Principia Moderni III (Map Game)

​Principia Moderni, or "The Beginning of the Modern" in Late Latin, was a map game beginning in the final days of the Middle Ages in Europe, and the early days of the Ming Dynasty in China - in 1400 C. E, a turbulent era; in other words, an era of change; an era in which power is cemented. The first game was perhaps the most successful map game on the wiki in terms of length, finishing without dying and plausible expansions. However, it did have its problems, and has now finished. The second game, instead of being a worthy successor to the first, was marred by over-expansionism, feuds between players, ambiguity in the rules, which often caused controversy on wars between player nations, over-competitiveness, and overall inactivity of the moderators, but was nevertheless successful in reaching the Modern Age. And thus, this third installment has been created. Welcome to Principia Moderni III!

'''And on the first day, the LORD proclaimed that the game would have 50 players. And so 50 players it had. And He said the record shall be broken, and the record was broken.'''

'''And on the second day, He said that the game would have 52 players! And 52 players it did have! And He said the record would be broken once more. And so it was broken once more.'''

'''And on the third day, He declared that the game would have 58 players. And correct He was once more, for 58 players it did have. Again, He said the record was to be broken, and so it was.'''

'''And on the fourth day, He decided that the game would have 60 players! And He was not in the wrong again for 60 players the game did have, and the record of records was to be broken again, and it was as such!'''

Something about 62 players on the eleventh day.

Active

 * 1) Andr3w777
 * 2) Collie Kaltenbrunner (Moderator-in-Chief, Assistant Mapmaker)
 * 3) Callumthered
 * 4) Commandante Lemming
 * 5) CourageousLife
 * 6) CrimsonAssassin
 * 7) Fedelede
 * 8) Monster Pumpkin
 * 9) Mscoree (Moderator and Mapmaker)
 * 10) Scandinator (Mapmaker, Disaster Mod)
 * 11) Scrawland Scribblescratch (Mapmaker only)
 * 12) Sine dei gloriem

Honorary

 * AwesomePeruvian
 * Cosman246 (creator of the first game)
 * Detectivekenny (moderator-in-chief of the first game)
 * Galaguerra1
 * PitaKang
 * LurkerLordB (moderator-in-chief of Principia Moderni II until about 1580)
 * VonGlusenburg
 * NovaSims

Current Map


.

Sign-ups
Please do not panic, the claims have been saved but the nation's list is being modified. Nations marked with ** are not available.

Western Europe (France & Iberia)

 * Lordship of Albret --
 * Andorra --
 * Anjou (Personal Union under Provence) -- Mawilda
 * Aragon -- Scrawland Scribblescratch (talk)
 * Brittany -- Flag of South Korea.png PitaKang- My Life for Aiur! En Taro Tassadar
 * Castile --
 * Foix (Personal Union with Andorra) --
 * French lands (civil conflict with multiple factions competing for dominance, controlled by Valois, king in madness) **
 * Alençon (Dynastic Union with Valois) -- Mawilda
 * Angoulême (No Ruler, governed by Valois) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Armagnac (Dynastic Union with Valois) --
 * Auvergne (Personal Union with Berry, Vassal of France) -- Sine dei gloriem &#34;Ex Initio Terrae&#34; (talk)
 * Berry (Dynastic Union with Valois, Vassal of France) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Blois (Personal Union under Orléans with France) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Bourbon (Dynastic Union with Valois Vassal of France -- Sine dei gloriem &#34;Ex Initio Terrae&#34; (talk)
 * Duchy of Burgundy (Personal Union with France)-- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Dunois (Personal Union under Orléans with France) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Forez (Personal Union under Bourbon, Vassal of France) -- Sine dei gloriem &#34;Ex Initio Terrae&#34; (talk)
 * French royal lands (Ruled by Valois) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * La Marche (Dynastic Union with Bourbon) --
 * Nemours (Personal Union with Armagnac) --
 * Nevers (Dynastic Union with Burgundy) --
 * Orléans (Dynastic Union with Valois, Vassal of France) -- Sine dei gloriem &#34;Ex Initio Terrae&#34; (talk)
 * Parthenay (Vassal of Orléans) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Périgord (Personal Union under Orléans) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Rodez (Personal Union with Armagnac) --
 * Valois -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Vendôme (Personal Union under La Marche) -- Mawilda
 * Granada (Vassal of Castile) --
 * Limoges --
 * Navarra (Dynastic Union with Valois) --
 * Portugal -- Collie Kaltenbrunner (talk)
 * Saluzzo (Vassal of France) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)

Northern Europe (Britain & Scandinavia)

 * Munster -- Macedon_Shield.pngBow To Your Sensei. BOW TO YOUR SENSEI!!! Rome_Shield.png
 * ​Leinster -- Macedon_Shield.pngBow To Your Sensei. BOW TO YOUR SENSEI!!! Rome_Shield.png


 * Ulster -- Local Mafia Boss (Talk) (Blog)
 * Bréifne - Local Mafia Boss (Talk) (Blog)
 * England -- Trust Me, I'm The Doctor (talk)
 * Wales -- Trust Me, I'm The Doctor (talk)
 * Dublin -- Trust Me, I'm The Doctor (talk)
 * UNC
 * Denmark -- Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svg Labarum.jpg CrimsonAssassin- I have special eyes
 * Sweden -- Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svg Labarum.jpg CrimsonAssassin- I have special eyes
 * Norway -- Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svg Labarum.jpg CrimsonAssassin- I have special eyes
 * Schleswig -- Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svg Labarum.jpg CrimsonAssassin- I have special eyes
 * Mayo --
 * Scotland -- LightningLynx89 (talk)
 * Sligo --
 * Thomond --

Holy Roman Empire

 * Alpine HRE States
 * Aargau --
 * Austria -- Mscoree (talk)
 * Basel --
 * Chur -- (Vassal of Austria) Mscoree (talk)
 * Cilli (Vassal of Hungary) -- [[Image:1.png|23px]] Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Freibourg --
 * Gorizia -- (Vassal of Austria) Mscoree (talk)
 * Montfort --
 * Swiss Confederacy -- Daeseunglim (talk)
 * Salzburg -- (Vassal of Austria) Mscoree (talk)
 * Wallis --
 * Bohemian HRE States (Vassal states to Bohemia, except Moravia)
 * Bohemia -- Millgy (talk)
 * Brieg -- Millgy (talk)
 * Falkenburg -- Millgy (talk)
 * Glogau -- Millgy (talk)
 * Liegnitz -- Millgy (talk)
 * Moravia (Dynastic Union with Bohemia) -- The Æsir (talk)
 * Oels -- Millgy (talk)
 * Opole -- Millgy (talk)
 * Ratibor -- Millgy (talk)
 * Severien -- Millgy (talk)
 * Strehlitz -- Millgy (talk)
 * Teschen -- Millgy (talk)
 * Troppau -- Millgy (talk)
 * Frankish and Dutch HRE States
 * Bar --
 * Brabant (Member of the General Estates) -- Nkbeeching (talk)
 * Breda --
 * County of Burgundy (Personal union under the Duchy of Burgundy) -- Sine dei gloriem &#34;Ex Initio Terrae&#34; (talk)
 * Cambrai (Bishopric) --
 * French Flanders (artios, and the lands south of the county of Flanders, Personal Union with Burgundy) -- Sine dei gloriem &#34;Ex Initio Terrae&#34; (talk)
 * County of Flanders (Subject of Brabant-Hainaut-Holland): Nkbeeching (talk) 00:44, March 10, 2014 (UTC)
 * Lordship of Frisia (Member of the General Estates) -- Nkbeeching (talk)
 * Geldern (Disorganized, Personal Union under Jülich) --
 * Hainaut (member of the General Estates) -Nkbeeching (talk)
 * Holland (Member of the General Estates) -- Nkbeeching (talk)
 * Liege (Prince-Bishopric) -- parts under B-H-H occupation
 * Limburg --
 * Lorraine (Vassal of Burgundy) -- Sine dei gloriem &#34;Ex Initio Terrae&#34; (talk)
 * Luxembourg (Personal Union under Moravia) -- The Æsir (talk)
 * Metz -- (Vassal of France) -- Sine dei gloriem &#34;Ex Initio Terrae&#34; (talk)
 * Namur --
 * Straßburg -- (Vassal of Burgundy) -- Sine dei gloriem &#34;Ex Initio Terrae&#34; (talk)
 * Sundgau (Vassal of Austria) -- Mscoree (talk)
 * Utrecht (Bishopric) -- Parts under B-H-H occupation.
 * Verdun -- (Vassal of France) -- Sine dei gloriem &#34;Ex Initio Terrae&#34; (talk)
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria
 * Bayern-Ingolstadt (Vassal of Bayern-Landshut) -- Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Bayern-Landshut -- Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Bayern-Munchen (Vassal of Bayern-Landshut, as well as personal union) -- Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Bayern-Straubing (Vassal of Bayern-Landshut) -- Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Burgau (Vassal of Bayern-Landshut as declared by Scraw (subject to change)) Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Nürnburg (Vassal of Bayern-Landshut) -- Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Burggraschaft (Vassal of Bayern-Landshut) -- Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Bamberg (Vassal of Bayern-Landshut) -- Cookiedamage (talk) 22:02, March 3, 2014 (UTC)
 * German HRE States (Under construction)
 * Augsburg -- (Vassal of Austria) Mscoree (talk)
 * Baden -- HungryLayne (Talk) 06:11, March 7, 2014 (UTC)
 * Bamberg --
 * Berg (Dynastic Union with Jülich) --
 * Brandenburg (Personal Union under Moravia) The Æsir (talk)
 * Breisgau (Vassal of Austria) -- Mscoree (talk)
 * Bremen (Bishopric) -- Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svg Labarum.jpg CrimsonAssassin- I have special eyes
 * Bruchhausen (vassal of Hamburg) --
 * Brunswick-Göttingen (Fragmented) --
 * Burggrafschaft --
 * Cleves-Mark --
 * Frankfurt (Vassal of Hesse) -- Blocky858 (talk)
 * Fürstenburg --
 * Duchy of Hamburg -- I am that guy (talk)
 * Hesse -- Blocky858 (talk)
 * Hohenlohe --
 * Holstein (Vassal of Denmark) -- Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svg Labarum.jpg CrimsonAssassin- I have special eyes
 * Jülich --
 * Kempten --
 * Köln (Prince-Bishopric)-- Mapd00d (talk)
 * Konstanz --
 * Lippe (vassal to Hamburg) --
 * Magdeburg (Prince-Bishopric) --
 * Mainz (Prince-Bishopric) -- Teh Squirrel (talk)
 * Mecklenburg --Flownder10 (talk)
 * Münster (Prince-Bishopric) --
 * Nassau -- (Vassal of Hesse) Blocky858 (talk)
 * Oldenburg -- Callumthered (talk)
 * Osnabrück (Prince-Bishopric) --
 * Oettingen (Vassal of Austria) -- Mscoree (talk) 03:42, March 6, 2014 (UTC)
 * Paderborn (Prince-Bishopric) --
 * Pfalz (Dynastical Union with Bavaria) (Fragmented) --
 * Pomerania-Stettin (Dynastic Union with Poland) --
 * Pomerania-Wolgast --
 * Ruppin (Disorganized and Weak) --
 * Saxe-Lauenburg -- http://althistory.wikia.com/wiki/User_talk:Nlenhardt
 * The Hansa --
 * Trier (Prince-Bishopric)-- NonEuclidean ツ (Talk)
 * Ulm -- (Vassal of Austria) Mscoree (talk) 03:42, March 6, 2014 (UTC)
 * Westfalen (Personal Union under Köln) -- Mapd00d (talk)
 * Württemburg -- (Vassal of Austria) Mscoree (talk)
 * Würzburg (Bishopric) --
 * Zweibrücken (Fragmented) --
 * Italian HRE States
 * Aquileia (Vassal of Austria) -- Mscoree (talk)
 * d'Asti -- Zengu (talk)
 * Corsica (Personal Union under Naples) -- Quashi (talk)
 * Ferrara (Vassal of Naples) -- Quashi (talk)
 * Genoa (Personal Union under Naples) -- Quashi (talk)
 * Milan -- Tr0llis (talk)
 * Modena (Vassal of Naples) -- Quashi (talk)
 * Montferrat (Dynastic Union with the Roman Empire) -- Zengu (talk)
 * Padua -- (Vassal of Milan) Tr0llis (talk)
 * Provence -- Mawilda
 * Savoy -- Zengu (talk)
 * Tuscany -- Quashi (talk)

Southern Europe (Italy & the Balkans)

 * Achaea (annexed by the Roman Empire) -- Monster Pumpkin
 * Aegina (Vassal of Venice) -- Kunarian (talk)
 * Arborea --
 * Arta -- Captainjohnrex (talk)
 * Athens (Vassal of Venice) -- Kunarian (talk)
 * Berat (Vassal of Naples) --
 * Bosnia (vassal of Hungary) -- [[Image:1.png|23px]] Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Roman (Byzantine) Empire -- Monster Pumpkin
 * Candia (Vassal of Venice) -- Kunarian (talk)
 * Cephallenia --
 * Corfu (Vassal of Venice) -- Kunarian (talk)
 * Croatia (Personal Union with Hungary) -- [[Image:1.png|23px]] Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Epirote Republic (Personal Union with Venice) -- Kunarian (talk)
 * Garay (Vassal of Hungary) -- [[Image:1.png|23px]] Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Hungary -- [[Image:1.png|23px]] Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Moldavia (Vassal of Wallachia) -- Stephanus rex (talk)
 * Naples -- Quashi (talk)
 * Naxos (Vassal of Venice) -- Kunarian (talk)
 * Negroponte (Vassal of Venice) -- Kunarian (talk)
 * Vatican City (Vassal of Naples) -- Quashi (talk)
 * Ragusa (Vassal of Venice) -- Kunarian (talk)
 * Raška --
 * Serbia (Vassal of the Ottomans) -- ChrisL123 (talk)
 * Sicily (Dynastic Union with Aragon) -- DatStar (talk)
 * Split (Vassal of Hungary) -- [[Image:1.png|23px]] Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Valona --
 * Venetian Republic (Personal Union with Epirus) -- Kunarian (talk)
 * Wallachia -- Stephanus rex (talk)
 * Zachlumia (Vassal of Hungary) -- [[Image:1.png|23px]] Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Zeta (Vassal of Naples) -- Quashi (talk)

Eastern Europe

 * Courland --
 * Dorpat --
 * Great Perm (Vassal of Golden Horde) -- Fed (talk)
 * Golden Horde -- Fed (talk)
 * Lithuania -- your best friend
 * Mazovia (Prussian Vassal) -- Yank
 * Muscovy -- Flag of Romania.svgToţi în unu; Nihil Sine DeoFlag of Romania.svg
 * Novgorod --
 * Rostov (Vassal of Novgorod) --  ...  Razor  - the Razor Nabil.png
 * Yaroslavl (Vassal of Novgorod) --  ...  Razor   -  the Razor  Nabil.png
 * Osel-Wiek --
 * Poland --
 * Pskov -- -Lx (leave me a message)Azarath Flag.png
 * Prussia -- Yank
 * Theodoro (Vassal of the Roman Empire) -- Monster Pumpkin
 * Tver (Vassal of Novgorod) --  ...  Razor   -  <span style="text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px yellow, 0 0 1em #0FF, 0 0 0.2em #0FF; color: white; font: 1.4em Cambria, serif; text-align: center; font-variant: small-caps;">the Razor  Nabil.png  01:43, March 5, 2014 (UTC)
 * Viatka (Vassal of Muscovy) -- Flag of Romania.svgToţi în unu; Nihil Sine DeoFlag of Romania.svg

Anatolia & Caucasia

 * Kingdom of Armenia (Dynastic Union w/ Georgia) -- "Tom" TankOfMidgets (talk)
 * Avars (Disorganised) --
 * Cicilia (Mamlukean Vassal) --
 * Circassia (Disorganised) --
 * Cyprus (Vassal of Castile) --
 * Dido (Disorganised) --
 * Dulkadir (Vassal of Ottomans) -- ChrisL123 (talk)
 * Sultanate of Erzincan (Vassal of Ottomans) -- ChrisL123 (talk)
 * Kingdom of Georgia - "Tom" TankOfMidgets (talk)
 * Kaffa (Vassal of Venice) -- Kunarian TALK
 * Kara Koyunlu (Black Sheeps; Vassal of Ottomans) -- ChrisL123 (talk)
 * Leks (Disorganised) --
 * Mardin --
 * Ossetia (Disorganised) --
 * Ottoman Empire— ChrisL123 (talk)
 * Rhodes (annexed by the Roman Empire) -- Monster Pumpkin
 * Ak Koyunlu (White Sheeps) --

Mesopotamia

 * Jalayirid Sultanate of Mesopotamia (Personal Union w/ Mamluks) --
 * Principality of Adiabene (Vassal of Georgia) -- TankOfMidgets (talk)
 * Principality of Ardalan (Puppet of Georgia) -- TankOfMidgets (talk)
 * Principality of Gordyene (Vassal of Armenia) -- TankOfMidgets (talk)

Arabia

 * Ka'aba District (Mamlukean Caliph) --
 * Arabia (Mamlukean Vassal) -- Jendryg (Talk) /

Timurids & Central Asia

 * Timurid Empire -- SkyGreen 24 16:46, February 26, 2014 (UTC)

South Asia

 * Ahom --
 * Andhra --
 * Bastar --
 * Bengal Sultanate -- Eiplec - ಠ_ಠ (talk)
 * Emirate of Andamana -- Eiplec - ಠ_ಠ (talk)
 * Rajya of Orissa -- Eiplec - ಠ_ಠ (talk)
 * Kingdom of Arakan -- Eiplec - ಠ_ಠ (talk)
 * Chutiya --
 * Dhundhar (Disorganized) --
 * Garjat (Vassal of Orissa) --
 * Gondwana --
 * Gujarat --
 * Gwalior --
 * Jaffna --
 * Jaisalmer --
 * Jaunpur (Vassal of Timurids) -- SkyGreen24
 * Kathiawar --
 * Khandesh --
 * Koch --
 * Kozhikode --
 * Malwa --
 * Marwar (Disorganized) --
 * Mewar (Disorganized) --
 * Nepal (Vassal of Tibet) -- <span style="background:-webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, from(#B8860B), to(#DEB887)); border:4px ridge grey; -webkit-border-radius:0em 0em 0em 0em;">Flag of Tibet.svg <span style="text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px brown, 0 0 1em #000, 0 0 0.2em #0FF; color: white; font: 1.5em Cambria, serif; text-align: center; font-variant: small-caps;">Jbwncster   <span style="text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px brown, 0 0 1em #000, 0 0 0.2em #0FF; color: white; font: 1.0em Cambria, serif; text-align: center; font-variant: small-caps;">(Talk)  RustySilverGear.png
 * Raigam (Disorganized) --

East Asia

 * Alliance of the Four Oirats -- Ninjasvswarriors (talk)
 * Chagatai Khanate --
 * Japan (civil war between the daimyos, highly decentralized) **
 * Akamatsu --
 * Amago --
 * Ashikaga (Shogun) -- ShadowKnights1234
 * Date --
 * Hatekeyama --
 * Hosokawa --
 * Imagawa --
 * Isshiki --
 * Kamakura --
 * Kikuchi --
 * Kono --
 * Mogami --
 * Otomo --
 * Ouchi --
 * Satake --
 * Shiba --
 * Shimazu --
 * Shoni --
 * Takeda --
 * Toki --
 * Uesugi -- Ratc3333 Here, Prepare for Combat (talk)
 * Yamana --
 * Jurchens (Decentralized and partly occupied by China) --
 * Korea (Vassal of China) -- Scandinator (talk)
 * Manchuria --
 * Ming China -- Scandinator (talk)
 * Mongol Khanate -- Saturn120 (talk) 01:43, March 5, 2014 (UTC)
 * Mangut Nivkhgu -- Commandante Lemming (talk)
 * Qara Del --
 * Ryukyu --
 * Tibet -- Jbwncster (talk)
 * Vijaynagar --

South-East Asia

 * Ava --
 * Ayutthaya --
 * Champa --
 * Dai Viet --
 * Kedah --
 * Khmer Empire -- RevenantAscension (talk)
 * Lan Xang --
 * Lanna --
 * Pegu --
 * Shan States (Vassal of Tibet) -- <span style="background:-webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, from(#B8860B), to(#DEB887)); border:4px ridge grey; -webkit-border-radius:0em 0em 0em 0em;">Flag_of_Tibet.svg <span style="text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px brown, 0 0 1em #000, 0 0 0.2em #0FF; color: white; font: 1.5em Cambria, serif; text-align: center; font-variant: small-caps;">Jbwncster   <span style="text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px brown, 0 0 1em #000, 0 0 0.2em #0FF; color: white; font: 1.0em Cambria, serif; text-align: center; font-variant: small-caps;">(Talk)  RustySilverGear.png
 * Sri Vijaya --
 * Sukhothai --
 * Taungoo --

Asian Islands

 * Aceh --
 * Aru --
 * Bima --
 * Bone --
 * Brunei --
 * Kutai --
 * Majapahit -- Mr YOLO (talk)
 * Makassar --
 * Minahasa --
 * Negara Dipa --
 * Pagaruyung --
 * Selebar --
 * Siak --
 * Sukadang --
 * Sunda --
 * Tidore --
 * Tondo --
 * Tulang Bawang --

North Africa

 * Banu Sulaym (Hungarian Vassal) -- [[Image:1.png|23px]] Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Gasfa --
 * Hafsid --
 * Mamluks --
 * Marinids --
 * Fez-- (Vassal of Castile)
 * Morocco -- (Vassal of Castile)
 * Zab --
 * Zayyanid --

West Africa

 * Borgu --
 * Ghana --
 * Ife --
 * Igala --
 * Jenne --
 * Kanem Empire --
 * Kwararafa --
 * Mema --
 * Mossi --
 * Nupe --
 * Oyo Empire -- Flag of the Hurian Federation.png Vivaporius: "I don't need a slogan"
 * Salum --
 * Siine --
 * Songhay --
 * Takur --
 * Tuareg --
 * Wolof --
 * Zafunu --

South Africa

 * Great Zimbabwe --

East Africa

 * Ethiopia -- Ratc3333 Here, Prepare for Combat (talk)
 * Ifat (Mamlukean Vassal) --
 * Interlacustrine States (fragmented) --
 * al-Sumal (Mamlukean Vassal) --
 * Swahili City States **
 * al-Swahili --
 * Comoros --
 * Dar es Salaam --
 * Kilwa --
 * Malindi (Swahili Vassal) --
 * Maputo --
 * Mozambique --
 * Mtwara --
 * Sofala --

TBN (Pacific)

 * Otago Maori --

TBN (North America)

 * Iroquois -- Tbguy1992; Talk; Blog
 * Cahokian Civilisation -- Hailstormer (talk)
 * Moundville Civilisation (Vassal of the Cahokian Civilisation) -- Hailstormer (talk)
 * Etowah Civilisation (Vassal of the Cahokian Civilisation) -- Hailstormer (talk)
 * Parkin Civilisation (Vassal of the Cahokian Civilisation) -- Hailstormer (talk)
 * Colorado Confederation: This is UglyTurtle, Signing off.
 * Navajo: This is UglyTurtle, Signing off.
 * Kim:This is UglyTurtle, Signing off.
 * Apache:This is UglyTurtle, Signing off.
 * Commanche This is UglyTurtle, Signing off.
 * PuebloThis is UglyTurtle, Signing off.
 * PimaThis is UglyTurtle, Signing off.
 * Lenni Lenape: TheQuackingDuckAssassinator (talk) 21:30, March 3, 2014 (UTC)

TBN (Central America)

 * Aztecs -- SwankyJ (talk)
 * Mayans --Spartian300 (talk)
 * Zapotecs -- CourageousLife (talk)

TBN (South America)

 * Aymaras (Fragmented) --
 * Chancay --
 * Chimor --
 * Chiribaya -- User:Jd2842
 * Cuzco -- What is this????Is this a signature??? (talk)
 * Ica-Nazca --
 * Sican --
 * Wanka --

Wall of Shame
This list is for users currently prohibited from participating in the game.
 * User: Arceus The God of Pokemon :- permanent ban for sockpuppetting on the first game.
 * User: Eldwolf : permanent ban for deleting the entire page of the first game and replacing it with profanities.
 * User: Twisty123456789 : permanent ban for sockpuppeting on the second game.

1430
'''With the nation of Burgau largely split between the influence of Austria and Bavaria, tensions increase between different supporters. The largely pro-Austrian government declares neutrality between both nations as an attempt to prevent war in its nation.'''


 * HA! "The Largely Pro-Austrian Government"? You're clearly using mod events to (EXTREMELY) favor your own country. Nova got into the same problems no less than two weeks ago for the EXACT same reason and he was impeached. Don't forget the many times you were impeached as well, and by the looks of it, being impeached again in the future. I'd seriously appreciate if a non-biased mod wrote up this mod event, because as it stands it is a complete abuse of modpowers. Cookiedamage (talk)


 * This moderator event heavily weakens me, and I only said it was leaning toward Austria since Austria technically finished first (note this is a difference of like 55% to 45%). They're probably going to be given to you soon enough anyway. - Mscoree


 * Regardless of whether it weakens you or not (which I do not foresee occurring) you still are favoring your own country with mod events (which I assumed was disallowed) and making heavily implausible situations, like "many citizens targeting Bavarians within the nation." Why on Earth would any citizen target Bavarians? -Cookie


 * Yeah Ms, I thought we would keep this down, since I agree with Cookie on the mod event front, and I thought we would wait to see what the other mods would say on the influence dispute. -MP


 * Well, I posted this event in the chat and no one had a problem with it, so I posted it. We can change it if you want. I was just trying to set the stage for some violent acts. - Mscoree
 * I think most people have the issue of this being violent acts almost solely toward Bavarians. It seems from the events that the government is Austrian and the people hate Bavarians ... not so much a split of influence. Further people wouldn't "target Bavarians" no more than they are likely to "target Austrians". There is also no reasoning behind any increase in violence, is Austria using its agents in the nation to attack Bavarians? if so then that's a reason but from what I can see there needs to be a plausible reason for violence. - Kunarian
 * Alright I will remove that. I was told to add that when I was talking with everyone, but I will remove it. - Mscoree

'''Philip III “the Good”, Duke of Burgundy, founds the Order of the Golden Fleece. '''

William Waynflete becomes vicar of Skendleby, Lincolnshire.

Švitrigaila succeeds his cousin as ruler of Lithuania.

Optical methods are first used in the creation of art.
 * Prussia: The Prussians officially annex the vassal state of Riga.
 * Masovia: The Kingdom of Masovia also continues recovering their economy, and continues building a new national army. The Masovians continue construction of their capital at Czersk.
 * Pomerania: The Pomeranians continue building their economy and continue building a new national army.
 * Brabant-Hainuat-Holland: The reformist movement continues to grow and Karl van Nassau is becoming increasingly influenced by his father, and mentors who are mostly sympathetic to the cause. While the Catholics in the General Estates are violent toward the growing Reformists, most of the Reformists are talking about peaceful co-existence. The fourth Dutch expedition to Africa begins and a trade relation with Oyo is requested and access to their ports to travel farther south. Exploration farther south is planned. Military and naval expansion continue with the arquebus being produced in much larger numbers now. Influencing over the rest of the Netherlands alliance continues. Engelburt finally begins moving to break the lowlands away from the HRE by slowly and subtly showing the growing instability within the HRE and how the German states are all power hungry, though the final plans are not publically known. Once more Engelburt requests that France agree to a formal engagement between the young Karl and a member of the Orleans family. He also proposes the purchase of Flanders to happen upon the wedding of the two should the King of France agree to the offer. In doing so, it will secure a strong alliance in Western Europe. The Dutch renaissance continues as trade and banking support a thriving culture of aritists and inventors along with craftmen from all of Europe.
 * ​B-H-H Diplomacy: Engelburt as State holder denounces the continued expansion of the German states stating that they are destroying the core of the Holy Roman Empire and the abuse of the Austria's authority as Emperor appalls the General Estates leading to them requesting a tighter alliance with their allies to prevent the German states or the emperor from looking towards the lowlands countries. Engelburt reaffirms the alliance with Hungary.
 * Oyo Diplomacy: An Oyo ship enters into one of the ports of Holland, and seeks trade with the Dutch people.
 * Hamburg-Brunswick-Lüneburg: The invasion of Saxe-Lauenburg ends with the border moved north by a marginal difference. William decides to focus on domestic issues, allowing more funding for the trading guilds, as well as education. He begins promoting the arts, and begins painting himself. Influence of Bruchhausen (Turn Five) and Lippe (Turn Four) continues. The navy begins expanding, inspired by the organization of the Dutch and Austrian navies. In Hamburg, an account is opened to save money for a southerly voyage, preferably partnered with holland or Venice.
 * Brittany Diplomacy: Brittany agrees on the virtues of a mutual economic treaty between our nations.
 * Kingdom of Naples: King Ladislaus I continues the reforms, and improves the economy and the military. Continues the construction and improvement of shipyards, and production of new boats to combat in the Mediterranean. Territorial defense continues being built based on border forts. The relation with the Byzantine Empire continue strong. The Naval Academy in Taranto continues the technological research with Venice. The King of Naples continues to give new impetus to the culture within the kingdom and its vassal states, in art, science, etc. The policy of rapprochement toward Sicily continue, and also our influence on the island for future vassalization.
 * Grand Duchy of Tuscany: Improves the economy and the military. The economic prosperity of the previous years is accented with commercial junction providing Naples and Genoa, and the city of Florence is the commercial nexus among all the Neapolitan states. The Grand Duke Friedrich I, helps promote economic prosperity, gives incentives to manufacturing output grow, and improve access roads to make the trade more fluid and profitable. The army is formed to the image of the Neapolitan, with gradual use of new firearms that become quite popular. The Grand Duke Frederick I became a great patron and the Tuscan nobles soon follow this particular policy. The artists, protected and maintained by the nobles and bourgeois rising, unleash their creativity.
 * Duchy of Genoa: Improves the economy and the military. The Duchy of Genoa continues trading from the Black Sea to the Straits of Gibraltar, using new models of ships with cargo holds of more spacious and allow greater profit. With the help of Neapolitan military fleet, try to force richest commercial rights in Tunisian ports. In Genoa the boom in production of luxury items continue. The pressure of the Genoese traders in Tunis is growing, and combined with the presence of Christian missionaries, who at the same time serve commercial spies; is accomplished the capture of a lot of exotic products that are not easy to get due to the conflicts and trade barriers in the Near East, and the axis between Tunis and Genoa is strengthened. The Genoese economy restarts his golden age
 * Duchy of Ferrara: Improves the economy and the military. The paper industry is forging ahead, and also the making of looms, making this duchy in one of the most productive in northern Italy. Duke Niccolo I continue the loyal service to Naples.
 * Duchy of Corsica: Improves the economy and the military. The exploitation of salt mines and silver continues. In the same way, the vine crops increase in extension and quality, and the manufacture of wine each year improves in quality and quantity, and is recognized as the best European wine. On the island of Corsica a boom of mercenaries continue. The Neapolitan army started recruiting many Corsicans, making them a legend in terms of ferocity and skill in the skirmishes and battles.
 * Marquisate of Modena: Improves the economy and the military. Niccolo is dedicated to art and culture, encouraging painters, sculptors and architects that embellish this little Marquisate, leading Italian opulence to a new level. Marquis Niccolo I continue the loyal service to Naples.
 * Principality of Zeta: Improves the economy and the military. Dairy cattle production increases, and in the same way the manufacture of better quality cheese, they continue to be exported to Italy, Hungary and Byzantium. The Prince Giovanni I continue the cultural boom. Vassalization of Berat continue.
 * Vatican City: Pope continue the campaign of evangelization in the lands of the Balkans. Missionaries continue to be sent to support the Order of St John, and a special group of these is working in North Africa, especially in Tunisia, where they try to recover the core of Christians. The Pope condemns all those who come to the false churches that are being created in Europe. The Pope in his speeches continues condemning the current lack of security of pilgrims traveling to the Holy Land, which the Christian nations have a priority to recover these places and they are missing to the will of God.
 * County of Provence: The reform of the administration continues, adapting the Neapolitan model which has had so much success. Improves economy through trade, and manufacturing cloth. The military camp is also improved, adding new equipment and Italian military ideas.
 * Duchy of Anjou: As in Provence, the Duchy transformation is performed. The economy and military improve.
 * Alencon: The economy and military improve.
 * Narbonne: The economy and military improve.
 * Vendome: The economy and military improve.
 * Muscovite Diplomacy: We ask for a trade agreement between our state and yours, as well as the rest of your realm.
 * Naples Dip: We accept.
 * Ming China mourns the loss of the Yongle Emperor. His grandson takes up the name Xuande, meaning "Proclaimation of Virtue". The capital remains in Nanjing though Beijing and Tianjin grow in importance. Relations with the Kyushu Psimyos improve as the new Ming Emperor sends gifts and offers greater trading opportunities. Unfortunately they attract more Japanese pirates that have been bolstered by the Shogun's policies. The Xuande Emperor, reluctant to war again so soon merely sends a warning to the Shogun. Relations with the Japanese Emperor improve with another official visit from a Ming Emperor planned soon. The General of the Northern Ming Army and the Hosokawa Clan's Daimyo marry their children. This leads to the unprecidented scenario of the Xuande Emperor's cousin taking up foreign lands. The Xuande Emperor begins to push for more Confucian ideology to be utilized in the courts. The practice of wen (knowledge) over wu (violence) is highly emphasized. Confucianists are sent to advise the Ming Vassals and the Nivikhs. Ming China increases the size of their military. Korea, Qara Del and the Haixi increase the size of their economies with all three developing trade monopolies in differing areas. Korea and the Haixi begin to export resources while Qara Del sends horse to bolster the Ming cavalry. Due to the low population density in the lands of the Haixi Jurchens, the Ming government sends many Han Chinese north to help work the mines and the administration of the vassal. In Taiwan, Tainan begins influencing the other states, a royal marriage with Taibei comes as a breakthrough but the natives on the west coast grow more hostile by the day. Relations with Vietnam improve and the Tran Dynasty employs several Ming princes as advisors and generals. Lao Xing is influenced by Ming China.
 * Sicily rejects Neapolitan efforts at vassalisation. Sicily improves its infrastructure by fortifying Malta and its coastal towns.
 * France: The military and navy are built up, the vassalage of Limoges and Armagnac begins, Continues establishing its own entity to deal with the religious crisis left by the schism. While this, Prince Louis turns ten and continues attending a renowned school in Paris learning about politics and theology, navy experience a huge boost due to trade with North Africa through St Marie d'Africa. The alliance with Austria is reviewed, but for now France states neutrality is their best policy.
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up. The same choice made by the French is taken by the Burgundians as they feel the same way to France. Burgundy is reluctant to do as Brabant-Hainaut-Holland desires and says it will consider it.
 * Flanders: Military and navy are built up, economy expands.
 * Blois: Military, economy expand.
 * Dunois: Military and economy expand.
 * Angouleme: Military and economy expand.
 * Parthenay: Military and economy expand.
 * Perigord: Military and economy expand.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy expand.
 * Orleans: Military and economy expand.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up.
 * Berry: Military and economy are built up.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Auvergne: Military and economy are built up.
 * Forez: Military and economy are built up.
 * Strassburg: Military and economy are built up: many continue to be convinced of the vassalization by Burgundians as being for the best but many doubt this causing some movements toward rebellion.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up.
 * Metz: Military and economy are built up: many continue to be convinced of the vassalization by Burgundians as being for the best but many doubt this causing some movements toward rebellion.
 * When we get 1430 map I'll unify most of my nations. Sine dei gloriem &#34;Ex Initio Terrae&#34; (talk)
 * Iroquois Confederation: As the population grows, small groups are sent out to the west and north to settle in new areas to prevent over hunting of traditional hunting grounds. Negotiations with the Algonquins lose importance with the apparent collapse of Cahokia, so the few diplomats that went return home. (Also, how do I announce my expansion? Just wondering.)
 * Portugal continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Leiname. Meanwhile, the colony in Santa Maria expands by 200 sq km.
 * County of Oldenburg: Crown Prince Frederick reaches his twelfth year, and a celebration is held in the comital castle. Coincidentally, it is also the twelfth year of vassalisation of Osnabruck, and for Count Dietrich, his son's party is as much about the ever-nearing prospect of running Osnabruck as it is about celebrating his son's years on earth. The OHG goes north this year, bringing back furs and walrus tusks from farthest North, as well as tar and ropes and other northern stuff from not-quite-so-North (i.e. the Baltic). Meanwhile, the small town of Hooksiel asks the Count to buy its freedom from ther Lord. After much consideration, the Count accepts, as he knows that some of the Lord's payment will be turned into taxes for him.
 * Mayan Empire: Maya city is improved, and the empire continues to expand slowly. As we continue to expand, slavery becomes a prime export. The Aztec empire is offered slave trade.
 * Which city?
 * Japan (Ashikaga Clan): We fix up our roads and add outposts in different areas just to watch out for more enemies trying to attack us. We build up our economy by fixing trade routes to the Usegi state. Around our capital city we continue to build a giant fort - walls and towers that go around the whole city. Since war is over for now, we go back to rebuilding our first college of Japan. The Shogun sends ambassadors to the other states of japn if they would like to unite with us to keep the Ming out of Japan. (Need mod to respond to see if other states join our nation.) We start to trade with the Usegi state using the roads we built to gey there.
 * The Nation of the Oirats: Cement increases in production. Coal is used to increase iron production and the cavalry starts to receive iron weapons. More firearm smiths are built in Oskemen. More beer is fermented and it becomes a popular drink for the nomads. As we increase in population, we slowly target our expansion northward. We expand 10 px to the North. We slowly beat Mongol Khanate with help from China and our population has reached 200,000. We begin to build a primitive waste system and school, learning from books coming from merchants in China.
 * Bengal Sultanate: The decrease in taxes on the landed elite does its job in most areas of the Sultanate, decreasing the tax load on the peasantry and earning him their support. The tax cuts on the merchant class allow for more trade to be conducted, and a recent lax on some of the quota laws allows for more goods to be shipped from Bengal, greatly increasing trade income. Influence grows on Ahom and Koch, as we provide much of their food, and many of their other goods since they trade exclusively with us. The money gained from the trade continues to arm the various levies of the Sultanate, the landed elite, Orissa, and Arakan. Trade with the states of Ava, Koch, Garjat, and Ahom continues, with influence being placed through trade on Ava and Garjat. Cash crops continue to be grown in large amounts. The vassalization process continues on Aoch and Kohm (Year Sixteen). With our merchants traveling to Ava, Koch, Ahom and Arakan regularly, Islam begins to gain a foothold in their nations. Several important trade roads begin to see much-needed maintenance. The merchants that continually travel between Kohm, Aoch and Ava continue to allow for some of the populations of those nations to continue to convert to Islam. Due to trade with China and other Middle Eastern nations, cannon and hand cannon designs become more common, leading some of the richest landed elite to continue to outfit their levies with cannons and hand cannons. Due to Bengal having control over lands of multiple ethnicities and religions, literary works in the form of poems and epics begin to take influence from all three religions of the Sultanate.
 * Kingdom of Arakan: Due to their trade being controlled mainly by Bengal for many years, their vassalization by Bengal has allowed them to open up their ports to other nations, and serve as resting point for many Bengali traders. Due to the influx of Islamic merchants into Arakan, the entire population in Arakan begin to see many more conversions of their residents to Islam. Raja (King) Anuj Chandra Charmchi passes away from a combination of old age and a fever after being bedridden for several weeks. The son of the Bengali Sultan, Zulfiqar Padma Shah is given control of the Kingdom. Since he is only ten years old, however, the country is technically run by a series of advisors, who are mainly Islamic, but some Buddhists also serve as advisors.
 * Emirate of Andamana: Mansoor Basil Amirmoez continues to reclaim land on the island to make room for farms, and to have timber for building both boats and houses. The Emirate expands another 500 km into the island. The ships built by the timber from the island help contribute to Bengali trade.
 * Rajya of Orissa: Unlike the other vassals of the Bengali Sultanate, Bhandudeva IV is kept farther away from the daily politics of controlling Orissa, relying mainly on Islamic advisors sent directly by the Bengal Sultan. The advisors quickly persuade Bhandudeva IV to allow the Muslims settlers in the northern part of the Rajya to hold land south of the previously agreed living space. The Sultan of Bengal forcibly lowers the price of owning property in Orissa for Muslims, outraging some of the Hindu population.
 * Bengali Diplomacy ( Needs mod response, please and thank you ): We offer the newest ruler of Ava a gift of fine cotton, sugarcanes and silver, as well as another Islamic advisor to help with dealing with the larger Muslim population of Ava. 
 * Venetian Republic:
 * In Veneto: The Venetian Revival continues the Arsenal of Cioxa (called it Choggia last turn) continues construction. Meanwhile, another 300 ships are produced in Venice. The current number of Venetian vessels being 2100. However, production will have to stop after next year as the salve shortage will kick in. Prince Edmund arrives in Venice and is cordially greeted by the Doge who invites him to his palace before he views the city, they share a feast and give the Prince the gift of several books, copies of various works by Venetian masters in the art of governance, trade and economics. After the feast the Prince takes his leave. The Doge offers to partner with Hamburg-Brunswick-Lüneburg in its southernly voyage. The diplomatic envoys arrive in Constantinople and set up in a building an embassy to work from. Mil-turn
 * In Porto Tolle: The small port trades heavily with Milan and Naples via land, acting as the main route of trade from Venice to Naples.
 * In Istra: The peoples of Istra work closely with the Hungarians and offer them a trade agreement that would grant the Hungarians favourable status in the region and allow Istran goods to penetrate Hungarian markets. Various goods leave the nation for Hungary and Venice, such as lime, cement, bricks and stone as well as these wine unique to the region known as Terrano wine is sold almost exclusively in Hungary and Venice.
 * In Ragusa: The tribute requested from Ragusa is lowered and Christofo executes a propaganda campaign to blame the aristocratic faction for the back breaking tributes requested of them before. The people of Ragusa welcome the lowering of tribute but many elders still cling to a dislike of the Venetians. The Ragusan government sends a letter of concern for the now surrounding Neapolitan territories and the Doge harkens the message.
 * In the Epirote Free Ports: The free ports, seeing that the Epirote Republic is constructing its own port see that they need to diversify their economy. They begin to make attempts to attract artisans to the city hoping to begin manufacturing products that are not made in the Epirote mainland. Salted fish, feta cheese, wool and goat meat are traded widely and particularly this year in Constantinople, Cyprus and Kaffa.
 * In the Peloponnese: Olive oil and wine are exported this year, mainly along land routes to Byzantine Greece.
 * In Attica: Work continues on Marathon and the matter of population is left to the local lords with the Venetian masters considering 6000 enough to support a basic port.
 * Epirote Republic: The town of Filiates is chosen as the place where a port shall be placed, due to its slight distance from the coast the port will be built and a connecting high quality road to the town shall be made, the road will then be extended to the capital of Ioannina. Construction of the port is underway and it is hoped it will be finished in five years time. Eco-turn
 * Venetian Empire:
 * Candia: The Candian fleet grows to 30 ships, it is decided that this cap will be fine for protecting Candia's local seas from piracy and so the focus is changed to building up the capital. Seeing how Kaffa is attracting settlers, the nobles who still hold lands but where rebellious are arrested and stripped of their lands and wealth. A similar offer is spread throughout the Mediterranean, concerning offers of small amounts of land and money for a family coming to settle. Trade through Candia grows and Candian wines, olives and oil, pungent cheeses and candied citron peels are traded with the Ottomans, Romans and now with Naples. Eco-turn
 * Corfu: The work on the Corfiot forts continues at the same pace. The Nobles personally request that Corfu be granted special status within the Empire, and several stay in Venice to continue negotiations on the matter with the Doge. Mil-turn
 * Kaffa: Migration to Kaffa continues this year, with more and more people coming, boosting the population. Wines, crops and iron from Kaffa are traded to the Jochid Ulus, Byzantines (specifically the Byzantines in Crimea but the rest as well), Wallachians, Georgians and Ottomans, in order of trade volume. The Kaffa salt trade continues to make the region prosper and most of the salt trade ends up in Venice but also Constantinople. Hoping to establish the beginnings of Crimean co-operation, Victor Borozzi offers the Despotate of Theodoro and the Byzantines by extension to sign a treaty whereby the Venetian and Byzantine Crimean salt that is produced must only be traded via Venice or Constantinople, this deal would bring immense wealth to the two cities and would guarantee prosperity for the region. Eco-turn
 * Naxos: Naxos demands a tribute of one-tenth from its vassals for the year, to be paid in coin or resources before the end of next year. Fruits and cattle are sold in Greece, Cyprus, the Ottoman coast and Constantinople as Naxian trade volume begins to peak. More people come to work for the hospitalar and soon they begin forming their own complex interconnected alliances to assist each other in internal politics much to the Duke's displeasure. Despite his best efforts, the Doge has sent letters to various groups promising them influence in the coming reforms, causing much of the Dukes work to be to no avail. Naxian merchants continue to work closely with their counterparts in Constantinople. Eco-turn
 * Aegina: Aeginean figs and grain head toward Athens and Kaffa this year, hoping to make a large profit due to the increased demand due to a great population increase. Eco-turn
 * Athens: As Bavarian traders begin to become more common in Athens, the Venetian Potensa offers Bavaria a trade deal that would allow Athenian goods and traders to penentrate the Bavarian markets and would give Bavaria highly favourable rights and subsidies in Athens. Athens continues growing, and is well on its way to becoming a major trade power in the Mediterranean. Kaffa Salt continues to add to the wealth of the city as they become the second stop for ships laden with it from the black sea. Eco-turn
 * Negroponte: Mining continues at good production levels, and the wealth begins to show as the Gastàldo begins to manage the finances carefully so that Negroponte in particular benefits, the city experiences a boom with artisans gathering there to work along with masters and traders to benefit from the investment into the capital. Negropontean lignite, iron, nickel and marble are traded with Venice almost exclusively. However, some Roman traders are given special dispensation to trade for some. Eco-turn
 * Novgorod: We continue the production of Koch boats, cannons, hand cannons, advanced crossbows, swords, and composite bows, increasing our military capabilities in case of war. The nation’s training and advancement of military continues. We are producing our new crossbow, and we send the first 50 crossbows to Mecklenburg to test out and the other 250 to test in our nation. We expand north (by 14 pixels) into undiscovered land. The recent classes of Koch ships are being manufactured in Novgorod. The town of St Patriksburg’s population grows a bit more that last year. As the construction of the town improves, the Kremlin finishes, trade becoming more in demand, the town gains slightly. Because of the trade road built with Tver our economy increases. We are still talking about the possible unification of the Rus’ with Muscovy. The Russian language is spreading throughout the nation. After seeing a great success with the private schools in the City of Novgorod, St Patriksburg, Staraya Russa, and Nizhny Novgorod. We start building another private school in Rostov and Yaroslavl. We complete building private schools in Torzhok and a private school in Staraya Ladoga. In the year 1445, we will annex Rostov and Yaroslavl in to Novgorod. We continue vassalizing Tver, and we are looking to have them fully vassalized by 1431.
 * Yaroslavl: We complete the construction of the private school in Yaroslavl and we start the new one. We upgrade our military after being a vassal of Novgorod. We upgrade our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod.
 * Rostov: We completed the construction of the private school in Rostov and start the new one. We upgrade our military after being a vassal of Novgorod. We upgrade our economy because of the trade established between Tver,Yaroslavl, Muscovy and Novgorod.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire continues its internal reforms based on Western European ideas. With the military reforms completed, reforms are now bascially only stylized and not worth much value, but there are some important ones. Education at the Univeristy of Constantinople resumes, and the center is on track to becoming once again the highest point of education in Eastern Europe. Scientists at work there begin trying to create siphons for Greek Fire, but with only basic pictures and descriptions to go from they largely must make entirely new designs, something that will take years to do. Constantinople continues to rise because of the salt trade, and the population of the city has risen to 150,000, a number not seen since the Fourth Crusade. To cope with this new population, more quarantine procedures are created, in order to keep the sick and the possessed away from the rest of the general population until they are either healed or excorcised. The city's infrastructure is also reworked to cope with the larger population. To commemorate the new era of the city, the Roman Emperor John VIII asks the Venetians for the return of the Hippodrome horses that were taken from the city during the Fourth Crusade. If the Venetians so want, the Emperor is willing to pay for replacements and the travel costs for both the originals and the replacements. In the Crimea, Stephen still rules as Despot, and he makes sure that the salt trade continues to profit the Empire there as well. The Crimean gothic population continues to rise, and is the largest ethnic group there, followed by the Greeks. These people, as well as the region itself, are becoming knwon as Tauricans, after the region.
 * Venetian Diplomacy: The Venetians consent to the return of the horses as long as appropriate replicas to act as replacements are given in exchange.
 * Grand Duchy of Moscow (and the rest of the realm): In the Moscow Kremlin, a monk from the Chudov Monastery known as Isidore created a new alcoholic beverage now known as “vodka” among the people of the Rus’ by distilling starch products such as potatoes, grains, molasses, rice, and beets. The result of this creates a colourless but strong smelling and tasting product of ~40% alcohol content. Due to the simple and inexpensive procedure of producing this drink, it is popular among the poor of the East Slavic people, sometimes regarded as “burning wine” for its strong aftertaste. With an exclusive recipe belonging to the Kremlin, production of this new beverage has been stated as a priority with statesmen delivering it to taverns for profits from sales. Exportation of vodka has also raked in profit, as it is impossible to find in the far-west. The population of the Grand Duchy continues to grow, as trade with the far-west flourishes the nation with profit. The city of Moscow continues to grow, with more industrial structures and homes being erected. Larger variants of shitiks and koch vessels up to 50–80 feet are used for the Muscovite Navy, with up to six to ten hand cannons on the sides, two on the front, as well as a forward mounted ballista. We ask the nation of Prussia for the plans of Cog boats. Military development continues.
 * Kingdom of Georgia: Infrastructure expands. (Apologies - will be busy until Wednesday evening, so no detailed descriptions until then.)
 * Kingdom of Armenia: Infrastructure expands.
 * Principality of Gordyene: Economy expands. 39K Christians/92K Gordians.
 * Principality of Adiabene: Military expands. 50K Christians/120K Adiabenites.
 * Principality of Ardalan: Economy expands; 12 turns until Ardalan is returned to Mesopotamia.
 * Timurid Empire: We annex both the Kingdom of Iran and Venad after a lengthy while of them being our vassals. We continue the Islamization of our vassals. We continue influencing the Chagatai Khanate (Year Two out of 17). We begin influencing Jaunpur (Year One out of Three) Due to the indo-persian culture spreading, we prepare to move our capital to Kandahar. Draka's Twin palace (each part named after one of Draka's sons) is being built in Kandahar. We work on the development of roads from Kandahar toward India.
 * Bahamani Sultanate : We work on our economy and infrastructure, the Islamization continues in our lands.
 * Kingdom of Gilan: We work on our economy and infrastructure, the Islamization continues in our lands.
 * Kingdom of Khursan: We work on our economy and infrastructure, the Islamization continues in our lands.
 * Ak Koyunlu: We work on our economy and infrastructure, the Islamization continues in our lands.
 * Kingdom of Cuzco: We slow our expansion, foucusing on the economy and infrastrucutre of the City and the conquered areas. Having taking a total of 800 km from the Aymras. We offer an alliance with the Ica-Naza. (Mod response needed)
 * Castile:  The Castilian economy continues a larger process of pulling in more money through trade. The Castilians begin to send missionaries into Morocco in hopes to convert populations. The infrastructure of Castile is also expanded more. Castile, in order to facilitate more conversions to Christianity, imposes higher taxes on non-Christians in the areas it controls personally or by proxy through its vassals. Castile has successfully mapped large parts of the African coast south of Morocco and down as far as their settlements in Capo Verde. The developing class in Castile of skilled artisans, merchants, blacksmiths and the like has led to a large increase in productivity of the country with even a few researchers managing to work on new designs - including a more efficient hand cannon which gets its own dedicated corps in the developing Royal army of Castile. The Castilian noblity begins to adapt toward a newer system to revamp or work on their power as they move toward becoming advisors to the king and less involved in their feudal estates which while growing have developed Guilds to facilitate payments for the efforts of the men working, The expert worksmanship of many of these men has seen notable increase in productivity for each feudal state with most lords not complaining. John, now with full support from his people, his father and the noblemen, begins the process of transferring power from King Henry to Prince John. The Royal children are put into royal education and their new sister born recently being named Maria. The Kingdom's cities begin to be improved with somewhat better sanitation and the King hires architects to plan out a sewer system, as well as a true plan for multiple major cities. Castile begins a major process of researching the arquebus acquired and develops its own version which is used to replace the hand cannons which is finally finished. The Castilian navy, using the Canaries as a base, continually explore the area and discover a new island chain, the closest island is able to be settled and a small settlement springs up on the islands and is built up and styled as a resupply base. (1000 sq km). The population of Castile officially reaches about 8.5 million and continuing to grow rapidly thanks to a sharp increase in agricultural production. The construction of a new kind of warship with cannons is completed - a heavy warship much more powerful than most other ships of the time.
 * Granada: The Christianization of Granada continues in earnest with a more sizeable converted population working its way through the country. The Emir, however, remains secretly Christian and begins hiring a few Castilian advisors who are wholly more competent than many of the Granadan advisors. The country also begins to see some issues with its settlement in Morocco with many of them being Christian Castilians or converts. The Granadans continue to show more Christianization processes occurring with a viable expanding population of Christians living in the border towns and churches springing up in various areas across the country. The country begins to show promising signs of real economic advancement. The population of true Castilians in the country begins to increase to rival the native Granadans as many of the Muslims have left the area due to the unfavorable atmosphere of the country. The Nation of Granada has now Christianized somewhat considerably with a real large minority of Christians existing within the country's borders. The Emir, however, managed to maintain a favorable position with both denominations and hold the country together effectively through careful management.
 * Kingdom of the Canaries: Now granted a semi-autonomous status from Castile the Canaries begin to work up their economy to a certain degree greatly utilizing the traders from Portugal as well as the new route to Oyo, and the trade from the Mediterranean. The Canaries are able to build upon the multiple viable settlements and a moderately sized and growing population. The Canaries, finally completely covering the islands, begins to send moderately sized fleets that are resupplied from the islands and from Castile to continually explore the area. The Canaries help supply settlers and fleets moving to Capo Verde.
 * Kingdom of Cyprus: Cyprus is taken over by Castile as per the Knights Hospitaller's wishes with the 10,000 Castilian troops of the Royal army and around 3000 Cyprisian troops being raised in defence of the new kingdom. The King previously declared in Larnaca is declared over all of Cyprus and with the expansion to secure all the Island he begins to rebuild the shattered kingdom with funding from the Hospitaller and mostly Castile. The Kingdom specifically works on the training of a new professional army as well as economic improvement with the assistance of Castile. The branch of the Knights Hospitaller in Cyprus reset up by the branch from Rhodes develop into part of the island kingdoms defence forces with their connections to a branch in Castile helping boost a trade flow to the island. The Knights also allow the migration of any willing knights from Rhodes to Cyprus to keep the kingdom and its new force stable and alive as a professional organization.
 * Munster: King Eamon continues to build up respect as a good ruler amongst his vassals and other Irish lords. Many breeds of cattle have been bred in the past few years, and we begin to trade with neighboring nations. Trade continues to the Icelandic settlement, and some ships are brave enough to sail and trade in that region. King Eamon is searching for a bride, and asks any European nation to propose a princess. Western Catholicism grows within the nation, and the road in southern Mayo reaches the coast, and begin to spread north, with clans settling along it. Our influence continues to spread, and many clans convert to Western Catholicism. At this moment in time, the southern third of Mayo is vassalized by Munster. The Confederation of Eire is formed under Albion, and it is popular amongst coastal clans in Mayo looking for money from trade. However, we open it to all Irish nations and clans to join into it. (This will be similar to a closely-bound alliance ingame). Inspired by the Roman Varangian Guard, the King forms the Slavacha Guard for Western Slavs to become members of his elite personal army, as some of the tribal-level Slavs are similar to Celtic clans, and heavily warlike but they harbor no grudges against the King, so we begin to send ships to the Eastern Baltic, and offer Slavs the ability to join the guard in exchange for gold and glory.
 * Principality of Brittany: The economy booms as trade deals with the surrounding nations brings in great profits to the nation. Rohan continues to develop the military. The capital city of Renne continues to be renovated, as more infrastructure is laid down. Running water becomes available in the Palace and begins to expand outward.
 * Lenni Lenape: We ask to trade with the Iroquoi. We begin to also trade with tribes to the south. A large village is set to be constructed. Military begins buildup. The great chief has his firstborne.
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Landshut expands its military. Heinrich XVI begins petitioning the lords of Bamberg, Oettingen, and Burggrafschaft for tribute and manpower, being able to successfully vassalize Oettingen. In other news, the population continues to rise. Heinrich and his council continue to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with thirty large carracks being finished, and by 1430 a trade route is put in place. Such important places in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany. The planned market center in Landshut continues to be developed, with completion expected in ten years. Heinrich XVI allocates power to his councillors in figuring out a new church or any new Western church to join. In dynastic news, Heinrich XVI observes how most of the Pfalz nobility supports an independent, non-Bavarian state. However, the Grand Duke begins establishing relations with the few noblemen who do support him. In religious news, Heinrich opens up the country to the Hollander reformists and preachers, noting that the Reformation from the west is a good answer to the current schism and would be a suitable replacement. Subsequently, a small group of dedicated Reformists arise in Munchen. By 1430, they become a prominent group within the city. Many Catholics are disturbed. In other news, Heinrich XVI continues to press Bavaria's claim on Burgau and deploys several hundred troops to the area.
 * ​Munchen: The main campus of Queen Isabell University is completed, and the beginning courses include French, Latin, English, and Greek as well as theology, clergy training and mathematics being taught. By 1430, the total class amounts to about 1210 people. Troops authorized by Heinrich XVI continue training. Several markets are constructed in Munchen as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Heinrich XVI continue training. Several markets are constructed in Straubing as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Heinrich XVI continue training. Several markets are constructed in Ingolstadt as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Heinrich XVI continue training. Several markets are constructed in Ingolstadt as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Heinrich XVI continue training. Several markets are constructed in Ingolstadt as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Heinrich XVI continue training. Several markets are constructed in Ingolstadt as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Oettingen: Troops authorized by Heinrich XVI continue training. Several markets are constructed in Ingolstadt as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Venetian Diplomacy: Cautious against the conflict in the HRE, Venice offers to reinforce their alliance with the Bavarians, encouraging Bavaria to also accept the Athenian trade offer. Venice hires a small mercenary force of 1000 men to support the Bavarian claim to Burgau.
 * Trier: We upgrade our military and economy. We influence the states around us. We continue the war against Saxony and deploy our troops to be used by the emperor.
 * Hungary, Croatia and all the vassals of Hungary see a greater number of military fortifications made. Hungary continues to grow economically, increasing trading with each other. Hungary also keeps its armies trained and well-drilled. Bosnia is expanded 10,000 km by the army who are looking to establish control as so their borders are not affected in the future.
 * The Jochid Ulus continue to develop and grow. In the far north, the Yamal territories expand in the northwestern edge of the nation by approximately 5000 sq km, creating many villagers for Nenets to settle and expand in. The first Nenets towns begin to increasingly grow, as settled-down animal husbandry continues to work for them. This causes extreme expansion in the economy of the Yamal, as it joins the period of economic boom and improvement that has characterised the Ulus in the last few years. This boom continues throughout the Ulus, as the Ruthenian territories produce large amounts of agricultural produce, as do the Volga and Kama river valleys and Kazakhstan. The growth of the lumber and metals industry in the Urals begins. The cultural growth of the nation also continues, as the Mastorava is expanded upon and begins to be preached in the streets of Obran-Osh and Bolghar. This Mastorava begins to establish a somewhat syncretic Pagan faith, but a deeply established one; there's several theologic ideas (including their own version of monotheism, which would lead to the belief of polyprosopy, or "one God, many faces") and a few basic developing mythos that are reached by consensus between several tribes and burghers across the Volga. More Ulus collapse to feudal government, leaving nomadic tribes only in Kazakhstan and eastern Siberia. This drastically changes the composition of the kurultay as it meets to discuss the Khan, given that it's been a long time and the Ulus still has no official Khan. However, the world is shocked as young Temür-Hachiun, aged fifteen, presents his claim to the throne. The Kurultay is deeply divided; almost unanimously, the Ulus oppose his choice, while burghers and nobles support it. The vote barely passes through, but eventually he is elected, given that the other two choices are having Ïdegay Jochid turn 16 in almost ten more years or choose a foreign khan. At the end of the meeting, a coronation is scheduled for next year, and all nobles of the nation are invited to come. However, sad news hit the palace later that same year; Ïdegay Manghud died peacefully in his sleep at the age of 68, not to see his grandson take the throne. More hand gonnes are given to high-ranking soldiers in infantry armies. Temür Hachiun sends delegates to the Russian states, hoping to improve relations.
 * The Principality of Great Perm continues to develop its military and economy. The Permic economy grows as Kolvakvar also does. Komi merchants begin crossing into Novgorod and the Golden Horde, trading with both nations. They also secretly smuggle Komi education into Novgorodian schools near the border.
 * the Principality of Adyghea grows by 2500 sq km throughout Circassia. Adyghe, Kabardian, Ubykh and Abkhaz chieftains all swear loyalty to the Ayghe royal family. Maykop continues to grow quickly, causing the economy to also grow. Fortresses in the Caucasus begin to be built, and some formerly tribal Adyghe begin to move to these plazas, causing new cities to form. The Duchy begins to develop its army, given secret support by the Golden Horde as the Georgians have admitted hostility toward Adyghea.
 * Milan: Work continues on the Certosa di Pavia, the Castle Visconteo, and on the extensive Milan Cathedral. We continue training a proper standing army, utilizing Swiss mercenaries and local recruits. With border disputes now settled between the nations of Austria and Switzerland, we continue opening friendly relations with both nations in hopes of repairing our diplomatic relations and protecting our northern border. We continue constructing cogs and galleys to strengthen our navy and protect our interests on the seas. We upgrade economy and military, as do our vassals. We ask for an alliance with the nation of Naples to ensure the safety and tranquility of Italy from foreign invasion.
 * Aztec Empire: The construction of Technoctilian is continued. The Aztec military is expanded as well as the construction of roads throughout the empire which will decrease time to trade and send messages, and increase the economy. The friendship between the Aztecs and the Zapotec strengthens.
 * Aztec diplomacy: Requests permission to send military forces through the northern lands of Zapotec so that the Aztec military may expand and conquer new lands up north. Sends eagle scouts to the south, finding little results, but stumbling upon a very angry jaguar, which killed one unlucky scout. Increased trade rights are requested from the Zapotec.
 * Colorado Confederation *
 * Navajo-Kim-Pueblo: With the trade route being established between us there is a boom of wealth, knowledge, and infrastructure. Never before were we so connected. Totems are set up everywhere and everyone rejoices this great day, the day where progress has been made. New towns have been founded because of this connection and many say we have completed full centralization )mods please confirm this.) As a result of this money we found various academies throughout and many are by the Colorado River and thus explorers are sent in order to seek new knowledge of the Great River.
 * Apache: The Civil War ends with over 10,000 people dying and the city of Order being burned to the ground. The remaining leaders start a new government and rebuild the city of Order and name it Hope. With some money coming in from the Navajo-Kim-Pueblo trade route we centralize and build up our infrastructure.
 * Pima: Centralization continues and the money does trickle down and we are able to pay off the military. We now turn towards infrastructure build up.
 * Apache City States: We are now officially established and we get money by trading amongst ourselves. Centralization and infrastructure begin.
 * Commanche: Raiding under the confederate government stops with the Apache Civil War now over and it is decided that the raiding money will be equally distributed but the capital can have its own independent trade system with the Apache city-states. With this newfound money we centralize and build up our infrastructure.
 * Austria: We train and expand our military using new experience from recent wars, and grow our nation economically. We also begin developing hand cannons as a future weapon in warfare after seeing its implementation on a small scale. We continue influencing our vassal states of Salzburg, Gorizia, Augsburg, Burgau, Patria del Friuli, Chur, Württemberg, the Electorate of the Palatinate, and Oettingen. We begin influencing the states of Ulm, Cilli and Burggrafshaft. We continue to improve relations with our Italian neighbors to the south. We increase trade with the Grand Duchy of Bavaria. The formation and organization of the newly founded kaiserliche und königliche Kriegsmarine continues, proving to be a successful investment. We continue assimilating the population of Aquileia, which has become dependent on Austrian trade and support for its defense and prosperity. We continue to grow closer through trade. We begin to extend friendly relations to France in the hopes of securing the western border of the empire and to prevent further conflict in the region. On the issue of violence in Burgau, Albert offers the Bavarians a deal in which he will relinquish all claims to the region in exchange for Bavaria recognizing the influence of Austria in Oettingen.
 * Salzburg: The Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg orders the training of levies to be used in war. An army is sent to aid Austria and the Holy Roman Empire in the war against Saxony. We ask for a trade agreement with Bavaria.
 * Gorizia: Military is trained and sent to combat the nation of Saxony. The nation’s fields are expanded to allow for greater agricultural yields. Trade begins with nearby nations, including Venice and Milan.
 * Augsburg: The Mixed Imperial City of Augsburg commissions the creation of a new flag to represent its city. Industry is encouraged, producing large quantities of woven goods, cloth and textiles. The city of Augsburg is established as a major city of the Holy Roman Empire through the creation of several banking and financial institutions. We grow economically through trade routes with Austria, Bavaria, and other German states. The city’s leaders support Burgau’s conflict against Bavarian claims, although state that they will support whatever decision the emperor comes to. Military is expanded and a small detachment is sent to fight against Saxony.
 * Burgau: The government in Burgau stresses that it wishes to remain neutral, and condemns acts of violence against Bavaria or Austria. We are not surprised that the Bavarians would once again aggressively attempt to take our nation, and will do what we can to resist. We ask our allies to support us. A small detachment is sent to aid against Saxony, hoping that it will help our own cause.
 * Aquila: Ties grow between Austria through trade and the use of our ports. We begin constructing a shipyard to further facilitate trade and shipbuilding. Troops are sent to aid Austria.
 * Chur: Military and economy are expanded.
 * Württemberg: Military and economy are expanded. Our government vows to support the nation of Burgau against any hostile invasion.
 * Palatinate: Military and economy are expanded.
 * Oettingen: Military and economy are expanded.
 * Bohemia: Military and economy are expanded. We send an army to fight at the disposal of our king, Albert II of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor, to enforce our political hegemony in Saxony. We consider the consolidation of our vassals into a unified nation. This idea is debated, although it is generally agreed upon that it would be wise to wait until after the conclusion of any wars in Germany to ensure political stability. For the time being, however, the militaries of these vassals are consolidated into the Army of Silesia for easier organization.
 * Silesia: All nations of Silesia expanded military and economy. The newly organized army is sent to fight against Saxony.
 * Moravia: Having recently acquired the title of Margrave of Moravia, Albert II tightens his grip over the regions of Brandenburg and Luxembourg. Moravia expands military and economy, and sends an army to Saxony to fight for the empire.
 * Brandenburg: Military and economy are expanded. An army is sent to fight in Saxony.
 * Luxembourg: Military and economy are expanded. An army is sent to fight in Saxony.
 * Mainz: We develop military and economy. We begin influencing Hohenlohe. We send an army to Saxony.
 * The Mamluk Sultanate continues to experience a successful recovery. Farming in the Nile Valley, as well as in other regions of the Sultanate pick up as crop rotation becomes even more widely accepted. Sultan al-Mansur Mostafa Hazem continues the growth of the navy's set of caravels and frigates, and the new trading corporations begin to continue with the wave of discoveries. The Swahili Trade and Exploration Company (STEC) decides to plan for another trip, hoping to reach the western shore of Africa. Meanwhile, the Indian Association of Free Arab Traders and Merchants (IAFATM) also plans for a return to Aceh, with negotiators and politicians also on board. Saadiq Assaf continues to expand upon his ideas about Islam. All Burji states grow military due to reconstruction.
 * ​al-Sumal expands 10,000 sq km as Mogadishu continues to gain large market shares of slaves, ivory and gold. al-Swahili begin to finalize the influence of Malindi while more and more ethnic Arabs move to the eastern coast of Africa, due to the prosperous trade taking place in that region. STEC continues to play a huge role in the region. The conversion of natives of Madagascar continues, based out of Sanafah from which the efforts are based. Tribal leaders from the south of the island begin to visit Sanafah to learn Arabic in order to organize their own states.
 * Cicilia continues construction of a large navy in order to assist with the Sultan's plans to control Eastern Mediterranean trade. Nubia's preparations for unification continue; among the preparations include more cultural mixing. Mecca, Oman and Yemen all expand 10,000 sq km. The Amir of Jiddah opens a civil war against the Meccan Caliph. Ifat and Socotra both grow 10,000 sq km. In order to grow further in the Horn of Africa. Ifat and Socotra continue with their war, and it spill over into Oman and Yemen. Yemen has decided to back Socotra, and Oman backs Ifat. With the huge war raging, the Sultan begins to plan how the best way to reduce tensions would be.
 * Mesopotamia also continues to recover from its invasion. Mesopotamia, which was hit much harder than the Sultanate proper, has more physical reconstruction to complete, leading to repairs in the city of Mosul, which is matched by progress made in Baghdad, to make sure the capital does not fall behind. Basra is prepared for integration in the near future.
 * Tibet: Continues the vassalization of the Shan States.
 * Nepal: Military expands.
 * Oyo Empire: Oyo expands by 10,000 km along the coastline of West Africa. Orthodoxy continues to spread throughout the nation, and the economy and infrastructure continue to grow.
 * Benin: Benin expands its southeastern border by 10,000 km along the coastline of the Bright of Biafra, and also expands its military, economy and infrastructure under Oyo leadership. Additionally, literacy continues to grow slowly as well as the acceptance of Orthodox Christianity.
 * Ife: Ife expands its military, economy and infrastructure under the Oyo Empire.
 * Oyo can't go Orthodox yet. No outside forces have sent any religion/religious anything.
 * And here lies the issue. No one reads anything. A ship from Arabia (from another player) docked in Lagos several turns ago, and on board were some Eastern Orthodox priests who were booted off the ship in dock for proselytizing. They continued their preaching work in Lagos, but were summoned by the then-Alaafin Oranyan, who wanted to hear their beliefs. He got baptized as did his son, and many of the nobles followed in his footsteps (kinda like how it when down in OTL Ethiopia). The faith has been spreading throughout Oyo ever since. So I can go Orthodox. ~Viva
 * The United Principalities of Wallchia and Moldavia: Prince Michael continues to promote trade, and many salt ships journey to Constantinople and beyond. Iron is exported en mass with several more foundries opening along the Danube. The Constanta sewer is finished, and the population continues to grow. The prince plans a census for 1435 to shed light on the matter. (Sorry this is late, my internet was down for a few hours today)
 * UNC: The UNC expands its military this year as the infrastructure is built up after the war. The road to Hamburg is accepted; work begins immediately.

