but naturally with the pope as supreme leader [like the OTL situation with the Eastern Catholic Churches]). That way, Jean suggests, dissatisfied members of all three parts of the Church will feel as though nothing much has changed.
 * Mogadishu: The nation's income continues to grow, both from increased tariffs and from the Royal Trade Fleet. Our manufacturers expand and make more money. We further expand toward the Jubba River, as canals, dikes and ditches are being built. The land surrounding the Jubba-Shebelle Rivers becomes more fertile. 10,000 local tribesman and foreign settlers became citizens of our nation last year due to our policies of land reclamation and immigration attraction. We begin to build guns and cannons using the blast furnaces China had given us. We continue to train our army and navy. Our navy begins to actively patrol the Zanzibarian waters.
 * Duchy of Thuringen: The city guard continues to defend the capital city of Erfurt. Our military grows by adding more recruits each year. We continue to trade again with our neighboring states. Farming goes well in our nation this year. The healthy population continues to increase by 3% each year. Karsten's improvement in the training area is continuing to show off. Karsten continues his education at the University of Erfurt. Our eastern and northern borders become closed again since the Hussites become violent once again.
 * Grand Boyardom of Russia: The trade routes through the lands continue to undergo construction. Though progress must stop each winter, Russia enjoys increased trade, especially in the Baltics, as guard ships patrol the area to protect trade routes from pirates and military ships with the gall to attack merchants. The First Fleet sees the construction of several ships, several of which are meant simply to break up ice along major trade routes. The river fleets see extensive additions as well, as retired ships from the First Fleet make their way to the rivers. The Second Fleet sees rennovation as well as Russia buys old merchant ships and patrol ships from Genoa. The old Timurid and Astrakhanate ships seized in the battle of Rostov-on-Don are also put to good use. Fur trapping and iron trading continue to bolster Russia's economy. Fortifications to Rostov-on-Don and Moscow are added to the area, with guard towers being constructed along especially vital regions of the trade routes. Russia also begins to replicate cannons and other gunpowder-based weaponry left behind from the Mongolians and from the Timurids, with limited success. Weapons and armor are produced for the army, which undergoes some rennovation. The Boyars and Princes consider revamping the military structure altogether. The city guard in Moscow and Rostov-on-Don are established. In Novgorod, an Orthodox monk opens a brewery near the merchants' quarters, which makes him a small fortune in the few months that it's in operation this year. His monastery's beer quickly becomes popular in Novgorod. In other news, Russia continues expansion in the Caucasus region, especially along the Baltic Sea.
 * Principalities of Siberia: In the warmer months, expansion of the trade routes and the states themselves continues. Eastward expansion continues to be Siberia's major focus as they work on wrapping around what remains of the Golden Horde. In the meantime, a major route into the Boyardom is about halfway done. Used arms and armor make their way into Siberian lands from Russia.
 * Duchy of Milan and Savoy: The Duchy is concerned by Aragonese aggression. As they make overzealous claims and troop movements we chose to ignore them as Milan has greatly enjoyed the peace and has profited from it much so the Duke Gian Maria decides to focus on his growing network of art and finally views a series of models of prospective cathedrals and turns them down deciding to focus on the growing school of Milan. More artwork devoted to God is produced with new Teodosio Giosuè creating the Christening which is a large painting of Jesus being christened.
 * Chimu Empire: The Empire halts expansion, and begins focusing more on internal infratrucure, connecting the former nations within the Empire together with the Chimu hearltand. More reed ships are developed, being able to carry about 30 tons and travel safely along coastal waters, allowing the expansion of trade between parts of the Empire and increasing the amount of co-dependance between the empire as a whole. Similiar Quzco practices begin to be integrated into the national culture, with the culture, even though conquered, having a signifigant impact on the way things occur and run in the Empire. One of the Inca daughters of the former ruler is married to the Emperor, giving them a son who is named Ica Tona. Work on metal working continues, and strong and effective arrowheads become feasable, as do small daggers, though they are still being mastered.


 * Ahom Kingdom. Suphakphaa orders further improvements to the well-trained Assamese army. The Ganesha Divison is dissolved and its 15 elephants are split evenly among the three army divisions.


 * Eric of Pomerania, King of Denmark: A new year and a new decade has descended upon humanity, 1430 and my daughter, Princess Emma of Denmark turns 18 and becomes a full fledged adult, and my tutoring of her ends. I embrace Emma and I am filled with joy and we celebrate her birthday . With Emma turning 18 I officially make Denmark a hereditary monarchy and I officially coronate Princess Emma as the Crown Princess of Denmark now she decides who to marry, and Crown Princess Emma of Denmark decides to marry Prince Mikkael of Norway, for the Gyldenloves were loyal to Denmark during the Swedish rebellion and now we enter a dynastic union with Norway under a Personal Union and there is a massive celebration in the rebuilt and expanded Copenhagen for Emma's 18th birthday, her wedding, and the completion of the University of Copenhagen. This massive celebration attracts the greatest minds from all of Europe and they pour into Copenhagen.
 * Teutonic Order: Grand Master Ulrich falls ill from a fever and is bedridden. Prayers are given by the Knight-Brothers to speed his recovery but already the elective council of the Teutonic Order has been sending correspondance back and forth to figure out a successor due to the perceive failures of Ulrich to truly guide the Order during these outbreaks of heresy in Central Europe. Most agree that Paul von Rusdorf, a noble from Saxony, would be best to lead the order due to his more learnt nature to guide Order theology in these times of trouble. Most do not, however, consider offing Ulrich just yet, believing that the fever will probably end him anyway as it ended his brother previously.
 * Totonacapan: We continue to expand to the south, building fortresses and towns to keep the new areas under our control. Hearing of the Chimu Empire, we contact them and share our technologies with them, taking designs on the wheel and mortar in return. We brake our alliance with Cempoala after they ignored our threats and offers to join us peacefully. King Tepictoton aspires to become de facto king of all Totonac people but Cempoala defying his authority stands in the way. We invade Cempoala with 4000 troops heading to their capital. We ask our allies the Mayapan for military assistance against Cempoala as we previously agreed.
 * Papal States: The Papal States is concerned with the Hussite uprisings but is pleased that they have been quickly put down, and promises that the agreements made will still be held in account, but also warns that those that deviate from those agreements will face appropriate punishment. The military of the Papal States within Italy is now of sufficient strength again. While there is no clear threat in Italy, the forces are ready to combat one if it arises and if they need to be sent elsewhere to fight other enemies of God.
 * Constantinople sees further reconstruction, and trade is now a good part of the city's activity. The unification of the churches both eases the strain of occupation yet adds to it, as not all are pleased with the outcome. Peace still reigns the streets, but it is not yet certain how the Orthodox population will adhere to all the commands of the Catholic occupiers even as they are formally one.
 * Kingdom of France: The ambitious King Louis XI continues to rule with the desire to further centralize the lands of France. With the death of Louis as Archbishop and Duke of Bar, René, son of the deceased Duke of Provence, inherits the Duchy. Although informally a vassal of France, Louis IX asks for an oath of vassalage from the twenty-one year old (and secretly promises to pursue his claims in Naples)  (MOD RESPONSE) . The settlement of Chauleaux continues to be developed with the royal palace, a harbor, and farms. The settlement has come to consist of muslim peasant families and French merchants. Louis sends his younger brother, John, to visit the Abbasid Caliphate and gain more Christian knowledge of places like Algiers, Tunis, Cairo, and Mecca, and plans for it to be at least a ten year trip. With funds from the Taille, Louis XI continues to create a small French navy. He continues building a small Mediterranean fleet consisting of cogs and galleys, by no means a fighting force, but one that would be able to transport the French army throughout the Mediterranean. Hearing about the discovery of more islands to the west, Louis continues to fund research to find alternatives to Barques and Balingers to be able to more effectively explore and trade to Asia. The French military continues to improve as the crown also uses the Taille to buy early cannons from Italy and other places in Europe. France continues to improve its army with newer and up-to-date tactics and weapons.
 * René accepts to pledge an oath of vassalage and hopes the promises will be fullfilled.
 * Norway: We celebrate the betrothal of Mikkael to Emma. Inside of the north we continue copper mining to enrich us. Inside of the Islands we continue to develop and gain economic power. Inside of Oslo and Bergen they grow as economic and cultural centers with the Cathedral of St. Olaf being built as well. We begin to "Norwegianify" and Christianize the Saami in the north. Scientae Dei continues to grow as we upgrade our army and navy.
 * Bahmanids: While the scholars at Gulbarga are ordered to look into ways of increasing our own food production, we send food to assist our Gurkani allies in their hour of need. The road network built by Firuz is extended into Khandesh, Malwa, and Gujarat.
 * Ottoman Empire: The sultan works to build schools across the Ottoman Empire and works on hiring people across the state. More Muslims are sent to the South and some Turks are sent to mix with the other Muslims in the areas. The army then is brought back to surround the city while the army tries to gain more troops to replace. With the loss of the city Murad goes into Ankara and works on his army and navy weaponry. The sultan then begins to work on trading with the Thrimids and the Caliphate. Murad begin to send traders pass Thrimid's lands to Afghanistan. The sultan begins to work on making Ankara a new city as Murda said "Better then the other" as he works on making the city a Trading Center.
 * Serbia (Ottoman vassal): The sultan begins to create 1000 more mosques - mostly in the South. More imams are sent to Serbia in hope of converting the population. With the riots across the vassals the government is sent in to stop any riots but the government halts their construction of mosques (but already-built mosques will stay) but Serbian Muslims are recommend to move down south and to spread across the green areas and to populate the area.
 * Wallachia (Ottoman vassal): The sultan begins to create 800 more mosques - mostly in the South, and recruiting peasants for the army. More imams are sent to Serbia in hope of converting the population. The troops are ordered not to fire unless fired upon, the troops begin to work on defenses. The castle is now worked on by peasants. With the riots across the vassals the government is sent in to stop any riots but the government halts their construction of mosques (but already-built mosques will stay) but Wallachian Muslims are recommend to move down south and to spread across the green areas while they are recommended to then populate the area. The area is set up with defenses to stop the crusader army.
 * Epirus (Ottoman vassal): While the state begins to send aid to civilians after Sultan Mehmed is heard saying "Let the Christians, Jews and anyone get food ... so long as they stay with the state.
 * Kuzir Empire: The empire continues its process of rebuilding and dealing with the issues of the previous rebellion. The warriors flush out the remaining rebels in the empire, while the clergy which rebelled against the will of the Oba are executed for the highest form of treason. The instability that wracked the empire has been remedied, and the prince-regent delivers an address to the subjects of the empire, preaching of God's favor on the empire, and that the Kuzir shall overcome their tribulations. He is keen to remind them of the message the martyred Oba Ewuare once preached; Oghodua does not test his people, nor does he will them to be harmed. All that befalls them can only be laid at the feet of fellow humans, wayward as they are. Uwaifiokun continues his speech stating that the Kuzir shall persevere and overcome their adversaries, and that in time, all shall serve by their side as servants of God. In the port cities of Eko, Mahin, Calabari, and Warri, each city builds one of the new Akakan vessels, whose construction was stalled because of the uprisings. Trade with Europe, North Africa and Sofala continues, as does the development of the lands within the empire. Expansion into the Akan lands picks back up, but only at 5000 square kilometers in light of the issues during the internal strife, but the traditional enslavement of the Akan men and the capture of the women and children for Kuzir settlers and warriors continues. The construction of odi and roads have been limited because of the civil war, but the labor force has slowly returned to their work. Edo's population reaches 250,000, while the population of the empire has increased by 8% in the previous decade. The forecast 10% population growth not taking place is blamed on the internal issues, but as things turn around, it is hoped that the next decade will be kinder on the Kuzir people. In light of the reason troubles at home, the Kuzir Empire is seeking a purchasers for the Cape Verde Islands, to focus on local instability.

1431
 Due to prolonged contact with Japan and China in the past, Buddhism begins to appear in Tondo, spreading fastest in the island of Mindanao
 * Tondo already follows both Hinduism and Vajrayana Buddhism, unless you are referring to Mahayana Buddhism, the type mainly practiced in East Asia, this doesn't make sense.
 * It's Mindanao, and it isn't even under the rule of Tondo yet. Mindanao is under Muslim sultanates.

 A rift begins to appear in the Majapahit Empire within the clerics of Gunterism between scholars of the Sundanese and Javanese sects

 The Aztec Empire begins raiding nearby Tlaxcalan cities for humans to sacrifice at Tenotchitlan 

''' The King of Castile is attacked by a wild bird, leaving no harm but seen as a bad omen by many. '''

''' Frustrated by the difficult terrain and slow travel for caravans heading to areas hit by the famine, many in Central Asia begin to seethe with discontent. This only intensifies as bands of raiders begin attacking the food caravans, making off with their valuable contents before they can reach the major cities. '''


 * ​Complaint regarding this Mod Event has been posted here ~Rimp


 * The Gurkani Sultanate:  Amir Shahrukh Mirza was proclaimed as the sultan of the Sultanate, starting a new era under his rule. The Gurkani population rose to about 52 million with the people flocking to cities like Herat, Isfahan, Merv, Aktau, Samarkand and Iskenderun; primarily due to their strategic position in the spice trade. The military was primarily composed of medium-to-heavy cavalry, composite bow, lance, mace, and sword. Heavy cavalrymen wore plated chain mail or metal lamellar armor, with their horses also wearing leather or metal lamellar barding. The infantry was equipped with daggers and swords to be utilised in close combat against the enemy and elephants as well as carts were used for the transportation of supplies. Cannons were constructed to serve as siege weaponry whilst experimental muskets were beginning to be developed. Naval bases were established at Iskenderun, Trabzon and Gamrun to establish the presence of the Gurkani fleet in the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea and the Persian Gulf respectively, keen on controlling the sudden surge in piracy. The Gurkani Navy developed galleys and carracks to augment the smaller patrol fleets. Agriculture and commerce were at the Sultanates forepoint, with wheat, rice and barley being amongst the largest produced crops. Fishery was promoted as well as it helped in sustaining the fishery villages that were present along the coast, as well as the major port cities of Iskenderun, Basra, Gamrun, Aktau and Trabzon. The Sultanate mined large amounts of silver and gold, to serve as currency as well as ornaments and jewellery. Importance was also given on the development of proper roads for the merchants utilizing the trade routes through the Sultanate. Meanwhile, the Sultanate continued to expand its territories into the Persian Gulf island, Caucasus and toward Siberia.  With a major famine taking place, the sultan ordered the Bait-ul-Maal to direct state revenue toward purchasing wheat and grain for the people in the famine-stricken regions. Reserves present in the royal treasury were utilized to aid the poor, with the Amirs of each Wiyalet establishing langars for the people. To further ease any tensions, the Dewan appointed for the famine-strucken provinces were ordered to temporarily refrain from burdening the poor and to relax the taxation. The sultan also declared a nationwide ban upon the export of crops, with the death penalty issued for any merchant doing so. These laws and actions are carried out simultaneously in Jalayirid and Trabzon territories as well. After hearing news of repeated attacks upon cavarans carrying food, the Sultanate began to arm the caravans; escorting soldiers to defend the caravans from raiders. 
 * Jalayirid Sultanate: Sultana Rukhsana Daula continued her reign over the Sultanate. Acting as a vassal to the Gurkani Sultanate, she would only be answerable to the Gurkani Amir. The military and the navy were developed along the same lines as their Gurkani counterparts, with a major naval base constructed at Iskenderun where the Jalayirid fleet was also situated. Jalayirid authorities continue to work on the construction of a fleet at İskenderun, working side by side with Castilian authorities. The Jalayirid Sultana, Rukhsana Daula would continue to develop the trade route leading from his Mediterranean port of İskenderun to his Persian Gulf port of Basra, hoping to make it much more advanced and efficient. Rukhsana Daula, Shahrukh's daughter continued her control over the Sultanate as the Queen Regent, strengthening ties with the Gurkani Sultanate. 
 * Khedivate of Trabzon: Amir Alexios IV Komnenos continued his reign over the Sultanate. Acting as a vassal to the Gurkani Sultanate, he would only be answerable to the Gurkani Amir. The military and the navy were developed along the same lines as their Gurkani counterparts, with a major naval base constructed at the city of Trabzon, where the Trabzon fleet was also situated. Trabzoni authorities continue to work on the construction of a fleet at Trabzon, working side by side with Castilian authorities. The Trabzon Amir, Alexios IV Komnenos would continue to develop the trade route leading from his Black Sea port of Trabzon, connecting it to the city of Tabriz, hoping to make the spice trade routes much more advanced and efficient.
 * Abbasid Caliphate: After all the stringent and terrible acts of that stern Caliph Al-M'utadid, his ultimate fate remains largely ignominious. According to legend, Al-M'utadid died in a game of chess, one of the finer trinkets picked up from the far east. When playing chess with his one of his sons, Al-M'utadid suddenly saw he was going to lose this farce of a battle, so enraged he stood up to strike his son on the head. But, before he could deliver the tyrannical blow, the Caliph suffered a major stroke and collapsed on the table, dying within hours. His brother, Al-Mustansir, was then given the seal officiating him as the next in line from the Prophet. Taking the throne, Al-Mustansir agreed with all the opinions of his late brother, but saw the Copts who lately betrayed the Caliph as the ultimate threat to Egypt. Pope John XXIII, contnent to lead the Christian scholars in Alexandria, denied any involvement with the revolt last year. Instead, Mustansir began preparing a military campaign southward into Africa, as well as building a navy within the Red Sea instead of focusing in the Mediterranean. The new Caliph Al-Mustansir III entertains the minister of France in Damietta, hoping to open up a closer relationship with the Abbasids to the powers of Europe. 
 * Korea: Continues development as a centralised command economy under the monarch Yi Do. The role of nobility in society continues to decline, as many different castes now perform as civil servants – a role previously reserved to the yangban. The role of women continues to return to the pre–Confucian Goryeo and Silla eras, with the reinclusion of women into the tax base and workforce proving to be advantageous to national interests. A vigorous revival of Buddhism under the Yiism sect (which incorporates Confucian values and Korean shamanic rites) continues and Yiist monks and missionaries are dispatched throughout Korea. Those serving as civil workers, and those of the upper castes are encouraged to partake in education; numerous libraries and universities are constructed within the major Korean settlements, equipped with the scholarly texts written in Hangul. Korean metallurgy is further augmented with the erection of more blast furnaces – with the smelted iron being used in the production of high quality armour, tools and weaponry. Mining activities in the Hamgyeong and the Ryojeo province continues providing revenue and raw materials for southern industrial complexes. The Korean capital of Hanseong is fully restored from the fires, filled with grand Chinese-style architecture. The imperial palaces are now upsized to represent to represent the strength of royal rule. To honour his father, Yi Do carves a fifty feet tall statue of him into Mount Namsan in Hanseong. Korea continues vigorous expansion into arable lands north, and northeast into the fertile Amur basin – enlarging the Ryojeo province. The Korean army continues to undergo improvement, as more sophisticated gunpowder weapons are armed to Korean levies.
 * Sweden: We are disappointed of the choice of Lady Emma, but we don't take it as a slight. We continue improving our resources, and send monetary support to England in exchange of opening a Bank of St. Birgitta outpost in London. Seeing as our deal with Holland has ended due to Holland's annexation, we push for closer relations with Burgundy, asking for an alliance. We continue to push North, colonizing more and more of the North. King Kristjen asks for a marriage to Brandenburg of his son and heir, Karl. We continue asking for the restoration of full Hansa rights for Visby (MOD Response pls, waiting since 1403 or something).
 * Hansa rights granted
 * Cologne Dip: Archbishop Dietrich II writes to the government of Sweden, asking that, in a gesture of good faith given the recent peace that has been raised with the Hussites in the Concord of Luxembourg, Sweden adopt the Adelphinian Reforms for their Church and enforce stricter monastic discipline through a Court of Discipline, among other things.
 * Burgundian Dip: Burgundy accepts the alliance.
 * Order of Knights Hospitaller: Work continues on the navy, and the new Tertiaries are becoming more and more proficient in seamanship. Relations with the Orthodox locals have improved somewhat since the reunification of the churches, but distrust remains. Grand Master Jean reiterates his suggestion to the pope, that to dispel any dissatisfaction with the reunion, the Latin, Eastern, and Hussite sections of the Church act as separate rites, each with its own patriarch (but naturally with the pope as supreme leader [like the OTL situation with the Eastern Catholic Churches]). That way, Jean suggests, dissatisfied members of all three parts of the Church will feel as though nothing much has changed.
 * Mogadishu: The nation's income continues to grow, both from increased tariffs and from the Royal Trade Fleet. Our manufacturers expand and make more money. We further expand toward the Jubba River, as canals, dikes and ditches are being built. The land surrounding the Jubba-Shebelle Rivers becomes more fertile. 10,000 local tribesman and foreign settlers became citizens of our nation last year due to our policies of land reclamation and immigration attraction. We begin to build guns and cannons using the blast furnaces China had given us. We continue to train our army and navy. Our navy begins to actively patrol the Zanzibarian waters. We invade Comoros and ask Bahmanis for help.
 * Cologne: The archbishop is pleased with Burgundy’s response on behalf of Holland and hopes to receive news of a successful acceptance of Adelphinian Reforms by the end of the year. At that point, Cologne promises to send some of Essen’s canonesses to lead reform in Burgundy/Holland. Meanwhile, two trading ports along the Rhine finish being built from last year and taxes are lowered on all items that are traded through the rudimentary quarantine regime.
 * Essen: This year, Abbess Margarete of Essen spends a lot of time between the infirmary and the abbey, on the streets, talking to passers-by and establishing herself as the People’s Abbess. She has some canonesses write out notices that she personally tacks to doors at main institutions around the town. These notices emphasise the way of the reforms, and often include a biblical quote teaching the people a valuable lesson about the way reform can be helpful. Meanwhile, Prioress Hildegard gives authority to the leaders of the Adelphinian school to found a small university nearby, and uses the money she has from the successful silver trading boom to build this university.
 * Tondo: Declaring victory against Madyas (or Madja-as.), Tondo declares a period of celebration in the country, as Madyas is slowly incorporated into Tondo. Continues to expand south, and sends 6000 settlers to Samar Island across the narrow strait to claim it in the name of Tondo. 12 blast furnaces around the capital are built to augment the increasing iron and metalurgy industries of Tondo and paved roads to and from Maynila are built to connect the Kingdom together. Rajah Gamgang starts to consolidate his power in the capital and orders all political opponents to be a part of the settling process enacted upon Tondo in the nearby islands, primarily to keep them away from seizing or threatening his power. Massive naval expansion in the regard of trade ships and naval craft commence, as Rajah Gambang, fearful of the Japanese ships that escort the tributary vessels heading to Japan, orders the construction and study of these war junks, as the Chinese call them. The fishing fleet expands to 500 boats, while small warships capable of fighting in rivers are increased in number. Five war junks are to be constructed within the year. The first public aklatan (library) opens in Central Maynila to further spread the knowledge gained by the Kingdom. Smaller libraries are planned to be built in Maynila, Kawit and Tacloban Military personnel stands at 28,000 active troops across southern Luzon and 52,000 additional men ready to be conscripted to defend the state. They are armed with swords, shields and armor made from the blast furnaces. Roads in and round Maynila are built, and a town in the south, Kawit, is experiencing rapid population growth as fertile farmlands attract settlers there, along with abundant deposits of minerals in the area. This prompts the Council of Kawit (Kataas-taasang Lupon ng Kawit) to petition Rajah Gambang for a road that connects Kawit to Maynila, thereby attracting more and more settlers. Diyang Kalangitan orders a group of 15 scouts, 50 soldiers and 75 civilians to establish a trading post in northeastern Palawan and another party consisting of 50 soldiers and 50 civilians to settle in Busuanga island. Diyang Kalangitan, after hearing reports of the failed Japanese invasion of Korea, begins to spread further anti-Japanese rhetoric, stating that: "Losing to a protectorate, and you expect the Japanese Empire to protect us? Korea was thought to be a fraction of Japan's might, and yet here we see Japan thrashed by Korea. This is not our protector. Do not blind yourselves, for the rising sun has started to set." Rajah Gambang, fearful of the dissent caused by Kalangitan and the power base she has built up in rural Tondo, Ma-I, portions of Pangasinan, orders the defense of Japanese nationals within Maynila.
 * Ma-I: Li Han is consolidated as all of the government functions of Ma-I are moved to the city. Walls are built around it. Under the regency council and Queen Kalangitan, a re-organization of Ma-I infrastructure and society commences. Ma-I will still pay its tribute to the Ming, but Tondo holds nominal control over foreign affairs and other things such as protection. The largest settlement in the area is named Li Han, after the first Huang of Ma-I. A port town in northern Ma-I, Beigang, is developed upon by expanding the port facilities, paving roads, and introducing two blast furnaces in the port. Diyang Kalangitan, after hearing reports of the failed Japanese invasion of Korea, begins to spread further anti-Japanese rhetoric, stating that: "Losing to a protectorate, and you expect the Japanese Empire to protect us? Korea was thought to be a fraction of Japan's might, and yet here we see Japan thrashed by Korea. This is not our protector. Do not blind yourselves, for the rising sun has started to set." Rajah Gambang, fearful of the dissent caused by Kalangitan and the power base she has built up in rural Tondo, Ma-I, portions of Pangasinan, orders the defense of Japanese nationals within Maynila.
 * Pangasinan: Following the Tondo model, Pangasinan is subdivided into multiple areas assigned into Councils of 50 members each. Rajah Gamabang is recognized as the Huang, although Liyu is still recognized as the honorary Huang. Pangasinan thrives as the center of economic activity in the city as blast furnaces supply metals of various types and uses to the people, with 15% of all output to be handed over to Tondo. A major road from Pangasinan to Maynila begins construction.
 * Kingdom of France: John de Valois and French ministers continue to gain more knowledge on the Abbasid Caliphate documenting everything they observe. During the year they visit the cities of Algiers, Tunis and Damietta. Later in the year, John meets the new Caliph Al-Mustansir discussing French-Abbasid relations, and developing a closer relationship with the Caliphate. Trade with the Caliphate through Chauleaux and other coastal cities continue to flourish, expanding the knowledge of the Islamic world among French merchants, and giving France more trade with Asia. The settlement of Chauleaux continues to be developed with the royal palace, a harbor, and farms. The settlement has come to consist of Muslim peasant families and French merchants. Louis XI continues to create a small French navy. He continues building a small Mediterranean fleet consisting of cogs and galleys, by no means a fighting force, but one that would be able to transport the French army throughout the Mediterranean. Hearing about the discovery of more islands to the west, Louis continues to fund research to find alternatives to Barques and Balingers to be able to more effectively explore and trade. The French military continues to improve as the crown also uses the Taille to buy early cannons from Italy and other places in Europe. France continues to improve its army with newer and up-to-date tactics and weapons. Louis also improves the system in which the French armies are raised.
 * Duchy of Thuringen: The city guard continues to defend the capital city of Erfurt. Our military grows by adding more recruits each year. We continue to trade again with our neighboring states. Farming goes well in our nation this year. The healthy population continues to increase by 3% each year. Karsten's improvement in the training area is continuing to show off. Karsten continues his education at the University of Erfurt. Our eastern and northern borders become closed again since the Hussites become violent once again.
 * Kuziria: Crowds throughout the empire celebrate the coming of age of Oba Ewuare's heir, Kayin, who have finally taken the throne at the age of sixteen. Kayin takes on the throne-name Isokan, meaning "unity", following the turbulent time Benin has just witnessed. While the rebellion in Songhai is still ongoing, the rest of the empire has stabilized somewhat with the purging of the traitorous clergy and warriors in Benin. His uncle Uwaifiokun is kept on as an adviser by the young Oba, though Isokan has stated his intention to change the direction of the empire. After the host of negative events in the past couple of years, the Oba has expressed his interest in changing the path the empire has been travelling on for some time now. Uwaifiokun and members of the uzama express their outrage at the idea, believing that all they fought for will be for nought. However, Isokan declares that he has made up his mind. The Cape Verde Islands are to be sold to another nation, and the nation's focus shall be at home. Uwaifiokun pleads that the navy and trade with the rest oft he world continue, to which Isokan agrees acknowledging the need for both. However, external ambitions will not be sponsored by the state, as Isokan believes focus on the outside world resulted in the internal tribulations of the nation. Though angered, Uwaifiokun bows to the will of his nephew given that he seeks to lead by example and not follow the decisions of the traitors in the past. So long as the navy he fathered and the trade his brother encouraged continues, he shall be content. On the issue of the navy, because of the costs, Isokan states that the Akakan shall be the main warships of the empire, while the rest of the navy shall remain with the merchants as has been the case during peacetime. During wartime, the ships of the merchants shall be called up to war, but only the Akakan shall remain with the warriors. The army will be drastically reorganized and retrained, so as to make them more versatile and responsive to issues throughout Kuziria. Warriors shall not only serve as public laborers during peacetime in brick and pipe factories, but shall also maintain public infrastructure during peacetime, and clean wells in major cities they are garrisoned in. As the warriors share be receiving salaries, the clergy has agreed that it is cheaper to use the fit and disciplined warriors as builders rather than private contractors from the merchants, artisans, and laborers. The military duties of the warriors are also expanded in line with the reorganization of the army. Because of the Songhai rebellion, the army will be divided into three divisions; the Imperial Guard, the Metropolitan Army, and the Imperial Army. The Imperial Guard shall serve as the Oba's personal army and bodyguard with a fixed wage as set down by his father; the Metropolitan Army shall serve as the common army made up of warriors kept in reserve and drafted back into serve to protect their lands; the Imperial Army shall serve as the professional army which doubles as a mobile force for the empire and deployed wherever needed to deal with the enemies of Kuziria. Like the Imperial Guard, the General Army shall receive a fixed wage and standard empire, and shall be divided into multiple units stationed throughout the empire in specialized forts that serve as their home. Each unit of the Metropolitan Army shall be assigned to a district of the empire to defend those lands, and hold them long enough for neighboring units to arrive. The Imperial Guard shall serve as the strike force of the empire during whatever campaigns the Oba wishes to oversee personally, augmenting the Imperial Army whenever needed. All warriors are placed on strict daily physical fitness routines, weekly 15-mile marches, and full-scale military drills involving field maneuvers and mock skirmishes. Routine inspections from the authorities and even the Oba himself shall be expected, and the combat training exercises are expected to be the life blood of the Kuzir warriors. Five Akakans are built by the port cities for the navy and trade with the rest of the world continues to return to pre-war levels.
 * Totonacapan: We expand to the south building fortresses and towns to keep the new areas under our control. A charismatic young men called Acamapichtli claims he discovered a thing called gravity when a rock fell to his head. Other people think he is just crazy. A few months later he believes he has mastered that thing called gravity and that he can fly. He goes to a cliff and jumps and he experiences a terrible death. Work on metal working continues, and strong and effective arrowheads become feasable, as do small daggers, though they are still being mastered. We continue our war with Cempoala, renewing our attacks. Because we are at war with Cempoala, King Tetopicton is eager to end the war with our victory, so he reorganizes his warriors into a more unified fighting force. New units are formed called small bands. Each one of these new units is made up from ten close combat warriors with spears and clubs, five archers, four doghandlers,one commander and eight dogs. All border villages and forts contain two units of men at least. For actual war bigger units are founded called big bands. In each big band shields are interlocked and spears thrust forward, creating a wall. Two rows of archers would form loosely behind with skirmishers, armed with tomahawks and bucklers, to support the spearmen and perform flanking maneuvers. Lastly, a vanguard, the most veteran warriors, all armed with gunstock war clubs (hardwood club with flint blade/spearhead) would protect the rear. The system takes hold quickly, with every warrior already comfortable with his entire arsenal.  We offer Colipa to accept King Tepictoton as their King and join our nation as we are both Totonacs, offering them many chests of gold and diamonds, offering also to help them build walls to protect their great city, same design with the Xallapan and Papantla walls, as well as equal representation in the elder council, threatening them with war otherwise. We assure them that this agreement will increase Xallapan and Papantlan trade with Colipa as well as the importance of Colipa as trade hub as we will do everything in our power for the whole Totonacapan Confederacy to prosper.  [MOD RESPONSE] 
 * They agree out of fear  ~Sky
 * New walls for Colipa are constructed from the Xallapan and Papantlan walls designs. While Colipan elders join the Totonacapan elder council as promised with equal representation. The elder council is re-designed accordingly to each city's population, to have one elder for 1000 people for every city-state in Totonacapan, thus Xallapan has 120 elders Papantla has 60 elders and Colipa has 24 elders in the elder council. Trade vastly increases with Colipa as promised and Xallapan, Papantla and Colipa are further integrated into the Confederacy.
 * Ottoman Empire: The sultan works to build schools across the Ottoman Empire and works on hiring people across the state. More Muslims are sent to the South and some Turks are sent to mix with the other Muslims in the areas. The army then is brought back to surround the city while the army tries to gain more troops to replace. With the loss of the city Murad goes into Ankara and works on his army and navy weaponry. The sultan then begins to work on trading with the Thrimids and the Caliphate. Murad begins to send traders past Thrimid's land to Afghanistan and some going into India. The sultan begins to work on making Ankara a new city as Murda said "Better then the other" as he works on making the city a trading center. The sultan sends a caravan of 100 donkeys full of food Thirmids Capital to help with the famine.
 * Serbia (Ottoman vassal): The sultan begins to create 1000 more mosques - mostly in the South. More imams are sent to Serbia in hope of converting the population. With the riots across the vassals the government is sent in to stop any riots but the government halts their construction of mosques (but already-built mosques will stay) but Serbian Muslims are recommend to move down south and to spread across the green areas and to populate the area.
 * Wallachia (Ottoman vassal): The sultan begins to create 800 more mosques - mostly in the South, and recruiting peasants for the army. More imams are sent to Serbia in hope of converting the population. The troops are ordered not to fire unless fired upon, the troops begin to work on defenses. The castle is now worked on by peasants. With the riots across the vassals the government is sent in to stop any riots but the government halts their construction of mosques (but already-built mosques will stay) but Wallachian Muslims are recommended to move down south and to spread across the green areas while they are recommended to then populate the area. The area is set up with defenses to stop the crusader army.
 * Epirus (Ottoman vassal): While the state begins to send aid to civilians after Sultan Mehmed is heard saying "Let the Christians, Jews and anyone get food ... so long as they stay with the state.
 * Mayapan: Continues the integration of the southern city-states into the League. Each new state is expected to supply men to train and serve in the national army. Expansion continues northward along the coast of the Nuchol Sea (OTL Gulf of Mexico). The council seeks to improve commerce and communication between the many settlements of the Yucatan by constructing and maintaining roads between them. Due to Emperor-King Iktan's initiative, work continues to renovate and update existing buildings, roads and to create plans for future upkeep and renovations. Mayapan sends 15,000 soldiers to Totonacopan to help pressure Cempoala into joining.
 * Bohemia: (Most of this will be super late, just posting it for posting's sake) Wenceslaus V accepted the election to Holy Roman Emperor. We begin to work against whatever Hussite influence may still be left residually from the unrest. We stamp them out through religion, and if necessary, military force. Wenceslaus V declares he is looking for a wife in marriage. Saxony and Meissen are consolidated to various degrees.
 * Duke Gian Maria of Milan and Savoy offers his daughter, Bianca, to the Emperor as a potential wife.
 * Bohemian Dip: We accept.
 * Iroquois Confederacy: Chief Notaku begins annexing the Chesapeake Bay area tribes. After two decades of trade, there is little resistance. Notaku's son, Degotoga, accompanies a war party west into Algonkian lands (OTL Michigan). The army fighting the Crow continues raids and engaging in guerrilla tactics across the plains. This is the first time for many Iroquois to see bison. Their pelts and tools made from their horns and bones have always been traded throughout Iroquois lands but the sighting of the animals sends a wave of awe through out the ranks. Military increases and lacrosse games are held with southern tribes in the hopes of keeping peace.
 * The Kingdom of England: Victory after victory, King Henry V's esteemed generals continue to batter down the Scottish forces. One general in particular continues to stand out, winning substantial victories against the Scottish among all odds. His name: General William Scarlet. General Scarlet has been made lead commander of all English forces in the North, King Henry V invites Scarlet's family to London, as he moves them into one of his estates, as they live under royal control and hospitality. Danish troops continue to help fight with England, as large strides are made against Scotland, land continues to be taken under English control, the reserves from Nottingham are sent north to maintain control in the Scottish lands. England expands their military and economy, the economy is booming back in England's mainland, with the war continuing to be on the enemy's heartland, England is able to completely boom their economy prospering and thriving during a nice peacetime back at home.
 * Wales: The Welsh continue to centralize and urbanize as Henry V sees a bright future for the area. Many resources are found within the mountainous area of Wales. Military and economy expands, as troops are sent to Nottingham to rebuild a new garrison. The economy expands through trade, and the growth that England is channeling.
 * Dublin: With a small number of Danish troops still in Dublin, they use these soldiers to train more recruits along with the other English installment there, and expand their military and economy. Dublin continues to fortify their defenses, and continues having migrating Irish peoples come, even with the small tax. Dublin offers under English jurisdiction the other Irish states and cities, protection, guidance, soldiers, ships, and resources if they join England and swear fealty to the English crown, promising to grow the newly joined members.
 * Teutonic Order: Grand Master Ulrich recovers from his fever but is now almost completely blind due to complications and the severity of it. Since his skills lay primarily in his military leadership, he becomes an almost broken man who sulks in Marienburg. A few months of this, he announces his decision to step down as Grand Master and go on a Holy Pilgrimage to first Rome, then Jersualem. A quick election is held to elect a new Grand Master, and the previously agreed Paul von Rusdorf, a Saxony noble, is declared the new Grand Master of the Teutonic Order. Being well-edowed with theological education, von Rusdorf begins hosting sermons led by himself in the newest cathedral in Marienburg. Former Grand Master Ulrich departs this year for his pilgrimage.
 * Chimu Empire: The Empire continues with its integration project, melding the Chimu and Inca cultures together more with the marriage of the Emperor and his son's birth. Reed ships continue exploring northward and southward along the coasts, learning to travel in groups for better safety in case of storm or wreckage. Metalworking continues, with the first arrowheads beginning to be seen in the military, which leads to a spur in organization, as those whose families can afford these new weapons wish to keep their clans higher casts in terms of wealth, begin to make units of their families men who wish to fight in the military, creating the Culn Unit, which is between 20-25 men within a family, with the elder in charge while his sons are commanding of units of roughly four or five men. Though raw at first, punishment for disobeying a Culn unit leader is severe, as disprespecting an elder in attempt at gaining power within ones family is seen as a great dishonor not only to the man but to his family. Though inter communication between Culn Elders is rocky and ineffective, each Elder must swear his loyalty to the crown, knowing that above all else, loyalty to him is the most meaningful. Roads between the former Quzco capital and Chan Chan are completeted, and fortifiations and  way stations with food and water for travellers are built on each roadway. Thanks to the wheel and carts, which the Quzcoans had never seen before, trade and sharing of ideals between the cultures grows, leading to a baby boom throughout the Empire.
 * Bahmanids: 20,000 men and 35 ships are sent to assist Mogadishu in the conquest of the Comoros. The Ottoman traders are welcomed.
 * Papal States: The Papacy continues its efforts to unite the people of the world in the supreme word of God, but notes that progress remains slow despite the commanding efforts undertaken by the current Pope John XXIII. With the military stabilized, more efforts can be dedicated to that agenda and some are undertaken, with some hoping to bring the other more skittish Orthodox churches into the fold. More radical proposals, such as striking Egypt and liberating the Copts, are suggested but ultimately rejected as impractical. The pope reminds the Commander of the Hospitallers that the Orthodox remain with their own ways and their own Patriarch of Constantinople, who operates in a leadership role within the College of Cardinals and the Church itself, second only to the pope. As for the Hussites, the pope is not interested in modifying the agreements reached at this present time. 
 * Constantinople: Defenses and trade remain foremost on the agenda of the occupying powers, although the situation regarding Catholic-Orthodox relations remains high on the list. Fortunately, it seems that relations are beginning to improve slightly, as better ties and a common enemy do their toll on the issues at hand.
 * In the Crown of Castile, King Henry IV orders that all birds in the city of Toledo be killed as a result of this horrid attack. In other news, King Henry IV continues efforts to expand the navy and establish naval dominance in the Med. Castile also continues the christinization of Granada, with 60% of the population now being Christian. This is largly a result of the Castilian deportation policy. Many of those expelled arrive in Tunis or Turkey. Trade with Ragusa and France continues more next turn maybe.
 * Majapahit Empire: Solidifcation of Sumatra, along with cultural integration of Borneo continue, and Kuwat Wira, at the age of 29 finally obtains his "next vessel", and as the Empire recovers from the late 1420s period of turmoil, the cultural differences between the God-king and the local sect in the former Sunda Kingdom begin to form a rift within Gunturism, and during an argument within the Keeper's Council between a Sundanese Keeper and a Javanese Keeper, the God-king intervenes and removes them both to keep the Council in line and prevent infighting. The result is a somewhat stable year and with the birth of Wiwamba Yuda, the God-king now has a "new vessel" in the event his old one "expires" and things begin to be rather calm and infrastructure continues construction.
 * Order of the Enlightened: The Order continues recruiting members, more of the same, except that Grand Master Susila has perished and the new Grand Master is appointed by Kuwat Wira in his wife's sixth month of pregnancy as Cahya Kuwat becomes the new Grand Master. Under his domain, a new training ground is constructed in Borneo and the result is an extra training ground for new members. The Order also continues conversion while dealing with internal troubles with the clergy.
 * Well, gentlemen. I am back. - Ace009


 * Following negotiations with Milan, Aragon ceases preparations for an invasion of Naples, though the King's claim to the Neapolitan throne stands. We make an offer to France, wishing to improve relations further, and for an annual fee we will allow French military use of our ports. In April the King is shocked to find that his Queen, Catherine of Castile, is gravely ill. He appeals to doctors across the country and abroad to find a treatment for her, as he fears she may not live much longer without medical assistance. Meanwhile, expansion of the Royal Armada continues, and our numbers stand at around 270 ships. The first Bricbarca has been completed, and has entered service as the Ferdinand.
 * Duke Gian Maria Visconti of Milan and Savoy is grateful that Aragon is willing to uphold its end of negotiations and assures our newfound friend that we will do the same.
 * Eric of Pomerania, King of Denmark: A new year and a new decade has descended upon humanity, 1430 and my daughter, Princess Emma of Denmark turns 18 and becomes a full-fledged adult, and my tutoring of her ends. I embrace Emma and I am filled with joy and we celebrate her birthday . With Emma turning 18 I officially make Denmark a hereditary monarchy and I officially coronate Princess Emma as the Crown Princess of Denmark now she decides who to marry, and Crown Princess Emma of Denmark decides to marry Prince Mikkael of Norway, for the Gyldenloves were loyal to Denmark during the Swedish rebellion and now we enter a dynastic union with Norway under a Personal Union and there is a massive celebration in the rebuilt and expanded Copenhagen for Emma's 18th birthday, her wedding, and the completion of the University of Copenhagen. This massive celebration attracts the greatest minds from all of Europe and they pour into Copenhagen.
 * In the Duchies of Milan and Savoy, art continues to flourish under the "Milan School," led by Filippo Bruschinelli. Since the revolts of early last decade, there has been much peace and prosperity in the Duchies, and many individuals are starting to see themselves as citizens of Milan and no longer as peasants (while the peasantry definitely remains, especially in the countrysides).