1431
The University of Poitiers is founded.

Nezahualcoyotl is crowned Tlatoani of the Kingdom of Texcoco.

'''In Rome, Pope Victor IV dies, having successfully being recognized as Pope over the Roman claimants, but having to deal with another unrelated claimant in Canterbury. In the subsequent election, the Portuguese cardinal Pedro da Fonseca is elected, adopting the Papal name of Marinus III. Marinus, in one of his first actions, confirms the status of Urban VI, Boniface IX, Innocent VII, John XXIII and Alexander V as Anti-popes.'''

Pisa and Siena, ignoring the rule of Naples declare war on each other after a merchant dispute flares up.
 * Aztec Empire: The Aztecs continue to expand their military and their economy. The construction of Technoctilian is almost half way done, with most of the easy parts out of the way. The Emperor issues for a grand wonder to be built, hoping to make a great name for himself, and give something to the Aztec people to be excited and proud of.
 * Aztec diplomacy: The Aztecs continue to ask the Zapotec Alliance, if they may pass military troops through the north of their lands to conquer and settle/expand into the territory (southern Texas/northern Mexico).
 * The Zapotec Alliance assures the Aztecs that as soon as a path is cleared, they can travel it to the north.
 * Prussia: The Prussians officially begin the process of vassalizing Courland. The Prussians also begin the process of absorbing the Rigan military into their own. The Prussians agree to share the cog plans with Muscovy. The Prussian government begins the process of converting the population to the new Western Church. The Prussians adapt local Pagan symbols into the new Church as a way to solidify their position with pagan converts. Missionaries are sent to the "secret" Samogitan pagan communities to convert them to the new faith. The first official Western Cathedral is opened in the city of Medininkai, which is the centre of the efforts to convert the Samogitan pagans to the Western Church. The new Western Archbishop of Riga makes his own statements condemning Marinus III's defense of the avaricious practices of the false church in Rome. Archbishop Klaus Richter goes on to say that "A man can no more earn his place in heaven with gold, than he can catch the clouds."
 * Western Church Dip The new Pope travels to Prussia to help oversee the construction of the Cathedral and to meet personally with the Archbishop.
 * Masovia: The Kingdom of Masovia also continues recovering their economy, and continues building a new national army. The Masovians continue construction of their capital at Czersk.
 * Pomerania: The Pomeranians continue building their economy and continue building a new national army.
 * Brabant-Hainaut-Holand: With the continued rise of Austria and other German States, The General Estates feel it is becoming to dangerious and Engelburt calls upon its Netherlander allies to begin organizing a break away from the HRE (plus mod response) within the next five years through any means necesary. We also call upon our allies outside the HRE to back us with military force if necesary to push forward the emancipation of the Netherlands from the Holy Roman Empire. Military expansion continues and the troops are placed on alert incase the emperor decides to m,ove against the General Estates. Engelburt also lays out the plans for an invasion of Utrecht to take the bishoproc with the rest of the netherlands out of the Holy Roman Empire. Naval expansion continues. We call on Bavaria to also support the emancipation of the Netherlands. Reformists continue to spread the word of the reformation throughout western Europe. Banking and trading continue.
 * H-B-L dip: Hamburg hopes these event will not affect the economic relations between us.
 * Venetian Diplomacy: Venice announces that it will support B-H-H militarily if needs be should it decide to regain full independence from the HRE.
 * Mod Response: Other states in the low countries are unsure which direction to take. With the power of Austria and the power of Brabant-Hainaut-Holland on the other. For the time being they decide to remain neutral as they are unsure of the power of the Brabant-Hainaut-Holland union should it be tasted against Austria.
 * Albion Diplomacy Albion will commit to aid Holland should the need arise. We will defend and aid our most valued trading partner in Northern Europe.
 * Tibet: Continues the vassalization of the Shan States. Tibet begins to influence Chutiya. Trading continues between Nepal, Tibet and the Shan States. The Gongma decides to recognize Bön as the major official religion.
 * Nepal: Military is expanded.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire performs the last of its current reforms, which is to reform the Imperial Guard. This is done with little resistance, and the Guard receives new training in hand cannon warfare. The population of Constantinople continues to rise, and as such many of its former institutions come back to life to some degree or another. The Emperor receives the Horses of St Mark from Venice, and as promised has a replica produced and sent back to Venice. The original is mounted back onto the Hippodrome, and to commemorate the new life of the city the first horse races in many years take place. The education at the univeristy continues to grow, and many lost arts regarding medicine and science are discovered. These arts are used to further expand the general health of the Empire. New chemical compositions regarding Greek Fire are discovered, making it even more effective, and a discovery allows the researchers there to recreate one of the parts of a siphon, but not enough to recreate a complete device. The trade in salt continues, and Achaea and Morea expand the income of the southern provinces.
 * Hamburg-Brunswick-Lüneburg: Troubled by the events in Holland, and the expansion of Austrian influence, some in Hamburg begin to wonder if Austria is in fact, merely expanding its territory to eventually most or all of the HRE. William, hoping to counter the Austrian influence, decides to merge the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg into a single political entity. He order the Hamburg city council to enlarge to accept representatives from the soon-to-be-former Duchy. The merging is planned to be completed in 1435. Shipyards are expanded. Influence on Bruchhausen (Turn Six) and Lippe (Turn Five) continues.
 * I may not be moderator for this game, but one thousand ships during this time is implausibly massive. During the late 1400s, the Republic of Venice only managed to have approximately 100 ships. Flag of Romania.svgToţi în unu; Nihil Sine DeoFlag of Romania.svg
 * Sorry, I'm tired and not thinking 100%.
 * Edboy, you're very wrong on numbers for Venice. While it may be unrealistic for Hamburg, Venice had about 3000 ships in 1410 OTL at its disposal. And that was all thanks to the arsenal and replaceable parts, really.
 * Chiribaya: We continue to build fortifications in our territory.
 * <p class="MsoNormal">The United Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia: The banking industry continues to grow. Gunpowder weapons are also researched. Many new shops and workshops open in the trade cities along the coast. Work on the university in Galati continues, and it will open in 1432. A small bureaucracy begins to form around the prince, comprised of trusted advisors, and noblemen who are granted some level of jurisdiction over small provinces.


 * Kingdom of Cuzco: We slow our expansion, foucusing on the economy and infrastrucutre of the City and the conquered areas. Having taking a total of 800 km from the Aymras. We offer an alliance with the Ica-Naza. (Mod response needed) (Cuzco has expanded quite a bit)
 * ​The Nazca's agree to an alliance. However, due to the alliance, the Aymaran chieftains in the north, consolidate and form an organised state around Lake Titicaca.
 * Kingdom of Naples: King Ladislaus I continues the reforms, and improves the economy and the military. Continues the construction and improvement of shipyards, and production of new boats to combat in the Mediterranean. Territorial defense continues being built based on border forts. The relation with the Byzantine Empire continue strong. The Naval Academy in Taranto continues the technological research with Venice. The King of Naples continues to give new impetus to the culture within the kingdom and its vassal states, in art, science, etc. The policy of rapprochement toward Sicily continue, and also our influence on the island for future vassalization. King notes with caution the situation within the HRE, and recognizes the Austrian aggressive expansion as a real threat to the fiefs within the Empire. Prince Charles, 21, is looking for a wife.
 * Grand Duchy of Tuscany: Improves the economy and the military. The economic prosperity of the previous years is accented with commercial junction providing Naples and Genoa, and the city of Florence is the commercial nexus among all the Neapolitan states. The Grand Duke Friedrich I, helps promote economic prosperity, gives incentives to manufacturing output grow, and improve access roads to make the trade more fluid and profitable. The army is formed to the image of the Neapolitan, with gradual use of new firearms that become quite popular. The Grand Duke Frederick I became a great patron and the Tuscan nobles soon follow this particular policy. The artists, protected and maintained by the nobles and bourgeois rising, unleash their creativity. Disputes between the prosperous cities in the Grand Duchy reach a peak of militancy, the feudal lords hired mercenaries to fight against each other, but the Grand Duke and his army, and requesting assistance Neapolitan army decides to intervene, ruling that he is the highest authority within the Grand Duchy, and abolishing the benefits and privileges of the local lords. Thus enmities is gained, but also brings stability to the cities, coercing the actions of many lords in exchange for privileges and economic concessions. To commemorate this victory, the birth of the first son of Frederick announced, and is called Leopold.
 * Duchy of Genoa: Improves the economy and the military. The Duchy of Genoa continues trading from the Black Sea to the Straits of Gibraltar, using new models of ships with cargo holds of more spacious and allow greater profit. With the help of Neapolitan military fleet, try to force richest commercial rights in Tunisian ports. In Genoa the boom in production of luxury items continue. The pressure of the Genoese traders in Tunis is growing, and combined with the presence of Christian missionaries, who at the same time serve commercial spies; is accomplished the capture of a lot of exotic products that are not easy to get due to the conflicts and trade barriers in the Near East, and the axis between Tunis and Genoa is strengthened. The Genoese economy restarts his golden age
 * Duchy of Ferrara: Improves the economy and the military. The paper industry is forging ahead, and also the making of looms, making this duchy in one of the most productive in northern Italy. Duke Niccolo I continue the loyal service to Naples.
 * Duchy of Corsica: Improves the economy and the military. The exploitation of salt mines and silver continues. In the same way, the vine crops increase in extension and quality, and the manufacture of wine each year improves in quality and quantity, and is recognized as the best European wine. On the island of Corsica a boom of mercenaries continue. The Neapolitan army started recruiting many Corsicans, making them a legend in terms of ferocity and skill in the skirmishes and battles.
 * Marquisate of Modena: Improves the economy and the military. Niccolo is dedicated to art and culture, encouraging painters, sculptors and architects that embellish this little Marquisate, leading Italian opulence to a new level. Marquis Niccolo I continues the loyal service to Naples.
 * Principality of Zeta: Improves the economy and the military. Dairy cattle production increases, and in the same way the manufacture of better quality cheese, they continue to be exported to Italy, Hungary and Byzantium. The Prince Giovanni I continue the cultural boom. Vassalization of Berat continue.
 * Vatican City: The new Pope Marinus III continue the campaign of evangelization in the lands of the Balkans. Missionaries continue to be sent to support the Order of St John, and a special group of these is working in North Africa, especially in Tunisia, where they try to recover the core of Christians. The Pope, like his predecesor, condemns all those who come to the false churches that are being created in Europe. The Pope Marinus III in his speeches also continues condemning the current lack of security of pilgrims traveling to the Holy Land, which the Christian nations have a priority to recover these places and they are missing to the will of God.
 * County of Provence: The reform of the administration continues, adapting the Neapolitan model which has had so much success. Improves economy through trade and manufacturing cloth. The military camp is also improved, adding new equipment and Italian military ideas.
 * Duchy of Anjou: As in Provence, the Duchy transformation is performed. The economy and military improve.
 * Alencon: The economy and military improve.
 * Narbonne: The economy and military improve.
 * Vendome: The economy and military improve.
 * Austrian Diplomacy: Albert II offers his first daughter Anne, although not yet of age, to marry the prince. He also stressess that Austria does not seek aggressive expansion, merely to enforce political hegemony over the empire.
 *  The Pisans take advantage of the Neapolitian advance on Siena to rout and sack Siena following the defeat of the Sienese at the hands of Naples. This is followed by a swift and decisive march on Florence. The new Pisan Republic is proclaimed. 
 * France: The military and navy are built up, the vassalage of Limoges and Armagnac begins, Continues establishing its own entity to deal with the religious crisis left by the schism. While this, Prince Louis turns ten and continues attending a renowned school in Paris learning about politics and theology, navy experience a huge boost due to trade with North Africa through St Marie d'Africa. The alliance with Austria is reviewed, but for now France states neutrality is their best policy. The establishment of internal new borders begin. A woman called Joan d'Arc marries Prince Louis after meeting in Central France as he seeks for religious guidance in an early life crisis, they fell in love and decide to marry. They marry in late March of the year.
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up. The same choice made by the French is taken by the Burgundians as they feel the same way to France. Burgundy is reluctant to do as Brabant-Hainaut-Holland desires and says it will consider it.
 * Flanders: Military and navy are built up, economy expands.
 * Blois: Military, economy expand.
 * Dunois: Military and economy expand.
 * Angouleme: Military and economy expand.
 * Parthenay: Military and economy expand.
 * Perigord: Military and economy expand.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy expand.
 * Orleans: Military and economy expand.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up.
 * Berry: Military and economy are built up.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Auvergne: Military and economy are built up.
 * Forez: Military and economy are built up.
 * Strassburg: Military and economy are built up: many continue to be convinced of the vassalization by Burgundians as being for the best but many doubt this causing some movements toward rebellion.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up.
 * Metz: Military and economy are built up: many continue to be convinced of the vassalization by Burgundians as being for the best but many doubt this causing some movements toward rebellion.
 *  Strassbourg's leaders meet to discuss France's interests within their territory. Due to cultural differences, Strassbourg breaks the vassalage argeement with France. Metz soon follows suit. Both nations ask for Austria to intervene if France threatens their sovereignty. 
 * I'll make the new borders for France for next turn. I have to log out soon.
 * Portugal continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Leiname. Meanwhile, the colony in Santa Maria expands by 200 sq km. Meanwhile, another expedition is sent to the area of Santa Maria after the settlers report rumours of another island farther north. Afonso de Santarém is again at the helm of the expedition, and confirms the existence of an island north of Santa Maria, which he calls São Miguel. Meanwhile, Infante João, eldest grandson of João I, marries Leonor de Castro, daughter of João de Castro, Lord of Cadaval. Meanwhile, in a meeting of the Cortes in Santarém, King João I publishes a law stating that all lands and goods belonging to the crown can only be passed to the first-born male son, and not to be divided between the heirs, unless the king allows them to be in a certain situation.
 * Venetian Republic:
 * In Veneto: The Venetian Revival Continues The arsenal of Coixa is set to finish in 1433, from then it will be another year until full production can begin as the arsenal must go through a dry run to begin manufacturing properly. The final year of galley production for the navy ends and the final count is 2400 ships with 300 of those being produced this year, the slave shortage kicked in early meaning that some of these new ships are manned by paid men rather than slaves. The Doge offers to partner with Hamburg-Brunswick-Lüneburg in its southernly voyage. The embassy in Constantinople supports the ratification of a trade deal concerning the crimean salt trade between the Venetian and Roman Crimeans. Venice sends envoys to Gorizia, as they are their greatest Austrian trade partner, to offer them a trade agreement. The replica horses from the Roman Empire arrive and are placed where the orginals were. The Venetian navy focuses on expanding trade in the north particularly to England, Munster and Holland. In other news a goldsmith, blacksmith and publisher called Giovanni Bonmont (OTL Johannes Gutenberg) migrates from outer Veneto to the city of Venice, hoping to benefit from the increased metal trade. Mil-turn
 * In Porto Tolle: Trade continues to flow to Naples and Milan, after the recent internal trade war, Porto Tolle requests that Naples manages its affairs more carefully as trade disruption between Venice and Naples could have dire consequences for both nations.
 * In Istra: The peoples of Istra work closely with the Hungarians and offer them a trade agreement that would grant the Hungarians favourable status in the region and allow Istran goods to penetrate Hungarian markets. Various goods leave the nation for Hungary and Venice, such as lime, cement, bricks and stone as well as these wine unique to the region known as Terrano wine is sold almost exclusively in Hungary and Venice.
 * In Ragusa: The Ragusan trade fleet numbering 12 ships sails around the Adriatic and acts as a major trader with the Neapolitan territories surrounding it. Requests are made of the Doge to supply funds for a permanent garrison for the city.
 * In the Epirote Free Ports: Artisans come to the free ports this year, adding to the economy, small amounts of crafted goods are made and are largely sent to Venice. The free ports continue their efforts to attract foriegn skill as well as encourage locals hoping to increase production. Salted fish, feta cheese, wool and goat meat are traded particularly this year with the Ottomans, Kaffa and Constantinople.
 * In the Peloponnese: Olive oil and wine are exported this year, mainly along land routes to Byzantine Greece. The Gastàldos in Argos begin to try to renovate the city for port functions and invest in the purchase of two galleys to function as the Peloponnese trade fleet.
 * In Attica: Marathon's port continues to be built and after the Venetian masters' decision to leave the population issue to the local lords, they set about organising for two thousand people to migrate to take up homes in Marathon, the effort requires a lot of organising and the lords have prepared a thousand people from Menidi and Marousi to travel next year.
 * H-B-L dip: We thank Venice for the partnership, and suggest sailing in 1432.
 * Epirote Republic: The port of Filiates continues to be built while the road from the port to the capital is laid out and work begun. The port still has four years of construction estimated to be left. However, merchants are catching wind already and set up a temporary dock that can process small shipments although the size of it means that very little trade on a grand scale can actually be processed through it. Eco-turn
 * Venetian Empire:
 * Candia: The capital's infrastructure is renovated using funds collected from trade profits. Meanwhile, the Candian fleet deals with pirates off the eastern coast. The policy of encouraging immigration succeeds and many people arrive to claim lands and money, boosting the population. Trade through Candia grows and Candain wines, olives and oil, pungent cheeses and candied citron peels are traded primarily this year with the Ottomans, Romans and Mamluks. However, Candian trade now reaches Granada and Portugal. Eco-turn
 * Corfu: Work on the Corfiot forts continues. Negotiations on the status of Corfu continues but most nobles are convinced that they shall be successful. Corfiot wine and olive oil is traded with Naples. Mil-turn
 * Kaffa: Migration to Kaffa continues and the population continues to rise. Kaffa the city is becoming a pivotal point in Black sea trade and Victor Borozzi hopes that it will become the Venice of the Black Sea. Ten ships are purchased to act as the beginning of the Kaffa navy, based on the Venetian fleet, acting as both a merchant navy and military force. Wines, crops and iron from Kaffa are traded to the Jochid Ulus, Byzantines (specifically the Byzantines in Crimea but the rest as well), Wallachians, Georgians and Ottomans, in order of trade volume. The Kaffa salt trade continues to make the region prosper and most of the salt trade ends up in Venice but also Constantinople. Hoping to establish the beginnings of Crimean co-operation, Victor Borozzi offers the Despotate of Theodoro and the Byzantines by extension to sign a treaty whereby the Venetian and Byzantine Crimean salt that is produced must only be traded via Venice or Constantinople, this deal would bring immense wealth to the two cities and would guarantee prosperity for the region of Crimea. Eco-turn
 * Naxos: The tribute received this year brings a great boon to the coffers in Naxos and the city of Naxos itself, as the Duke spends lavishly on the city, hoping to at least gain the people's support. Fruits and cattle are sold in Greece, Cyprus, the Ottoman coast and Constantinople as Naxian trade volume begins to peak. The varied and complex hospitalar political alliances largely accept the promise of positions for support from the Doge. Naxian merchants continue to work closely with their counterparts in Constantinople. Eco-turn
 * Aegina: Once again Aeginean grains and figs head for Kaffa and Athens but due to a lack of heavy profits Aegina welcomes someone to buy their next year's surplus of grain and figs at a higher price that Athens or Kaffa offer. Most of last years profits are eaten up from the tribute to Naxos, which they pay in money as they do not wish to lose any possible trade. Eco-turn
 * Athens: As Bavarian traders begin to become more common in Athens, the Venetian Potensa offers Bavaria a trade deal that would allow Athenian goods and traders to penentrate the Bavarian markets and would give Bavaria highly favourable rights and subsidies in Athens. Athens grows again and seeing that Kaffa has established its own trade fleet resolves to do so too. The Athenian navy starts at a base of two ships, that operate out of Porto Leone, they act as both merchant vessels and warships and begin by each taking Athenian trade to Portugal in the west and Kaffa in the east. Kaffa salt continues to help the Athenian coffers swell but once more population lessens the impact of it. Athens pays a hefty tribute to Naxos but luckily they have the reserves to take the hit, they also send some Kaffa salt which lessens the financial burden. Eco-turn
 * Negroponte: Mining continues at good levels supporting spending in the city. However, when the tribute request must be filled, the Gastàldo lacks the funds and takes a loan from the Roscol Bank, placing Negroponte in debt. The city of Negroponte continues to benefit with artisans, masters and traders continuing to gather there. Negropontean lignite, iron, nickel and marble are traded with Venice almost exclusively. However, some Roman traders are given special dispensation to trade for some. Eco-turn
 * ​County of Oldenburg: Vassalisation of Osnabruck continues into its 13th year. The comital treasury begins giving the Prince-Bishop loans, and Oldenburger troops march around the border with the Bishopric. Count Dietrich travels to Osnabruck and celebrates mass in the cathedral. He and his entourage spread the spirit of Sedevacantism, shouting from the rooftops (in some cases literally) about how neither Papal claimant is legitimate, and that new legitimate elections must take place ending the schism once and for all, thus providing Catholicism with one true Pope once more. The OHG decides that there's some money to be made in whaling and sealing, and plans a whaling/sealing trip for next year.
 * Mayan Empire: Maya City undergoes major change in infrastructure, which will last at least five years. The military is expanded, and fishing off the coast becomes one of the key parts of the economy. Trade with others tribes begins, and slaves are traded with several. In the north, We ask the Aztecs for aid in the possible war with the Zapotec (five bucks says yes). We begin hearing reports of pirates off the coast, and begin building a navy to comfort them.
 * Aztec diplomacy: The Aztec Empire will make no decision at this time. This is due to the requests from the Zapotec Alliance of military access through their lands to the north. Also the Aztec Empire is currently in an alliance with the Zapotec, and is completely surrounded by the Zapotec. If more events or tensions unfold, the Aztec Empire will take part on one side or the other, but for now, no decision is to be made.
 * The Nation of the Oirats: Cement, coal and iron increases in production. Iron weapons is now majorly used. More firearm smiths are built in Oskemen. More beer is fermented and it becomes a popular drink for the nomads. As we increase in population, we slowly target our expansion northward. We expand 20 px to the North. By beating Mongol Khanate, we rob them of their population and speed up our expansion North and East towards Lake Baikal. We begin to build a primitive waste system and school, learning from books coming from merchants in China.
 * You haven't taken land or population from the Mongols. The treaty states that your occupied lands were re-acquired. Also, waste management and schools are too far advanced for you, ATM. In addition, coal is useless to everyone at the current time.
 * ​Ming China continues to reform. The Xuande Emperor continues the policy of seeking "wen" (knowledge) over "wu" (violence). However, that does not mean that the military is neglected. However, he replaced many powerful figures with others of lesser birthright but great capabilities. Minor revolts spring up due to this policy but the majority of the population is happy with the change. It also lessens corruption greatly. The naval facilities in the ChangJiang are expanded. Korea, Qara Del, Haixi and Tainan expand their economies. Lao Xing is influenced further and relations with the Emperor, Kyushu and Vietnam grow warmer and warmer.
 * Japan (Ashikaga Clan): We fix up our roads and add outposts in different areas just to watch out for more enemies trying to attack us. We build up our economy by fixing trade routes to the Usegi state. Around our capital city we continue to build a giant fort - walls and towers that go around the whole city. Since war is over for now, we go back to rebuilding our first college of Japan. We increase our military by adding more troops to our borders. We start to make our own kind of beer. An increase in education is happening due to the building of more schools.
 * Japan didn't have beer 'til the 17th century.
 * Kingdom of Georgia: Economy expands.
 * Kingdom of Armenia: Military expands.
 * Principality of Gordyene: Economy expands. 41K Christians/93K Gordians.
 * Principality of Adiabene: Economy expands. 53K Christians/121K Adiabenites.
 * Principality of Ardalan: Infrastructure expands; 11 turns until Ardalan is returned to Mesopotamia.
 * Timurid Empire: We annex both the Kingdom of Khursan and Gilan after a lengthy time of them being our vassals. We continue the Islamization of our vassals. We continue influencing the Chagatai Khanate (Year Three out of 17). We begin influencing Jaunpur (Year Two out of Three) Kandahar becomes the capital of our Empire and Draka's twin palace is nearly finished. We continue working on the development of roads from Kandahar toward India. Since our empire is becoming much larger we spend large amounts of resources on connecting the parts of our empire and ensuring control. Due to our Empire not sharing a border with the Ak Koyunlu we decide to nullify our vassal agreement with them.
 * Bahamani Sultanate: We work on our economy and infrastructure, the Islamization continues in our lands.
 * The Kingdom of England (member state of the Kingdoms of Greater Albion): English military and navy are expanded with many new war cogs being added to the English Fleets. The World Exploration Council continues to expand influence after the massive success of the African Trade delegations. Further exploration and perhaps the formation of a trade outpost are considered for the future. King Edward IV continues to push for English to be used as the primary language at the court. Prince Edmund travels to Venice to see the Republic post-civil war. North Sea trade is almost completely dominated by the North Sea Trading Alliance (Holland, and Albion mostly). The UNC are extended the offer of joining the North Sea Trade Alliance as a full member. Nordic and English culture continues to blend, with stories of the mythical Norse gods becoming popular reading among the wealthy segments of the population. Scotland is influenced for the fifth year. The government commissions the construction of a second place of residence for the King in York. After months of speculation Don Miguel Ferrous is declared Pope Miguel I by the Conclave.
 * You know Norse Paganism is practically dead by now, and is only practiced by a few. Flag of Romania.svgToţi în unu; Nihil Sine DeoFlag of Romania.svg
 * Where did I say paganism? I said Nordic CULTURE. There is a difference.
 * ​Dublin: The port is expanded. Crown Trading establishes its Irish headquarters. Military is upgraded as well as the navy. The Royal Bank of England establishes its Eire HQ. Further trade occurs with Munster and Ulster. Dublin begins a massive renovation of the city with its newfound wealth.
 * Wales: The Welsh military and navy are expanded. The Welsh begin to see the fruits of all the English banking investments as large areas of the nation see improvements in infrastructure. Representation in the Albion Parliament increases as a minor population boom in and around Cardiff begins.
 * Munster Diplomacy: We ask to join the North Sea Trading alliance, citing our membership in Albion, and our trade fleet.
 * Bengal Sultanate: The decrease in taxes on the landed elite do their job in most areas of the Sultanate, decreasing the tax load on the peasantry and earning him their support. The tax cuts on the merchant class allow for more trade to be conducted, and a recent lax on some of the quota laws allows for more goods to be shipped from Bengal, greatly increasing trade income. Influence grows on Ahom and Koch, as we provide much of their food, and many of their other goods since they trade exclusively with us. The money gained from the trade continues to arm the various levies of the Sultanate, the landed elite, Orissa, and Arakan. Trade with the states of Ava, Koch, Garjat, and Ahom continues, with influence being placed through trade on Ava and Garjat. Cash crops continue to be grown in large amounts. The vassalization process continues on Aoch and Kohm (Year Seventeen). With our merchants traveling to Ava, Koch, Ahom and Arakan regularly, Islam begins to gain a foothold in their nations. Several important trade roads begin to see much-needed maintenance. The merchants that continually travel between Kohm, Aoch, and Ava continue to allow for some of the populations of those nations to continue to convert to Islam. Due to trade with China and other Middle Eastern nations, cannon and hand cannon designs become more common, leading some of the richest landed elite to continue to outfit their levies with cannons and hand cannons. Due to Bengal having control over lands of multiple ethnicities and religions, literary works in the form of poems and epics begin to take influence from all three religions of the Sultanate.
 * Kingdom of Arakan: Due to their trade being controlled mainly by Bengal for many years, their vassalization by Bengal has allowed them to open up their ports to other nations, and serve as resting point for many Bengali traders. Due to the influx of Islamic merchants into Arakan, the entire population in Arakan begin to see many more conversions of their residents to Islam. Raja (King) Anuj Chandra Charmchi passes away from a combination of old age and a fever after being bedridden for several weeks. The son of the Bengali Sultan, Zulfiqar Padma Shah is given control of the Kingdom. Since he is only ten years old however, the country is technically run by a series of advisors, who are mainly Islamic, but some Buddhists also serve as advisors.
 * Emirate of Andamana: Mansoor Basil Amirmoez continues to reclaim land on the island to make room for farms, and to have timber for building both boats and houses. The Emirate expands another 500 km into the island. The ships built by the timber from the island help contribute to Bengali trade.
 * Rajya of Orissa: Unlike the other vassals of the Bengali Sultanate, Bhandudeva IV is kept farther away from the daily politics of controlling Orissa, relying mainly on Islamic advisors sent directly by the Bengal Sultan. The advisors quickly persuade Bhandudeva IV to allow the Muslims settlers in the northern part of the Rajya to hold land south of the previously agreed living space. The Sultan of Bengal forcibly lowers the price of owning property in Orissa for Muslims, outraging some of the Hindu population.
 * Bengali Diplomacy ( Needs mod response, please and thank you ): We offer the newest ruler of Ava a gift of fine cotton, sugarcanes and silver, as well as another Islamic advisor to help with dealing with the larger Muslim population of Ava. 
 * Mod Reponse: They accept.
 * ​Munster: King Eamon continues to build up respect as a good ruler amongst his vassals and other Irish lords. Some vessels begin going farther south, into areas in Africa, mostly Castilian Gibraltar, but some people wonder what lies in the interior of the continent, as we have travelled to West Africa. King Eamon is searching for a bride, and asks any European nation to propose a princess. Western Catholicism grows within the nation, and the road in southern Mayo reaches the coast, and begin to spread north, with clans settling along it. Our influence continues to spread, and many clans convert to Western Catholicism. At this moment in time, the southern third of Mayo is vassalized by Munster. The Confederation of Eire is formed under Albion, and it is popular amongst coastal clans in Mayo looking for money from trade. However, we open it to all Irish nations and clans to join into it. (This will be similar to a closely-bound alliance ingame). The Slavacha Guard grows, with many Slavs from all over Eastern Europe signing up. They are equipped with the most modern and nasty weapons and trained to the fullest by some of the best warriors in Albion. A monk in the southern hills of the nation begins to travel across the Isle picking up tales and myths of various tribes before they die out. We begin to influence Leinster and we open our borders to them, allowing Leinsterians to enter Munster and become immersed in modern Irish culture. Some return wanting to join the Confederation '''(Year One of Five in vassalization).
 * Grand Duchy of Moscow (and the rest of the realm): Development of the nation continues. With trade flowing from the west, money begins to make our once backwater state into a flourishing land of goods and trade. Merchants from across Europe travel across our borders, exchanging for rare goods, including products like vodka and rare furs. Special fish such as harbour porpoise (type of whale in the Black Sea; resembles a dolphin in shape) sell for high prices. Military development continues.
 * Trier: We upgrade our military and economy. We influence the states around us. We continue the war against Saxony and deploy our troops to be used by the emperor.
 * The Mamluk Sultanate is fully recovered, and is quickly growing into a technological power, as well as a huge agricultural state. Farming in the Nile Valley, as well as in other regions of the Sultanate pick up as crop rotation becomes even more widely accepted. Sultan al-Mansur Mostafa Hazem continues the growth of the navy's set of caravels and frigates, and the new trading corporations begin to continue with the wave of discoveries. The Swahili Trade and Exploration Company (STEC) launches a mission to southwestern Africa. The trip reaches as far as OTL Namibe, Angola. Meanwhile, the Indian Association of Free Arab Traders and Merchants (IAFATM) also returns to Aceh, and establish an alliance. Saadiq Assaf continues to expand upon his ideas about Islam, which are accepted more and more as Mecca is now in a civil war. All Burji states grow economy due to new technologies.
 * ​al-Sumal expands 10,000 sq km as Mogadishu continues to gain large market shares of slaves, ivory and gold. al-Swahili continue to finalize the influence of Malindi while more and more ethnic Arabs move to the eastern coast of Africa, due to the prosperous trade taking place in that region. STEC continues to play a huge role in the region. The conversion of natives of Madagascar continues, based out of Sanafah from which the efforts are based. Tribal leaders from the south of the island begin to visit Sanafah to learn Arabic in order to organize their own states.
 * Cicilia continues construction of a large navy in order to assist with the Sultan's plans to control Eastern Mediterranean trade. Nubia's preparations for unification continue; among the preparations include more cultural mixing. Mecca, Oman and Yemen all expand 10,000 sq km. The Amir of Jiddah continues his civil war against the Meccan Caliph, and makes huge gains. In effect, the state of Mecca is all Republican-controlled except for the city of Mecca itself. Ifat and Socotra both grow 10,000 sq km. In order to grow further in the Horn of Africa. Ifat and Socotra continue with their war, and it spill over into Oman and Yemen. Yemen has decided to back Socotra, and Oman backs Ifat. With the huge war raging, the Sultan begins to plan how the best way to reduce tensions would be.
 * Mesopotamia also continues to recover from its invasion. Mesopotamia, which was hit much harder than the Sultanate proper, has more physical reconstruction to complete, leading to repairs in the city of Mosul, which is matched by progress made in Baghdad, to make sure the capital does not fall behind. Basra is prepared for integration in the near future.
 * Castile:  The Castilian economy continues a larger process of pulling in more money through trade. The Castilians begin to send missionaries into Morocco in hopes to convert populations. The infrastructure of Castile is also expanded more. Castile, in order to facilitate more conversions to Christianity, imposes higher taxes on non-Christians in the areas it controls personally or by proxy through its vassals. Castile has successfully mapped large parts of the African coast south of Morocco and down as far as their settlements in Capo Verde. The developing class in Castile of skilled artisans, merchants, blacksmiths and the like has led to a large increase in productivity of the country with even a few researchers managing to work on new designs - including a more efficient hand cannon which gets its own dedicated corps in the developing Royal army of Castile. The Castilian noblity begins to adapt toward a newer system to revamp or work on their power as they move toward becoming advisors to the king and less involved in their feudal estates which while growing have developed Guilds to facilitate payments for the efforts of the men working, The expert worksmanship of many of these men has seen notable increase in productivity for each feudal state with most lords not complaining. John, now with full support from his people and his father and the noblemen, begins the process of transferring power from King Henry to Prince John. The Royal children are put into royal education and their new sister born recently being named Maria. The Kingdom's cities begin to be improved with somewhat better sanitation and the King hires architects to plan out a sewer system, as well as a true plan for multiple major cities. Castile begins a major process of researching the arquebus acquired and develops its own version which is used to replace the hand cannons which is finally finished. The Castilian navy, using the Canaries as a base, continually explore the area and discover a new island chain, the closest island is able to be settled and a small settlement springs up on the islands and is built up and styled as a resupply base. (1000 sq km). The population of Castile officially reaches about 8.5 million and continuing to grow rapidly thanks to a sharp increase in agricultural production. The construction of a new kind of warship with cannons is completed. A heavy warship much more powerful than most other ships of the time.
 * Granada: The Christianization of Granada continues in earnest with a more sizeable converted population working its way through the country. The Emir, however, remains secretly Christian and begins hiring a few Castilian advisors who are wholly more competent than many of the Granadan advisors. The country also begins to see some issues with its settlement in Morocco with many of them being Christian Castilians or converts. The Granadans continue to show more Christianization processes occurring with a viable expanding population of Christians living in the border towns and churches springing up in various areas across the country. The country begins to show promising signs of real economic advancement. The population of true Castilians in the country begins to increase to rival the native Granadans as many of the Muslims have left the area due to the unfavorable atmosphere of the country. The Nation of Granada has now Christianized somewhat considerably with a real large minority of Christians existing within the country's borders. The Emir, however, managed to maintain a favorable position with both denominations and hold the country together effectively through careful management.
 * Kingdom of the Canaries: Now granted a semi-autonomous status from Castile the Canaries begin to work up their economy to a certain degree greatly utilizing the traders from Portugal as well as the new route to Oyo, and the trade from the Mediterranean. The Canaries are able to build upon the multiple viable settlements and a moderately sized and growing population. The Canaries, finally completely covering the islands, begins to send moderately sized fleets that are resupplied from the islands and from Castile to continually explore the area. The Canaries help supply settlers and fleets moving to Capo Verde.
 * Kingdom of Cyprus: Cyprus is taken over by Castile as per the Knights Hospitaller's wishes with the 10,000 Castilian troops of the Royal army and around 3000 Cyprisian troops being raised in defence of the new kingdom. The King previously declared in Larnaca is declared over all of Cyprus and with the expansion to secure all the Island he begins to rebuild the shattered kingdom with funding from the Hospitaller and mostly Castile. The Kingdom specifically works on the training of a new professional army as well as economic improvement with the assistance of Castile. The Branch of the Knights Hospitaller in Cyprus reset up by the branch from Rhodes develop into part of the island kingdoms defence forces with their connections to a branch in Castile helping boost a trade flow to the island. The Knights also allow the migration of any willing knights from Rhodes to Cyprus to keep the kingdom and its new force stable and alive as a professional organization.
 * Mangut Nivkhgu expands 5000 sq km down the coast of the Asian mainland. (The Grand National University apologizes for any delay in this project, however, we ask our readers for continued patience until the resolution of the street protests in Nendaqo.)
 * Hungary, Croatia and all the vassals of Hungary see a greater number of military fortifications made. Hungary continues to grow economically, increasing trading with each other. Hungary also keeps its armies trained and well-drilled. Bosnia is expanded 10,000 km by the army who are looking to establish control as so their borders are not affected in the future.
 * Milan: Work continues on the Certosa di Pavia, the Castle Visconteo, and on the extensive Milan Cathedral. We continue training a proper standing army, utilizing Swiss mercenaries and local recruits. With border disputes now settled between the nations of Austria and Switzerland, we continue opening friendly relations with both nations in hopes of repairing our diplomatic relations and protecting our northern border. We continue constructing cogs and galleys to strengthen our navy and protect our interests on the seas. We upgrade economy and military, as do our vassals. We ask for an alliance with the nation of Naples to ensure the safety and tranquility of Italy from foreign invasion.
 * Oyo Empire: Oyo continues to expand 10,000 km along the coastline of West Africa toward the west, while continuing to expand its economy, infrastructure, and military. By this point, Oyo and its power are well known in the region, and wherever Oyo stakes its claim to the land, the natives, respecting the power of their new neighbors, pay fealty to the Oyo Empire. The growth of the Oyo Orthodox Church continues unabaited, with many thousands of new baptisms as of 1431. The sea-bound trade of Oyo begins to overtake that of land-based trade, as hundreds of yanyan and dozens of nlanla ships increase the amount goods flowing in and out of Oyo's port cities. Oyo establishes a number of additional trade pacts with the unaffiliated states in India, in a bid to increase its ability to break into the spice trade as a major trader of the highly popular good. Many of these goods are bound for the Kingdom of the Canaries, where the Castilians shall take a cut of the products before the Oyo vessels continue on their way to Europe.
 * Benin: Benin expands its southeastern border by 10,000 km along the coastline of the Bright of Biafra, and also expands its military, economy and infrastructure under Oyo leadership. Additionally, literacy continues to grow slowly as well as the acceptance of Orthodox Christianity.
 * Ife: Ife expands its military, economy and infrastructure under the Oyo Empire.
 * The Jochid Ulus continue to develop and grow. In the far north, the Yamal territories expand in the northwestern edge of the nation by approximately 5000 sq km, creating many villagers for Nenets to settle and expand in. The first Nenets towns begin to increasingly grow, as settled-down animal husbandry continues to work for them. This causes extreme expansion in the economy of the Yamal, as it joins the period of economic boom and improvement that has characterised the Ulus in the last few years. This boom continues throughout the Ulus, as the Ruthenian territories produce large amounts of agricultural produce, as do the Volga and Kama river valleys and Kazakhstan. The growth of the lumber and metals industry in the Urals begins. The cultural growth of the nation also continues, as the Mastorava is expanded upon and begins to be preached in the streets of Obran-Osh and Bolghar. This Mastorava begins to establish a somewhat syncretic Pagan faith, but a deeply established one; there's several theologic ideas (including their own version of monotheism, which would lead to the belief of polyprosopy, or "one God, many faces") and a few basic developing mythos that are reached by consensus between several tribes and burghers across the Volga. More Ulus collapse to feudal government, leaving nomadic tribes only in Kazakhstan and eastern Siberia. This drastically changes the composition of the kurultay as it meets to discuss the Khan, given that it's been a long time and the Ulus still has no official Khan. However, the world is shocked as young Temür-Hachiun, aged fifteen, presents his claim to the throne. The Kurultay is deeply divided; almost unanimously, the Ulus oppose his choice, while burghers and nobles support it. The vote barely passes through, but eventually he is elected, given that the other two choices are having Ïdegay Jochid turn 16 in almost ten more years or choose a foreign khan. At the end of the meeting, a coronation is scheduled for next year, and all nobles of the nation are invited to come. However, sad news hit the palace later that same year; Ïdegay Manghud died peacefully in his sleep at the age of 68, not to see his grandson take the throne. More hand gonnes are given to high-ranking soldiers in infantry armies. Temür Hachiun sends delegates to the Russian states, hoping to improve relations.
 * The Principality of Great Perm continues to develop its military and economy. The Permic economy grows as Kolvakvar also does. Komi merchants begin crossing into Novgorod and the Golden Horde, trading with both nations. They also secretly smuggle Komi education into Novgorodian schools near the border.
 * the Principality of Adyghea grows by 2500 sq km throughout Circassia. Adyghe, Kabardian, Ubykh and Abkhaz chieftains all swear loyalty to the Ayghe royal family. Maykop continues to grow quickly, causing the economy to also grow. Fortresses in the Caucasus begin to be built, and some formerly tribal Adyghe begin to move to these plazas, causing new cities to form. The Duchy begins to develop its army, given secret support by the Golden Horde as the Georgians have admitted hostility toward Adyghea.
 * Ottoman Empire: Many of the troops in the new Middle Eastern vassals are brought back to their homes, as the leaders of the lands have sworn fealty to the Sultan. While military power is increased a bit, the Sultan begins to focus more on the infrastructure and academics of the Empire in this time of peace. The Sultan plans to visit Mecca in the next year or so for his pilgrimage, as well as a gesture of good will towards the Mamluks. Trade relations are also promoted with the use of new vessels that have begun to be built in northern Anatolia. Meanwhile, a small rebellion takes place in a Serbian village against Ottoman sovereignty over the region, which is soon put down by the local military. However, this influences the Grand Vizier to consider expanding their power in the region, and maybe even annexation. The Sultan has no immediate comment.
 * Colorado Confederation *
 * Navajo-Kim-Pueblo: The boom of knowledge and wealth continues and we decide to use this money to expand our economies in order to help all the Colorado Confederation build up infrastructure.
 * Apache: We continue to rebuild the city of Hope, centralize, and build up infrastructure.
 * Pima: Centralization and infrastructure build up continues.
 * Apache City States: Centralization and infrastructure build up continues
 * Commanche: Centralization and infrastructure build up continues.
 * Austria: We train and expand our military using new experience from recent wars, and grow our nation economically. We also begin developing hand cannons as a future weapon in warfare after seeing its implementation on a small scale. We continue influencing our vassal states of Salzburg, Gorizia, Augsburg, Burgau, Patria del Friuli, Chur, Württemberg, the Electorate of the Palatinate, and Oettingen. We begin influencing the states of Ulm, Cilli, and Burggrafshaft. We continue to improve relations with our Italian neighbors to the south. We increase trade with the Grand Duchy of Bavaria. The formation and organization of the newly founded kaiserliche und königliche Kriegsmarine continues, proving to be a successful investment. We continue assimilating the population of Aquileia, which has become dependent on Austrian trade and support for its defense and prosperity. We continue to grow closer through trade. We begin to extend friendly relations to France in the hopes of securing the western border of the empire and to prevent further conflict in the region.
 * Salzburg: The Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg orders the training of levies to be used in war. An army is sent to aid Austria and the Holy Roman Empire in the war against Saxony. We ask for a trade agreement with Bavaria.
 * Gorizia: Military is trained and sent to combat the nation of Saxony. The nation’s fields are expanded to allow for greater agricultural yields. Trade begins with nearby nations, including Venice and Milan.
 * Augsburg: The Mixed Imperial City of Augsburg encourages the growth of industry, producing large quantities of woven goods, cloth and textiles. The city of Augsburg is established as a major city of the Holy Roman Empire through the creation of several banking and financial institutions. We grow economically through trade routes with Austria, Bavaria, and other German states. The city’s leaders support Burgau’s conflict against Bavarian claims, although state that they will support whatever decision the emperor comes to. Military is expanded and a small detachment is sent to fight against Saxony.
 * Aquila: Ties grow between Austria through trade and the use of our ports. We begin constructing a shipyard to further facilitate trade and shipbuilding. Troops are sent to aid Austria.
 * Chur: Military and economy are expanded.
 * Württemberg: Military and economy are expanded. Our government vows to support the nation of Burgau against any hostile invasion.
 * Palatinate: Military and economy are expanded.
 * Oettingen: Military and economy are expanded.
 * Bohemia: Military and economy are expanded. We send an army to fight at the disposal of our king, Albert II of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor, to enforce our political hegemony in Saxony. ***Silesia: All nations of Silesia expanded military and economy. The newly organized army is sent to fight against Saxony.
 * Moravia: Having recently acquired the title of Margrave of Moravia, Albert II tightens his grip over the regions of Brandenburg and Luxembourg. Moravia expands military and economy, and sends an army to Saxony to fight for the empire.
 * Brandenburg: Military and economy are expanded. An army is sent to fight in Saxony.
 * Luxembourg: Military and economy are expanded. An army is sent to fight in Saxony.
 * In Savoy, the economy continues growing, and the kingdom prospers. The army hires more mercenaries. The Count tries to improve his position in the north Italian region. Seeing the fall of Tuscany we declare war on Genoa, and call all our allies to support us.
 * d'Asti expands economy and military, and also declare war on Genoa.
 * Montferrat expands economy and military, and also declare war on Genoa.
 * Aragon continues its trading. Therefore, economy and infrastructure expand. The navy is built up and Aragonese trade influence expands as well all around the Mediterranean.
 * UNC: The UNC works on its economy, drawing new trade routes in and around the Baltic Sea. Novgorod and Prussia are both offered non-aggression treaties. Beowulf continues to grow in popularity, especially in Denmark and Sweden
 * Zapotec: Emperor Tlaco expands Danibaan's influence in the surrounding city-states by way of the Zapotec Alliance. Roadways connecting cities in the alliance help merchants and soldiers move more freely between them. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. In the coastal regions under Danibaan's influence, more boats are created. Tlaco orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Daibaan continues expanding into the surrounding city-states north along the gulf coast.

1432
'''In Rome, Marinus III dies after only ten months as Pope. In the subsequent conclave, the Castilian Alfonso Carrillo de Albornoz is elected Pope, taking the Papal name of Gregory XII.'''

'''We need more mod events!!!! What's going on in the NPC states? What new devices are being made? What cultural trends are going on?!?! (I, for one, have a decent sized civil war in one of my vassals, an inter-vassal war, start of Reformation, development of Republicanism, and many other issues going on. Comment on them by using the mod events, please?) 21:03, March 5, 2014 (UTC)'''

'''Yeah, please do comment on player actions with mod events. Add repercussions and effects of certain actions and such. It's goood for the game.'''

'''It's good until certain moderators start getting threatened with impeachment for doing so. '''

'''Yup. We either have events that make people angry, or we have no events at all. ~Viva'''
 * Go with angry people but not unnecessarily so. Ff someone has been expanding like crazy let them know that the locals aren't happy with them and are being rebellious and such but don't make a rebellion happen for the hell of it. Events with reason and fluff are good. Events that broadcast important player actions are good.


 * Aztec Empire: With the new alliance of Texcoco and Tlacopan, the Aztecs are more relaxed and confident with their allies. The great empire expands its military and economy. It also expands 200 pixels to the North West through the disorganized territory of Central America. The Aztecs declare that if there is to be a war between the Zapotec and Mayans, although still unsure of why, then the Aztecs will side with the more culturally similar: Zapotec Alliance. The Emperor Itzual is most pleased with the brisk construction of Tenochtitlan. He orders a royal guard of his finest Jaguar Warriors to be placed under his grandson, Cuachtemoc. Angered at this Montezuma II, Cuachtemoc's uncle, decides he will have to attain power on his own.
 * Aztec diplomacy: The Aztecs expand into disorganized territory due to the agreement with their ally the Zapotec Alliance.
 * Mayan Dip: A misunderstanding on our part led us to believe that you would go to war with the Zapotec. Our apologies.
 * Aztec diplomacy: The Aztecs will hold no grudge over the Mayans, and only have intentions of peace for the time being.
 * In Savoy, the economy continues growing, and the kingdom prospers. The army hires more mercenaries. The Count tries to improve his position in the north Italian region. The war against Genoa continues, and again we call all our allies to support us.
 * d'Asti expands economy and military, and also continues the war against Genoa.
 * Montferrat expands economy and military, and also continues the war against Genoa.
 * Kingdom of Georgia: The wealth of Georgia's growning Black Sea trade brings a surprising amount of wealth into the Caucasian kingdom. Upon hearing of the universities that have begun to spring up across Europe, the aging King Giorgi insists that the Kingdom of Georgia "invest in its future" by building one. As a result, the Kolejis Mep'e Giorgi is commissioned in T'bliisi, schedules to open in 1442; the stimulus from constructing and organizing the proposed university expands the Georgian economy. Additionally, Jarishuri expatriates report that the Ossetians have thus far been receptive to Georgian Orthodoxy, which is fairly similar to their own Christian practices, and are looking for protection from the ever-expanding Jochid Ulus. Crown Prince Alexandre (age 20) takes personal command of the so-called "Ossetian campaign," leading a delegation to meet with Ossetian chieftains and resolve their tribal disputes; the Ossetians are receptive, but fully stabilizing and vassalizing the region is estimated to take ten more years, barring external intervention.
 * Georgian Diplomacy: The Georgians send an emissary to the Jochid Ulus requesting an adjustment of the Caucasian borders, exchanging two years of Horde settlement in Ossetia for two years of Georgian settlement in Circassia. When asked why the Georgians are willing to accept a net loss in land, the emissary cryptically explains that "the borders look nicer that way" and (less mysteriously) points out that Horde settlement of northern Ossetia will assist the planned Georgian stabilization of that region. The emissary additionally states that Georgia has another proposal for the Khan - one that can only be discussed privately. (Fed - find me on chat sometime and we'll talk. No rush - it's a long-term plan and I'm not yet in a hurry.)
 * Mamluk Diplomacy: We propose that the Coptic Christians of Egypt be given the option to move to your Christian states with your Muslims being permitted to move to Mosul or Cairo.
 * Kingdom of Armenia: A frustrated King Smbat IV mourns as his wife, Queen Varduhi, dies of a miscarriage; over the past twelve years, the Queen has only given birth to a pair of daughters (Arevik, the elder, aged nine; Hurik, the younger, aged five) and a single son, Prince Garegin (age eight; is betrothed to Georgia's Princess Ketevan, age eleven). Perhaps as a result of his personal woes, Smbat throws himself into the drilling of his army; the Armenian military expands as the King personally oversees the drilling of Armenian soldiers. Notably, the King conceives a new method of organizing spearmen to counter the cavalry tactics of the Muslim nations - by arranging the spearmen in a hollow square and putting crossbowmen within, it offers both melee protection and ranged firepower. However, logistical difficulties and the inadequate drilling of the Armenian army make the formation impractical for battlefield use at this time.
 * Principality of Gordyene: The Principality's outlying farm settlements - particularly those in the vulnerable Nineveh Plains region - suffer raids from nomads of unknown origin; in response, Prince Levon begins organizing the militia of the mostly-Assyrian regions outside the capital, improving the Gordian military. To fund this military buildup, the Prince imposes a tax on all his non-Christian subjects for the right to worship freely - a thoroughly unpopular move, and one that actually lowers the province's population. The Kurdish emigration from Gordyene to Ardalan accelerates rapidly, while the non-Christian Arabs face increasing pressure to convert; as a result, a very narrow majority of Gordyene's population is now Christian, as roughly 45,000 of the only 89,000 Gordians are now professing Christians (of varying loyalties).
 * Principality of Adiabene: As reports of unrest and radicalism within the Mamluk Sultanate spread eastward, a concerned Prince Gabro Barsohdo approves a request from the city's growing Assyrian community to expand the number of slots in the Adiabenite guard for Assyrian officers and sergeants, displacing a few of the Georgians previously occupying these positions. These new officers possess local knowledge superior to their Georgian counterparts, and the ensuing reduction in crime and unrest stabilizes the Principality, improving the Adiabenite military. While the return of Assyrians to their "ancestral homeland" has largely stalled, conversion efforts in the Principality have started bearing fruit, as 55,000 of the 121,000 Adiabenites now profess to follow Christianity. The Prince plans to redouble these efforts, aiming to achieve a Christian majority in the province within the next five years.
 * Principality of Ardalan: Prince Helo, facing a significant influx of Muslim Kurds fleeing alleged persecution in Gordyene, orders the expansion of Kirkuk's insufficient sanitation and water-refining capabilities to house his new citizens, expanding Ardalan's infrastructure. 10 years remain until the Principality of Ardalan is returned to Mesopotamian suzerainty.
 * Venetian Trade: Large amounts of Candian wines, olive oil, pungent cheeses and candied citron peels arrive on ships in Georgian ports, from Candia. Large amounts of Kaffan wines, crops and iron arrive on ships in Georgian ports, from Kaffa. Ships from Venice bring a variety of Venetian and other Mediterranean goods to the ports of Georgia. Various Georgian goods are brought by the Venetian traders and transported back to Candia, Kaffa and Venice.
 * Hamburg-Brunswick-Lüneburg: Influence on Bruchhausen (Turn Seven) and Lippe (Turn Six) continues. A joint Hamburg-Venetian voyage sails south down the coast of Africa, mapping it for future adventures. (Venice can write the rest). Relations remain tense with a separatist lowlands to the west, and an increasingly expansionist and influential Austria to the south and east. In one of the first public opinion polls, the majority of Hamburgers are more concerned about Austria. With the declining state of the Hanseatic League, Hamburg petitions to join the North Sea Trade Alliance, and wishes to further develop relations with non-HRE states. A young, local artist named Heinrich Volkard, paints his first masterpiece, Rising Sun on the River Elbe, depicting a sunrise over Hamburg with the Elbe River in the foreground. More merchant ships are built, though money for more construction is questioned. Efforts to unite Hamburg and Brunswick-Lüneburg continue.
 * NSTA (North Sea Trade Alliance) D: Henry Shonberg of the NSTA is willing to offer Hamburg a line of credit with the Bank of England as a part of an increased effort to strengthen Albionic-Hamburger relations. (Henry is also sent by the King to discuss growing concerns over the HRE and perhaps talks of military support should the need arise. SECRET)
 * Venetian Trade: Ships from Venice bring a variety of Venetian and other Mediterranean goods to the ports of Hamburg. Various Hamburger goods are brought by the Venetian traders and transported back to Venice.
 * The Kingdom of England (member state of the Kingdoms of Greater Albion): English military and navy are expanded with many new war cogs being added to the English Fleets. The World Exploration Council continues to expand influence after the massive success of the African Trade delegations. Further exploration and perhaps the formation of a trade outpost are considered for the future. King Edward IV continues to push for English to be used as the primary language at the court. Prince Edmund travels to Venice to see the Republic post-civil war. North Sea trade is almost completely dominated by the North Sea Trading Alliance (Holland, and Albion mostly). The UNC are extended the offer of joining the North Sea Trade Alliance as a full member. Nordic and English culture continues to blend, with stories of the mythical Norse gods becoming popular reading among the wealthy segments of the population. Scotland is influenced for the sixth year. The government commissions the construction of a second place of residence for the King in York. Pope Miguel I travels to Constantinople to discuss the schism. Hamburg, Munster and Ulster are accepted into the NSTA.
 * ​Dublin: The port is expanded. Crown Trading establishes its Irish headquarters. Military is upgraded as well as the navy. The Royal Bank of England establishes its Eire HQ. Further trade occurs with Munster and Ulster. Dublin begins a massive renovation of the city with its newfound wealth.
 * Wales: The Welsh military and navy are expanded. The Welsh begin to see the fruits of all the English banking investments as large areas of the nation see improvements in infrastructure. Representation in the Albion Parliament increases as a minor population boom in and around Cardiff begins.
 * Venetian Diplomacy: With the Prince visiting Venice, the Doge gives him a gift of books with Venetian knowledge on government, trade and economics. A request is made to continue the services of the Roscol Bank in England as well as to allow the finsihing of the construction of the Roscol House and the resumption of the permanent militaristic, diplomatic and trade relationship between Venice and Albion.
 * Venetian Trade: Ships from Venice bring a variety of Venetian and other Mediterranean goods to the southern and western ports of Albion. Various Albion goods are brought by the Venetian traders and transported back to Venice.
 * Albionic Dip: Venice is of course permitted to finish the Roscol House and the Roscol Bank is permitted to remain in Albion, though in a more limited capacity due to the growth of the Bank of England. The Prince thanks Venice for the collection of books. All pervious alliance agreements with the Venetian Republic shall be resumed.
 * NSTA Trade: The NSTA thanks Venice for the continued trade and increases trade further between the NSTA nations and Venice. A separate European trade organization is considered with the nations of Castile, Venice and Albion (and all member kingdoms therein).
 * Venetian Diplomacy: The Doge thanks Albion for its wisdom in allowing the Roscol Bank to remain and promises they will not regret it. The Doge also is glad that Albion remains one of Venice's most steadfast allies. When the idea of a pan-continental trade alliance between Castile, Venice and Albion is suggested the Doge becomes eager for further talks.
 * Venetian Business: The Roscol Bank in England begins to focus on investment, specifically offering investment to masters of various crafts as well as traders. Loans are given to fund enterprises although only in the city of London has the Roscol Bank to implement branches elsewhere yet.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire continues to increase trade and protect its citizens. Talks about healing the schism continue. All shipyards in the Empire are completed, and now host navies. The population of Constantinople continues to rise. The Empire supports Naples in its war with Savoy, citing historical issues with Savoy as well as the nation's refusal to respect the treaty it signed with Naples and the Empire.
 * Venetian Diplomacy: The Doge offers the Byzantines to form a Trade League with Venice, called the Mediterranean Trade League, so that they may further prosper from trade in the Mediterranean.
 * Venetian Trade: Large amounts of salted fish, feta cheese, wool, goats meat arrive on ships in Roman ports, from the Epirote Free Ports. Large amounts of olive oil and wine arrives in trade caravans in the Roman Peloponnese, from the Venetian Peloponnese. Large amounts of Candian wines, olive oil, pungent cheeses and candied citron peels arrive on ships in Roman ports, from Candia. Large amounts of Kaffan wines, crops, iron and Kaffan salt arrive on ships in Roman ports, from Kaffa. Large amounts of lignite, iron, nickel and marble arrive on ships in Roman ports, from Negroponte. Ships from Venice bring a variety of Venetian and other Mediterranean goods to the ports of the Roman Empire. Various Roman goods are brought by the Venetian traders and transported back to Epirus, Venetian Peloponnese, Candia, Kaffa, Negroponte and Venice.
 * Albionic Dip: Albion declares it will send support and aid to Rome should any circumstances warrant it. The Pope of the Western European Church will meet with the patriarchs and the Roman Pope.
 * Novgorod: We continue the production of Koch boats, cannons, hand cannons, advanced crossbows, swords, and composite bows, increasing our military capabilities in case of war. The nation’s training and advancement of military continues. We are producing our new crossbow, and we send the first 50 crossbows to Mecklenburg to test out and the other 250 to test in our nation. We expand north (by 14 pixels) into undiscovered land. The recent classes of Koch ships are being manufactured in Novgorod. The town of St Patriksburg’s population grows a bit more that last year. As the construction of the town improves, the Kremlin finishes, trade becoming more in demand, the town gains slightly. Because of the trade road built with Tver our economy increases. We are still talking about the possible unification of the Rus’ with Muscovy. The Russian language is spreading throughout the nation. After seeing a great success with the private schools in the City of Novgorod, St Patriksburg, Staraya Russa, and Nizhny Novgorod. We start building another private school in Rostov and Yaroslavl. We complete building private schools in Torzhok and a private school in Staraya Ladoga. In the year 1445, we will annex Rostov and Yaroslavl into Novgorod. We vassalized Tver, and we are looking to annex Tver in the year 1445.
 * Tver: We complete the construction of the private school in Tver and we start the new one. We upgrade our military after being a vassal of Novgorod. We upgrade our economy because of the trade established between Yaroslavl, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod.
 * Yaroslavl: We complete the construction of the private school in Yaroslavl and we start the new one. We upgrade our military after being a vassal of Novgorod. We upgrade our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod.
 * Rostov: We completed the construction of the private school in Rostov and start the new one. We upgrade our military after being a vassal of Novgorod. We upgrade our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Yaroslavl, Muscovy and Novgorod.
 * Venetian Trade: Ships from Venice bring a variety of Venetian and other Mediterranean goods to the ports of Novgorod. Various Novgorod goods are brought by the Venetian traders and transported back to Venice.
 * Novgorod Diplomacy: We allow the Venetian merchants to travel through our nation and recommend them to travel to the Grand Duchy of Moscow, for more exclusive goods.
 * Mongol Khanate: We start planting farms and start making crossbows for war. We increase our economy as we trade with the towns to the north. We recruit men and start mining for gunpowder in the eastern area of our territory. We start making schools for our next generation of leaders and to educate children about inventing.
 * Kingdom of Naples: King Ladislaus I continues the reforms, and improves the economy and the military. Continues the construction and improvement of shipyards, and production of new boats to combat in the Mediterranean. Territorial defense continues being built based on border forts. The relation with the Byzantine Empire continue strong. The Naval Academy in Taranto continues the technological research with Venice. The King of Naples continues to give new impetus to the culture within the kingdom and its vassal states, in art, science, etc. The policy of rapprochement toward Sicily continue, and also our influence on the island for future vassalization. In dynastic news: Prince Charles, 22, is looking for a wife. Also we refuse Anne, the daughter of Emperor Albert V, from Charles, but we hope she can be free to young Prince Robert, 16. Princess Joanna, 17, is ready to travel to Castile. And Princess Elisabeth, also 17 is free for marriage. In response of the Savoyard betrayal, we declare war on them to protect our vassal Genoa.
 * Grand Duchy of Tuscany: Improves the economy and the military. The economic prosperity of the previous years is accented with commercial junction providing Naples and Genoa, and the city of Florence is the commercial nexus among all the Neapolitan states. Frederick I helps promote economic prosperity, gives incentives to help manufacturing output grow, and improve access roads to make the trade more fluid and profitable. The army is formed to the image of the Neapolitan, with gradual use of new firearms that become quite popular. The Grand Duke Frederick I became a great patron and the Tuscan nobles soon follow this particular policy. The artists, protected and maintained by the nobles and bourgeois rising, unleash their creativity. The "Republic of Pisa" is crushed under the armies of Naples, Tuscany, Ferrara and Modena, the leader of this revolt are executed and all their land confiscated. We declare war on Savoy.
 * Duchy of Genoa: Improves the economy and the military. The Duchy of Genoa continues trading from the Black Sea to the Straits of Gibraltar, using new models of ships with cargo holds of more spacious and allow greater profit. With the help of Neapolitan military fleet, try to force richest commercial rights in Tunisian ports. In Genoa the boom in production of luxury items continue. The pressure of the Genoese traders in Tunis is growing, and combined with the presence of Christian missionaries, who at the same time serve commercial spies; is accomplished the capture of a lot of exotic products that are not easy to get due to the conflicts and trade barriers in the Near East, and the axis between Tunis and Genoa is strengthened. The Genoese economy restarts his golden age. We declare war on Savoy.
 * Duchy of Ferrara: Improves the economy and the military. The paper industry is forging ahead, and also the making of looms, making this duchy in one of the most productive in northern Italy. Duke Niccolo I continue the loyal service to Naples. We declare war on Savoy.
 * Duchy of Corsica: Improves the economy and the military. The exploitation of salt mines and silver continues. In the same way, the vine crops increase in extension and quality, and the manufacture of wine each year improves in quality and quantity, and is recognized as the best European wine. On the island of Corsica a boom of mercenaries continues. The Neapolitan army started recruiting many Corsicans, making them a legend in terms of ferocity and skill in the skirmishes and battles. We declare war on Savoy.
 * Marquisate of Modena: Improves the economy and the military. Niccolo is dedicated to art and culture, encouraging painters, sculptors and architects that embellish this little Marquisate, leading Italian opulence to a new level. Marquis Niccolo I continues the loyal service to Naples. We declare war on Savoy.
 * Principality of Zeta: Improves the economy and the military. Dairy cattle production increases, and in the same way the manufacture of better quality cheese, they continue to be exported to Italy, Hungary and Byzantium. The Prince Giovanni I continue the cultural boom. Vassalization of Berat continue. We declare war on Savoy.
 * Vatican City: The new Pope Gregory XII continue the campaign of evangelization in the lands of the Balkans. Missionaries continue to be sent to support the Order of St John, and a special group of these is working in North Africa, especially in Tunisia, where they try to recover the core of Christians. The Pope like his predecesor condemns all those who come to the false churches that are being created in Europe. The Pope Gregory XII in his speeches also continue condemning the current lack of security of pilgrims traveling to the Holy Land, which the Christian nations have a priority to recover these places and they are missing to the will of God.
 * County of Provence: The reform of the administration continues, adapting the Neapolitan model which has had so much success. Improves economy through trade, and manufacturing cloth. The military camp is also improved, adding new equipment and Italian military ideas. We declare war on Savoy.
 * Duchy of Anjou: As in Provence, the Duchy transformation is performed. The economy and military improve. We declare war on Savoy.
 * Alencon: The economy and military improve. We declare war on Savoy.
 * Narbonne: The economy and military improve. We declare war on Savoy.
 * Vendome: The economy and military improve. We declare war on Savoy.
 * Venetian Trade: Large amounts of Corfiot wine and olive oil arrive on ships in Neapolitan Ports, from Corfu. Ships from Venice bring a variety of Venetian and other Mediterranean goods to the ports of Naples. Large amounts of salted fish, feta cheese, wool and goat meat arrive on ships in Neapolitan ports, from the Epirote Free Ports. Various Neapolitan goods are brought by the Venetian traders and transported back to Corfu, Epirus and Venice.
 * PrussiaThe Prussians continue the process of vassalizing Courland. The conversion process picks up, especially on the pagans and the Catholics. The endless supply of condescending criticism coming from Rome does not endear them to anyone.
 * Masovia: The Kingdom of Masovia also continues recovering their economy, and continues building a new national army. The Masovians continue construction of their capital at Czersk. The Masovians also begin converting to the Western Church.
 * Pomerania: The Pomeranians continue building their economy and continue building a new national army. The Pomeranians also begin converting to the Western Church.
 * Venetian Trade: Ships from Venice bring a variety of Venetian and other Mediterranean goods to the ports of Prussia. Various Prussian goods are brought by the Venetian traders and transported back to Venice.
 * France: The military and navy are built up, the vassalage of Limoges and Armagnac begins, Continues establishing its own entity to deal with the religious crisis left by the schism. While this, Prince Louis turns ten and continues attending a renowned school in Paris learning about politics and theology, navy experience a huge boost due to trade with North Africa through St Marie d'Africa. The alliance with Austria is reviewed, but for now France states neutrality is their best policy.
 * Venetian Trade: Ships from Venice bring a variety of Venetian and other Mediterranean goods to the ports of France. Various French goods are brought by the Venetian traders and transported back to Venice.