1432
 A band of Saami raiders attacks the town of Tonsburg, Norway, killing hundreds before looting the city 

''' A great schism arises in the Majapahit Empire between the Sundanese and Javanese sects, over a theological doctrine. The Sundanese clerics insist that God is one being with three names, while the Javanese clerics insist that God is three separate beings. This matter is sent to the Keeper Council for a ruling on the matter '''

 Lightning strikes the Barcelona Cathedral, starting a fire 

''' Fresh rain and reinforced caravans bring needed aid to Central Asia. The groups of riders have largely disappeared as a result, although it should be noted that few were captured or killed '''


 * Totonacapan: King Tepictoton celebrates his victory against Cempoala and the unification of the Totonac people. As Totonac warriors enter the city of Cempoala its populations rejoices as the unification of the Totonacs is completed. Cempoala is officially annexed into the Totonacapan Confederacy. We expand south with a high pace, building fortresses and towns to keep the new areas under our control. Work on metalworking continues, and strong and effective arrowheads become feasable, as do small daggers, though they are still being mastered. We begin rebuilding Cempoala, hoping to restore this great city to their prior-defiance glory. New walls for Cempoala are designed from the Xallapan,Papantlan and Colipan walls designs. While Cempoalan elders join the Totonacapan elder council with equal representation to ensure Cempoalan loyalty to their new King. The elder council is re-designed accordingly to each city's population, to have one elder for 1000 people for every city-state in Totonacapan, thus Xallapan has 120 elders, Cempoala has 80 elders, Papantla has 60 elders and Colipa has 25 elders in the elder council. Xallapan, Cempoala,Papantla and Colipa are further integrated into the Confederacy. The ruins of El Tajin next to Papantla are discovered after the King hears rumors of the ruins existance from the Papantlan elders and decides to visit the ruins himself. As he experiences the magnificence of the ruins he orders their immediate resettlement with 1000 people volunteering to settle there after receiving some money along with new plots to build their homes. Walls of the same design with Xallapan, Cempoala, Papantlan and Colipan walls are constructed for this new settlement. We construct main roads between our five biggest population centers, Xallapan,Cempoala,Papantlan,Colipa and El Tajin to help ease and promote trade between those population centers. Also an estimate is made by a scholar for our the population of our five biggest population centers, estimating that our capital Xallapan has around 120,000 population and is by far the biggest and the most populous city in the confederacy, Cempoala has around 80,000 population and is crippled by the war and its conquest by King Tepictoton, although we have already rebuild some parts of this once great city, Papantla has around 60,000 population with its market growing to support the new increase in trade, Colipa has around 25,000 population with its walls being praised by its citizens for their solidness and endurance and El Tajin has around 1000 population mostly settlers from Papantla which is nearby, aiming to receive the generous king's bounty for relocating there as well as new houses. The rights of non Totonacs are starting to get revoked in favor of Totonacs, with the Mayan people being the only exemption.
 * Duchy of Burgundy: it's a quiet year. More ships are built, roads are paved. The alliance Sweden offered is accepted.
 * The Gurkani Sultanate: Amir Shahrukh Mirza was proclaimed as the sultan of the Sultanate, starting a new era under his rule. The Gurkani population rose to about 52 million with the people flocking to cities like Herat, Isfahan, Merv, Aktau, Samarkand and Iskenderun; primarily due to their strategic position in the spice trade. The military was primarily composed of medium-to-heavy cavalry, composite bow, lance, mace, and sword. Heavy cavalrymen wore plated chain mail or metal lamellar armor, with their horses also wearing leather or metal lamellar barding. The infantry was equipped with daggers and swords to be utilised in close combat against the enemy and elephants as well as carts were used for the transportation of supplies. Cannons were constructed to serve as siege weaponry whilst experimental muskets were beginning to be developed. Naval bases were established at Iskenderun, Trabzon and Gamrun to establish the presence of the Gurkani fleet in the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea and the Persian Gulf respectively, keen on controlling the sudden surge in piracy. The Gurkani Navy developed galleys and carracks to augment the smaller patrol fleets. Agriculture and commerce were at the Sultanate's forepoint, with wheat, rice and barley being amongst the largest produced crops. Fishery was promoted as well as it helped in sustaining the fishery villages that were present along the coast, as well as the major port cities of Iskenderun, Basra, Gamrun, Aktau and Trabzon. The Sultanate mined large amounts of silver and gold, to serve as currency as well as ornaments and jewellery. Importance was also given on the development of proper roads for the merchants utilizing the trade routes through the Sultanate. Meanwhile, the Sultanate continued to expand its territories into the Persian Gulf island, Caucasus and toward Siberia. With the end of the famine, peace and prosperity returned to the nation. Yet, in order to prevent such a catastrophic event from taking place ever again, the sultan ordered the Amirs of each respective province to start the storage of food supplies; stacking up on crops to be utilized either in times of famine or to be exported in case of a good crop output. Side by side, keen on stamping out on raiders and thieves, the sultan also passed a royal decree arming any and all caravans utilizing the routes present throughout the Sultanate. This action whilst seen by many as an attempt to please merchants was in fact taken to take a stand against the raiders and to remind them that the sultan did not take rebels lightly. The Amirs of Samarkand and Bukhara were specifically given orders to round up anyone suspected of having engaged in the raiding of Gurkani caravans. Meanwhile, upon reaching news of the Bahamani Invasion of Delhi and their request for help, the sultan politely declined the request.
 * Jalayirid Sultanate: Sultana Saima Daula continued her reign over the Sultanate. Acting as a vassal to the Gurkani Sultanate, she would only be answerable to the Gurkani Amir. The military and the navy were developed along the same lines as their Gurkani counterparts, with a major naval base constructed at Iskenderun where the Jalayirid fleet was also situated. Jalayirid authorities continue to work on the construction of a fleet at İskenderun, working side by side with Castilian authorities. The Jalayirid Sultana, Rukhsana Daula would continue to develop the trade route leading from his Mediterranean port of İskenderun to his Persian Gulf port of Basra, hoping to make it much more advanced and efficient. With both Saima Daula and Zeeshan Beg Mirza reaching maturity, their bethrothal was consumated into an official marriage. Meanwhile, Rukhsana Daula; the Queen regent was summoned back to the Royal court at Isfahan.
 * Khedivate of Trabzon: Amir Alexios IV Komnenos continued his reign over the Sultanate. Acting as a vassal to the Gurkani Sultanate, he would only be answerable to the Gurkani Amir. The military and the navy were developed along the same lines as their Gurkani counterparts, with a major naval base constructed at the city of Trabzon, where the Trabzon fleet was also situated. Trabzoni authorities continue to work on the construction of a fleet at Trabzon, working side by side with Castilian authorities. The Trabzon Amir, Alexios IV Komnenos would continue to develop the trade route leading from his Black Sea port of Trabzon, connecting it to the city of Tabriz, hoping to make the spice trade routes much more advanced and efficient.
 * The Kingdom of England: Victory after victory, King Henry V's  esteemed generals continue to batter down the Scottish forces. One general in particular continues to stand out, winning substantial victories against the Scottish among all odds. His name: General William Scarlet. General Scarlet has been made lead commander of all English forces in the North, King Henry V invites Scarlet's family to London, as he moves them into one of his estates, as they live under royal control and hospitality. Danish troops continue to help fight with England, as large strides are made against Scotland, land continues to be taken under English control, the reserves from Nottingham are sent north to maintain control in the Scottish lands. England expands their military and economy, the economy is booming back in England's mainland, with the war continuing to be on the enemy's heartland, England is able to completely boom their economy prospering and thriving during a nice peace time back at home.
 * Wales: The Welsh continue to centralize and urbanize as Henry V sees a bright future for the area. Many resources are found within the mountainous area of Wales. Military and economy expands, as troops are sent to Nottingham to rebuild a new a garrison. The economy expands through trade, and the growth that England is channeling.
 * Dublin: With a small number of Danish troops still in Dublin, they use these soldiers to train more recruits along with the other English installment there, and expand their military and economy. Dublin continues to fortify their defenses, and continues having migrating Irish peoples come, even with the small tax. Dublin offers under English jurisdiction the other Irish states and cities, protection, guidance, soldiers, ships, and resources if they join England and swear fealty to the English crown, promising to grow the newly joined members.
 * Abbasid Caliphate: Based on the infrastructure and technology of his predecessor, Al-Mustansir funded the construction of large cannons and mortars based on the designs imported from afar. Unfortunately, the increased difficulty to move these new cannons and the lack of enemy fortresses to besiege made this development highly impractical at the time. He also planned to reconsider the need for castles as well, but put this project off for later. For the moment, Al-Mustansir sends the military southward along the Nile to conquer the Coptic Kingdom of Alwah. The nine oligarchs of Alwah, hearing of their imminent destruction, decided to band together and set a trap for the Arab forces at the city of Dongola. Al-Najm, however, saw this trap from miles away relying on his instinct from his time among the Bedouins. So he pulled back his regiment and waited for the trap to spring, before rushing in with his own men and take the nine oligarchs by surprise. Back in Cairo, the ministers of France continue to be entertained as the Caliph hopes to re-establish a formal alliance with the Franks.
 * In Aragon, the shocking and sudden fire in Barcelona Cathedral results in massive amounts of damage as emergency services are poorly organised as are the city's infrastructure management systems. In consequence, the Great Fire of Barcelona tears through the city, burning many of the wooden buildings to the ground. All ships in the ports are ordered to evacuate and escape to sea, and as many people as possible are directed out of the area. The Royal Family is escorted out of the city as well, but the King is forced to leave his bedridden Queen behind. Once the fire is under control thanks partially to the rain that accompanied the lightning strike and mostly to the brave efforts of the citizenry and firemen, the King personally surveys the damage. Much of Barcelona has been burnt down, but thankfully many important and historical buildings still stand, albeit damaged. He returns to the Royal Palace to discover that Queen Catherine is indeed dead - she was found with severe burns all over her body. The devastated King following this natural disaster has taken the tragedy as an omen, and consults priests about what this could mean.  (MOD RESPONSE PLEASE)  Fortunately for Aragon, much of the harbour has survived, thanks to the waters that lie beside it. The military is immediately employed to begin the painstaking task of rebuilding the city, and temporary camps are set up outside the city walls to house those who lost their homes in the inferno. To prevent another such fire happening in the future, city planners take this as an opportunity to alter the city's design, and plan to reorganise Barcelona's infrastructure into a grid system, taking inspiration from Ancient Rome. A new central square will serve as the point from which all of Barcelona's main roads will extend, and a new Royal Palace will be built in the north of the city. All buildings will hereafter be built out of brick, and we reach out to our allies and friends to purchase large amounts of material for our reconstruction efforts. The government is temporarily relocated to Zarazoga. With the loss of his Queen and unwillingness to remarry, King Alfonso V realises that his eldest daughter, Princess Arianne, will one day have to take his place. As such, the King wastes no time in proclaiming Arianne his heir apparent. As such, she becomes HRH Arianne, Crown Princess of Aragon, etc., Countess of Malta. The King immediately begins preparing his young daughter for the challenges and responsibilities of the monarch. In other news, the Royal Armada continues to grow, unfazed by the Great Fire, reaching a stunning 300 ships this year, including an additional ten bricbarcas and 15 caravels.
 * Louis XI of France offers King Alfonso a reasonable sum of money to help rebuild the city for the fief of Roussilion.
 * John II Crispo of Naxos offers to donate the money and the materials to build the Royal Palace and the other great monuments of Barcelona in return for the building designs for bricbarcas and help in acquiring a betrothal to a woman of high nobility for Duke John.
 * Aragonese Diplomacy: The King politely declines the French offer, as he believes that despite all that has happened, he cannot give in and give away territory for measly bricks. However, he does consider the Duke of Naxos' proposal. Though the King wishes for the design of the Bricbarcas to be kept classified as with the caravels, he proposes to the Duke instead that a group of Aragonese shipbuilders be sent to Naxos to share some of our shipbuilding techniques, though not the design of Aragonese ships themselves. The King also says in his reply that the people of Naxos would be far more proud of a ship they designed themselves.
 * Duke John II of Naxos agrees to the new deal, so long as King Alfonso V agrees to foster the next heir to the Duchy of Naxos for five years when he turns eight years old.
 * Cologne: This year, Archbishop Dietrich II writes to the pope, asking for the great late Abbess Adelphina I of Essen to be canonised as a saint. The aftermath of the Concord of Luxembourg is going particularly well, at least in Burgundy/Holland, Bohemia, Berg, Mark and Julich, and Dietrich II feels as though he must acknowledge that it is not entirely his doing that so many lives were saved and so many infidels brought back into the Church. Further, Dietrich II thinks that this will help Adelphinian Reforms spread further throughout all Catholic nations.
 * Essen: Abbess Margarete continues to tack notices along the street, and people get used to this idea, with the general moral and intellectual well being of people in Essen increasing dramatically. The notices are impossible to ignore. The university is halfway built. Meanwhile, Margarete hears that Wenceslaus V of Bohemia is looking for a wife, so she offers one of the few secular canonesses left (who do not make vows of chastity) to go to Bohemia and marry Wenceslaus. Her name is Svenja of Berg, and she is both intelligent and beautiful.
 * The Bahmanids invade Delhi, fearing the resurgent Sultanate will make us a province again. We also declare war on Delhi's ally, Oman. 200,000 men and 800 war elephants are sent into Gondwana, while our fleet sails for Oman.  We will need the support of our Gurkani and  Mogadishan  allies in order to win this war. 
 * With the Gurkani's refusal, Ali Nadeem Shah sends a desperate envoy to Bengal: if they help us, we will not only give them whatever of Delhi's territory they wish, but also hand over all of Andhra to them. (MOD RESPONSE NEEDED) 
 * To Sky: The Bahmanid-Mogadishan alliance has existed for two decades. It's canon now. Also, the East African city-states did historically have quite strong relations with India. (I can, however, understand objecting to the number of troops/ships Mogadishu sends.)
 * Bengal declares support for Delhi and invades the Bahmanids and also sends aid to Delhi. Oman meets the Bahmanid navy at sea. -Scraw
 * Genoa: Ligurian continues to grow as the vernacular in Corsica and Monteferrat. Many native Ligurians move to Corsica hoping for a better life taking up roles as rulers of Manors. Conversely many people of the Corsican nobility move to Genoa hoping to gain a fortune as merchants. The Greek isles of Genoa experience an influx of The Genovese arsenal and Bank of St. George continue to expand. Experimentation with many new technologies in the arsenal begins particularly surrounding artillery and shipbuilding. Trade continues to thrive throughout Europe, Africa, and the Mediterranean.
 * Duchy of Thuringen: The city guard continues to defend the capital city of Erfurt. Our military grows by adding more recruits each year. We continue to trade again with our neighboring states. Farming goes well in our nation this year. The healthy population continues to increase by 3% each year. Karsten's improvement in the training area is continuing to show off. Karsten continues his education at the University of Erfurt. Our eastern and northern borders become closed again since the Hussites become violent once again. Karsten's first son is born, his name is Axel.
 * Iroquois Confederacy: With war continuing against the Crow, Chief Notaku urges for a treaty between the Wichita and Crow. Chief Notaku sends an emissary to the Cherokee, offering full membership with the Confederacy one last time. Their elected leaders would be given full reign over the Carolinas once taken control of. Expansion will happen regardless of your decision, though we wish to avoid war (Mod Response). Due to years of trade in the region, Chief Notaku starts to annex the Chesapeake Bay tribes. Iroquoian teachers are sent to the region to teach Iroquois to the Algonkian natives. It's been two decades since its completion and the land around Nowadaga and Lake Champlain has changed drastically. Where dense forests once stood is now farmland and hunters must travel farther to find food. To combat this, Notaku borrows from the Beothuk people of the far north. Long fences are built so hunters can herd deer to specific areas, closer to Nowadaga and other cities. It can be seen that many people are also catching wild fowl and keeping them in pens attached to their houses. Even at war, the Iroquois thrive, knowing they are safe within their lands. Military is increased, border patrols are reinforced and forts are improved.
 * Chimu Empire: The Empire continues with its integration project, melding the Chimu and Inca cultures together more. With the completion of the roads to connect the Empire, with the roads trade increases immensely, causing the need and demand for food to increase. In order to supply this new food, the construction of canals and irrigation systems farther into the interior in order to supply the interior farms with water and provide paths for reed ships to carry the harvest to the coast and the other major hubs, this canal and irrigation project will take roughly six or seven years to complete. Another effect of the roads leads to the royal family's standard (aka flag), starts to be used and placed along imperial bases and towns as a sign of loyalty to the Emperor, and as this begins to be noticed by the Emperor, he likes it, and orders the flag to be flown over and across the Empire. The Empire creates a set value for gold, potatoes and bronze,  leading to the creation of banks  and the invention of ropes and rope tying to count in a physical manifestation, which allows trade to become more accurate and fair throughout the Empire. Reed ships reach as far north as central Columbia, and with a group of about five ships, one of the ship's captains dies, and one of the other captains offers to pay the men on the deceased captain's ship if they agree to work for him, leading to him commanding two ships while he appoints his brother to command his now second ship. Bronze daggers become more common among the rich and elite classes of the population.
 * Chimu empire CANNOT create banks.
 * I think he means this - Nate
 * I talked with Nate last night on this. It's basically what he linked, and can you stop calling me he please. Thanks -Nova
 * There is a problem with the idea of creating currency, however.
 * Ottoman Empire: The sultan works to build schools across the Ottoman Empire and works on hiring people across the state. More Muslims are sent to the South and some Turks are sent to mix with the other Muslims in the areas. The army then is brought back to surround the city while the army tries to gain more troops to replace. With the loss of the city Murad goes into Ankara and works on his army and navy weaponry. The sultan then begins to work on trading with the Thrimids and the Caliphate. Murad begins to send traders past Thrimid's land to Afghanistan and some going into India. The sultan begins to work on making Ankara a new city as Murda said "Better then the other" as he works on making the city a trading center - while the army is trained.
 * Serbia (Ottoman vassal): The sultan begins to create 1000 more mosques - mostly in the South. More imams are sent to Serbia in hope of converting the population. With the riots across the vassals the government is sent in to stop any riots but the government halts their construction of mosques (but already-built mosques will stay) but Serbian Muslims are recommend to move down south and to spread across the green areas and to populate the area.
 * Wallachia (Ottoman vassal): The sultan begins to create 800 more mosques - mostly in the South, and recruiting peasants for the army. More imams are sent to Serbia in hope of converting the population. The troops are ordered not to fire unless fired upon, the troops begin to work on defenses. The castle is now worked on by peasants. With the riots across the vassals the government is sent in to stop any riots but the government halts their construction of mosques (but already-built mosques will stay) but Wallachian Muslims are recommended to move down south and to spread across the green areas while they are recommended to then populate the area. The area is set up with defenses to stop the crusader army.
 * Epirus (Ottoman vassal): The state begins to send aid to civilians after Sultan Mehmed is heard saying "Let the Christians, Jews and anyone get food ... so long as they stay with the state.
 * ​Wichita Confederacy: Seeing as our generals have yet to report (Mods, algorithm) we offer the Crow peace if they and their allies join the Wichita Confederation. We annex the tribes  between the OTL Brazos and Mississippi rivers. Due to the fact that they are cut off from other tribes, it is more of a formality if anything. We also begin attempts to tame bison as they would dramatically increase our influence in tribal politics (Mod Response).
 * Tondo: Declaring victory against Madyas (or Madja-as.), Tondo declares a period of celebration in the country, as Madyas is slowly incorporated into Tondo. Continues to expand south, and sends 6000 settlers to Samar Island across the narrow strait to claim it in the name of Tondo. 12 blast furnaces around the capital are built to augment the increasing iron and metalurgy industries of Tondo and paved roads to and from Maynila are built to connect the Kingdom together. Rajah Gamgang starts to consolidate his power in the capital and orders all political opponents to be a part of the settling process enacted upon Tondo in the nearby islands, primarily to keep them away from seizing or threatening his power. Massive naval expansion in the regard of trade ships and naval craft commence, as Rajah Gambang, fearful of the Japanese ships that escort the tributary vessels heading to Japan, orders the construction and study of these war junks, as the Chinese call them. The fishing fleet expands to 500 boats, while small warships capable of fighting in rivers are increased in number. Five war junks are to be constructed within the year. The first public aklatan (library) opens in Central Maynila to further spread the knowledge gained by the Kingdom. Smaller libraries are planned to be built in Maynila, Kawit and Tacloban Military personnel stands at 28,000 active troops across southern Luzon and 52,000 additional men ready to be conscripted to defend the state. They are armed with swords, shields and armor made from the blast furnaces. Roads in and round Maynila are built, and a town in the south, Kawit, is experiencing rapid population growth as fertile farmlands attract settlers there, along with abundant deposits of minerals in the area. This prompts the Council of Kawit (Kataas-taasang Lupon ng Kawit) to petition Rajah Gambang for a road that connects Kawit to Maynila, thereby attracting more and more settlers. Diyang Kalangitan orders a group of 15 scouts, 50 soldiers and 75 civilians to establish a trading post in northeastern Palawan and another party consisting of 50 soldiers and 50 civilians to settle in Busuanga island. Diyang Kalangitan, after hearing reports of the failed Japanese invasion of Korea, begins to spread further anti-Japanese rhetoric, stating that: "Losing to a protectorate, and you expect the Japanese Empire to protect us? Korea was thought to be a fraction of Japan's might, and yet here we see Japan thrashed by Korea. This is not our protector. Do not blind yourselves, for the rising sun has started to set." Rajah Gambang, fearful of the dissent caused by Kalangitan and the power base she has built up in rural Tondo, Ma-I, portions of Pangasinan, orders the defense of Japanese nationals within Maynila. We offer the Rajah of Cebu riches and wealth for him, his family, and his state, under the condition that the citizens of Cebu pledge their allegiance to Rajah Gambang and swear an oath of vassalship to Tondo and Gambang [Mod Response]
 * Ma-I: Li Han is consolidated as all of the government functions of Ma-I are moved to the city. Walls are built around it. Under the regency council and Queen Kalangitan, a re-organization of Ma-I infrastructure and society commences. Ma-I will still pay its tribute to the Ming, but Tondo holds nominal control over foreign affairs and other things such as protection. The largest settlement in the area is named Li Han, after the first Huang of Ma-I. A port town in northern Ma-I, Beigang, is developed upon by expanding the port facilities, paving roads, and introducing two blast furnaces in the port. Diyang Kalangitan, after hearing reports of the failed Japanese invasion of Korea, begins to spread further anti-Japanese rhetoric, stating that: "Losing to a protectorate, and you expect the Japanese Empire to protect us? Korea was thought to be a fraction of Japan's might, and yet here we see Japan thrashed by Korea. This is not our protector. Do not blind yourselves, for the rising sun has started to set." Rajah Gambang, fearful of the dissent caused by Kalangitan and the power base she has built up in rural Tondo, Ma-I, portions of Pangasinan, orders the defense of Japanese nationals within Maynila.
 * Pangasinan: Following the Tondo model, Pangasinan is subdivided into multiple areas assigned into Councils of 50 members each. Rajah Gamabang is recognized as the Huang, although Liyu is still recognized as the honorary Huang. Pangasinan thrives as the center of economic activity in the city as blast furnaces supply metals of various types and uses to the people, with 15% of all output to be handed over to Tondo. A major road from Pangasinan to Maynila begins construction.
 * Benin: Oba Isikhuan declares that the empire shall be known as Benin and its subjects as the Bini from now on, believing that the use of the religion Kuzirism as the source for the name to be sacrilegious. The clergy of the empire abide by his word, and remove the name Kuziria from documents of the empire. Extensive fighting in Songhai by the Imperial Army has finally produced some gains, with the rebels having been wiped out by the warriors, and the land reincorporated into the empire as home to loyal subjects. Cities and roads are rebuilt by the warriors, who also help to improve the industrial capabilities of some areas during their stay. The construction of a large cannon foundry in Gao for the army begins under the direction of the enigie of Ogun IV Urhobo, which is stationed near the city. The clergy produces a census roll containing a list of cities in Benin by population, with the following cities being the five largest; Edo with 300,000 inhabitants, Timbuktu with 180,000 inhabitants, Gao with 120,000 inhabitants, Eko with 80,000 inhabitants, and Ife-Ile with 50,000 inhabitants. The tax rate for the empire is thus adjusted in accordance with the new information released by the statisticians of the clergy. The navy is expanded with five more akakan from the five major port cities of Benin, and transferred to major naval bases along the Niger River. Many of the ships in the navy are devoted to the removal of the settlers from the Cape Verde Islands, which are to be sold off to a foreign buyer so that Benin may focus on more regional issues. Trade with Sofala continues, with the gold trade prospering as Bini merchants stationed in the city-state gain prestige and influence with the local nobility. Ogun III Ondo and Ogun VII Ife are sent to assist with the expansion of the settlements in Akan territory, where the warriors help to conquer 10,000 square kilometers of land from the Akan tribes. The Akan men are exterminated while the women and children are handed out as trophies to the warriors and settlers. With the growth of the population in the new lands having reached more than a million Bini subjects, the Oba founds the ogun XXX Akan, which shall be stationed in the region, as well as assist the two other ogun in the expansion of Bini lands into the west. The Oba declares the minting of a new coin known as the mina, which shall consist of 3·248 grams of silver (an eighth of that in the mpempe), and serve as the basis of payment for all subjects and warriors in Benin. This is done with the aim of balancing out the amount of silver in supply in the empire, as well as to prevent inflation with the need to mint a coin eight-times the size for the mpempe, thus increasing the amount of silver in circulation and lowering its value. The payment for Bini warriors is also managed as such that all warriors upon receiving their pay of 120 mina, must deposit a third of it into a holding account, to prevent them from spending their wages too quickly on useless or frivolous things. Further developments in the field of economics are made, with many Bini merchants having traveled to Europe, have returned with the concept of banking as a way of managing the finances of the empire. Seeking to remove the burden of financial management from the palace, Oba Isikhuan agrees to allow the merchants to begin the process of developing a banking system for Benin. As far as the Oba is concerned, the system will allow the imperial government to better manage the process of taxation by having imperial tax collectors operate out of the banks for a designated zone. Isikhuan believes that this may be the first of many layers of bureaucracy needed to better govern Benin and stabilize its growth.
 * How can you claim you won against the Songhai, the algo (confirmed by Edge) states you lost, please remove it from your post.
 * Well, I see they didn't tell you. In a discussion I had with the moderators day before yesterday, an agreement was made, Scraw and Edge had the algo with Songhai annulled, and downgraded to a two-turn revolt ("no algos needed" as Edge stated) within the region beginning in 1432. I'm simply carrying out what was allowed. ~Viva


 * Kingdom of France: John de Valois arrives in Cairo and is amazed by the prosperity and size of the Egyptian city. John also takes a liking to the Egyptian hospitality, as he is treated almost at the same honor as the sultan. After a minister and witness to John is sent back to Paris, Louis sends back gifts from France to continue developing relations. Trade with the Caliphate through Chauleaux and other coastal cities continue to flourish, expanding the knowledge of the Islamic world among French merchants, and giving France more trade with Asia. The settlement of Chauleaux continues to be developed with the royal palace, a harbor and farms. The settlement has come to consist of Muslim peasant families and French merchants. After trade routes to Asia are able to be accessed the Abbasids, Louis XI puts the development of ocean-going ships on the backburner as new trade routes are no longer needed. Louis does continue to develop a small fleet of cogs (by no means a fighting force), as he plans to hire local merchants during wars to turn them into a fighting force. Louis XI switches the use of the taille revenue to be used on continuing to develop the army, and keep the French force as one of the largest and modern in Europe. Louis continues to improve the system in which the French armies are raised. Louis XI also begins welcoming Jews back to France after his father's expulsion of them in the 1390s.
 * Mogadishu: The nation's income continues to grow, both from increased tariffs and from the Royal Trade Fleet. Our manufacturers expand and make more money. We further expand toward the Jubba River, as canals, dikes and ditches are being built. The land surrounding the Jubba-Shebelle Rivers becomes more fertile. 10,000 local tribesman and foreign settlers became citizens of our nation last year due to our policies of land reclamation and immigration attraction.  We begin to build guns and cannons using the blast furnaces China had given us. We continue to train our army and navy.
 * Mogadishu Diplomacy to Bahmanids: We send 12,000 soldiers and 80 ships to aid our allies Bahmanis.


 * No-Sky
 * I have guns because Zheng He's Fleet traveled to Mogadishu, and in return, Mogadishu traveled to China, bringing gifts of ivory and gold in return for Chinese technology and goods. The Mogadishu-Bahmanid alliance has existed over two decades.-Fallacy
 * Norway: The royal family celebrates the marriage of Mikkael to Emma and great celebrations occur in the capital. However, after hearing the raidings of Tonsburg and the subsequent deaths, the government responds very harshly capturing and killing most of the vagabonds but sending the remaining to Greenland as punishment. The Saami who helped capture the vagabonds are greatly rewarded. Inside of the colonies the whaling and fisheries are worked with the farthest outpost being on Nordhjem. Copper mining in the north continues as well. Calix Aureus continues to establish dominance over the North Sea trade routes gaining influence in ports of Burgundy and England. We continue to expand into Kola. Our navy continues to expand and grow.
 * Mayapan: Continues the integration of the southern city-states into the League. Each new state is expected to supply men to train and serve in the national army. Expansion continues northward along the coast of the Nuchol Sea (OTL Gulf of Mexico). The council seeks to improve commerce and communication between the many settlements of the Yucatan by constructing and maintaining roads between them. Due to Emperor-King Iktan's initiative, work continues to renovate and update existing buildings, roads and to create plans for future upkeep and renovations. Mayapan rejoices at the victory over Cempoala as the victorious troops return home.
 * Order of Knights Hospitaller: Grand Master Jean thanks the pope for his clarification of matters. In the home islands, the Order takes on two of Europe's finest engineers to look at our fortifications and suggest improvements. Cretan trade improves.
 * Papal States: The Papacy continues to improve itself at home and abroad. More tension with the Orthodox is eased over time, but the situation remains slightly tenous at the moment. The presence of the Orthodox Patriarch in Rome does help to assuage matters regarding issues of common ground.
 * Constantinople: Continues the process of reconcilliation between the two churches, although much remains to be done. More defense work is also done/


 * Majapahit Empire: As the Schism becomes ever more apparent, Kuwat Wira and the Keeper's Council side with the Javanese faction, though the God-king decides to step in, rejecting the ruling, claiming that both sides are correct and that despite the Trimurti (including Brahma, which "inhabits Kuwat Wira") being the same deity, they are basically three bodies with different roles and each role (Brahma for creation, Vishnu for preservation and Shiva for destruction) is part of the same being. Cultural integration of Borneo and the remaining tributaries continues, along with Solidifcation of our grip on Sumatra. A small land expedition from our tributaries in Papua is sent east to conduct further exploration and find areas fit for expansion within the region. Infrastructure back in the Empire is continuing expansion and construction while Gustimaharaja Kuwat Wira begins the process of educating his "new vessel" to replace him in due time, via his mother.
 * Order of the Enlightened: The Order continues conversion of citizens and effectively begins purging members of the Sundanese sect, following the Council's decision, much to the dismay of Kuwat Wira. The result is that a fracture begins to form within members of the Order, which although initially subtle, the Grand Master is later able to find evidence of a conspiracy to overthrow the God-king, by which he orders the conspirators executed. Over the course of the year, the Grand Master (against the God-king's orders) begins to remove people suspected of being affiliated with the Sundanese faction.
 * Eric of Pomerania, King of Denmark: My people and I celebrate the marriage between my daughter, Crown Princess Emma of Denmark and Prince Mikael of Norway as we enter into a dynastic union under a personal union. This signifies a new era of peace and prosperity across Denmark and there is much joy all over the nation. We send colonists and aid to Greenland in order to help the Danish and Norwegians suffering there.
 * Castile continues with all the stuff from last turn and offers to buy Cape Verde from the Great Kuzir Empire.

1433
 '''With the purge initiated by the Order, the Sundanese sect goes largely underground, with many people in Sumatra hiding Sundist texts in caches underground. A few villages near Aceh secretly harbour Sundists, falsely reporting to the Order that the cities are purged.'''


 * Someone mind updating this event? - Ace009


 * Minor change to the event (since moderators are lazy), so.......... - Ace009

 The Crow Confederacy retreats from their approach rather than face the Wichita in battle.

 '''A small meteor lands in the town square of Madrid, destroying a building and injuring five people. No casualties.'''

<p style="font-weight:normal;"> Private fishing guilds of purely Saami people appear in Norway.

<p style="font-weight:normal;"> The king of Denmark dies of diarrhea.

<p style="font-weight:normal;">'''LOL, rekt. -Swanky'''

<p style="font-weight:normal;"> '''Unable to reliably get colonists to Cape Verde, the Castilian Colony dies off. With little record of the islands, they quickly fade from interest and soon to have faded from memory.'''

<p style="font-weight:normal;"> Native American Nations Almost all of you are being drastically implausible for different reasons. I have already talked some of you, but things such as an organized military, currency, metalurgy, and more, are either just begining to develop in the Americas or will never develop in some native societies. Just because one native american nation has currency, doesn't mean you do. Just because one native american nation has metalurgy, doesn't mean you do. ~Edge

<p style="font-weight:normal;">'''I'm going to defend myself here. The Wichita tribes are with the exception of the Blackfoot are a completely sedentary Caddoan culture group. It makes sense that they would adapt stone as it is stronger than wood, and while they are mining stone in quarries, it makes sense that they would run into metal veins and experiment with the softer metals. The only thing that could be argued against would be currency, and I believe that the way I have it used, is plausible. - Kaiser'''

<p style="font-weight:normal;">'''I'm OK with this logic so long as it takes time for your people to come to this conclusion. They wouldn't figure all of this out in a year.'''