 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up. The same choice made by the French is taken by the Burgundians as they feel the same way to France. Burgundy is reluctant to do as Brabant-Hainaut-Holland desires and says it will consider it.
 * Flanders: Military and navy are built up, economy expands.
 * Blois: Military, economy expand.
 * Dunois: Military and economy expand.
 * Angouleme: Military and economy expand.
 * Parthenay: Military and economy expand.
 * Perigord: Military and economy expand.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy expand.
 * Orleans: Military and economy expand.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up.
 * Berry: Military and economy are built up.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Auvergne: Military and economy are built up.
 * Forez: Military and economy are built up.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up.
 * Portugal continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Leiname. Meanwhile, the colony in Santa Maria expands by 200 sq km. Meanwhile, Leonor de Castro gives birth to a boy, who is named Afonso. He dies some days after his birth.
 * Venetian Trade: Kaffan salt arrives on ships in Portguese ports, from Athens. Ships from Venice bring a variety of Venetian and other Mediterranean goods to the ports of Portugal. Various Portugese goods are brought by the Venetian traders and transported back to Athens and Venice.
 * ​ Mayan Empire: A small fleet of ships sails off the coast to locate a band of pirates that have been raiding our fishing. Sacrificing to God begins to earn their favour. As we build up the military, we request an alliance with the Zapotec.
 * Venetian Republic:
 * In Veneto: The Venetian Revival Continues The Arsenal of Coixa enters its penultimate year of construction with it being set to finish next year. Resources are gathered to prepare the stock for the dry run. The new Venetian Fleet asserts its dominance over trade in the Mediterranean once more. However, seeing the growing power of the Northern Trade Alliance sees an opportunity in the south. The Hamburg-Venetian voyage sails past the Cape of Bojador, and they become the first peoples to sail and map the area beyond it. There are aims to sail even farther south towards the nations of the Central African Plains. However, for the moment they must work their way around the coast. The embassy in Constantinople, after observing the volume of trade that is recorded by the Byzantines and the capacity of their trade influence, encourages the Doge to write to the Byzantines about it. The Doge offers the Byzantines to form a Trade League with Venice, called the Mediterranean Trade League, so that they may further prosper from trade in the Mediterranean. The Venetian Navy reasserts trade power in the north, reopening trade routes that had closed since the civil war. Venetian ships reach as far as Novgorod and one even makes it back from a precarious voyage to Iceland although more of them wreck in the sea. Giovanni Bonmont (OTL Johannes Gutenberg) continues to work in Venice on various enterprises. Ragusa is being vassalised (turn three of three, doing this as it seems I do not own Ragusa but have been doing the interaction for two turns already), seeing themselves being surrounded by foreign states that threaten their hold on the Republic of Ragusa, Venice pledges to protect the republic from foriegn invasion in return for vassalage at the cost of submiting to the Venetian reforms but will in return grant all the nobles favourable positions in the reforms, they accept although cautiously. Eco-turn
 * In Porto Tolle: Trade continues to flow to Naples and Milan, Porto Tolle gains in population as people flee the internal wars of Naples hoping to start again the Republic of Venice which is seen as more stable.
 * In Istra: The peoples of Istra work closely with the Hungarians and offer them a trade agreement that would grant the Hungarians favourable status in the region and allow Istran goods to penetrate Hungarian markets. Various goods leave the nation for Hungary and Venice, such as lime, cement, bricks and stone as well as these wine unique to the region known as Terrano wine is sold almost exclusively in Hungary and Venice.
 * In the Epirote Free Ports: More artisans arrive in Titani and Preveza. However, few arrive in Saranda. Worried about falling behind, the city begins constructing a school to train artisans, it'll take three years. The crafted goods are shipped to Venice for trade elsewhere. Salted fish, feta cheese, wool and goat meat are traded particularly this year with the Ottomans, Romans and Naples.
 * In the Peloponnese: Argos continues renovations and the Peloponnese trade fleet takes products from the local area to the Hungarians in the west, garnering a reasonable profit.
 * In Attica: Marathon's port continues to be built. The local lords lead the two thousand to Marathon boosting the population and improving confidence in the capacity Marathon will operate in as a port.
 * Epirote Republic: The port of Filiates continues to be built while the construction of the road from the port to the capital is continued. The port still has three years of construction estimated to be left. Basic trade through the temporary port continues. The Epirote Republic begins vassalising Valona (turn one of MOD HELP), they send an envoy to contact the nobles and highlight the issue of the encroching Neapolitans to the north, promising them independence and not assimilation Epirus pledges to protect Valona from invasion. Eco-turn
 * Venetian Empire:
 * Candia: The renovation of the capitals infrastructure finishes this year, improving the health of the inhabitants with new, safer and cleaner plumbing, pathways, etc. The Candian fleet continues to provide stability around the coast. An interest in raising the size of the fleet is raised and a small tariff is levied on goods is instituted to fund this. More people migrate to Candia, taking up residence in the various lands that are being granted to immigrant families. Trade through Candia grows and Candian wines, olives and oil, pungent cheeses and candied citron peels are traded primarily this year with the Ottomans, Romans and Mamluks. However, Candian trade now also reaches Black Sea ports more regularly, stopping in Crimean, Wallachian and Georgian ports in particular. Eco-turn
 * Corfu: Work on the Corfiot forts continues, an end date is finally in sight as the masters announce that they will be finished in ten years (these are reasonably large forts). The Corfiot nobles return to Corfu and believe that they have secured a unique status for Corfu in the coming reforms. Corfiot wine and olive oil is traded through the Epirote Free Ports with Naples and Hungary. Eco-turn
 * Kaffa: Kaffa is reaching the end of its supply of spare land to encourage the heavy immigration, at current rates it is predicted that land will run out after next year. Kaffa the city is becoming a pivotal point in Black sea trade and Victor Borozzi hopes that it will become the Venice of the Black Sea. Another ten ships are purchased and added to the Kaffan Navy. Wines, crops and iron from Kaffa are traded to the Jochid Ulus, Byzantines (specifically the Byzantines in Crimea but the rest as well), Wallachians, Georgians and Ottomans, in order of trade volume. The Kaffa salt trade continues to make the region prosper and most of the salt trade ends up in Venice but also Constantinople. Eco-turn
 * Naxos: Many people flood to Naxos, which is afloat with wealth from the previous years tribute, and true enough the city of Naxos is becoming the Kings city with many benefitting from the vassal arrangement he sustains. Naxian traders sell fruits and cattle in Greece, the Ottoman coast and Constantinople. Several of the hospitalar groups pledge their support to the Doge, intrigued with his offers. Naxian merchants continue to work closely with their counterparts in Constantinople. Eco-turn
 * Aegina: Lacking any buyers, the Aegineans revert to trading with Athens and Candia. Due to the demand for food due to growth in population they manage to increase their profits on last year. Aegina starts to feel the effects of the immigration to Athens, as those who cannot make it in Athens come to Aegina to do simple field work. Eco-turn
 * Athens: As Bavarian traders begin to become more common in Athens, the Venetian Potensa offers Bavaria a trade deal that would allow Athenian goods and traders to penentrate the Bavarian markets and would give Bavaria highly favourable rights and subsidies in Athens. With the increased wealth, another two ships are added to the Athenian navy. Seeing greater profits in Portugal, three ships are sent there while one is sent to Kaffa. Kaffa salt is traded with Portugal to give them a taste of what trading with Athens could be like. Eco-turn
 * Negroponte: Mining continues at good levels supporting spending in the city. The interest on the state debt is paid. The city of Negroponte continues to benefit with artisans, masters and traders continuing to gather there. Negropontean lignite, iron, nickel and marble are traded with Venice almost exclusively. However, some Roman traders are given special dispensation to trade for some. Eco-turn
 * County of Oldenburg: Vassalisation of Osnabruck continues into its fourteenth year. Troops are lent to the Prince-Bishop as an act of good faith, and a gift of two hundred guilders is given to the episcopal treasury. Trade with the Bishopric also increases. In other news, the OHG goes on its first whaling and sealing expedition. The small fleet sails North to Iceland, and then on to Greenland. Quite a few whales are caught, and the company is able to sell their meat, blubber, oil and skin for considerable sums.
 * The United Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia: The banking industry continues to grow. Gunpowder weapons are also researched. Many new shops and workshops open in the trade cities along the coast. The university in Galati opens its doors to its first class of 37 students. Mining grows again as several new salt mines open, and more salt is traded with the Romans and Venetians.
 * Venetian Trade: Large amounts of Candian wines, olives and oil, pungent cheeses and candied citron peels arrive on ships in Wallachian and Moldavian ports, from Candia. Large amounts of Kaffan wines, crops and iron arrive on ships in Wallachian and Moldavian ports, from Kaffa. Ships from Venice bring a variety of Venetian and other Mediterranean goods to the ports of Wallachia and Moldavia. Various Wallachian and Moldavian goods are brought by the Venetian traders and transported back to Candia, Kaffa and Venice.
 * Japan (Ashikaga Clan): We fix up our roads and add outposts in different areas just to watch out for more enemies trying to attack us. We build up our economy by fixing trade routes to the Usegi state. Around our capital city we continue to build a giant fort - walls and towers that go around the whole city. Since war is over for now, we go back to rebuilding our first college of Japan. We increase our military by adding more troops to our borders. The Shogun asked the daughter of the Hatekeyama state to marry him. (Need mods to respond for this.) All the other state laders are ask to join the wedding if it happens. With this happening, the Shogun ask all the other state leaders if we can unify to one nation to protect ourselves from Ming China.
 * You attacked Hatekeyama, they have no reason to arrange a marriage with you
 * Bengal Sultanate: The decrease in taxes on the landed elite do their job in most areas of the Sultanate, decreasing the tax load on the peasantry and earning him their support. The tax cuts on the merchant class allow for more trade to be conducted, and a recent lax on some of the quota laws allows for more goods to be shipped from Bengal, greatly increasing trade income. Influence grows on Ahom and Koch, as we provide much of their food, and many of their other goods since they trade exclusively with us. The money gained from the trade continues to arm the various levies of the Sultanate, the landed elite, Orissa, and Arakan. Trade with the states of Ava, Koch, Garjat, and Ahom continues, with influence being placed through trade on Ava and Garjat. Cash crops continue to be grown in large amounts. The vassalization process continues on Aoch and Kohm (Year Eighteen). With our merchants traveling to Ava, Koch, Ahom and Arakan regularly, Islam continues to grow in their nations. Most all trade roads begin to see much-needed maintenance. The merchants that continually travel between Kohm, Aoch, and Ava continue to allow for some of the populations of those nations to continue to convert to Islam.   Due to trade with China and other Middle Eastern nations, cannon and hand cannon designs become more common, leading some of the richest landed elite to continue to outfit their levies with cannons and hand cannons. Due to Bengal having control over lands of multiple ethnicities and religions, literary works in the form of poems and epics begin to take influence from all three religions of the Sultanate.
 * Kingdom of Arakan: Due to their trade being controlled mainly by Bengal for many years, their vassalization by Bengal has allowed them to open up their ports to other nations, and serve as resting point for many Bengali traders. Due to the influx of Islamic merchants into Arakan, the entire population in Arakan begin to see many more conversions of their residents to Islam. Raja (King) Anuj Chandra Charmchi passes away from a combination of old age and a fever after being bedridden for several weeks. The son of the Bengali Sultan, Zulfiqar Padma Shah is given control of the Kingdom. Since he is only fourteen years old however, the country is technically run by a series of advisors, who are mainly Islamic, but some Buddhists also serve as advisors.
 * Emirate of Andamana: Mansoor Basil Amirmoez continues to reclaim land on the island to make room for farms, and to have timber for building both boats and houses. The Emirate expands another 500 km into the island. The ships built by the timber from the island help contribute to Bengali trade.
 * Rajya of Orissa: Unlike the other vassals of the Bengali Sultanate, Bhandudeva IV is kept farther away from the daily politics of controlling Orissa, relying mainly on Islamic advisors sent directly by the Bengal Sultan. The advisors quickly persuade Bhandudeva IV to allow the Muslims settlers in the northern part of the Rajya to hold land south of the previously agreed living space. The Sultan of Bengal forcibly lowers the price of owning property in Orissa for Muslims, outraging some of the Hindu population.
 * The Nation of the Oirats: Cement and iron increases in production. Iron weapons is now majorly used. More firearm smiths are built in Oskemen. More beer is fermented and it becomes a popular drink for the nomads. As we increase in population, we slowly target our expansion northward. We expand 20 px to the North. We speed up our expansion North and East towards Lake Baikal. After a magical being descending from the sky, saying that waste management system and schools are too advanced for us and coal is no use, we stop mining for coal and destroy our schools and waste management systems. The mod said this, I figured I'll make some humor. We start buying books from Ming dynasty and we begin to debate whether or not to adopt Chinese as our language.
 * Brabant-Hainaut-Holland: The military continues to build up as The General Estates move forward plans to separate from the Holy Roman Empire and it continues to request that the other netherlander states join them as the General Estates have the backing of several foriegn powers, and promise to protect Netherlander interests starting with a strong alliance and economic base within the region without having to worry about German Aggression will benefit all region. Trade and economy continue to grow. The Navy is expanded. A new expedition south is planned for 1435 this one aimed at finding the so called Congp region that traders have heard of. Reformists continue to spread the word of the cause throughout Western Europe.
 * Venetian Trade: Ships from Venice bring a variety of Venetian and other Mediterranean goods to the ports of the Netherlands. Various Netherlander goods are brought by the Venetian traders and transported back to Venice. (SECRET: Hidden amongst some of the vessels are Condottieri captains paid by Venice: mercenary soldiers skilled in the art of maneuvre warfare and trained in ancient arts of Roman warfare, sent to assist in the defence of the Netherlander alliance by acting as commanders and trainers)
 * Bavarian Dip: Heinrich XVI pledges to support Holland in whatever they wish to do. However, the Grand Duke also pleads the General Estates to pursue a peaceful political transition.
 * B-H-H dip: We promise that we will try to resolve this matter peacefully. However, we will not back down if the other states try to enforce their will upon us.
 * Ming China continues to reform. The Xuande Emperor continues the policy of seeking "wen" (knowledge) over "wu" (violence). However, that does not mean that the military is neglected. However, he replaced many powerful figures with others of lesser birthright but great capabilities. Minor revolts spring up due to this policy but the majority of the population is happy with the change. It also lessens corruption greatly. The naval facilities in the ChangJiang are expanded. Korea, Qara Del, Haixi and Tainan expand their economies. Lao Xing is influenced further and relations with the Emperor, Kyushu and Vietnam grow warmer and warmer.
 * Sicily improves its infrastructure.
 * Castile:  The Castilian economy continues a larger process of pulling in more money through trade. The Castilians begin to send missionaries into Morocco in hopes to convert populations. The infrastructure of Castile is also expanded more. Castile, in order to facilitate more conversions to Christianity, imposes higher taxes on non-Christians in the areas it controls personally or by proxy through its vassals. Castile has successfully mapped large parts of the African coast south of Morocco and down as far as their settlements in Capo Verde. The developing class in Castile of skilled artisans, merchants, blacksmiths and the like has led to a large increase in productivity of the country with even a few researchers managing to work on new designs - including a more efficient hand cannon which gets its own dedicated corps in the developing Royal army of Castile. The Castilian noblity begins to adapt toward a newer system to revamp or work on their power as they move toward becoming advisors to the king and less involved in their feudal estates which while growing have developed Guilds to facilitate payments for the efforts of the men working, The expert worksmanship of many of these men has seen notable increase in productivity for each feudal state with most lords not complaining. The Kingdom's cities begin to be improved with somewhat better sanitation and the King hires architects to plan out a sewer system, as well as a true plan for multiple major cities. Castile begins a major process of researching the arquebus acquired and develops its own version which is used to replace the hand cannons which is finally finished. The Castilian navy, using the Canaries as a base, continually explore the area and discover a new island chain, the closest island is able to be settled and a small settlement springs up on the islands and is built up and styled as a resupply base. (1000 sq km). The population of Castile officially reaches about nine million and continuing to grow rapidly thanks to a sharp increase in agricultural production. The construction of a new kind of warship with cannons is completed. A heavy warship much more powerful than most other ships of the time. King John's wife is killed during a situation involving a disease and while in grief, he begins looking for a new wife.
 * ​ Naples Dip: Princess Joanna, 17, is ready to travel to Castile.
 * Granada: The Christianization of Granada continues in earnest with a more sizeable converted population working its way through the country. The Emir, however, remains secretly Christian and begins hiring a few Castilian advisors who are wholly more competent than many of the Granadan advisors. The country also begins to see some issues with its settlement in Morocco with many of them being Christian Castilians or converts. The Granadans continue to show more Christianization processes occurring with a viable expanding population of Christians living in the border towns and churches springing up in various areas across the country. The country begins to show promising signs of real economic advancement. The population of true Castilians in the country begins to increase to rival the native Granadans as many of the Muslims have left the area due to the unfavorable atmosphere of the country. The Nation of Granada has now Christianized somewhat considerably with a real large minority of Christians existing within the country's borders. The Emir, however, managed to maintain a favorable position with both denominations and hold the country together effectively through careful management.
 * Kingdom of the Canaries: Now granted a semi-autonomous status from Castile the Canaries begin to work up their economy to a certain degree greatly utilizing the traders from Portugal as well as the new route to Oyo, and the trade from the Mediterranean. The Canaries are able to build upon the multiple viable settlements and a moderately sized and growing population. The Canaries, finally completely covering the islands, begins to send moderately sized fleets that are resupplied from the islands and from Castile to continually explore the area. The Canaries help supply settlers and fleets moving to Capo Verde.
 * Kingdom of Cyprus: Cyprus is taken over by Castile as per the Knights Hospitaller's wishes with the 10,000 Castilian troops of the Royal army and around 3000 Cyprisian troops being raised in defence of the new kingdom. The King previously declared in Larnaca is declared over all of Cyprus and with the expansion to secure all the Island he begins to rebuild the shattered kingdom with funding from the Hospitaller and mostly Castile. The Kingdom specifically works on the training of a new professional army as well as economic improvement with the assistance of Castile. The Branch of the Knights Hospitaller in Cyprus reset up by the branch from Rhodes develop into part of the island kingdoms defence forces with their connections to a branch in Castile helping boost a trade flow to the island. The Knights also allow the migration of any willing knights from Rhodes to Cyprus to keep the kingdom and its new force stable and alive as a professional organization. The Kingdom itself does remain mostly loyal to Castile with the area becoming an economic hub for Castile and hence highly profitable for Cyprus.
 * Venetian Trade: Ships from Venice bring a variety of Venetian and other Mediterranean goods to the ports of Castile, Granada, Canaries and Cyprus. Various Castilian, Granadan, Canarian and Cypriot goods are brought by the Venetian traders and transported back to Venice.
 * (Just to let you guys know, my lack of editing in recent history is not due to disinterest, but rather due to my travels ... I am currently in France, and was mistaken in thinking that I could edit more frequently ... also to clarify, my post about the Chinese printing press just meant that one of my merchants that went there through the Indian Ocean trade network SAW one, and then decided that it could be useful if it used Cyrilic letters to do many more things ... so without further ado ...) The Pskovian Inventor (Placeholder from Printing press guy) goes in front of the Pskovian Veche to ask permission to set up a printing office in Pskov for his prototype movable type machine ... and ask for a contract to print the code of law, of course ... but fails to convince them of the machine's validity - let alone existence. Looks like he will have to do this with his own capital ... in any case, Pskov works on improving its economic ties with Novgorod, who is increasing economic ties with Muscovy, and sends many traders there to engage in trade with the government, which in turn gives the Pskovians much money. The Pskovians officialy inaugurate their first bank, the Bank of the Pskov treasury, and the Pskovian treasury Mint, and the Veche votes to institute a new system of measure with the intention of creating a new standard of weights and measures. The new Pskovian currrency is now defined as the Pskovian zolotnik, equivalent to 5.3175 g of gold, or 1.5 ducats (equivalent to 3.545 g of 99.5% pure), with the profile of the Prince of Pskov and the words the (name), Po Zhilaniu Veche Knyaz Pskovskiy ([name] By the will of the Veche Prince of Pskov) on the obverse and the Pskov seal and the year on the reverse, This new Bank is equipped with a currency exchange and will license the right to exchange for a prince, in a bid to raise government income. The zolotnik is subdivided into 20 rubles, each equivalent to about 16 grams of silver, and each dolia divided into (20 copper hryvnias, and a hryvnia equivalent to about 797.625 grams, and each hryvnia divided into 10 hryvnaya dolias (approx 80 g coins of copper). The Pskovain Bank and mint go straight away to try to release new measures and scales and convert their currency into the new coins ... which they hope will spread across Russia, they also want to mint them by more precise means than currently ... anyway, I shall do a new article about this system. I used 1 gold = ~60 silver, 1 silver = ~50 copper using the current prices of 1 oz of gold ~ $1000 and 1 oz silver = ~ $16 and 1 oz copper = ~$0.33.
 * New measure system (mass)
 * 3 zolotnik = 1 ruble
 * 50 rubles = 150 zolotnik = 1 hryvnia
 * 5 rubles = 15 zolotnik =1 hryvnaya dolya = 0.1 hryvnia
 * Muscovite Diplomacy: We refuse to have a currency to replace one that is already uniform in the Rus'. However, if this mint converts to producing the ruble and production of the Pskovian Veche halts and is permanently ceased, Dmitri I will grant the Prince of Pskov the honor of managing the treasury of Muscovy and the minting of the ruble, for the Rus'. However, all investments and transactions must be consulted with the Grand Duke of Moscow.
 * A question i would like to ask is: what is a ruble? I know it is the name, but what does it actually mean ... I have two goals, 1. I am trying to put actual numerical value to the currencies used in Russia, and as I understand it the ruble is a silver coin, as silver was the most common currency at that time ... so Russia has no gold coin, that is one thing I am adding, and 2. make the zolotnik and ruble reliable and acceptable currency as it is based on strict equivalencies in a measure system ... so it is as reliable as the Venetian ducat, and worth a bit more as an incentive to use Russian currency, thus making Russia more money. But other than that, I am interested in your proposal ... I shall try to find you in the chat ...
 * Actually, during this time the ruble wasn't made yet 'til the 1500s. So actually, there is no official currency in the Rus' other than regular ducats and gold coins. So ignore that one part in my offer about cancelling the currency you plan to create.  Flag of Romania.svgToţi în unu; Nihil Sine DeoFlag of Romania.svg
 * The Mamluk Sultanate, under Sultan al-Mansur Mostafa Hazem, begins to crack down on its vassals, which are constantly in a state of civil war, or so it appears to the Mamluk citizens. As a result, and with the fall of Zeila and Muscat in the Red Sea Civil War, he declares the official merger of Socotra and Ifat and the merger of Oman and Yemen. In the Meccan conflict, he declares that the Amir will be given control of all of Mecca except for the city's religious center, which shall operate under the Caliph as the the Ka'aba District. The Amir will also be annexed into the main state, also. He continues the growth of the navy's set of caravels and frigates, and the new trading corporations continue with the wave of discoveries. The Swahili Trade and Exploration Company (STEC) launches yet another mission, this time reaching the Kongo. Meanwhile, the Indian Association of Free Arab Traders and Merchants (IAFATM) reaches Brunei. Saadiq Assaf continues to expand upon his ideas about Islam, which are accepted more and more as the Caliph was overthrown. All Burji states grow militarily due to both reforms of the military and the continuation of gunpowder technology.
 * ​al-Sumal expands 10,000 sq km as Mogadishu continues to gain large market shares of slaves, ivory and gold. al-Swahili continue to finalize the influence of Malindi while more and more ethnic Arabs move to the eastern coast of Africa, due to the prosperous trade taking place in that region. STEC continues to play a huge role in the region. The conversion of natives of Madagascar continues, based out of Sanafah from which the efforts are based. Tribal leaders from the south of the island begin to visit Sanafah to learn Arabic in order to organize their own states.
 * Cicilia continues construction of a large navy in order to assist with the Sultan's plans to control Eastern Mediterranean trade. Nubia's Emir dies, and his son officially declares unification of Nubia and the Sultanate. Nubia is 95% Muslim, and 65% Arab. Oman and Yemen, which were merged, is now called Arabia, and the new state expands 10,000 sq km. Socotra, which is now in control of Ifat, is content to rule the two states as a personal union. Ifat and Socotra both grow 10,000 sq km. The Ka'aba District welcomes the Sultan of the Ottomans. We also remind the Sultan that he must travel to Jerusalem and Cairo to complete the official Hajj, as dictated by the Caliph in 1407.
 * Venetian Trade: Large amounts of Candian wines, olives and oil, pungent cheeses and candied citron peels arrive on ships in Mamluk ports, from Candia. Ships from Venice bring a variety of Venetian and other Mediterranean goods to the ports of the Mamluks. Various Mamluk goods are brought by the Venetian traders and transported back to Candia and Venice.
 * Mesopotamia also continues to recover from its invasion. Mesopotamia, which was hit much harder than the Sultanate proper, has more physical reconstruction to complete, leading to repairs in the city of Mosul, which is matched by progress made in Baghdad, to make sure the capital does not fall behind. Basra is nearing integration more and more, as the cultures, religions, and ethnicities of both Mesopotamian states are very similar.
 * The Jochid Ulus grows northward by 5000 sq km, assimilating more Samoyed chieftains into a settled manner. A new civilian province, Yamalia, is born; its civilian administration is divided between Udmurt burghers and Nenets fur trappers. This territory in Yamalia continues to grow as extremely high birth rates occur amongst the Nenets population. High birth rates also occur in the rest of the nation, with Sarai having doubled its population in these 25 years, and cities such as Obran-Osh and Qazan reaching the 5000 inhabitants milestone The economy grows due to these larger populations, with crops continue to grow at an all-time high. Trade techniques that are common to the Middle East begin being applied in the steppes of Kalmykia by the Aramaic refugees, with New Mosul growing as a large city of the Horde. The Ruthenian traders also receive a huge trade surplus, leading to an incredibly large influx of Tatars, Mordvins and Assyrians to the region. In the west, trade booms again, especially with Caffa, Muscowy and the Roman Empire. The military is also expanded, as more hand gonnes are acquired. It is estimated one in every 1000 soldiers have a hand gonne. The second and third fleets of the Horde, the Temür-Hachiun and as the population grows, especially in the east around Lake Baljash, the Ulus' force begins to grow, with influence on the Chagatai Khanate being exerted. The Mastorava continues to grow across the nation; even Christians in Ruthenia and the Kalmyk plains begin adopting it as a book of prayer. The first ideals of polyprosopic faith continue to grow, especially around Mari ethnic areas. While the cult is extremely heterogeneous, some unified tendencies, such as a single group of prayers, mostly based on Christian prayer (although deeply modified). Temür-Hachiun marries a Mordovan lady of Obran-Osh, called Erzjamasson, who is pregnant by the end of the year. Ïdegay, Shadi Beg's only surviving son, dies mysteriously after the announcement of pregnancy. Relations are improved with the Rus' states, as well as with Scandinavia, the Ottoman Empire, Georgia and the Timurid Empire.
 * The Principality of Great Perm grows as its economy increases. Kolvakvar and Cherdyn both grow, and new cities throughout the nation bloom. Christianity and Islam battle each other for the dominant religion's status. However, Christianity is larger. Merchants from Great Perm begin to expand their reach throughout the areas of Russia, and secretly continue teaching Komi to many children in the east of Novgorod. This is not known by either Perm or Novgorod.
 * The Principality of Adyghea expands by 2000 sq km into Adyghe and Ossete territory. Adyghea's fortified plazas grow, as they become small cities and towns; this increases the national economy. Prince As'lan dies and is replaced by his son, As'lan II.
 * Kaffan Diplomacy: Kaffa offers to allow a reasonable amount of salt trade with the Jochid Ulus in return for extended trade rights and subsidies.
 * Venetian Trade: Large amounts of wines, crops and iron arrive on ships in the ports of the Jochid Ulus. Ships from Venice bring a variety of Venetian and other Mediterranean goods to the ports of the Jochid Ulus. Various goods of the Jochid Ulus are brought by the Venetian traders and transported back to Kaffa and Venice.
 * Timurid Empire: We continue the Islamization of our vassals. We continue influencing the Chagatai Khanate (Year Four out of 17). We finish influencing Jaunpur (Year Three out of Three) We continue working on the development of roads from Kandahar toward India. As Draka's twins turn 15, Draka begins planning the splitting of his Empire on both his son and his daughter, although his daughter would marry a noble.
 * Bahamani Sultanate : We work on our economy and infrastructure. The Islamization continues in our lands.
 * Jaunpur Sultanate: We work on our trade relations with neighbouring Indian nations and Islamization starts in our nation.
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Landshut expands its military. Heinrich XVI begins petitioning the lords of Bamberg, being able to successfully vassalize Bamberg. In other news, the population continues to rise. Heinrich and his council continue to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with thirty large carracks being finished, and by 1432 a trade route is put in place. Such important places in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany. The planned market center in Landshut continues to be developed, with completion expected in five years. Heinrich XVI allocates power to his councillors in figuring out a new church or any new Western church to join. In dynastic news, Heinrich XVI observes how most of the Pfalz nobility supports an independent, non-Bavarian state. However, the Grand Duke begins establishing relations with the few noblemen who do support him. In religious news, Heinrich opens up the country to the Hollander reformists and preachers, noting that the Reformation from the west is a good answer to the current schism and would be a suitable replacement. Subsequently, a small group of dedicated Reformists arise in Munchen. By 1432, they become a prominent group within the city. Many Catholics are disturbed. In other news, Heinrich XVI continues to press Bavaria's claim on Burgau and deploys several hundred troops to the area. However, Heinrich is somewhat willing to accept Austria's sovereignty over Oettingen, only if sovereignty of Burgau is rightfully transferred to Burgau. Heinrich also accepts the Venetian Doge's gift of 1000 troops to help enforce Bavaria's claim on Burgau.
 * ​Munchen: The main campus of Queen Isabell University is completed, and the beginning courses include French, Latin, English, and Greek as well as theology, clergy training and mathematics being taught. By 1431, the total class amounts to about 1210 people. Troops authorized by Heinrich XVI continue training. Several markets are constructed in Munchen as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Heinrich XVI continue training. Several markets are constructed in Straubing as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Heinrich XVI continue training. Several markets are constructed in Ingolstadt as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Heinrich XVI continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Heinrich XVI continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Heinrich XVI continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Oettingen: Troops authorized by Heinrich XVI continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Venetian Trade: Trade caravans from Venice bring a variety of Venetian and other Mediterranean goods to the markets of Bavaria. Various Bavarian goods are brought by the Venetian traders and transported back to Venice.
 * ​Munster: King Eamon continues to build up respect as a good ruler amongst his vassals and other Irish lords. Some vessels begin going farther south, into areas in Africa, mostly Castilian Gibraltar, but some people wonder what lies in the interior of the continent, as we have travelled to West Africa. Some ships make it to Oyo, and we ask to open formal trade relations with Oyo. King Eamon marries Mary of England, and professes to join the Western Catholic Church. However, many reactionaries see it as the end of a Roman Catholic and Norman-ruled Ireland. As such, sentiments arise amongst the nobility against the King. The road in Mayo continues to spread north, with clans settling along it. Our influence continues to spread, and many clans convert to Western Catholicism. At this moment in time, the southern third of Mayo is vassalized by Munster. The Confederation of Eire is formed under Albion, and it is popular amongst coastal clans in Mayo looking for money from trade. However, we open it to all Irish nations and clans to join into it. (This will be similar to a closely-bound alliance ingame). The Slavacha Guard grows, with many Slavs from all over Eastern Europe signing up. They are equipped with the most modern and nasty weapons and trained to the fullest by some of the best warriors in Albion. A monk known as Fionn begins to travel across the Isle picking up tales and myths of various tribes before they die out, and begins to put together a journal of what he sees. He passes into the north, realm of isolated clans between the Anglo-Irish realms of Ulster and Munster. We begin to influence Leinster and we open our borders to them, allowing Leinsterians to enter Munster and become immersed in modern Irish culture. Some return wanting to join the Confederation, and we send formal diplomats into Leinster's borders. (Year Two of Five in vassalization). Munsterian traders establish a settlement in northern England.
 * Venetian Trade: Ships from Venice bring a variety of Venetian and other Mediterranean goods to the ports of Munster, particularly the semi-Venetian port of Ballydrogheda, known to the Venetians as Postopont. Various Munsterian goods are brought by the Venetian traders and transported back to Venice.
 * Zapotec: Emperor Tlaco expands Danibaan's influence in the surrounding city-states by way of the Zapotec Alliance. Roadways connecting cities in the alliance help merchants and soldiers move more freely between them. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. In the coastal regions under Danibaan's influence, more boats are created. Tlaco orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Daibaan continues expanding into the surrounding city-states north along the gulf coast.
 * Hungary, Croatia and all the vassals of Hungary see a greater number of military fortifications made. Hungary continues to grow economically, increasing trading with each other. Hungary also keeps its armies trained and well-drilled. Bosnia is expanded 10,000 km by the army who are looking to establish control as so their borders are not affected in the future.
 * Trier: We upgrade our military and economy. We influence the states around us. We continue the war against Saxony and deploy our troops to be used by the emperor.
 * Austria: We train and expand our military using new experience from recent wars, and grow our nation economically. We also begin developing hand cannons as a future weapon in warfare after seeing its implementation on a small scale. We continue influencing our vassal states of Salzburg, Gorizia, Augsburg, Burgau, Patria del Friuli, Chur, Württemberg, the Electorate of the Palatinate, and Oettingen. We begin influencing the states of Ulm, Cilli, and Burggrafshaft. We continue to improve relations with our Italian neighbours to the south. We increase trade with the Grand Duchy of Bavaria. The formation and organization of the newly founded kaiserliche und königliche Kriegsmarine continues, proving to be a successful investment. We continue assimilating the population of Aquileia, which has become dependent on Austrian trade and support for its defense and prosperity. We continue to grow closer through trade. We begin to extend friendly relations to France in the hopes of securing the western border of the empire and to prevent further conflict in the region.
 * Salzburg: The Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg orders the training of levies to be used in war. An army is sent to aid Austria and the Holy Roman Empire in the war against Saxony. We ask for a trade agreement with Bavaria.
 * Gorizia: Military is trained and sent to combat the nation of Saxony. The nation’s fields are expanded to allow for greater agricultural yields. Trade begins with nearby nations, including Venice and Milan.
 * Augsburg: The Mixed Imperial City of Augsburg encourages the growth of industry, producing large quantities of woven goods, cloth and textiles. The city of Augsburg is established as a major city of the Holy Roman Empire through the creation of several banking and financial institutions. We grow economically through trade routes with Austria, Bavaria, and other German states. The city’s leaders support Burgau’s conflict against Bavarian claims, although state that they will support whatever decision the emperor comes to. Military is expanded and a small detachment is sent to fight against Saxony.
 * Aquila: Ties grow between Austria through trade and the use of our ports. We begin constructing a shipyard to further facilitate trade and shipbuilding. Troops are sent to aid Austria.
 * Chur: Military and economy are expanded.
 * Württemberg: Military and economy are expanded. Our government vows to support the nation of Burgau against any hostile invasion.
 * Palatinate: Military and economy are expanded.
 * Oettingen: Military and economy are expanded.
 * Bohemia: Military and economy are expanded. We send an army to fight at the disposal of our king, Albert II of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor, to enforce our political hegemony in Saxony.
 * Silesia: All nations of Silesia expanded military and economy. The newly organized army is sent to fight against Saxony.
 * Moravia: Having recently acquired the title of Margrave of Moravia, Albert II tightens his grip over the regions of Brandenburg and Luxembourg. Moravia expands military and economy, and sends an army to Saxony to fight for the empire.
 * Brandenburg: Military and economy are expanded. An army is sent to fight in Saxony.
 * Luxembourg: Military and economy are expanded. An army is sent to fight in Saxony.
 * Aragon does the normal stuff. Navy, economy, infrastructure, trade power.
 * Kingdom of Cuzco: We slow our expansion, foucusing on the economy and infrastrucutre of the City and the conquered areas. Having taking a total of 800 km from the Aymras. (Who ever erased my pervious post, please be more careful.)
 * Grand Duchy of Moscow (and the rest of the realm): Military development continues. Trade with other nations brings money to the realm. Our offer to Pskov still stands.
 * Colorado Confederation *
 * Navajo-Kim-Pueblo: Centralization and economic development continue.
 * Apache: We continue to rebuild the city of Hope, centralize, and build up infrastructure.
 * Pima: Centralization and infrastructure build up continues.
 * Apache City States: Centralization and infrastructure build up continues
 * Commanche: Centralization and infrastructure build up continues.
 * UNC: The UNC expands its military this year, especially the navy. The infrastructure is built up after the war. The Albionese deals are accepted.
 * Oyo Empire: Oyo continues to expand across the coastline of West Africa by 10,000 km, converting the populations of the region to Orthodox Christianity. The natives are happy to join, as they view it as a way of getting closer to the Oyo people and joining the most powerful nation in West Africa. The naval forces of Oyo continue to grow, as the fleets of yanyan and nlanla continue to expand as the spice trade between India and Castlle continues unabided. The Ikarira and Eso are re-equipped by the government of Oyo with gunpowder weapons and plate armour of recent designs, and the old equipment are sold to private buyers in the cities of Oyo. The incorporation of tactics used by other cultures encountered throughout the known world by Oyo continues, though they are greatly modified to suit the needs of the Oyo Empire in their lands. A late, unreported census from 1430 shows that Oyo has a total population of 4,433,157 people, with the great increase suspected to have come from expansion into populous lands as well as the recent immigration of Benin residents to Oyo territory. In 1435, another census shall have separate reports for Ife and Benin.
 * Benin: The military, infrastructure, and economy of Benin are expanded, while the borders of the nation are expanded by 10,000 km to the southeast. The literacy rate of Benin has been increased to 20% of the total population, thanks to the number of teachers sent to the land by Oyo. Orthodoxy continues to spread throughout Benin as additional residents take up the faith.
 * Ife: Ife's literacy program continues with aid from Oyo, and the military, economy and infrastructure continue to expand.
 * Ife: Ife's literacy program continues with aid from Oyo, and the military, economy and infrastructure continue to expand.

1433
'''Plaqued by local resistance, the Cahokians abandon their outposts on the OTL Floridian coast and in the east. '''

In Aragon, King Charles III and I dies, and is succeeded by his son, also named Charles, who becomes King of Aragon as Charles IV and I.

Just fixing.

The Aztecs begin a period of expansion to further protect their capital and prove the commitment of the Triple Alliance.

'''Retcon: On multiple occasions the nation of Oyo has stated they build ships 400 feet in length (longer than the modern Fletcher-class destroyer). Let the record show that from here on the correct length is actually sixty-five feet. '''

''' Retcon: I've just realized that Rex vassalized a nation taking advantage of the previous player's attempts of vassalization- which I believe is illegal. Hence, he can't own and the map will not show such displaying of his possessing the territory of Oman whom he - and I'm quoting him - "The Yemenite government finishes the vassalization of Oman" - which started before his capture. '''


 * Well, the turn that they finished vassalization was the in-between year. So, I took over the nation of Yemen in December, it spent the year vassalizing Oman, which was completed that year. I both rightfully own Oman, but also this retcon would change too much of my canon. (A number of important trends are coming out of Oman, and we have a major naval presence recently established there, as well as the foundations of a trading corporation.)


 * Aztec Empire: The Aztec Empire expands its military. The expansion due to the triple alliance allows the Commander of the Aztec's military, Cuachtemoc, to more freely invade into the disorganized territory. The Aztecs expand 100 pixels Northwest, and 100 pixels North. The Aztecs increase their relations with the Zapotec Alliance, and with the much enthused agreement, the Aztecs send valuable trading goods to the Zapotec as a continued friendly alliance. Construction of Tenochtitlan continues. Obsidian glass and weaponry is infused into the militaristic weapons of the Aztecs making their clubs and bladed weapons more effective and lethal. (I am pretty sure this is legal, as it was something that the Aztecs did, but I would love for a MOD to confirm it.)
 * Aztec diplomacy: The Aztecs send a small force of 400 Eagle Warriors, to geographically map out the Mayan Empire and send them small sums of arrows, for their reknowned Plumed Archers.
 * Mayan Dip: We thank the Aztecs.
 * Prussia: The Prussians continue the process of vassalizing Courland. The conversion process picks up, especially on the pagans and the Catholics. The endless supply of condescending criticism coming from Rome does not endear them to anyone.
 * Masovia: The Kingdom of Masovia also continues recovering their economy, and continues building a new national army. The Masovians continue construction of their capital at Czersk. The Masovians also begin converting to the Western Church.
 * Pomerania: The Pomeranians continue building their economy and continue building a new national army. The Pomeranians also begin converting to the Western Church.
 * Venetian Trade: Ships from Venice bring a variety of Venetian and other Mediterranean goods to the ports of Prussia. Various Prussian goods are brought by the Venetian traders and transported back to Venice.
 * Colorado Confederation
 * Navajo-Kim-Pueblo: Centralization and economic development continue.
 * Apache: We continue to rebuild the city of Hope, centralize and build up infrastructure.
 * Pima: Centralization and infrastructure build up continues.
 * Apache City-States: Centralization and infrastructure build up continues.
 * Commanche: Centralization and infrastructure build up continues.
 * Oman: The military undergoes a period of extensive modernization. A small strip of coastline is also taken to allow for easier trade with other nations. Also, Sultan Musheer leads the country in a search for allies and/or trading partners that could help them grow.
 * Mangut Nivkhgu expands 5000 sq km into the interior Sakhalin.
 * The United Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia: The banking industry continues to grow. Gunpowder weapons are also researched. Many new shops and workshops open in the trade cities along the coast. The university in Galati continues to train students in theology, geology, history, and literature. The Venetian school also teaches much the arts of shipbuilding and sailing. Mining grows again as several new salt mines open, and more salt is traded with the Romans and Venetians.
 * Venetian Trade: Large amounts of Candian wines, olives and oil, pungent cheeses and candied citron peels arrive on ships in Wallachian and Moldavian ports, from Candia. Large amounts of Kaffan wines, crops and iron arrive on ships in Wallachian and Moldavian ports, from Kaffa. Ships from Venice bring a variety of Venetian and other Mediterranean goods to the ports of Wallachia and Moldavia. Various Wallachian and Moldavian goods are brought by the Venetian traders and transported back to Candia, Kaffa and Venice.
 * Kaffan Diplomacy: Kaffa asks if a Black Sea Trade League between Wallachia, Moldavia and Kaffa would interest the Wallachians and Moldavaians.
 * Grand Duchy of Moscow (and the rest of the realm): After talks with the Prince of Oka, they have been integrated into our state from the outreaches of our realm. Military development continues. With large amounts of income from trade as a result from recent innovations, Grand Duke Dimitri I has decided to enlarge the city of Moscow. Hiring Aristotle Fioravanti as the lead architect as the lead architect for the project. Months of arriving within Moscow, Aristotle has proposed a new map of Moscow that will take twenty years to construct. Funds are present and the project will not drown the realm in debt, but drop the amount of gold in the royal treasury by a moderate amount. In order to save money, peasants and the homeless are hired to construct this new Moscow, promised to keep the homes they built as payment (only if homeless). Construction work begins, with large frames of buildings erected from the ground up. Most begin to build the Imperial Palace in the center of the city in the innermost portion of the Kremlin for the royal family’s protection. With the aid of the poor, construction funds were saved by 25%. With the lack of a flag but with abundance of prestige from the beginning of the 15th century, the House of Rurik has created the first flag and coat of arms for the Grand Duchy of Moscow. The black on the tricolor stands for the defeating of enemies, the yellow is justice and the white as purity. As well as the creation of a coat of arms and a flag, the motto of the nation "God is with us" has also been created. Our offer to Pskov still stands, and the Prince of Pskov is invited to the Royal Family’s council. (Check your turn for 1432, I’ve left a diplomacy message but it appears that you’re in a different country now).
 * Venetian Trade: Upon the advice of Novgorod some Venetian merchants scout out routes to Moscow, the lands are harsh in winter and force them to stay there. However, while there they learn the Moscow market well and have plans to organise trading with the city next year.
 * Chiribaya: We continue to build fortifications in our territory and we expand 10 km east.
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Landshut expands its military. Heinrich XVI begins petitioning the lords of Bamberg, being able to successfully vassalize Bamberg. In other news, the population continues to rise. Heinrich and his council continue to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with thirty-five large carracks being finished, and by 1433 a trade route is put in place. Such important places in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany. The planned market center in Landshut continues to be developed, with completion expected in four years. In religious news, Heinrich opens up the country to the Hollander reformists and preachers, noting that the Reformation from the west is a good answer to the current schism and would be a suitable replacement. Subsequently, a small group of dedicated Reformists arise in Munchen. By 1433, they become a prominent group within the city. Many Catholics are disturbed. In December, many Reformists began practicing in Landshut. In worrisome news, Heinrich XVI, aged 47 at this time, falls seriously ill with smallpox in late November. He survives the winter but many suspect the Grand Duke to die within the next two or so years. Plans for his son Albert, aged 27, to assume governmental duties are made and put into place. While Heinrich is incapacitated during Christmas week, Albert briefly assumes governmental control. During this time, Albert officially declares Oettingen to be independent of Bavarian suzerainty, but continually claims suzerainty over both Burgau and Bamberg.
 * ​​Munchen: The main campus of Queen Isabell University is completed, and the beginning courses include French, Latin, English, and Greek as well as theology, clergy training and mathematics being taught. By 1433, the total class amounts to about 1260 people. Troops authorized by Heinrich XVI continue training. Several markets are constructed in Munchen as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Heinrich XVI continue training. Several markets are constructed in Straubing as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Heinrich XVI continue training. Several markets are constructed in Ingolstadt as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Heinrich XVI continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders. Beginning in 1433, the chaotic government of Burgau is replaced by Bavarian military rule. This was not done earlier due to Heinrich expecting the Burgau civil unrest to die out. However, due to the unprecedence of the aforementioned unrest, troops have increased their control and effectively ousted the government.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Heinrich XVI continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Heinrich XVI continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Heinrich XVI continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Venetian Trade: Trade caravans from Venice bring a variety of Venetian and other Mediterranean goods to the markets of Bavaria. Various Bavarian goods are brought by the Venetian traders and transported back to Venice.
 * The Kingdom of England (member state of the Kingdoms of Greater Albion): English military and navy are expanded with many new war cogs being added to the English fleets. The World Exploration Council continues to expand influence after the massive success of the African Trade delegations. Further exploration and perhaps the formation of a trade outpost are considered for the future. King Edward IV continues to push for English to be used as the primary language at the court. Prince Edmund travels to Venice to see the Republic post-civil war. North Sea trade is almost completely dominated by the North Sea Trading Alliance (Holland, and Albion mostly). The UNC are extended the offer of joining the North Sea Trade Alliance as a full member. Nordic and English culture continues to blend, with stories of the mythical Norse gods becoming popular reading among the wealthy segments of the population. Scotland is influenced for the seventh and final year. The Scottish Parliament begins reviewing the Articles of Union of 1433 in preparation for the government switch over. The government commissions the construction of a second place of residence for the King in York. Irish settlers grow in number, causing the Norman overlords to grow nervous as the Irish stir revolutionary ideas among the predominately Anglo-Saxon population. Meanwhile, the King converts to the Western European Church. The Normans, still mostly Roman Catholic, see this move as a threat to their power and they begin covertly moving against the King. Little do they know, that with this act, the King has actually secured the loyalty of the lower classes ... Internationally diplomats return from Venice and other parts of Europe. The Foreign office eyes Austria worriedly and moves to strength the alliance with Holland and Hamburg.
 * ​Dublin: The port is expanded. Crown Trading establishes its Irish headquarters. Military is upgraded as well as the navy. The Royal Bank of England establishes its Eire HQ. Further trade occurs with Munster and Ulster. Dublin begins a massive renovation of the city with its newfound wealth.
 * Wales: The Welsh military and navy are expanded. The Welsh begin to see the fruits of all the English banking investments as large areas of the nation see improvements in infrastructure. Representation in the Albion Parliament increases as a minor population boom in and around Cardiff begins.
 * Venetian Trade: Ships from Venice bring a variety of Venetian and other Mediterranean goods to the ports of Albion. Various Albion goods are brought by the Venetian traders and transported back to Venice.
 * Novgorod: We continue the production of Koch boats, cannons, hand cannons, advanced crossbows, swords, and composite bows, increasing our military capabilities in case of war. The nation’s training and advancement of military continues. We are producing our new crossbow, and we send the first 50 crossbows to Mecklenburg to test out and the other 250 to test in our nation. We expand north (by 14 pixels) into undiscovered land. The recent classes of Koch ships are being manufactured in Novgorod. The town of St Patriksburg’s population grows a bit more that last year. As the construction of the town improves, the Kremlin finishes, trade becoming more in demand, the town gains slightly. Because of the trade road built with Tver our economy increases. We are still talking about the possible unification of the Rus’ with Muscovy. The Russian language is spreading throughout the nation. After seeing a great success with the private schools in the City of Novgorod, St Patriksburg, Staraya Russa, and Nizhny Novgorod. We start building another private school in Rostov and Yaroslavl. We complete building private schools in Torzhok and a private school in Staraya Ladoga. In the year 1445, we will annex Rostov and Yaroslavl in to Novgorod. We vassalized Tver, and we are looking to annex Tver in the year 1445.
 * Tver: We complete the construction of the private school in Tver and we start the new one. We upgrade our military after being a vassal of Novgorod. We upgrade our economy because of the trade established between Yaroslavl, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod.
 * Yaroslavl: We complete the construction of the private school in Yaroslavl and we start the new one. We upgrade our military after being a vassal of Novgorod. We upgrade our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod.
 * Rostov: We completed the construction of the private school in Rostov and start the new one. We upgrade our military after being a vassal of Novgorod. We upgrade our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Yaroslavl, Muscovy and Novgorod.
 * Venetian Trade: Ships from Venice bring a variety of Venetian and other Mediterranean goods to the ports of Novgorod. Various Novgorod goods are brought by the Venetian traders and transported back to Venice.
 * Kingdom of Naples: King Ladislaus I continues the reforms, and improves the economy and the military. Continues the construction and improvement of shipyards and production of new boats to combat in the Mediterranean. Territorial defense continues being built based on border forts. The relation with the Byzantine Empire continue strong. The Naval Academy in Taranto continues the technological research with Venice. The King of Naples continues to give new impetus to the culture within the kingdom and its vassal states, in art, science, etc. The policy of rapprochement toward Sicily continue, and also our influence on the island for future vassalization. The war against Savoy ends in December with a huge victory, all the lands are annex into Naples. In dynastic news: Prince Charles, 23, is looking for a wife. Princess Elisabeth, 18, is free for marriage.
 * ​Bavarian Dip: The heir to the Grand Ducal throne, Albert, is 27 and without a wife, and we would be glad to accept the 18 year old Elisabeth as a wife and future Grand Duchess.
 * Naples Dip: We accept, she will arrive next year to Bavaria.
 * Grand Duchy of Tuscany: Improves the economy and the military. The economic prosperity of the previous years is accented with commercial junction providing Naples and Genoa, and the city of Florence is the commercial nexus among all the Neapolitan states. Frederick I helps promote economic prosperity, gives incentives to help manufacturing output grow, and improve access roads to make the trade more fluid and profitable. The army is formed to the image of the Neapolitan, with gradual use of new firearms that become quite popular. Frederick I became a great patron and the Tuscan nobles follow this particular policy. The artists, protected and maintained by the nobles and bourgeois rising, unleash their creativity
 * Duchy of Genoa: Improves the economy and the military. The Duchy of Genoa continues trading from the Black Sea to the Straits of Gibraltar, using new models of ships with cargo holds of more spacious and allow greater profit. With the help of Neapolitan military fleet, try to force richest commercial rights in Tunisian ports. In Genoa the boom in production of luxury items continue. The pressure of the Genoese traders in Tunis is growing, and combined with the presence of Christian missionaries, who at the same time serve commercial spies; is accomplished the capture of a lot of exotic products that are not easy to get due to the conflicts and trade barriers in the Near East, and the axis between Tunis and Genoa is strengthened. The Genoese economy restarts his golden age.
 * Duchy of Ferrara: Improves the economy and the military. The paper industry is forging ahead, and also the making of looms, making this duchy in one of the most productive in northern Italy. Duke Niccolo I continue the loyal service to Naples.
 * Duchy of Corsica: Improves the economy and the military. The exploitation of salt mines and silver continues. In the same way, the vine crops increase in extension and quality, and the manufacture of wine each year improves in quality and quantity, and is recognized as the best European wine. On the island of Corsica a boom of mercenaries continues. The Neapolitan army started recruiting many Corsicans, making them a legend in terms of ferocity and skill in the skirmishes and battles.
 * Marquisate of Modena: Improves the economy and the military. Niccolo is dedicated to art and culture, encouraging painters, sculptors and architects that embellish this little Marquisate, leading Italian opulence to a new level. Marquis Niccolo I continues the loyal service to Naples.
 * Principality of Zeta: Improves the economy and the military. Dairy cattle production increases, and in the same way the manufacture of better quality cheese, they continue to be exported to Italy, Hungary and Byzantium. The Prince Giovanni I continue the cultural boom. Vassalization of Berat continue.
 * Vatican City: The Pope Gregory XII continue the campaign of evangelization in the lands of the Balkans. Missionaries continue to be sent to support the Order of St John, and a special group of these is working in North Africa, especially in Tunisia, where they try to recover the core of Christians. The Pope like his predecesor condemns all those who come to the false churches that are being created in Europe. The Pope Gregory XII in his speeches also continue condemning the current lack of security of pilgrims traveling to the Holy Land, which the Christian nations have a priority to recover these places and they are missing to the will of God.
 * County of Provence: The reform of the administration continues, adapting the Neapolitan model which has had so much success. Improves economy through trade, and manufacturing cloth. The military camp is also improved, adding new equipment and Italian military ideas.
 * Duchy of Anjou: As in Provence, the Duchy transformation is performed. The economy and military improve.
 * Alencon: The economy and military improve.
 * Narbonne: The economy and military improve.
 * Vendome: The economy and military improve.
 * Venetian Trade: Large amounts of salted fish, feta cheese, wool and goat meat arrives on ships in Neapolitan ports, from the Epirote Free Ports. Ships from Venice bring a variety of Venetian and other Mediterranean goods to the ports of Naples. Various Neapolitan goods are brought by the Venetian traders and transported back to Epirus and Venice.
 * France: The military and navy are built up, the vassalage of Limoges and Armagnac begins, Continues establishing its own entity to deal with the religious crisis left by the schism. While this, Prince Louis turns ten and continues attending a renowned school in Paris learning about politics and theology, navy experience a huge boost due to trade with North Africa through St Marie d'Africa. The alliance with Austria is reviewed, but for now France states neutrality is their best policy.
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up. The same choice made by the French is taken by the Burgundians as they feel the same way to France. Burgundy is reluctant to do as Brabant-Hainaut-Holland desires and says it will consider it.
 * Flanders: Military and navy are built up, economy expands.
 * Blois: Military, economy expand.
 * Dunois: Military and economy expand.
 * Angouleme: Military and economy expand.
 * Parthenay: Military and economy expand.
 * Perigord: Military and economy expand.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy expand.
 * Orleans: Military and economy expand.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up.
 * Berry: Military and economy are built up.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Auvergne: Military and economy are built up.
 * Forez: Military and economy are built up.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up.
 * Venetian Trade: Large amounts of Corfiot wine and olive oil arrive on ships in French ports, from Corfu. Ships from Venice bring a variety of Venetian and other Mediterranean goods to the ports of France. Various French goods are brought by the Venetian traders and transported back to Corfu and Venice.
 * Tibet: Finishes the final year of vassalization of the Shan States. The Gongma sends a prominent leader of the Bön religion to the Shan States to establish a presence. Tibet continues to influence Chutiya and sends a trade caravan full of horses to the King of Chutiya and Tibet starts vassalizing the kingdom.
 * Rājya of Nepal: The centralization of the government in Katmandu has finished. The coins from Tibet begin to circulate throughout the Rājya. The economy is expanded.
 * The Confederation of Shan States: The trading post in the north begins to attract settlers and becomes a settlement. The Bön leader sets up a monastery in the settlement. The Confederation expands its defenses.
 * Portugal continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Leiname. Meanwhile, the colony in Santa Maria expands by 200 sq km, as São Miguel continues to be settled. Meanwhile, Leonor de Castro gives birth to a boy, who is named Afonso. He dies some days after his birth. Meanwhile, João I dies, and is succeeded by his eldest son, Afonso, who is crowned King of Portugal and Algarves as Afonso V.
 * Venetian Trade: Large amounts of Kaffan salt arrives on ships in Portugese ports, from Athens. Ships from Venice bring a variety of Venetian and other Mediterranean goods to the ports of Portugal. Various Portugese goods are brought by the Venetian traders and transported back to Athens and Venice.
 * Venetian Republic:
 * In Veneto: The Venetian Revival Continues The Arsenal of Coixa finishes, this year the dry run will be done and the facility will become ready for the manufacturing of cogs for the Venetian fleet. The new Venetian Fleet asserts its dominance over trade in the Mediterranean once more. The embassy in Constantinople, after observing the volume of trade that is recorded by the Byzantines and the capacity of their trade influence, encourages the Doge to write to the Byzantines about it. The Doge offers the Byzantines to form a Trade League with Venice, called the Mediterranean Trade League, so that they may both further prosper from trade in the Mediterranean. The Hamburg-Venetian voyage sails once more south along the western Saharan coast, making their way even further south mapping as they go. Venetian ships are becoming a common sight across Europe and trade in cities all along the coast of the continent as well as along cities of the coasts of Africa and Asia (middle east) too. Giovanni Bonmont (OTL Johannes Gutenberg) is inspired and works upon an invention privately while also participating in the construction of glass mirrors believed to capture the light off holy relics. Relations with Ragusa are cemented and it is decided that they shall become a Free Port under the new republican system. Christofo Roscol, now 50 years of age is old and knows it, he makes it his goal to finish the republican reforms before he passes away. In foreign news, several Venetian traders are slighted in Tunis and are angered when they see other European traders being granted better rights, the traders inform the Doge who considers the loss of Venice being the primary European trade partner of Tunis a loss that must be avenged. Considering the matter, he invites the Romans into secret talks about an invasion ... Eco-turn
 * In Porto Tolle: Trade continues to flow to Naples and Milan, Porto Tolle gains in population as people flee the internal wars of Naples hoping to start again in the Republic of Venice which is seen as more stable.
 * In Istra: The peoples of Istra work closely with the Hungarians and offer them a trade agreement that would grant the Hungarians favourable status in the region and allow Istran goods to penetrate Hungarian markets. Various goods leave the nation for Hungary and Venice, such as lime, cement, bricks and stone as well as these wine unique to the region known as Terrano wine is sold almost exclusively in Hungary and Venice.
 * The Hungarians would be honoured to have a trade agreement and quickly sign in the trade agreement, a move which is widely popular with the merchants of Hungary. Many Hungarian nobles are also found to be getting drunk on the Terrano wine!
 * In the Epirote Free Ports: Saranda's school for artisans is in its second year of construction. Titani still receives a reasonable induction of artisans but Preveza's influx has slowed, although they see no reason to be concerned. Salted fish, feta cheese, wool and goat meat are traded particularly this year with the Romans, Mamluks and Naples.
 * In the Peloponnese: Argos continues renovations and the Peloponnese trade fleet takes products from the local area to the Hungarians in the west, garnering a reasonable profit. Olive oil and wine are exported this year, mainly along land routes to Byzantine Greece.
 * In Attica: Marathons port should be finished in two years time. The new larger Marathon begins to become more economically properous with farmers working the nearby land and artisans in the city creating luxuries to be sold. The Nobles begin to consider investing in a fleet such as Kaffa, Athens and Venice have.
 * Epirote Republic: The port of Filiates continues to be built while the construction of the road from the port to the capital is continued and should be finished next year. The port still has two years of construction estimated to be left. Basic trade through the temporary port continues. The Epirote Republic forsakes vassalising Valona after realising that the influencing could take half a century, instead the lords are told to prepare for war. Mil-turn
 * Venetian Empire:
 * Candia: The small tariff on goods raises enough revenue to fund a further ten vessels, these vessels are purchased and set to defending trade routes. The Candian fleet now stands 40 ships strong. More people migrate to Candia, taking up residence in the various lands that are being granted to immigrant families. Trade through Candia grows and Candian wines, olives and oil, pungent cheeses and candied citron peels are traded primarily this year with the Romans, Mamluks and Wallachia. Candian trade now also favours stopping in the Crimea and Georgia and in the west they stop in Castile. Eco-turn
 * Corfu: With the finishing line for the forts in nine years, the construction drags on but many passersby and travellers are awed by the fortified isle and the line of forts and many share tales of the island of turrets and towers far and wide. The Doge grants that Corfu will have its own separate status, as to correspond with its strategic purpose. Corfiot wine and olive oil is traded through the Epirote Free Ports and finds profit in France and Naples. Mil-turn
 * Kaffa: As the land supply for the immigrants runs out, Victor decides that a census is in order to work out how much Kaffa has grown, agents are sent out far and wide to settlements old and new to collect information. Kaffa the city is becoming a pivotal point in Black Sea trade and Victor Borozzi hopes that it will become the Venice of the Black Sea. The steady increase to the Kaffan navy continues with ten more ships being purchased. Wines, crops and iron from Kaffa are traded to the Jochid Ulus, Byzantines (specifically the Byzantines in Crimea but the rest as well), Wallachians, Georgians and Ottomans, in order of trade volume. The Kaffa salt trade continues to make the region prosper and most of the salt trade ends up in Venice but also Constantinople. Eco-turn
 * Naxos: The immigration to Naxos begins to slow as many lords are refusing to take on more people in their lands. However, Naxos the city continues to swell as people rush to be a part of the wealth there. Naxian traders sell fruits and cattle to the lands in Greece, the Romans and the Mamluks. Several of the hospitalar groups pledge their support to the Doge, intrigued with his offers. Naxian merchants continue to work closely with their counterparts in Constantinople. Eco-turn
 * Aegina: Aegina focuses on trading with Athens although general profits this year has dropped, as immigration slows across the Empire. However, immigrants do trickle into Aegina, as Athens sends more rejects its way. Eco-turn
 * Athens: The Athenian Navy is increased once more although many feel that it shall not grow anymore. Trade with Portugal continues and is extended to Castile, with Athens sending Kaffan salt their way. Eco-turn
 * Negroponte: Mining continues at good levels supporting spending in the city. The interest on the state debt is paid. Immigration to Negropont grinds to a halt as the city reaches bursting point, spending this year is largely on assisting the building of homes. Negropontean lignite, iron, nickel and marble are traded with Venice almost exclusively. However, some Roman traders are given special dispensation to trade for some. Eco-turn
 * Ragusa: With the vassalisation in place, the Ragusans feel uncomfortable with the idea of being submissive to Venice although do feel more secure about their borders. Many decide to wait and see what the arrangement will do for Ragusa before deciding to fully oppose it or loosen up and give it some support. Ragusa's trade fleet of 12 ships takes it upon itself to trade far and wide, bringing spices and various foriegn goods from the Mamluks to Venice. Eco-turn
 * County of Oldenburg: Several Oldenburger noblemen are able (through their connections in high places) to get positions high in the episcopal administration of Osnabruck. Count Dietrich is glad, and rubs his hands greedily at the thought that in as little as two years' time, the frail old Prince-Bishop may die and that he, with his influence over Osnabruck ever-increasing, will be able to choose the successor (by which I mean, vassalisation of Osnabruck enters its fifteenth year). The OHG is extremely pleased with the profits it made last year from whaling and sealing, and the company decides to devote an entire chamber to these activities. This "Northern Chamber" petitions the Count to ask the Norwegians for the right to build huts and whaling posts in Greenland (in an entirely non-colonial way: merely as a nice place for our people to stay). Dietrich acquiesces, and asks the Norwegian crown to grant OHG ships and their crews the right to build small outposts on the Greenlandic coast to assist them with whaling and sealing operations. The company would be happy to pay the Norwegians for the right if needs be.
 * Venetian Trade: Ships from Venice bring a variety of Venetian and other Mediterranean goods to the ports of Oldenburg. Various Oldenburger goods are brought by the Venetian traders and transported back to Venice.
 * Mayan Empire: We continue to build ships to fight off the pirates, and a messenger returns form the fleet sent to fight the pirates, reporting of a land to the North from which the Pirates operate(Florida). We decide to invade this land via sea, and crush the Pirate menace. We begin building mines, and search for Iron and metal ore resources. Economic prosperity begins as we sell more and more slaves. A minor slave revolt is brutally put down.
 * The Nation of the Oirats: Cement and iron increases in production. Iron weapons is now majorly used. More firearm smiths are built in Oskemen. More beer is fermented and it becomes a popular drink for the nomads. As we increase in population, we slowly target our expansion northward. We expand 20 px to the North. We speed up our expansion North and East towards Lake Baikal. We start buying books from Ming dynasty and we begin to debate whether or not to adopt Chinese as our language.
 * Brabant-Hainaut-Holland: The leaders of the army continue to mix the arquebus into the Army usage as a semi-close combat weapon for infantry as they approach the enemy, with one in every three men being equipped with the arquebus, behind the front lines archers are to back up the advancing troops. Cannons are also used on a larger scale. The gunsmithies in Wallonia continue to tinker with the designs of the arquebus, producing the most advanced versions in all of Europe. Trade continues to grow as The North Sea Trade League dominates Western European Trade. Engelburt continues to try to get the other Netherlander states to join the General Estates in separating from the HRE and promises to protect them at all costs, appealing to the aristocracy, and merchants of all the other netherlander states promising them not only protection but the same level of economic and political liberties that the ruling elite inside the General Estates enjoy. The reformists continue to grow in influence as the crisis with the Emperor grows. The reformists are granted alot more freedom to preach within B-H-H and there numbers continue to grow. Reformists continue to preach there values across Western Europe. Naval expansion continues.
 * Venetian Trade: Ships from Venice bring a variety of Venetian and other Mediterranean goods to the ports of the Netherlands. Various Netherlander goods are brought by the Venetian traders and transported back to Venice.
 * Bengal Sultanate: The decrease in taxes on the landed elite do their job in most areas of the Sultanate, decreasing the tax load on the peasantry and earning him their support. The tax cuts on the merchant class allow for more trade to be conducted, and a recent lax on some of the quota laws allows for more goods to be shipped from Bengal, greatly increasing trade income. Influence grows on Ahom and Koch, as we provide much of their food, and many of their other goods since they trade exclusively with us. The money gained from the trade continues to arm the various levies of the Sultanate, the landed elite, Orissa, and Arakan. Trade with the states of Ava, Koch, Garjat, and Ahom continues, with influence being placed through trade on Ava and Garjat. Cash crops continue to be grown in large amounts. The vassalization process continues on Aoch and Kohm (Year Nineteen). With our merchants traveling to Ava, Koch, Ahom and Arakan regularly, Islam continues to grow in their nations. Most all trade roads begin to see much-needed maintenance. The merchants that continually travel between Kohm, Aoch and Ava continue to allow for some of the populations of those nations to continue to convert to Islam. Due to trade with China and other Middle Eastern nations, cannon and hand cannon designs become more common, leading most of the landed elite to continue to outfit their levies with cannons and hand cannons. Due to Bengal having control over lands of multiple ethnicities and religions, literary works in the form of poems and epics begin to take influence from all three religions of the Sultanate.
 * Kingdom of Arakan: Due to their trade being controlled mainly by Bengal for many years, their vassalization by Bengal has allowed them to open up their ports to other nations, and serve as resting point for many Bengali traders. Due to the influx of Islamic merchants into Arakan, the entire population in Arakan begin to see many more conversions of their residents to Islam. The son of the Bengali Sultan, Zulfiqar Padma Shah continues to control of the Kingdom. Since he is only fifteen years old, however, the country is technically run by a series of advisors, who are mainly Islamic, but some Buddhists also serve as advisors.
 * Emirate of Andamana: Mansoor Basil Amirmoez continues to reclaim land on the island to make room for farms, and to have timber for building both boats and houses. The Emirate expands another 500 km into the island. The ships built by the timber from the island help contribute to Bengali trade.
 * Rajya of Orissa: Unlike the other vassals of the Bengali Sultanate, Bhandudeva IV is kept farther away from the daily politics of controlling Orissa, relying mainly on Islamic advisors sent directly by the Bengal Sultan. The advisors quickly persuade Bhandudeva IV to allow the Muslims settlers in the northern part of the Rajya to hold land south of the previously agreed living space. The Sultan of Bengal forcibly lowers the price of owning property in Orissa for Muslims, outraging some of the Hindu population.
 * Bengal Diplomacy ( Needs mod response, please and thank you):  Due to the conversion of a significant portion of Ava's population to Islam over the years, we request that they begin to allow the construction of Mosques in their nation.
 * Hamburg-Brunswick-Lüneburg: Vassalization of Bruchhausen (Turn Eight) and Lippe (Turn Seven) continue. Trade from the NSTL members bring in large profits for the city. The Navy, now called the Hamburg Maritime Defense Fleet, consisting of fifteen vessels is organized into three subdivisions. Hamburg becomes concerned about the now-Austria leaning leadership of Bohemia and Brandenburg, as well as the recent invasion of Saxony by Austria and her allies. Worried that three electors have become biased towards Austria, petitions the Holy Roman Emperor to allow Hamburg, Bavaria, and Holland to become electors. Hamburg also hopes this move will also allow the concerns of a powerful Austria, and the Lowlands separatist movement, to ease.
 * Venetian Trade: Ships from Venice bring a variety of Venetian and other Mediterranean goods to the ports of Hamburg. Various Hamburger goods are brought by the Venetian traders and transported back to Venice.
 * Austrian Diplomacy: We assure Hamburg that they have nothing to be concerned about, and we are merely acting to preserve the integrity of the empire. We will consider the proposal from Hamburg, but for now vow to follow the rule of only seven electors, as outlined by the Golden Bull of 1356.
 * Ulster: Begins influencing Sligo. Ulsterian trade ships begin trading with Iceland, and the UNC, and the rest of Albion. Ulsterian trade policy, and the government, finally adapt to the available resource that is Greater Albion, as trade is changed, so Ulsterian ships go to Albion, and the UNC, whilst trade to the Med is sent via England, lowering the cost to the merchants.
 * Venetian Trade: Ships from Venice bring a variety of Venetian and other Mediterranean goods to the ports of Ulster. Various Ulsterian goods are brought by the Venetian traders and transported back to Venice.
 * Castile:  The Castilian economy continues a larger process of pulling in more money through trade. The Castilians begin to send missionaries into Morocco in hopes to convert populations. The infrastructure of Castile is also expanded more. Castile, in order to facilitate more conversions to Christianity, imposes higher taxes on non-Christians in the areas it controls personally or by proxy through its vassals. Castile has successfully mapped large parts of the African coast south of Morocco and down as far as their settlements in Capo Verde. The developing class in Castile of skilled artisans, merchants, blacksmiths and the like has led to a large increase in productivity of the country with even a few researchers managing to work on new designs - including a more efficient hand cannon which gets its own dedicated corps in the developing Royal army of Castile. The Castilian noblity begins to adapt toward a newer system to revamp or work on their power as they move toward becoming advisors to the king and less involved in their feudal estates which while growing have developed Guilds to facilitate payments for the efforts of the men working, The expert worksmanship of many of these men has seen notable increase in productivity for each feudal state with most lords not complaining. The Kingdom's cities begin to be improved with somewhat better sanitation and the King hires architects to plan out a sewer system, as well as a true plan for multiple major cities. Castile begins a major process of researching the arquebus acquired and develops its own version which is used to replace the hand cannons which is finally finished. The Castilian navy, using the Canaries as a base, continually explore the area and discover a new island chain, the closest island is able to be settled and a small settlement springs up on the islands and is built up and styled as a resupply base. (1000 sq km). The population of Castile officially reaches about 4.2 million and continuing to grow rapidly thanks to a sharp increase in agricultural production. The construction of a new kind of warship with cannons is completed. A heavy warship much more powerful than most other ships of the time. King John's wife is killed during a situation involving a disease and while in grief, he begins looking for a new wife. We accept Naples offer of a marriage proposal.
 * You know in 1516 the Crown of Castile had a population of approximately 4,500,000 so there is no way that you can have nine million in several decades, even with an agricultural surplus. 
 * Nobody was helpful enough to help me when I asked. Thanks, I had to make an educated assumption previously.
 * Granada: The Christianization of Granada continues in earnest with a more sizeable converted population working its way through the country. The Emir, however, remains secretly Christian and begins hiring a few Castilian advisors who are wholly more competent than many of the Granadan advisors. The country also begins to see some issues with its settlement in Morocco with many of them being Christian Castilians or converts. The Granadans continue to show more Christianization processes occurring with a viable expanding population of Christians living in the border towns and churches springing up in various areas across the country. The country begins to show promising signs of real economic advancement. The population of true Castilians in the country begins to increase to rival the native Granadans as many of the Muslims have left the area due to the unfavorable atmosphere of the country. The Nation of Granada has now Christianized somewhat considerably with a real large minority of Christians existing within the country's borders. The Emir, however, managed to maintain a favorable position with both denominations and hold the country together effectively through careful management.
 * Kingdom of the Canaries: Now granted a semi-autonomous status from Castile the Canaries begin to work up their economy to a certain degree greatly utilizing the traders from Portugal as well as the new route to Oyo, and the trade from the Mediterranean. The Canaries are able to build upon the multiple viable settlements and a moderately sized and growing population. The Canaries, finally completely covering the islands, begins to send moderately sized fleets that are resupplied from the islands and from Castile to continually explore the area. The Canaries help supply settlers and fleets moving to Capo Verde.
 * Kingdom of Cyprus: Cyprus is taken over by Castile as per the Knights Hospitaller's wishes with the 10,000 Castilian troops of the Royal army and around 3000 Cyprisian troops being raised in defence of the new kingdom. The King previously declared in Larnaca is declared over all of Cyprus and with the expansion to secure all the Island he begins to rebuild the shattered kingdom with funding from the Hospitaller and mostly Castile. The Kingdom specifically works on the training of a new professional army as well as economic improvement with the assistance of Castile. The Branch of the Knights Hospitaller in Cyprus reset up by the branch from Rhodes develop into part of the island kingdoms defence forces with their connections to a branch in Castile helping boost a trade flow to the island. The Knights also allow the migration of any willing knights from Rhodes to Cyprus to keep the kingdom and its new force stable and alive as a professional organization. The Kingdom itself does remain mostly loyal to Castile with the area becoming an economic hub for Castile and hence highly profitable for Cyprus.
 * Venetian Trade: Large amounts of Candian wines, olives and oil, pungent cheeses and candied citron peels arrive on ships in Castilian, Granadan, Canarian and Cypriot ports, from Candia. Large amounts of Kaffan salt arrives on ships in Castilian, Granadan, Canarian and Cypriot ports, from Athens. Ships from Venice bring a variety of Venetian and other Mediterranean goods to the ports of Castile, Granada, the Canaries and Cyprus. Various Castilian, Granadan, Canarian and Cypriot goods are brought by the Venetian traders and transported back to Candia, Athens and Venice.
 * Kingdom of Cuzco: We slow our expansion, foucusing on the economy and infrastrucutre of the City and the conquered areas. Having taking a total of 800 km from the Aymras.
 * Japan (Ashikaga Clan): We fix up our roads and add outposts in different areas just to watch out for more enemies trying to attack us. We build up our economy by fixing trade routes to the Usegi state. Around our capital city we continue to build a giant fort - walls and towers that go around the whole city. Since war is over for now, we go back to rebuilding our first college of Japan. We increase our military by adding more troops to our borders. The Shogu ask all of the state leaders if one of them will give him a daughter to marry. (Need mods to respond for this.) The Shogun ask the leaders of each state at a special meeting to unify Japan to protect ourselves from Ming China. If this does happen it will benefit Japan in the long run.
 * Kingdom of Georgia: Some of the wealth from Georgia's growing Black Sea trade is spent on funding the Jarishuri, with particular attention lavished on its oft-neglected ranged component. King Giorgi orders one thousand crossbows, to be supplied by any nation willing to sell, with another five hundred (and any not provided from abroad) to be produced domestically. In Ossetia, the recent Jochid Ulus settlement of Ossetia pressures the squabbling Ossetian chiefs to find some common ground, and Crown Prince Alexandre successfully organizes a pan-tribal council to resolve the issues preventing Ossetian unification; the vassalization of the area will take eight more years, assuming no further settlement by the Golden Horde. Finally, the royal justiciar grants some of Georgia's jailed convicts a choice: settle Circassia, on the Jochid Ulus' border, or rot in prison. The majority choose prison, but enough agree that Georgia expands 850 sq km into Circassia.
 * Georgian Diplomacy: The Jochid Ulus receives a note from the Georgian emissary stating that Georgia assumes the settlement of Ossetia constitutes an agreement to the modification of the trans-Caucasian division that Georgia proposed last year. The Mamluk Sultanate also receives a reply, personally signed by King Giorgi, that provisionally accepts the Mamluks' resettlement proposal; King Giorgi requests a meeting with the Mamluk ambassador to clarify the precise definitions of the treaty. Finally, the Georgians send a request to the Ottoman Empire asking about acquiring a land corridor through the Black Sheep lands. (Rex - we'll talk on chat to hash out numbers, but you can start sending your Copts my way at any time. Fed - I assume this means you're willing to let me settle Circassia for two years?)
 * Kingdom of Armenia: The constant drilling of the Armenian military pays dividends, as the increased discipline of Armenia's officers - a growing number of whom have leveraged their miitary service into titles of minor nobility - improves the Armenian military.
 * Principality of Gordyene: Combined with an unusually arid year, the ongoing nomadic raids - now confirmed as Black Sheep Turks acting outside the Padishah's authority - interfere with agricultural production within the Principality. Prince Levon, now highly concerned over the loss of his tax-paying subjects, launches a major irrigation campaign in the fertile and already-defended Nineveh Plains. The ensuing food surplus alleviates the impending famine somewhat and strengthens the Gordian economy. However, it is not enough to stem the tide of emigration: With a mutual population transfer agreement in the works between the Bagratuni kingdoms and the Mamluks, many Muslims - both Kurdish and Arab - flood out of Gordyene; the Principiality's total population falls to 85,000 - 46,000 of whom are Christian. Prince Levon hopes that the anticipated tide of Coptic immigrants can make the shortfall in his province's headcount.
 * Principality of Adiabene: Looking with envy at the growing revenue of Gordyene, and unable to levy taxes on Arbela's Assyrians (who control the provincial bureaucracy), Prince Gabro passes a law in Adiabene requiring Muslims to pay a fee to practice their religion. The temporary increase in revenue strengthens the Adiabenite economy, but drives many Muslims out of the Principality; the Principality only has 120,000 residents, 56,000 of whom are Christian.
 * Principality of Ardalan: Prince Helo, noting that a disproportionate number of new arrivals tend to be middle-to-upper class, instructs the Principality's bureaucrats to require permits for all new buildings, ensuring that any new residences adhere to officially-approved architectural standards. This measure improves the structural integrity of the growing newcomer districts around Kirkuk and As Suleymaniyah; more importantly, the additional funds raised improve the Ardalan economy, as the profits are swiftly reinvested into Kurdish-owned mercantile and resource-production concerns. Nine years remain before Ardalan is returned to Mesopotamia, and the local Kurds wonder whether they will retain the de facto autonomy they have enjoyed under Georgian suzerainty under their new overlords.
 * Venetian Trade: Large amounts of Candian wines, olives and oil, pungent cheeses and candied citron peels arrive on ships in Georgian ports, from Candia. Large amounts of Kaffan wines, crops and iron arrive on ships in Georgian ports, from Kaffa. Ships from Venice bring a variety of Venetian and other Mediterranean goods to the ports of Georgia. Various Georgian goods are brought by the Venetian traders and transported back to Candia, Kaffa and Venice.
 * Timurid Empire: We continue the Islamization of our vassals. We continue influencing the Chagatai Khanate (Year Five out of 17). We continue working on the development of roads from Kandahar toward India. As Draka's twins turn 16, Draka plans Esther marrying a noble in the western lands of the Empire. Due to increased trades with the eastern nations we begin researching the use of gunpowder and use imported weaponry for said research.
 * Bahamani Sultanate : We work on our economy and infrastructure, the Islamization continues in our lands.
 * Jaunpur Sultanate: We work on our trade relations with neighbouring Indian nations and Islamization starts in our nation.
 * Milan: Work continues on the Certosa di Pavia, the Castle Visconteo, and on the extensive Milan Cathedral. We continue training a proper standing army, utilizing Swiss mercenaries and local recruits. With border disputes now settled between the nations of Austria and Switzerland, we continue opening friendly relations with both nations in hopes of repairing our diplomatic relations and protecting our northern border. We continue constructing cogs and galleys to strengthen our navy and protect our interests on the seas. We upgrade economy and military, as do our vassals. We ask for an alliance with the nation of Naples to ensure the safety and tranquility of Italy from foreign invasion.
 * The Jochid Ulus expands by 5000 sq km northward and eastward into the Yamal, causing a large demographic growth in this nation. The military and economy are improved; hand gonnes continue to be researched, as is a navy. Forts continue to be built throughout the nation, especially in the borders. The Mastorava continues to spread across the rapidly growing population, while record harvests continue to occur. Influencing of the Chagatai Khanate continues. The Ulus continues to trade with Venice, Byzantium and the Rus' states; relation improvements continue to be attmpted.
 * Great Perm's military and economy expands hugely. Kolvakvar grows, as does Cherdyn. Both nations have a sizeable Muslim population, but a far larger Christian one. The merchants continue to secretly teach Komi.
 * Adyghea grows by 2000 sq km. The military is improved, as is the economy. The plazas in the mountains grow.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire accepts the offer of the Venetians regarding the trade group, as the Empire has become rather rich from the trade that flows past its capital. The Emperor also summons the Venetian ambassador to discuss the Tunis problem. The economy expands because of the prospect of an economic alliance, and the Black Sea trade triangle is doing better than ever.
 * Trier: We upgrade our military and economy. We influence the states around us. We continue the war against Saxony and deploy our troops to be used by the emperor.
 * Hungary, Croatia and all the vassals of Hungary see a greater number of military fortifications made. Hungary continues to grow economically, increasing trading with each other. Hungary also keeps its armies trained and well-drilled. Bosnia is expanded 10,000 km by the army who are looking to establish control as so their borders are not affected in the future.
 * Austria: We train and expand our military using new experience from recent wars, and grow our nation economically. We also begin developing hand cannons as a future weapon in warfare after seeing its implementation on a small scale. We continue influencing our vassal states of Salzburg, Gorizia, Augsburg, Burgau, Patria del Friuli, Chur, Württemberg, the Electorate of the Palatinate, Oettingen, Ulm, and Cilli. We begin influencing Liege, Strassburg and Metz. We continue to improve relations with our Italian neighbors to the south. We increase trade with the Grand Duchy of Bavaria. The formation and organization of the newly founded kaiserliche und königliche Kriegsmarine continues, proving to be a successful investment. We continue assimilating the population of Aquileia, which has become dependent on Austrian trade and support for its defense and prosperity. We continue to grow closer through trade. We begin to extend friendly relations to France in the hopes of securing the western border of the empire and to prevent further conflict in the region. The war in Saxony is over and we recall our soldiers. A small garrison remains in Saxony to quell unrest. We propose the Treaty of Brno to officially end the war, and invite all belligerents of the conflict to attend.
 * Salzburg: The Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg orders the training of levies to be used in war. Military and economy are expanded. We attend the conference to end the war.
 * Gorizia: The nation’s fields are expanded to allow for greater agricultural yields. Trade begins with nearby nations, including Venice and Milan. Military and economy are expanded. We attend the conference to end the war.
 * Augsburg: The Mixed Imperial City of Augsburg encourages the growth of industry, producing large quantities of woven goods, cloth and textiles. The city of Augsburg is established as a major city of the Holy Roman Empire through the creation of several banking and financial institutions. We grow economically through trade routes with Austria, Bavaria, and other German states. The city’s leaders support Burgau’s conflict against Bavarian claims, although state that they will support whatever decision the emperor comes to. Military and economy are expanded. We attend the conference to end the war.
 * Aquila: Ties grow between Austria through trade and the use of our ports. We begin constructing a shipyard to further facilitate trade and shipbuilding. Military and economy are expanded. We attend the conference to end the war.
 * Chur: Military and economy are expanded. We attend the conference to end the war.
 * Württemberg: Military and economy are expanded. We attend the conference to end the war. Our government vows to support the nation of Burgau against any hostile invasion.
 * Palatinate: Military and economy are expanded. We attend the conference to end the war.
 * Oettingen: Military and economy are expanded. We attend the conference to end the war.
 * Bohemia: Military and economy are expanded. We attend the conference to end the war. We return our army to our nation, and prepare for the beginning of the conference.
 * Silesia: Military and economy are expanded. We attend the conference to end the war.
 * Moravia: Having recently acquired the title of Margrave of Moravia, Albert II tightens his grip over the regions of Brandenburg and Luxembourg. Military and economy are expanded. We attend the conference to end the war.
 * Brandenburg: Military and economy are expanded.
 * Luxembourg: Military and economy are expanded.
 * The Mamluk Sultanate, under Sultan al-Mansur Mostafa Hazem, finalizes the annexation of Nubia, which is celebrated throughout the entire empire. The area which was formerlly known as Nubia was 97% Muslim and 70% ethnically Arabic, making the annexation process relatively simple. The new Emir is still considered to be an emir, but is not a semi-autonomous emir, which is the definition of the vassal states al-Mansur continues the growth of the navy's set of caravels and frigates, and the new trading corporations continue with the wave of discoveries. The Swahili Trade and Exploration Company (STEC) launches another mission to the Kongo, and establishes a fleet--basing rights, in exchange for a constant, and small, amount of spice from the Far East. Meanwhile, the Indian Association of Free Arab Traders and Merchants (IAFATM) begins to influence Aceh, and sends an Arabic noblewoman to marry the current Sultan. Saadiq Assaf continues to expand upon his ideas about Islam, which are accepted more and more as the Caliph was overthrown. All Burji states grow economically due to a massive increase in the spice trade.
 * ​al-Sumal expands 10,000 sq km as Mogadishu continues to gain large market shares of slaves, ivory and gold. al-Swahili finalizes the vassalization of Malindi, while more and more ethnic Arabs move to the eastern coast of Africa, due to the prosperous trade taking place in that region. STEC continues to play a huge role in the region. The conversion of natives of Madagascar continues, based out of Sanafah from which the efforts are based. Tribal leaders from the south of the island begin to visit Sanafah to learn Arabic in order to organize their own states.
 * Cicilia continues construction of a large navy in order to assist with the Sultan's plans to control Eastern Mediterranean trade. Arabia, the name of Oman and Yemen since the 1432 merger, expands 10,000 sq km. Ifat and Socotra both grow 10,000 sq km.
 * Mamluk Diplomacy: After last year's great trade (especially with Candia), the Venetians are given some exclusive access to largely Muslim markets. This access is normally denied to Christian states, but the Venetians are invited in order to improve our mutual trade.
 * Mesopotamia also continues to recover from its invasion. Mesopotamia, which was hit much harder than the Sultanate proper, has more physical reconstruction to complete, leading to repairs in the city of Mosul, which is matched by progress made in Baghdad, to make sure the capital does not fall behind. Basra is officially integrated, since it has the same culture, religion, language, and ethnicities as Mesopotamia.
 * Oyo Empire: The Oyo continue their 10,000 km expansion along the coastline of West Africa, converting the population over into the Oyo Orthodox Church. The literacy program to teach these natives who to read and write begins, and in doing so, they assimilate the locals into the Oyo culture, which continues to grow as the sole dominant culture in the empire, surpassing even that of the Yoruba's who rule Oyo. With a neutral culture for the nation, integrating new tribes into the empire proceeds without issue, and even gains much applause as many tribals view the empire as a stabilizing force in West Africa. Naval power continues to increase, and control over the east-west spice trade continues unabided. The Oyo military continues its in-roads in stablizing the tribes around them, and gaining their respect as they continue their work in bringing the African people closer to Oyo as a unified people. The sea-faring skills of the Oyo grow to such a point where they are regarded as the greatest sub-Saharan naval power in Africa. Their ability to reach Arabia, Europe and India by sea allows Oyo to bridge the gap between worlds, greatly increasing both the wealth and power of the empire.
 * Benin: The Benin Orthodox Church continues to preach the faith to the people, whilst increasing the ability of the people to read and write as well. Like in Oyo's new lands, as the people are being taught the more popular and universally accepted Yoruba language, the cultural identity of Benin begins to find itself assimilating into that of Oyo's. Benin increases its military, economy and infrastructure, while expanding 10,000 km into the southeast Central Africa.
 * Ife: Ife increases its military, economy and infrastructure.
 * Aragon. Normal stuff. Economy. Infrastructure. Naval power. Trade influence expands around the Mediterranean. Aragon begins to send merchants to Madrid to see if they can accompany Castilian ships to Africa.
 * UNC: The UNC works on its economy, drawing new trade routes in and around the Baltic Sea. Novgorod and Prussia are both offered non-aggression treaties. Beowulf continues to grow in popularity, especially in Denmark and Sweden
 * Zapotec: Emperor Tlaco expands Danibaan's influence in the surrounding city-states by way of the Zapotec Alliance. Roadways connecting cities in the alliance help merchants and soldiers move more freely between them. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. In the coastal regions under Danibaan's influence, more boats are created. Tlaco orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Daibaan continues expanding into the surrounding city-states north along the gulf coast.

1434
'''In Rome, Pope Gregory XII dies. In the subsequent conclave, the Roman cardinal Giordano Orsini is elected, and takes the papal name of Celestine VI.'''

The foundation stone of Nantes Cathedral in Nantes, Brittany, is laid.

Zara Yaqob becomes Emperor of Ethiopia.

'''A group of enraged miners and peasants burn the castle of Borganäs near Borlänge. The tension spread, causing several assaults on castles across Sweden. Nobleman Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson officially becomes the rebel leader, commanding a peasant army. '''

Suero de Quiñones and his companions stage the Passo Honroso at the Órbigo in León.

The University of Catania is founded in Sicily.

Jan van Eyck paints the Arnolfini Portrait.

'''Following the example of Castile, who has been exploring and trading along the African coast for several years now, Portuguese explorer Gil Eanes rounds Cape Bojador in Western Sahara, thus destroying the legends of the "Dark Sea" among the Portuguese people. '''

'''In China, a long episode of drought, flood, locust infestation, and famine cripple agriculture and commerce in areas throughout the country. This causes economic points and infrastructure points to be worth half their normal value until the famine ends, and is not expected to be reversed for another ten to fifteen years.'''

'''In a few regions of the recently annexed Nubian emirate, some trouble begins with the remaining Christians. With aid from the new Ethiopian Emperor, they continue the guerrilla war and continue to migrate into Ethiopia.'''

In Al-Swahili a rebellion breaks out against their king claiming him to be only a puppet of a group of foreigners, the nation is divided into the loyalists and the rebellious peoples and the nation pleads for the aid of their master nation to quell this rebellion.

'''In Arabia, a group of disgruntled Omani nobles, who had lost massive power after the large war in the region, begin to secretly talk about initiating a revolt. As news from the Al-Swahili Rebellion reaches Omani lands, the nobles decide to wait for the right time and prepare themselves for a long war.'''

'''The tide turns in the Burgau Civil War when the government military is routed in a decisive battle outside the city. Pro-Bavarian peasants manage to secure the upper hand against the Burgau government soon after. '''