 * Totonacapan: We continue to expand south at a high pace, building fortresses and towns to keep the new areas under our control. Using irrigation concepts, we create a moat that circles Cempoala outside its walls. Work on metalworking continues and bronze daggers become more common among the rich and elite classes of the population. A resident of the Colipa notices a rock rolling down a hill in while watching his children play, noticing how quicky the rock moved and how it was shaped, he starts making attempts to replicate the rocks smoothness, taking many tries and numerous weeks of effort to shape the stone to his wishes, he creates a crude wheel, the first in the confederacy. Soon he starts using it to create small carts drawn by oxen with the help of some of his friends, and the invention soon starts to spread across the confederacy after the King takes a personal interest. Clay mortar becomes more common in the confederacy, being mixed with other materials to make it stronger as time goes on such as crushed limestone. The material is crude, but has a major improvement over previous clay mortars and plane stone buildings, and it begins being used throughout the confederacy in Imperial buildings and fortifications. To meet demand for food in the confederacy, we construct a network of canals and irrigation systems farther into the interior/across the confederacy in order to supply the interior farms with water and provide paths for canoes to carry the harvest to the coast and the other major hubs, this canal and irrigation project will take roughly six or seven years to complete. Another effect of the construction of major roads leads to the royal family's standard (aka flag), starts to be used and placed along imperial bases and towns as a sign of loyalty to the King, and as this begins to be noticed by King Tepictoton, he likes it, and orders the flag to be flown over and across the Empire. Cempoala finishes its reconstruction, being restored to its prior-defiance glory. Xallapan, Cempoala, Papantla and Colipa are further integrated into the Confederacy. El Tajin continues to grow with a market build there to accommodate the needs of its residents. Another 1000 people accept the KIng's gracious bounty, along with new plots to build their homes and relocate in El Tajin being astonished by its magnificence. Also an estimate is made by a renowned scholar for our the population of our five biggest population centers, estimating that our capital Xallapan has around 120,000 population and is by far the biggest and the most populous city in the confederacy, Cempoala has around 80,000 population and is now rebuild and economic life gets back on track again thanks to several projects in the area, Papantla has around 60,000 population with its market growing to support the new increase in trade, Colipa has around 25,000 population with its walls being praised by its citizens for their solidness and endurance and El Tajin has around 2000 population mostly settlers from Papantla, which is nearby, aiming to receive the generous king's bounty for relocating there as well as new houses. The rights of non Totonacs are starting to get revoked in favor of Totonacs, with the Mayan people being the only exemption.  We offer the Aztecs to trade minorities/non-Totonacs with them to sacrifice to their gods in exchange for food, cattle, gold, diamonds and any other resources willing to trade for slaves.  [MOD RESPONSE] 
 * The Aztecs accept this deal -Nate


 * The Gurkani Sultanate:  Amir Shahrukh Mirza was proclaimed as the sultan of the Sultanate, starting a new era under his rule. The Gurkani population rose to about 52 million with the people flocking to cities like Herat, Isfahan, Merv, Aktau, Samarkand and Iskenderun; primarily due to their strategic position in the spice trade. The military was primarily composed of medium-to-heavy cavalry, composite bow, lance, mace, and sword. Heavy cavalrymen wore plated chain mail or metal lamellar armor, with their horses also wearing leather or metal lamellar barding. The infantry was equipped with daggers and swords to be utilised in close combat against the enemy and elephants as well as carts were used for the transportation of supplies. Cannons were constructed to serve as siege weaponry whilst experimental muskets were beginning to be developed. Naval bases were established at Iskenderun, Trabzon and Gamrun to establish the presence of the Gurkani fleet in the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea and the Persian Gulf respectively, keen on controlling the sudden surge in piracy. The Gurkani Navy developed galleys and carracks to augment the smaller patrol fleets. Agriculture and commerce were at the Sultanate's forepoint, with wheat, rice and barley being amongst the largest produced crops. Fishery was promoted as well as it helped in sustaining the fishery villages that were present along the coast, as well as the major port cities of Iskenderun, Basra, Gamrun, Aktau and Trabzon. The Sultanate mined large amounts of silver and gold, to serve as currency as well as ornaments and jewellery. Importance was also given on the development of proper roads for the merchants utilizing the trade routes through the Sultanate. Meanwhile, the Sultanate continued to expand its territories into the Persian Gulf island, Caucasus and toward Siberia.  With the end of the famine, peace and prosperity returned to the nation. Yet, in order to prevent such a catastrophic event from taking place ever again, the sultan ordered the Amirs of each respective province to start the storage of food supplies; stacking up on crops to be utilized either in times of famine or to be exported in case of a good crop output. Side by side, keen on stamping out on raiders and thieves, the sultan also passed a royal decree arming any and all caravans utilizing the routes present throughout the Sultanate. This action whilst seen by many as an attempt to please merchants was in fact taken to take a stand against the raiders and to remind them that the sultan did not take rebels lightly. The Amirs of Samarkand and Bukhara were specifically given orders to round up anyone suspected of having engaged in the raiding of Gurkani caravans.  Meanwhile, the sultan's daughter, Rukhsana Daula returned to the Royal Court at Isfahan and was offered up in marriage to the Sultan of Delhi [Mod Response Needed].
 * Jalayirid Sultanate: Sultana Saima Daula continued her reign over the Sultanate. Acting as a vassal to the Gurkani Sultanate, she would only be answerable to the Gurkani Amir. The military and the navy were developed along the same lines as their Gurkani counterparts, with a major naval base constructed at Iskenderun where the Jalayirid fleet was also situated. Jalayirid authorities continue to work on the construction of a fleet at İskenderun, working side by side with Castilian authorities. The Jalayirid Sultana, Rukhsana Daula would continue to develop the trade route leading from his Mediterranean port of İskenderun to his Persian Gulf port of Basra, hoping to make it much more advanced and efficient. With both Saima Daula and Zeeshan Beg Mirza reaching maturity, their bethrothal was consumated into an official marriage.
 * Khedivate of Trabzon: Amir Alexios IV Komnenos continued his reign over the Sultanate. Acting as a vassal to the Gurkani Sultanate, he would only be answerable to the Gurkani Amir. The military and the navy were developed along the same lines as their Gurkani counterparts, with a major naval base constructed at the city of Trabzon, where the Trabzon fleet was also situated. Trabzoni authorities continue to work on the construction of a fleet at Trabzon, working side by side with Castilian authorities. The Trabzon Amir, Alexios IV Komnenos would continue to develop the trade route leading from his Black Sea port of Trabzon, connecting it to the city of Tabriz, hoping to make the spice trade routes much more advanced and efficient.
 * The Sultan Umar Hamza Khan of Delhi, already married, offers for his son and heir Ilyas to marry Rukhsana Daula. - Scraw
 * Cologne: Archbishop Dietrich II reiterates his request to the pope that Adelphina be canonised as a saint for the abovementioned reasons ad her general participation in the incredible reform. It was an inspired, God-given reform, and Dietrich II believes that Catholicism was saved by it. Meanwhile, the archbishop begins to fund the construction of barracks in Westphalen, noting the constant Ottoman threat.


 * Essen: Abbess Margarete continues to tack up notices, and eventually holds public lectures at which she offers counselling to the small.groups of Hussites returning to the Church. Hussites from alI around the Holy Roman Empire head to these groups, as word travels by trade to Sweden, Hamburg and Brandenburg. Essen reminds each of these countries of Cologne's request for them to adopt the Adelphinian reforms.
 * The rebuilding of Barcelona, the capital city of Aragon, begins after preliminary preparations with materials sourced locally and from Naxos arriving in January. In return for Naxos' generosity, a corps of shipbuilders are dispatched to Naxos to help the country design her own ships. The expedition is intended to last for five years. The King offers the hand of marriage of his unmarried younger sister, the 31-year-old Princess Eleanor, to the Duke, and agrees to rear his future nephew as per the agreement last year. Meanwhile, the Royal Armada continues to expand, and an additional 30 ships are produced this year, raising our total to 330. Research on hand cannons have yielded promising results, and a prototype design was finalised in March. Production of the prototype began a month later, and the resulting hand cannon was successfully test-fired in May. Mass production for the navy and army is due to begin next year, and the design has been renamed the Catherine Handgonne, named after the late Queen of Aragon. Until production begins, the design has been kept classified, and the handful of people who worked on the project are placed under temporary house arrest to protect the design.
 * Duke John II Crispo of Naxos agrees to the proposed betrothal, and suggests that the marriage take place next year in the city of Naxos. King Alfonso V is allowed to invite anyone to the wedding.
 * Iroquois Confederacy: With the Crow's retreat, Chief Notaku withdraws his army from the Plains, leaving 300 of his finest behind for any extra support that the Wichita may need. Offering the Cherokee one final chance to join the Confederacy or risk war, Chief Notaku offers his daughter, Tayanita, to the son of the Cherokee chief (Mod Response). With the Iroquois' growing power, a need for better security arises. On the western bank of Lake Erie, in Totiakton, a solution to this has been discovered. A young brave, Ahusaka, devised a much better way to secure his house by carving out pegs and mounting a wooden door. He takes his invention to Chief Notaku in Nowadaga, who spreads it throughout the lands. Wishing to construct a door for the walls of Nowadaga, Notaku orders Ahusaka to design a stronger hinge that can hold the gates of Nowadaga. We continue to annex the Chesapeake Bay area tribes.
 * Abbasid Caliphate: Caliph Al-Mustansir continued to modernize the military. The castles of Tunis, Damietta, and Damascus began massive rennovation to transform their defenses to proper fortresses, rather than castles which were vunerable to the new gunpowder weapons. This restructuring of the local defenses, however, was a monumental task that took several years to complete. After annexing the Kingdom of Alwah, Al-Najm was promoted to General of these forces, and pressed on through the port of Jeddah southward to march on the Sultanate of Yemen. Al-Nasr Ahmed Al-Rasul, the sultan of Yemen, knew of the Egyptians coming and sent his great and mighty navy to stop their advance by attacking the coast. Al-Najm, however, was wise to this and led his army away from the coast into the desert, utilizing his instincts from among the Bedoins to keep the army fed. Soon the general led his army to attack the capital of San'a itself. In Cairo, the Caliph grew weary of all the European ministers trying to peddle their goods for Egyptian land, so he dismissed them all to their homelands except the French for the time being.
 * The Kingdom of England: Victory after victory, King Henry V's  esteemed generals continue to batter down the Scottish forces. One general in particular continues to stand out, winning substantial victories against the Scottish among all odds. His name: General William Scarlet. General Scarlet has been made lead commander of all English forces in the North, King Henry V invites Scarlet's family to London, as he moves them into one of his estates, as they live under royal control and hospitality. Danish troops continue to help fight with England, as large strides are made against Scotland, land continues to be taken under English control, the reserves from Nottingham are sent north to maintain control in the Scottish lands. England expands their military and economy, the economy is booming back in England's mainland, with the war continuing to be on the enemy's heartland, England is able to completely boom, their economy prospering and thriving during a nice peace time back at home. Sends representatives to The Kingdom of France to try to work toward a finalized peace.
 * Wales: The welsh continue to centralize and urbanize as Henry V sees a bright future for the area. Many resources are found within the mountainous area of Wales. Military and economy expands, as troops are sent to Nottingham to rebuild a new a garrison. The economy expands through trade, and the growth that England is channeling.
 * Dublin: With a small number of Danish troops still in Dublin, they use these soldiers to train more recruits along with the other English installment there, and expand their military and economy. Dublin continues to fortify their defenses, and continues having migrating Irish peoples come, even with the small tax. Dublin offers under English jurisdiction the other Irish states and cities, protection, guidance, soldiers, ships, and resources if they join England and swear fealty to the English crown, promising to grow the newly joined members.
 * Genoa: Genovese navigators working for the Bank of St. George land in Madeira. The navigators claim the isle of Madeira as a private commerical venture for the Bank of St. George. Maderia is named the Colony of Lenga. Ligurian continues to grow as the vernacular in Corsica and Monteferrat. The Genovese arsenal and Bank of St. George continue to expand. Technological experimentation in the arsenal continues particularly surrounding artillery and shipbuilding. Trade continues to thrive throughout Europe, Africa, and the Mediterranean. A Genovese navigotor theroises that if the Canary current is taken to the exiqutorial current that it would lead directly to China. SECRET: Notifications are sent to some of the alienated nobility of the Balearic islands offering that in the event of a rebellion to restore the Kingdom of Majorca that the Genovese will support that rebellion and compenstate the rebellion. Mod Response
 * Aragon: Several Balearic nobles loyal to the Crown report this event to the King, who is shocked and outraged by Genoa's open hostility, despite all he has done to improve relations since he ascended to the throne. Nevertheless, he maintains secrecy on his findings, and asks the nobles who reported to play along. Meanwhile, the King makes reluctant preparations for conflict against Genoa, and notifies Castile that Genoa may soon be launching a war against Iberia. The navy is rendered war-ready, and the army is to be expanded in the remainder of the year.
 * For now I am retconning all of the secret diplomacy response stuff. If Tim wishes to hear my case why he can approch me in chat or on my talk page. I may also be retconning everything.
 * Majorca says it needs no restoring since it is a part of the Crown of Aragon. The "alienated" nobility are very few and do not want to risk being eliminated. - Scraw
 * As you can see here Majorca was independent until it was taken over by Aragon. The current pretender is the Margrave of Monteferrat witch is part of Genoa. Also Aragon has been working on centralization which is destined to piss nobles off, Aragon in OTL didn't centralize until 1715. ~Oct
 * Hilarious. I've done nothing about my old centralisation plans for decades. ~Tim


 * Ottoman Empire: The sultan works to build schools across the Ottoman Empire and works on hiring people across the state. More Muslims are sent to the south and some Turks are sent to mix with the other Muslims in the areas. The army then is brought back to surround the city while the army tries to gain more troops to replace. With the loss of the city Murad goes into Ankara and works on his army and navy weaponry. The sultan then begins to work on trading with the Thrimids and the Caliphate. Murad begins to send traders past Thrimid's land to Afghanistan and some going into India. The sultan begins to work on making Ankara a new city as Murda said "Better then the other" as he works on making the city a trading center - while the army is trained.
 * Serbia (Ottoman vassal): The sultan begins to create 1000 more mosques - mostly in the South. More imams are sent to Serbia in hope of converting the population. With the riots across the vassals the government is sent in to stop any riots but the government halts their construction of mosques (but already-built mosques will stay) but Serbian Muslims are recommend to move down south and to spread across the green areas and to populate the area.
 * Wallachia (Ottoman vassal): The sultan begins to create 800 more mosques - mostly in the South, and recruiting peasants for the army. More imams are sent to Serbia in hope of converting the population. The troops are ordered not to fire unless fired upon, the troops begin to work on defenses. The castle is now worked on by peasants. With the riots across the vassals the government is sent in to stop any riots but the government halts their construction of mosques (but already-built mosques will stay) but Wallachian Muslims are recommended to move down south and to spread across the green areas while they are recommended to then populate the area. The area is set up with defenses to stop the crusader army.
 * Epirus (Ottoman vassal): The state begins to send aid to civilians after Sultan Mehmed is heard saying "Let the Christians, Jews and anyone get food ... so long as they stay with the state.


 * Chimu Empire: The Chimu and Cuzco cultures now exist in plurality, with the Chimu rulership adopting a vast number of Cuzco practices, and the local areas adopting large amounts of Chimu customs. Relations in the Empire are happy and stable, with large amounts of builders hired from the Cuzco population in order to start aid in designing the canals and irrigation systems across the Empire, allowing the people of Cuzco to further integrate with the rest of the empire. The son of the Emperor, now 10, begins to be taught in both Cuzco and Chimu cultures and history, preparing him to take the throne of the Empire. The rope tying to count numbers is spread across the Empire at this point, and with the creation of banners across the empire, some scholars think of making symbols on blank pieces of lamma wool/cloth in order to respresent set values, though it is still rudimentary at best as ropes are preferred and wool cloth is expensive. The work on canals and irrigation continues, while metal working continues to grow, with citizens being able to afford them, allowing more Culn Units to be modernly armed, the richest ones owning long daggers, almost swords but more like machetes. The Emperors wife gives birth to a second son, and he is named Naso Toka.


 * Grand Boyardom of Russia: The brewery in Novgorod becomes a must-have for all Novgorodians. It begins shipping beer to ports along the Hanseatic League, including the Kalmar Union, the Teutonic Order, and the Holy Roman states. In the meantime, expansion of trade routes along the Baltic, Volga and Dneiper brings profit to the Russian ports, which already see much commerce, especially during the spring and summer months. Ivan and the Russian Krug institute a reformed guard system in Russia. This system affects the urban areas, though they do intend to reform and semblance of guard duty in between cities, though with a population density such as that of Russia's, this is a very tall order indeed. They consider replacing the soldiers with scarecrows that appear to be guards, though the idea of drawing a face on a plank of wood, giving it a helmet and calling it a day seems popular with other boyars of Russia. Even then, some entertain the idea of drawing pictures of guards on sheets of cloth, though this idea is controversial, as this would only fool small children, livestock, the elderly, and Mongolians. Later that year, the government passes a bill that effectively declares a small fishing village to be in rebellion, though when armed men appear, they discover that the fishing village is in fact populated by a single Russian woman living in a small shack with a number of hand puppets. The soldiers return with a single, mangled puppet head. The snacks she gave them for the road are, of course, consumed almost immediately. In Moscow, a number of poets form a secret coalition of layman's poetry. As this is intended for the impoverished, yet somehow literate minority in Russia, the poems are known to be crass, vulgar, and very offensive toward women, which means next to nothing in this day and age. This group of poets call themselves The Backstreet Boyars. The navy is also expanded, both in the river and the sea.
 * Principality of Siberia: A bear is found eating a soldier's rations and is quickly turned into a hat with matching mittens for several Russian guards, in addition to a comfy pair of slippers for a Siberian guard. This is the first recorded telling of the 'bare feet' pun in history, though historians believe this to be a coincidence. The joke falls flat. Be it due to language barrier, the Russian disposition toward depression, or simply because the joke wasn't funny in the first place, even to Siberians who go longer without seeing a woman than men in the navy do, much less hear a joke. In addition to bear mittens, Siberian soldiers are given more old weapons from Russia. In the summer, a woman theorizes that there may be something on the other side of the Atlantic that is not Asia. She is hanged for practicing witchcraft.


 * Bahmanids: The war against Delhi has been disastrous, despite our defeat of the forces of their allies. Ali Nadeem Shah sues for peace. What are Delhi's terms?  (MOD RESPONSE) 
 * Dip to Gurkanis: I thought we had an alliance?
 * Gurkani Diplomacy: We may have an alliance between us, but I'm under no obligation to help you persue your aggressive warmongering policy in India. We may be allies but that does not mean that I will help you everytime you invade another nation, especially when we consider that invading Delhi does not benefit me in any possible way.
 * Very well. I misunderstood our earlier terms.~Guardian
 * Delhi will take the areas north of Khandesh, while Oman will take Gujarat. Bengal just wants money. - Scraw


 * Kingdom of Tondo: Rajah Gambang further consolidates his power, discreetely assigning political opponents to far-flung provinces of  Tondo or to Tondo's vassals of Ma-I and Pangasinan, or to colonization attempts in Palawan, Busuanga, and Samar. The government of Tondo can be roughly described as a Federal Monarchy, with each province ruled by a council with members proportionate to the province's population. Rajah Gambang invites the Huang of Pangasinan, his daughter and Ma-I's regency council, and officials from every province to draft something akin to an OTL constitution, namely, the Saligang Batas ng Tondo at Nasasakupan Nito (Constitution of the sovereign Kingdom of Tondo and all its holdings and possesions). As Maynila is one of the richest cities in South East Asia, it is now high-time to create a lasting legacy for it. A series of bridges and canals connecting the Pasig and Tagik (OTL Taguig) Rivers and all their tributaries to provide acquatic transportation, ease movement of goods, and simply build bridges above the waterways to ease the transportation of people in the Greater Tondo Province (OTL Metro Manila). To prevent problems of income inequality and unequal development, selected families in the capital are given incentives of food and gold to relocate to developing towns and cities in Cavite, Romblon and Samar. A road network has already connected Tondo Province to Cavite, and a series of roads from southeastern and southern Luzon to Pangasinan has already began construction. Tondo metallurgical capabilities increase as blast furnaces and ironforges are built all around the state. The port of Maynila is further expanded, with the navy increasing by 25 small ships and seven war junks. Trade with nearby states continue. Tondo continues expansion in Samae, Palawan and Busuanga. 2000 additional soldiers are trained Diyang Kalangitan refuses to seat beside representatives from the local Japanese merchants during the drafting on the constitution, and representatives from Ma-I and Pangasinan also refuse to sit beside or near Japanese nationals. We offer the Rajah of Cebu riches and wealth for him, his family and his state, under the condition that the citizens of Cebu pledge their allegiance to Rajah Gambang and swear an oath of vassalship to Tondo and Gambang  (MOD RESPONSE) 
 * Huangdom of Ma-I: With Tondo's grace, Ma-I settles the western part of Busuanga Island, and dedicates 100 citizens there. Li Han thrives as a cultural and financial capital of Ma-I, while Beigang immediately becomes the second port of Tondo, and conducts trade regularly with nearby nations.
 * Huangdom of Pangasinan: With Tondo's grace, Pangasinan expands into Central and Northern Luzon, attempting to assimilate the mountain and Igorot tribes located nearby to access the massive agricultural treasure in the Banaue Rice Terraces and the farmlands of Central Luzon. The administrative capital city, Pangasinan, begins construction of a road connecting it to Maynila. Blast furnace construction continues, and a small defense fleet of  15 ships is allotted by Tondo to Pangasinan. Pangasinense traders report sightings of small islands west of Luzon, and scouts are sent by Pangasinan to verify their claims
 * In an act of incompetency, Cebu refuses to accept rule from Tondo -Nate


 * Mogadishu: The nation's income continues to grow, both from increased tariffs and from the Royal Trade Fleet. Our manufacturers expand and make more money. We further expand toward the Jubba River, as canals, dikes and ditches are being built. The land surrounding the Jubba-Shebelle Rivers becomes more fertile. 10,000 local tribesman and foreign settlers became citizens of our nation last year due to our policies of land reclamation and immigration attraction. We built cannons in our Chinese furnaces, which we received from China from Zheng He's trip. We continue to send troops to support the Bahmanis.
 * The war's over-we lost.~The Guardian


 * Kingdom of France: John de Valois returns home from his trip with goods from the Maghreb, Egypt, and Arabia. All of his notes are compiled in "Observations d' un Califat et L'islam". These observations and news of John's travels are kept secret to not anger the clergy. Louis XI is able to persuade members of clergy close to the ground to drop the issue as he says "The Muslims are friendly and hospital peoples, it is just that they have not discovered the right god. They are willing to work within the foreign interests of France, so respect will be given to the Caliphate". Referencing the old Abbasid-Carolingian alliance in the 8th century, John de Valois is sent back to Cairo to negotiate a defensive alliance and trade terms with the Caliph. He still keeps this news from the public and most of the clergy members. Trade with the Caliphate through Chauleaux and other coastal cities continue to flourish, expanding the knowledge of the Islamic world among French merchants, and giving France more trade with Asia. The settlement of Chauleaux continues to be developed with the royal palace, a harbor and farms. The settlement has come to consist of Muslim peasant families and French merchants. Louis does continue to develop a small fleet of cogs (by no means a fighting force), as he plans to hire local merchants during wars to turn them into a fighting force. Louis XI switches the use of the taille revenue to be used on continuing to develop the army, and keep the French force as one of the largest and modern in Europe. Louis continues to improve the system in which the French armies are raised. Louis XI also begins welcoming Jews back to France after his father's expulsion of them in the 1390s. Domestically, referencing old documents from Philip II of France, the Duchy of Brittany already under French vassalage is put under stricter vassalage terms and officially under the Kingdom of France (not the domain royale).


 * With the cowardly migration of the Crow, The Wichita Confederacy annexes the former Crow territory, granting much territory to the Blackfoot and Quivira Tribes. The government begins reforming itself to be more centralized, with movement to create one single tribe with the old tribal territories becoming autonomous provinces, while the main council governs in the City of Wichita. We also begin experimenting and mining with copper, creating arrowheads, or coating small clubs with copper. Our scouts return from the south telling of great buildings that tower overhead and of the abundance of a rare metal that shines a bright yellow. A currency begins to be introduces  using copper nuggets to represent a tribesmen’s share of bison meat. Exchange stands are constructed in every village.


 * Do you have a source for the Wichita Confederacy developing a currency system?
 * No, however, it is not a developed European form of currency. It's the type of currency used by the ancient Sumerians. This represents a share of that. In this case, copper nuggets represent a share of stockpiled food, probably dried meat in winter. -Kaiser


 * Within the Crown of Castile, King Henry IV continues to remove the power of the Aristocrats. The development of Toledo continues, with constuction on a new royal place set to finish in 1440. The city itself boasts a population of 50,000. Overall, the Crown of Castile has 4.6 million citizens. There are an estimated 600,000 remaining Granadan Muslims that under Henry IV will continue to be deported to Tunis. The University of Toldeo is founded, and is staffed by the children of nobles and royals. Sancho, as heir to the Castilian throne, is tutored privatly, while Isabella is school at the University of Toledo. The queen of Castile dies this year, and a royal funeral is held for her. Henry IV is written to have looked mildly disinterested throughout the whole funeral. Cathernie of Lancaster also dies this year. Culturally, the language of New Castilian begins to take hold among the higher class, which along side Latin is considered to be a proper language by many aristocrats. The expansion of the navy continues, adding more caravels, galleys and longships. Naval colleges continue being founded, and as a result the Castilian Navy is one of the most elite on the Atlantic and Med.


 * Aragonese Diplomacy: To relieve the Castilian resettlement crisis, we propose that Aragonese settlers be allowed to settle in Morocco and Gibraltar as well; our people are eager to settle in new lands. In return, we would like partial sovereignty over any Aragonese settlements created within these territories, though they would of course be under the supreme authority of the Crown of Castile.


 * In the Kingdom of Gibraltar there remains an estimated 200,000 Bebers/Muslims. While the puppet regime continues to deport these settlers to Tunis, the lack of Castilian settlers make it difficult to resettle the area. Infrastrucutre developments see the creation of new irrigation ducts and canals. Beginning a long process of reclaim the desert and rough terrain. These developments mostly happen around Casablanca, where the terrian suits such developments eaiser. There is an estimated Christan population of 20,000, making up roughly 10% of the population. Missonaries continue conversion efforts with some limited sucess.
 * In the Kingdom of Morocco, there remains an estimated 900,000 Bebers and Muslims. While the puppet regime continues to deport these to Tunis, there is an even smaller number of Castilian settlers willing to arrive in this nation. Despite this, there exists a population of 10,000 Castilians in Morocco. Infrastructure developments continue similarly to the Kingdom of Gibraltar, although the lack of Castilians to lead the project slows progress to a crawl.
 * Ahom Kingdom: Suphakphaa orders the training of 15 more elephants, as the Ahom Kingdom has dominion over Indian elephant habitats. The training will be complete by 1435. The elephants will be placed in the Ganesha Division.
 * Teutonic Order: Recruitment and trade continues as normal.
 * Order of Knights Hospitaller: New Novices and Tertiaries join the Order from Europe, and many come to Rhodes and Crete and are trained in seamanship in the little training shps. In the light of the reunification of the churches, the Orthodox bishop of Crete is invited to join the Candian Council.
 * Papal States:  The Papacy continues to improve itself at home and abroad. More tension with the Orthodox is eased over time, but the situation remains slightly tenous at the moment. The presence of the Orthodox Patriarch in Rome does help to assuage matters regarding issues of common ground.


 * Constantinople: Continues the process of reconcilliation between the two churches, although much remains to be done. More defense work is also done.
 * Queen Emma of Denmark: I received the news that my father, Eric of Pomerania, King of Denmark has died, and I collapsed on the floor of the Castle of Copenhagen and I wept, mourning the loss of my father. No words can describe how sad and broken I am, losing my father. I hug my mother, Queen Phillipa of England, and she embraces me and says "It's OK to cry Emma, but don't spend your life in mourning. You are Queen of Denmark now and you must rule Denmark and make it even greater than Eric left it. This was Eric's one wish to you, that you would be even greater than he was." My mother was right, the only thing Father wanted was for me to rule even better than he did, thus I held Eric's funeral and coronated as Queen of Denmark on the anniversary of the establishment of the Kalmar Union and I further expand the greatness of Copenhagen by expanding the University of Copenhagen, with numerous theologians, doctors, natural philosophers, philosophers, and artists pouring into the University where they are free to debate and expirement. I vote for King Johnathan Gyldenlove of Norway to succeed Eric as the King of the KU.
 * Benin: Continuing his reorganization of the military, Oba Isikhuan decrees that all warriors of the army must be able to read and write so as to enhance the efficiency of the military. Formal training within the army shall thus including literacy classes, which shall be given by members of the clergy. Elsewhere, the number of bookkeepers in the army are expanded to help manage the meticulous financial records for the military, as well as the extensive records on each of the individual warriors the army keeps. Records on a warrior's time in the military, pay, disciplinary record, and leave requests are organized to help with the smooth operation of the army. One dari of the clergy jokingly remarks that bureaucratization of the military finally been completed. Five additional akakan are built by the port cities for the navy, while the growth of foreign trade continues, especially with the trade of gold, salt, spices, and sugar overseas in the Mediterranean. The expansion of the empire into the west continues, with the Bini settlers still moving along the coastline with the protection of the oguns III Ondo, VII Ife, and XXX Akan. The borders are thus expanded by 10,000 kilometers, and as has been the routine, the Akan men are either killed or sold off into slavery to the Swahili city-states, while their women and children are given out as rewards for the successes of the Bini settlers and warriors. The elderly are killed, and all religious sites of the Akan are destroyed. The settlement of Kokoro (OTL Accra) is declared a city by the Oba after it's population grows to 20,000, which the central odi having grown itself to become the administrative center for Ogun XXX Akan. From here, all future expansion of the territory into the west shall be managed. An official system of horse relays is established by the government to facilitate the flow of information between cities using the imperial road network, all without having to rely upon private contractors to deliver vital information in their own time. This will allow a message from Edo to reach the city of Kokoro within a span of three days, while one going from the capital to Timbuktu would take just a little over a week. Records over the last thirty years have revealed that due to the empire's policy of ethnic self-propagation, the Bini constitute about 35% of the total population, with that number growing quickly polygamy is utilized as a method of speeding up Bini reproduction in Benin. The aim of a fully Bini empire placed high on the agenda of the empire as a long-term solution to national stability.
 * Norway: The death of Eric is said for the monarchy (yet secretly celebrated in the nobility). The monarchy officially decides to change the capital to Bergen as it importance as completly over taken Niadros with Niadros being the secondary city. Inside of Bergen the University of Bergen is finally finished with it attracting many young students writers, artists, and scientists. Calix aureus begins to gain money as a center trade company in the north sea. The whaling and copper mining bring in riches for Norway. Scientae Dei's Repuation has grown so much it is acknowledged as a great libaray. In Iceland Shetland and Orkney and the Faroes Development continues. Our influence over kola continues. Our navy is expanded by various ships.
 * Majapahit Empire: With the Order purging the Sundanese sect in Sumatra and the sect going underground, Kuwat Wira orders a halt to the persecutions, and begins to send in the military to prevent additional persecution. However, things take a turn for the worst as a new group emerges known as the Divine Legion of Brahma, composed of breakaway Sundanese members of the Order, and the Legion begins to take control of the port in Mindanao, along with the outposts in Brunei and an outpost in Eastern Sumatra, with the Empire ordering the destruction of both sides before they cause any additional trouble. The result is that the Empire nullifies the Order's authority over the affairs of Gunturism and temporarily establishes control for the duration of the crisis. It also results in the Godking ordering an assault on the monastery near Mount Muria, in Northern Java, sending in 30,000 troops to capture the monastery.
 * Since the Order's authority has been revoked and has subsequently gone rogue, the Order will be an NPC, along with the Legion. - Ace009

1434
<p style="font-weight:normal;">''' The Second Sacred War in Majapahit Empire breaks out with the militant Sundanese branch taking control over the Divine Legion of Brahma. The more moderate undeground scholars in Sumatra, however, dissavows any affiliation with the Legion '''

<p style="font-weight:normal;"> The Aztec Empire begins a wave of conquests against its neighbors, absorbing the Toltec cities and tripling their size 

<p style="font-weight:normal;">''' A ship from Castile sinks off the coast of the Canary Islands. Superstitious sailors from the incident report that it was swallowed by the Leviathan from the Book of Job. '''

<p style="font-weight:normal;">''' The Ming Emperor buys the Japanese colonies of Ryukyu for twelve tons of silver. '''


 * Duchy of Burgundy: Naval development continues. Centralization of the administrative aspects of the Dutch territories progresses, but the merchant cartels are allowed to freely operate without heavy regulation, bringing much trade through the ports of the Low Countries. Duke Philip announces the birth of his first son, which he names Charles. Meanwhile, several Burgundian nobles express concerns about the French Kings rapprochement towards the Abbasid Caliphate. Philip, for the time being, adopts a "wait and see" policy on the Kings moves.


 * The Gurkani Sultanate: Amir Shahrukh Mirza was proclaimed as the sultan of the Sultanate, starting a new era under his rule. The Gurkani population rose to about 52 million with the people flocking to cities like Herat, Isfahan, Merv, Aktau, Samarkand and Iskenderun; primarily due to their strategic position in the spice trade. The military was primarily composed of medium-to-heavy cavalry, composite bow, lance, mace, and sword. Heavy cavalrymen wore plated chain mail or metal lamellar armor, with their horses also wearing leather or metal lamellar barding. The infantry was equipped with daggers and swords to be utilised in close combat against the enemy and elephants as well as carts were used for the transportation of supplies. Cannons were constructed to serve as siege weaponry whilst experimental muskets were beginning to be developed. Naval bases were established at Iskenderun, Trabzon and Gamrun to establish the presence of the Gurkani fleet in the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea and the Persian Gulf respectively, keen on controlling the sudden surge in piracy. The Gurkani Navy developed galleys and carracks to augment the smaller patrol fleets. Agriculture and commerce were at the Sultanate's forepoint, with wheat, rice and barley being amongst the largest produced crops. Fishery was promoted as well as it helped in sustaining the fishery villages that were present along the coast, as well as the major port cities of Iskenderun, Basra, Gamrun, Aktau and Trabzon. The Sultanate mined large amounts of silver and gold, to serve as currency as well as ornaments and jewellery. Importance was also given on the development of proper roads for the merchants utilizing the trade routes through the Sultanate. Meanwhile, the Sultanate continued to expand its territories into the Persian Gulf island, Caucasus and toward Siberia. With the end of the famine, peace and prosperity returned to the nation. Yet, in order to prevent such a catastrophic event from taking place ever again, the sultan ordered the Amirs of each respective province to start the storage of food supplies; stacking up on crops to be utilized either in times of famine or to be exported in case of a good crop output. Side by side, keen on stamping out on raiders and thieves, the sultan also passed a royal decree arming any and all caravans utilizing the routes present throughout the Sultanate. This action whilst seen by many as an attempt to please merchants was in fact taken to take a stand against the raiders and to remind them that the sultan did not take rebels lightly. The Amirs of Samarkand and Bukhara were specifically given orders to round up anyone suspected of having engaged in the raiding of Gurkani caravans. With the marriage proposal with Umar Hamza Khans son, Ilyas Khan accepted; Rukhsana Daula was sent off to Delhi. Meanwhile, the Sultan of the Gurkani Sultanate, Shahrukh Mirza died peacefully in his sleep. A grand funeral was held for him in his ancesteral seat of Samarkand where he was buried near his father, Timur. Subsequently, a coronation ceremony was held in Isfahan with Ulugh Beg Mirza proclaimed as Ulugh of the House Gurkani, First of His Name, Sultan of the Persians and the Turkmen, Lord of the Sultanate and Protector of the Realm. 
 * Jalayirid Sultanate: Sultana Saima Daula continued her reign over the Sultanate. Acting as a vassal to the Gurkani Sultanate, she would only be answerable to the Gurkani Amir. The military and the navy were developed along the same lines as their Gurkani counterparts, with a major naval base constructed at Iskenderun where the Jalayirid fleet was also situated. Jalayirid authorities continue to work on the construction of a fleet at İskenderun, working side by side with Castilian authorities. The Jalayirid Sultana, Rukhsana Daula would continue to develop the trade route leading from his Mediterranean port of İskenderun to his Persian Gulf port of Basra, hoping to make it much more advanced and efficient. With both Saima Daula and Zeeshan Beg Mirza reaching maturity, their betrothal was consummated into an official marriage.
 * Khedivate of Trabzon: Amir Alexios IV Komnenos continued his reign over the Sultanate. Acting as a vassal to the Gurkani Sultanate, he would only be answerable to the Gurkani Amir. The military and the navy were developed along the same lines as their Gurkani counterparts, with a major naval base constructed at the city of Trabzon, where the Trabzon fleet was also situated. Trabzoni authorities continue to work on the construction of a fleet at Trabzon, working side by side with Castilian authorities. The Trabzon Amir, Alexios IV Komnenos would continue to develop the trade route leading from his Black Sea port of Trabzon, connecting it to the city of Tabriz, hoping to make the spice trade routes much more advanced and efficient.
 * Totonacapan: We continue to expand south at a high pace, building fortresses and towns to keep the new areas under our control. Metal working continues to grow, with citizens being able to afford them, allowing more Warriors to be modernly armed, the richest ones owning long daggers, almost swords but more like machetes. Xallapan, Cempoala, Papantla and Colipa are further integrated into the Confederacy. El Tajin market prospers, being in a major trade route, along with El Tajin having many visitors to witness its magnificence, turning into a major hub thanks to its proximity to Papantla. Another 2000 people accept the KIng's gracious bounty, along with new plots to build their homes and relocate in El Tajin being astonished by its magnificence. Also an estimate is made by a renowned scholar for our the population of our five biggest population centers, estimating that our capital Xallapan has around 120,000 population and is by far the biggest and the most populous city in the confederacy, Cempoala has around 80,000 population and is now rebuild and economic life gets back on track again thanks to several projects in the area, Papantla has around 60,000 population with its market growing to support the new increase in trade, Colipa has around 25,000 population with its walls being praised by its citizens for their solidness and endurance and El Tajin has around 4000 population settlers from the whole Confederacy, aiming to receive the generous king's bounty for relocating there as well as new houses. The rights of non Totonacs continue to get revoked in favor of Totonacs, with the Mayan people being the only exemption. We start trading minorities/non-Totonacs with the Aztecs to sacrifice to their gods in exchange for food, cattle, gold, diamonds and many other resources.  In order to secure the northern coast we send an ultimatum to the Tochpan to become our vassal or we shall invade them. [MOD RESPONSE] 
 *  Tochpan readies itself for war 
 * Abbasid Caliphate: The incredible victory of General Al-Najm completely annexed Yemen, losing only 300 men in the process. He led his men into the Mosque of Sana'a, and prayed the Jumah prayer facing north toward Mecca, before proceeding on his next invasion against Somalia. By this time, the Sultan of Somalia Sabr Al-Din had no hope but to send his full force against Al-Najm and hope for the best. In a decisive naval battle, Al-Najm managed to defeat Al-Din and take the captial city of Zeila. When the report of this attack reached Al-Mustansir, he was in the process of surveying the construction of the new modern fortress in Damietta. Realising the potential of dominating the Red Sea, Al-Mustansir began improving the navy within that region, as well as modernising the ships in general. These new ships would based on the galleys of the Ottomans, but mounted with their own cannons and mortars.


 * Ottoman Empire: The sultan works to build schools across the Ottoman Empire and works on hiring people across the state. More Muslims are sent to the south and some Turks are sent to mix with the other Muslims in the areas. The army then is brought back to surround the city while the army tries to gain more troops to replace. With the loss of the city Murad goes into Ankara and works on his army and navy weaponry. The sultan then begins to work on trading with the Thrimids and the Caliphate. Murad begins to send traders past Thrimid's land to Afghanistan and some going into India. The sultan begins to work on making Ankara a new city as Murda said "Better then the other" as he works on making the city a trading center - while the army is trained. The Sultan begins to work his military training.
 * Serbia (Ottoman vassal): The sultan begins to create 1000 more mosques - mostly in the South. More imams are sent to Serbia in hope of converting the population. With the riots across the vassals the government is sent in to stop any riots but the government halts their construction of mosques (but already-built mosques will stay) but Serbian Muslims are recommend to move down south and to spread across the green areas and to populate the area.
 * Wallachia (Ottoman vassal): The sultan begins to create 800 more mosques - mostly in the South, and recruiting peasants for the army. More imams are sent to Serbia in hope of converting the population. The troops are ordered not to fire unless fired upon, the troops begin to work on defenses. The castle is now worked on by peasants. With the riots across the vassals the government is sent in to stop any riots but the government halts their construction of mosques (but already-built mosques will stay) but Wallachian Muslims are recommended to move down south and to spread across the green areas while they are recommended to then populate the area. The area is set up with defenses to stop the crusader army.
 * Epirus (Ottoman vassal): The state begins to send aid to civilians after Sultan Mehmed is heard saying "Let the Christians, Jews and anyone get food ... so long as they stay with the state.


 * In accordance with prior negotiations, the Government of Aragon presents the following Act to the Government of Castile for consideration. In other news, we continue reconstruction of Barcelona. It is anticipated that the newly rebuilt city will be fully completed by 1450. Temporary villages around the city are also built to house the citizens of Barcelona, and it is seen to that these villages remain clean and the population healthy and satisfied. Crown Princess Arianne continues her preparations for her role as the next Queen of Aragon. Expansion of the Royal Armada continues in earnest, with ship numbers reaching  360  340(?) this year. Mass production of the Catherine Handgonne begins, and they are first supplied to the most loyal and high-ranking of military officials, though they will not become standard issue for quite some time. Construction of the University of Barcelona also begins, and it is slated to open in 1440.  Tensions with Genoa rise, especially over the failed attempt to cause unrest in Majorca; the King expresses his utmost gratitude to the Balearic nobility for remaining by his side.  The King has also unveiled plans this year to create a new national bank, the Royal Bank of Barcelona, which will attempt to rival the Genoese Bank of St George. The headquarters of the new bank are also under construction in the new city of Barcelona, and the King appoints Raul Ramírez I Sarrió as the bank's inaugural chief. The King loans ten caravels to the bank for mercantile use and for purposes pertaining to the bank.
 * That number is too high. ~Edge
 * Hey esse, you don't know about that ~Skai


 * Mayapan: Continues the integration of the southern city-states into the League. Each new state is expected to supply men to train and serve in the national army. Expansion continues northward along the coast of the Nuchol Sea (OTL Gulf of Mexico). The council seeks to improve commerce and communication between the many settlements of the Yucatan by constructing and maintaining roads between them. Due to Emperor-King Iktan's initiative, work continues to renovate and update existing buildings, roads and to create plans for future upkeep and renovations. In response to agressive Aztec expansion, the army is increased to an available 35,000 troops, up from the previous 30,000.
 * Chimu Empire:  Lamma wool cloth begins to be used more as people begin to profit largely from the creation of a counting system, and some continue to work on developing a symbol system for numbers instead of rope which can be drawn on a piece of cloth rather than large strands of rope. The construction of canals and irrigation systems continue throughout the Empire, with the first canal from the low lands of former Cuzco now connecting to the more populated regions of the Empire, allowing trade to expand greater still and the citizens of the Empire and along the canal to grow and gain more wealth, which in turn allows more families to afford bronze daggers for their Culn Units, modernizing the Empires armies even further. A small group of reed ships reaches OTL Panama by sailing along the coast, and establishes a small fortress there for restock and supply in case future groups or ships sail near them. From this point the ships split up, with three heading back to the Empire to tell of their discoveries and what seems to be a great ocean on the other side of the land, while three ships, under the command of one man who bought or replaced the other ships' captains, and setting up near the fort, where they begin to build homes and a small settlement arises, named Chi-Tona after the Emperor. The settlement numbers around 66 people, while about 30 men prefer to stay on the ships and explore the local area.
 * Cologne: For the moment being, Dietrich II gives up on his request that Adelphina be canonized as a saint outright without any particular evidence of her sainthood. The barracks in Westphalen continue to be built. Finally, the people become more and more satisfied with their rulers; the Court of Discipline now works very smoothly, dissuading priests from selling indulgences for monetary benefit, or taking lovers.
 * Essen: Word of Abbess Margarete’s public lectures and counselling groups continues to spread along trade routes to Sweden, Hamburg and Brandenburg, and she writes to each of these nations with a request for them to adopt the Adelphinian Reforms and host two canonesses to assist their Church with the reform. She also writes to Cleve, Limburg and Geldern [MOD RESPONSE PLEASE] with the same request to set up a Court of Discipline in their Church and adopt Adelphinian Reforms as per the Concord of Luxembourg, along with the offer for a trade deal. This will help these nations keep peace with the Hussites in their folds and will encourage those who have heard of the many good things happening in Essen: people are satisfied with their Godly rulers, and the canonesses help those who are poorest in Essen to get back on their feet. The majority of children are educated in the main school and the majority of people have access to some kind of hospital.
 * Order of Knights Hospitaller: Worried that the new Tertiaries are neglecting their spiritual duties, Grand Master Jean de Lastic collaborates with the Archbishop of Rhodes and Primate of the Greek Islands, Robert of Devon, to devise an Office of Readings for them. It is in effect a shortened version of the normal Divine Office, and is based on the Little Office of Our Lady. After being given Robert's imprimatur, the Little Office of the Hospitaller Tertiary is distributed amongst the Knights and Squires Tertiary to be prayed alone or in common every day, and in common on Sundays and feast days. It will of course take some time before its use becomes widespread. Work begins on a new round of fortification-building on Rhodes and in Candia city.
 * Papal States:  The Papacy continues to improve itself at home and abroad. More tension with the Orthodox is eased over time, but the situation remains slightly tenous at the moment. The presence of the Orthodox Patriarch in Rome does help to assuage matters regarding issues of common ground. (Other mods, I am on vacation and cannot do much at the moment, but ask Sky or Nathan to message me and I shall answer. I may also write mod events on the page, so be aware. -MP)


 * ​ Constantinople:  Continues the process of reconcilliation between the two churches, although much remains to be done. More defense work is also done.
 * Korea: Continues development as a centralised command economy under King Yi Do, with the augmentation of the Korean metallurgical industry being prioritised. Mining activities within the Hamgyeong and Ryojeo provinces continue, with the mined iron ore and coal being sent to southern industrial complexes. Seeking to mirror the economic sophistication of the Ming, the financial ministry introduces a list of reforms that aim to commercialize the economy. To incentivize participation within the market, tax burdens are removed, the corvée system is replaced with a head tax system used to hire labourers, whilst the activities of merchants are encouraged and subsidised in certain cases. Many core industries within Korea are monopolized and placed within state-ownership so that they are oriented to fulfilling national goals rather than personal financial interests. Roads link major settlements and a large canal mirrored after China's begins construction, linking the Nakdeong and Han rivers and adjacent settlements. Declaring that food is so plentiful, especially with the acquisition of arable lands to the north, Yi Do begins encourages the the cultivation of cash crops in place of grains and the production of handicrafts, textiles, and luxury items – further de-emphasizing the primary sector. To convey a promised age of prosperity, buildings in Hanseong are upscaled to include Chinese elements and traditional houses are destroyed in place of Chinese-style houses. The grid system is adopted to create a more orderly way of construction. Korea slows down expansion into Manchuria, with the government focusing on internal matters. Yi Do continues a military build-up in case of Jurchen or Japanese aggression, and continues to encourage education for the upper castes and the adoption of Yiism. With Korea now self-sufficient, Yi Do and important ambassadors, plus concubines and eunuchs, travel to the Ming in hopes of regaining independence whilst reestablishing the tributary system. ( MOD RESPONSE )
 * ​The Hongxi Emperor agrees to eleveate Korea to Tributary
 * Kingdom of Tondo:  Rajah Gambang further consolidates his power, discreetely assigning political opponents to far-flung provinces of  Tondo or to Tondo's vassals of Ma-I and Pangasinan, or to colonization attempts in Palawan, Busuanga, and Samar. The government of Tondo can be roughly described as a Federal Monarchy, with each province ruled by a council with members proportionate to the province's population. Rajah Gambang invites the Huang of Pangasinan, his daughter and Ma-I's regency council, and officials from every province to draft something akin to an OTL constitution, namely, the Saligang Batas ng Tondo at Nasasakupan Nito (Constitution of the sovereign Kingdom of Tondo and all its holdings and possesions). As Maynila is one of the richest cities in South East Asia, it is now high-time to create a lasting legacy for it. A series of bridges and canals connecting the Pasig and Tagik (OTL Taguig) Rivers and all their tributaries to provide acquatic transportation, ease movement of goods, and simply build bridges above the waterways to ease the transportation of people in the Greater Tondo Province (OTL Metro Manila). To prevent problems of income inequality and unequal development, selected families in the capital are given incentives of food and gold to relocate to developing towns and cities in Cavite, Romblon and Samar. A road network has already connected Tondo Province to Cavite, and a series of roads from southeastern and southern Luzon to Pangasinan has already began construction. Tondo metallurgical capabilities increase as blast furnaces and ironforges are built all around the state. The port of Maynila is further expanded, with the navy increasing by 25 small ships and seven war junks. Trade with nearby states continue. Tondo continues expansion in Samae, Palawan and Busuanga. 2000 additional soldiers are trained Diyang Kalangitan refuses to seat beside representatives from the local Japanese merchants during the drafting on the constitution, and representatives from Ma-I and Pangasinan also refuse to sit beside or near Japanese nationals. Gambang orders 300 ships to move to patrol the Visayas archipelago, mainly to protect the trade routes, and secretly to intimidate Cebu.


 * Huangdom of Ma-I: With Tondo's grace, Ma-I settles the western part of Busuanga Island, and dedicates 100 citizens there. Li Han thrives as a cultural and financial capital of Ma-I, while Beigang immediately becomes the second port of Tondo, and conducts trade regularly with nearby nations.
 * Huangdom of Pangasinan: With Tondo's grace, Pangasinan expands into Central and Northern Luzon, attempting to assimilate the mountain and Igorot tribes located nearby to access the massive agricultural treasure in the Banaue Rice Terraces and the farmlands of Central Luzon. The administrative capital city, Pangasinan, begins construction of a road connecting it to Maynila. Blast furnace construction continues, and a small defense fleet of  15 ships is allotted by Tondo to Pangasinan. Pangasinense traders report sightings of small islands west of Luzon, and scouts are sent by Pangasinan to verify their claims.
 * Within the Crown of Castile, King Henry IV continues to remove the power of the Aristocrats. The development of Toledo continues, with constuction on a new royal place set to finish in 1440. The city itself boasts a population of 52,000. Overall, the Crown of Castile has 4.6 million citizens. There are an estimated 570,000 remaining Granadan Muslims that under Henry IV will continue to be deported to Tunis. The University of Toldeo is founded, and is staffed by the children of nobles and royals. Sancho, as heir to the Castilian throne, is tutored privatly, while Isabella is school at the University of Toledo. The queen of Castile dies this year, and a royal funeral is held for her. Henry IV is written to have looked mildly disinterested throughout the whole funeral. Cathernie of Lancaster also dies this year. Culturally, the language of New Castilian begins to take hold among the higher class, which along side Latin is considered to be a proper language by many aristocrats. The expansion of the navy continues, adding more caravels, galleys and longships. Naval colleges continue being founded, and as a result the Castilian Navy is one of the most elite on the Atlantic and Med. Castile welcomes Aragonese settlers.


 * In the Kingdom of Gibraltar there remains an estimated 180,000 Bebers/Muslims. While the puppet regime continues to deport these settlers to Tunis, the lack of Castilian settlers make it difficult to resettle the area. Infrastrucutre developments see the creation of new irrigation ducts and canals. Beginning a long process of reclaim the desert and rough terrain. These developments mostly happen around Casablanca, where the terrian suits such developments eaiser. There is an estimated Christan Population of 25,000. Missonaries continue conversion efforts with some limited
 * In the Kingdom of Morocco, there remains an estimated 890,000 Bebers and Muslims. While the puppet regime continues to deport these to Tunis, there is an even smaller number of Castilian settlers willing to arrive in this nation. Despite this, there exists a population of 15,000 Castilians in Morocco. Infrastructure developments continue similarly to the Kingdom of Gibraltar, although the lack of Castilians to lead the project slows progress to a crawl.
 * Majapahit Empire: With the Order and the Legion running rampant across the Empire, the Second Sacred War begins, as the monastery in Mount Muria is captured, and the Order begins to take control over the territory in most of Sumatra, and east of Mount Bromo, with the Emperor sending troops to crush the troops in Eastern Java, while the Legion and the Order destroy each other in Sumatra. The Empire is able to crush an advance by the Order onto Lumajang and retake the city, but the Legion begins to push through into Western Sumatra against the Order, with both sides killing "infidels" and moderate members of both sects who refuse to cooperate alike. With that, the remaining government forces in Sumatra and the tributaries begin to regroup, with the Sumatran troops regrouping in Lampung, Southern Sumatra, and the troops in Borneo regrouping in the capital: Kota Batu, with Lampung being successfully solidified after a few days of fighting and the troops in Kota Batu making a final stand against the Legion. While that happens, Kuwat Wira decides to send reinforcements to both locations, hoping to arrive by early 1435 (since these ships departed in November). In the Javan Front, the Empire pushes as far as Mount Argopuro, before the year comes to a close. Meanwhile, in Mindanao, the Legion begins expanding its influence beyond the trade port and begins to strike at nearby nations, which begins to become a concern to the Tondo; a concern the Majapahit Empire plans to eliminate.
 * You cant strike "weak communities and tribes" There are fully-fuctioning states in Mindanao.
 * I can fix that. - Ace009
 * Bohemia: Wenceslaus V institutes the Reichsregiment, which reduces the legislative complexity of the Empire. Wenceslaus V continues the policies of Germanization that his father had started. He has a son with his wife this year, naming him Heidrich I, taking a German name to continue Germanization. By this time, German is becoming the native language of most of the younger people in the nation (ages ~30 and under), as they were taught so in schooling and see it everywhere in public. Meanwhile, Czech remains the dominant language among the older populace. German culture begins to make its way into main Bohemian lands, as the German lands in Saxony and the surrounding areas begin to send its culture into Czech areas. Wenceslaus V offers vassalization to the nearby nation of Nurnburg. (Mod Response). The University of Leipzig is founded in this year.
 * Nuremberg accepts. -Sky
 * The Wichita Confederacy decides to devote it's resources to building up the village of Wichita. A large stone statue of the chief is sculpted (OTL Keeper of the Plains). While the infrastructure is built up in the city, the wall inside the moat is demolished, and larger new walls are built. A small five-foot wall with parapets just past the moat, a 12-foot hybrid stone wall with log frames and supports along with watch towers, and a spike moat at the outer foot of the inside wall.
 * Iroquois Confederacy: We continue to expand our infrastructure. Less and less people are living in outpost settlements, retreating to the safety of the inner cities to avoid raiding tribes. The forts on the borders are reinforced and reconstructed to better defend the Confederacy.
 * It is a glorious year for Naxos, as Duke John II Crispo and Princess Eleanor of Aragon are married. The wedding takes place in Naxos on the beach of Agios Prokopios. As a gift to his wife, John II offers the lordship of island of Sifnos to her brother, Prince Henry of Aragon. Meanwhile, the islands officially break from Naples and declare independence. Production of the alcoholic drink Kitron begins on Naxos, and mining for marble continues on Paros. William Crispo, the brother of Duke John II, is put in charge of the ship design process with the Aragonese shipbuilders; he envisions a ship with two masts and square rigs. The navy stabilizes at 55 ships: 30 longships, 15 carracks, and ten cogs.
 * The Kingdom of England:  Victory after victory, King Henry V's  esteemed generals continue to batter down the Scottish forces. One general in particular continues to stand out, winning substantial victories against the Scottish among all odds. His name: General William Scarlet. General Scarlet has been made lead commander of all English forces in the North, King Henry V invites Scarlet's family to London, as he moves them into one of his estates, as they live under royal control and hospitality. Danish troops continue to help fight with England, as large strides are made against Scotland, land continues to be taken under English control, the reserves from Nottingham are sent north to maintain control in the Scottish lands. England expands their military and economy, the economy is booming back in England's mainland, with the war continuing to be on the enemy's heartland, England is able to completely boom, their economy prospering and thriving during a nice peace time back at home. Sends representatives to The Kingdom of France  to try to work toward a finalized peace.


 * Wales: The welsh continue to centralize and urbanize as Henry V sees a bright future for the area. Many resources are found within the mountainous area of Wales. Military and economy expands, as troops are sent to Nottingham to rebuild a new a garrison. The economy expands through trade, and the growth that England is channeling.
 * Dublin: With a small number of Danish troops still in Dublin, they use these soldiers to train more recruits along with the other English installment there, and expand their military and economy. Dublin continues to fortify their defenses, and continues having migrating Irish peoples come, even with the small tax. Dublin offers under English jurisdiction the other Irish states and cities, protection, guidance, soldiers, ships, and resources if they join England and swear fealty to the English crown, promising to grow the newly joined members.
 * Bahmanids: Ali Nadeem Shah finds himself at the center of a swirl of finger-pointing at the Bahmanid court. Many nobles compare him unfavorably with his father, Firuz. One of the more brazen even says so to his face. Ali Nadeem responds with two words, sabr karho. (Have patience) The Bahmanids secretly funnel funds to the more isolationist factions in the Omani court.
 * Benin: Upon the recommendation of Uwaifiokun and the War Council of Benin, Oba Isikhuan introduces a series of military warehouses that shall store the supplies and foodstuffs needed for the military to operate for prolonged periods of time without worrying about supply lines until needed. Each warehouse is expected to store enough dried foodstuffs for five ogun, about 15,000 men, for a prolonged three to four month campaign. These centers will be located throughout Benin, and on the Imperial and Metropolitan Army bases where they can be protected from theft and raiding along the border. Expansion of the road network continues, with the creation of a relay system for couriers in service to the imperial government alongside the roads. The towns of Tanna (OTL Abidjan) and Eloro (OTL Kumasi) are given the status of cities by the Oba as they reach populations of 20,000 each. Ogun XXX Akan is re-positioned to the northwest of Eloro to continue assisting the settlers in expanding into Akan territory. The two neighboring oguns also assist with this task, helping the settlers to push 10,000 kilometers into the region, and establishing settlements as they go. The same process of enslavement and ethnic culling continue under the oversight of the warriors, and the settlers continue to establish themselves as permanent residents in the region. Meanwhile, the Oba summons the War Council to discuss plans for the future of the empire, as he wishes to further secure the empire's borders against Mali, Kwarafa, and the Kanem Empire, as well as the Tikar and Bassa people of Cameroon. Ogun XVIII Mahi is moved to the southeastern border to reinforce Ogun IV Igbo, and Ogun XIX Borgu is sent to the border with the Mali Empire to prevent Malian cross-border slave raids. Twelve cannon are added to the arsenal of the Benin Imperial Army after the successes shown during the war against Songhai, increasing the number of cannon from twenty to thirty-two. Elsewhere, five more akakan are added to the navy, as part of the empire's restructuring of the fleet. A decree is passed by the Oba on the advice of the uzama to restructure the administrative divisions of Benin from small districts into larger provinces. This will aid with the process of taxation and defense, as well as the organization of agriculture and schooling. With this development, the clergy of Benin requests the Oba's permission to reorganize the schools throughout the empire into a more manageable state, to which the Oba agree. He authorizes the formation of a province-based network of schools, with each city required to have a schooled funded and managed by the state. All children are required to attend, though special exceptions are made to farmers who need their children to assist them on their land, and merchants who send their children to private schools. All schools are required to teach children to read and write at a basic level, as well as teach them Kuzir religious doctrines, and instill a sense of national identity, strong work ethics and devotion to community rather than to self. Finally, the process of converting all methods of payment into smaller mina coins, while reserving the larger and more valuable zuruoke and mpempe coinage for banking and large denominations, has been completed. According to bookkeepers throughout Benin, the average yearly pay for a Bini subject is about 150 mina.
 * Mogadishu: The nation's income continues to grow, both from increased tariffs and from the Royal Trade Fleet. Our manufacturers expand and make more money. We further expand toward the Jubba River, as canals, dikes and ditches are being built. The land surrounding the Jubba-Shebelle Rivers becomes more fertile. 10,000 local tribesman and foreign settlers became citizens of our nation last year due to our policies of land reclamation and immigration attraction. We built cannons in our Chinese furnaces, which we received from China from Zheng He's trip.
 * Mogadishu Diplomacy: We send gifts of gold and precious metals to the Bahmanids to help them recover.


 * Queen Emma of Denmark: I received the news that my father, Eric of Pomerania, King of Denmark has died, and I collapsed on the floor of the  Castle of Copenhagen and I wept, mourning the loss of my father. No words can describe how sad and broken I am, losing my father. I hug my mother, Queen Phillipa of England, and she embraces me and says "It's OK   to cry Emma, but don't spend your life in mourning. You are Queen of Denmark now and you must rule Denmark and make it even greater than Eric   left it. This was Eric's one wish to you, that you would be even greater than he was." My mother was right, the only thing Father wanted was   for me to rule even better than he did, thus I held Eric's funeral and was coronated as Queen of Denmark on the anniversary of the establishment of   the Kalmar Union and I further expanded the greatness of Copenhagen by expanding the University of Copenhagen, with numerous theologians, doctors, natural philosophers, philosophers, and artists pouring into the University where they are free to debate and experiment. I vote for King Johnathan Gyldenlove of Norway to succeed Eric as the King of the KU.

1435
<p style="font-weight:normal;"> '''Orthodox churches upset with the decision of the Patriarch of Constantinople unite in their rejection of him and his policies. They now look to the Patriarch of Jerusalem as their spiritual head, although some churches, notably the Russian one, hold the de facto power. Most of the European Greek churches remain loyal to the Patriarch of Constantinople at this present time.'''


 * Luckily for them, they knew to wait eight years before doing so, so MP would be away, unable to respond to their defection. ;) Callumthered (talk) 12:51, August 21, 2016 (UTC) (Unless that was written by MP, in which case I just look dumb)
 * LOL, it was in fact written by MP. -Nate
 * And Lo, I did, in fact, look dumb, LOL. Callumthered (talk) 19:25, August 21, 2016 (UTC)
 * Lol. In retrospect, this event is meant to be the result of a buildup of discontent, which I now realize is not clear. But in any case, the intent was for it to happen a little while after the unification. -MP

<p style="font-weight:normal;"> With the rising Renaissance philosophy, occultist Christianity begins to appear as many people begin dabbling in mysterious rites outside of Canon law, mainly among peasants wishing to find mystical healing and nobility experimenting with the fad.

<p style="font-weight:normal;"> The Ming Dynasty establishes a small colony in Taiwan.

<p style="font-weight:normal;"> Minor political instability appears in the Iroquois Confederacy as many tribal leaders find cultural disparity between each other.

<p style="font-weight:normal;">'''ALL PLAYERS, I just have a quick request. For the sake of aesthetics and formatting, could we please ensure that our turns are in the normal default size and font used on the wiki? I understand that the issue is often caused by pasting turns written in other applications. A simple way to avoid having the wrong size/font is to simply paste the text into the game in Source Mode. Many thanks, Callumthered (talk) 12:51, August 21, 2016 (UTC) '''

<p style="font-weight:normal;">'''No but seriously there's a format button left to the align-left if you don't use source mode. Just select normal and it should be all good. SkyGreen24 21:26, August 21, 2016 (UTC)'''

<p style="font-weight:normal;">
 * Duchy of Burgundy: early this year, Duke Philip commissions several sailors to travel past Castillian Morocco, and down the west coast of Africa. He hopes that this will make contact with "Benin", a place that's been talked about among the merchant class for some time now. Unfortunately, the captains underestimate the supplies needed, and are forced to turn for home near the OTL Canary Islands. Meanwhile, Duke Philip consolidates administrative power away from local nobles, and into the Estates General (albeit, it is mostly made up of nobles). The main body in Dijon makes policy for the entire realm, while a lower body in Brussels deals with local matters in the Netherlands, before sending proposals to Dijon for approval if it is a major issue. A notice is sent to the Prince-Bishop of Liege, offering him the oppritinity to become a vassal of Burgundy. (Mod response please)
 * The Gurkani Sultanate:  Amir Ulugh Beg Mirza was proclaimed as the sultan of the Sultanate, starting a new era under his rule. The Gurkani population rose to about 52 million with the people flocking to cities like Herat, Isfahan, Merv, Aktau, Samarkand and Iskenderun; primarily due to their strategic position in the spice trade. The military was primarily composed of medium-to-heavy cavalry, composite bow, lance, mace, and sword. Heavy cavalrymen wore plated chain mail or metal lamellar armor, with their horses also wearing leather or metal lamellar barding. The infantry was equipped with daggers and swords to be utilised in close combat against the enemy and elephants as well as carts were used for the transportation of supplies. Cannons were constructed to serve as siege weaponry whilst experimental muskets were beginning to be developed. Naval bases were established at Iskenderun, Trabzon and Gamrun to establish the presence of the Gurkani fleet in the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea and the Persian Gulf respectively, keen on controlling the sudden surge in piracy. The Gurkani Navy developed galleys and carracks to augment the smaller patrol fleets. Agriculture and commerce were at the Sultanate's forepoint, with wheat, rice and barley being amongst the largest produced crops. Fishery was promoted as well as it helped in sustaining the fishery villages that were present along the coast, as well as the major port cities of Iskenderun, Basra, Gamrun, Aktau and Trabzon. The Sultanate mined large amounts of silver and gold, to serve as currency as well as ornaments and jewellery. Importance was also given on the development of proper roads for the merchants utilizing the trade routes through the Sultanate. Meanwhile, the Sultanate continued to expand its territories into the Persian Gulf island, Caucasus and toward Siberia. With the end of the famine, peace and prosperity returned to the nation. Yet, in order to prevent such a catastrophic event from taking place ever again, the sultan ordered the Amirs of each respective province to start the storage of food supplies; stacking up on crops to be utilized either in times of famine or to be exported in case of a good crop output. Side by side, keen on stamping out on raiders and thieves, the sultan also passed a royal decree arming any and all caravans utilizing the routes present throughout the Sultanate. This action whilst seen by many as an attempt to please merchants was in fact taken to take a stand against the raiders and to remind them that the sultan did not take rebels lightly. The Amirs of Samarkand and Bukhara were specifically given orders to round up anyone suspected of having engaged in the raiding of Gurkani caravans.  Having ascended the throne, Ulugh Beg Mirza ordered the construction of educational madrassahs throughout the Empire, keen on spreading education and knowledge amongst the populace of the Sultanate. The Sultan sought to replicate the Islamic Golden Age that existed during the period of the Abbasids prior to the Mongol Invasion, and accordingly funded the teaching of Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, with Algebra, Geometry, Astronomy, Anatony and Medicine being of prime importance. By the end of the year, the Sultan established the House of Wisdom in Isfahan, hoping to rival the Abbasid Library in Alexandria. Around the same time, the Sultan directed funds towards the Ulugh Beg Observatory and the Maragheh Observatory. Meanwhile, in regards to the administrative affairs of the state, the Sultan appointed his son and heir; Nader Shah Mirza as the Amir of Samarkand. Finally, with Nader Shah Mirza, Mahmud Mirza and Ahmad Sultan all reaching maturity; the Sultan began to seek suitable brides for his son, and nephews respectively. 
 * Jalayirid Sultanate: Sultana Saima Daula continued her reign over the Sultanate. Acting as a vassal to the Gurkani Sultanate, she would only be answerable to the Gurkani Amir. The military and the navy were developed along the same lines as their Gurkani counterparts, with a major naval base constructed at Iskenderun where the Jalayirid fleet was also situated. Jalayirid authorities continue to work on the construction of a fleet at İskenderun, working side by side with Castilian authorities. The Jalayirid Sultana, Rukhsana Daula would continue to develop the trade route leading from his Mediterranean port of İskenderun to his Persian Gulf port of Basra, hoping to make it much more advanced and efficient. Saima Daula became pregnant, and gave birth to a son who was named Salman Beg Mirza. 
 * Khedivate of Trabzon: Amir Alexios IV Komnenos continued his reign over the Sultanate. Acting as a vassal to the Gurkani Sultanate, he would only be answerable to the Gurkani Amir. The military and the navy were developed along the same lines as their Gurkani counterparts, with a major naval base constructed at the city of Trabzon, where the Trabzon fleet was also situated. Trabzoni authorities continue to work on the construction of a fleet at Trabzon, working side by side with Castilian authorities. The Trabzon Amir, Alexios IV Komnenos would continue to develop the trade route leading from his Black Sea port of Trabzon, connecting it to the city of Tabriz, hoping to make the spice trade routes much more advanced and efficient.
 * Gurkani Diplomacy: The Gurkani Sultan, Ulugh Beg offers his nephew, Ahmad Sultan in marriage to the daughter of the Khan of the Chagatai Khanate [Mod Response]
 * Accepted
 * Abbasid Caliphate: After completing the African campaign, crushing all the Coptic nations, Al-Najm returned to Cairo in triumph, where Al-Mustansir's haram prepared a grand banquet in his honor. But being modest as he was ingenius, Al-Najm humbly denied all glory and sensual pleasures, but instead secluded himself to his home town of Herekropolis. After these festivities, Al-Mustansir proceeded through the process of annexing these territories to the Caliphate, setting up the ecclesiatical and political beuracracy established by his brother. In a speach Al-Mustansir delivered in Dongola himself, the Copts were allowed to freely practics their religion as long as they continued to pay the Jizya tax. The navy continued to be improved, and the Red Sea navy was also continued to be bulit. Seeing the Orthodox and Catholic renewed interest in Jerusalem, the Caliph declares that pilgrimage to this city will be freely open as they were before, only asking for a small fee equivilant to 40% of the Jizya tax.
 * Emirate of Afar: A naval fortress is built on either side of the straite to control trade in and out of the Red Sea. The navy is built up, in hopes of rivaling Oman and Mogdashu for trade in the Indian Ocean. The territory of Afar expands north into OTL Eritrea 10,000 km.
 * Benin: Seeking to boast his prestige, Oba Isikhuan summons the war council to his palace in Edo, and request they suggest a plan of action he may take to fill the shoes of his father, still popular with the people of Benin. Many suggest that he wage a campaign against the Tikar of Cameroon, who have continuously refused to bend the knee to Benin, while others suggest marching against the kingdom of Kwarafa, which has stood firm against Bini domination. However, displeased with the suggestions, Isikhuan decides on marching against Mali, to which his uncle Uwaifiokun immediately objects. He states that the invasion of Mali would be unwise, and vilify the empire in the eyes of its neighbors as expansionist. However, Iyase Ezeani states that such an invasion would boost Benin's prestige and influence, and finally topple the dying Mali Empire as the dominate power in West Africa. Disregarding the wise council of his uncle, Isikhuan takes the advice of Ezeani, and decides to declare on Mali, and annex it into the empire. Marshaling his forces for war, Isikhuan uses the excuse that Mali has been sponsoring the cross-border slave raids into Benin, and kidnapping loyal Bini subjects who are later sold into slavery. While most Bini understand that this is untrue, given the fractious nature of Mali and its government, most blame the Malians for the suspicious and untimely death of Oba Ewuare, and support the invasion as a means of striking back at an old foe. Five additional akakan are built for the campaign, and additional warriors are called into service for the coming war. Elsewhere, the Bini settlers continue to expand into the lands of Ghana by 10,000 km, using their superior numbers to overwhelm the lands of the Akan by force of arms. Because of the constant expansion of the Bini into the Akan's lands, and the extermination of the adult male population, the number of men to women has been artificially altered to the point where women outnumber men 7-to-1. Seeking to fix this issue, before going on campiang, Oba Isikhuan decrees that all girls reaching the point of fertility, the age of 11, may be married off and may take part in intimate relations with the aim of impregnation. Furthermore, the Oba also decrees that the number of wives a man may legally possess shall be increased from five to ten, allowing for the male population to recover while promoting population growth in the new lands conquered by Benin. Special rights are given to the first wives of Bini men, allowing them to have a say in management of land, property and finances, as well as granting them equal legal status to their husbands, while denying the additional wives such power. Elsewhere, Dari Sakidi Abubakar of the Imperial University of Edo, begins an investigation into the odd increase in female births compared to male births in many parts of the empire. He surmises that something may be amiss with the virility of Bini men and warriors, and believes that this may have long-term consequences for the empire if not addressed immediately by the imperial government.


 * With the signing of the Acts of Union, Aragon begins the process of integrating with Castile to create Great Iberia. The second step has also already been achieved, with settlers and migrants now able to freely move between the territories of Castile and Aragon. It is found that our harbours cannot support further naval growth as previously projected by the government, and so expansion ceases for the time being at 350 ships. Instead, resources are now focused on improving existing vessels. Older ships are now also decommissioned and scrapped, to be replaced by newer models. Rebuilding of Barcelona continues, and the expansion of the Royal Bank of Barcelona begins as regional branches open in Valencia, Majorca, Sardinia and Sicily. We open branches of the Bank in Castile this year.
 * Chimu Empire: The Empire continues its work on irrigation and canals, projecting that it should be completed within a few more years. Bronze short swords/fie machetes reach about 70% of the Culn units in the Empire, giving the Empire its most lethal weaponry and equipment in decades, maybe centuries. The Crown begins buying local supply and storage depoys along roads, and instituting rope counting for them all on a single standard. Work on making a common set of symbols instead of ropes continues, with some former Quzco wisemen starting to work with a set of them to see if they will work. The Empire begins officially sending settlers north to Chu-Ica, and by the years end it will grow to approximately 227 people. Reed ships sailing south have found a small group of tribes in the south calling itself the Manchu, and the two cultures begin to exchange stories and knowledge, though Chimu technology is hidden from them, except for Reed ships, which are shown off with pride.
 * Iroquois Confederacy: Wishing to keep peace between his people, Chief Notaku calls for a Gathering of Chiefs. Leaders from all over the land gather at Nowadaga to discuss concerns about the growing nation. To combat the cultural differences amongst his leaders, Notaku decrees that emissaries from each tribe are to be sent to the other tribes within the Confederacy. They are to only stay for a few months but their job is to educate their hosts about their home. Through this education process, Chief Notaku hopes that his people can gain a better understanding for each other and realize how similar they all are. He also has shamans trained and sent from Nowadaga to insure that all Iroquois are receiving the best care possible and always hear the word of the Creator. To not disrupt nature, Chief Notaku also implores that care be taken when constructing new roads and buildings. He leaves it up to his shamans to insure this. Finally, with his nation reaching 30,000 people, Notaku develops a system of laws that he gives to his shamans to share in every village. They are five principles that he hopes help sustain stability: 1) All people are free. 2) People have the freedom and right of speech and religion. 3) No Iroquois shall spill the blood of another Iroquois. 4) Consequence of split blood is punishment. 5) Continuous breaking of these laws shall result in banishment. With this constitution, arises the need for a system to make sure fair punishment is met. Notaku decrees that if a crime is commited, the culprit will face trial with his/her community as the jury. The shamans trained at Nowadaga are also given the task of deciding if fair punishment has been given.
 * Ottoman Empire: The sultan works to build schools across the Ottoman Empire and works on hiring people across the state. More Muslims are sent to the south and some Turks are sent to mix with the other Muslims in the areas. The army then is brought back to surround the city while the army tries to gain more troops to replace. With the loss of the city Murad goes into Ankara and works on his army and navy weaponry. The sultan then begins to work on trading with the Thrimids and the Caliphate. Murad begins to send traders past Thrimid's land to Afghanistan and some going into India. The sultan begins to work on making Ankara a new city as Murda said "Better then the other" as he works on making the city a trading center - while the army is trained. The Sultan begins to work his military training.
 * Serbia (Ottoman vassal): The sultan begins to create 1000 more mosques - mostly in the South. More imams are sent to Serbia in hope of converting the population. With the riots across the vassals the government is sent in to stop any riots but the government halts their construction of mosques (but already-built mosques will stay) but Serbian Muslims are recommend to move down south and to spread across the green areas and to populate the area.
 * Wallachia (Ottoman vassal): The sultan begins to create 800 more mosques - mostly in the South, and recruiting peasants for the army. More imams are sent to Serbia in hope of converting the population. The troops are ordered not to fire unless fired upon, the troops begin to work on defenses. The castle is now worked on by peasants. With the riots across the vassals the government is sent in to stop any riots but the government halts their construction of mosques (but already-built mosques will stay) but Wallachian Muslims are recommended to move down south and to spread across the green areas while they are recommended to then populate the area. The area is set up with defenses to stop the crusader army.
 * Epirus (Ottoman vassal): The state begins to send aid to civilians after Sultan Mehmed is heard saying "Let the Christians, Jews and anyone get food ... so long as they stay with the state.
 * The Kingdom of England:  Victory after victory, King Henry V's  esteemed generals continue to batter down the Scottish forces. One general in particular continues to stand out, winning substantial victories against the Scottish among all odds. His name: General William Scarlet. General Scarlet has been made lead commander of all English forces in the North, King Henry V invites Scarlet's family to London, as he moves them into one of his estates, as they live under royal control and hospitality. Danish troops continue to help fight with England, as large strides are made against Scotland, land continues to be taken under English control, the reserves from Nottingham are sent north to maintain control in the Scottish lands. England expands their military and economy, the economy is booming back in England's mainland, with the war continuing to be on the enemy's heartland, England is able to completely boom, their economy prospering and thriving during a nice peace time back at home. Sends representatives to The Kingdom of France  to try to work toward a finalized peace.
 * Wales: The Welsh continue to centralize and urbanize as Henry V sees a bright future for the area. Many resources are found within the mountainous area of Wales. Military and economy expands, as troops are sent to Nottingham to rebuild a new garrison. The economy expands through trade, and the growth that England is channeling.
 * Dublin: With a small number of Danish troops still in Dublin, they use these soldiers to train more recruits along with the other English installment there, and expand their military and economy. Dublin continues to fortify their defenses and continues having migrating Irish peoples come, even with the small tax. Dublin offers under English jurisdiction the other Irish states and cities, protection, guidance, soldiers, ships, and resources if they join England and swear fealty to the English crown, promising to grow the newly joined members.