 * The United Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia: Gunpowder weapons are also researched. Many new shops and workshops open in the trade cities along the coast. The Galati University continues to train scholars and theologians. Prince Michael realizes the ineffectiveness of the army while watching drills performed by levies. He orders a re-organization of the army by town and then province calling for the creation of 15,000 pikes in the coming years. Also, those men of high enough wealth and standing are ordered to maintain a lance, horse and armor for the defense of the nation. Breaking from tradition, however, a new force is created, comprised of those who are wealthy, but not of noble birth. The unit will be light cavalry armed with lances and light armor, to combat enemy skirmishers and raiders. On a more homely note, Cneajna, the princess has borne a son for MIchael. The boy is named Radu after his grandfather, and will perhaps one day become prince.
 * ​Munster: King Eamon continues to build up respect as a good ruler amongst his vassals and other Irish lords. Some vessels begin going farther south, into areas in Africa, mostly Castilian Gibraltar, but some people wonder what lies in the interior of the continent, as we have travelled to West Africa. Some ships make it to Oyo, and we ask to open formal trade relations with Oyo. Queen Mary gives birth to twins, Thomas II, male and Ennis, female. Many reactionary Normans see the current situation as the end of a Roman Catholic and Norman-ruled Ireland. As such, sentiments arise amongst the nobility against the King, and revolts occur in Cork, which are put down by the government forces. King Eamon asks to meet the King of England to discuss the growing Norman reactionary movement. The road in Mayo continues to spread north, with clans settling along it. Our influence continues to spread, and many clans convert to Western Catholicism. At this moment in time, slightly less than half of Mayo is vassalized by Munster. The Confederation of Eire is formed under Albion, and it is popular amongst coastal clans in Mayo looking for money from trade. However, we open it to all Irish nations and clans to join into it. (This will be similar to a closely-bound alliance ingame). The Slavacha Guard grows, with many Slavs from all over Eastern Europe signing up. They are equipped with the most modern and nasty weapons and trained to the fullest by some of the best warriors in Albion. A monk known as Fionn begins to travel across the Isle picking up tales and myths of various tribes before they die out, and begins to put together a journal of what he sees. He passes into the north, realm of isolated clans between the Anglo-Irish realms of Ulster and Munster. We begin to influence Leinster and we open our borders to them, allowing Leinsterians to enter Munster and become immersed in modern Irish culture. Some return wanting to join the Confederation, and we send formal diplomats into Leinster's borders. Serious talks of a merger arise, with many believing in the Munsterian ideal of a strong, united Ireland. (Year Three of Five in vassalization). Munsterian traders establish a settlement in northern England.
 * Oyo Response: We agree to the request, and welcome Munster to our docks with open arms and wallets.
 * Hamburg-Brunswick-Lüneburg: Lippe is vassalized, while Bruchhausen enters it ninth year. Meanwhile, the merging of Hamburg and Brunswick-Lüneburg nears completion. Heinrich Volkard paints a new piece, All Trade Routes Lead to Hamburg, a play on the phrase "all roads lead to Rome". It depicts ships flying the flags of Venice, Castile, the UNC, England, etc., as well as caravans marked with the colors of states from France, Prussia among others, all converging on the city. The Dutch reformists, as well as an influx of Western Church member via traders, continue to preach in Hamburg, though many in the city remain true to the Roman Church. Though mostly satisfied with the favorable terms written in the Treaty of Brno, many remain concerned about Austria's territorial and influential gains, especially since three electors are subordinate to Austria. A captain in the HTSC, Johann Von Lutz, tells a group of friends he desires to cross the equator, stunning them. He is written off by many as crazy, but he begins to save funds for his journey. Hamburg takes notice in the new disturbances in the UNC, and are concerned that it partly stems from Holstein, Hamburgs northern neighbor. Fortunately, the Hamburg-Copenhagen highway is finished, and the builders are sent home.
 * Lippe: Economy is built up, Hamburger troops move in for defense.
 * Grand Duchy of Moscow (and the rest of the realm): With the integration of Oka, the central portion of the Rus’ stands united against all external threat, vital farmland grows a surplus of food for the nation. Military development continues. Aristotle and a workforce of over 50,000 continue to build and bring Moscow to glory. Elizabeth of Moscow, the sister of Dmitry I begins to look for a husband after becoming 19. Our offer to the Pskov Republic still stands and is awaiting response. 
 * ​​Italian Dip: King Charles I, is willing to accept a marriage union with Elizabeth of Moscow.
 * Muscovite Diplomacy: We accept the royal marriage request.
 * Pskov Diplomacy: The Pskovian Prince accepts the offer of becoming the head of the Moscow Mint, and hopefuly creating a single currency for all Rus'. The zolotnik and the ruble shall be known across the realms of the Earth!
 * Venetian Diplomacy: Venice asks that Moscow keep the ducat as the primary trade currency, in return for doing so Venice shall trade salt along with other goods through the Muscovite Black Sea ports at rates favourable to the Moscovites.
 * Muscovite Diplomacy: (The ruble didn't exist until the early 1500s) In response to Venetian diplomacy, we will keep the ducat as one of the official currencies.
 * You do realise that the ducat is only minted in Venice, correct? The ducat was not the official currency, and that most trade was done in amounts of gold. The ducat was, however, due to its consistency (unlike many other currencies at the time that were subject to change without notice or were just not reliable weight), the preferred currency of traders, because they could put prices in ducats knowing it would be the same weight today as it will be 30 years from now, something they could not say for other currencies ... the things that make it reliable is that they are ONLY minted in Venice, which would give Muscovy de facto dependency on Venetians in terms of monies ... something unfavorable ...
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Landshut expands its military. The population continues to rise. Heinrich and his council continue to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with thirty-five large carracks being finished, and by 1434 a trade route is put in place. Such important places in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany. The planned market center in Landshut continues to be developed, with completion expected next year. In religious news, Albert II opens up the country to the Hollander reformists and preachers, noting that the Reformation from the west is a good answer to the current schism and would be a suitable replacement. Subsequently, a small group of dedicated Reformists arise in Munchen. By 1434, many of the Grand Duke's council belong to the Hollander reform movement. In December, many Reformists began practicing in Landshut. In sad news, Heinrich XVI dies in early March, and his 28 year old son, Albert, succeeds him as Grand Duke Albert II of Bavaria. Isabell, now in the autumn of her life, remains in Landshut. Later in the month, Princess Elisabeth of Naples arrives in Landshut. After a brief engagement, Albert and Elisabeth marry in July. In other news, Charles, the younger brother of Grand Duke Albert, has twin daughters, whom he names Isabell and Eleanor.
 * ​​Munchen: The main campus of Queen Isabell University is completed, and the beginning courses include French, Latin, English, and Greek as well as theology, clergy training and mathematics being taught. By 1434, the total class amounts to about 1300 people. Troops authorized by Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed in Munchen as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed in Straubing as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed in Ingolstadt as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders. Continuing in 1434, the chaotic government of Burgau is replaced by Bavarian military rule, greatly aided by the overthrow of the remaining pro-Austrian government by Bavarian peasants.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Venetian Diplomacy: Venice offers its sorrow for the loss of the good king Heinrich but also welcomes another great reign for the new king sending him a gift of an ornate Venetian sword. The Doge asks whether one of the daugthers of the Kings brother would marry the Doge's grandson, 4 years of age this year, who is also called Christofo. (SECRET: the Doge informs that the position of Doge shall become hereditary once more, marriage would join Bavaria and Venice together in alliance and blood truly, and further, the grandson of the Doge is second in line to the position of Doge of Venice, after his father only as well as second in line to the rulership of Epirus).
 * Bavarian Dip: Grand Duke Albert II gladly accepts Venice's warmhearted gift and offers Princess Isabell to be betrothed to Christofo
 * Kingdom of Italy: King Ladislaus I continues the reforms, and improves the economy and the military. Continues the construction and improvement of shipyards and production of new boats to combat in the Mediterranean. Territorial defense continues being built based on border forts. The relation with the Byzantine Empire continue strong. The Naval Academy in Taranto continues the technological research with Venice. The King continue to give new impetus to the culture within the kingdom and its vassal states, in art, science, etc. The policy of rapprochement toward Sicily continue, and also our influence on the island for future vassalization. After the successful war against Savoy, and the annexation of said County, to the kingdom, the king Ladislaus calls for a general assembly of all the courts of the Neapolitan dominions: As the dominant power in the Italian region and having the blessing of Pope next to us, also the sincere friendship and alliance of the neighboring countries, he believes necessary to form a state that represents such power, and founded on the basis of Naples, the Kingdom of Italy, being crowned as Ladislaus I of Italy, and receiving the crown from the new Pope Celestine VI. Unfortunately after the coronation of the King, this falls ill. His disease is unknown and their personal doctors do their best to keep him alive, but ultimately can not avoid his death in May. The funeral is huge, and the king's body is buried is Naples, in the courtyard of the Church of St Clare. After this unfortunate event, life goes on. Ladislaus son, Charles, becomes the new King of Italy, under the name of Charles I, in a lavish ceremony at the Basilica of St John Lateran.
 * Grand Duchy of Tuscany: Improves the economy and the military. The economic prosperity of the previous years is accented with commercial junction providing by Italy and Genoa, and the city of Florence is the commercial nexus among all the Italian states. Frederick I helps promote economic prosperity, gives incentives to help manufacturing output grow, and improve access roads to make the trade more fluid and profitable. The army is formed to the image of the Italian army, with gradual use of new firearms that become quite popular. Frederick I became a great patron and the Tuscan nobles follow this particular policy. The artists, protected and maintained by the nobles and bourgeois rising, unleash their creativity
 * Duchy of Genoa: Improves the economy and the military. The Duchy of Genoa continues trading from the Black Sea to the Straits of Gibraltar, using new models of ships with cargo holds of more spacious and allow greater profit. With the help of Italian military fleet, try to force richest commercial rights in Tunisian ports. In Genoa the boom in production of luxury items continue. The pressure of the Genoese traders in Tunis is growing, and combined with the presence of Christian missionaries, who at the same time serve commercial spies; is accomplished the capture of a lot of exotic products that are not easy to get due to the conflicts and trade barriers in the Near East, and the axis between Tunis and Genoa is strengthened. The Genoese economy restarts its golden age.
 * Duchy of Ferrara: Improves the economy and the military. The paper industry is forging ahead, and also the making of looms, making this duchy in one of the most productive in northern Italy. Duke Niccolo I continue the loyal service to Italy.
 * Duchy of Corsica: Improves the economy and the military. The exploitation of salt mines and silver continues. In the same way, the vine crops increase in extension and quality, and the manufacture of wine each year improves in quality and quantity, and is recognized as the best European wine. On the island of Corsica a boom of mercenaries continues. The Italian army started recruiting many Corsicans, making them a legend in terms of ferocity and skill in the skirmishes and battles.
 * Marquisate of Modena: Improves the economy and the military. Niccolo is dedicated to art and culture, encouraging painters, sculptors and architects that embellish this little Marquisate, leading Italian opulence to a new level. Marquis Niccolo I continues the loyal service to Italy.
 * Principality of Zeta: Improves the economy and the military. Dairy cattle production increases, and in the same way the manufacture of better quality cheese, they continue to be exported to Italy, Hungary and Byzantium. The Prince Giovanni I continues the cultural boom. Vassalization of Berat continue.
 * Vatican City: The new Pope Celestine VI continue the campaign of evangelization in the lands of the Balkans. Missionaries continue to be sent to support the Order of St John, and a special group of these is working in North Africa, especially in Tunisia, where they try to recover the core of Christians. The Pope like his predecessor condemns all those who come to the false churches that are being created in Europe. The Pope Celestine VI in his speeches also continue condemning the current lack of security of pilgrims traveling to the Holy Land, which the Christian nations have a priority to recover these places and they are missing to the will of God.
 * County of Provence: The reform of the administration continues, adapting the Italian model which has had so much success. Improves economy through trade, and manufacturing cloth. The military camp is also improved, adding new equipment and Italian military ideas.
 * Duchy of Anjou: As in Provence, the Duchy transformation is performed. The economy and military improve.
 * Alencon: The economy and military improve.
 * Narbonne: The economy and military improve.
 * Vendome: The economy and military improve.
 * Venetian Diplomacy: Cautious of the new Italian Kingdom, and wary of the possible ambitions of those within, Venice declares that Venetians shall no longer associate their culture with the Italians of the mainland. The Doge asks that the Italian Kingdom recognise both Milan and Venice as states with separate cultures and as states whose sovereignty is recognised as absolute by the new Kingdom. Amongst the people of Venice a folk belief occurs that the first King of Italy died not of disease but of godly curse for the deadly sin of envy. Many peasants say that there are already enough Kings and Emperors to deal with, and that Venice doesn't need another one so close to their lands. while the merchants are more interested in the possible proft to be gained from the suckling Kingdom.
 * Novgorod: We continue the production of Koch boats, cannons, hand cannons, advanced crossbows, swords, and composite bows, increasing our military capabilities in case of war. The nation’s training and advancement of military continues. We are producing our new crossbow, and we send the first 50 crossbows to Mecklenburg to test out and the other 250 to test in our nation. We expand north (by 14 pixels) into undiscovered land. The recent classes of Koch ships are being manufactured in Novgorod. The town of St Patriksburg’s population grows a bit more that last year. As the construction of the town improves, the Kremlin finishes, trade becoming more in demand, the town gains slightly. Because of the trade road built with Tver our economy increases. We are still talking about the possible unification of the Rus’ with Muscovy. The Russian language is spreading throughout the nation. After seeing a great success with the private schools in the City of Novgorod, St Patriksburg, Staraya Russa, and Nizhny Novgorod. We start building another private school in Rostov and Yaroslavl. We complete building private schools in Torzhok and a private school in Staraya Ladoga. In the year 1445, we will annex Rostov and Yaroslavl in to Novgorod. We vassalized Tver, and we are looking to annex Rostov in the year 1445, Yaroslavl in the year 1446, and Tver in the year 1447.
 * Tver: We complete the construction of the private school in Tver and we start the new one. We upgrade our military after being a vassal of Novgorod. We upgrade our economy because of the trade established between Yaroslavl, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod.
 * Yaroslavl: We complete the construction of the private school in Yaroslavl and we start the new one. We upgrade our military after being a vassal of Novgorod. We upgrade our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod.
 * Rostov: We completed the construction of the private school in Rostov and start the new one. We upgrade our military after being a vassal of Novgorod. We upgrade our economy because of the trade established between Tver,Yaroslavl, Muscovy and Novgorod.
 * France: The military and navy are built up, the vassalage of Limoges and Armagnac begins, Continues establishing its own entity to deal with the religious crisis left by the schism. While this, Prince Louis turns ten and continues attending a renowned school in Paris learning about politics and theology, navy experience a huge boost due to trade with North Africa through St Marie d'Africa. The alliance with Austria is reviewed, but for now France states neutrality is their best policy.
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up. The same choice made by the French is taken by the Burgundians as they feel the same way to France. Burgundy is reluctant to do as Brabant-Hainaut-Holland desires and says it will consider it.
 * Flanders: Military and navy are built up, economy expands.
 * Blois: Military, economy expand.
 * Dunois: Military and economy expand.
 * Angouleme: Military and economy expand.
 * Parthenay: Military and economy expand.
 * Perigord: Military and economy expand.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy expand.
 * Orleans: Military and economy expand.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up.
 * Berry: Military and economy are built up.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Auvergne: Military and economy are built up.
 * Forez: Military and economy are built up.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up.
 * Zapotec: Emperor Tlaco expands Danibaan's influence in the surrounding city-states by way of the Zapotec Alliance. Roadways connecting cities in the alliance help merchants and soldiers move more freely between them. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. In the coastal regions under Danibaan's influence, more boats are created. Tlaco orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Daibaan continues expanding into the surrounding city-states north along the gulf coast.
 * Prussia: The Prussians officially vassalize Courland. The conversion process picks up, especially on the pagans and the Catholics. The endless supply of condescending and apathetic criticism coming from Rome does not endear them to anyone. The Prussians officially finish the construction of a new mint in Konigsberg to produce the Prussian Reichsthaler. Another mint is constructed in Danzig to produce ducats, which are still considered to be the main trade currency of Europe. The rise of Brabant-Hainaut-Holland as a major trade power only serves to cement the ducat's prominence.
 * Masovia: The Kingdom of Masovia also continues recovering their economy, and continues building a new national army. The Masovians continue construction of their capital at Czersk. The Masovians also begin converting to the Western Church.
 * Pomerania: The Pomeranians continue building their economy and continue building a new national army. The Pomeranians also begin converting to the Western Church.
 * Courland: The Curonians also begin developing their economy and military.
 * Portugal continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Leiname. Meanwhile, the colony in Santa Maria expands by 200 sq km, as São Miguel continues to be settled. Meanwhile, Leonor de Castro gives birth to a girl, who is named Felipa. She dies some days after her birth. Meanwhile, Pedro de Avis, Afonso V's son, dies.
 * County of Oldenburg: The Count continues vassalising Osnabruck with the process entering its sixteenth and final year. Oldenburgers now hold most key administrative positions in the episcopal government, and with the Prince-Bishop fading fast, Oldenburger troops are placed near the border. Prince Frederick turns sixteen, and the search for a wife begins. In other news, the OHG and its Northern Chamber both make good profits. Venice is thanked for the trade last year, and the OHG asks if it can set up a warehouse in Venice. The Norwegian Crown is again asked if outposts can be built on the Greenlandic coast for the OHG whaling and sealing fleet to use.
 * Venetian Diplomacy: Venice decides to sanction this and as a sign of goodwill also offers to grant them favourable exchange rates with the Venetian ducat, a coin widely used for trade. Although the Doge asks that in return Venice be allowed to set up their own warehouses in Oldenburg, which in truth would allow more trade as well as possible future investments.
 * Oldenburger Diplomacy: The Count thanks the Doge for favouring Oldenburg so highly, and gladly grants the request for warehouses. He even gives the Venetians a 100 year free lease on the prime waterfront land.
 * The Mamluk Sultanate, continues to experience some civil unrest. Sultan al-Mansur Mostafa Hazem recognizes that the empire he rules is made up of a number of minorities, notably Christians in Nubia and the Copts. As a result, Copts are offered minor subsidies to relocate to Armenia or Georgia, a deal which about 15,000 accept. In the Nubian Emirate, the guerrilla warfare continues. The new Emir is moderately unpopular with the Muslims because he is seen as not having reduced tensions with the Christians enough. The merchants also begin to turn against him, as the war draws from their profits. al-Mansur continues the growth of the navy's set of caravels and frigates, and the new trading corporations continue with the wave of discoveries. The Swahili Trade and Exploration Company (STEC) launches a mission from Sanafah, stopping at the Kongo, and then sailing all the way to Benin. Meanwhile, the Indian Association of Free Arab Traders and Merchants (IAFATM) continues to influence Aceh. Saadiq Assaf dies in Alexandria this year. In memory of the great thinker, Halil bin Sana, himself aging, dedicates the theological section of the Library of Alexandria as the Saadiq Assaf Theological Library. Education at both universities (Alexandria and Damascus) continues strongly. Greater interaction with the Venetians has resulted in an interest in learning Latin, which catches on in some regions. Mesopotamia begins to pay attention to the intellectual movement in the Mamluk state. As a result, it is decided that a large university shall be built in Baghdad, and construction begins. In addition, the ideas of Saadiq Assaf begin to spread among the local clergy. All Burji states grow militarily as tensions appear to pick back up.
 * ​al-Sumal expands 10,000 sq km as Mogadishu continues to gain large market shares of slaves, ivory and gold. al-Swahili experiences catastrophe as a rebellion breaks out. The Emir of al-Swahili's petitions to the Sultan have not gone unheard, and about 4000 troops arrive, putting down the rebels. To prevent any future issues, al-Swahili is given much greater freedom, and the old ministers and ambassadors are removed. Malindi is prepared to be added to the Swahili state. More and more ethnic Arabs move to the eastern coast of Africa, due to the prosperous trade taking place in that region. About 25% of all Swahili and Sumalians are ethnically Arabic, and all are Muslim. STEC continues to play a huge role in the region. The conversion of natives of Madagascar continues, based out of Sanafah from which the efforts are based. Tribal leaders from the south of the island begin to visit Sanafah to learn Arabic in order to organize their own states.
 * Cicilia continues construction of a large navy in order to assist with the Sultan's plans to control Eastern Mediterranean trade. Ifat and Socotra both grow 10,000 sq km.
 * Venetian Diplomacy: The Doge, after having received an envoy from the Mamluks, realises that Tunis might have to wait. He is intriuged in the take-up of Latin in the universities of the Mamluks and decides to support the growth of Latin and Veneto (which is already used by officials in Mamluk ports) in their lands, influencing with his trading connections to do this. The Doge asks that the Mamluks refuse traders from other Christian nations except those that are part of the Mediterranean Trade League (Venice and the Roman Empire), in return the Venetians will ally with the Mamluks and the Romans can do so too if they wish. He states that this would bring the Venetians, Romans and Mamluks close together and provide mutual defence against the Ottomans as well as cement the interests of Venice and Mamluks together. This is the kind of agreement we talked about on chat.
 * With the Prince of Pskov officially becoming the head of the Moscovian Mint after the Introduction of the new currency, the exchange bureau starts making much money after the Prince decrees that all ducats received shall be turned over to the office, which shall for the moment give "notes" to how much gold the person has turned over to the office, if not enough zolotniks are in existence, and give back the money in about a week after they are melted down and reminted. This backup measure of issuing "notes" in the absence of hard currency was only needed in the extreme cases when the wealthy turned over more than 3000 ducats, since the production and melting down of zolotniks was currently underway when the government collected taxes and last year when the exchange office opened and the office went at a 16/10 ducat = 1 zolotnik exchange rate (getting one zolotnik for the treasury for every 10 zolotniks given) ... anyway ... the governement acquires much money, and asks the other realms of Rus' to adopt this currency as well, to have a uniform and co-ordinated minting process, something aided by the fact that the title of "Head of the Muscovian Mint" was added to the title of "Prince of Pskov". With the addition of Venetian traders going into Moscow, this looks like a good time for trade to prosper in Russia, and with more money, Pskov is looking into getting firearms ... perhaps ... in the future ... anyway, here is the article about the new weights system in Pskov ... for anyone interested...
 * Venetian Diplomacy: The Doge warns that if the Pskovians are melting down Venetian ducats to make their own coins it shall be taken as a great affront to the sovereignty of Venice. The Doge demands that the Prince declares his intent concerning the creation of the zolotnik when the Venetian ducat serves the purpose of a universal trade currency.
 * The Pskovian Prince assures that the zolotnik is just a way of making the currency used in Pskov and Russia a reliable one, so that trade could be in price instead of pure weight, and so that the currency is consistent ... also, assures that all the gold in the treasury is being melted down regardless of origin ... all gold from the collection of taxes, mining, gifts declared useless, etc ... (This is actually what all governments do, melt down their precious metals to make their currency, and most governments make their own, and don't rely on foreign powers' mercy to mint their coins for them.) which will soon only be accepted in zolotniks, with private exchange offices paying a fee to exchange other currencies into zolotniks on the basis of how much they weigh. Also to mention, the ducat was simply a gold coin minted in Venice, and, due to the fact that traders can rely upon it to have a consistent weight regardless of the year minted, became the prefered trade currency, and is in no way universal.
 * Mayan Empire: We expand 100 pixels south and east. Our navy reports succes in defeating the pirates that have been terrorizing our coast. We build obsidion mines, and make iron weapons. Cavalry becomes a very powerful part of the military, and economic prosperity continues.
 * I didn't think the Mayans had domesticated the horse and I didn't think they would've learned how to ride them either let alone breed them for carrying humans.
 * Actually, I'm not a mod, but I'm gonna cross out the parts about the cavalry right now because horses did not exist in the Americas until the Europeans brought them over so ... basically this could never happen in the real world because there were zero horses in the Americas ... until Europeans show up ...
 * I agree there is no way in hell the Mayans, or any American civ used cavalry or horsemanship. SwankyJ (talk) 17:01, March 7, 2014 (UTC)
 * Venetian Republic:
 * In Veneto: The Venetian Revival Continues The Arsenal of Coixa finished its dry run without hiccup, this year 300 cogs are manufactured for the Venetian fleet, they are mainly used for trade outside the mediterranean as they are better suited to the high winds of the open seas than galleys. The new Venetian Fleet asserts its dominance over trade in the Mediterranean once more and now with the new cogs expands its trade influence. With the establishment of the Mediterranean Trade League, the Venetian and Roman trade booms, the trade share of Venice and the Byzantines in the Mediterranean grows and leaves them in control of close to 40% of trade in the Mediterranean (this is due to sheer trade capacity as well as controlling key points). The trade control increases use of the Venetian ducat and the Doge declares a new minting of ducats and other coins, trying to keep the Venetian currency standard and current. The Hamburg-Venetian voyage sails once more south along the western Saharan coast but fears they cannot go any farther south than just north of the equator without a local port, the Venetian captain writes to the Doge telling him of their issue. Venetian ships are becoming a common sight across Europe and trade in cities all along the coast of the continent as well as along cities of the coasts of Africa and Asia (Middle East), too. Giovanni Bonmont (OTL Johannes Gutenberg) is inspired and works upon an invention privately while also participating in the construction of glass mirrors believed to capture the light off holy relics. Christofo Roscol, now 50 years of age is old and knows it, he makes it his goal to finish the republican reforms before he passes away. In foreign news, considering the issue of Tunis to be complex the Doge looks for another target for expansion, upon receiving the letter from the Venetian Captain, he decides to prepare for the invasion of Morocco. Mil-turn
 * In Porto Tolle: Trade continues to flow to Naples and Milan, Porto Tolle gains in population as people flee the internal wars of Naples hoping to start again in the Republic of Venice which is seen as more stable.
 * In Istra: With the trade agreement signed, Istra flourishes and the people rejoice. Terrano wine increases in price due to the demand with grape growers and wine merchants finding it difficult to quench the thirst of Hungary. The Doge, in honour of the great developments announces a grand tourney to be held outside the capital of Istra, Pola, as peasants, nobles and merchants flood to the tourney the settlement becomes swollen with people and wealth. Various goods leave the nation for Hungary and Venice, such as lime, cement, bricks and stone as well as these wine unique to the region known as Terrano wine is sold almost exclusively in Hungary and Venice.
 * In the Epirote Free Ports: The school for artisans in Saranda finishes and the government pays good money to fill it with Venetian Masters ready to teach students of the city. Titani's influx begins to slow now and Preveza finds that theirs has almost stopped. Salted fish, feta cheese, wool and goat meat are traded particularly this year with the Romans, Mamluks and Italy, the new trade league carries goods far though bringing them to Castile as well.
 * In the Peloponnese: Argos continues renovations and the Peloponnese trade fleet takes products from the local area to the Hungarians in the west, garnering a good profit due to the tourney. Olive oil and wine are exported this year, mainly along land routes to Byzantine Greece.
 * In Attica: Marathons port should be finished next year. Farmers and artisans in Marathon continue to work, bringing wealth to the region and encouraging the nobles to prepare for possible trade. The Nobles buy a single ship for the Attican fleet which shall operate like Venices, not wishing to overcommit they do not plan on buying more until profits appear.
 * Epirote Republic: The port of Filiates continues to be built while the construction of the road from the port to the capital finishes and brings much needed infrastructure to the lands, facilitating trade with the Free Ports. The port still has one more year of construction estimated to be left. Basic trade through the temporary port continues. The Republic summons all the ships it can and hires a mercenary force, declaring support for the Doge's proposed campaign against Morroco. Mil-turn
 * Venetian Empire:
 * Candia: The small tariff continues to maintain the Candian fleet. More people migrate to Candia, taking up residence in the various lands that are being granted to immigrant families. Trade through Candia grows and Candian wines, olives and oil, pungent cheeses and candied citron peels are traded primarily this year with the Romans, Mamluks and Wallachia. Candian trade now also favours stopping in the Crimea and Georgia and in the west they stop in Castile. Eco-turn
 * Corfu: With the finishing line for the forts in eight years, the construction drags on but many passersby and travellers are awed by the fortified isle and the line of forts and many share tales of the island of turrets and towers far and wide. Speculation as to the differences that Corfu will have in governance spread and many ideas both logical and silly are on the tongues of lords and peasants alike. Corfiot wine and olive oil is traded through the Epirote Free Ports and finds profit in Castile and Italy. Mil-turn
 * Kaffa: The census shows a good growth, nothing exceptional but higher than it would have been. Victor is confident that further natural growth will do fine for Kaffa, but is keen to encourage it should it not serve to gorw Kaffa well. Kaffa the city is becoming a pivotal point in Black Sea trade and Victor Borozzi hopes that it will become the Venice of the Black Sea. The Kaffan navy acts as the crux of the salt trade, with ships from Venice being freed to carry more black sea trade. Wines, crops and iron from Kaffa are traded to the Byzantines (specifically the Byzantines in Crimea but the rest as well), Jochid Ulus, Wallachians, Georgians and Ottomans, in order of trade volume. Trade also reaches the Mamluks. The Kaffa salt trade continues to make the region prosper and most of the salt trade ends up in Venice but also Constantinople. Eco-turn
 * Naxos: The immigration to Naxos begins to slow as many lords are refusing to take on more people in their lands. However, Naxos the city continues to swell as people rush to be a part of the wealth there. Naxian traders sell fruits and cattle to the Romans, the Mamluks. The Duke dies in his ship as it wrecks of the coast of Naxos, along with him, his heir dies. With a succession crisis at hand and the possibility of vassals breaking away from Naxian hegemony, the various Hospitallers taken over governance with force before a claimant appears. However, their unity is fragile as the various groups of Hospitallers are eager to sieze power for their faction. The Doge looks worryingly at Naxos. Eco-turn
 * Aegina: Aegina focuses on trading with Athens. Immigrants do trickle into Aegina, as Athens sends more rejects its way. With the Duke of Naxos dead, Geragio decides to hold fire and wait to see how events develop but hopes to leave the hedgemony of Naxos. Aegina does not have the manpower of the other Naxian vassals, Athens and Negroponte, but it might be able to secure assistance from Athens should they decide to throw off the Naxian yolk. Eco-turn
 * Athens: The Athenian Navy maintains its size. Trade with Portugal and Castile continues and with the Mediterranean Trade League lessening competition, Athens looks into Black Sea trade which is now being called the "Golden Sea" in Athens for its wealth in trade. Athens trades with Wallachia and Georgia, keeping its investments on the safe side. Frederico is old and fears that conflict with their leige Naxos will end badly. However, many of his advisors support Athenian severing of vassalage but he keeps them reigned in for now, aware that the Doge in Venice wants no internal conflict when he is looking to expand across seas. Eco-turn
 * Negroponte: Mining continues at good levels supporting spending in the city. The interest on the state debt is paid. Spending in the city of Negropont this year is largely on assisting the building of homes. Negropontean lignite, iron, nickel and marble are traded with Venice and Rome almost exclusively. With the dawn of the Mediterranean Trade League, profits rise as Constantinople becomes completely open for the various metal and mineral trades. The Gastaldo is careful with the Naxian crisis, with the current debt in Negroponte it is terrible to think of even trying to raise any force to severe the ties of vassalage, and with the Doge looking overseas, he negotiates with the ruling Hospitalar to half his tribute in return for swearing immediate allegiance to the new Naxian government. Eco-turn
 * Ragusa: The Mediterranean Trade League causes a boom in Ragusa, helping to ease the transition into vassalage for many Ragusans. The Ragusan fleet heads east and decides to try to maximise trade with the east, they begin to gather spices and silks from across the Mamluk ports and bring them to Venice for trade across Europe. Eco-turn
 * ​Japan (Ashikaga Clan): We fix up our roads and add outposts in different areas just to watch out for more enemies trying to attack us. We build up our economy by fixing trade routes to the Usegi state. Around our capital city we continue to build a giant fort - walls and towers that go around the whole city. Since war is over for now, we go back to rebuilding our first college of Japan. We increase our military by adding more troops to our borders. Feeling safe we send our traders back on the roads to trade with the other states. We increse our port cities to increse trade. Due to the lack of money, we coin our own currency with all of the gold, silver, and bronze we have. Gold= 50 OTL America dollars. Silver= 20 OTL American dollars. Bronze= 1 OTL America dollars. We spread our currency all over the island of Japan to share with the other states.
 * Mod response, done.
 * Just so everybody knows, I hope to rejoin PMIII in the future. As of right now I am very busy with college and scholarship work, so I will not be active for a while. If Monster Pumpkin could post for me once and a while because I will be gone. Please do not kill my nation. Daeseunglim (talk) 14:06, March 7, 2014 (UTC)
 * Ming China: Continues to reform. The Xuande Emperor continues the policy of seeking "wen" (knowledge) over "wu" (violence). However, that does not mean that the military is neglected. However, he replaced many powerful figures with others of lesser birthright but great capabilities. Minor revolts spring up due to this policy but the majority of the population is happy with the change. It also lessens corruption greatly. The naval facilities in the ChangJiang are expanded. Korea, Qara Del, Haixi and Tainan expand their economies. Lao Xing is influenced further and relations with the Emperor, Kyushu and Vietnam grow warmer and warmer.
 * Sicily improves its infrastructure.
 * The Nation of the Oirats: Cement and iron increases in production. Iron weapons is now majorly used. More firearm smiths are built in Oskemen. More beer is fermented and it becomes a popular drink for the nomads. As we increase in population, we slowly target our expansion northward. We expand 20 px to the North. We speed up our expansion North and East towards Lake Baikal. We continue buying books from Ming dynasty.
 * Oirat D to Ming: To show our friendship with the Ming dynasty, we send our largest and most fertile sheeps to Ming for them to grow a large group of sheep for food.
 * Bengal Sultanate: The decrease in taxes on the landed elite do their job in most areas of the Sultanate, decreasing the tax load on the peasantry and earning him their support. The tax cuts on the merchant class allow for more trade to be conducted, and a recent lax on some of the quota laws allows for more goods to be shipped from Bengal, greatly increasing trade income. Influence grows on Ahom and Koch, as we provide much of their food, and many of their other goods since they trade exclusively with us. The money gained from the trade continues to arm the various levies of the Sultanate, the landed elite, Orissa, and Arakan. Trade with the states of Ava, Koch, Garjat, and Ahom continues, with influence being placed through trade on Ava and Garjat. Cash crops continue to be grown in large amounts. The vassalization process continues on Aoch and Kohm (Year Nineteen). With our merchants traveling to Ava, Koch, Ahom and Arakan regularly, Islam continues to grow in their nations. Most all trade roads begin to see much-needed maintenance. The merchants that continually travel between Kohm, Aoch and Ava continue to allow for some of the populations of those nations to continue to convert to Islam. Due to trade with China and other Middle Eastern nations, cannon and hand cannon designs become more common, leading most of the landed elite to continue to outfit their levies with cannons and hand cannons. Due to Bengal having control over lands of multiple ethnicities and religions, literary works in the form of poems and epics begin to take influence from all three religions of the Sultanate.
 * Kingdom of Arakan: Due to their trade being controlled mainly by Bengal for many years, their vassalization by Bengal has allowed them to open up their ports to other nations, and serve as resting point for many Bengali traders. Due to the influx of Islamic merchants into Arakan, the entire population in Arakan begin to see many more conversions of their residents to Islam. The son of the Bengali Sultan, Zulfiqar Padma Shah continues to control of the Kingdom. Since he is only fifteen years old, however, the country is technically run by a series of advisors, who are mainly Islamic, but some Buddhists also serve as advisors.
 * Emirate of Andamana: Mansoor Basil Amirmoez continues to reclaim land on the island to make room for farms, and to have timber for building both boats and houses. The Emirate expands another 500 km into the island. The ships built by the timber from the island help contribute to Bengali trade.
 * Rajya of Orissa: Unlike the other vassals of the Bengali Sultanate, Bhandudeva IV is kept farther away from the daily politics of controlling Orissa, relying mainly on Islamic advisors sent directly by the Bengal Sultan. The advisors quickly persuade Bhandudeva IV to allow the Muslims settlers in the northern part of the Rajya to hold land south of the previously agreed living space. The Sultan of Bengal forcibly lowers the price of owning property in Orissa for Muslims, outraging some of the Hindu population.
 * Bengal Diplomacy ( Needs mod response, please and thank you):  Due to the conversion of a significant portion of Ava's population to Islam over the years, we request that they begin to allow the construction of Mosques in their nation.
 * Austria: We train and expand our military using new experience from recent wars, and grow our nation economically. Veteran infantry from recent conflicts are armed with pikes. Using tactics learned from the swiss, these units establish strong training regimens to ensure they are masters of handling of the Spiess (The German term for "skewer") on maneuvers and in combat. These units also employ the use of drums to march in time, allowing pike blocks to rise to the attack, making them less passive and more aggressive formations. Units are also trained in forming defensive formations to counter cavalry charges. These pike units become known as Landsknechts, and begin to be integrated into the Austrian military. This leads to Landsknecht phalanxes also containing men armed with two-handed swords, or Zweihänder, and halberdiers for close combat against both infantry and attacking cavalry. After years of research into a practical use for hand cannons on the battlefield, the Austrian military approves the first adequate design, known as the Hakenpistole (Arquebus), as a short ranged muzzle-loaded firearm. Deemed too slow and inaccurate to carry a regiment by itself, the gun is equip among a small number of soldiers in each regiment, to aid infantry and conventional ranged weaponry, such as bows. The device also becomes popular on ships and in hunting among the elite. We continue influencing our vassal states of Salzburg, Gorizia, Augsburg, Burgau, Patria del Friuli, Chur, Württemberg, the Electorate of the Palatinate, Oettingen, Ulm, Cilli, and others. We begin influencing Liege, Strassburg and Metz. We continue to improve relations with our Italian neighbors to the south. We increase trade with the Grand Duchy of Bavaria. The formation and organization of the newly founded kaiserliche und königliche Kriegsmarine continues, proving to be a successful investment. We continue assimilating the population of Aquileia, which has become dependent on Austrian trade and support for its defense and prosperity. We continue to grow closer through trade. Albert II has his first son, named George, while his daughter turns seven. Albert II calls a council of the states of the Holy Roman Empire, beginning the Imperial Diet of Eger, and asks all states to attend. At the conference Albert II hopes to reform the constitutional order (Verfassungsordnung) of the Holy Roman Empire. Feuds will be banned, and discussions are to be held on a revision of the rights of coinage and escort (Geleitrecht). The empire will also be divided into administrative divisions known as imperial circles.
 * Salzburg: The Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg orders the training of levies to be used in war. Military and economy are expanded.
 * Gorizia: The nation’s fields are expanded to allow for greater agricultural yields. Trade begins with nearby nations, including Venice and Milan. Military and economy are expanded.
 * Augsburg: The Mixed Imperial City of Augsburg encourages the growth of industry, producing large quantities of woven goods, cloth and textiles. The city of Augsburg is established as a major city of the Holy Roman Empire through the creation of several banking and financial institutions. We grow economically through trade routes with Austria, Bavaria and other German states. The city’s leaders support Burgau’s conflict against Bavarian claims, although state that they will support whatever decision the emperor comes to. Military and economy are expanded.
 * Aquila: Ties grow between Austria through trade and the use of our ports. We finish constructing a shipyard to further facilitate trade and shipbuilding, allowing for the production of several new ships.
 * Chur: Military and economy are expanded.
 * Württemberg: Military and economy are expanded.
 * Palatinate: Military and economy are expanded.
 * Oettingen: Military and economy are expanded.
 * Bohemia: Military and economy are expanded. With the war in Saxony over, to better administer the Kingdom of Bohemia and its vassals, several minor nations loyal to Bohemia are consolidated into the nations of Silesia and Lusatia.
 * Silesia: Military and economy are expanded. A central government is established to administer the nation, with all local lords swearing fealty to the Duke of Silesia and the King of the Germans, Albert II.
 * Lusatia: Military and economy are expanded. A central government is established to administer the nation, with all local lords swearing fealty to the Duke of Lusatia and the King of the Germans, Albert II.
 * Moravia: Having recently acquired the title of Margrave of Moravia, Albert II tightens his grip over the regions of Brandenburg and Luxembourg. Military and economy are expanded.
 * Brandenburg: Military and economy are expanded.
 * Luxembourg: Military and economy are expanded.
 * Saxony: Military and economy are expanded. We begin rebuilding our nation in the aftermath of the recent war. The elector of Saxony pledges fealty to the Holy Roman Emperor, and to Austria itself, to which he is a vassal.
 * Roman Empire: With the foundation of the Mediterranean Trade League, the Empire explodes with wealth, considering that it directly controls the only direct way for Mediterranean traders to reach the Black Sea and the Silk Road of the Golden Horde. The Roman Stavraton becomes effectively pegged to the Venetian ducat, and the value of this currency rises as such due to their common influence and importance in Greece and the Black Sea. Because of this wealth, more and more merchants and nobles are sending their sons and relatives to the prestigious University of Constantinople, which is reclaiming its position as the highest center of learning in Europe. The Emperor makes a formal offer to its allies, saying that the school is open to all their children if they so wish. Constantinople's population continues to rise, and by now most of the main structures are stable and have some function with respect to the rest of the city. The navy is expanded, becoming the second largest fleet in the Aegean and the Black Sea. The armed forces are put on slight alert regarding the issue in Naxos, and increased naval patrols take place to ensure that no pirates take advantage of the crisis there. With the increased wealth of the Empire, the Emperor, having already reformed the military and some small factors of governance and trade, turns his attention to the arts, and begins to consider repairing some of the damaged wonders of the Empire now that Constantinople is largely revived. His first targets are the Mauseleum of Bodrum and the Parthenon of Athens. He also considers using the wealth of the Empire to build a marvelous cathedral to St Andrew the Apostle at Patras, the city of his death.
 * Aztec Empire: The construction of Tenochtitlan is just about finished after four years. Although the construction of a great wonder hasn't even had plans drawn up, nor have the use of canals even been put in the great capital. The Aztecs continue to bond with the Triple Alliance. The relations with the Zapotec increase as they become much more friendly with eachother. The Aztecs open up many roads and small forts throughout the land to the permission of Zapotec travellers or people. With obsidian being infused in weaponry, the Aztecs build not many, but numerous mines to increase the amount of obsidian intake. The Aztecs mainly use obsidian for the arrows for the purpose of having lighter, faster, more numerous amounts. Saving the newly valuable iron for the bladed maces and "swords" [not actual swords, just a term for the equivalence of how frequently seen these weapons would be in the military]. The Aztecs increase the size of their military due to hoping to expand more towards the north. The Aztecs increase their economy by building a small fleet of ships [like four, ahaha they weren't very good at this, so I am gunna keep it at low numbers] and a large quantity of fishing canoes and ships to bring more food in for the people. Cuachtemoc begins training an elite guard to defend the line of emperors. Itzual takes a seat on the soon to be finished city of Tenochtitlan. Montezuma II, his nephew, begins to grow less power hungry and more concerned with the actual Aztec peoples. This is most likely due to the fact that he has been named heir, and once the 57 year old emperor dies, he will be in command of the Aztec Empire.
 * Aztec diplomacy: The Aztecs invite all outlying tribes and clans to join the growing Aztec Empire, and to unite and be under the rule of the greatly gifted people.
 * Kingdom of Georgia: King Smbat's experimentation with pike formations reaches the ears of the Jarishuri high command, and Georgian commanders begin testing the new formation in order to determine the efficacy of their new domestically-designed crossbows. While the new mesame formation is effective at driving off the horse-archers favored by Georgia's nomadic opponents, the inadequate armor of the Georgian infantry leaves the bulky square vulnerable to a direct cavalry charge. King Giorgi consequently orders the renovation of Georgia's neglected foundries, increasing Georgian military capabilities. In Ossetia, Crown Prince Alexandre resolves some of the disputes that divide the Ossetian chiefs, creating a local trade league to expand Georgian influence; the vassalization of the area will take seven more years. The last of Georgia's (debatably) willing convicts are sent to Circassia, expanding the Georgian settlement there by another 850 sq km.
 * Georgian Diplomacy: Though it is not one of the primary parties in the talks, Georgia sends an ecclesiastical delegation to the Council of Rome. Led by the titular Patriarch of Georgia and Armenia, and composed of several of those nations' most senior bishops - as well as representatives of the Coptic and Assyrian Churches - the Georgian delegation quickly links itself to the Roman Empire's Orthodox delegation.
 * Kingdom of Armenia: While King Smbat continues drilling the Armenian military into the ground, the fruits of Georgia's Black Sea trade begin trickling into Armenia through the efforts of Smbat's second son, Prince Krikor, whose position as Prince of Kars places him perfectly to benefit from Georgia's growing wealth. The increase in commerce triggered by the Georgian-Armenian trade expands the Armenian economy, and also strengthens relations between the two states.
 * Principality of Gordyene: Difficulties in moving goods through the largely-mountainous area surrounding Nuhadra prompt the city's Assyrian merchants to take action, sponsoring the renovation of the ancient roads around the city and improving Gordian infrastructure. Coptic immigrants to the Principality counterbalance some of the population loss from fleeing Muslims, but the Principiality's total population still falls to 83,000 - 48,000 of whom are Christian.
 * Principality of Adiabene: With the backing of Arbela's growing mercantile sector, Prince Gabro organizes work crews of tax-exempt Muslims to construct a large road linking Arbela to Nuhadra - and thus, to the other Bagratuni kingdoms. Though the laborers work with agonizing slowness - perhaps out of protest at the ongoing suppression of Islam in the city - the highway slowly takes shape, improving Adiabene's infrastructure. In arguably good news, Adiabene is now a majority-Christian state: of the Principality's 117,000 residents, 58,000 are Christian.
 * Principality of Ardalan: The ongoing migration of Kurds to Kirkuk spurs yet another wave of architectural and structural innovation in Ardalan, as local builders answer the age-old question: how many people can fit in one house before it collapses? Examination of some of the ancient Roman, Seleucid and Parthian ruins in the region raises this number considerably, as buildings are re-inforced with techniques inspired from antiquity, raising Ardalan's infrastructure. Eight years remain before Ardalan is returned to Mesopotamia.
 * ​Brabant-Hainut-Holland: Relations with the emperor continue to break down as the general estates continue to push for independence form the HRE. Military expansion continues as does naval. We continue to try to get the rest of the Netherlander states to join the movement. Reformists preachers continue to push forward the word of the reform throughout Western Europe.
 * Trier: We upgrade our military and economy. We influence the states around us. Glad that the war in Saxony is well over, and that we were able to proudly serve the empire and our allies, we withdraw our military back to Trier. The Elector of Trier attends the Diet of Eger to answer the call for Reichsreform.
 * Kingdom of Cuzco: We prepare for war with the Aymara centeilized state. 900 warriors are trained and ready to fight. Military is expanded further. Infrastructure is improved, focusing on connecting our lands together. Ideas are made for a system of roads from the capital to each of the conquered districts. Economy grows having begun trade with the Ica-Naza.
 * Castile:  The Castilian economy continues a larger process of pulling in more money through trade. The Castilians begin to send missionaries into Morocco in hopes to convert populations. The infrastructure of Castile is also expanded more. Castile, in order to facilitate more conversions to Christianity, imposes higher taxes on non-Christians in the areas it controls personally or by proxy through its vassals. Castile has successfully mapped large parts of the African coast south of Morocco and down as far as their settlements in Capo Verde. The developing class in Castile of skilled artisans, merchants, blacksmiths and the like has led to a large increase in productivity of the country with even a few researchers managing to work on new designs - including a more efficient hand cannon which gets its own dedicated corps in the developing Royal army of Castile. The Castilian noblity begins to adapt toward a newer system to revamp or work on their power as they move toward becoming advisors to the king and less involved in their feudal estates which while growing have developed Guilds to facilitate payments for the efforts of the men working, The expert worksmanship of many of these men has seen notable increase in productivity for each feudal state with most lords not complaining. The Kingdom's cities begin to be improved with somewhat better sanitation and the King hires architects to plan out a sewer system, as well as a true plan for multiple major cities. Castile begins a major process of researching the arquebus acquired and develops its own version which is used to replace the hand cannons which is finally finished. The Castilian navy, using the Canaries as a base, continually explore the area and discover a new island chain, the closest island is able to be settled and a small settlement springs up on the islands and is built up and styled as a resupply base. (1000 sq km). The population of Castile officially reaches about 4.2 million and continuing to grow rapidly thanks to a sharp increase in agricultural production. The construction of a new kind of warship with cannons is completed. A heavy warship much more powerful than most other ships of the time.
 * ​Granada: The Christianization of Granada continues in earnest with a more sizeable converted population working its way through the country. The Emir, however, remains secretly Christian and begins hiring a few Castilian advisors who are wholly more competent than many of the Granadan advisors. The country also begins to see some issues with its settlement in Morocco with many of them being Christian Castilians or converts. The Granadans continue to show more Christianization processes occurring with a viable expanding population of Christians living in the border towns and churches springing up in various areas across the country. The country begins to show promising signs of real economic advancement. The population of true Castilians in the country begins to increase to rival the native Granadans as many of the Muslims have left the area due to the unfavorable atmosphere of the country. The Nation of Granada has now Christianized somewhat considerably with a real large minority of Christians existing within the country's borders. The Emir, however, managed to maintain a favorable position with both denominations and hold the country together effectively through careful management.
 * Kingdom of the Canaries: Now granted a semi-autonomous status from Castile the Canaries begin to work up their economy to a certain degree greatly utilizing the traders from Portugal as well as the new route to Oyo, and the trade from the Mediterranean. The Canaries are able to build upon the multiple viable settlements and a moderately sized and growing population. The Canaries, finally completely covering the islands, begins to send moderately sized fleets that are resupplied from the islands and from Castile to continually explore the area. The Canaries help supply settlers and fleets moving to Capo Verde.
 * Kingdom of Cyprus: Cyprus is taken over by Castile as per the Knights Hospitaller's wishes with the 10,000 Castilian troops of the Royal army and around 3000 Cyprisian troops being raised in defence of the new kingdom. The King previously declared in Larnaca is declared over all of Cyprus and with the expansion to secure all the Island he begins to rebuild the shattered kingdom with funding from the Hospitaller and mostly Castile. The Kingdom specifically works on the training of a new professional army as well as economic improvement with the assistance of Castile. The Branch of the Knights Hospitaller in Cyprus reset up by the branch from Rhodes develop into part of the island kingdoms defence forces with their connections to a branch in Castile helping boost a trade flow to the island. The Knights also allow the migration of any willing knights from Rhodes to Cyprus to keep the kingdom and its new force stable and alive as a professional organization. The Kingdom itself does remain mostly loyal to Castile with the area becoming an economic hub for Castile and hence highly profitable for Cyprus.
 * Timurid Empire: We continue the Islamization of our vassals. We continue influencing the Chagatai Khanate (Year Six out of 17). We continue working on the development of roads from Kandahar toward India. As we work on our military and the use of gunpowder, primitive weaponry is developed and continued being worked on. After a lengthy time of being our vassal we annex the Bahamani Sultanate.
 * Jaunpur Sultanate: We work on our trade relations with neighbouring Indian nations and Islamization starts in our nation.
 * Milan: Work continues on the Certosa di Pavia, the Castle Visconteo, and on the extensive Milan Cathedral. We continue training a proper standing army, utilizing Swiss mercenaries and local recruits. With border disputes now settled between the nations of Austria and Switzerland, we continue opening friendly relations with both nations in hopes of repairing our diplomatic relations and protecting our northern border. We continue constructing cogs and galleys to strengthen our navy and protect our interests on the seas. We upgrade economy and military.
 * Colorado Confederation
 * Navajo-Kim-Pueblo: Centralization and economic developement continue.
 * Apache: We continue to rebuild the city of Hope, centralize, and build up infrastructure.
 * Pima: Centralization and infrastructure build up continues.
 * Apache City-States: Centralization and infrastructure build up continues
 * Commanche: Centralization and infrastructure build up continues.
 * Oyo Empire: Oyo expands its military, industry, and infrastructure, while increasing its grip over the West African trade routes. Oyo's universities continue their mission of increasing Oyo's technological understanding of the equipment purchased from Castile and the Middle East. With thinkers and artists of all stripes being invited to Oyo-Ile, the empire is expected to make a number of breakthroughs to gain greater understanding of the world around them. Alaafin Akitunde sets off for the far east, leaving his son, Olorun, on the throne in his place to govern the nation while he explores India and China. Well-equipped for the position after watching his father and grandfather in action, Olorun bide his father farewell as Akitunde departs his empire to learn new ideas and technologies from some of the most advanced nations in the known world. Setting off in a fleet of six nlanla and thirteen yanyan, Akitunde loads his ships with Oyo gold, ivory, books, two thousand soldiers, women, children, scholars, cartographers, nobles, and bodyguards, and begins his quest.
 * Aragon into stronk infrastructures and economies. Also into the tradings. The Christianities are the in Cyrenaica. Yay Polandball. That's enough. King Charles IV and II and other nobles begin to sponsor lots of artists. King Charles commissions many sculptures of his fathers across the nation. He insists that Aragon must be a cultural center as well as a great trade nation.
 * UNC: The UNC condemns Engelbrekkston's actions, labeling him a traitor to the UNC. Sweden revokes all titles from the nobleman. Despite the trouble in the north, the economy does improve via trade and the infrastructure is increased from the last civil war.
 * The Kingdom of England (member state of the Kingdoms of Greater Albion): English military and navy are expanded with many new war cogs being added to the English fleets. The World Exploration Council continues to expand influence after the massive success of the African Trade delegations. Further exploration and perhaps the formation of a trade outpost are considered for the future. King Edward IV continues to push for English to be used as the primary language at the court. Prince Edmund travels to Venice to see the Republic post-civil war. North Sea trade is almost completely dominated by the North Sea Trading Alliance (Holland, and Albion mostly). The UNC are extended the offer of joining the North Sea Trade Alliance as a full member. Nordic and English culture continues to blend, with stories of the mythical Norse gods becoming popular reading among the wealthy segments of the population. Scotland continues to integrate the government fully with that of England and of Albion in full. The government commissions the construction of a second place of residence for the King in York. The trouble with the Normans errupts into open attacks on the new settlers and members of the lower classes, feeling that their predominately French, Roman Catholic culture is in jeopardy. King Edward declares an emergency Privy Council session with members of the Eire present to address what is being called "The Norman Rebellions." Internationally diplomats return from Venice and other parts of Europe. The Foreign office eyes Austria worriedly and moves to strength the alliance with Holland and Hamburg. Royal troops are moved into Liverpool after Norman nobles attempt and fail to capture the city. The nation seems close to the brink of war
 * ​Dublin: After the years of upgrading, Dublin becomes a shining jewel in the Eire. The King of Albion meets with Irish diplomats to discuss the conflicts in England.
 * Wales: The Welsh military and navy are expanded. The Welsh begin to see the fruits of all the English banking investments as large areas of the nation see improvements in infrastructure. Representation in the Albion Parliament increases as a minor population boom in and around Cardiff begins.
 * Wales: The Welsh military and navy are expanded. The Welsh begin to see the fruits of all the English banking investments as large areas of the nation see improvements in infrastructure. Representation in the Albion Parliament increases as a minor population boom in and around Cardiff begins.

1435
Sweden's first Riksdag of the Estates is summoned under rebel leader Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson, who is elected rikshövitsman (military commander of the realm) in the absence of a king.

There's already a king of Sweden and the UNC

He means king of the rebelling realm.

Is there still a rebelling realm ..?

'''No, he's the leader of some rebelling peasants. Again, this event makes no sense at all because this guy was a Swedish nationalist and the UNC is being run by Sweden. Not to mention that it's also BS because I just had a civil war...'''

'''Although Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson is coincidentally Swedish in OTL, he is more so rebelling here in protest of the heavy taxation and lack of trade caused by recent wars. This is basically a general peasant war, one of many internal conflicts that happened to the Kalmar Union throughout history, and to many nations worldwide.'''

'''The fact that he was a nationalist makes it highly unlikely that he would betray Sweden. Not only has the UNC been doing well following the end of the war, but it has improved trade heavily since then. I've noticed that most, if not all events surrounding the UNC, have been written by you, Ms. You really want Finland, don't you?'''

Battle of Pabaiskas ends a civil war between Grand Dukes Švitrigaila and Sigismund Kęstutaitis in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

Francis of Paola founds the Order of the Minims in Italy.

Gil Eanes and Afonso Gonçalves Baldaia explore the coast of Africa as far as the OTL Angra dos Ruivos.

'''In the lands of the Tharawal tribe (around OTL Sydney), a man and his wife create a new kind of stone eel farm which is remarkably more efficient than any previously seen in the tribe, or indeed than any which even the eldest of the tribal elders has heard of. The elders congratulate the inventors, and a great corroboree is held to honour them. '''

'''Egypt’s unrest continue as the uprising natives continue seizing the territories of Egyptian Nubia, as local Christians aid them in their new conquests. They formally ask for an alliance with Ethiopia as religious bonds are still strong.'''