<p style="font-weight:normal;">​**Constantinople: Continues the process of reconcilliation between the two churches, although much remains to be done. More defense work is also done. Heretical sects in the city are still small, but a few such cultists are discovered and are soon burned after they fail to confess their sinful practices.
 * Mogadishu: The nation's income continues to grow, both from increased tariffs and from the Royal Trade Fleet. Our manufacturers expand and make more money. We further expand toward the Jubba River, as canals, dikes and ditches are being built. The land surrounding the Jubba-Shebelle Rivers becomes more fertile. 10,000 local tribesman and foreign settlers became citizens of our nation last year due to our policies of land reclamation and immigration attraction. We built cannons in our Chinese furnaces, which we received from China from Zheng He's trip. Sultan Ali invite rich and powerful councilors to Comoros, which he then offered them to give their powers and influence to the Sultan and swear eternal loyalty in return to retire in the beautiful tropical islands of Comoros. (RNG please for the effort of centralization).
 * We send some gold to the Bahmanis to help them recover.
 * Cologne: After mass one day, Archbishop Dietrich II is interrupted by a random villager. The villager swears that he had been praying for his son, who had been born very sickly thanks to birth complications, and had directed the prayer to God through Adelphina. Eventually, the baby boy had recovered and the villager swears it was all thanks to Adelphina acting through the afterlife and bringing his message directly to God. Dietrich II is pleased by this and makes a note of it in his diary, assuring the villager that he can visit the tomb of Adelphina in Essen Abbey if he is so inclined.
 * Essen: Abbess Margarete, given the popularity of her public lectures and counselling groups and the fact that this is spreading along trade routes, again offers Sweden, Hamburg and Brandenburg the assistance of canonesses in order to adopt the Adelphinian Reforms. She also writes to Cleve, Limburg and Geldern [MOD RESPONSE PLEASE] with the offer of a trade deal (with Cologne) along with a request to set up a Court of Discipline and adopt Adelphinian Reforms as Berg, Mark and Julich have done before them. Meanwhile, some canonesses work on decorating Adelphina’s tomb, where her remains were buried in Essen Abbey upon her death.
 * Trade is accepted -Skyboi
 * Order of Knights Hospitaller: The usage of the Little Office of the Tertiary becomes more widespread amongst the Order's Tertiaries, improving their spiritual lives. Grand Master Jean strongly condemns the Schismatic Easterners, and calls on the pope and other Christian leaders to bring a swift end to it. The Orthodox bishop of Candia, being immediately subject to the Patriarch of Constantinople, remains steadfast in supporting the reunified Church. His counterpart on Rhodes, acknowledging the improvement in his life and thoseof his flock since the reunification, also remain with the reunified Church. Work continues on the islands' fortifications.
 * Kingdom of Tondo: Diyang Kalangitan finally convinces her father and the remaining Japanese supporters that their subservience to Japan is not beneficial to the nation, as seen by Korea's thrashing of Japanese military might. Diyang Kalangitan and a series of envoys make a visit to the Ming to SECRETLY discuss plans to overthrow the Japanese with Ming's naval and military support. In exchange for Ming, Tondo will instead be a Ming tributary and pay the combined tribute of Tondo, Ma-i, and Pangasinan, as long as the Ming vow to protect Tondo, an attack on Tondo will be treated as an attack on Ming, and an attack on Ming will be treated as an attack on Tondo. She tells the Ming that they have nothing to lose and everything to gain by destroying Japan's influence in East Asia, gaining a worthy trade and military ally in the region, and extend Ming's sphere of influence farther south. [Mod Response]  Rajah Gambang further consolidates his power, discreetely assigning political opponents to far-flung provinces of Tondo or to Tondo's vassals of Ma-I and Pangasinan, or to colonization attempts in Palawan, Busuanga, and Samar. The government of Tondo can be roughly described as a Federal Monarchy, with each province ruled by a council with members proportionate to the province's population. Rajah Gambang invites the Huang of Pangasinan, his daughter and Ma-I's regency council, and officials from every province to draft something akin to an OTL constitution, namely, the Saligang Batas ng Tondo at Nasasakupan Nito (Constitution of the sovereign Kingdom of Tondo and all its holdings and possesions). As Maynila is one of the richest cities in South East Asia, it is now high-time to create a lasting legacy for it. A series of bridges and canals connecting the Pasig and Tagik (OTL Taguig) Rivers and all their tributaries to provide acquatic transportation, ease movement of goods, and simply build bridges above the waterways to ease the transportation of people in the Greater Tondo Province (OTL Metro Manila). To prevent problems of income inequality and unequal development, selected families in the capital are given incentives of food and gold to relocate to developing towns and cities in Cavite, Romblon and Samar. A road network has already connected Tondo Province to Cavite, and a series of roads from southeastern and southern Luzon to Pangasinan has already began construction. Tondo metallurgical capabilities increase as blast furnaces and ironforges are built all around the state. The port of Maynila is further expanded, with the navy increasing by 25 small ships and seven war junks. Trade with nearby states continue. Tondo continues expansion in Samae, Palawan and Busuanga. 2000 additional soldiers are trained Diyang Kalangitan refuses to seat beside representatives from the local Japanese merchants during the drafting on the constitution, and representatives from Ma-I and Pangasinan also refuse to sit beside or near Japanese nationals. Gambang orders 300 ships to move to patrol the Visayas archipelago, mainly to protect the trade routes, and secretly to intimidate Cebu.
 * I'm not sure what I shoud mod reponse to? -Sky
 * Huangdom of Ma-I: With Tondo's grace, Ma-I settles the western part of Busuanga Island, and dedicates 100 citizens there. Li Han thrives as a cultural and financial capital of Ma-I, while Beigang immediately becomes the second port of Tondo, and conducts trade regularly with nearby nations.
 * Huangdom of Pangasinan: With Tondo's grace, Pangasinan expands into Central and Northern Luzon, attempting to assimilate the mountain and Igorot tribes located nearby to access the massive agricultural treasure in the Banaue Rice Terraces and the farmlands of Central Luzon. The administrative capital city, Pangasinan, begins construction of a road connecting it to Maynila. Blast furnace construction continues, and a small defense fleet of 15 ships is allotted by Tondo to Pangasinan. Pangasinense traders report sightings of small islands west of Luzon, and scouts are sent by Pangasinan to verify their claims.
 * Within the Crown of Castile, King Henry IV continues to remove the power of the Aristocrats. The development of Toledo continues, with construction on a new royal place set to finish in 1440. The city itself boasts a population of 52,000. Overall, the Crown of Castile has 4.6 million citizens. There are an estimated 540,000 remaining Granadan Muslims that under Henry IV will continue to be deported to Tunis. The University of Toldeo is founded, and is staffed by the children of nobles and royals. Sancho, as heir to the Castilian throne, is tutored privately, while Isabella is school at the University of Toledo. The queen of Castile dies this year, and a royal funeral is held for her. Henry IV is written to have looked mildly disinterested throughout the whole funeral. Catherine of Lancaster also dies this year. Culturally, the language of New Castilian begins to take hold among the higher class, which alongside Latin is considered to be a proper language by many aristocrats. The expansion of the navy continues, adding more caravels, galleys and longships. Naval colleges continue being founded, and as a result the Castilian Navy is one of the most elite on the Atlantic and Med. Castile welcomes Aragonese settlers.
 * In the Kingdom of Gibraltar there remains an estimated 180,000 Bebers/Muslims. While the puppet regime continues to deport these settlers to Tunis, the lack of Castilian settlers make it difficult to resettle the area. Infrastrucutre developments see the creation of new irrigation ducts and canals beginning a long process of reclaiming the desert and rough terrain. These developments mostly happen around Casablanca, where the terrain suits such developments easier. There is an estimated Christian population of 30,000. Missonaries continue conversion efforts with some limited success.
 * In the Kingdom of Morocco, there remains an estimated 880,000 Berbers and Muslims. While the puppet regime continues to deport these to Tunis, there is an even smaller number of Castilian settlers willing to arrive in this nation. Despite this, there exists a population of 18,000 Castilians in Morocco. Infrastructure developments continue similarly to the Kingdom of Gibraltar, although the lack of Castilians to lead the project slows progress to a crawl.
 * Mayapan: Continues the integration of the southern city-states into the League. Each new state is expected to supply men to train and serve in the national army. Expansion continues northward along the coast of the Nuchol Sea (OTL Gulf of Mexico). The council seeks to improve commerce and communication between the many settlements of the Yucatan by constructing and maintaining roads between them. Due to Emperor-King Iktan's initiative, work continues to renovate and update existing buildings, roads and to create plans for future upkeep and renovations. Aztec expansion is heavily but discreetly monitored and preliminary defenses are prepared in case of war.
 * Genoa: Sugar farming in Maderia grows. Same stuff as last turn happend. (I have to finish homework, dont have that much time)>
 * Papal States: The Papacy continues to improve itself at home and abroad. More tension with the Orthodox is eased over time, but the situation remains slightly tenous at the moment. The presence of the Orthodox Patriarch in Rome does help to assuage matters regarding issues of common ground.That being said, the decision of most other Orthodox churches raises ire in the Papacy and with John XXIII, who are privately outraged yet effectively powerless. Diplomatic efforts are shelved for this time unless they are with the Greek churches, which are praised for their loyalty to the Vicar of Christ and support for them increases as a result. That being said, the pope calls upon good Catholic and Orthodox lords to seek out and defend their realms from the rise in heretical occult practices, urging them to do so for the security of their souls and the souls of their loyal subjects. (Other mods, I am on vacation and cannot do much at the moment, but ask Sky or Nathan to message me and I shall answer. I may also write mod events on the page, so be aware. -MP)


 * Roman Empire: The Roman Emperor ask the pope that crusader forces occupying Constantinople be withdrawn from the city and that the city be returned to the Roman Empire in hopes of calming the Roman Citizens who our very discontent with both the reunification of the church and the occupation of Constantinople. In exchange for the Roman Emperor's request being met the Roman Imperial household will officially declare the support for the pope and the reunifaction.
 * Ahom Kingdom: In a grand militay parade the 15 new war eephants are formally inducted into the Ganesha Division. Suphakphaa orders the training of another 15 war elephants.


 * Majapahit Empire: As the Empire begins to push towards Wirabhumi, the situation in Brunei begins to look grim at first, with Lampung just barely holding off the Order and the Legion, and the Battle of Kota Batu nearly resulting in defeat, being saved at the last minute by reinforcements from Java, and the Legion gaining ground in Western Sumatra. The result is that Kuwat Wira begins to send in additional reinforcements to Lampung and to Kota Batu in the former Bruneian Sultanate. The situation then becomes les grim as news of the victory at Wirabhumi reach Trowulan and the former Sunda Kingdom's territory has order restored. With this, the Gustimaharaja begins to look towards the Celebes and Papua, with the troops in Borneo and Sumatra ordered to go onto the offensive. Meanwhile, the Legion and the Order both begin to face off in the port in Western Sumatra, with the Order being able to triumph over the Legion, whose forces in Mindanao decide to raid the Rajahnate of Butan in Mingdanao, still unknown to Kuwat Wira, as news of the raids and expansion have yet to reach him.......
 * Queen Emma of Denmark: As time goes on, my depression over the death of my father, King Eric of Denmark, lessens and I realize that I have to take more action to ensure and expand the greatness and power of Denmark, starting with continuing the royal line of Denmark. Thus, I try to conceive a baby with my husband, Mikkael Gyldenlove, Crown Prince of Norway. After this, I call the Kalmar Union to council, for the time is now to settle our disputes with Sweden and outline each of our goals for the future, so there are no further misunderstandings. With my focus turned to foreign policy, I go through Denmark's diplomatic records and I discover that the Treaty of Prague was never resolved, thus Denmark never received their dues from Bohemia from the war, and I send a diplomatic envoy to Prague in order to secure what is rightfully ours from The War of the Lions. Meanwhile, I continue the development of Copenhagen, with the University of Copenhagen continuing to be expanded and with the subjects of medicine, biology, astronomy, theology, chemistry, physics, and mathematics, and philsophy all being fostered as the greatest minds of all of Europe continue to flock to Copenhagen.
 * Holstein: Internal development continues. as well as army development. We advocate on the behalf of Denmark in the diplomatic mission to Prague, Bohemia.
 * Bohemia: Wenceslaus V continues to Germanize the country. Most of the population of the country is beginning to speak German first and foremost, while some Czech is still spoken, mostly between private groups. The German culture continues to infiltrate Bohemia from our posessions in Germany. Wenceslaus V does not bother to teach Heidrich I Czech, instead, he is teaching him to speak German as his native language. Wenceslaus V continues to seek out and destroy any Hussite sects that still might remain in the country. Wenceslaus V realizes that his father's work, the Treaty of Prague, is still not signed, inviting all parties to sign it. We also offer vassalization to the nearby country of Magdeburg. (Mod Response)
 * Norway: As the great Kingdom of Norway continues to flourish under the rule of Jonathan Gyldenlove a great celebration is held as Jonathan Gyldenlove is crowned King of Kalmar. The kingdom continues to flourish as a center of the arts and literature. The Economic development in Norway continue. The king decides to start a basic system of taxes on non-necessity luxury goods. The taxes flucate depending on supply and demand. While the system is still rudimentary and proposed it gains interest in the privy council. Interestingly enough the Army is proposed by an aspiring young noble who just recently graduated from Scientae Dei University. The Oslo Scientae Dei becomes more impressive with every passing moment being one of the greatest collections of knowledge in all of Europe. Brynjar Jaggerson finally completes his journey across the Silk Road ending up in the capital of Ming China. The navy is upgraded and expanded. The status quo continues on The colonies and finally our influence over Kola is expanded with more setllers in the area.
 * Bahmanids: Ali Nadeem Shah thanks Mogadishu for their financial contributions, and uses the money to rebuild the shattered elephant corps and equip more of the military with gunpowder weapons. The Bahmanids secretly support a (currently) small-scale proto-nationalist insurgency against the Omanis in Gujarat.

1436
<p style="font-weight:normal;"> A controversial pamphlet circulates in Norway entitled The Folly of Ruling Bishops which bears some resemblance to the Lollard teachings.

<p style="font-weight:normal;"> A mob in Toledo reports an outbreak of witchcraft.

<p style="font-weight:normal;"> Culture in Milan slightly stagnates due to lack of competition between cities.


 * Duchy of Burgundy: administrative reforms are introduced, aimed at streamlining the government. Admiral John de Luxembourg retires the older ships in the Burgundian Navy, replacing them with newer, improved models. The Prince Bishop of Liege is again offered the oppritinity to become a vassal of Burgundy. (Mod response please)


 * The Gurkani Sultanate:  Amir Ulugh Beg Mirza was proclaimed as the sultan of the Sultanate, starting a new era under his rule. The Gurkani population rose to about 52 million with the people flocking to cities like Herat, Isfahan, Merv, Aktau, Samarkand and Iskenderun; primarily due to their strategic position in the spice trade. The military was primarily composed of medium-to-heavy cavalry, composite bow, lance, mace, and sword. Heavy cavalrymen wore plated chain mail or metal lamellar armor, with their horses also wearing leather or metal lamellar barding. The infantry was equipped with daggers and swords to be utilised in close combat against the enemy and elephants as well as carts were used for the transportation of supplies. Cannons were constructed to serve as siege weaponry whilst experimental muskets were beginning to be developed. Naval bases were established at Iskenderun, Trabzon and Gamrun to establish the presence of the Gurkani fleet in the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea and the Persian Gulf respectively, keen on controlling the sudden surge in piracy. The Gurkani Navy developed galleys and carracks to augment the smaller patrol fleets. Agriculture and commerce were at the Sultanate's forepoint, with wheat, rice and barley being amongst the largest produced crops. Fishery was promoted as well as it helped in sustaining the fishery villages that were present along the coast, as well as the major port cities of Iskenderun, Basra, Gamrun, Aktau and Trabzon. The Sultanate mined large amounts of silver and gold, to serve as currency as well as ornaments and jewellery. Importance was also given on the development of proper roads for the merchants utilizing the trade routes through the Sultanate. Meanwhile, the Sultanate continued to expand its territories into the Persian Gulf island, Caucasus and toward Siberia. With the end of the famine, peace and prosperity returned to the nation. Yet, in order to prevent such a catastrophic event from taking place ever again, the sultan ordered the Amirs of each respective province to start the storage of food supplies; stacking up on crops to be utilized either in times of famine or to be exported in case of a good crop output. Side by side, keen on stamping out on raiders and thieves, the sultan also passed a royal decree arming any and all caravans utilizing the routes present throughout the Sultanate. This action whilst seen by many as an attempt to please merchants was in fact taken to take a stand against the raiders and to remind them that the sultan did not take rebels lightly. The Amirs of Samarkand and Bukhara were specifically given orders to round up anyone suspected of having engaged in the raiding of Gurkani caravans.  Having ascended the throne, Ulugh Beg Mirza ordered the construction of educational madrassahs throughout the Empire, keen on spreading education and knowledge amongst the populace of the Sultanate. The Sultan sought to replicate the Islamic Golden Age that existed during the period of the Abbasids prior to the Mongol Invasion, and accordingly funded the teaching of Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, with Algebra, Geometry, Astronomy, Anatony and Medicine being of prime importance. By the end of the year, the Sultan established the House of Wisdom in Isfahan, hoping to rival the Abbasid Library in Alexandria. Around the same time, the Sultan directed funds towards the Ulugh Beg Observatory and the Maragheh Observatory.  Sultan Ulugh Beg arranged his son, Nader Shah's marriage with the daughter of a the Head of a major Persian noble family, Shaheen Muzaffarid. 
 * Jalayirid Sultanate: Sultana Saima Daula continued her reign over the Sultanate. Acting as a vassal to the Gurkani Sultanate, she would only be answerable to the Gurkani Amir. The military and the navy were developed along the same lines as their Gurkani counterparts, with a major naval base constructed at Iskenderun where the Jalayirid fleet was also situated. Jalayirid authorities continue to work on the construction of a fleet at İskenderun, working side by side with Castilian authorities. The Jalayirid Sultana, Rukhsana Daula would continue to develop the trade route leading from his Mediterranean port of İskenderun to his Persian Gulf port of Basra, hoping to make it much more advanced and efficient. 
 * Khedivate of Trabzon: Amir Alexios IV Komnenos continued his reign over the Sultanate. Acting as a vassal to the Gurkani Sultanate, he would only be answerable to the Gurkani Amir. The military and the navy were developed along the same lines as their Gurkani counterparts, with a major naval base constructed at the city of Trabzon, where the Trabzon fleet was also situated. Trabzoni authorities continue to work on the construction of a fleet at Trabzon, working side by side with Castilian authorities. The Trabzon Amir, Alexios IV Komnenos would continue to develop the trade route leading from his Black Sea port of Trabzon, connecting it to the city of Tabriz, hoping to make the spice trade routes much more advanced and efficient. Julia Komnenos was married to Mahmud Mirza, the nephew of Sultan Ulugh Beg. Meanwhile, another son was born to Alexios who was named Julius Komnenos. 
 * Throughout Aragon, new branches of the Royal Bank of Barcelona open, bringing in much-needed new revenue for the government. In what has become the biggest engineering project in national history, reconstruction of Barcelona continues, and the southwestern Districts of the city have been opened. The first households are chosen by lottery to move into the newly-built homes, which are much cleaner and safer compared to the old, filthy urban areas that used to occupy the area. New services are instituted in Barcelona, and public servants are hired by the government to regularly clean the streets and perform general maintenance on city infrastructure, as devised by the city planners, who have vowed that the disgusting conditions of the past will never again be repeated in the new Barcelona. A new royal palace is also under construction. Barcelona's defences on the eastern coast are also given an upgrade, to ensure the Aragonese capital is prepared for whatever may be thrown at it. A new cathedral is also due to open in 1442, and the site has been blessed by the local priests. Meanwhile, the intelligent Crown Princess Arianne diligently continues preparations for the throne, and has learnt how to read and write. She is also learning a multitude of foreign languages, including Castilian, Latin, French and English, to facilitate effective communication with our neighbours and allies. As she will also one day be commander-in-chief of the Aragonese armed forces, she is also taught military strategy by her father, and she is due to move into the Palace of the Count of Malta when she turns sixteen in five years time.


 * Abbasid Caliphate: Al-Mustansir's reforms to the military were mostly completed this year. All the technology incoporated to the sea-based and land defenses, as well as the cannons and hand-cannos in the military and navy, was now surpassing that of the Ottoman Empire, and almost to the level of eastern Europe. However, something was still clearly missing for his new modern army. Utilizing the Kilabarub from his brother's tenure, Al-Mustansir organized an elite fighting force among the wealthiest class in the Caliphate, recruited in the Kilabarub. Each member of this group would be specially trained in all forms of combat discipline, including sabar duling, horsemanship, archery, and engineering. Allong wtih these, each member of the Kilabarub are trained in various arts of literature, poetry, and theology. The Emirate of Afar expands north into otl Eritea by 10,000 km.
 * Ottoman Empire: The sultan works to build schools across the Ottoman Empire and works on hiring people across the state. More Muslims are sent to the south and some Turks are sent to mix with the other Muslims in the areas. The army then is brought back to surround the city while the army tries to gain more troops to replace. With the loss of the city Murad goes into Ankara and works on his army and navy weaponry. The sultan then begins to work on trading with the Thrimids and the Caliphate. Murad begins to send traders past Thrimid's land to Afghanistan and some going into India. The sultan begins to work on making Ankara a new city as Murda said "Better then the other" as he works on making the city a trading center - while the army is trained. The Sultan begins to work his military training.
 * Serbia (Ottoman vassal): The sultan begins to create 1000 more mosques - mostly in the South. More imams are sent to Serbia in hope of converting the population. With the riots across the vassals the government is sent in to stop any riots but the government halts their construction of mosques (but already-built mosques will stay) but Serbian Muslims are recommend to move down south and to spread across the green areas and to populate the area.
 * Wallachia (Ottoman vassal): The sultan begins to create 800 more mosques - mostly in the South, and recruiting peasants for the army. More imams are sent to Serbia in hope of converting the population. The troops are ordered not to fire unless fired upon, the troops begin to work on defenses. The castle is now worked on by peasants. With the riots across the vassals the government is sent in to stop any riots but the government halts their construction of mosques (but already-built mosques will stay) but Wallachian Muslims are recommended to move down south and to spread across the green areas while they are recommended to then populate the area. The area is set up with defenses to stop the crusader army.
 * Epirus (Ottoman vassal): The state begins to send aid to civilians after Sultan Mehmed is heard saying "Let the Christians, Jews and anyone get food ... so long as they stay with the state.
 * The Kingdom of England:  Victory after victory, King Henry V's  esteemed generals continue to batter down the Scottish forces. One general in particular continues to stand out, winning substantial victories against the Scottish among all odds. His name: General William Scarlet. General Scarlet has been made lead commander of all English forces in the North, King Henry V invites Scarlet's family to London, as he moves them into one of his estates, as they live under royal control and hospitality. Danish troops continue to help fight with England, as large strides are made against Scotland, land continues to be taken under English control, the reserves from Nottingham are sent north to maintain control in the Scottish lands. England expands their military and economy, the economy is booming back in England's mainland, with the war continuing to be on the enemy's heartland, England is able to completely boom, their economy prospering and thriving during a nice peace time back at home. Sends representatives to  The Kingdom of France  to try to work toward a finalized peace.


 * Wales: The Welsh continue to centralize and urbanize as Henry V sees a bright future for the area. Many resources are found within the mountainous area of Wales. Military and economy expands, as troops are sent to Nottingham to rebuild a new garrison. The economy expands through trade, and the growth that England is channeling.
 * Dublin: With a small number of Danish troops still in Dublin, they use these soldiers to train more recruits along with the other English installment there, and expand their military and economy. Dublin continues to fortify their defenses and continues having migrating Irish peoples come, even with the small tax. Dublin offers under English jurisdiction the other Irish states and cities, protection, guidance, soldiers, ships, and resources if they join England and swear fealty to the English crown, promising to grow the newly joined members.
 * A new day dawns on Naxos, as joyous news comes from the Royal Family: Duchess Eleanor is pregnant. The news comes suddenly in the beginning of the year, and the Duke and Duchess are ecstatic. The child is born near the end of the year, a boy named Giacomo 'Jacob' Crispo. As the Duchy of Naxos grows more independent, a new seat of government is to be built to symbolize the change from vassal to independent. The new city break ground in the southern tip of the island of Naxos, with the name Megali. A great marble palace begins being built on the sea. Meanwhile, William Crispo continues to develop ships along with the Aragonese. He names the two masted ship type the Neve. William begins actual construction on the ships. Duke John II asks for a betrothal between his brother William Crispo and Lady Rosina of Milan.
 * Duke Niccolò Maria of Milan and Savoy agrees to the betrothal.
 * The King of Aragon is overjoyed and excited about the birth of his new nephew, and personally travels to Naxos to attend the christening ceremony. He leaves his brother Prince John to govern as Regent in his absence.
 * Duke John and Duchess Eleanor are glad King Alfonso could attend the ceremony, and ask if the King would be the godfather of little Jacob along with William Crispo and our niece Maria Crispo.
 * During the trip away from Naxos, six pirate ships attack the ship carrying King Alfonso. (MOD RESPOSE) If yes they take him to a Genovese merchant guild secretly which offers him up for sale.
 * Hang on, why would the King be traveling on a single ship? He's not stupid. He'd be traveling with a heavily armed fleet to protect him. Clearly the pirates would not stand a chance against the might of the Aragonese Armada. Stop acting like you have a personal vendetta against me, Oct. I can see right through it. ~Tim
 * Brah, don't cry vendetta when you don't like my actions. ~Oct
 * Chimu Empire: The Empire continues its work on irrigation and canals, projecting that it should be completed within a few more years. Bronze short swords/fie machetes reach about 90% of the Culn units in the Empire, giving the Empire its most lethal weaponry and equipment in decades, maybe centuries. Work on making a common set of symbols instead of ropes continues, with some former Quzco wisemen starting to work with a set of them to see if they will work. The Empire continues officially sending settlers north to Chu-Ica, and by the years end it will grow to approximately 598 people.
 * Kingdom of Tondo: Diyang Kalangitan finally convinces her father and the remaining Japanese supporters that their subservience to Japan is not beneficial to the nation, as seen by Korea's thrashing of Japanese military might. Diyang Kalangitan and a series of envoys make a visit to the Ming to SECRETLY discuss plans to overthrow the Japanese with Ming's naval and military support. In exchange for Ming, Tondo will instead be a Ming tributary and pay the combined tribute of Tondo, Ma-i, and Pangasinan, as long as the Ming vow to protect Tondo, an attack on Tondo will be treated as an attack on Ming, and an attack on Ming will be treated as an attack on Tondo. She tells the Ming that they have nothing to lose and everything to gain by destroying Japan's influence in East Asia, gaining a worthy trade and military ally in the region, and extend Ming's sphere of influence farther south. [Mod Response. What is Ming's reply, and how much support does Tondo receive should Ming agree?] Rajah Gambang further consolidates his power, discreetely assigning political opponents to far-flung provinces of Tondo or to Tondo's vassals of Ma-I and Pangasinan, or to colonization attempts in Palawan, Busuang, and Samar. The government of Tondo can be roughly described as a Federal Monarchy, with each province ruled by a council with members proportionate to the province's population. Rajah Gambang invites the Huang of Pangasinan, his daughter and Ma-I's regency council, and officials from every province to draft something akin to an OTL constitution, namely, the Saligang Batas ng Tondo at Nasasakupan Nito (Constitution of the sovereign Kingdom of Tondo and all its holdings and possesions). As Maynila is one of the richest cities in South East Asia, it is now high-time to create a lasting legacy for it. A series of bridges and canals connecting the Pasig and Tagik (OTL Taguig) Rivers and all their tributaries to provide acquatic transportation, ease movement of goods, and simply build bridges above the waterways to ease the transportation of people in the Greater Tondo Province (OTL Metro Manila). To prevent problems of income inequality and unequal development, selected families in the capital are given incentives of food and gold to relocate to developing towns and cities in Cavite, Romblon and Samar. A road network has already connected Tondo Province to Cavite, and a series of roads from southeastern and southern Luzon to Pangasinan has already began construction. Tondo metallurgical capabilities increase as blast furnaces and ironforges are built all around the state. The port of Maynila is further expanded, with the navy increasing by 25 small ships and seven war junks. Trade with nearby states continue. Tondo continues expansion in Samae, Palawan and Busuanga. 2000 additional soldiers are trained Diyang Kalangitan refuses to seat beside representatives from the local Japanese merchants during the drafting on the constitution, and representatives from Ma-I and Pangasinan also refuse to sit beside or near Japanese nationals. Gambang orders 300 ships to move to patrol the Visayas archipelago, mainly to protect the trade routes, and secretly to intimidate Cebu.
 * Huangdom of Ma-I: With Tondo's grace, Ma-I settles the western part of Busuanga Island, and dedicates 100 citizens there. Li Han thrives as a cultural and financial capital of Ma-I, while Beigang immediately becomes the second port of Tondo, and conducts trade regularly with nearby nations.
 * Huangdom of Pangasinan: With Tondo's grace, Pangasinan expands into Central and Northern Luzon, attempting to assimilate the mountain and Igorot tribes located nearby to access the massive agricultural treasure in the Banaue Rice Terraces and the farmlands of Central Luzon. The administrative capital city, Pangasinan, begins construction of a road connecting it to Maynila. Blast furnace construction continues, and a small defense fleet of 15 ships is allotted by Tondo to Pangasinan. Pangasinense traders report sightings of small islands west of Luzon, and scouts are sent by Pangasinan to verify their claims.
 * Order of Knights Hospitaller: On hearing of the rise of Lollardy in Norway from the commandry there, the Grand Master calls on the Norwegian government to work with the Church authorities to quell the heresy before it gets out of hand. With the rise in heresies, Grand Master Jean de Lastic writes a letter to all the Commandries, urging Knights, Sergeants, and especially Chaplains of the Order to defend the Church's teachings and help counsel the ignorant to stop them from falling into the hands of Satan. Work continues on the renewed fortification initiative.
 * Cologne: Archbishop Dietrich II hears from merchants from Sweden that there is a Lollard-style pamphlet circulating in Norway which criticizes the Church. With this in mind, Dietrich sends a small envoy of canons, along with Vicar General Wikbold II (who has recently taken over his uncle’s position), to Norway with the aim of offering a trade deal especially with respect to Essen’s valuable natural resources (silver, coal). He is also very upfront with Norway, saying that Cologne and Essen can help to control any potential infidels by negotiating peacefully with them. He cites the Concord of Luxembourg as evidence of his ability to make such peaceful negotiations.
 * Essen: Abbess Margarete thanks Cleve, Limburg and Geldern for agreeing to the trade deal and reform package, and sends two canonesses to permanently advise in each of those countries. Courts of Discipline begin to be set up in each country and Adelphinian Reforms slowly enter the public Church sphere.
 * Ahom Kingdom. Encouraged by his advisers, Suphakphaa introduces a system of coins. Suphakphaa works on improving his army, and visits the training of the war elephants. He now sees the Ganesha Division as the main striking force of his army, and further trains it.
 * Duchy of Thuringen: The city guard continues to defend the capital city of Erfurt. Our military grows by adding more recruits each year. We continue to trade again with our neighboring states. Farming goes well in our nation this year. The healthy population continues to increase by 3% each year. Karsten's improvement in the training area is continuing to show off. Karsten finishes his education at the University of Erfurt. Our eastern and northern boarders become closed again since the Hussites become violent once again. Karsten's first Daughter is born her name is Monika. Fredrick asks the Emperor if he could have some more land, then bribes him with some gold. [MOD RESPONSE, PLEASE] 
 * ​The Emperor is Bohemia, ask the player. -MP
 * Benin: The conquest of Mali has been a major boon to the image Oba Isikhuan has been seeking to mold for himself. Most Bini feel that they have been redeemed following the series of major crisis they went through in the last decade. The death of Oba Ewuare itself has been a major cause for ire within the population of Benin, though with the destruction of Mali, the people of Benin believe that their vengeance has been fulfilled. Uwaifiokun remains displeased with the actions of his nephew, believing that the stability he fought to gain for Benin will be lost as the empire overstretches itself. He reckons that within no more than two decades, Benin could see itself entering a new era of war and instability that he will not be around to fix. Continuing to disregard the wise council of his uncle, Isikhuan continues with his plans of displacing the Mandingo population in Mali, and introducing a predominately Bini population. Many of the adult men in Mali are either killed or enslaved and sold off to the Europeans and Arabs, as well as neighboring African tribes looking for slaves. The women are added to the ever-growing harems of the Bini warriors and male population, and their children sent off to esuku to be indoctrinated into the ideology of Kuzirism and Bini culture and morals. Destruction of mosques and centers of Islamic studies are condoned by the state, and warriors stationed throughout the former Mali Empire. Tribes once oppressed by the Malians are given many concessions in exchange for their loyalty and conversion to the state religion, Kuzirism. Expansion of the nation's road network into the new lands begins, and construction of odi underway. The warrior caste is allowed to expand within the ever-growing Bini population, helping to suppress uprisings within the few pockets of land within Mali not yet fully subdued. The Oba gives standing orders to the warriors to kill or sell into slavery any male over the age of 12, and to do as they please to any female over the age of 11. Anyone over the age of 50 is deemed a threat to the empire, and to be killed by the warriors as well. Elsewhere, the Bini settlers in Ghana continue to expand their lands by 10,000 km, following the actions of the Bini warriors in Mali. Dari Sadiki Abubakar continues his investigation into the birth rate of the Bini people, and has determined that there is indeed something very much amiss with the births as of the past decade. While most Bini women are having children at a much younger age than in the past, most Bini women are having more girls than boys. He seeks to investigate further the particulars of Bini population growth and sexuality, seek to find the source of the issue. In the port cities, five additional akakan are built for the navy, to develop further the navy's military capabilities.
 * Bohemia: Wenceslaus V continues to Germanize the nation, and Heidrich I begins private schooling with German teachers. We politely decline Thuringia's request. We offer vassalage to Magdeburg once again. (Mod Response) We begin to grow uneasy at the discord in the HRE.
 * Magdeburg declines the offer. -MP
 * Papal States: The Papal States is unsettled to hear of more reports of heresy in the north, and authorizes the Teutonic Knights and other leaders of Christian kingdoms and organizations to combat these threats. John XXIII, while growing older, still views the power of Christianity as the main uniting principle for European nations and peoples and vows to uphold its following from the palaces of Constantinople to the glaciers of Iceland.
 * In Constantinople, the Papal forces continue their occupation, although the Papal commander signals his unwilling acceptance of leaving the city if the Romans can demonstrate their security and commitment to the newly unified church. He cannot speak for the other forces that still occupy the cit.*Kingdom of France: Trade with the Caliphate through Chauleaux and other coastal cities continue to flourish, expanding the knowledge of the Islamic world among French merchants, and giving France more trade with Asia. The settlement of Chauleaux continues to be developed with the royal palace, a harbor and farms. The settlement has come to consist of Muslim peasant families and French merchants. Louis does continue to develop a small fleet of cogs (by no means a fighting force), as he plans to hire local merchants during wars to turn them into a fighting force. Louis XI continues the use of the taille revenue to be used on continuing to develop the army, and keep the French force as one of the largest and modern in Europe. Louis continues to improve the system in which the French armies are raised.
 * Mayapan: Continues the integration of the southern city-states into the League. Each new state is expected to supply men to train and serve in the national army. Expansion continues northward along the coast of the Nuchol Sea (OTL Gulf of Mexico). The council seeks to improve commerce and communication between the many settlements of the Yucatan by constructing and maintaining roads between them. Due to Emperor-King Iktan's initiative, work continues to renovate and update existing buildings, roads and to create plans for future upkeep and renovations. Aztec expansion is heavily but discreetly monitored and preliminary defenses are prepared in case of war.


 * Mogadishu: The nation's income continues to grow, both from increased tariffs and from the Royal Trade Fleet. Our manufacturers expand and make more money. We further expand toward the Jubba River, as canals, dikes and ditches are being built. The land surrounding the Jubba-Shebelle Rivers becomes more fertile. 10,000 local tribesman and foreign settlers became citizens of our nation last year due to our policies of land reclamation and immigration attraction. We built cannons in our Chinese furnaces, which we received from China from Zheng He's trip. With the major families conceding their power to the Sultan, we become an absolute monarchy.
 * We send some gold to the Bahmanis to help them recover.
 * Queen Emma of Denmark: I give birth to my first born son and I name him Eric of Denmark, named after my beloved father, Eric of Pomerania, King of Denmark. I am feeling undescriable and abounding joy with Eric's birth and I love and cherish my newborn son and I nurture him. With the birth of Eric, I begin secret plans to unite Denmark and Norway into one nation and I incorporate some Norwegian policies unto Denmark, such as the taxation for luxury items and the opening of the Scientae Dei in the University of Copenhagen. With this, Denmark becomes an even greater center of knowledge, art and science. Meanwhile, negoiatians in Prague continue.
 * Holstein: Internal development continues and we continue negotiations at Prague.
 * Roman Empire: With news of the Papal Commander being prepared to leave if the Roman people can demonstrate their loyalty to the church he will leave the people take to the streets in celebration with church bells ringing throughout the city as a day of religious celebration takes place over the Papal Crusaders leaving and the reunification of the Catholic and Orthodox branches of Christianity. Also as promised the Roman Imperial family declares their support for the pope and invites the Papal Crusaders and their commander to a feast held in their honor.
 * Grand Boyardom of Russia: The First Fleet and Second Fleet sees expansion as older ships are scrapped, crews are rearranged, and new ships are built. A rat infestation on the First Fleet ends with Russians docking these ships and simply allowing the bitter cold to kill these animals. The fleet sees some success in this endeavor, though one crew is instructed to hunt the rats down. In Novgorod, the Russian Orthodox Church sinks its talons into the city, a new cathedral being planned. The Church calls for unity amongst Orthodox faithfuls in the face of growing threats from Islam, Roman Catholicism, and the unstoppable tide of reindeer that make their way into Russia during winter months annually. Ivan passes away, being replaced with his son Dmitri Ivanovich as Grand Prince of Russia. Throughout this year, Russia works on expanding its trade network, with roads being constructed to connect the capital with more foreign cities. In the winter months, Russia begins bolstering its land-based military, outfitting members with new equipment. One captain suggests using fully-armored soldiers, though the other captains scold him for being silly. In response, the captain begins marching with his troops in a set of full armor he purchased. He freezes to death within weeks. Russia intends on improving relations with the Gurkani Sultanate and with Norway. The nation expands in Siberia.
 * Principality of Siberia: The remote vassal expands its borders east this year. Since this landlocked nation of half a million people at most is at peace with everyone touching its borders, absolutely nothing else happens this year, barring the bolstering of military equipment and a blizzard that kills the town goat in former Great Perm. The town calls for a month of mourning over the loss of 'Billy Bleatkovsky, the best goat that ever goddamn lived.'
 * Iroquois Confederacy: With the Iroquois Constitution being implemented across the land, Chief Notaku continues annexing the Chesapeak Bay tribes, with OTL Maryland fully annexed at this point. The first year of tribal education showed great success. Wishing to continue it, Notaku starts designing the first Iroquois school. School will be for children, ages 6-16, when they can decide whether they wish to continue their education or go straight to work. The curriculum covers everything from the different crops that the Iroquois grow, to learning the many languages of the Iroquois Confederacy. Education is very hands on and there is no set classroom. Instead, students meet with their instructor at main longhouse of the respective town or out in nature. Volunteers are called upon to study for two years at Nowadaga under the shamans and elders. Borders are routinely watched and we continue urban development.
 * Crown of Castile, King Henry IV continues to remove the power of the Aristocrats. The development of Toledo continues, with construction on a new royal place set to finish in 1440. The city itself boasts a population of 52,000. Overall, the Crown of Castile has 4.6 million citizens. There are an estimated 540,000 remaining Granadan Muslims that under Henry IV will continue to be deported to Tunis. The University of Toldeo is founded, and is staffed by the children of nobles and royals. Sancho, as heir to the Castilian throne, is tutored privately, while Isabella is school at the University of Toledo. The queen of Castile dies this year, and a royal funeral is held for her. Henry IV is written to have looked mildly disinterested throughout the whole funeral. Catherine of Lancaster also dies this year. Culturally, the language of New Castilian begins to take hold among the higher class, which alongside Latin is considered to be a proper language by many aristocrats. The expansion of the navy continues, adding more caravels, galleys and longships. Naval colleges continue being founded, and as a result the Castilian Navy is one of the most elite on the Atlantic and Med. Castile welcomes Aragonese settlers. With the King of Aragon Kidnapped, His Cousin King Henry IV takes control over a regency in Aragon, in order to ensure peace and stability during this time of crisis. With the Accusations of Witchcraft, King Henry begins to formulate a plan to solidfy Christian dominance in Iberia once and for all...
 * In the Kingdom of Gibraltar there remains an estimated 180,000 Bebers/Muslims. While the puppet regime continues to deport these settlers to Tunis, the lack of Castilian settlers make it difficult to resettle the area. Infrastrucutre developments see the creation of new irrigation ducts and canals beginning a long process of reclaiming the desert and rough terrain. These developments mostly happen around Casablanca, where the terrain suits such developments easier. There is an estimated Christian population of 30,000. Missonaries continue conversion efforts with some limited success.
 * In the Kingdom of Morocco, there remain an estimated 880,000 Berbers and Muslims. While the puppet regime continues to deport these to Tunis, there is an even smaller number of Castilian settlers willing to arrive in this nation. Despite this, there exists a population of 18,000 Castilians in Morocco. Infrastructure developments continue similarly to the Kingdom of Gibraltar, although the lack of Castilians to lead the project slows progress to a crawl.
 * In the Duchies of Milan and Savoy, celebration and mourning go hand in hand in the early part of the year. First, heir to the throne Niccolò Maria has a son by his wife, Mary Anjou, who he names Matteo. Next, within a week, Duke Gian Maria is found dead in his chambers at a relatively young age. There is much speculation as to his cause of death, as relations with his more power-hungry son were always shaky, but Niccolò Maria quickly works to cease all rumors. He is then crowned Duke of Milan and Savoy, solidifying the personal union between the two duchies as most Savoyard nobles support the accension of Niccolò Maria. The new Duke is known to be both more warlike and a bigger patron of the arts than his father. He immediately begins to invest heavily in the Milan School, but also announces that local patricians who patronize artists will receive tax breaks.
 * Bahmanids: Ali Nadeem Shah orders his architects to build a large number of mosques and madrasas throughout the realm to make the empire more Muslim. He also orders scholars to investigate ways of increasing agricultural production.

1437
<p style="font-weight:normal;"> '''Hungarian King Sigismund dies of old age, leaving the eligible successor to be the Holy Roman Emperor. (Imperial Throne is already in the hands of Wenceslas V, who has yet to try to get crowned by the pope.)'''

<p style="font-weight:normal;"> '''Angered at the draconian measures enacted during a time of crisis, many inhabitants of Central Asia begin to resent the continued occupation against raiders that no longer frequent the area. Some begin to grow angry at what they see as a Persian threat against their ways of life.'''

<p style="font-weight:normal;"> Now I don't want to criticize every single Mod Event that hits me but I would just raise some issues. First of all, I don't have a clue what draconian measures or which occupation this Mod Event is referring to. Not so long ago, Central Asia was hit by a famine and the people nearly died to famine due to raiders constantly attacking caravans carrying food. I responded by having the caravans armed, and ordered the Amirs of the Central Asian provinces to round up all those suspected of having engaged in attacks upon the caravans. I don't have the slightest clue why these people would sympathize for the raiders. As far as 'no longer frequent the area' is concerned, the people are still there. Raiders can't magically disappear and appear wherever they want. I'm going to assume that it means the raiders stopped raiding, which once again means that they're are still there.. they just aren't raiding anymore because it's not in their interests to attack the military. Like I said, I don't want to complain about every Mod Event and I decided to partially go ahead with this one by ordering the Amirs to no longer target suspected criminals which sounds like a dumb move but that is what this Mod Event is asking me to do... doesn't add up. Moving onto the second part, could you clarify what the Mod Event is referring to when it states "Persian threat against their ways of life" ? Which threat? Do they belong to completely different cultures which has resulted in a somewhat clash of civilizations? Not at all. Do they belong to completely different religious groups with one religion considering the traditions of the other religion as blasphemous? Not all all.. They're both Muslims. So I'm not sure what 'threat against their ways of life' means. Most importantly, when have I enforced Persian culture on the people in Central Asia? So I would really appreciate if this was clarified. Thanks

<p style="font-weight:normal;"> '''King Charles IV of Naples dies in a jousting accident, leaving the Neopolitan throne in a succession crisis. Of those unsupportive of heiress Mary Anjou, half of the nobility wishes to give the kingdom to the Duke of Milan, while half wishes to give it to a vassal of the King of France <u style="font-style:inherit;font-weight:inherit;">. A minor faction also wishes to invite the King of  <u style="font-style:inherit;font-weight:inherit;">Aragon <u style="font-style:inherit;font-weight:inherit;"> to take the throne.'''

<p style="font-weight:normal;"> After the King of Aragon was kidnapped by Genoese pirates [and held by Genoese guildsmen] for several months, he was eventually recovered by a group of Castilian sailors and return to Aragon unharmed.

<p style="font-weight:normal;"> One does not simply stumble upon a well hidden king with guards, in which a battle would have to ensue. Also currently the king isn't in control of pirates he is under control of the merchant gulid. He would be hidden in and around Genovese Greece an area that has exclusive trading rights with Genoa meaning Castillian merchants aren't even allowed to trade in that location. The whole reason stated to me for this event by mod Nathan1123 is that he just wanted less drama. Your feelings for less drama doesn't give you an excuse to write an implausible mod event. ~Oct

<p style="font-weight:normal;"> "Recovered by a group of Castilian sailors" does not, to me, discount a battle between the King's Genoese guards and the Castillians. Indeed, on first reading I imagined exactly that. I also don't find it all that implausible that a Castillian ship would not be out searching for him, no doubt in areas known to be inhabited by Genoese. (Oops, forgot the king was Aragonese, not Castilian). Okay yeah, I can see your point about it being odd that a Castilian ship would have found him. I would recommend that was changed to Naxosian (who are in the region and would probably be out looking for their guest who never showed up) or Aragonese (who would presumably be out looking for him) sailors. Also, as an aside, I think that randomly kidnapping another player's monarch is roughly on the same level as assasinating them; something long forbidden. ~Cal (Lictor or some such)

<p style="font-weight:normal;"> While I agree with Callum on the level of Castillians finding him to be implausible, I also believe that saliors shouldn't be the one to find him considering that he could be hidden on the mainland. Also it is not known that the gulid that captured him is Genovese. ~Oct

<p style="font-weight:normal;">''' The entire kidnapping event arc is now retconned. No mod ever approved said kidnapping. Also as Callum said, these types of things have never been allowed. ~Edgemod. '''

<p style="font-weight:normal;">'''My mod response was offically satisfied in the mod event. The reality is that this game gets more implausible without allowing kiddnappings, many an OTL kings/nobles were held by opposing powers inorder to gain more power. Such as this, this, and many more. Also considering Aragon is your main ally you are not an unbiased mod, so therefore do not have the authority to cross this out.'''

<p style="font-weight:normal;">'''Whilst, it is true, there were many instances of nobles and monarchs being held hostage, they were mainly in the context of a conflict. Such things can -and indeed should- be made to occur in the settlement after algorithms. But like assasinations, they should not be for the players to do of their own accord. Imagine if everyone just started kidnapping foreign monarchs. It would be chaos. ~Cal the Lictor, etc.'''

<p style="font-weight:normal;">''' The Czech nobility of Prague feel discontent of the recent efforts towards Germanization. '''

<p style="font-weight:normal;">''' King Henry V of England dies childless and his succeeded by his nephew Richard de Montfort, Duke of Brittany as King. However, many in England are not a fan of the Breton man, especially since in Brittany he is a French vassal. '''


 * Duchy of Burgundy: with the succession crisis in Naples, Duke Philip quietly orders Admiral John de Luxembourg to put the Navy on alert and ready to move out should King Louis decide to push the Duke of Bar's claim to Naples. Duke Philip again sends a letter to the Prince-Bishop of Liege, offering him the opportunity to become a vassal of Burgundy, which would Liegian merchants and businessmen greater access to the Burgundian markets. (Mod response please)
 * Agreed


 * The Gurkani Sultanate:  Amir Ulugh Beg Mirza was proclaimed as the sultan of the Sultanate, starting a new era under his rule. The Gurkani population rose to about 52 million with the people flocking to cities like Herat, Isfahan, Merv, Aktau, Samarkand and Iskenderun; primarily due to their strategic position in the spice trade. The military was primarily composed of medium-to-heavy cavalry, composite bow, lance, mace, and sword. Heavy cavalrymen wore plated chain mail or metal lamellar armor, with their horses also wearing leather or metal lamellar barding. The infantry was equipped with daggers and swords to be utilised in close combat against the enemy and elephants as well as carts were used for the transportation of supplies. Cannons were constructed to serve as siege weaponry whilst experimental muskets were beginning to be developed. Naval bases were established at Iskenderun, Trabzon and Gamrun to establish the presence of the Gurkani fleet in the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea and the Persian Gulf respectively, keen on controlling the sudden surge in piracy. The Gurkani Navy developed galleys and carracks to augment the smaller patrol fleets. Agriculture and commerce were at the Sultanate's forepoint, with wheat, rice and barley being amongst the largest produced crops. To prevent the Sultanate from ever getting hit by a major famine, the individual Amirs also engaged in the storage of food supplies, which would be utilized in case of famine or otherwise exported. Fishery was promoted as well as it helped in sustaining the fishery villages that were present along the coast, as well as the major port cities of Iskenderun, Basra, Gamrun, Aktau and Trabzon. The Sultanate mined large amounts of silver and gold, to serve as currency as well as ornaments and jewellery. Importance was also given on the development of proper roads for the merchants utilizing the trade routes through the Sultanate, with all caravans being armed and protected with a small detachment of guards. Meanwhile,  the construction of educational madrassahs continued throughout the Empire, with the Sultan keen on spreading education and knowledge amongst the populace of the Sultanate. The Sultan sought to replicate the Islamic Golden Age that existed during the period of the Abbasids prior to the Mongol Invasion, and accordingly funded the teaching of Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, with Algebra, Geometry, Astronomy, Anatony and Medicine being of prime importance. The Sultanate continued to expand its territories into the Caucasus, Siberia and the Persian Gulf islands.  Nader Shah's wife, Shaheen Muzaffarid gave birth to a son who was subsequently named Suleiman Shah Mirza. With discontent increasing in Central Asia, Ulugh Beg ordered the respective Amirs of Bukhara and Samarkand to refrain from arresting anymore men on charges of having engaged in attacks upon caravans. However, keen on making sure such attacks did not return, the Sultan continued to have caravans armed with guards for protection.
 * Jalayirid Sultanate: Sultana Saima Daula continued her reign over the Sultanate. Acting as a vassal to the Gurkani Sultanate, she would only be answerable to the Gurkani Amir. The military and the navy were developed along the same lines as their Gurkani counterparts, with a major naval base constructed at Iskenderun where the Jalayirid fleet was also situated. Jalayirid authorities continue to work on the construction of a fleet at İskenderun, working side by side with Castilian authorities. The Jalayirid Sultana, Rukhsana Daula would continue to develop the trade route leading from his Mediterranean port of İskenderun to his Persian Gulf port of Basra, hoping to make it much more advanced and efficient. 
 * Khedivate of Trabzon: Amir Alexios IV Komnenos continued his reign over the Sultanate. Acting as a vassal to the Gurkani Sultanate, he would only be answerable to the Gurkani Amir. The military and the navy were developed along the same lines as their Gurkani counterparts, with a major naval base constructed at the city of Trabzon, where the Trabzon fleet was also situated. Trabzoni authorities continue to work on the construction of a fleet at Trabzon, working side by side with Castilian authorities. The Trabzon Amir, Alexios IV Komnenos would continue to develop the trade route leading from his Black Sea port of Trabzon, connecting it to the city of Tabriz, hoping to make the spice trade routes much more advanced and efficient.
 * Bohemia: Wenceslaus V, hearing news of his uncle's death, realizes that the crown of Hungary passes to him. He claims the throne of Hungary, and goes to Budapest with a small delegation to receive the title and crown of the King of Hungary. (This is also apparently my fault for not realizing this before, but...) The delegation will also make a stop in Rome for Wenceslaus V to be officially crowned Holy Roman Emperor. However, before he leaves, Wenceslaus V realizes the nobility and it's discontent at the continuation of Germanization in Bohemia. Therefore, Wenceslaus V cuts back on the policies heavily, allowing Czech to be taught freely, and re-establishing Czech signs on roads and towns. However, the German signs remain, and German will be continue to be taught jointly with Czech. Wenceslaus V now declares that instead of the goal being to fully Germanize, the goal will be to attempt to make the cultures co-exist. Where everybody knows Czech, but also knows German, and has Czech and German practices and culture. Secretly, within the royal family, German is still declared the dominant culture and language. Heidrich I will remain learning German, and the Luxembourgs will speak only German in private. Wenceslaus V, before leaving, also has twins, Adolf, and Eva.


 * The King of Aragon  and the rest of the nation cannot thank brotherly Castile enough for his successful and swift rescue. He holds a banquet in the honour of the sailors who facilitated his return to his homeland, and expresses his utmost gratitude to his guests.  However, relations with Genoa are near breaking point, and communication between the two countries has all but disappeared. The King agrees to become Prince Jacob of Naxos' godfather, months after being asked the question.  However, he is greatly angered by Genoa's blatant attempt at sabotaging the governmental structure of Aragon, and orders the upgrade of the northern fortifications in Sardinia, which lies directly opposite Genoese Corsica.  Genoese merchants are now barred from entering any sovereign waters of Aragon, thereby cutting Genoese sailors off from the west Mediterranean. as We  secretly advise our friends Castile, Naxos and Milan to do the same ,   the Genoese are not to be trusted. T he King also thanks his cousin Henry IV of Castile for effectively governing Aragon in his absence, and dissolves the Regency.  Meanwhile, reconstruction of Barcelona continues in earnest, and the Royal Bank of Barcelona continues to expand. We open branches all over Castile, and it is intended for the bank to become the foremost Bank in the new Great Iberia. The general naval upgrade is complete, and all ships in the Royal Armada are equipped with the latest technologies available and are up to date.  To prevent an incident similar to the King's kidnapping from so severely hampering operation of the Aragonese government in future, contingency plans are put in place. S hould the monarch become incapacitated, his/her heir will take over if old enough; if not, then a previously appointed regency council will assume supreme authority over the land until the monarch returns. To protect the Crown Princess from possible attacks from Genoa when she moves to Malta in four years time, Maltese fortifications are strengthened, and a large escort fleet of 20 ships prepared.


 * In the Duchies of Milan and Savoy, Duke Niccolò Maria Visconti is troubled to hear the news of his brother-in-law's death. He presses his wife's, Mary Anjou, claim to become Queen of Naples as the next-in-line to the throne. He also warns other nations about getting involved in peninsular affairs, just as Milan refrains from involving itself in continental affairs. The Duke and Duchess travel to the city of Naples, where they are crowned King and Queen, respectively, of the Kingdom of Naples. Alongside them comes a large military contingent, although many remain near the French border in case of treachery. Niccolò and Mary work to consolidate support among the nobles through lavish spending from the coffers, which were filled extensively during the reign of Gian Maria.
 * Duchy of Thuringen: The city guard continues to defend the capital city of Erfurt. Our military grows by adding more recruits each year. We continue to trade again with our neighboring states. Farming goes well in our nation this year. The healthy population continues to increase by 3% each year. Karsten's improvement in the training area is continuing to show off. Our eastern and northern boarders open up and people can move freely between them as the please. Fredrick starts to influence the nations of Anhalt, Bamburg, Wuzburg, and Hesse by sending ambassadors to each nation so that we can bring them up in our way. [MOD RESPONSE, PLEASE]
 * No.
 * Ottoman Empire: The sultan works to build schools across the Ottoman Empire and works on hiring people across the state. More Muslims are sent to the south and some Turks are sent to mix with the other Muslims in the areas. The army then is brought back to surround the city while the army tries to gain more troops to replace. With the loss of the city Murad goes into Ankara and works on his army and navy weaponry. The sultan then begins to work on trading with the Thrimids and the Caliphate. Murad begins to send traders past Thrimid's land to Afghanistan and some going into India. The sultan begins to work on making Ankara a new city as Murda said "Better then the other" as he works on making the city a trading center - while the army is trained. The Sultan begins to work his military training.
 * Serbia (Ottoman vassal): The sultan begins to create 1000 more mosques - mostly in the South. More imams are sent to Serbia in hope of converting the population. With the riots across the vassals the government is sent in to stop any riots but the government halts their construction of mosques (but already-built mosques will stay) but Serbian Muslims are recommend to move down south and to spread across the green areas and to populate the area.
 * Wallachia (Ottoman vassal): The sultan begins to create 800 more mosques - mostly in the South, and recruiting peasants for the army. More imams are sent to Serbia in hope of converting the population. The troops are ordered not to fire unless fired upon, the troops begin to work on defenses. The castle is now worked on by peasants. With the riots across the vassals the government is sent in to stop any riots but the government halts their construction of mosques (but already-built mosques will stay) but Wallachian Muslims are recommended to move down south and to spread across the green areas while they are recommended to then populate the area. The area is set up with defenses to stop the crusader army.
 * Epirus (Ottoman vassal): The state begins to send aid to civilians after Sultan Mehmed is heard saying "Let the Christians, Jews and anyone get food ... so long as they stay with the state.
 * Totonacapan: We continue to expand south at a high pace, building fortresses and towns to keep the new areas under our control. Metal working continues to grow, with citizens being able to afford them, allowing more warriors to be modernly armed. Bronze short swords/fie machetes reach about 90% of our warriors in the Confederacy, giving the Confederacy its most lethal weaponry and equipment in decades, maybe centuries. Xallapan, Cempoala, Papantla and Colipa are further integrated into the Confederacy. El Tajin market prospers, being in a major trade route, along with El Tajin having many visitors to witness its magnificence, turning into a major hub thanks to its proximity to Papantla. Another 2.500 people this year accept the KIng's gracious bounty, along with new plots to build their homes and relocate in El Tajin being astonished by its magnificence. Also an estimate is made by a renowned scholar for our the population of our five biggest population centers, estimating that our capital Xallapan has around 120.000 population and is by far the biggest and the most populous city in the confederacy, Cempoala has around 80.000 population and is now rebuild and economic life gets back on track again thanks to several projects in the area, Papantla has around 60,000 population with its market growing to support the new increase in trade, Colipa has around 25.000 population with its walls being praised by its citizens for their solidness and endurance and El Tajin has around 10.000 population settlers from the whole Confederacy, aiming to receive the generous king's bounty for relocating there as well as new houses. The rights of non Totonacs continue to get revoked in favor of Totonacs, with the Mayan people being the only exemption. We continue trading minorities/non-Totonacs with the Aztecs to sacrifice to their gods in exchange for food, cattle, gold, diamonds and many other resources.  With the Aztec Empire on a rampant campaign across Mesoamerica conquering more nations and displaying their aggressiveness against the rest, we ask our neighboors (Tochpan, Xiuhcoac, Huextla, Metztitlan, Tollantzinco, Hueyacocotlan, Mazahuacan) to join a league of equals to protect ourselves from the Aztec Empire's rampage, offering several chests of gold as well as help in constructing solid walls to defend their cities from the Aztecs, threatening to invade them if they don't accept in order to stop strategic areas, resources and populace from falling into enemy hands.  [MOD RESPONSE] 
 *  First 4 accept, others decline 
 * Abbasid Caliphate: Al-Najm grew strong and prestigious, but took great pains to withdraw himself from the court of the Caliph out of his great humility and disdain from sensual pleasures. One night, however, the Angel Jibril visited Al-Najm in his bed, revealing to him his true nature as the relative of the Caliph and heir to the house of the Prophet. Al-Najm scoffed at this vision, refusing to believe the words of the Angel that he could have any relation to such a high office. So Jibril showed him first the past, how he was born in the citadel of Cairo before his parents were murdered by the cruel and tyranical Mamlukes, forcing him into exile among the Bedoins. When Al-Najm still refused, Jibril showed him the present, the despondant court of Al-Mustansir in need of a great leadin and his children without sons. Finally, Jibril showed Al-Najm the future, the general sitting in the office of Caliph and leading the Abbasids into another Golden Age like the days of Harun Al-Rashid. But still, Al-Najm refused to have anything to do with his destiny. However, being curiuos from these visions, Al-Najm came to the court of the Caliph in disguise during a grand banquet, hoping to see if he was related to Al-Mustansir. While at this banquet, he met Mumtaz Al-Zahur, the eldest daughter of the Caliph, and the two fell madly in love at first sight. Fearing that his disguise would be uncovered, however, Al-Najm quickly escaped from the Citadel without ever disclosing his name.
 * Mogadishu: The nation's income continues to grow, both from increased tariffs and from the Royal Trade Fleet. Our manufacturers expand and make more money. We further expand toward the Jubba River, as canals, dikes and ditches are being built. The land surrounding the Jubba-Shebelle Rivers becomes more fertile. 10,000 local tribesman and foreign settlers became citizens of our nation last year due to our policies of land reclamation and immigration attraction. We built cannons in our Chinese furnaces, which we received from China from Zheng He's trip. We declare war on Dar es Saleem.
 * The Kingdom of England: After the death of King Henry V's death many mourn him as the Scottish war prevailed. King Richard now takes over, continuing to wage the war, inpsiring much nationalisitc pride, and King Richard assorts himself with the beloved General the man of the people, General William Scarlet, the two actually become quite close. Danish troops continue to help fight with England, as large strides are made against Scotland, land continues to be taken under English control, the reserves from Nottingham are sent north to maintain control in the Scottish lands. England expands their military and economy, the economy is booming back in England's mainland, with the war continuing to be on the enemy's heartland, England is able to completely boom, their economy prospering and thriving during a nice peace time back at home. With his previous ties to The Kingdom of France, King Richard begins improving relations with Frnace, and the people greet this turn with much favor. As the long enemies begin tossing the gauntlet, and setting aside their differences. The war in Scotland continues, as General Scarlet is sent with the reinforced garrison from Nottingham, to continue pushing north, with fresh Danish reserves, and a lack of mustering, and devastating economy and military, Scotland quickly begins to crumble, its feet giving out underneath. King Richard looks to improving relations with the Kingdom which Henry V forgot so easily. King Richard sends many gifts and a few ships to the Kingdom of Aragon, in their recent geographic captures they will need more ships to maintain their holdings, England sends more representatives to both France and Aragon and begins to increase relations. Spare troops are sent to Denmark to continue protecting trade and helping the Kingdom get back on its feet. King Richard continues to due his best to win the favor of the people, centralizing the Kingdom, cleaning up the filth, making the cities more livable and cleanly. King Richard also removes the small tax imposed in Dublin, to increase population migration as much as possible. King Richard fully declares if Scotland swear fealty to the English crown, and agree to be ruled under the English Sovereignty in political, ecomonic, militaristic, and all other forms, the war will cease, as the Kingdom of Scotland, will throw away their throne, and be ruled under English dominance. (mod response)
 * The Scottish decline
 * Wales: Wales sees a different turn, as King Henry V previously urbanized Wales, King Richard ceases to do so, and offers more jobs to the people in the coal mines, trying to increase coal production. Many resources are found within the mountainous area of Wales. Military and economy expands, as troops are sent to Nottingham to rebuild a new garrison. The economy expands through trade, and the growth that England is channeling.
 * Dublin: With a small number of Danish troops still in Dublin, they use these soldiers to train more recruits along with the other English installment there, and expand their military and economy. Dublin continues to fortify their defenses. Dublin offers under English jurisdiction the other Irish states and cities, protection, guidance, soldiers, ships, and resources if they join England and swear fealty to the English crown, promising to grow the newly joined members.
 * Kingdom of Tondo: Diyang Kalangitan finally convinces her father and the remaining Japanese supporters that their subservience to Japan is not beneficial to the nation, as seen by Korea's thrashing of Japanese military might. Diyang Kalangitan and a series of envoys make a visit to the Ming to SECRETLY discuss plans to overthrow the Japanese with Ming's naval and military support. In exchange for Ming, Tondo will instead be a Ming tributary and pay the combined tribute of Tondo, Ma-i, and Pangasinan, as long as the Ming vow to protect Tondo, an attack on Tondo will be treated as an attack on Ming, and an attack on Ming will be treated as an attack on Tondo. She tells the Ming that they have nothing to lose and everything to gain by destroying Japan's influence in East Asia, gaining a worthy trade and military ally in the region, and extend Ming's sphere of influence farther south. [Mod Response. What is Ming's reply, and how much support does Tondo receive should Ming agree?] RajahGambang further consolidates his power, discreetely assigning political opponents to far-flung provinces of Tondo or to Tondo's vassals of Ma-I and Pangasinan, or to colonization attempts in Palawan, Busuang, and Samar. The government of Tondo can be roughly described as a Federal Monarchy, with each province ruled by a council with members proportionate to the province's population. Rajah Gambang invites the Huang of Pangasinan, his daughter and Ma-I's regency council, and officials from every province to draft something akin to an OTL constitution, namely, the Saligang Batas ng Tondo at Nasasakupan Nito (Constitution of the sovereign Kingdom of Tondo and all its holdings and possessions). As Maynila is one of the richest cities in South East Asia, it is now high-time to create a lasting legacy for it. A series of bridges and canals connecting the Pasig and Tagik (OTL Taguig) Rivers and all their tributaries to provide acquatic transportation, ease movement of goods, and simply build bridges above the waterways to ease the transportation of people in the Greater Tondo Province (OTL Metro Manila). To prevent problems of income inequality and unequal development, selected families in the capital are given incentives of food and gold to relocate to developing towns and cities in Cavite, Romblon and Samar. A road network has already connected Tondo Province to Cavite, and a series of roads from southeastern and southern Luzon to Pangasinan has already began construction. Tondo metallurgical capabilities increase as blast furnaces and ironforges are built all around the state. The port of Maynila is further expanded, with the navy increasing by 25 small ships and seven war junks. Trade with nearby states continue. Tondo continues expansion in Samae, Palawan and Busuanga. 2000 additional soldiers are trained Diyang Kalangitan refuses to seat beside representatives from the local Japanese merchants during the drafting on the constitution, and representatives from Ma-I and Pangasinan also refuse to sit beside or near Japanese nationals. Gambang orders 300 ships to move to patrol the Visayas archipelago, mainly to protect the trade routes, and secretly to intimidate Cebu.
 * Huangdom of Ma-I: With Tondo's grace, Ma-I settles the western part of Busuanga Island, and dedicates 100 citizens there. Li Han thrives as a cultural and financial capital of Ma-I, while Beigang immediately becomes the second port of Tondo, and conducts trade regularly with nearby nations.
 * Huangdom of Pangasinan: With Tondo's grace, Pangasinan expands into Central and Northern Luzon, attempting to assimilate the mountain and Igorot tribes located nearby to access the massive agricultural treasure in the Banaue Rice Terraces and the farmlands of Central Luzon. The administrative capital city, Pangasinan, begins construction of a road connecting it to Maynila. Blast furnace construction continues, and a small defense fleet of 15 ships is allotted by Tondo to Pangasinan. Pangasinense traders report sightings of small islands west of Luzon, and scouts are sent by Pangasinan to verify their claims.
 * With Korea now a tributary state and not just a mere protectorate of the Ming, Korea regains control of its foreign affairs and many Chinese troops stationed within Korea have now left. A skeleton staff is left to ensure Korea's safety, before Chinese reinforcements arrive, in case of Japanese invasion. Korea sends the first batch of tribute to the Ming, consisting of human tributes such as concubines, and also luxury goods. Seeking to mirror the economic sophistication of the Ming, the commercialization and augmentation of the Korean economy continues with vigor. The activities of merchants are promoted and tax burdens are lifted to encourage people to participate within the market. With food being so plentiful, and further more labor in agriculture no longer needed, Yi Do encourages the cultivation of cash crops and the production of handicrafts, textiles, and luxury items. To convey a promised age of prosperity for the Korean people, buildings nation-wide are upscaled and traditional thatched homes are declared inconvenient and obsolete, being replaced as soon as possible. The grid system is implemented for cities for an orderly manner of construction. Korea further expands into Manchuria and consolidates control of the area, as well as declaring the Hamhung Convention null and void. Korea shuts off trade with Japan in fear of a second attempted invasion.
 * Order of Knights Hospitaller: The Little Office of the Tertiaries spreads through the Commandries, and is generally hailed as an excellent spiritual tool for the Tertiaries, who want to improve their spiritual lives but haven't had the time to do the full Holy Office with the professed Knights and Sergeants. News of the Genoese' piratical acts reaches Grand Master Jean, who decides to double the usual anti-piracy patrols this year. He is disappointed that this service, usually directed towards the barbaric Barbary heathens, must be directed against Christians. Work continues for the final year in the fortification revamp in Crete and Rhodes.
 * Cologne: Archbishop Dietrich II reiterates his request to Norway from last year, and the envoy led by Wikbold II remain in Norway for the moment. Meanwhile, another random peasant – this time a young woman – comes to Dietrich II’s doorstep telling him that she has been sent visions from Adelphina of Essen. She prayed to Adelphina to help her mother, who was recently blinded in a sewing accident, begin to see again. The young woman, on Adelphina’s request, brought a particular plant to her mother and witnessed an intercessory miracle when she fed her mother the brew of this plant’s leaves. The mother could see again! Dietrich II is astounded at this, on top of the previous miracle in 1434. He writes it in his diary after going personally to see the mother to make sure it is all true.
 * Essen: The canonesses decide to lay the tapestry of cornflowers for the smallpox plague of 1413-14 over Adelphina’s tomb, along with a copy of her book of reforms. Meanwhile, Abbess Margarete continues to promote the reforms on the streets, personally giving counselling sessions for small groups. At the finished University of Essen, Margarete’s canonesses begin to deliver preliminary courses until sufficient academics flock to this newly established institutio.
 * Chimu Empire: The Empire continues its work on irrigation and canals, projecting that it should be completed within a few more years. Bronze short swords/fie machetes reach the remaining Culn units, and research into new longer weapons and sheilds begins. Symbols begin to spread throughout the Empire to be used for counting, accelerating trade and knowledge throughout the region. The Empire continues officially sending settlers north to Chu-Ica, and by the years end it will grow to approximately 873 people.
 * Ahom Kingdom: Suphakphaa welcomes the 15 new war elephants into the Ganesha Division. The force now numbers 45 elephants, and Suphakpaa orders the training of another 15 war elephants. A massive parade is held to mark the expansion of the Royal Guards Ganesha Division. Meanwhile, military engineers work on improving existing firearm designs to equip the army. Each division is equipped as a well-rounded unit, with 500 men being warriors, equipped with mail armor, a shield, and a khanda sword. 200 men would be cavalrymen, also equipped with mail armor and armed with a talwar sword.  The last 300 men are arquebusiers and armed with matchlock muskets. Suphakphaa orders improvement of the University of Chariadeo, where science is studied. One scientist develops a larger version of a musket that can be used for artillery. Testing is made, with different sorts of projectiles being created.


 * ​You don't have firearms. -Rexmod.
 * Benin: The pacification of Mali has been mostly completed, with many of the adult males in the former empire having been enslaved, killed, or gelded by the warriors of Benin. The majority of the female population have been taken and given to the Bini population as gifts and rewards from the government of Benin, and the children have been sent off to monasteries throughout the empire to begin the process of their indoctrination. Almost all mosques and Islamic centers of study have been destroyed, and the religious leaders in the land executed as a threat to the empire's stability. The sheer scale of these actions has worried Uwaifiokun, who believed that his nephew's actions with terrify Benin's neighbors and prevent them from allying themselves with the empire. Thus far, Jolof has refused as delegations from Benin believing them to be a pretext to an invasion, while the desert nations to Benin's north refuse to provide lodging to Bini merchants, and demand that they keep moving when in their lands. Yet Oba Isikhuan continues to ignore his uncle's advice, and chooses to forge his own path in leadership style. Elsewhere, as the male-to-female ratio in the empire continues to widen, Dari Sadiki Abubakar believes that there is nothing more he can do to solve the issue, and believes that Benin is set to have a much larger female than male population. The female birth rate continues to grow, and the number of women being introduced into the empire as a result of the nation's violent anti-male policies during conquests, are completely warping the demographics of Benin. While the nation has benefited from a larger growth rate, the average man is now required by the state to remain in peak physical condition in the event he is called upon to provide military services, as well as public work projects. All men are required to assemble in their local city square, and for an hour in the morning and an hour in the evening, partake in a series of physical exercises to ensure they are physically capable at all times for as long as possible. To help deal with the shortages of manpower in some parts of the empire, women are slowly being introduced into the workforce as laborers, and in some cases, are expected to work just as hard as their male counterparts. With his work complete, Abubakar returns to Edo to continue his work on gunpowder and perhaps making it possible for warriors to individually harness its power. Proselytization of the Kuzir religion continues throughout Benin, with force being used to ensure conversation to the religion. With most converts being female and lacking the protection of their men, or in some cases, being married to a Kuzir man, most women simply convert seeking to please their new husbands and better understand the faith their children are being taught at the public schools of the empire and the esuku monasteries. Expansion into Akan lands continues, though rather than continuing down the coastline, expansion toward the lands of the former Mali Empire is made, with 10,000 square kilometers settled by the Bini people. Given the lower population density in the region, the local governor makes an exception for the Akan men living there, and should the convert, they will be permitted to live and stay with their families on their land. With the tales of Benin's conquests spreading throughout the region, most individuals living there are quick to convert out of fear of the alternative. Expansion of Benin's road network further interconnects the regions of Benin to one another and helps expand economic prosperity as more and more cities are able to quickly and safely trade with one another. The presence of the odi fortifications throughout the empire and the patrols of Bini warriors also helps to provide a constant reminder of Benin's strength and protection of its people to travelers. Work on a major port city in the far western edge of the empire begins, with the village of Ziguinchor being selected as the candidate. The city shall serve as Benin's direct connection with Europe and North Africa by sea, and utilizing it's known location to the northerners, will serve as Benin's main trading port. With access to Mali's much larger gold and salt industries, Benin seeks to profit greatly in the coming years.
 * Iroquois Confederacy: The chief's son, Degotoga, is sent to the tribes in the Chesapeak Bay area to ensure peace is upheld and to continue their integration into the Confederacy. With him is 250 braves, they are to protect Degotoga and help construct new settlements and farms for both Iroquois migrating to the area and for the locals. Chief Notaku calls upon 2500 braves to invade the Potawatomi (OTL Michigan). 1000 braves break off to paddle up Lake Huron and into Saginew Bay to raid settlements along the coast. We call upon the Winnebago and the Miami to assist us (Mod response). If they help, Chief Notaku will grant them full access into the Confederacy and promises their chiefs lands to their west that will be taken after Michigan.
 * The Winnebago agree, Miami declines.
 * Grand Boyardom of Russia: The First Fleet and Second Fleet sees expansion as older ships are scrapped, crews are rearranged, and new ships are built. A rat infestation on the First Fleet ends with Russians docking these ships and simply allowing the bitter cold to kill these animals. The fleet sees some success in this endeavor, though one crew is instructed to hunt the rats down. In Novgorod, the Russian Orthodox Church sinks its talons into the city, a new cathedral being planned. The Church calls for unity amongst Orthodox faithfuls in the face of growing threats from Islam, Roman Catholicism, and the unstoppable tide of reindeer that make their way into Russia during winter months annually. Ivan passes away, being replaced with his son Dmitri Ivanovich as Grand Prince of Russia. Throughout this year, Russia works on expanding its trade network, with roads being constructed to connect the capital with more foreign cities. In the winter months, Russia begins bolstering its land-based military, outfitting members with new equipment. One captain suggests using fully-armored soldiers, though the other captains scold him for being silly. In response, the captain begins marching with his troops in a set of full armor he purchased. He freezes to death within weeks. Russia intends on improving relations with the Gurkani Sultanate and with Norway. The nation expands in Siberia.
 * Principality of Siberia: The remote vassal expands its borders east this year. Since this landlocked nation of half a million people at most is at peace with everyone touching its borders, absolutely nothing else happens this year, barring the bolstering of military equipment


 * Kingdom of France: With Richard Monfort being crowned Richard III in England, Louis XI begins increasing relations with his new vassal in England. This event causes a development of a weird relationship between the Kingdoms, with Brittany being de jure part of the French crown, but under a personal union with England. All that Louis XI asks is that Richard continues to pay his homage fees as Duke of Brittany and provide Louis with his regular ducal duties while he is King of England. Trade with the Caliphate through Chauleaux and other coastal cities continue to flourish, expanding the knowledge of the Islamic world among French merchants, and giving France more trade with Asia. The settlement of Chauleaux continues to be developed with the royal palace, a harbor and farms. The settlement has come to consist of Muslim peasant families and French merchants. With the death of Charles VI of Naples, Louis XI decides to declare war on Mary to pursue René of Bar's claim on Naples, making him de facto at war with Milan. With a large army on the border of French, Castilian, and Lorrain units, Jean Poton de Xaintrailles & Gilbert Motier de La Fayette (leading the French) and his fellow allied commanders move into Savoy and Northern Italy with the desire to secure the region and push the Milanese further into the peninsula. Discontented Savoyards and Venetians are asked to join the Franco-Iberian Armies and help liberate their lands and also cause revolts to hinder the enemy (MOD RESPONSE). Nobility in Milan that support Rene's claim are just asked to cause revolt and some supplies are sent to them. OOC: Turn may be subject to change. The French hired merchant ships and the Castilian navies are conservative and do not blockade the enemy and instead protect their Mediterranean coasts from an invasion.
 * ​The Kingdom of England's Diplomacy: King Richard declines, stating England is a strong powerful kingdom, and the new King will not be pushed around, we will not be paying homage fees, as he is no longer the Duke of Brittany, and as King he will pay no fees. As much as he would like to continue building a strong relationship with France, he will not be bullied or manipulated, he now stands for the people.
 * Burgundian Dip: With the French declaration of war, Duke Philip decides to support his kinsman against Milan. The Burgundian fleet sails for the Mediterranean. The French are asked that any ships they could attach to Admiral de Luxembourgs fleet for action against Milan be done so.
 * Papal States:  The Papal States is unsettled to hear of more reports of heresy in the north, and authorizes the Teutonic Knights and other leaders of Christian kingdoms and organizations to combat these threats. John XXIII, while growing older, still views the power of Christianity as the main uniting principle for European nations and peoples and vows to uphold its following from the palaces of Constantinople to the glaciers of Iceland. The issue of Neapolitan succession is one that greatly concerns the Papacy, and Pope John XXIII warns of any that try to threaten the Papacy in any way, including completely surrounding its territory.