'''Egypt’s apparent unrest and recent defeats in Africa continue exacerbating the impulse of rebellion by the Omani nobles, who now seek more personal profit from the crumbling influence of the Egyptians. In Yemen similar feelings arise, and many Yemenite nobles ally with the Omani leadership to oust the Egyptians. The region of Karaman, although briefly influenced by the Mamluks, declares its independence from Egypt, and asks for an alliance with the Ottoman Empire to protect its sovereignty. '''

'''Al-swahili falls as the Egyptians forces far from home and stranded on unknown territory are defeated. The Egyptians are driven to the coast before being utterly massacred by the Swahili rebel armies. The Egyptian navy in the region flees to Socotra. The Kingdom of the Swahili rises (1.5 bonus)'''

The Malagasy push the Islamic colony out from their borders, with a pagan Malagasy Kingdom being established.
 * Aztec Empire: Emperor Itzual believes the construction of Tenochtitlan should be complete in the next five years. With the wonder being finished in eight more years. Montezuma II works with his nephew, Cuachtemoc, to expand the royal guard, and adopt a long spear type weapon, similar to the Incan Kamayuk's weapon. The Aztec Empire continues to expand northwest, up the western Mexican coast. The Aztec Empire expands its military, with the large adaptation of obsidian and iron being lightly infused in their weaponry. Also the economy is expanded due to the outlying clans being intimidated by the massive water located capital, Tenochtitlan. This pushes the smaller clans to join in the ranks and give their small pieces of land to the Aztec Empire, and Emperor Itzual. Economy is also expanded due in part by the increased quantity of fishing ships.
 * Aztec diplomacy: The Aztec Empire strengthens their cherished relationship with the Zapotec Alliance by offering military access in return for military access (just to freely move around Cour).
 * Prussia: The Prussians continue to convert to the Western Church. The Prussians begin to build their army.
 * Masovia: The Kingdom of Masovia also continues recovering their economy and continues building a new national army. The Masovians continue construction of their capital at Czersk. The Masovians also continue converting to the Western Church.
 * Pomerania: The Pomeranians continue building their economy and continue building a new national army. The Pomeranians also continue converting to the Western Church.
 * Courland: The Curonians also begin developing their economy and military. The Curonians also begin converting to the Western Church.
 * Duchy of Hamburg: Hamburg and Brunswick-Lüneburg are combined into the Duchy of Hamburg. The Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg is set as the capital, and will retain its title ("Free and Hanseatic City") as it is a separate province in the Duchy. Now-Duke William I reorganizes the House of Welf into the House of Hamburg, he marries the daughter of a city councillor and she becomes pregnant in November. Venetian traders spread rumors that the Italian King was struck down by God himself because of his greed. The rumor takes hold in the city, and some see it as an omen to the eventual doom of the Kingdom. Hollander reformists continue to preach their message, with a large portion of the population converting. The HTSC begins receiving the first of the ships it ordered. Vassalization of Bruchhausen enters its tenth year.
 * Lippe: Military and economy built up.
 * Chiribaya: We continue to build fortifications in our territory.
 * France: The military and navy are built up, the vassalage of Limoges and Armagnac begins, Continues establishing its own entity to deal with the religious crisis left by the schism. While this, Prince Louis turns ten and continues attending a renowned school in Paris learning about politics and theology, navy experience a huge boost due to trade with North Africa through St Marie d'Africa. The alliance with Austria is reviewed, but for now France states neutrality is their best policy. Vassalization of Bruchhausen enters its tenth year.
 * Lippe: Military and economy built up.
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up. The same choice made by the French is taken by the Burgundians as they feel the same way to France. Burgundy is reluctant to do as Brabant-Hainaut-Holland desires and says it will consider it.
 * Flanders: Military and navy are built up, economy expands.
 * Blois: Military, economy expand.
 * Dunois: Military and economy expand.
 * Angouleme: Military and economy expand.
 * Parthenay: Military and economy expand.
 * Perigord: Military and economy expand.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy expand.
 * Orleans: Military and economy expand.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up.
 * Berry: Military and economy are built up.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Auvergne: Military and economy are built up.
 * Forez: Military and economy are built up.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up.
 * Kingdom of Georgia: The Jarishuri begins introducing higher-quality iron chainmail to the contingents of pikemen that perform best in training battles. These zgharbi form the front face of the mesame, with heavier swordsmen at the square's corners to fend off enemy infantry; the lighter-armored spearmen and skirmish infantry are relegated to the flanks and rear of the formation. Despite the deployment difficulties that the inflexible mesame encounters, practice scenarios against admittedly inferior Georgian cavalry indicate more promise in the formation, and Georgian military potential consequently grows. In Ossetia, the pan-Ossetian trade league takes on political significance, as Prince Alexandre begins organizing a coalition of receptive chiefs to establish an organized authority over all the Ossetian clans; the vassalization of the area is estimated to take six more years.
 * Kingdom of Armenia: The Armenians, having originated the mesame concept, now adopt Georgian innovations in turn, strengthening the front end of the square at the expense of its rear. However, where the Georgians keep their cavalry formations separate from their infantry, the Armenians place a screen of light cavalry on the flanks of the mesame, enabling rapid response to hostile skirmish efforts. These ongoing military reforms strengthen the Armenian army.
 * Principality of Gordyene: The first significant wave of Coptic immigrants arrives at Nuhadra this year: some 5000 Copts settle in the northern portion of the Principality. These new citizens - a surprisingly large number of whom are literate and relatively well-off - inject new life into the Gordian economy. This influx of Coptic immigrants is just large enough to counterbalance the exodus of Muslims from the Principality; Gordyene's total population rises to 85,000, including 53,000 Christians.
 * Principality of Adiabene: The gradual renovation of the Nuhadra-Arbela highway links Adiabene to the Black Sea trade network; Venetian goods trickle into the southern Assyrian state, expanding the Adiabenite economy. 6000 Copts arrive this year, settling around Arbela and increasing the Principality's Christian population to 64,000 out of 120,000 residents.
 * Principality of Ardalan: As the number of unlanded immigrants in the Principality grows faster than the region's labor demand, some desperate Arabs - largely shunned by their "fellow Kurds" over age-old ethnic disputes - form sub-communities of their own in the slums of Kirkuk. These de facto autonomous communities ensures that their kinsmen receive priority for local work and waylay state tax collectors who tarry too long on "the Arab side of town". When word of these societies reaches the Prince's court at Kirkuk, a thoroughly annoyed Helo Ardalan doubles the urban guard deployments and instructs his justiciar to break these potential rebels. The ensuing crackdown on unsponsored merchants, tax-dodgers, and irritating but harmless scapegoats does wonders for the Principiality's armed readiness, strengthening the Ardalan military.
 * Ming China: Continues to reform. The Zhengtong Emperor continues the policy of seeking "wen" (knowledge) over "wu" (violence). However, that does not mean that the military is neglected. However, he replaced many powerful figures with others of lesser birthright but great capabilities. Minor revolts spring up due to this policy but the majority of the population is happy with the change. It also lessens corruption greatly. The naval facilities in the ChangJiang are expanded. Korea, Qara Del, Haixi and Tainan expand their economies. Lao Xing is influenced further and relations with the Emperor, Kyushu and Vietnam grow warmer and warmer.
 * Sicily improves its infrastructure.
 * Baden: The government encourages people to advance industry in the area. The army is raised in size. The Duke visits Wurttemburg and proposes an alliance. Economy slowly improves.
 * The Kingdom of England (member state of the Kingdoms of Greater Albion): English military and navy are expanded with many new war cogs being added to the English fleets. The World Exploration Council continues to expand influence after the massive success of the African Trade delegations. Further exploration and perhaps the formation of a trade outpost are considered for the future. King Edward IV continues to push for English to be used as the primary language at the court. North Sea trade is almost completely dominated by the North Sea Trading Alliance (Holland, and Albion mostly). Nordic and English culture continues to blend, with stories of the mythical Norse gods becoming popular reading among the wealthy segments of the population. Scotland continues to integrate the government fully with that of England and of Albion in full. The trouble with the Normans errupts into open attacks on the new settlers and members of the lower classes, feeling that their predominately French, Roman Catholic culture is in jeopardy. The King meets with Irish diplomats as well as local commoners in the North in attempt to find a way to halt the Norman Rebellions. Royal troops are moved into Liverpool after Norman nobles attempt and fail to capture the city. The King's forces are moved into the Highlands to protect anglo-celt settlements. The King renounces the titles of the leading Norman noblemen, Alfred Cuase and Louis Chraltes, after they declare themselves enemies of the King.
 * ​Dublin: After the years of upgrading, Dublin becomes a shining jewel in the Eire. The King of Albion meets with Irish diplomats to discuss the conflicts in England.
 * Wales: The Welsh military and navy are expanded. The Welsh begin to see the fruits of all the English banking investments as large areas of the nation see improvements in infrastructure. Representation in the Albion Parliament increases as a minor population boom in and around Cardiff begins.
 * Ottoman Empire: The Sultan returns from his Hajj feeling more purified than on his first pilgrimage when he was a young boy (some say it was due to the new trips to cities besides Mecca). After some consideration, the Sultan decides he will agree to a land corridor in the Black Sheeps to the Georgians, but in return the Georgians will grant Ottoman merchants and travelers through the land for trade and economic purposes. Meanwhile, the Sultan agrees to recognize the sovereignty of Karaman, and sends financial aid to the newer nation. As well, the Sultan visits, becoming a major port city, to see the newest line of ships, that will be used to visit the Muslim North African nations to establish trade agreements.
 * County of Oldenburg: The Prince-Bishop of Osnabruck dies of prolonged illness. Seeing his chance, Count Dietrich puts his long-standing plan into action. He again nominates a successor to the episcopal title: Father Alberich of Oldenburg, a distant cousin of his who shares the count's Sedevacantist views. This time; with Oldenburgers holding key positions in the administration of the Prince-Bishopric, the episcopal treasury owing thousands of guilders to the Oldenburger treasury, and Oldenburger troops massed on the border; the Count's candidate is chosen. The Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck officially becomes a vassal of Oldenburg. After all that plotting, Count Dietrich is quite pooped, and he goes on vacation to the Frisian island of Borkum for the remainder of the year, leaving his wife and son in charge. That same son turns seventeen, and is in search of a wife, pronto. In other news, the OHG realises from the civil strife occurring in Scandinavia that no reply will come from the Norse crown. As a result, the OHG decides not to bother getting Norway's permission and builds a small whaling/sealing outpost on the Eastern coast of Greenland.
 * Portugal continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Leiname. Meanwhile, the colony in Santa Maria expands by 200 sq km, as São Miguel continues to be settled. Meanwhile, Branca de Avis, Afonso V's eldest daughter, dies.
 * Venetian Republic:
 * In Veneto: The Venetian Revival Continues 300 more cogs are manufactured for the Venetian fleet in Coixa. The new Venetian Fleet asserts its dominance over trade in the Mediterranean once more and now with the new cogs expands its trade influence. With the establishment of the Mediterranean Trade League, the Venetian and Roman trade booms, the trade share of Venice and the Byzantines in the Mediterranean grows and leaves them in control of close to 40% of trade in the Mediterranean (this is due to sheer trade capacity as well as controlling key points). The trade control increases use of the Venetian Ducat and Roman Stavraton as a currency for trade, the former now being used from the Black Sea ports all around the coast of Europe to Novgorod and Moscow in the north and the latter all across the Mediterranean. Giovanni Bonmont (OTL Johannes Gutenberg) is inspired and works upon an invention privately while also participating in the construction of glass mirrors believed to capture the light off holy relics. Christofo (the five year old) along with his father Dragano, the heir to Venice, go to Bavaria to acquaint the two betrothed children. Honouring the agreement with Moscow, Venice instructs a group of traders to send salt and other goods up into Muscovite lands at favourable rates. Upon hearing of a Hamburger painting called "All trade routes lead to Hamburg", the Doge sends an artist to make a copy of the painting so he might see it. With planning being done last year Venice invades Morocco with an army of ships and mercenaries landing in key ports and calls upon any of their allies who wish to join and gain land to take part in the invasion. War-turn
 * In Porto Tolle: Trade continues to flow to Naples and Milan, Porto Tolle becomes a key point via which those opposed to the new Kingdom of Italy leave the Kingdom for brighter prospects across the Mediterranean.
 * In Istra: With the trade agreement signed, Istra flourishes and the people rejoice. Terrano wine increases in price due to the demand with grape growers and wine merchants finding it difficult to quench the thirst of Hungary. With the tourney ending, the merchants are left rich and many others poor. Various goods leave the nation for Hungary and Venice, such as lime, cement, bricks and stone as well as these wine unique to the region known as Terrano wine is sold almost exclusively in Hungary and Venice.
 * In the Epirote Free Ports: The school in Saranda begins teaching its first group of apprentices in various arts. Titani is content with its amount of artisans and begins exporting fine clothes across its trade partners. Preveza decides to follow the path of Saranda and starts building its own school, to be finished in three years time. Salted fish, feta cheese, wool, goat meat and fine clothes are traded particularly this year with the Romans, Mamluks and Italy, the new trade league carries goods far though bringing them to Castile as well.
 * In the Peloponnese: Argos continues renovations and the Peloponnese trade fleet takes products from the local area to the Hungarians in the west. Olive oil and wine are exported this year, mainly along land routes to Byzantine Greece.
 * In Attica: Marathons port is finished and while its first few months are nothing remarkable, it is the promise of future wealth that keeps peoples hopes high. The single Attican ship sails for Constantinople and Venice, hoping to reap profits.
 * Epirote Republic: The port of Filiates finishes construction. However, most goods go to the free ports still, and so in an effort to encourage trade through their own port the republic puts a subsidy on goods leaving the port of Filiates. The Republic sends its ships and mercenaries to support the Venetian invasion of Morocco. War-turn
 * Venetian Empire:
 * Candia: More people migrate to Candia, taking up residence in the various lands that are being granted to immigrant families. Candia sends its fleet with what mercenaries it can purchase to Morocco to assist in the invasion. Trade through Candia grows and Candian wines, olives and oil, pungent cheeses and candied citron peels are traded primarily this year with the Romans, Mamluks and Wallachia. Candian trade now also favours stopping in the Crimea and Georgia and in the west they stop in Castile. War-turn
 * Corfu: With the finishing line for the forts in seven years, the construction drags on but many passers-by and travellers are awed by the fortified isle and the line of forts and many share tales of the island of turrets and towers far and wide. Unable to muster any large force, Corfu instead sends its Nobles to serve as officers in the invasion of Morocco. Corfiot wine and olive oil is traded through the Epirote Free Ports and finds profit in Castile and Italy. War-turn
 * Kaffa: Kaffa the city is becoming a pivotal point in Black Sea trade and Victor Borozzi hopes that it will become the Venice of the Black Sea. The Kaffan navy acts as the crux of the salt trade, with ships from Venice being freed to carry more black sea trade. Kaffa sends hired mercenaries to help in the invasion of Morocco, not wishing to lose any ships. Wines, crops and iron from Kaffa are traded to the Byzantines (specifically the Byzantines in Crimea but the rest as well), Jochid Ulus, Wallachians, Georgians, Ottomans and Muscovy, in order of trade volume. Trade also reaches the Mamluks. The Kaffa salt trade continues to make the region prosper and most of the salt trade ends up in Venice but also Constantinople although some is diverted to Moscow. War-turn
 * Naxos: The immigration to Naxos begins to slow as many lords are refusing to take on more people in their lands. With the Naxian crisis at the bursting point, they refuse to do anything but send supplies to the Venetian force. The Hospitalar call a grand council to discuss the issue and invite the Gastaldo of Negroponte due to his loyalty. The various factions also agree to send ships with troops to Aegina and Athens to secure their fealty. Trade on the island is interrupted as the instability causes issues with nobles vying for control over official offices. Secretly the Hospitalar hope that the Doge will be distracted by the war in Morocco and not pay them attention as they begin to make moves against fellow vassals. Mil-turn
 * Aegina: Not seeing another option upon hearing that the Naxians are sending ships to Aegina and Athens, Geragio writes to the Doge to request that he intervene and bring security back to the Republics possession in Greece. Meanwhile as a sign of loyalty he hires several officers to join the war effort in Morocco. War-turn
 * Athens: Trade with Portugal and Castile continues and with the Mediterranean Trade League lessening competition, Athens looks into Black Sea trade which is now being called the "Golden Sea" in Athens for its wealth in trade. Athens trades with Wallachia and Georgia, keeping its investments on the safe side. Before news of the Naxian forces heading to Athens reaches him, Frederico sends half his ships, laden with mercenaries, to assist in Morocco. When the news does reach him, he too writes a letter petitioning the Doge to provide protection to the Republics possessions in Greece. War-turn
 * Negroponte: Mining continues at good levels supporting spending in the city. The interest on the state debt is paid. Negropontean lignite, iron, nickel and marble are traded with Venice and Rome almost exclusively. With the dawn of the Mediterranean Trade League, profits rise as Constantinople becomes completely open for the various metal and mineral trades. The Gastaldo goes to Naxos to take part in the council, meanwhile he ensures that supplies reach the Doges forces but announces that he cannot send forces to join them. Eco-turn
 * Ragusa: The Mediterranean Trade League causes a boom in Ragusa, helping to ease the transition into vassalage for many Ragusans. The Ragusan fleet heads east and decides to try to maximise trade with the east, they begin to gather spices and silks from across the Mamluk ports and bring them to Venice for trade across Europe. Upon being called to war, the Ragusans send 25 men of their city guard in a single galley to assist, while this number is small it is still half of the city guard almost and the Doge sends his thanks to them. War-turn
 * Mayan empire: massive infastrucre improvments begin, and we begin researching other forms of weapons. As we continue to expand 100 pixels south, we would like to ask the Aztecs if we can expand north through them and then Zapotec.
 * Aztec diplomacy: We deny the permission to move through Aztec-Zapotec lands, as we are both expanding in that direction (north) already.
 * Japan (Ashikaga Clan): We fix up our roads and add outposts in different areas just to watch out for more enemies trying to attack us. We build up our economy by fixing trade routes to the Usegi state. Around our capital city we continue to build a giant fort - walls and towers that go around the whole city. Since war is over for now, we go back to rebuilding our first college of Japan. We increase our military by adding more troops to our borders. Feeling safe we send our traders back on the roads to trade with the other states. We increse our port cities to increse trade.
 * The Nation of the Oirats: Cement and iron increases in production. Iron weapons is now majorly used. More firearm smiths are built in Oskemen. More beer is fermented and it becomes a popular drink for the nomads. As we increase in population, we slowly target our expansion northward. We expand 20 px to the North. We speed up our expansion North and East towards Lake Baikal. We continue buying books from Ming dynasty. We continue our increase in population and now we have more people than Chagatai Khanate and the Jurchens and only 50,000 after the Mongol Khanate. We begin to expand our army to 20,000 people with 2000 musketeers (primitive Asian muskets).
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Landshut expands its military. Albert II begins petitioning the bishops and clergy of Wurzburg for tribute and manpower. The population continues to rise. Heinrich and his council continue to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with thirty-five large carracks being finished, and by 1435 a trade route is put in place. Such important places in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany. The planned market center in Landshut is opened, with Austria, Venice, France, Castile, the Roman Empire, and Saxony being invited to do business in Landshut. In religious news, rumors persist that Albert II has secretly converted to the Reformed religion. However, in public, Albert continues to follow strict Catholic practices, such as attending Latin mass and wearing crucifixes. In other news, Princess Isabell, daughter of Charles, is betrothed to the future Doge of Venice, Christofo.
 * ​​Munchen: The main campus of Queen Isabell University is completed, and the beginning courses include French, Latin, English, and Greek as well as theology, clergy training and mathematics being taught. By 1434, the total class amounts to about 1300 people. Troops authorized by Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed in Munchen as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed in Straubing as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed in Ingolstadt as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders. Continuing in 1435, the chaotic government of Burgau is replaced by Bavarian military rule. 
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * ​Munster: King Eamon continues to build up respect as a good ruler amongst his vassals and other Irish lords. Some vessels begin going farther south, into areas in Africa, mostly Castilian Gibraltar, but some people wonder what lies in the interior of the continent, as we have travelled to West Africa. Some ships make it to Oyo, and as trade relations have been established, we begin trading with them, although the amount of trade is small, due to the location of Oyo. Many reactionary Normans see the current situation as the end of a Roman Catholic and Norman-ruled Ireland. As such, sentiments arise amongst the nobility against the King, and revolts occur in Cork, which are put down by the government forces. The situation, however, is less dire than in England, due to Normans making up a very small proportion of the populace, but some staunch Roman-Catholic Irishmen, mostly living in coastal cites support their cause. We raise our levies and march them to hotspots of trouble. After meeting with the English, we pledge to send aid to England if they have troubles with revolts and rebellions. The road in Mayo continues to spread north, with clans settling along it. Our influence continues to spread, and many clans convert to Western Catholicism. At this moment in time, half of Mayo is vassalized by Munster. The Confederation of Eire is formed under Albion, and it is popular amongst coastal clans in Mayo looking for money from trade. However, we open it to all Irish nations and clans to join into it. (This will be similar to a closely-bound alliance ingame). The Garda Slavacha grows, with many Slavs from all over Eastern Europe signing up. They are equipped with the most modern and nasty weapons and trained to the fullest by some of the best warriors in Albion, and are used as the King's bodyguard, due to the conflicts in Ireland. A monk known as Fionn continues begins to travel across the Isle picking up tales and myths of various tribes before they die out, and begins to put together a journal of what he sees. He passes into the north, realm of isolated clans between the Anglo-Irish realms of Ulster and Munster, and few know his location. We continue to influence Leinster and we open our borders to them, allowing Leinsterians to enter Munster and become immersed in modern Irish culture. Some return wanting to join the Confederation, and we send formal diplomats into Leinster's borders. Serious talks of a merger arise, with many believing in the Munsterian ideal of a strong, united Ireland, and Munsterian and Albionian culture has saturated Leinster, and they join the Confederation of Ireland (become our vassals). (Year Five of Five in vassalization). Munsterian traders establish a settlement in northern England, and despite troubles with the local English, the King of England has supported it, and we send troops over to protect Irish people from reactionary Normans. Some move into Scotland, a fellow-Celtic realm after being fed up with local Normans. A ship with mead on it sails into Ballydrogheda. and the beverage becomes popular amongst the nobility. At the moment, two factions are emerging: The Kings-Men, who support the King and the Western Catholic Church. The Kingsmen mostly consist of lower-class rural workers and native Irishmen, and the Old-Liners, who mostly consist of merchants and Norman nobility. The southeastern coast becomes increasingly violent and controlled by Old-Liners, prompting us to send men to hold Kings-Men strongholds such as Ballydrogheda and Waterford. Tales of the western isle of Hy-Brasil become popular amongst the merchants and nobility, and some wonder if a voyage to that realm can be done, citing the possible presence of brazilwood.
 * Venetian Diplomacy: Fearful for the safety of the joint-port of Postopont (Ballydrogheda), which has the largest population of Venetians outside of the Empire, and wanting to show that they have not forgotten them, the Republic consents to sending 100 Ducats (This could probably pay for 25 to 50 guards depending on how skilled and well armed they are) yearly for the next ten years to the settlement to pay for the establishment of a port guard.
 * Munsterian Diplomacy: Due to the coming conflicts in the British Isles, we accept your offer to pay for a port guard at Ballydrogheda/Postopont. We employ 35 ex-knights in service of the King before they were displaced by the Garda Slavacha. We also finance improvements on the wall that surrounds Ballydrogheda, making the area inside the wall larger, and making the wall thicker and better staffed.
 * Brabant-Hainaut-Holland: The general Estates continue to agitate for Netherlander separation from the HRE, and supporters of the move try to convince to the Dutch and Wallon aristocracy, and merchants to support the movement as the Counts, and Dukes of the smaller Netherlander Estates are hesitant to make a move, stating that under a german lead HRE their rights will eventually be stripped and hindered by the Austrian, and German dominated institution will crush Dutch and Wallon autonomy and freedom which was protected under the Wittelsbach Emperors a century ago. Karl van Nassau the young heir to the General Estates, now 20, is trained in the form of leading troops by the military leaders of the Wallon and Dutch forces of the General Estates, being fluent in French, Dutch and German. He is also sent to France (if the French King allows him entry) to learn the ways of diplomacy and to try to broker a formal marriage with a lady of the House of Orleans and to secure a promise of the concession of Flanders for the price that the Duke of Burgundy requests. Anna van Nassau is also 18 and of an age for marriage. Her hand is offered to a member of the Castilian, English and Roman Empire to reaffirm the longstanding friendship that the rulers and traders of the General Estates have with them. Military expansion continues as the soldiers of the army are prepared to enforce the move for separation. Trade continues to grow as the links with African tribes grow, bringing ivory, and on the rare occasion, slaves and gold back to Europe to sell. Another expedition is sent south - this time aimed at reaching the Kongo. Naval expansion continues. The Reformist movement continues to grow as most of the ruling elite in the General Estates have either joined the movement or are sympathetic to it and a lot of the population has joined the movement. Karl himself openly declares himself a Reformist and a supporter of the works of Johann and other reformed minded priests. 
 * Novgorod:We continue the production of Koch boats, cannons, hand cannons, advanced crossbows, swords, and composite bows, increasing our military capabilities in case of war. The nation’s training and advancement of military continues. We are producing our new crossbow, and we send the first 50 crossbows to Mecklenburg to test out and the other 250 to test in our nation. We expand north (by 14 pixels) into undiscovered land. The recent classes of Koch ships are being manufactured in Novgorod. The town of St Patriksburg’s population grows a bit more that last year. As the construction of the town improves, the Kremlin finishes, trade becoming more in demand, the town gains slightly. Because of the trade road built with Tver our economy increases. We are still talking about the possible unification of the Rus’ with Muscovy. The Russian language is spreading throughout the nation. After seeing a great success with the private schools in the City of Novgorod, St Patriksburg, Staraya Russa, and Nizhny Novgorod. We start building another private school in Rostov and Yaroslavl. We complete building private schools in Torzhok and a private school in Staraya Ladoga. In the year 1445, we will annex Rostov and Yaroslavl in to Novgorod. We vassalized Tver, and we are looking to annex Rostov in the year 1445, Yaroslavl in the year 1446, and Tver in the year 1447.
 * Tver:We complete the construction of the private school in Tver and we start the new one. We upgrade our military after being a vassal of Novgorod. We upgrade our economy because of the trade established between Yaroslavl, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod.
 * Yaroslavl: We complete the construction of the private school in Yaroslavl and we start the new one. We upgrade our military after being a vassal of Novgorod. We upgrade our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod.
 * Rostov: We completed the construction of the private school in Rostov and start the new one. We upgrade our military after being a vassal of Novgorod. We upgrade our economy because of the trade established between Tver,Yaroslavl, Muscovy and Novgorod.
 * Oyo Empire: Oyo continues to expand its military and industry, as well as its infrastructure under Olorun, who seeks to increase the military and economic prowess of his people. He continues to expand the literacy program in the lands recently settled by Oyo, and convert the population over to the "One Tribe Of God", a highly popular belief that gains the loyalty of many tens of thousands of natives. The unification of the tribes into one larger tribe free of the bias that separated them from one another has been quite successful in intergrating the tribes together ideologically, lingustically and culturally, as many regard the supra-cultural of the Oyo nation as inherintly superior to their own, as painful as it may be to say. Though many of the old tribes acknowledge that the Oyo are the future, and that in the best interests of their young who shall inherit the lands after them, they opt to cooperate with the Oyo government. Alaafin Akitunde after rounding the tip of Africa, and heads toward India, where he plans to explore the lands and learn new ideas with which to teach his people to use and exploit to their own benefit. Laden with moneys and gifts, Akitunde seeks not only to purchase many items during his journey, but to showcase the wealth and power of his people to the world, gaining respect and allies in his wake. Back home, the Oyo traders have completed a more or less accurate map of Africa's coastline, from Morocco to South Africa and from Alexandria to Mombasa. Though the interior is still as of yet, unexplored, the territories known to and previously explored by the Oyo are included in the map. All of the coastal cities and settlements known to the Oyo in Africa, as well as major rivers and lands, have been included into the map, making it one of the most detailed maps of Africa in the world. The map shall be copied for other explorers and traders in Oyo, and allow the Oyo to better navigate the continent in their trips into and around Africa. The merchant marine of Oyo, the largest in Africa with nearly hundred ships of all sorts of hulls, are regularly trading around the world, though only the largest have been able to make it to Europe, Arabia, and India. The smaller vessels have largely been confined to the African coastline to trade with the city-states around though, though some foolish captains attempt to sail even farther, only to perish in their attempts. One wealthy Oyo merchant has decided to commission the construction of a massive vessel, dwarfing all other in use by Oyo. This beast of a ship shall be on par with the Chinese treasure ships his saw as a child with his father, nearly 350 feet in length, and able to carry hundreds of tons of cargo. Sinking all of his wealth into the project, he contracts the best shipbuildings from Lagos to build the ship, a daunting task as many have only ever built the 65-foot long nlanla ships, and have never built anything as massive as what the merchant has planned. Despite this, after he retells the story of the Chinese ships that visited Lagos in the past, the shipbuilders grudgingly decide to build the ship, hoping it'll gain them some fame and additional contracts in the future. Olorun negotiates a marriage alliance with Mali, to which they agree. Olorun pays a hefty bride price for the hand of Mali's princess, and seeks to solidify the bond between Oyo and Mali while his father is away.
 * <p class="MsoNormal">The United Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia: Gunpowder weapons are also researched. Many new shops and workshops open in the trade cities along the coast. The Galati University continues to train scholars and theologians. Trade networks expand and more salt is mined for export. Iron production grows also as more foundries are built.
 * Timurid Empire: We continue the Islamization of our vassals. We continue influencing the Chagatai Khanate (Year Seven out of 17). We continue working on the development of roads from Kandahar toward India. As we work on our military and the use of gunpowder, primitive weaponry is developed and continues being worked on. We begin working on better relations with neighbouring Indian nations.
 * Jaunpur Sultanate: We work on our trade relations with neighbouring Indian nations and Islamization starts in our nation.
 * Kingdom of Cuzco: We declare war on the Aymara centrlized state. Military, economy and infrastructure improve. (Internet problems, can someone do the algo for me? And Cuzco has again not been expanded.)
 * Grand Duchy of Moscow (and the rest of the realm): After years of being an external part of the realm, the Principality of Ustyug has been integrated into Muscovy. Military development continues. Due to the royal wedding taking place this year with the King of Naples, Emily of the House of Rurik leaves for Rome, along with the rest of the royal family, which will arrive back next year. In several months, they have reached Naples where they will travel to Rome for the royal wedding. The growth of Moscow continues, with new structures being erected.
 * Bengal Sultanate: The decrease in taxes on the landed elite do their job in most areas of the Sultanate, decreasing the tax load on the peasantry and earning him their support. The tax cuts on the merchant class allow for more trade to be conducted, and a recent lax on some of the quota laws allows for more goods to be shipped from Bengal, greatly increasing trade income. Influence grows on Ahom and Koch, as we provide much of their food, and many of their other goods since they trade exclusively with us. The money gained from the trade continues to arm the various levies of the Sultanate, the landed elite, Orissa, and Arakan. Trade with the states of Ava, Koch, Garjat, and Ahom continues, with influence being placed through trade on Ava and Garjat. Cash crops continue to be grown in large amounts. The vassalization process continues on Aoch and Kohm (Year Twenty). With our merchants traveling to Ava, Koch, Ahom and Arakan regularly, Islam continues to grow in their nations. Most all trade roads begin to see much-needed maintenance. The merchants that continually travel between Kohm, Aoch and Ava continue to allow for some of the populations of those nations to continue to convert to Islam. Due to trade with China and other Middle Eastern nations, cannon and hand cannon designs become more common, leading most of the landed elite to continue to outfit their levies with cannons and hand cannons. Due to Bengal having control over lands of multiple ethnicities and religions, literary works in the form of poems and epics begin to take influence from all three religions of the Sultanate. We vassalize both Aohm and Koch, taking advantage of the larger Muslim population in their nation.
 * Kingdom of Arakan: Due to their trade being controlled mainly by Bengal for many years, their vassalization by Bengal has allowed them to open up their ports to other nations, and serve as resting point for many Bengali traders. Due to the influx of Islamic merchants into Arakan, the entire population in Arakan begin to see many more conversions of their residents to Islam. The son of the Bengali Sultan, Zulfiqar Padma Shah continues to control of the Kingdom. Since he is only fifteen years old, however, the country is technically run by a series of advisors, who are mainly Islamic, but some Buddhists also serve as advisors.
 * Emirate of Andamana: Mansoor Basil Amirmoez continues to reclaim land on the island to make room for farms, and to have timber for building both boats and houses. The Emirate expands another 500 km into the island. The ships built by the timber from the island help contribute to Bengali trade.
 * Rajya of Orissa: Unlike the other vassals of the Bengali Sultanate, Bhandudeva IV is kept farther away from the daily politics of controlling Orissa, relying mainly on Islamic advisors sent directly by the Bengal Sultan. The advisors quickly persuade Bhandudeva IV to allow the Muslims settlers in the northern part of the Rajya to hold land south of the previously agreed living space. The Sultan of Bengal forcibly lowers the price of owning property in Orissa for Muslims, outraging some of the Hindu population.
 * 'Bengal Diplomacy (Needs mod response, please and thank you): 'Due to the conversion of a significant portion of Ava's population to Islam over the years, we request that they begin to allow the construction of mosques in their nation.
 * The Jochid Ulus continue to grow, expanding by 5000 sq km northward on their northwesternmost edge, trying to reach the sea they've been told about by Nenets chieftains, who call it Hirrä-jï' ("the ice-covered water"). These discoveries, which heavily interest the Ulus trying to expand their naval presence, lead to a large influx of state interest in the Yamal, which continues to experience the huge growth of its settled population as Nenets continue to settle into small towns. The Udmurts, however, begin to lower in number as some return to the Volga. The reindeer and lumbering industries continue to grow hugely in these areas. In the rest of the nation, a large economic growth also occurs; Ruthenia and Kazakhstan are the most affected, with thousands of Tatars, Adyghe, Volga-Finns and even Samoyeds moving to the areas, starting to outnumber the native Ukrainians and Kazakhs in the Crimea and areas such as Donet'sk and other small urban hubs of the area. The military also grows, with research into hand gonnes continuing and the fourth and fifth warships being deployed into Sochi. King Temür-Hachiun continues improving relations with the Christian realms, trading extensively with Georgia, Venice, Byzantium and Russia. At the start of the year, Temür-Hachiun's first son is born; his name is Aydar-Arslan. He is to be the heir to the realm, as declared by Temür-Hachiun with consent of the kurultay, convoked as a political tool of his. The Chagatai Khanate is influenced, as are a few Mansi chieftains to the far-east of the nation. The Mastorava continues to grow quickly amongst all the peoples of the realm, especially in more pluralistic areas such as Ruthenia, the Middle Volga and the Caucasus.
 * The Principality of Great Perm continues to grow. The populations of Kolvakvar and Cherdyn both boom, with both having over 10,000 inhabitants by this year. The military is heavily improved, with training and armament beginning to be upgraded. Tensions between Christians and Muslims in the nation lead to some deciding to choose a third option, causing the Mastorava to spread.
 * The Principality of Adyghea, according to the Georgian treaty, expands by 1500 sq km into Ossete territory. The Ossetic chieftains are allowed to retain their culture and language so long as they swear fealty to the prince in Maykop. This city and several other fortified plazas in the Caucasus grow, as does the economy.
 * Castile:  The Castilian economy continues a larger process of pulling in more money through trade. The Castilians begin to send missionaries into Morocco in hopes to convert populations. The infrastructure of Castile is also expanded more. Castile, in order to facilitate more conversions to Christianity, imposes higher taxes on non-Christians in the areas it controls personally or by proxy through its vassals. Castile has successfully mapped large parts of the African coast south of Morocco and down as far as their settlements in Capo Verde. The developing class in Castile of skilled artisans, merchants, blacksmiths and the like has led to a large increase in productivity of the country with even a few researchers managing to work on new designs - including a more efficient hand cannon which gets its own dedicated corps in the developing Royal army of Castile. The Castilian noblity begins to adapt toward a newer system to revamp or work on their power as they move toward becoming advisors to the king and less involved in their feudal estates which while growing have developed Guilds to facilitate payments for the efforts of the men working, The expert worksmanship of many of these men has seen notable increase in productivity for each feudal state with most lords not complaining. The Kingdom's cities begin to be improved with somewhat better sanitation and the King hires architects to plan out a sewer system, as well as a true plan for multiple major cities. Castile begins a major process of researching the arquebus acquired and develops its own version which is used to replace the hand cannons which is finally finished. The Castilian navy, using the Canaries as a base, continually explore the area and discover a new island chain, the closest island is able to be settled and a small settlement springs up on the islands and is built up and styled as a resupply base. (1000 sq km). The population of Castile officially reaches about 4.3 million and continuing to grow rapidly thanks to a sharp increase in agricultural production. The construction of a new kind of warship with cannons is completed. A heavy warship much more powerful than most other ships of the time. The King notices the heavily increased productivity and income flow due to his hands off policy and non interference and begins to allow artists, minstrels, and other artistic and scientific minds become more prevalent in Castile, many believe the Castilian Renaissance is imminent. Castile due to its naval range, high income, extensive and dominant trande network become one of the largest and most dynamic trade empires of the Atlantic and Western Medditerrenean. The Castilian navy with its new heavy warships and some new updated designs for older ships organizes a heavy royal fleet phasing out past organizations. The Royal army of Castile has now almost wholly replaces the previous feudalistic military forces and has a size of nearly 50,000 and growing thanks in part to the good funding being provided by the king. In order to make up for lost power the King as behest of his new wife, and several of his friends who are nobles creates a kings advisory council which officially has the power of the king in many matters if authorized. The men are also given station to critisize the kings actions to keep him from going crazy with power.
 * Granada: The Christianization of Granada continues in earnest with a more sizeable converted population working its way through the country. The Emir, however, remains secretly Christian and begins hiring a few Castilian advisors who are wholly more competent than many of the Granadan advisors. The country also begins to see some issues with its settlement in Morocco with many of them being Christian Castilians or converts. The Granadans continue to show more Christianization processes occurring with a viable expanding population of Christians living in the core towns Cities. The country begins to show promising signs of real economic advancement. The population of true Castilians in the country begins to increase to rival the native Granadans as many of the Muslims have left the area due to the unfavorable atmosphere of the country. The Nation of Granada has now Christianized somewhat considerably with a real large minority of Christians existing within the country's borders. The Emir, however, managed to maintain a favorable position with both denominations and hold the country together effectively through careful management.
 * Kingdom of the Canaries: Now granted a semi-autonomous status from Castile the Canaries begin to work up their economy to a certain degree greatly utilizing the traders from Portugal as well as the new route to Oyo, and the trade from the Mediterranean. The Canaries are able to build upon the multiple viable settlements and a moderately sized and growing population. The Canaries, finally completely covering the islands, begins to send moderately sized fleets that are resupplied from the islands and from Castile to continually explore the area. The Canaries help supply settlers and fleets moving to Capo Verde.
 * Kingdom of Cyprus: Cyprus continues to operate effectively with the Knights Hospitaller headquartered here and helping keep the relative peace. However, policing is left up to local organization sanctioned by King Matthias of Cyprus. The King of Cyprus begins to see Castilian culture not as a dominant force but a possible blendable culture that can fit well within Cyprisian society. The economy and military of the country is built up as is the infrastructure with a nice road system being built throughout the country. Cyprus gaining large funds from being a Castilian Trade hub, begins building a few ships domestically, and purchases ships from Castiles, or her allies shipwrights forming a respectable Cyprisian navy of almost 30 ships with expected expansion to come.
 * The Mamluk Sultanate, continues to offer minor subsidies to Copts to relocate to Armenia or Georgia, a deal which about another 10,000 accept. In the Nubian Emirate, the guerrilla warfare continues. al-Mansur continues the growth of the navy's set of caravels and frigates, and the new trading corporations continue with the wave of discoveries. As the Mamluks grow less and less powerful, the pride in the region, called the Mashriq, develops. The Swahili Trade and Exploration Company (STEC) consolidates its trade grasp over regions it have discovered. Meanwhile, the Indian Association of Free Arab Traders and Merchants (IAFATM) continues to influence Aceh. Education at both universities (Alexandria and Damascus) continues strongly. Research into mills for the Nile continue. Cotton growing becomes an important industry. Greater interaction with the Venetians has resulted in an interest in learning Latin, which catches on in some regions. Mesopotamia begins to pay attention to the intellectual movement in the Mamluk state. As a result, construction on the University of Baghdad continues. In addition, the ideas of Saadiq Assaf begin to spread among the local clergy. All Burji states grow militarily as tensions appear to pick back up. All vassals (al-Sumal, al-Swahili, Ifat, and Socotra) expand by 10,000 sq km. Faced with the issue of the vassals of the Empire rebelling, the Mamelukes mobilize their military, but in order to strike at their maximum they will not strike back this turn, but do undergo small skirmishes with the traitorous vassals. Rex asked me to post this, hate me not, please.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire continues to profit from the lucrative trade routes. The gathering of funds for the cultural restoration continues. The navy is still on alert because of the precarious situation taking place in Naxos and its vassals.
 * Kingdom of Italy: King Charles I continues the reforms of his father, and improves the economy and the military. Continues the construction and improvement of shipyards and production of new boats to combat in the Mediterranean. Territorial defense continues being built based on border forts. The relation with the Byzantine Empire continue strong. The Naval Academy in Taranto continues the technological research with Venice. The King continue to give new impetus to the culture within the kingdom and its vassal states, in art, science, etc. The policy of rapprochement toward Sicily continue, and also our influence on the island for future vassalization. The King re-affirms the independency of Milan and Venice, and also asks to reform the Mediterranean League. (Talk to me).
 * Grand Duchy of Tuscany: Improves the economy and the military. The economic prosperity of the previous years is accented with commercial junction providing by Italy and Genoa, and the city of Florence is the commercial nexus among all the Italian states. Frederick I helps promote economic prosperity, gives incentives to help manufacturing output grow, and improve access roads to make the trade more fluid and profitable. The army is formed to the image of the Italian army, with gradual use of new firearms that become quite popular. Frederick I became a great patron and the Tuscan nobles follow this particular policy. The artists, protected and maintained by the nobles and bourgeois rising, unleash their creativity
 * Duchy of Genoa: Improves the economy and the military. The Duchy of Genoa continues trading from the Black Sea to the Straits of Gibraltar, using new models of ships with cargo holds of more spacious and allow greater profit. With the help of Italian military fleet, try to force richest commercial rights in Tunisian ports. In Genoa the boom in production of luxury items continue. The pressure of the Genoese traders in Tunis is growing, and combined with the presence of Christian missionaries, who at the same time serve commercial spies; is accomplished the capture of a lot of exotic products that are not easy to get due to the conflicts and trade barriers in the Near East, and the axis between Tunis and Genoa is strengthened. The Genoese economy restarts its golden age.
 * Duchy of Ferrara: Improves the economy and the military. The paper industry is forging ahead, and also the making of looms, making this duchy in one of the most productive in northern Italy. Duke Niccolo I continue the loyal service to Italy.
 * Duchy of Corsica: Improves the economy and the military. The exploitation of salt mines and silver continues. In the same way, the vine crops increase in extension and quality, and the manufacture of wine each year improves in quality and quantity, and is recognized as the best European wine. On the island of Corsica a boom of mercenaries continues. The Italian army started recruiting many Corsicans, making them a legend in terms of ferocity and skill in the skirmishes and battles.
 * Marquisate of Modena: Improves the economy and the military. Niccolo is dedicated to art and culture, encouraging painters, sculptors and architects that embellish this little Marquisate, leading Italian opulence to a new level. Marquis Niccolo I continues the loyal service to Italy.
 * Principality of Zeta: Improves the economy and the military. Dairy cattle production increases, and in the same way the manufacture of better quality cheese, they continue to be exported to Italy, Hungary and Byzantium. The Prince Giovanni I continues the cultural boom. Vassalization of Berat will be complete next year.
 * Vatican City: The new Pope Celestine VI continue the campaign of evangelization in the lands of the Balkans. Missionaries continue to be sent to support the Order of St John, and a special group of these is working in North Africa, especially in Tunisia, where they try to recover the core of Christians. The Pope like his predecessor condemns all those who come to the false churches that are being created in Europe. The Pope Celestine VI in his speeches also continue condemning the current lack of security of pilgrims traveling to the Holy Land, which the Christian nations have a priority to recover these places and they are missing to the will of God.
 * County of Provence: The reform of the administration continues, adapting the Italian model which has had so much success. Improves economy through trade, and manufacturing cloth. The military camp is also improved, adding new equipment and Italian military ideas.
 * Duchy of Anjou: As in Provence, the Duchy transformation is performed. The economy and military improve.
 * Alencon: The economy and military improve.
 * Narbonne: The economy and military improve.
 * Vendome: The economy and military improve.
 * Colorado Confederation: Infanstructure is finally completed among the remaining members (those who aren't Kim, Pueblo or Navajo) and all roads are finally connected to Kim. Because of this there is a huge boom in trade and knowledge among the members and thus new towns are established and many celebrate. These ideas mainly form as Pan-Confederationism, where some view that we are all one but just live in different areas. This policy becomes popular among the new generation and the central government. Those who enjoy the current state of things, however, go into open rebellion. The Confederation has now entered civil war.
 * Austria: We train and expand our military using new experience from recent wars, and grow our nation economically. Veteran infantry from recent conflicts are armed with pikes. Using tactics learned from the swiss, these units establish strong training regimens to ensure they are masters of handling of the Spiess (The German term for "skewer") on maneuvers and in combat. These units also employ the use of drums to march in time, allowing pike blocks to rise to the attack, making them less passive and more aggressive formations. Units are also trained in forming defensive formations to counter cavalry charges. These pike units become known as Landsknechts, and begin to be integrated into the Austrian military. This leads to Landsknecht phalanxes also containing men armed with two-handed swords, or Zweihänder, and halberdiers for close combat against both infantry and attacking cavalry. After years of research into a practical use for hand cannons on the battlefield, the Austrian military approves the first adequate design, known as the Hakenpistole (Arquebus), as a short ranged muzzle-loaded firearm. Deemed too slow and inaccurate to carry a regiment by itself, the gun is equip among a small number of soldiers in each regiment, to aid infantry and conventional ranged weaponry, such as bows. The device also becomes popular on ships and in hunting among the elite. We continue influencing our vassal states of Salzburg, Gorizia, Augsburg, Burgau, Patria del Friuli, Chur, Württemberg, the Electorate of the Palatinate, Oettingen, Ulm, Cilli, and others. We begin influencing Liege, Strassburg, and Metz. We continue to improve relations with our Italian neighbors to the south. We increase trade with the Grand Duchy of Bavaria. The formation and organization of the newly founded kaiserliche und königliche Kriegsmarine continues, proving to be a successful investment. We continue assimilating the population of Aquileia, which has become dependent on Austrian trade and support for its defense and prosperity. We continue to grow closer through trade. Albert II has his first son, named George, while his daughter turns seven. Albert II calls a council of the states of the Holy Roman Empire, beginning the Imperial Diet of Eger, and asks all states to attend. At the conference Albert II hopes to reform the constitutional order (Verfassungsordnung) of the Holy Roman Empire. Feuds will be banned, and discussions are to be held on a revision of the rights of coinage and escort (Geleitrecht). The empire will also be divided into administrative divisions known as imperial circles.
 * Salzburg: The Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg orders the training of levies to be used in war. Military and economy is expanded.
 * Gorizia: The nation’s fields are expanded to allow for greater agricultural yields. Trade begins with nearby nations, including Venice and Milan. Military and economy is expanded.
 * Augsburg: The Mixed Imperial City of Augsburg encourages the growth of industry, producing large quantities of woven goods, cloth and textiles. The city of Augsburg is established as a major city of the Holy Roman Empire through the creation of several banking and financial institutions. We grow economically through trade routes with Austria, Bavaria, and other German states. The city’s leaders support Burgau’s conflict against Bavarian claims, although state that they will support whatever decision the emperor comes to. Military and economy is expanded.
 * Aquila: Ties grow between Austria through trade and the use of our ports. We finish constructing a shipyard to further facilitate trade and shipbuilding, allowing for the production of several new ships.
 * Chur: Military and economy is expanded.
 * Württemberg: Military and economy is expanded.
 * Palatinate: Military and economy is expanded.
 * Oettingen: Military and economy is expanded.
 * Bohemia: Military and economy is expanded. With the war in Saxony over, to better administer the Kingdom of Bohemia and its vassals, several minor nations loyal to Bohemia are consolidated into the nations of Silesia and Lusatia.
 * Silesia: Military and economy is expanded. A central government is established to administer the nation, with all local lords swearing fealty to the Duke of Silesia and the King of the Germans, Albert II.
 * Lusatia: Military and economy is expanded. A central government is established to administer the nation, with all local lords swearing fealty to the Duke of Lusatia and the King of the Germans, Albert II.
 * Moravia: Having recently acquired the title of Margrave of Moravia, Albert II tightens his grip over the regions of Brandenburg and Luxembourg. Military and economy is expanded.
 * Brandenburg: Military and economy is expanded.
 * Luxembourg: Military and economy is expanded.
 * Saxony: Military and economy is expanded. We begin rebuilding our nation in the aftermath of the recent war. The elector of Saxony pledges fealty to the Holy Roman Emperor, and to Austria itself, to which he is a vassal.
 * Milan: Work continues on the Certosa di Pavia, the Castle Visconteo, and on the extensive Milan Cathedral. We continue training a proper standing army, utilizing Swiss mercenaries and local recruits. With border disputes now settled between the nations of Austria and Switzerland, we continue opening friendly relations with both nations in hopes of repairing our diplomatic relations and protecting our northern border. We continue constructing cogs and galleys to strengthen our navy and protect our interests on the seas. We upgrade economy and military.
 * Hungary, Croatia and all the vassals of Hungary see a greater number of military fortifications made. Hungary continues to grow economically, increasing trading with each other. Hungary also keeps its armies trained and well-drilled. Bosnia is expanded 10,000 km by the army who are looking to establish control as so their borders are not affected in the future.
 * Aragon expands the navy, economy and infrastructure. Cyrenaica is now majority Christian, with the exception of a few powerful families in the region. Trade and economic influence over the Mediterranean rim expands, with Aragon becoming one of the most powerful maritime trade powers in the Mediterranean region. King Charles II continues to be a patron of the arts and Aragon is at an all time economic high under his reign, mostly thanks to the work of his father. A Golden Age has begun in Aragon.
 * Trier: We upgrade our military and economy. We influence the states around us. Glad that the war in Saxony is well over, and that we were able to proudly serve the empire and our allies, we withdraw our military back to Trier.
 * Tibet: Continues to vassalize Chutiya. The defenses are expanded.
 * Rājya of Nepal: The economy is expanded.
 * The Confederation of Shan States:  The Bön Monastery starts accepting students. The Confederation expands its defenses. The coins from Tibet begin to circulate throughout the Confederation.
 * Zapotec: Emperor Tlaco expands Danibaan's influence in the surrounding city-states by way of the Zapotec Alliance. Roadways connecting cities in the alliance help merchants and soldiers move more freely between them. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. In the coastal regions under Danibaan's influence, more boats are created. Tlaco orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Daibaan continues expanding into the surrounding city-states north along the gulf coast.

1436
'''Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson remains the leader of the independent realm, in his capacity of rikshövitsman (military commander of the realm). Charles Knutsson becomes joint rikshövitsman with Engelbrekt. Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson is later murdered by a personal enemy, leaving Charles Knutsson to temporarily hold the position of leader alone. The first meeting of the Riksdag of the Estates afterwards takes place in Uppsala.'''

The Incorporated Guild of Smiths is founded in Newcastle upon Tyne.

Brunelleschi's Dome at Florence Cathedral is dedicated.

Alexander I Aldea is replaced as ruler of Wallachia by Vlad II Dracul.

The Bosnian language is first mentioned in a document.

Date of the Visokom papers, the last direct sources on the old town of Visoki.

'''In Ming Dynasty China, the inauguration of the Zhengtong Emperor takes place. A significant portion of the southern grain tax is commuted to payments in silver, known as the Gold Floral Silver (jinhuayin). This comes about due to officials' and military generals' increasing demands to be paid in silver instead of grain, as commercial transactions draw more silver into nationwide circulation. Some counties have trouble transporting all the required grain to meet their tax quotas, so it makes sense to pay the government in silver, a medium of exchange that is already abundant amongst landowners through their own private commercial affairs.'''

'''The Florentine polymath Leon Battista Alberti begins writing the treatise On Painting, in which he argues for the importance of mathematical perspective in the creation of three-dimensional vision on a two-dimensional plane. This follows the ideas of Massacio and his concepts of linear perspective and vanishing point in artwork.'''

I feel like the Castilians have already done that.

'''Yes, I have. I have been visiting farther south than that for nigh on 15 years. Please stop with the Portuguese friendly naval events when I'm 15 years ahead of them for every one of these events. -Feud'''

Yes, Castile is the dominant power in African exploration, followed by Portugal, then Aragon.

'''Can we fix this or cross it out then? -Feud'''

'''I guess the guy who made this event was taking it straight from the wikipedia page for 1436.It has been removed and hidden behind code. - Collie'''

'''The Quimbaya Confederation centralises more as the diarchy becomes a monarchy after one of the two chieftains is exiled. The King of the Quimbaya is crowned.'''
 * Prussia: The Prussians continue to convert to the Western Church. The Prussians begin to build their army.
 * Masovia: The Kingdom of Masovia also continues recovering their economy and continues building a new national army. The Masovians continue construction of their capital at Czersk. The Masovians also continue converting to the Western Church.
 * Pomerania: The Pomeranians continue building their economy and continue building a new national army. The Pomeranians also continue converting to the Western Church.
 * Courland: The Curonians also begin developing their economy and military. The Curonians also begin converting to the Western Church.