 * In Constantinople, with new actions taken by the local residents and government the Papal commander authorizes a reduction of forces in the city given the Italian troubles back home. While Papal troops are greatly diminished, a Papal force of about a thousand souls will remain to provide additional security for the time being. It is hoped that the Roman Emperor understands and that cooperation continues.
 * Bahmanids: 5000 troops and 1ten ships are sent to assist Mogadishu. The Sultan continues equipping the embryonic rebellion in Gujarat, using the larger rights for Hindus under the Bahmanids as a recruiting tool. Nonetheless, the rebels make no major attacks yet.


 * Roman Empire:The Roman Emperor complete understands the reasons behind a continued Papal presence within the city. However, he does make a request directly to the Pope that Roman Troops be allowed to replace the Papal Troops that left the city. He also request that the Pope to encourage the other crusader forces to follow the Papal States example so relations might return to normal between the crusader nations and the Roman Empire. Also as thanks to the Pope the Roman Emperor sends two chests full of gold and precious gems as a donation to the church.
 * Sorry I have to do this, but the Byzantine Empire was abolished after the Ionian Crusade in 1421 -Natemod
 * Never mind. I guess it is OK. -Nate
 * Queen Emma of Denmark: My son, Crown Prince Eric of Denmark turns one this year and I have seen the rapid development of my son over the course of one year. When he was a newborn he was competely dependent on me and I nurtured him constantly, but now he can crawl and babble, and his motor skills has developed. Eric is quite the explorer, and has explored all around the palace of Copenhagen Castle and I have ordered all my guards to keep watch over him so he may keep out of trouble and I record the developments of my son in my personal journal and my interest in human development expands and I fund the research into this in the University of Copenhagen. Further development  of Copenhagen continues as well as negoiatians in Prague and in the Kalmar Union. Secret plans of uniting Denmark and Norway continue. A census is conducted in the nation.
 * Holstein: Internal development continues, including economic and army development. We continue to negotiate at Prague.
 * Norway: King Johnathan Gyldenlove of Norway and Emperor of all of the Kalmar enters a period of illness, leading to ineffectiveness during his reign, which causes some instability at the royal level. During this time, his son and heir, Crown Prince Mikkael starts to assume royal duties to help his father during this time of anguish and puts into practice what he learned under his tultuage of his father and in the Sciencae Dei in Oslo. A Sciencae Dei is opened up in Bergen, as well as the University of Bergen and the Univerisity of Oslo is expanded. Mikkael goes  A census is conducted in the nation, and during this census Mikkael travels North and observes the midnight Sun and his interest in astronomy soars. Meanwhile, Mikkael sends the top doctors in Europe to treat his father Johnathan. (Dang it, Nate)
 * Cologne Dip: Archbishop Dietrich II politely reminds Denmark that there has been an envoy from Cologne in Norway for the past two years, asking for a trade deal along with cooperation on religious matters. (Please see Cologne posts for 1436-1438.)


 * Genoa: Ligurian continues to grow as the vernacular in Corsica and Monteferrat. The Genovese arsenal and Bank of St. George continue to expand. Experimentation with many new technologies in the arsenal begins particularly surrounding artillery and shipbuilding. Trade continues to thrive throughout Europe, Africa and the Mediterranean. The sugar trade in Madeira continues to expand. The Genovese navy and 500 of its ships support the Milanese navy agaisnt Burgundy and Castile.
 * Crown of Castile, King Henry IV continues to remove the power of the Aristocrats. The development of Toledo continues, with construction on a new royal place set to finish in 1440. The city itself boasts a population of 52,000. Overall, the Crown of Castile has 4.6 million citizens. There are an estimated 440,000 remaining Granadan Muslims that under Henry IV will continue to be deported to Tunis. The University of Toldeo is founded, and is staffed by the children of nobles and royals. Sancho, as heir to the Castilian throne, is tutored privately, while Isabella is school at the University of Toledo. The queen of Castile dies this year, and a royal funeral is held for her. Henry IV is written to have looked mildly disinterested throughout the whole funeral. Catherine of Lancaster also dies this year. Culturally, the language of New Castilian begins to take hold among the higher class, which alongside Latin is considered to be a proper language by many aristocrats. The expansion of the navy continues, adding more caravels, galleys and longships. Naval colleges continue being founded, and as a result the Castilian Navy is one of the most elite on the Atlantic and Med. Castile welcomes Aragonese settlers.  We support our ally France in the war against Naples and Milan.  King Henry IV forms a small council to govern over an inquisition into the religous make up of Iberia. We support the Burgundian Fleet and agree to work under their great general.


 * In the Kingdom of Gibraltar there remains an estimated 160,000 Bebers/Muslims. While the puppet regime continues to deport these settlers to Tunis, the lack of Castilian settlers make it difficult to resettle the area. Infrastrucutre developments see the creation of new irrigation ducts and canals beginning a long process of reclaiming the desert and rough terrain. These developments mostly happen around Casablanca, where the terrain suits such developments easier. There is an estimated Christian population of 35,000. Missonaries continue conversion efforts with some limited success.
 * In the Kingdom of Morocco, there remain an estimated 870,000 Berbers and Muslims. While the puppet regime continues to deport these to Tunis, there is an even smaller number of Castilian settlers willing to arrive in this nation. Despite this, there exists a population of 20,000 Castilians in Morocco. Infrastructure developments continue similarly to the Kingdom of Gibraltar, although the lack of Castilians to lead the project slows progress to a crawl.

1438
<p style="font-weight:normal;">''' With the Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia and King of Hungary not crowning himself King of Croatia, the Croatian Sabor decides to call Rinaldo di Durazzo, illegitimate son of Ladislaus of Naples, claimant to the Hungarian and Croatian thrones, to the Kingdom of Croatia in order to crown him. He is known as Rinaldo Drački in Croatia, and creates the Durazzo Angevin line. '''

<p style="font-weight:normal;"> A landmark work of sculpture is completed in Florence, depicting the dramatic Battle of Turin in the style of the classical Pediment on the Temple of Aphaia 

<p style="font-weight:normal;"> The Ming Emperor sends his full support for the Kingdom of the Tondo against Japan 

<p style="font-weight:normal;">''' A large wolf attack is suffered in the OTL region of Toledo.... Ohio '''


 * Duchy of Burgundy: while the Burgundian army remains uninvolved with the Milanese war, the Navy performs admirably. At the Battle of Elba, Admiral John de Luxembourg lead the 300 strong combined Burgundian-Castillian allied fleet against the 836 strong Milanese-Genoan fleet. In the largest naval battle in history, de Luxembourg inflicts 500 ships lost for the Milanese and Genoan fleets, while losing only 47 of his own. The tattered war ensigns of Milan and Genoa are added to de Luxembourgs trophy collection. While the war is still underway, the fleet remains on station, but takes time to study the Italian ships taken as prizes. With Bohemias declaration of war on France, Duke Philip orders his 50,000 strong army (40,000 regulars, 10,000 mercs) to intercept them. King Louis is also asked that reserves he or their Iberian allies can send as reinforcements would be appreciated. Duke Philip quietly sends a letter to Poland-Lithuania, suggesting that with so many Hungarian troops far away from their homeland, they could take the oppritinity to restore the polish-Hungarian Union their king Louis I achieved in 1370. (Mod response please)

<p style="font-weight:normal;">Update: Maximum wreckage.
 * The Kingdom of England: After the death of King Henry V's death many mourn him as the Scottish war prevailed. King Richard now takes over, continuing to wage the war, inpsiring much nationalisitc pride, and King Richard assorts himself with the beloved General the man of the people, General William Scarlet, the two actually become quite close. Danish troops continue to help fight with England, as large strides are made against Scotland, land continues to be taken under English control, the reserves from Nottingham are sent north to maintain control in the Scottish lands. England expands their military and economy, the economy is booming back in England's mainland, with the war continuing to be on the enemy's heartland, England is able to completely boom, their economy prospering and thriving during a nice peace time back at home. With his previous ties to The Kingdom of France, King Richard begins improving relations with Frnace, and the people greet this turn with much favor. As the long enemies begin tossing the gauntlet, and setting aside their differences. The war in Scotland continues, as General Scarlet is sent with the reinforced garrison from Nottingham, to continue pushing north,with fresh Danish reserves, and a lack of mustering, and devastating economy and military, Scotland quickly begins to crumble, its feet giving out underneath. King Richard looks to improving relations with the Kingdom which Henry V forgot so easily. King Richard sends many gifts and a few ships to the Kingdom of Aragon, in their recent geographic captures they will need more ships to maintain their holdings, England sends more representatives to both France and Aragon and begins to increase relations. King Richard continues to due his best to win the favor of the people, centralizing the Kingdom, cleaning up the filth, making the cities more livable and cleanly. King Richard also removes the small tax imposed in Dublin, to increase population migration as much as possible. With the response from Scotland, England fully invades Scotland, with a massive army, consisting of most of the reserves and all of the English troops in Scotland, Danish support is added. England increases their relations with, France, Aragon, Castile, and Denmark.
 * Wales: Wales sees a different turn, as King Henry V previously urbanized Wales, King Richard ceases to do so, and offers more jobs to the people in the coal mines, trying to increase coal production. Many resources are found within the mountainous area of Wales. Military and economy expands, as troops are sent to Nottingham to rebuild a new garrison. The economy expands through trade, and the growth that England is channeling. Troops are sent to Scotland in the joint invasion.
 * Dublin: With a small number of Danish troops still in Dublin, they use these soldiers to train more recruits along with the other English installment there, and expand their military and economy. Dublin continues to fortify their defenses. Dublin offers under English jurisdiction the other Irish states and cities, protection, guidance, soldiers, ships, and resources if they join England and swear fealty to the English crown, promising to grow the newly joined members. Troops are sent to Scotland in the joint invasion.
 * Brittany (PU of England; Vassal of France): With the Duke becoming the new King of England, Brittany becomes the new bridge of friendship between the long installment of animosity which loomed over England and France. Brittany increases its military and economy, as it raises its defenses on the border of France still weary of the new friendship occuring, although they reason with their old Duke, King Richard, and finally convince him to give in, and offer military aid to France, against Milan, from Brittany, as well as increasing trade, migration, and Brittany paying homage taxes to France. Of course striking a deal, that France will have to make England an official ally of the French crown, and the long time differences be set aside to become the new power team of Western Europe. (French response needed). More churches are constructed and many docks and shipyards are constructed, slowly building a navy to defend the English channel. A large bulk of troops are sent to England to help the war in Scotland.
 * Aragonese Diplomacy: We are more than happy to work on further improving relations between Aragon and England.
 * The King of Aragon continues to personally train his daughter in the disciplines of combat, military strategy, and equestrianism, alongside her tutors giving her private lessons on languages, writing, and other subjects necessary to become a successful stateswoman. Meanwhile, the reconstruction of Barcelona continues, and more sections are opened for households to move in. Construction of the University of Barcelona is almost complete, and the campus is due to open on schedule in 1440. Expansion of the Royal Bank of Barcelona continues, and branches open all over the territories of Castile and Aragon. The King orders the expansion of harbours all over the country, to allow for further naval growth. More to come.
 * Genoa: Secretly deals arms through a middleman to the Moroccan rebels. In order to regain the Moroccan trade monoply a rebellion is secretly stirred up by merchants acting through a middleman - Morocco. MOD RESPONSE
 * Response: No. -Scraw.
 * You're telling me the extremely sensitive region of Morocco will not rebel? Its native Muslim population has been deported for the past 20 years and it's been a pretty long time since the last Moroccan rebellion. ~Oct
 * Oct has a point here. It's about time for a Moroccan rebellion, or do rebellions only occur when they serve mod interests? ~Bear
 * Notice that the purpose of these deportations is to prevent unrest in the Muslim population and to replace said population with Castilian and Aragonese settlers who are loyal to the Crown. As they have been going on for the past 20 years, the population available for uprising would have dropped dramatically, drastically decreasing the risk of rebellion. Also Oct, you can't just start a rebellion whenever you feel like it. You're not the magic hypnosis kingdom. ~Tim
 * Well, the majority of Moors still remain in Morocco (and Granada) so rebellion would still happen because oppression drastically increases the chances of a rebellion happening. ~Bear
 * First of all, its Berbers in Morocco. Second they have no where near a majority in Granada anymore. Second of all, Morocco was reconquered in 1422. Thats less than one generation since conquest. 
 * You are wrong again Moors means Muslims in general and again you are so wrong they do have a majority in Granada as it took more than 50-100 years of deportations to get rid of them in OTL... ~Bear
 * Iroquois Confederacy: Chief Notaku sends 3000 braves to reinforce each front in Michigan (1000 sent to each front). Each front is to push the enemy inland and then drive them north. Degatoga continues acclimating the Chesapeak Bay tribes and wins favor by fighting along side of them during construction on the frontier, warding off raiders. Roads are constructed south, connecting the Iroquois colony of Tuscarora, to the main body of the Confederacy. Chief Notaku sets about finding a husband for his daughter Tayanita. Wishing to further unify all tribes, he asks the Wichita if there is a suitable match amongst their people. The men not fighting on the front lines are either put to work constructing more defenses along the border or running patrols. Small bands are held in major towns and cities to provide protection and hunting. Trade continues with our northern allies and all along the East coast. Shocked by the wolf attack on OTL Toledo, Chief Notaku gathers a force of 200 braves to go defend the outposts in the region. Patrols in the area are reinforced as well.
 * Abbasid Caliphate: During this year, Caliph Al-Mustansir became gravely sick. All the ministers of the Ulema grew sourly fearful, for no direct successor was ever named by the Caliph, and all his children were daughters. At last, with all his children and grandchildren encircling him, Al-Mustansir drew his last breath. Now the next day the Angel Jibril sent a hermit to the court of the Ulema, who spoke "By Allah, whosoever handles the treasures of ancient Prophets shall rightfully take on the Seal of Muhammad". Pondering these cryptic words for many days, the Ulema decided that the rightful Caliph must be able to take on the three treasures of Egypt: the Crown of Sesostris, the Ring of Catherine, and the Sword of Saladdin. So they began sending messangers all throughout the land of Egypt, looking for member of the House of Abbas, and had them try on the treasures. But Jibril used his powers to ensure that all the candidates did not fit these items. When the Ulema were sorely distressed, Jibril appeared as a new star in the sky, hanging over the house where Al-Najm stayed. Overjoyed to see this sign, the Ulema set out to claim their new ruler. Now Al-Najm was fasting night and day, praying to be united with his true love Al-Zahur, but not realizing she was the Caliph's daughter. When Al-Najm saw the men approach the house, he refused to be made Caliph, but escaped the back way, leaving his servant Al-Anfal to take his place. Now Al-Anfal was a wicked servant, and wished in his heart to decieve all that he was Al-Najm in order to take power. Al-Anfal was led back to Cairo to be made Caliph, and wed to the daughter Al-Zahur. However, as soon as Al-Najm learned that Al-Zahur was in this distress, he took a horse and raced to Cairo to stop the wedding. Arriving just in time, Al-Najm unmasked Al-Anfal as the imposter, and revealed himself as the true heir of the Prophet. Bearing the Crown, Ring, and Sword as proof of his lineage, he then took the enrapturing Al-Zahur as his bride, as well as the Seal of the Prophet. Thus began the long and glorious reign of Caliph Al-Najm, known by even grander names later on.
 * Aragonese Diplomacy: After decades of silence and no communication, we wish to open ourselves to the non-Christian world and expand our horizons. As such, the King writes a letter to the Caliph asking for the gradual improvement of relations, and to begin this process by exchanging delegations to each others' courts.
 * Ahom Kingdom: Suphakphaa works on developing the nation's schools.  Soldiers within the army are required to be literate, and all children, in exception for children of farmers, were required to go to school.  Roads are built and improved, and a second great city is to be built up in Jorhat.
 * Mogadishu: The nation's income continues to grow, both from increased tariffs and from the Royal Trade Fleet. Our manufacturers expand and make more money. We further expand toward the Jubba River, as canals, dikes and ditches are being built. The land surrounding the Jubba-Shebelle Rivers becomes more fertile. 10,000 local tribesman and foreign settlers became citizens of our nation last year due to our policies of land reclamation and immigration attraction. We built cannons in our Chinese furnaces, which we received from China from Zheng He's trip. With the conquest of Dar Es Saleem, our army rests for a while, quelling rebellions in the newly conquered area.
 * Order of Knights Hospitaller: Anti-piracy controls continue, with the majority of resources being directed against the threat of Islamic slavers, but a small number of ships patrolling against European pirates. The Grand Master sends an Ambassador to the Roman Empire, hoping that the Order and New Rome can work together constructively to contain the infidel threat.
 * Kingdom of Tondo: Diyang Kalangitan finally convinces her father to declare a war of liberation against Japan. Tondo, which has garnered the support of the great Ming, marches to war. RajahGambang further consolidates his power, discreetely assigning political opponents to far-flung provinces of Tondo or to Tondo's vassals of Ma-I and Pangasinan, or to colonization attempts in Palawan, Busuang and Samar. The government of Tondo can be roughly described as a Federal Monarchy, with each province ruled by a council with members proportionate to the province's population. Rajah Gambang invites the Huang of Pangasinan, his daughter and Ma-I's regency council, and officials from every province to draft something akin to an OTL constitution, namely, the Saligang Batas ng Tondo at Nasasakupan Nito (Constitution of the sovereign Kingdom of Tondo and all its holdings and possessions). As Maynila is one of the richest cities in South East Asia, it is now high-time to create a lasting legacy for it. A series of bridges and canals connecting the Pasig and Tagik (OTL Taguig) Rivers and all their tributaries to provide acquatic transportation, ease movement of goods, and simply build bridges above the waterways to ease the transportation of people in the Greater Tondo Province (OTL Metro Manila). To prevent problems of income inequality and unequal development, selected families in the capital are given incentives of food and gold to relocate to developing towns and cities in Cavite, Romblon and Samar. A road network has already connected Tondo Province to Cavite, and a series of roads from southeastern and southern Luzon to Pangasinan has already began construction. Tondo metallurgical capabilities increase as blast furnaces and ironforges are built all around the state. The port of Maynila is further expanded, with the navy increasing by 25 small ships and seven war junks. Trade with nearby states continue. Tondo continues expansion in Samae, Palawan and Busuanga. 2000 additional soldiers are trained Diyang Kalangitan refuses to seat beside representatives from the local Japanese merchants during the drafting on the constitution, and representatives from Ma-I and Pangasinan also refuse to sit beside or near Japanese nationals. Gambang orders 300 ships to move to patrol the Visayas archipelago, mainly to protect the trade routes, and secretly to intimidate Cebu.
 * Huangdom of Ma-I: With Tondo's grace, Ma-I settles the western part of Busuanga Island, and dedicates 100 citizens there. Li Han thrives as a cultural and financial capital of Ma-I, while Beigang immediately becomes the second port of Tondo, and conducts trade regularly with nearby nations.
 * Huangdom of Pangasinan: With Tondo's grace, Pangasinan expands into Central and Northern Luzon, attempting to assimilate the mountain and Igorot tribes located nearby to access the massive agricultural treasure in the Banaue Rice Terraces and the farmlands of Central Luzon. The administrative capital city, Pangasinan, begins construction of a road connecting it to Maynila. Blast furnace construction continues, and a small defense fleet of 15 ships is allotted by Tondo to Pangasinan. Pangasinense traders report sightings of small islands west of Luzon, and scouts are sent by Pangasinan to verify their claims.
 * Crown of Castile, King Henry IV continues to remove the power of the Aristocrats. The development of Toledo continues, with construction on a new royal place set to finish in 1440. The city itself boasts a population of 52,000. Overall, the Crown of Castile has 4.7 million citizens. There are an estimated 400,000 remaining Granadan Muslims that under Henry IV will continue to be deported to Tunis. The University of Toldeo is founded, and is staffed by the children of nobles and royals. Sancho, as heir to the Castilian throne, is tutored privately, while Isabella is school at the University of Toledo. The queen of Castile dies this year, and a royal funeral is held for her. Henry IV is written to have looked mildly disinterested throughout the whole funeral. Catherine of Lancaster also dies this year. Culturally, the language of New Castilian begins to take hold among the higher class, which alongside Latin is considered to be a proper language by many aristocrats. The expansion of the navy continues, adding more caravels, galleys and longships. Naval colleges continue being founded, and as a result the Castilian Navy is one of the most elite on the Atlantic and Med. Castile welcomes Aragonese settlers. We continue the War of Neapolitan Succession, and begin the invasion of Genoa proper.
 * In the Kingdom of Gibraltar there remains an estimated 140,000 Bebers/Muslims. While the puppet regime continues to deport these settlers to Tunis, the lack of Castilian settlers make it difficult to resettle the area. Infrastructure developments see the creation of new irrigation ducts and canals beginning a long process of reclaiming the desert and rough terrain. These developments mostly happen around Casablanca, where the terrain suits such developments easier. There is an estimated Christian population of 40,000. Missionaries continue conversion efforts with some limited success.
 * In the Kingdom of Morocco, there remain an estimated 860,000 Berbers and Muslims. While the puppet regime continues to deport these to Tunis, there is an even smaller number of Castilian settlers willing to arrive in this nation. Despite this, there exists a population of 24,000 Castilians in Morocco. Infrastructure developments continue similarly to the Kingdom of Gibraltar, although the lack of Castilians to lead the project slows progress to a crawl.
 * In response to Castile's declaration of war on Genoa, Aragon reverses our diplomatic position in support of our ally, and deploy a fleet of 100 ships and an army of 40,000 to attack Corsica. Only after the invasion begins do we declare war upon Genoa, saying that it is time that Genoa's foolish Mediterranean fantasies be put down for the last time.
 * Duchy of Thuringen: The city guard continues to defend the capital city of Erfurt. Our military grows by adding more recruits each year. We continue to trade again with our neighboring states. Farming goes well in our nation this year. The healthy population continues to increase by 3% each year. Karsten's improvement in the training area is continuing to show off. Karsten's wife has twins their names are Erwin and Hannah.
 * Mayapan: Continues the integration of the southern city-states into the League. Each new state is expected to supply men to train and serve in the national army. Expansion continues northward along the coast of the Nuchol Sea (OTL Gulf of Mexico). The council seeks to improve commerce and communication between the many settlements of the Yucatan by constructing and maintaining roads between them. Due to Emperor-King Iktan's initiative, work continues to renovate and update existing buildings, roads and to create plans for future upkeep and renovations. Aztec expansion is heavily but discreetly monitored and preliminary defenses are prepared in case of war.
 * Grand Republic of Ragusa: The Republic, servants of the King of Hungary, Holy Roman Emperor and claimant to the throne of Croatia, launch an attack on Rinaldo di Durazzo's forces.
 * Grand Boyardom of Russia:  The naval prowess of Russia continues to swell, the river fleets and ocean fleets seeing the addition of new ships. The land-based military also sees expansion. Weapons of all kinds make their way into the Russian reserve arsenal, including a very limited amount of gunpowder that found its way into Russian territory from the Golden Horde. Swords are forged and shields are manufactured for levies, should they require raising. General Alexei Ivanovich, second son of Grand Prince Dmitri Ivanovich, begins military reforms, considering the tactics of the Golden Horde, the Gurkanis, and Lithuania. Among his ideas are improved insulation for soldiers. Every year, the harsh Russian winters result in deaths due to exposure. His reforms see limited application in urban areas, though deaths from freezing decline drastically. The fur and iron trade brings wealth to the Boyardom, with ore and ingots being traded through the Baltics and through the Black Sea. The Roman Empire and the Ottomans are offered a trade deal. The Russian economy has become a powerhouse in recent years, especially due to its recent connection with the Black Sea. The Russian population, which has seen massive expansion due to the conquest of the Horde in addition to post-war economy baby booming, is nearing eight million. The population, assuming Russia remains on its current path, will reach nine million in 1460.
 * Benin: Growth within the empire continues as in the past, with economic prosperity in light of the recent acquisition of the Malian gold mines driving development in much of the empire's newly settled lands, as merchants invest their wealth into new financial ventures. The warriors continue to suppress locals in newly acquired areas of Benin, and forcing them to convert to the new religion on pain of death. Some members of the clergy go so far as to investigate the spread of religions such as Christianity and Islam to discover how they managed to spread across vast regions in short periods of time, while also making their faiths remain strong among the conquered populace. In the case of Islam, it is found that Muslims provided many rights to the conquered peoples that they lacked under their own religions and governments. Leveraging sanitation and intellectual benefits of Kuzirism, Kuzir missionaries build the case to the peoples that they have been liberated from a wayward and grossly ignorant way of life, one that kept them in darkness and provided no incentive for personal growth and improvement. Showcasing the superior methods of farming and governance under the Bini government, teaching of crop rotation and irrigation, as well as the system of bureaucracy that holds those in power accountable for their actions, and highlighting the rule of law within the Benin Empire rather than the rule of the strong as in most African nations, the missionaries are able to persuade many locals into joining the religion of their own volition, as well as attracting many abandon loyalties to the old rulers who once oppressed them. Aware that not all people will join willingly, the Oba instructs his warriors expel any who resist his will from their lands, and give them to the newly converted as a reward for their fealty. Elsewhere, Sadiki Abubakar continues to make great strides in his developments with gunpowder. Many of the cannons he helped create were used successfully in the previous wars of Benin against Songhai, the Bini rebels, and later the Mali Empire, proving the weapon to be a useful tool in the waging of war. However, not pleased with this development alone, Abubakar seeks to put that power in the hands of the Bini warrior. Hearing of the development of "handguns" in Europe, Abubakar tests whether or not these weapons could be produced in Benin for a specialized group of warriors dealing with gunpowder. He has ten of the weapons fashioned for him, and asks that a specialized holding stick to aim the weapon be created as well for the handguns. With these miniaturized hand cannons, Abubakar seeks to test whether or not using them in combat will be an effective use of such technology. Infrastructure in the empire continues to be expanded, with the profits from the gold, salt and spice trade helping to finance the building of roads, canals, cities, and fortifications throughout Benin. Construction of the port city of Ziguinchor, with the city walls having already been designed and their layout finalized. The development of the port itself has mostly been completed, and the residences for the city's governor and population already completed. With the presence of Bini warriors from the Metropolitan Army in the city and the surrounding area, fears of slave raids from the Jolof to the north are subsided, and work on the city walls begins.
 * Bahmanids: Hoping to pull income away from Omani Gujarat, 130,000 men and 55 ships are sent to conquer Sindh and its port of Karachi. Mogadishan support would be nice, but is not necessary, if the Sultan feels his navy is too tired from Dar Es Saleem.
 * Cologne: Vicar-General Wikbold realizes that Norway has joined with Denmark and thus goes in an envoy to Denmark to offer a trade deal with respect to Essen’s natural resources in silver and coal. This is in return for taking a level-headed approach to the existence of infidels in Norway and Denmark, and helping to stop any unnecessary uprisings by working with canons and canonesses from both Cologne and Essen. (Please also see 1436.)
 * Essen: Academics finally begin to flock to the University of Essen (mostly theologians from the University of Cologne but academics, nonetheless). Many young canonesses regular begin to study under these academics in order to staff the institution (or the nearby school) someday and/or generally become better attune to religious thought. Accordingly, there is a small influx of young women wanting to become canonesses regular. Abbess Margarete continues to promote reforms on the streets and personally give counselling sessions to anyone suffering from Hussite fantasies.
 * Papal States: The Papal States are unsettled to hear of more reports of heresy in the north, and authorizes the Teutonic Knights and other leaders of Christian kingdoms and organizations to combat these threats. John XXIII, while growing older, still views the power of Christianity as the main uniting principle for European nations and peoples and vows to uphold its following from the palaces of Constantinople to the glaciers of Iceland. The issue of Neapolitan succession is one that greatly concerns the Papacy, and Pope John XXIII warns of any that try to threaten the Papacy in any way, including completely surrounding its territory. The outcome of the war is one that pleases the Papacy, and a Papal Legate is authorized to crown the new King of Naples.
 * In Constantinople most of the duties of the Papal Guard are diminished and the Papal troops largely remain in their barracks but their presence remains. The Papal Commander can make no promises to the withdrawal of the other troops and notes that it is up to them as to when they withdraw and suggest the Romans try their attention to them first.
 * Kingdom of France: Coming soon.
 * Queen Emma of Denmark: My beloved son, Crown Prince Eric of Denmark, turns two years of age this year and I communicate to him on a daily basis, he is turning to be quite the explorer, bold and inquistive, and I hope to foster Eric's early love of learning. I continue the development of Copenhagen, particularly the University of Copenhagen. I recieve news of the English-Danish victory in the siege of Endinburgh and I send my diplomats to Endinburgh to draft the treaty of Endinburgh to ensure that both parties get their fair share of spoils and there is a massive celebration for this glorious victory and the obtainment of peace, for we have decimated the Scottish enemy. Meanwhile, we are still negoiating in Prague. I accept the envoys of Colonge in my royal court, and I accept their offer.. I hear news of KingJohnathan's physical recovery, and I am overjoyed. Meanwhile, I begin to write the history of Denmark, starting with the establishment of the Kalmar Union in 1397 until the present year.
 * Danish Diplomacy: We recognize the Cologne envoy, and we accept the trade deal.


 * Norway: In the Norwegian court Emma begins to gain influence among the court leaders. However, many are resentful of the growing danish influence these anti-Danish Sentiements are remants of the resistance against Eric of Pomerania. They begin to spread rumours about Emma being a nyphomaniac and eric being a bastard not sired by Mikkael but rumors are just rumors. In the north building of copper mines continues to bring in new wealth. On the Faroes an agriculture outburst begins followed by a drop by the end of the year. Jonathan Gyldenlove begins to descend into insanity. One such outburst is when Emma visits him and he orders the guard to restrain her believing she is the ghost of Margaret coming back to haunt him since he destroyed Kalmar. With his Father's Insanity Mikkael begins to rule continuing on the reforms conducted by his father. One such reform is public service such as building infrastructure. An order for a palace in Geirangerfjord as a retreat for the royal family it is ordered that the natural beauty of the area not to be damaged, an order for the top European builders. Mikkael moves Eric to the palace in Oslo (not the one Jonathan is in) to be raised a Norwegian king.
 * Bohemia: We declare support for Milan in the Neapolitan Succession Crisis, raising 30k troops of Bohemia, 10k Hungarian soldiers, and 10k Holy Roman Mercenaries. The reason for joining the war: defending the Empire against foreign invasion. The army of 50k troops march to eastern France to initiate an offensive campaign. They bypass all towns, marching directly to Paris to initiate the Siege of Paris. Meanwhile, 12.5k Hungarian soldiers that were not apart of the main forces are sent to aid Ragusa against Croatia. Wenceslaus V heads onto Rome to be crowned, but continues to send delegations to the electors, trying to influence them to remain loyal to Bohemia. Heidrich continues schooling.
 * With news of the Aragonese invasion of Corsica, Duke John II of Naxos declares war on  Genoa, Milan, and  Naples as well,  invading Athens and  the Ionian Islands. We send 30 longships and 15 galleys to raid and capture the Ionian Islands  and 15 galleys to siege Athens,  along with 750 of the Navarrese Company. We unveil the new Neve-class warships with two masts and five cannons for each side. Construction continues on Megali and the Ducal Palace, along with the harbor of the city.
 * Because I like Naxos as a nation I am giving you a chance to avoid utter and complete annihilation of your nation, Genoa would have around 50 ships in Athens which would lead to the anhilliation of your nation. ~Oct
 * Thank you for the tip. ~NathanialPrice
 * What a great tip, you lost all the spoils of the war for nothing. ~Bear
 * It was a great tip. The battle would have been a massacre of my people. I will not have my people murdered and my armies decimated for a few islands. The planned instant attack on Athens was idiotic. It is much smarter to do what I am doing now: forcing the Genoese out of Athens by attacking their other lands in the Aegean. ~NathanialPrice
 * Genoa: 500 ships meet the Aragnonese fleet at Corsica. After the implied (500 v 100) decimation of the Aragonese fleet an invasion of Sardina comences with the private men of John Jacob of Monteferrat. The Bank of St. George sponors a naval sacking of Marsille.
 * Chimu Empire: The Empire completes its work on irrigation and canals,connecting the Empire together in ways never before seen. Research into new longer weapons and sheilds begins. Symbols continue to spread throughout the Empire to be used for counting, accelerating trade and knowledge throughout the region. The Empire continues officially sending settlers north to Chu-Ica, and by the years end it will grow to approximately 1380 people.

1439
<p style="font-weight:normal;">''' Angered at continued rule by what they perceive to be Persian aristocrats and spoiled Turks, a general revolt breaks out in Central Asia. The appointed relatives of major cities like Samarkand and Bukhara are evicted or executed as they are seen as emissaries of the corrupt and foreign. The Gurkani Sultanate ultimately divides evenly in half by population, the western half (mostly in Iran) under Persia while the eastern half (mostly in Central Asia) under the newly formed Uzbek Sultanate. '''

<p style="font-weight:normal;">''' Meanwhile, the Jalayarid Sultanate declares its independence, and seeks the protection of its Arab brethren in the Caliphate against potential Persian invasions. '''

<p style="font-weight:normal;"> '''A great and fierce warrior named Tadodaho begins gathering many nations to his support in OTL New England in opposition to the Iroqois. Due to his familial influence, some nations within the Confederacy desire to side with him.'''

<p style="font-weight:normal;"> Moctozuma is crowned Emperor of the Aztecs.

<p style="font-weight:normal;"> A group of clans in central Australia unite in a confederacy, with aboriginal practices beginning to be consolidated.


 * Good idea, but the specific event has a few flaws. Firstly, like today, people in Australia pre-colonisation were very much concentrated along the coast since that's where all the natural resources were and are. Inland was sparsely populated at best, the only reason we think of desert when we think of Aborigines is because Europeans took the good coastal areas. Secondly, there needs to be some cultural shift before they unify. I wrote at length about this in the leadup to PMIII, and indeed made some events related to it. I would recommend improvements in yam agriculture and fish and eel trapps. Also, if you want to end up with multiple nations in Australia, the Torres Strait Islands are another good spot. ~Cal the Lictor

<p style="font-weight:normal;">''' A man by the name of Ekkehard Stelzner in Cologne, develops a movable type. He begins to set his sights on a printed edition of the Bible, provided he could receive the blessing of the Archbishop of the city. '''

<p style="font-weight:normal;">''' After the Sack of Genoa by Castillian and Burgundian forces, most of Europe falls into a steep recession. This is brought on not only by the War of Neapolitan Succession, but also the collapse of the Bank of St. George, which had branches and affiliates across the West. The banking clans in Venice and Florence, as well as the Royal Bank of Barcelona, nearly face extinction as most trade grinds to a halt. '''

<p style="font-weight:normal;">''' The Ragusan invasion of Croatia fails to gain much traction, and is pushed back. This defeat, as well as the collapse of major trading partners, creates great social turmoil in the city of Dubrovnik. '''

<p style="font-weight:normal;">'''Ahem. If you are not the lictor, do  NOT  complaints about mod events on the main page. There is a section on the talk page for it Starting with this turn, complaints or otherwise useless text under mod events will result in a three-turn ban from the game. You have been warned. ~Edge'''


 * Duchy of Burgundy: the Burgundian Navy returns home with the end of the Neapolitan War of Succession, their Milanese, and much more plentiful Genoan ships captured and awarded as war prizes in tow. It is decided to scrap the most damaged and oldest ships as the European economy plummets. In the meantime, the captured Italian ships are moored in the naval docks for study, to determine if improvements could be made to Burgundian ships based off of them. Meanwhile, the movable type press designed by Cologne's Ekkehard Stelzner intrigues Burgundy, and the invention is looked into.


 * Gurkani Sultanate: The military conscripts as many troops as it can, raising the army to fight the Central Asian rebels and the Egyptian invaders. The army size, being roughly 500k of which the majority is sent to fight the Abbasids and Ottomans in Mosul and Tblisi. 350k sent to Mosul and 100k to defend against the other attack, garrisoning in the city against the attack. Extremely busy atm so short turn sorry
 * As you can't raise 500,000 when your population is in civil war, I'll just recalculate these figures by one-half. Also, the battle is at Trebzond not Tblisi, but I'll correct it for you. -Nate
 * The economic recession throughout Europe causes crisis in the Royal Bank of Barcelona, and the government of Aragon struggles to keep the Bank afloat. To prevent total collapse of the Bank, the government injects a large loan equivalent to $500,000 into the Bank, and raises the Common Base Tax to 4% to bring in more revenue to fund the Bank. We immediately begin seeking new trade agreements to get mercantile operations moving again, and 10 more ships are added to the Royal Bank's fleet. We reach out to the Abbasid Caliphate and request for the establishment of trade. We also ask for new trade agreements with Milan, France and England. Without the presence of its arch-rival, it is hoped that the Royal Bank can be put back on its feet within the next five years. We ask to establish branches overseas in Corsica, France and Italy. We ask Castile to lend us some of Genoa's skilled merchants to be put into the service of the Royal Bank. Meanwhile, the reconstruction of Barcelona continues, and the new Barcelona Cathedral is complete, due to open to congregations next year. Construction of the new Royal Palace is also underway, and the campus of the University of Barcelona is almost ready to accept students.


 * Abbasid Caliphate:  As soon as Al-Najm was made Caliph, he determined in his heart to complete the work which his grandfather, Al-M'utadid, had started, and swore he would claim the whole Middle East for the Caliphate, and push out the remnants of Tamerlane.  So reaching out to his ally the Ottoman Empire, the Caliph dispatched with 100,000 troops into Persia. 80,000 troops attacked the city of Mosul, led by Al-Najm himself, while the remaining 20,000 grouped with the Ottomans and aided their attack (bozi's turn later today should give the other part of this strategy), led by Al-Najm's cousin Arpad ibn Ismail. While this was going on, Arpad helped with the Ottomans to  secure an alliance with the Uzbek Sultanate, so as to help coordinate their forces against the common foe of Persia [MOD Response] . While he was gone, Al-Najm placed his Vizier in charge of the Citidel of Cairo, being the first Caliph to lead armies in many centuries. Due to this daring and highly dangerous act, Al-Najm was henceforth known as  Caliph Al-Najm Al-Akbar, or in English Al-Najm the Great.
 * The Uzbek Sultanate accepts the offer of alliance against Persia. -Rexmod
 * Ottoman Empire: The sultan works to build schools across the Ottoman Empire and works on hiring people across the state. More Muslims are sent to the south and some Turks are sent to mix with the other Muslims in the areas. The army then is brought back to surround the city while the army tries to gain more troops to replace. With the loss of the city Murad goes into Ankara and works on his army and navy weaponry. The sultan then begins to work on trading with the Thrimids and the Caliphate. Murad begins to send traders past Thrimid's land to Afghanistan and some going into India. The sultan begins to work on making Ankara a new city as Murda said "Better then the other" as he works on making the city a trading center - while the army is trained. The Sultan begins to work his military training. The Ottoman army amases an army in Samsun with 50,000 men with them riding on horseback riding into Trezbond with Naval backing (200 ships) with our assault Trezbond (if we win the battle, then we move our army to Tbilisi) . While in the South an army of 20,000 is sent to Mosul to help the Caliphate. We ask the Uzbek Sultanate for an alliance (MOD).
 * Serbia (Ottoman vassal): The sultan begins to create 1000 more mosques - mostly in the South. More imams are sent to Serbia in hope of converting the population. With the riots across the vassals the government is sent in to stop any riots but the government halts their construction of mosques (but already-built mosques will stay) but Serbian Muslims are recommend to move down south and to spread across the green areas and to populate the area.
 * Wallachia (Ottoman vassal): The sultan begins to create 800 more mosques - mostly in the South, and recruiting peasants for the army. More imams are sent to Serbia in hope of converting the population. The troops are ordered not to fire unless fired upon, the troops begin to work on defenses. The castle is now worked on by peasants. With the riots across the vassals the government is sent in to stop any riots but the government halts their construction of mosques (but already-built mosques will stay) but Wallachian Muslims are recommended to move down south and to spread across the green areas while they are recommended to then populate the area. The area is set up with defenses to stop the crusader army.
 * Epirus (Ottoman vassal): The state begins to send aid to civilians after Sultan Mehmed is heard saying "Let the Christians, Jews and anyone get food ... so long as they stay with the state.
 * Benin: The enslavement of the few Malian men resisting Bini rule is completed, and desire to sell them off to an outside power begins. Most merchants in Benin point to the Ottoman Turks, who have been found wanting for strong male slaves from the African continent. The Oba signs off on the sell of slaves to the Ottoman Empire, and arranges to have 50 oke and 100 epeepe, with a total capacity for 10,000 passengers, are consigned to the transportation of the slaves to Turkey. The ships shall make six trips from the Bini port city of Ziguinchor to the Ottoman city of Izmir each year for four years, moving 60,000 slaves from Benin to the Ottoman Empire each year. Elsewhere, the integration of the populations of the empire continues, with all youth in the empire required to go to public schools run by Benin's clergy. With the teaching of the Edo language and Kuzir religion in the schools to children, and the removal of the resisting non-Bini populations by Benin's military, the indoctrination of the conquered populations is proceeding smoothly. Most reports given by the clergy bureaucrats of Benin state that most subjects in Benin will have been fully integrated into the empire's state religion, official language, and primary culture within the next twenty to twenty-five years based on the policies of the empire. Development of handheld gunpowder weapons under the supervision of Dari Sadiki Abubakar continues, with many developments made and many warriors attesting to the power of the weapons' lethality as they test them on wooden planks, animals, and armor. However, because of the expense involved with the production of the weapons, only a thousand of them have been paid for by the Benin Imperial Army for use in specialized units in the Imperial Army. Expansion of the territory of Benin continues by 10,000 kilometers across the western coastline of the Akan lands. The men are rounded up and sent off to the Ottoman Empire as part of the trade deal set up by the Oba of Benin. The elderly are killed off, the women given out to the warriors and settlers, and the children sent off to monasteries to be indoctrinated into the Bini civilization's norms and standards. The army continues to construct roads, towns, defenses, and agricultural infrastructure throughout the empire, and newly conquered cities are rebuilt in line with the sanitation standards of Benin, helping to improve the standard of living within them. Members of the clergy perform a study to determine the effect of Benin's sanitation standards following the reign of Oba Orobiru. Most have concluded that since the introduction the strict sanitation standards of Kuzirism, the infant morality rate, death rate, and rate of disease infection, have declined greatly. With the requirement of Kuzir adherents to clean their hands, wash their bodies, and remove waste from centers of living routinely, the danger of disease and plague have been greatly reduced. The impressing of these standards on the youth in the care of the clergy in their monasteries has been a major part of their indoctrination within the empire. Elsewhere, expansion of trade in East Africa begins, with the Bini merchants residing in Sofala branching out to the Swahili cities of Kilwa, Manda, and Mombasa, and attempts to get into the markets of Mogadishu and Vohemar, are made by the merchants. The desire to exploit the growth of the future slave trade is made by the merchants from Benin in East Africa, and trading in gold and luxury items provided as a medium for trade. With this expansion of trade in East Africa, the Benin Imperial Navy is expanded by five akakan to help protect trade there.
 * The Kingdom of England:  With the overwhelming victory in Scotland, the south of Scotland is annexed into the Kingdom of England, and the King Richard decides on how to act on the north. The north of Scotland has fallen into utter disorganization, King Richard, sets up a puppet government with a small council of Celtic leaders, to look over the Northern lands of Scotland, and they will be commanded to answer to the English Crown. England expands its army and economy. Military movements are spread over southern Scotland, and a main garrison is created in Glasgow, as the major military center of southern Scotland. Edinburgh is slowly rebuilt, and King Richard sends his loyal general, General William Scarlet to look over the policies, and setting up in southern Scotland, getting the newly conquered lands organized and suitably governed. With the complete annihaliation of Scottish troops, the English easily move in and respectfully incur force and begin ruling over the lands. King Richard sends thanks to Denmark, not being able to offer gold, so they can continue to build after the war, but cedes Aberdeen, Dundee, Orkney, and the northern Hebride Island, the Scottish mainland, and the rest of the Hebrides will be under the English Crown. With the economic collapse, England is hit hard, but is able to stay afloat, with their economic boom during the war, they haven't fallen completely into an economic demise. King Richard becomes careful with England's treasury and economics, having his closest advisors, sail him through the hard times after the trade-banking collapse.  Meanwhile, the Kingdom of England offers The Kingdom of France a formal and official proposal for an Alliance. Terms: They will respect eachother's claims, Crowns, Brittany, will remain a French vassal, and continue to be shared between the two nations, as a sort of bridge, Brittany will provide France with military troops, and continue to pay homage taxes.  England sends positive intentions and relations and increases their positive standing with their two current allies: Aragon and Denmark.


 * Wales: The region of Wales, slowly builds themselves economically, trying to avoid the major effects of the recession Wales also expands their military rebuilding their garrison in Caernavon. Cardiff begins to expand, becoming more city-like. The Welsh navy moves away from the border of the English Channel, the ships move back to encircle the Scottish Isles.
 * Dublin: As the war is won in Scotland, the Irish reserves sail back to Dublin, and the English troops make their way to regarrison the well-fortified city. Dublin expands economy to buffer the recession, and they expand the military to prepare for any Irish resistance or hostility from the other Irish states.
 * Brittany (Personal Union with England): Brittany becomes the lead front of the newly proposed Alliance with the Kingdom of France. Brittany expands its economy in order to continue paying taxes to France and helping compensate England for any economic losses during their recent war. Brittany expands its navy in order to feud any pirates or bandits that would disrupt any bits of trade which are happening.
 * Southern Scotland: With the recent victory for England over Scotland, Glasgow becomes Southern Scotland's main English garrison. Edinburgh is slowly rebuilt. Southern Scotland begins expanding its military and economy. The new lands take a toll from the economic recession. The economy is expanded hoping to help cushion the blow, and the military is expanded with troops centering in Glasgow and Edinburgh. General William Scarlet moves into the Castle in Edinburgh, and ruling over the lands militaristically, under King Richard's full trust and loyalty. General William Scarlet, sends gifts that are recovered from the spoils of war to the King.
 * Northern Scotland (Vassal of England): King Richard establishes a puppet government of a council of Celtic-Scot Elders that will overlook the regions of Northern Scotland, and will answer to the English Crown. With the highly disorganized lands of the north, and the loss of the Scottish military, small militias and resistance is met when English troops begin occupying Northern England. General William Scarlet rides north to put down the small militias and resistance, and calls upon the Council of Elders to put down any more resistance which is met against English rule, that way to prove their loyalty, and if they do not, General Scarlet threatens them with "permanently removing" them from the council. General Scarlet constructs various outposts and forts over Northern Scotland, in order to control the populace, and maintain order. Northern Scotland expands their military and their economy, and all profit made is spent on mercenaries being bought and incorporated into the already established English military, General Scarlet sets Commander Hunte to train all new troops in Northern Scotland.
 * Swedish diplomacy: We ask King Richard to open Bank of St. Birgitta outposts in London, Edinburgh and Nantes in Brittany and restore the one in Aberdeen.


 * Totonacapan: A "equal" league is created incorporating Tochpan, Xuihcoac, Heuxtla, Metztitlan into Totonacapan. King Tepictoton is crowned Emperor of the Totonacs. Seeing the growth of the Aztec Empire, huge border fortifications are being constructed at our borders with the Aztecs. We continue to expand south and north at a high pace, building fortresses and towns to keep the new areas under our control. Metal working continues to grow, with citizens being able to afford them, allowing more warriors to be modernly armed. Bronze short swords/fie machetes are purchased by more warriors, and research into new longer weapons and sheilds begins. Major roads are constructed throughtout the Empire to promote trade and ease transport of goods and armies. Xallapan, Cempoala, Papantla and Colipa are further integrated into the Confederacy. El Tajin market prospers, being in a major trade route, along with El Tajin having many visitors to witness its magnificence, turning into a major hub thanks to its proximity to Papantla. Another 1.000 people this year accept the King's gracious bounty, along with new plots to build their homes and relocate in El Tajin being astonished by its magnificence. Also an estimate is made by a renowned scholar for our the population of our five biggest population centers, estimating that our capital Xallapan has around 120.000 population and is by far the biggest and the most populous city in the confederacy, Cempoala has around 80.000 population and is now rebuild and economic life gets back on track again thanks to several projects in the area, Papantla has around 60,000 population with its market growing to support the new increase in trade, Colipa has around 25.000 population with its walls being praised by its citizens for their solidness and endurance and El Tajin has around 12.000 population settlers from the whole Confederacy, aiming to receive the generous king's bounty for relocating there as well as new houses. The rights of non Totonacs continue to get revoked in favor of Totonacs, with the Mayan people being the only exemption. We continue trading minorities/non-Totonacs with the Aztecs to sacrifice to their gods in exchange for food, cattle, gold, diamonds and many other resources.
 * Sweden: As the Mediterranean trade collapses, the Bank of St. Birgitta makes a bold move and asks to establish outposts in London, Nantes, Edinburgh, Hamburg, The Hague, Stettin, Riga, Brugge, Antwerp, Middelburg, Calais, Oslo and Bergen (MOD response for Oslo and Bergen aka Norway and Hamburg. Also Middelburg aka County of Zeeland.). We restore the outpost in Copenhagen to a full extent. We start building the University of Uppsala, to spread knowledge in our lands and open a Scientiae Dei monastery in Stockholm. We officially accept the Adelphinian Reforms, and thank the Archbishop of Cologne for his faith in us. We ask for help inplementing the reforms. We ask for the Archbishop's blessing for the foundation of the University and ask to open a Scientiae Dei monastery in or near Cologne. We ask the Hansa to fully restore the rights to Visby, former Hansa city, now glorious trade capital of the Baltic Sea (MOD response plox, waiting since 1402). Since we search for a trustworthy ally, we send diplomats to the great city of Novgorod, hoping to improve our relations with Russia. We offer to help Russia build a port on the Baltic Sea. We continue promoting the lumber, iron, copper and wool trade throughout Europe. We continue expanding North, settling more people northwards and Christianizing the pagan Lappish and FInns. We offer Pskov vassalization, in return for protection.
 * Oslo is played by Belial again, Hamburg says yes.
 * I already answered that a couple of turns ago, but yes.
 * Zeeland yes.
 * Pskov is willing to accept tributary status for protection, but reject outright vassalization. -Rexmod
 * Russian Dip: While attempts to improve relations are welcome, Sweden's continued efforts to influence Pskov only sour Russo-Swedish relations. Russia will be more than amicable should Sweden desist their expansion in Pskovian affairs at once.
 * Earldom of Desmond: The Earldom celebrates the 21st year of the reign James FitzGerald, 6th Earl of Desmond. The Earl sets court up in the city of Cork, with a population estimated to be around 2000. Work begins on improving industry, infrastructure, and roads throughout the town, while migration is to the town and its surroundings is encouraged. Military improved and fortifications built while the economy is also built across our lands. We begin a policy of taking in Scottish refugees from the war (Scottish vs English) (Around 4000) and settling them in the Cork. Within the town we begin to build a town hall to manage the town and its surroundings. Due to the Gaelic resurgence in Ireland, we adopt the Brehon laws for the management of the Earldom. Throughout the Earldom, we build schools from ages 6-16 for children to learn how to read and write Gaelic, learn basic laws, history and about Christianity. We build a church in Cork, as well as numerous small churches and parishes across the Earldom. We begin sending gifts and diplomats towards our fellow Hiberno-Norman Lords of Osmond,Wexford and Kildare as well as neighbouring tribes to see if they are willing to form a unified kingdom though we offer a parliamentary system to keep things fair. (Mod Response) If not we offer to from a loose confederation under our control (Mod response) We begin to look towards the MacCarthy's for expansion.
 * Danish Diplomacy: We offer the Earldom of Desmond vassalization. In return, we shall protect Desmond from foreign enemies as well as expand trade from the Hebrides into Desmond.
 * Order of Knights Hospitaller: With the collapse of the Genoan banking system, the decline in trade results in a decline in piracy, much to the delight of the Grand Master. Unfortunately it also affects the Order's own trade income, with Candian merchants resorting to stockpiling their olive oil and other related Candian stuff, or selling it domestically. Declines in money circulating also results in a decline in cash flow from the Commandries. So the Knights have to tighten their belts, and go on full monastic diets.
 * The Korean monarch, Yi Do, distraught over the perceived corruption in the current caste system, abolishes its hereditary aspect. The caste system is reformed so status is dictated solely by performance in government exams, thus making Korea a truly meritocratic bureaucracy. This ensures that the higher echelons will remain skilled instead of depending solely on blood relations for power. Any rebelling nobles are killed on sight, with their children being adopted by pro-reform nobles. Their confiscated properties are then added to the national treasury, with about a quarter being given to peasants to ensure popularity. Korea sends its second batch of tribute to the Ming, consisting of luxury goods and human tributes such as concubines and Japanese hostages. With the Ming allegedly supporting Tondo resistance over Japanese incompetency, the Korean monarchy dispatches a secret batch of ambassadors to the Ming capital, wishing for Ming support for a Korean expedition in order to subjugate Japan ( MOD RESPONSE ). Seeking to mirror the economic sophistication of the Ming, the commercialization and augmentation of the Korean economy continues with vigor. The activities of merchants are promoted, and with food being plentiful, specialization of labor occurs; many peasants are now working in the cultivation of cash-crops and the production of textiles and handicrafts. Blast-furnaces are upgraded to higher capacity, and workshops are built nearer to them to ease the manufacturing process. Buildings nation-wide are upscaled to convey increasing Korean prosperity and Korea further expands into Manchuria, displacing and assimilating local Jurchen tribes.
 * China is unwilling to devote its own resources to subjugate Japan, but is willing to gives its blessing to any Korean attempts to do so. -Rexmod
 * Bahmanid Sultanate: I personally also believe that this year's first mod event is a little overzealous, but its still up there for now so: Against the wishes of his advisors, Ali Nadeem Shah sends 100,000 troops and 30 ships to assist the legitimate Gurkani government against its adversaries. Though he cannot go in person, he sends one of his generals with a note for Ulugh Beg Mirza: "Though the enemy seem strong, they are divided among many fronts. You only need to outnumber them on a few to give them a bloody nose."
 * Addendum: At home, the port of Karachi is further developed and given almost no taxes on trade, in hope of economically hurting the Omanis in Gujarat. Men are secretly sent into Gujarat to spread rumors that the Omanis intend to Arabize the region.
 * Ahom Kingdom: 15 new elephants are introduced into the Ganesha Division. Suphakphaa dies peacefully and his son, Susenphaa becomes the Swargadeo Maharaja. Suphakphaa's last words to his son are,"Avenge my father's loss..." Firearms are improved, and an Ahom scientist tries to create a larger version of a firearm as artillery, with different types of projectile being developed, while arquebusiers and archers are trained to develop excelent accuracy. Each division of 1000 is organized into ten khels of 100. Strategically, divisions are able to conduct combat on their own, having infantry, cavalry, archers, and  arquebusiers. This flexibility allows much greater independence among the three divisions and the ability to operate independently on their own. Each division has five khels of infantry equipped with spears, swords, axes, shields, and traditional hide armor, two khels of cavalry equipped withc spears, swords and hide armor, two khels of archers equipped with bows and daggers, and one khel or arquebusiers equipped with firearms and daggers. The cavalry khels are being phased out as the jungle terrain of the Brahmaputra Valley is not suited for cavalry. TO ALL MODS: HERE ARE SEVERAL LINKS PROVING THAT THE AHOM KINGDOM DOES HAVE FIREARMS: http://buranji.blogspot.com/2009/02/weapons-and-nature-of-warfare-in-ahom.html and http://www.ijhssi.org/papers/v4(6)/Version-2/D0462017022.pdf. Thank you.


 * Mogadishu: The nation's income continues to grow, both from increased tariffs and from the Royal Trade Fleet. Our manufacturers expand and make more money. We further expand toward the Jubba River, as canals, dikes and ditches are being built. The land surrounding the Jubba-Shebelle Rivers becomes more fertile. 10,000 local tribesman and foreign settlers became citizens of our nation last year due to our policies of land reclamation and immigration attraction. We built cannons in our Chinese furnaces, which we received from China from Zheng He's trip. We welcome Benin traders.
 * Mogadishu Diplomacy: We send support of 60 ships to the Bahmanids
 * Kingdom of Tondo:  With the naval victory in the Strait of Luzon and the land victory during the Japanese assault on Maynila, we offer the Japanese Empire peace on the following terms: Tondo will become a tributary of the Ming; all Japanese assets in the OTL Philippines become Tondo's, and Japan shall give Tondo 20 of their best ships (Mod Response)  RajahGambang further consolidates his power, discreetely assigning political opponents to far-flung provinces of Tondo or to Tondo's vassals of Ma-I and Pangasinan, or to colonization attempts in Palawan, Busuang and Samar. The government of Tondo can be roughly described as a Federal Monarchy, with each province ruled by a council with members proportionate to the province's population. Rajah Gambang invites the Huang of Pangasinan, his daughter and Ma-I's regency council, and officials from every province to draft something akin to an OTL constitution, namely, the Saligang Batas ng Tondo at Nasasakupan Nito (Constitution of the sovereign Kingdom of Tondo and all its holdings and possessions). As Maynila is one of the richest cities in South East Asia, it is now high-time to create a lasting legacy for it. A series of bridges and canals connecting the Pasig and Tagik (OTL Taguig) Rivers and all their tributaries to provide acquatic transportation, ease movement of goods, and simply build bridges above the waterways to ease the transportation of people in the Greater Tondo Province (OTL Metro Manila). To prevent problems of income inequality and unequal development, selected families in the capital are given incentives of food and gold to relocate to developing towns and cities in Cavite, Romblon and Samar. A road network has already connected Tondo Province to Cavite, and a series of roads from southeastern and southern Luzon to Pangasinan has already began construction. Tondo metallurgical capabilities increase as blast furnaces and ironforges are built all around the state. The port of Maynila is further expanded, with the navy increasing by 25 small ships and seven war junks. Trade with nearby states continue. Tondo continues expansion in Samae, Palawan and Busuanga. 2000 additional soldiers are trained Diyang Kalangitan refuses to seat beside representatives from the local Japanese merchants during the drafting on the constitution, and representatives from Ma-I and Pangasinan also refuse to sit beside or near Japanese nationals. Gambang orders 300 ships to move to patrol the Visayas archipelago, mainly to protect the trade routes, and secretly to intimidate Cebu.


 * Huangdom of Ma-I: With Tondo's grace, Ma-I settles the western part of Busuanga Island, and dedicates 100 citizens there. Li Han thrives as a cultural and financial capital of Ma-I, while Beigang immediately becomes the second port of Tondo, and conducts trade regularly with nearby nations.
 * Huangdom of Pangasinan: With Tondo's grace, Pangasinan expands into Central and Northern Luzon, attempting to assimilate the mountain and Igorot tribes located nearby to access the massive agricultural treasure in the Banaue Rice Terraces and the farmlands of Central Luzon. The administrative capital city, Pangasinan, begins construction of a road connecting it to Maynila. Blast furnace construction continues, and a small defense fleet of 15 ships is allotted by Tondo to Pangasinan. Pangasinense traders report sightings of small islands west of Luzon, and scouts are sent by Pangasinan to verify their claims.
 * Kingdom of Croatia: Repelling the invasion and solidifying its rule the King of Croatia with permission of the Sabor declares war for the re-vassalization of Dubrovnik. While this ocurrs the internal structure of Croatia is discussed.
 * In the Duchies of Milan and Savoy, Niccolò Maria Visconti signs the Treaty of Pisa alongside the Kings of France and Castile, and Duke of Burgundy, thereby ending the War of Neapolitan Succession in our favor. The Duke works extensively to repair the economy by financing great works of art to put people back into work, but the large monetary concession to France offered in the Treaty along with the payment to mercenaries and the slowdown of global trade all compound to make the nation run a substantial net deficit. To counter this problem, the Duke hires a number of the most skilled businessmen to begin teaching courses in "mercantilism," an early combination of business and economics, at the University of Padua. Meanwhile, the tax breaks for patrons of the arts continue, with a notable example being the recent Florentine work depicting the bloodshed at Turin. In Venice, the repairs to the navy are made, but it will be a long-process to restore the navy to its former grandeur after the Battle of Elba.
 * In the Kingdom of Naples, Queen Mary Anjou reigns alongside her husband via jure uxoris after the birth of Matteo. Mary has a daughter by Niccolò this year, named Benedetta. In order to stabilize the realm, it is divided into six duchies, each to be headed by loyal members of the realm who supported the Visconti claim to the throne. These duchies are: Calabria, Basilicata, Apulia, Campania, Molise, and Abruzzo. All nobles who supported rivals to the throne are given the opportunity to recant, or face imprisonment and trial for treason.
 * Duchy of Thuringen: The city guard continues to defend the capital city of Erfurt. Our military grows by adding more recruits each year. We continue to trade again with our neighboring states. Farming goes well in our nation this year. The healthy population continues to increase by 3% each year. Karsten's improvement in the training area is continuing to show off. We try to hold our own during this recession in Europe, but it hits us very hard in the face. The bank of Thuringen nearly loses everything it has. While the nobles of the nation take the biggest hit and lose most of their possessions that they used to own. The poor of the nation become even more poor. Frederick himself goes around the nation telling people to hoarders. Since all the other nations around use also take a hit from this recession our trade goes threw the floor and takes a massive hit. The royal family of Thuringen tries to not lose what it has, so now they give out less to the public.
 * After the Rape of Genoa and the subsequent annex of Genoa, John II of the Duchy of Naxos commands his warships and armies to turn back from the Ionian Islands, hoping to make peace with Milan and Naples. However, he still believes he can make a profit from this war, and invades the Genoese Aegean Islands, hoping to draw out the Genoese fleet at Athens. 15 galleys invade the island of Chios, among them the new flagship of the Naxian Navy, the Neve-class warship Duke Francesco, named after Duke John II's father. Meanwhile, 20 longships attack Lesbos, while all 1,000 men of the Navaresse Company attack Euboea. We prepare siege engines and trebuchets for the planned Siege of Athens, along with hundreds of barrels of pine resin to be lit aflame and thrown into the enemy city. In happier news, Duchess Eleanor has another child, the girl Caterina 'Catherine' Crispo. A festival is held in Naxos for her birth. Megali continues to be built, though the Ducal Palace is almost finished. More Neve-class warships are built in the new harbor of Megali. We attempt to hire any Venetian shipbuilders (Mods Please).
 * Just so you know, this territory is now under allied control, so you are invading territory belonging to either Castile or France.
 * Only in name, I would imagine. Even though the Treaty of Pisa says that all of Genoese lands now belong to the coalition, the rulers of Athens and the other Genoese Aegean Lands wouldn't just surrender to become under coalition control. As the lands of the Aegean haven't been invaded yet, I imagine that the lands are still in rebellion for Genoa. At least, that's where I am coming from. -NathanialPrice
 * The Crown of Castile works rapidly to solve the economic crisis, but alas the crisis only continues to spiral out of control. As a result, many of the infrastructure projects are forced to take a back seat to maintaining Castile's Navy. The addition of a fourth of Genoa's navy helps in this regard, but without the proper funds the naval development grinds to a near halt for the time being.The remaining population of Granada continues to be deported, with a remaining 330,000 Granadan Muslims set for deportation over the next five years. Henry IV forms his new religious council, called the Order of the Red Lion. The Order is established to ensure that the "Religious Integrity" of Castile remains in check. In reality however, the Order of the Red Lion seeks to destroy political discontent under the King's rule, and its establishment further solidifies King Henry's Absolute Power. Castile inherits many of Genoa's merchants and trade routes, but with the banking crisis having ruined the economies of many nations, trade is at an all time low.
 * Kingdom of Gibraltar: Continues its Chirstinization efforts. With a remaining 120,000 Berber Muslims in the territory, the kingdom should be able to finish the deportation efforts within seven more years. Castillian/Christian populace now numbers 50,000 within Gibraltar. With the economic crisis, little work is done on expanding the irrigation systems to reclaim the desert of Morocco. The Kingdom is ruled by Alfonso I of House Ivera.
 * Kingdom of Morocco: The Kingdom has a remaining Berber Muslim population of 850,000. With the slower settlement and deportation efforts, it is estimated to take another 30-50 years before. Morocco continues to be the meeting ground of Trade between Europe and the faraway Kuzir Empire, which makes the merchants of Fez quite rich. These merchants are somewhat spared from the economic crisis in Europe as they trade primarily with the Kuzirs, but many of them still feel the pressure with the economic collapse of Europe. The Kingdom is Ruled by Beatriz I, from a side branch of House Burgundy. Reclaim efforts are mostly funded by the wealthy merchants in Fez.
 * The Serene Republic of Liguria: With the end of the Neopolitian War, the republic of Liguria is established and ruled by the Spinola Family, ruled by Franseco Spinola. With the Rape of Genoa, a little under half of the population has fled the nation, resulting in a current population of 190,000. With many shipyards and docks damaged during the war, Franseco uses what little funds he has available to slowly restore the nation to its former glory, under Castillian dominance of course.
 * The Duchy of Athens: Annexes all of the Greek territory that Castile inhereted from the Neopolitian War, and Castile/Athens asks that Naxos end its invasion as the war is over. The nation has a population of 60,000, and although there is some discontent, any of hope of rebellion is squashed by the lack of a good sponsor, the banking Crisis, and the destruction of the Republic of Genoa. The duke Antonio Acciaioli is allowed to remain in power, and a marrige is set up between his son Antonio and the daughter of Castile Isabella.
 * Duke John II of Naxos is greatly embarrassed; prepared to find a country of rebellious Genoese, he finds only a country in peace, being run by their new lords. The invasion is immediately ended, and the ships of the Naxian Navy return home.
 * Grand Boyardom of Russia: Settlements along the Baltic Sea see expansion as merchants and traders make their homes near docks. On the other side of Russia, expansion into Siberia continues, with limited military presence being seen in newly-settled areas. Roads through the many principalities of Russia see construction or, in some cases, repair and rennovation. The fleets in the Baltic Sea, namely the First Fleet, see increased expansion due to Sweden's attempts at vassalizing Pskov. They instruct the nation to cease their efforts immediately. In the meantime, merchant traders work to expand Russian trade routes in the North Sea. Russia congratulates England on their victory against Scotland, offering trade deals to the nation as well as Burgundy and France. The navies in the Russian rivers see more expansion, with more ships being added every year. Grand Prince Dmitri Ivanov makes a trip to Constantinople this year to see the Hagia Sophia and meet with religious and political leaders over the state of affairs in the post-crusade city. He hopes to reunify the Orthodox Church.
 * Chimu Empire: The Empire finally is using the symbols for counting throughout the country, and people begin wondering if combinations of pictures and symbols could reperesnt words or the Chimu language, and work begins on it. Research into new longer weapons and sheilds yeilds its first results, with sheilds made of bronze and wood begining to be distributed to the army, with a wood base covered on front and end with bronze to be worn on a soldiers arms to block blows. The Empire continues officially sending settlers north to Chu-Ica, and by the years end it will grow to approximately 1721 people, when it starts to have a baby boom and the local peoples begin joining en masse. The Chimu, with the nation now a melded pot of Inca and Chimu cultures, enters a golden age, and expansion to the south begins at a modest pace, Reed ships reach the western coast of the Mayan Empire, meaning that it is possible to explore the coasts of South and Central America and people begin drawing coastlines on cloths, creating the first maps. The Chimu begin talks with the Maya on trade deals.
 * Bohemia: Wenceslaus V returns home. Influencing of electors continues. Adolf and Eva begin schooling. Heidrich continues schooling. We sign the Treaty of Dubrovnik. Our soldiers are sent home. As Genoa's bank fails, we are not hit as worse as some nations, but we are still nonetheless hit. Wenceslaus V begins trying to think of ways to improve the economy for Bohemia and the Empire in general.
 * Iroquois Confederacy: Interested in this man, Tadodaho, Chief Notaku sends a delegate to meet with him. We ask his reasonings for succeeding from the Confederacy, for they do not seem reasonable. The leaders of the Confederacy have always, first and foremost, looked after the people's best interest. Chief Notaku wishes to have Tadodaho join him and use his influence to further unite the indigenous people of OTL North America. Rejoin the Confederacy and he can preside over New England, since he has unified it. We will acknowledge all territories between OTL Connecticut River and the Atlantic Ocean, and as far north as St. Lawrence River/Bay region as Tadodaho's. Our only request is that he answers the Iroquois' call to arms and to continue all trade operations with all friendly nations/tribes. (Mod Response): In accordance with the Iroquois Constitution, Chief Notaku decrees that all people are free to live where they wish, even if that means they leave the Confederacy. He wishes, though, to find a peaceful solution to this, for he does not wish to see the blood of his people shed, regardless of where they reside. We increase military and continue urbanization.
 * Cologne: The Archbishop of Cologne, with Abbess Margarete of Essen, sends a small envoy of canonesses to Sweden, Denmark and Norway to assist the local Church with the Adelphinian Reforms. Each process begins with the establishment of a Court of Discipline for misbehaving priests, and the Reforms slowly begin to enter the public sphere. Accordingly, the majority of moderate dissidents in these countries are quieter in their protest. Further, Archbishop Dietrich II gives his blessing for the University and allows a Scientiae Dei monastery to open in outer Cologne. He also invites two Scientiae Dae monks to the Cathedral to introduce him to their practices and achievements. Meanwhile, Dietrich II is elated to hear of Ekkehard Stelzner’s invention: he publicly congratulates Stelzner on the achievement and gives his blessing to Stelzner to work with the Abbess of Essen in producing a printed edition of the Bible.
 * Essen: Abbess Margarete invites Ekkehard Stelzner to Essen. Her canonesses are inspired by the prospect of being able to print hundreds of copies of the Bible and share their faith with the masses in a way that is accessible to all; they thus work very quickly on putting together their most accurate versions of the Bible in Latin and German. Abbess Margarete suggests to Stelzner that, because the vast majority of literate people at this time read Latin, it would be more effective to first print the Bible in Latin and follow it up with German Bibles. As production begins, Margarete takes the first few copies of the Printed Bible to the streets with her to show the people. The people say her eyes light up with excitement, like a child, and that she speaks with incredible passion despite her age.
 * Queen Emma of Denmark: Last year on Christmas my husband, Crown Prince Mikkael of Norway visited Copenhagen to celebrate the birth of Jesus with my son Eric of Denmark and me. A few days later, however, Mikkael took Eric, my beloved son, away from me and from Copenhagen, and I was forced to follow him to Oslo. Mikkael did this nefarious action without words or any reason, he just uprooted us from Copenhagen and took us to Oslo. I did not know nor like what Mikkael was doing but I went along with it, perhaps it was an emergency regarding his father, King Johnathan of Norway I visited him to make sure he was doing well and upon my arrival he ordered his guards to restrain me screaming "MAGRETHE'S GHOST, YOU SHALL NOT HAUNT ME!" This scared me beyond belief and I feared for my life. Fortunately I was not killed and I was eventually released and I returned to Johnathan's castle, only to discover that Johnathan was tutoring my son, Eric of Denmark, to be a Norwegian King. This upset me, but I did nothing but go to bed because I was so confused at the events of what happened with King Johnathan the Mad. I also reasoned that it was good for Eric to spend time with his father. Mikkael took primary care and education for Eric of Denmark, taking my son away from his mother. The new year dawned, 1439 Anno Domoni, and Mikkael drank heavily and went to sleep and I got Eric of Denmark in my arms and I managed to escape Mikkael's castle, sneaking past the guards and pleading for help to those who were awake. Eventually, I retreated to Skane, Denmark  with my son Erik in my arms, finally we were free from the hands of Mikkael and we returned home to Copenhagen, .. Before leaving, I wrote Mikkael a letter "My dearest beloved Mikkael, today I have left Oslo with my son, Eric of Denmark. It all started when you took my son Eric of Denmark, to whom I gave birth, nurtured at my breasts, and raised and educated him over the course of his entire life, forcing me to leave my home, Copenhagen, the city I was born and raised in. You did this without word, explanation or reasoning, and I was very frightened. Further, when I visited your father, he bound me and captured me during a bat of insanity screaming that I was my great aunt, Queen Magrethe of Denmark, this was a horrific experience, only to come home to you officially taking away my son by pushing me away and educating him and taking care of him yourself, leaving me out of the process, telling me to go to my room. You stole my son, Eric, away from me, so I fled back to Denmark with him. I hope you understand, Love, Queen Emma."  Upon my arrival to Copenhagen, fearing that Mikkael would react to me taking Eric back to Copenhagen in severe retalliation, I sent 6000 troops to the Danish-Norwegian in order to protect from a Norwegian invasion, as they have invaded us before. I was overjoyed to have Eric back, and I embraced him and continued to take care of him and educate him. Upon arrival, I heard news of the Treaty of Endinburgh and I begin to integrate Abderdeen, Dundee, and the Northern Hebrides into Denmark by sending Danish nobles over there, and the integration shall be completed by next year. I also recieve news of the economic recession of the Mediterranean, and I pounce upon this opportunity to increase and expand trade in the North Sea, and establish Danish trading outposts once again in Aberdeen and Dundee, and this time in the Danish Hebrides, from the Hebrides, we open up trade with Ireland, particarly the Duchy of Desmond. Meanwhile, in Copenhagen, there is a massive celebration when Eric and I return to the city of Copenhagen and I continue the development of the University of Copenhagen.
 * Holstein: We enact economic policies to help us in the recession and we expand trade with the HRE.
 * Papal States: The Papacy is displeased with the current events that have taken place in Italy, and privately confers with the Pope to formulate a grand strategy and determine future steps. For now, all that is done is to see that the Papacy's garrisons are well manned and maintained and that the unity of the present Church is upheld in thought and deed.
 * In Constantinople, the Papal commander continues to assist in repairs and fortifications. Privately, he worries he may soon have to withdraw his forces and return to Italy.
 * Mayapan: Continues the integration of the southern city-states into the League. Each new state is expected to supply men to train and serve in the national army. The council seeks to improve commerce and communication between the many settlements of the Yucatan by constructing and maintaining roads between them. Due to Emperor-King Iktan's initiative, work continues to renovate and update existing buildings, roads and to create plans for future upkeep and renovations. Aztec expansion is heavily but discreetly monitored and preliminary defenses are prepared in case of war.


 * Norway: Mikkael, hearing word of his wife's treacherous behavior, is angered at her behavior. States to her that He took them to Norway to avoid a coup conducted by the Norwegian nobility feeling dominated by the Danish nobility and demanding that the Eric be relocated to Norway for a Norwegian king, also after receiving news of an attempted assassination against his wife by an unhappy Danish noble and son fearing for their life he wished to bring them to Norway to protect and by relocating them back to Denmark they have endangered them both. Not to mention his wife has outright lied to him with his son not being allowed anywhere near Mikkael's Father. Secretly Mikkael begins to grow apart from Emma violating the sanctity of their marriage on multiple occasions impregnating an young noblewoman. The reformation of Norway continues with a parliament being established to keep the Danes at bay from gaining influence. Citizenship is established in Norway as being forced to take vows and speak Norwegian to keep a loyal population. Status quo continues economically. Seeing an opportunity for economic development we open an affiliate of the Bank of Visby called the Dank of St. Olaf run by Calix Aureus.
 * Secret Diplomat: Seeing a growing Danish influence in the British Isle region we offer vassalization and protection to the Irish State of Breifne to protect it against British and Danish aggression. Secret End.


 * Breifne agrees. -Nate
 * No vassalizing of Irish states by KU members -Sky
 * Queen Emma of Denmark: I deeply apologize for my actions Mikkael, I was extremely scared and I seek forgiveness from you as I now know the reason why you moved us to Oslo. I have uncovered the Danish noble's assassination plot and I have ordered his execution. I shall return to Oslo with Eric monetarily, but he shall be raised and educated by both of us equally, and he shall be raised as both a Danish King and a Norwegian King. I hope that you forgive my actions and our relationship can return prior to this incident.