 * Duchy of Hamburg: Johann Von Lutz, still saving for his own southerly journey, hears of Afonso Gonçalves Baldaia's voyage, further inspiring him to cross the equator. Vassalization of Bruchhausen enter its eleventh year. In the years since joining the North Sea Trade Alliance, Hamburg enjoys massive profits as HTSC ships dominate the trade routes. Some in the young Duchy grow weary of the growing number of reformists in the population, some members of the Duke's council even profess themselves as such. Duke William remains a devout Catholic. Painter Heinrich Volkard becomes a personal favorite of the Duke, even teaches him some pointers. One day, Volkard is meet by a Venetian painter, who expresses interest in his work All Trade Routes Lead to Hamburg. It is decided to send a division of the Hamburg Maritime Defense Fleet around the Mediterranean, trying to secure allies and trade partners. Duke William's wife gives birth to a son, who is named Fredrick.
 * Lippe: Military and economy expanded.
 * Oldenburger Diplomacy: The Count asks if there is a Hamburger princess who would be willing to marry Frederick-the crown prince of Oldenburg.
 * Hamburger Dip: Unfortunately there is not.
 * The Jochid Ulus expands by 5000 sq km, mostly in its northwestern edge, attempting to reach the ocean the Nenets have been talking about. Renewed interest in these areas mean an improval of the infrastructure of the region, with roads beginning to be built throughout the Yamal and between towns, as well as south in the Volga. The first fortification is built around a small Nenets-Komi town, Verkuta, near the western border. Forts also are built in the Ukraine and Kazakhstan. An economic boom continues; Tatars, Mongols, Mordvins and many other nationalities continue to move into these nations, and crop yields only continue to expand. More land begins to be cultivating, making the steppes shrink a bit. This causes a demographic explosion; more cities begin to grow, especially along the Volga. Cities such as New Mosul, Obran-Osh and Sochi grow at an extraordinary rate. The military is also upgraded, with another ship being placed for construction and hand gonnes increasing. Wishing for the best possible education for his son, Temür-Hachiun begins to visit Western Courts. Influencing of the Chagatay Khanate continues. The Mastorava grows amongst the population.
 * Great Perm's economy increases as the cities also do. The Kolva becomes a regional hub, with Permic merchants growing across the region. Komi is secretly taught to more children.
 * Adyghea as per the Georgian deal expands 1500 sq km in Ossetia. The population grows.
 * Portugal continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Leiname. Meanwhile, the colony in Santa Maria expands by 200 sq km, as São Miguel continues to be settled. Meanwhile, Leonor de Castro gives birth to a boy who is named Afonso, before dying due to complications in childbirth. Unlike his mother, the child survives. Meanwhile, Afonso V creates the title of Prince of Portugal for the heir to the Portuguese kingdom, currently, João de Avis. Meanwhile, an explorer called Afonso Gonçalves Baldaia explores the western coast of Africa past the Tropic of Cancer, becoming the first Portuguese to do so, although some Castilians have already did it before.
 * Incorporated the recently invalidated event, that was blatantly copied from OTL, into my post.
 * Venetian Republic:
 * In Veneto: The Venetian Revival Continues 300 more cogs are manufactured for the Venetian fleet in Coixa. The new Venetian Fleet asserts its dominance over trade in the Mediterranean once more and now with the new cogs expands its trade influence. With the establishment of the Mediterranean Trade League, the Venetian and Roman trade booms, the trade share of Venice and the Byzantines in the Mediterranean grows and leaves them in control of close to 40% of trade in the Mediterranean (this is due to sheer trade capacity as well as controlling key points). The trade control increases use of the Venetian Ducat and Roman Stavraton as a currency for trade, the former now being used from the Black Sea ports all around the coast of Europe to Novgorod and Moscow in the north and the latter all across the Mediterranean. Giovanni Bonmont (OTL Johannes Gutenberg) falls prey to a bad investment, he goes into hiding, but the investors he is in debt to spare little expense in finding him. Christofo (the now six year old) along with his father Dragano, the heir to Venice, go to Bavaria to acquaint the two betrothed children. Honouring the agreement with Moscow, Venice instructs a group of traders to send salt and other goods up into Muscovite lands at favourable rates. The war with Morocco continues, the war plan is three-fold: secure the Mediterranean coast of Morocco, secure key ports on the western coast and take as much land in the south as possible. The Doge plans to use Morocco as a staging point for further African adventures. War-turn
 * In Porto Tolle: Trade continues to flow to Naples and Milan, Porto Tolle becomes a key point via which those opposed to the new Kingdom of Italy leave the Kingdom for brighter prospects across the Mediterranean.
 * In Istra: With the trade agreement signed, Istra flourishes and the people rejoice. Terrano wine increases in price due to the demand with grape growers and wine merchants finding it difficult to quench the thirst of Hungary. With the tourney ending, the merchants are left rich and many others poor. Various goods leave the nation for Hungary and Venice, such as lime, cement, bricks and stone as well as these wine unique to the region known as Terrano wine is sold almost exclusively in Hungary and Venice.
 * In the Epirote Free Ports: The school in Saranda begins teaching its first group of apprentices in various arts. Titani is content with its amount of artisans and begins exporting fine clothes across its trade partners. Preveza decides to follow the path of Saranda and starts building its own school, to be finished in two years time. Salted fish, feta cheese, wool, goat meat and fine clothes are traded particularly this year with the Romans, Mamluks and Italy, the new trade league carries goods far though bringing them to Castile as well.
 * In the Peloponnese: Argos continues renovations and the Peloponnese trade fleet takes products from the local area to the Hungarians in the west. Olive oil and wine are exported this year, mainly along land routes to Byzantine Greece.
 * In Attica: Marathons port is finished and while its first few months are nothing remarkable, it is the promise of future wealth that keeps peoples hopes high. The single Attican ship sails for Constantinople and Venice, hoping to reap profits.
 * Epirote Republic: Most goods go to the free ports still, and so in an effort to encourage trade through their own port the republic puts a subsidy on goods leaving the port of Filiates. The Republic sends its ships and mercenaries to support the Venetian invasion of Morocco. War-turn
 * Venetian Empire:
 * Candia: More people migrate to Candia, taking up residence in the various lands that are being granted to immigrant families. Candia sends its fleet with what mercenaries it can purchase to Morocco to assist in the invasion. Trade through Candia grows and Candian wines, olives and oil, pungent cheeses and candied citron peels are traded primarily this year with the Romans, Mamluks and Wallachia. Candian trade now also favours stopping in the Crimea and Georgia and in the west they stop in Castile. War-turn
 * Corfu: With the finishing line for the forts in six years, the construction drags on but many passers-by and travellers are awed by the fortified isle and the line of forts and many share tales of the island of turrets and towers far and wide. Unable to muster any large force, Corfu instead sends its Nobles to serve as officers in the invasion of Morocco. Corfiot wine and olive oil is traded through the Epirote Free Ports and finds profit in Castile and Italy. War-turn
 * Kaffa: Kaffa the city is becoming a pivotal point in Black Sea trade and Victor Borozzi hopes that it will become the Venice of the Black Sea. The Kaffan navy acts as the crux of the salt trade, with ships from Venice being freed to carry more black sea trade. Kaffa sends hired mercenaries to help in the invasion of Morocco, not wishing to lose any ships. Wines, crops and iron from Kaffa are traded to the Byzantines (specifically the Byzantines in Crimea but the rest as well), Jochid Ulus, Wallachians, Georgians, Ottomans and Muscovy, in order of trade volume. Trade also reaches the Mamluks. The Kaffa salt trade continues to make the region prosper and most of the salt trade ends up in Venice but also Constantinople although some is diverted to Moscow. War-turn
 * Naxos: The immigration to Naxos begins to slow as many lords are refusing to take on more people in their lands. With the Naxian crisis at the bursting point, they refuse to do anything but send supplies to the Venetian force. The Hospitalar grand council is full of factionalism and the Gastaldo of Negroponte fails in uniting any to deal with the common issue, they squabble over various possible solutions. The Naxians land in Aegina and secure the island. However, a tense stand-off occurs outside Porto Leone and Venetian merchants, not wanting trade to be disrupted, join forces with the Athenians to scare the Naxians back to Naxos. Trade on the island is interrupted as the instability causes issues with nobles vying for control over official offices. Secretly the Hospitalar hope that the Doge will be distracted by the war in Morocco and not pay them attention as they begin to make moves against fellow vassals. Mil-turn
 * Aegina: Aegina is occupied by Naxos, the occupiers do not disrupt the daily business of the island. However, they do keep a close eye on Geragio, to ensure loyalty. Meanwhile as a sign of loyalty he hires several officers to join the war effort in Morocco. War-turn
 * Athens: Trade with Portugal and Castile continues and with the Mediterranean Trade League lessening competition, Athens looks into Black Sea trade which is now being called the "Golden Sea" in Athens for its wealth in trade. Athens trades with Wallachia and Georgia, keeping its investments on the safe side. Frederico sends half his ships, laden with mercenaries, to assist in Morocco. With the Naxian forces heading back to Naxos, Athens celebrates and grants bountiful gifts to the merchants that assisted them. War-turn
 * Negroponte: Mining continues at good levels supporting spending in the city. The interest on the state debt is paid. Negropontean lignite, iron, nickel and marble are traded with Venice and Rome almost exclusively. With the dawn of the Mediterranean Trade League, profits rise as Constantinople becomes completely open for the various metal and mineral trades. With the Gastaldo absent, Negroponte runs less smoothly and many local officials feel uncomfortable about the continuing alliance with Naxos. Eco-turn
 * Ragusa: The Mediterranean Trade League causes a boom in Ragusa, helping to ease the transition into vassalage for many Ragusans. The Ragusan fleet heads east and decides to try to maximise trade with the east, they begin to gather spices and silks from across the Mamluk ports and bring them to Venice for trade across Europe. Upon being called to war, the Ragusans send 25 men of their city guard in a single galley to assist, while this number is small it is still half of the city guard almost and the Doge sends his thanks to them. War-turn
 * County of Oldenburg: Some Oldenburger troops are stationed in Osnabruck, and a few small forts are constructed there. The Captain-General of all Oldenburger troops meets with Count Dietrich and discusses ways of improving the organisation of the army. The C-G proposes that all regions/lordships be responsible for training and arming a certain number of people. The Count agrees that such a system would be beneficial and orders its implication next year. The OHG uses its outpost in Greenland as a base to conduct another extremely profitable whaling and sealing expedition. A small Catholic (Sedevacanist) church is built across the "road" from the warehouse, next to the Chief Factor's house. Prince Frederick, now eighteen, is still searching for a wife.
 * Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: Prince-Bishop Alberich officially declares Osnabruck to be of the Sedevacantist faith, and calls on other nations to stop recognising either papal claimant until a pope for the entire Catholic Church is elected. A small episcopal militia is formed.
 * Kingdom of Italy: King Charles I continues the reforms of his father, and improves the economy and the military. Continues the construction and improvement of shipyards and production of new boats to combat in the Mediterranean. Territorial defense continues being built based on border forts. The relation with the Byzantine Empire continue strong. The Naval Academy in Taranto continues the technological research with Venice. The King continue to give new impetus to the culture within the kingdom and its vassal states, in art, science, etc. The policy of rapprochement toward Sicily continue, and also our influence on the island for future vassalization.
 * Grand Duchy of Tuscany: Improves the economy and the military. The economic prosperity of the previous years is accented with commercial junction providing by Italy and Genoa, and the city of Florence is the commercial nexus among all the Italian states. Frederick I helps promote economic prosperity, gives incentives to help manufacturing output grow, and improve access roads to make the trade more fluid and profitable. The army is formed to the image of the Italian army, with gradual use of new firearms that become quite popular. Frederick I became a great patron and the Tuscan nobles follow this particular policy. The artists, protected and maintained by the nobles and bourgeois rising, unleash their creativity
 * Duchy of Genoa: Improves the economy and the military. The Duchy of Genoa continues trading from the Black Sea to the Straits of Gibraltar, using new models of ships with cargo holds of more spacious and allow greater profit. With the help of Italian military fleet, try to force richest commercial rights in Tunisian ports. In Genoa the boom in production of luxury items continue. The pressure of the Genoese traders in Tunis is growing, and combined with the presence of Christian missionaries, who at the same time serve commercial spies; is accomplished the capture of a lot of exotic products that are not easy to get due to the conflicts and trade barriers in the Near East, and the axis between Tunis and Genoa is strengthened. The Genoese economy restarts its golden age.
 * Duchy of Ferrara: Improves the economy and the military. The paper industry is forging ahead, and also the making of looms, making this duchy in one of the most productive in northern Italy. Duke Niccolo I continue the loyal service to Italy.
 * Duchy of Corsica: Improves the economy and the military. The exploitation of salt mines and silver continues. In the same way, the vine crops increase in extension and quality, and the manufacture of wine each year improves in quality and quantity, and is recognized as the best European wine. On the island of Corsica a boom of mercenaries continues. The Italian army started recruiting many Corsicans, making them a legend in terms of ferocity and skill in the skirmishes and battles.
 * Marquisate of Modena: Improves the economy and the military. Niccolo is dedicated to art and culture, encouraging painters, sculptors and architects that embellish this little Marquisate, leading Italian opulence to a new level. Marquis Niccolo I continues the loyal service to Italy.
 * Principality of Zeta: Improves the economy and the military. Dairy cattle production increases, and in the same way the manufacture of better quality cheese, they continue to be exported to Italy, Hungary and Byzantium. The Prince Giovanni I continues the cultural boom. Vassalization of Berat will be complete next year.
 * Vatican City: The new Pope Celestine VI continue the campaign of evangelization in the lands of the Balkans. Missionaries continue to be sent to support the Order of St John, and a special group of these is working in North Africa, especially in Tunisia, where they try to recover the core of Christians. The Pope like his predecessor condemns all those who come to the false churches that are being created in Europe. The Pope Celestine VI in his speeches also continue condemning the current lack of security of pilgrims traveling to the Holy Land, which the Christian nations have a priority to recover these places and they are missing to the will of God.
 * County of Provence: The reform of the administration continues, adapting the Italian model which has had so much success. Improves economy through trade, and manufacturing cloth. The military camp is also improved, adding new equipment and Italian military ideas.
 * Duchy of Anjou: As in Provence, the Duchy transformation is performed. The economy and military improve.
 * Alencon: The economy and military improve.
 * Narbonne: The economy and military improve.
 * Vendome: The economy and military improve.
 * France: The military and navy are built up, the vassalage of Limoges and Armagnac begins, Continues establishing its own entity to deal with the religious crisis left by the schism. While this, Prince Louis turns ten and continues attending a renowned school in Paris learning about politics and theology, navy experience a huge boost due to trade with North Africa through St Marie d'Africa. The alliance with Austria is reviewed, but for now France states neutrality is their best policy.
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up. The same choice made by the French is taken by the Burgundians as they feel the same way to France. Burgundy is reluctant to do as Brabant-Hainaut-Holland desires and says it will consider it.
 * Flanders: Military and navy are built up, economy expands.
 * Blois: Military, economy expand.
 * Dunois: Military and economy expand.
 * Angouleme: Military and economy expand.
 * Parthenay: Military and economy expand.
 * Perigord: Military and economy expand.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy expand.
 * Orleans: Military and economy expand.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up.
 * Berry: Military and economy are built up.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Auvergne: Military and economy are built up.
 * Forez: Military and economy are built up.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up
 * Brabant-Hainaut-Holland: The Austrian efforts to influence Liege, a state of the Netherlands and one with a Wallon majority, proves the trigger that sets off the leaders of the General Estates into pushing the Stateholder to revolt. Engelburt declares his resolve to secure Netherlander indepednece through military means as the Emperor has continued to ignore his pleas for talks. Dutch and Wallon forces are mobilized and the Invasion of Utretcht and Liege are launched to secure the Lands and avoid them falling into German hands. Engelburt pleas to the rest of the Netherlander states to join the revolt. (remember MS we had an agreement that this is a fixed war no, you against me only and without an algo.) The navy is issued the orders to harrass Austrian Trade at all costs. Karl continues to plea with France to finally accept the B-H-H offer, to a marriage and to the sail of Flanders.
 * Burgundy D: Princess Joanne of Orleans-Flanders is given to be married with Karl and the division of Flanders occurs in East Flanders (Dutch/Belgian regions) and West Flanders (French control regions in OTL).
 * Japan (Ashikaga Clan): We fix up our roads and add outposts in different areas just to watch out for more enemies trying to attack us. We build up our economy by fixing trade routes to the Usegi state. Around our capital city we continue to build a giant fort - walls and towers that go around the whole city. Since war is over for now, we go back to rebuilding our first college of Japan. We increase our military by adding more troops to our borders. Feeling safe we send our traders back on the roads to trade with the other states. We increase our port cities to increse trade. Since the Shogun wants an heir to the position of Shogun, he adopts a son whose name is Shintaro.
 * The Nation of the Oirats: Cement and iron increases in production. Iron weapons is now majorly used. More firearm smiths are built in Oskemen. More beer is fermented and it becomes a popular drink for the nomads. As we increase in population, we slowly target our expansion northward. We expand 20 px to the North. We speed up our expansion North and East towards Lake Baikal. We continue buying books from Ming dynasty. We continue our increase in population and now we have more people than Chagatai Khanate and the Jurchens and only 50,000 after the Mongol Khanate. We begin to expand our army to 20,000 people with 2000 musketeers (primitive Asian muskets).
 * Kingdom of Georgia: Military expands; five turns left to vassalize Ossetia.
 * Georgian Diplomacy: We accept the Ottoman Empire's conditions for the transfer of a land corridor to Assyria. A map of the corridor we request will be provided shortly.
 * Kingdom of Armenia: Economy expands.
 * Principality of Gordyene: Military expands.
 * Principality of Adiabene: Military expands.
 * Principality of Ardalan: Military expands.
 * Tibet: Continues to vassalize Chutiya. The defenses are expanded. The Gongma sends an emissary to the Bengali Sultan to ask for a military alliance. (Bengal Response)
 * Rājya of Nepal: Bön and Tibetan Buddhist monks are sent to Kathmandu to set up monasteries. The economy is expanded.
 * The Confederation of Shan States:  The Bön Monastery starts accepting students. The Confederation expands its defenses. The coins from Tibet begin to circulate throughout the Confederation.
 * Ulster: Ulsterian Soldiers move in to prevent any unrest in Ulster, and Martial law is declared in Breifne, our vassal. Vassalisation continues over Sligo. Ulsterian Merchants, after travelling to Munster, begin to export goods, in convoy with the Munsterian ships, to Africa. Ulster offers to send troops to England to help them regain stability.
 * Aztec Empire: We expand our military and economy. The construction of Tenochtitlan is complete. Emperor Itzual is most pleased, but informs the empire that canals throughout the city are to be planned and built. He also declares that plans for the great wonder of Tenochtitlan will begin, as the engineers and wise religious leaders gather to create a building design for the great temple. Montezuma II takes his seat as prince and heir to the empire. Cuachtemoc, Montezuma's nephew equips the Jaguar Royal Bodyguard with light Jaguar leather patterns and armor to signify their glory and importance of the Imperial Guard. Emperor Itzual begins to grow weak and grim but dedicates a day in the newly semi-finished city to joyous celebration. We do not expand this year but send out double the scouts to search the land for iron/obisidian mines. Although we receive land from the solid alliance from the Tlacopan and Texcoco who have completely merged into the empire, greatly increasing our size/land.
 * Aztec diplomacy: We deny the permission of moving through Aztec-Zapotec lands to the Mayan Empire, as they requested. Due to the fact that both the Aztecs and Zapotec are expanding in that direction (north) already, and do not wish for more competition.
 * Bengal Sultanate: The decrease in taxes on the landed elite do their job in most areas of the Sultanate, decreasing the tax load on the peasantry and earning him their support. The tax cuts on the merchant class allow for more trade to be conducted, and a recent lax on some of the quota laws allows for more goods to be shipped from Bengal, greatly increasing trade income. Influence grows on Ahom and Koch, as we provide much of their food, and many of their other goods since they trade exclusively with us. The money gained from the trade continues to arm the various levies of the Sultanate, the landed elite, Orissa, and Arakan. Trade with the states of Ava, Koch, Garjat, and Ahom continues, with influence being placed through trade on Ava and Garjat. Cash crops continue to be grown in large amounts. With our merchants traveling to Ava, Koch, Ahom and Arakan regularly, Islam continues to grow in their nations. Most all trade roads begin to see much-needed maintenance. The merchants that continually travel between Kohm, Aoch and Ava continue to allow for some of the populations of those nations to continue to convert to Islam. Due to trade with China and other Middle Eastern nations, cannon and hand cannon designs become more common, leading most of the landed elite to continue to outfit their levies with cannons and hand cannons. Due to Bengal having control over lands of multiple ethnicities and religions, literary works in the form of poems and epics begin to take influence from all three religions of the Sultanate. We begin work on a central trade road that connects the capital cities of Bengal, Arakan, Koch, Aohm, and Orissa together in order to better movement of goods and missionaries. Urdu becomes more common in the Sultanate due to the mixing of Hindu and Islamic ideals.
 * Kingdom of Arakan: Due to their trade being controlled mainly by Bengal for many years, their vassalization by Bengal has allowed them to open up their ports to other nations, and serve as resting point for many Bengali traders. Due to the influx of Islamic merchants into Arakan, the entire population in Arakan begin to see many more conversions of their residents to Islam. The son of the Bengali Sultan, Zulfiqar Padma Shah continues to control of the Kingdom. Now that he is eighteen, he controls the country in full, but still maintains his advisors in his court.
 * Emirate of Andamana: Mansoor Basil Amirmoez continues to reclaim land on the island to make room for farms, and to have timber for building both boats and houses. The Emirate expands another 500 km into the island. The ships built by the timber from the island help contribute to Bengali trade.
 * Rajya of Orissa: Unlike the other vassals of the Bengali Sultanate, Bhandudeva IV is kept farther away from the daily politics of controlling Orissa, relying mainly on Islamic advisors sent directly by the Bengal Sultan. The advisors quickly persuade Bhandudeva IV to allow the Muslims settlers in the northern part of the Rajya to hold land south of the previously agreed living space. The Sultan of Bengal forcibly lowers the price of owning property in Orissa for Muslims, outraging some of the Hindu population.
 * Maharaja of Koch: Now vassalized by Bengal, the Mahraja of Koch begins to receive extensive help in creating viable farmland. They do this by beginning a process of land reclamation in the northern part of the state, which is largely marshy and thinly populated. This process of reclamation begins by using dykes, embankments and irrigation systems. The current Maharaja (King) of Koch, Aneka Ananda gives his daughters hand in marriage to the Swargadeo of Ahom's son.
 * Swargadeo of Ahom: Now vassalized by Bengal, the Swargadeo of Ahom begins to recieve extensive help in creating viable farmland. They do this by beginning a process of land reclamation in the northern part of the state, which is largely marshy and thinly populated. This process of reclamation begins by using dykes, embankments and irrigation systems. Suphakphaa, Swargadeo (King) of Ahom secures a marriage between his son, Susenphaa and the Koch princess, Ledi Mahila.
 * 'Bengal Diplomacy (Needs mod response, please and thank you): 'Due to the conversion of a significant portion of Ava's population to Islam over the years, we request that they begin to allow the construction of mosques in their nation.
 * ​ Kingdom of Cuzco: We declare war on the Aymara centrlized state. Military, economy and infrastructure improve. (Internet problems, can someone do the algo for me? And Cuzco has again not been expanded.)
 * Zapotec: Emperor Tlaco expands Danibaan's influence in the surrounding city-states by way of the Zapotec Alliance. Roadways connecting cities in the alliance help merchants and soldiers move more freely between them. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. In the coastal regions under Danibaan's influence, more boats are created. Tlaco orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Daibaan continues expanding into the surrounding city-states north along the gulf coast.
 * The Pskovian treasury mint continues to produce the zolotnik, the ruble and the grivna, however in diminished capacity, until we reach an understanding with Venice. The Bank of the Pskovian Treasury has almost ceased currency exchange with private persons and rather outsources the job to certified exchanges, who, for a fee, are lent newly minted coins to exchange, and must return any foreign gold or currency to be melted down regardless of the nation of origin. These private exchanges compete with each other to achieve lower rates, etc. The bank has also instituted a policy of "commercial investment" whereby they will lend money to businesses in exchange for an annual precentage of profits, skimming the line between generocity and usury, still stigmatized in much of Cristendom (but less so in Russia and other Orthodox nations). (Name Placeholder) finally sees an opportunity to get the money needed for his printing machine, and the bank, intrigued, eagerly lends him the 200 zolotniks he asked for in exchange for half his profits for however long it takes to pay back the investment - plus five years. Iin their first large investment, they hope to aid this moderately-known merchant with a bit of wealth. Meanwhile, with more Arabic literature being translated by the monks, the bank learns of a new numbering system: the Hindu-Arabic numbering system that is based on place value, not on sums, as the Roman numeral system (used in Western Europe) and Slavic numeral system are based on. After almost a year of debate, decide to abandon the traditional methods and instead use the base-10 system of the Hindu-Arabic numerals, and start lobbying in the Veche to declare it the official numeral system of Pskov.: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, zero ... and zero is the one thing that people do not understand at first but many in the bank believe it is an ingenious invention.
 * The ruble hasn't existed until the late 1500s, please stop making them. Flag of Romania.svgToţi în unu; Nihil Sine DeoFlag of Romania.svg
 * I don't think you understand fully what is going on, calm down, and let me explain: In 1432 I created three (four) coins, the zolotnik, the ruble, (the grivna), and the grivnaya dolia. The grivnaya dolia is the copper coin, weighing in at about 80 grams (actually, 1/10 of a copper "bar" called the grivna, weighing 800 grams), pretty heavy, but it's gotta do, 200 grivnaya dolias (or 20 grivias) will get you a silver coin called the ruble, weighing about 16 grams, and 20 rubles will give you a gold coin, weighing approx. five grams and containing exactly 1.5 times the gold in a ducat, called the zolotnik. The ruble may not have existed in OTL until the 1500s, but in my 1432 monetary reform, I created it, the world means "chopped piece" in a loose translation, so it's not implausible that a coin minted would be called that, given the fact that, well, coins back then were struck, not molded, "chopped" from the bar, and banged with a hammer that has an image.
 * Ah ok, I understand this now.  Flag of Romania.svgToţi în unu; Nihil Sine DeoFlag of Romania.svg
 * Timurid Empire: We continue the Islamization of our vassals. We continue influencing the Chagatai Khanate (Year Eight out of 17). We continue working on the development of roads from Kandahar toward India. Gunpowder research continues, although the military generals still prefer non-firearms. The Emperor Draka decides to issue the creation of Timurid coins and in order to gain more support offers more autonomy to some nobles in the west. In order to create more stable relations among the powerhouses of the western Empire Princess Esther, daughter of Draka is to be married to Junayd Safavi, son of Shaykh Ibrahim Safavi.
 * Jaunpur Sultanate: We work on our trade relations with neighbouring Indian nations and Islamization starts in our nation.
 * Oyo Empire: The Oyo continue to expand their military, economy, and infrastructure, and encourage the adoption of Orthodoxy as the religion of the population. As the rich go to their new churches, the middle-class begin to adopt the faith as their own, especially as they begin to view it as a way of uniting the population of their nation together. This is moreso as they come to the realization that Oyo possesses hundreds of tiny faiths worshipping gods of all sorts, though none tell of a promise of everlasting life and life with illness and one of eternal youth. This gains tens of thousands of new converts who are taken by that promise, and many are baptized at the many rivers throughout Oyo's lands. Additional planned cities are built at OTL Monrovia, Conakry and Freetown, all in a bid to urbanize the new lands in the far west of the empire. Angrily, Olorun demands the census that was supposed to be delievered last year. His servents are swift to bring him the statistics showing a population of 5,710,442 citizens, appessing Olorun. The new information allows him to resettle the population through incentives of land grants and monetary compensation, and move them into the far western half of the nation, allowing Oyo to exploit the rich resources of the land. The education of the population outside of the literacy campaigns have proceeded well, with a considerable number of Oyo graduating from the universities and monsteries set up under Oranyan's rule, and contributing to the growth of the Oyo's world knowledge. Elsewhere, Alaafin Akitunde has landed in Brahmani, and begins to seek out the learned ones of the nation. While there, his men purchase many maps, tools, luxuries, and a gemstone of great quality, from the local rulers.
 * ​Munster: King Eamon continues to build up respect as a good ruler amongst his vassals and other Irish lords. Some vessels begin going farther south, into areas in Africa, mostly Castilian Gibraltar, but some people wonder what lies in the interior of the continent, as we have travelled to West Africa. Some ships make it to Oyo, and as trade relations have been established, we begin trading with them, although the amount of trade is small, due to the location of Oyo. Many reactionary Normans see the current situation as the end of a Roman Catholic and Norman-ruled Ireland. As such, sentiments arise amongst the nobility against the King, and revolts occur in Cork, which are put down by the government forces. The situation, however, is less dire than in England, due to Normans making up a very small proportion of the populace, but some staunch Roman-Catholic Irishmen, mostly living in coastal cites support their cause. We raise our levies and march them to hotspots of trouble. After meeting with the English, we pledge to send aid to England if they have troubles with revolts and rebellions. The road in Mayo continues to spread north, with clans settling along it. Our influence continues to spread, and many clans convert to Western Catholicism. At this moment in time, half of Mayo is vassalized by Munster. The Confederation of Eire is formed under Albion, and it is popular amongst coastal clans in Mayo looking for money from trade. However, we open it to all Irish nations and clans to join into it. (This will be similar to a closely-bound alliance ingame). The Garda Slavacha grows, with many Slavs from all over Eastern Europe signing up. They are equipped with the most modern and nasty weapons and trained to the fullest by some of the best warriors in Albion, and are used as the King's bodyguard, due to the conflicts in Ireland. A monk known as Fionn continues begins to travel across the Isle picking up tales and myths of various tribes before they die out, and begins to put together a journal of what he sees. He passes into the north, realm of isolated clans between the Anglo-Irish realms of Ulster and Munster, and few know his location. We continue to influence Leinster and we open our borders to them, allowing Leinsterians to enter Munster and become immersed in modern Irish culture. Some return wanting to join the Confederation, and we send formal diplomats into Leinster's borders. Serious talks of a merger arise, with many believing in the Munsterian ideal of a strong, united Ireland, and Munsterian and Albionian culture has saturated Leinster, and they join the Confederation of Ireland (become our vassals). (Year Five of Five in vassalization). Munsterian traders establish a settlement in northern England, and despite troubles with the local English, the King of England has supported it, and we send troops over to protect Irish people from reactionary Normans. Some move into Scotland, a fellow-Celtic realm after being fed up with local Normans. A ship with mead on it sails into Ballydrogheda. and the beverage becomes popular amongst the nobility. At the moment, two factions are emerging: The Kings-Men, who support the King and the Western Catholic Church. The Kingsmen mostly consist of lower-class rural workers and native Irishmen, and the Old-Liners, who mostly consist of merchants and Norman nobility. The southeastern coast becomes increasingly violent and controlled by Old-Liners, prompting us to send men to hold Kings-Men strongholds such as Ballydrogheda and Waterford. Tales of the western isle of Hy-Brasil become popular amongst the merchants and nobility, and some wonder if a voyage to that realm can be done, citing the possible presence of brazilwood.
 * The Mamluk Sultanate, continues to offer minor subsidies to Copts to relocate to Armenia or Georgia, a deal which about another 10,000 accept. In the Nubian Emirate, the guerrilla warfare continues. al-Mansur continues the growth of the navy's set of caravels and frigates, and the new trading corporations continue with the wave of discoveries. As the Mamluks grow less and less powerful, the pride in the region, called the Mashriq, develops. The Swahili Trade and Exploration Company (STEC) consolidates its trade grasp over regions it have discovered. Meanwhile, the Indian Association of Free Arab Traders and Merchants (IAFATM) continues to influence Aceh. Education at both universities (Alexandria and Damascus) continues strongly. Research into mills for the Nile continue. Cotton growing becomes an important industry. Greater interaction with the Venetians has resulted in an interest in learning Latin, which catches on in some regions. Mesopotamia begins to pay attention to the intellectual movement in the Mamluk state. As a result, construction on the University of Baghdad continues. In addition, the ideas of Saadiq Assaf begin to spread among the local clergy. All Burji states grow militarily as tensions appear to pick back up. All vassals (al-Sumal, al-Swahili, Ifat, and Socotra) expand by 10,000 sq km. Faced with the issue of the vassals of the Empire rebelling, the Mamelukes mobilize their military, but in order to strike at their maximum they will not strike back this turn, but do undergo small skirmishes with the traitorous vassals. Full out invasions of the rebellious vassals now occur, but the ones further south in Africa are let be for now in order to concentrate on Nubia and other such places. Rex asked me to post this, hate me not, please.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire begins the restoration of the Mausoleum of Bodrum now that the needed funds have been collected. The best stonemasons and artists are hired from around the Mediterranean in order to bring beauty once more to the large structure. The military is still on alert because of the Naxos crisis and continues its patrols in the Aegean. The Emperor hears of the fine gunpowder weapons being created in Holland, and sends an emissary to purchase some. In addition, the Emperor also begins the process of creating a bank in order to manage the Empire's newly vast funds better.
 * Grand Duchy of Moscow (And the Rest of the Realm): In Rome, Emily, the sister of Dimitri I has been married to King Charles I of the Kingdom of Italy. As brother in laws, an alliance is proposed between our two nations of Moscow and Italy. The growth of Moscow continues. Military development continues.
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Landshut expands its military. Albert II continues petitioning the bishops and clergy of Wurzburg (year 2 out of 6) for tribute and manpower. The population continues to rise. Albert and his council continue to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with thirty-five large carracks being finished, and by 1436 a trade route is put in place. Such important places in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany. The planned market center in Landshut is opened, with Austria, Venice, France, Castile, the Roman Empire, and Saxony being invited to do business in Landshut. In religious news, Albert publicly converts to the Reformed Christian religion in March. Most of his council are content with his decision. The same month, Grand Duchess Elisabeth converts as well, renouncing her Catholic faith. In other news, Princess Eleanor begins private schooling, being the second, and most likely, heiress to the Bavarian throne. Rumors persist about the possibility of Albert II being impotent and unable to bear children.
 * ​​Munchen: The main campus of Queen Isabell University is completed, and the beginning courses include French, Latin, English, and Greek as well as theology, clergy training and mathematics being taught. By 1436, the total class amounts to about 1300 people. Troops authorized by Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed in Munchen as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed in Straubing as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed in Ingolstadt as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders. Continuing in 1436, the chaotic government of Burgau is replaced by Bavarian military rule.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Trier: We upgrade our military and economy. We influence the states around us. Glad that the war in Saxony is well over, and that we were able to proudly serve the empire and our allies, we withdraw our military back to Trier.
 * Hungary, Croatia and all the vassals of Hungary see a greater number of military fortifications made. Hungary continues to grow economically, increasing trading with each other. Hungary also keeps its armies trained and well-drilled. Bosnia is expanded 10,000 km by the army who are looking to establish control as so their borders are not affected in the future.
 * Colorado Confederation: The civil war continues and the sides are drawn. Those who support centralization of the Confederation are those near capital cities, with the most strong supporters being near the city of Kim and the anti-Centralizationist are mainly in the outskirts of the Confederation. In between Kim and the Outskirts the middle soon divides with competing influences of autonomy and centralization and thus results in much fighting and chaos. As a result the city of Kim with the support the Navajo and the Pueblo in order to stabalize the region. The Anti-Centralists site this as as an act of aggression and inspires many to go against the central government with Kim defending its actions to keep peace among the Confederation.
 * Castile: The Castilian economy continues a larger process of pulling in more money through trade. The Castilians begin to send missionaries into Morocco in hopes to convert populations. The infrastructure of Castile is also expanded more. Castile, in order to facilitate more conversions to Christianity, imposes higher taxes on non-Christians in the areas it controls personally or by proxy through its vassals. Castile has successfully mapped large parts of the African coast south of Morocco and down as far as their settlements in Capo Verde. The developing class in Castile of skilled artisans, merchants, blacksmiths and the like has led to a large increase in productivity of the country with even a few researchers managing to work on new designs - including a more efficient hand cannon which gets its own dedicated corps in the developing Royal army of Castile. The Castilian noblity begins to adapt toward a newer system to revamp or work on their power as they move toward becoming advisors to the king and less involved in their feudal estates which while growing have developed Guilds to facilitate payments for the efforts of the men working, The expert worksmanship of many of these men has seen notable increase in productivity for each feudal state with most lords not complaining. The Kingdom's cities begin to be improved with somewhat better sanitation and the King hires architects to plan out a sewer system, as well as a true plan for multiple major cities. Castile begins a major process of researching the arquebus acquired and develops its own version which is used to replace the hand cannons which is finally finished. The Castilian navy, using the Canaries as a base, continually explore the area and discover a new island chain, the closest island is able to be settled and a small settlement springs up on the islands and is built up and styled as a resupply base. (1000 sq km). The population of Castile officially reaches about 4.3 million and continuing to grow rapidly thanks to a sharp increase in agricultural production. The construction of a new kind of warship with cannons is completed. A heavy warship much more powerful than most other ships of the time. The King notices the heavily increased productivity and income flow due to his hands off policy and non interference and begins to allow artists, minstrels, and other artistic and scientific minds become more prevalent in Castile, many believe the Castilian Renaissance is imminent. Castile due to its naval range, high income, extensive and dominant trande network become one of the largest and most dynamic trade empires of the Atlantic and Western Medditerrenean. The Castilian navy with its new heavy warships and some new updated designs for older ships organizes a heavy royal fleet phasing out past organizations. The Royal army of Castile has now almost wholly replaces the previous feudalistic military forces and has a size of nearly 50,000 and growing thanks in part to the good funding being provided by the king. In order to make up for lost power the King as behest of his new wife, and several of his friends who are nobles creates a kings advisory council which officially has the power of the king in many matters if authorized. The men are also given station to critisize the kings actions to keep him from going crazy with power.
 * Granada:  The Christianization of Granada continues in earnest with a more sizeable converted population working its way through the country. The Emir, however, remains secretly Christian and begins hiring a few Castilian advisors who are wholly more competent than many of the Granadan advisors. The country also begins to see some issues with its settlement in Morocco with many of them being Christian Castilians or converts. The Granadans continue to show more Christianization processes occurring with a viable expanding population of Christians living in the core towns Cities. The country begins to show promising signs of real economic advancement. The population of true Castilians in the country begins to increase to rival the native Granadans as many of the Muslims have left the area due to the unfavorable atmosphere of the country. The Nation of Granada has now Christianized somewhat considerably with a real large minority of Christians existing within the country's borders. The Emir, however, managed to maintain a favorable position with both denominations and hold the country together effectively through careful management.
 * Kingdom of the Canaries:  Now granted a semi-autonomous status from Castile the Canaries begin to work up their economy to a certain degree greatly utilizing the traders from Portugal as well as the new route to Oyo, and the trade from the Mediterranean. The Canaries are able to build upon the multiple viable settlements and a moderately sized and growing population. The Canaries, finally completely covering the islands, begins to send moderately sized fleets that are resupplied from the islands and from Castile to continually explore the area. The Canaries help supply settlers and fleets moving to Capo Verde.
 * Kingdom of Cyprus:  Cyprus continues to operate effectively with the Knights Hospitaller headquartered here and helping keep the relative peace. However, policing is left up to local organization sanctioned by King Matthias of Cyprus. The King of Cyprus begins to see Castilian culture not as a dominant force but a possible blendable culture that can fit well within Cyprisian society. The Economy and military of the country is built up as is the infrastructure with a nice road system being built throughout the country. Cyprus gaining large funds from being a Castilian Trade hub, begins building a few ships domestically, and purchases ships from Castiles, or her allies shipwrights forming a respectable Cyprisian navy of almost 30 ships with expected expansion to come.
 * Austria: We train and expand our military using new experience from recent wars, and grow our nation economically. Veteran infantry from recent conflicts are armed with pikes. Using tactics learned from the swiss, these units establish strong training regimens to ensure they are masters of handling of the Spiess (The German term for "skewer") on maneuvers and in combat. These units also employ the use of drums to march in time, allowing pike blocks to rise to the attack, making them less passive and more aggressive formations. Units are also trained in forming defensive formations to counter cavalry charges. These pike units become known as Landsknechts, and begin to be integrated into the Austrian military. This leads to Landsknecht phalanxes also containing men armed with two-handed swords, or Zweihänder, and halberdiers for close combat against both infantry and attacking cavalry. After years of research into a practical use for hand cannons on the battlefield, the Austrian military approves the first adequate design, known as the Hakenpistole (Arquebus), as a short ranged muzzle-loaded firearm. Deemed too slow and inaccurate to carry a regiment by itself, the gun is equip among a small number of soldiers in each regiment, to aid infantry and conventional ranged weaponry, such as bows. The device also becomes popular on ships and in hunting among the elite. We continue influencing our vassal states of Salzburg, Gorizia, Augsburg, Burgau, Patria del Friuli, Chur, Württemberg, the Electorate of the Palatinate, Oettingen, Ulm, Cilli, and others. We begin influencing Liege, Strassburg, and Metz. We continue to improve relations with our Italian neighbors to the south. We increase trade with the Grand Duchy of Bavaria. The formation and organization of the newly founded kaiserliche und königliche Kriegsmarine continues, proving to be a successful investment. We continue assimilating the population of Aquileia, which has become dependent on Austrian trade and support for its defense and prosperity. We continue to grow closer through trade. Albert II has his first son, named George, while his daughter turns seven. Albert II calls a council of the states of the Holy Roman Empire, beginning the Imperial Diet of Eger, and asks all states to attend. At the conference Albert II hopes to reform the constitutional order (Verfassungsordnung) of the Holy Roman Empire. Feuds will be banned, and discussions are to be held on a revision of the rights of coinage and escort (Geleitrecht). The empire will also be divided into administrative divisions known as imperial circles.
 * Salzburg: The Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg orders the training of levies to be used in war. Military and economy is expanded.
 * Gorizia: The nation’s fields are expanded to allow for greater agricultural yields. Trade begins with nearby nations, including Venice and Milan. Military and economy is expanded.
 * Augsburg: The Mixed Imperial City of Augsburg encourages the growth of industry, producing large quantities of woven goods, cloth and textiles. The city of Augsburg is established as a major city of the Holy Roman Empire through the creation of several banking and financial institutions. We grow economically through trade routes with Austria, Bavaria, and other German states. The city’s leaders support Burgau’s conflict against Bavarian claims, although state that they will support whatever decision the emperor comes to. Military and economy is expanded.
 * Aquila: Ties grow between Austria through trade and the use of our ports. We finish constructing a shipyard to further facilitate trade and shipbuilding, allowing for the production of several new ships.
 * Chur: Military and economy is expanded.
 * Württemberg: Military and economy is expanded.
 * Palatinate: Military and economy is expanded.
 * Oettingen: Military and economy is expanded.
 * Bohemia: Military and economy is expanded. With the war in Saxony over, to better administrate the Kingdom of Bohemia and its vassals, several minor nations loyal to Bohemia are consolidated into the nations of Silesia and Lusatia.
 * Silesia: Military and economy is expanded. A central government is established to administer the nation, with all local lords swearing fealty to the Duke of Silesia and the King of the Germans, Albert II.
 * Lusatia: Military and economy is expanded. A central government is established to administer the nation, with all local lords swearing fealty to the Duke of Lusatia and the King of the Germans, Albert II.
 * Moravia: Having recently acquired the title of Margrave of Moravia, Albert II tightens his grip over the regions of Brandenburg and Luxembourg. Military and economy is expanded.
 * Brandenburg: Military and economy is expanded.
 * Luxembourg: Military and economy is expanded.
 * Saxony: Military and economy is expanded. We begin rebuilding our nation in the aftermath of the recent war. The elector of Saxony pledges fealty to the Holy Roman Emperor, and to Austria itself, to which he is a vassal.
 * UNC: The UNC works on putting down the rebellion as the military and infrastructure expands.

1437
'''James I of Scotland is stabbed. In a ceremony in Holyrood Abbey, James II of Scotland is crowned at the age of six by the pope. Edinburgh is made the capital of Scotland. Sandside Chase in the north of Scotland: Clan Mackay defeats the Clan Gunn of Caithness.'''

Ulugh Beg's Zij-i-Sultani star catalogue is published.

The Mamluk-led trading associations stop affiliating themselves with the government, becoming more private in nature.

'''Eel farms along the lines of the one invented two years ago become popular amongst the Tharawal and their subject tribes. At least ten such eel farms have been built by this point. The couple who made the original farm have built a humpy made of wood and rocks, rather than sticks and hide, so they can stay next to the farm all year round. '''
 * Aztec Empire: We increase our friendship with the Triple Alliance (Tlacopan and Texcoco) as well as our friendly relations with the Zapotec Alliance. Emperor Itzual begins to grow ill, and his memory begins to fade calling Montezuma II, "Mountain Zoom" and he stays in his bed chambers. Cuachtemoc and the Aztec Empire continue to expand and enhance the military. Montezuma II oversees the construction of the canals, as the construction of the Templo Mayor wonder is postponed, until a stable empire can be guaranteed. We expand our economy, while building more fishing ships that now have monopolized the lake of Mexico. We expand northwest a good amount of pixels.
 * <p class="MsoNormal">The United Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia: Trade continues to grow, as an increase in finished goods allows for higher profits. The mines and foundries also grow. Constanta grows more, and the population reaches nearly 20,000 people. The booming salt trade is filling the coffers and much of the new wealth is spent promoting and encouraging enterprises.
 * Duchy of Hamburg: Bruchhausen is vassalized. With the onset of hostilities in the lowlands, Hamburg requests that Hamburger ships not be targeted by the Dutch forces. Bavaria is asked if Hamburg can trade in its market. Johann Von Lutz manages to convince the HTSC to loan three ships for a southward journey with the hope of making direct contact with the Oyo before eventually crossing the equator.
 * Bruchhausen: Military and economy built up.
 * Lippe: Military and economy built up.
 * Bavarian Dip: The Hamburger merchants are happily welcomed into Landshut to do business.
 * Prussia: The Prussians continue to convert to the Western Church. The Prussians begin to build their army.
 * Masovia: The Kingdom of Masovia also continues recovering their economy and continues building a new national army. The Masovians continue construction of their capital at Czersk. The Masovians also continue converting to the Western Church.
 * Pomerania: The Pomeranians continue building their economy and continue building a new national army. The Pomeranians also continue converting to the Western Church. A plan to return Pomerania to the HRE falls through due to the steadily increasing population of Western Church followers who are justifiably afraid of what the bigoted Catholics will do to them.
 * Courland: The Curonians also begin developing their economy and military. The Curonians also begin converting to the Western Church.
 * <p class="MsoNormal">Brabant-Hainaut-Holland: With the concession of Flanders as a dowry, Karl van Nassau and Joanne Orleans are married in Brussels amongst great excitement from the General Estates, the Flemish aristocracy, and merchants are at once offered seats in the General Estates though Flanders is not formally united yet with the rest of the General Estates until Karl assumes rule over the realms owned by his mother, for now remaining the co-ruler of Flanders, with his new wife. Karl sets about at once mobilizing local Flemish forces to re-inforce the troops of the General Estates. With formal control over most of the Lowlands, Engelburt makes another request with the other Netherlander states to stand behind the General Estates in their fight for emancipation from the HRE. This time, however, the request is with more authoritive inclinations as the General Estates now hold the power necesary to back their requests. More troops are sent to help the forces invading Utrecht and Liege. Wallonian Blacksmiths in Brabant, and Hainuat, develop a basic idea for the Matchlock mechanism (it'll take at least another five to ten years to develop it) which is seen quickly as an advantage over the cumbersome system currently used, The military leaders loyal to the General Estates are eager to see how effective this new system will be once it is fully developed.  Naval expansion continues and the navy continues to harrass Austrian trade wherever it can, while it blockades the ports of Utrecht.  The new General Estates Army formation is put to the test finally as it pits against the forces of Liege, decimating the Bishoproc's smaller force, The Siege of Liege itself begins in September of this year.  Reformists continue to preach the ways of the reformation throughout Western Europe, focusing now on the Netherlands, in particular the newly acquired County of Flanders. Trade is affected to an extent by rise of war in the Lowlands. However, the acquisition of Flanders and their traders adds to the Dutch traders, and greatly expands the possible money to be gained. Wallon smithies also begin producing cuirasses in much larger numbers to replace heavy armor to favor mobility, and light cavalry, as knights in the General Estates have slowly disappeared and feudalism has gone as well.
 * France: The military and navy are built up, the vassalage of Limoges and Armagnac begins, Continues establishing its own entity to deal with the religious crisis left by the schism. While this, Prince Louis turns ten and continues attending a renowned school in Paris learning about politics and theology, navy experience a huge boost due to trade with North Africa through St Marie d'Africa. The alliance with Austria is reviewed, but for now France states neutrality is their best policy.
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up. The same choice made by the French is taken by the Burgundians as they feel the same way to France. Burgundy is reluctant to do as Brabant-Hainaut-Holland desires and says it will consider it.
 * Flanders: Military and navy are built up, economy expands.
 * Blois: Military, economy expand.
 * Dunois: Military and economy expand.
 * Angouleme: Military and economy expand.
 * Parthenay: Military and economy expand.
 * Perigord: Military and economy expand.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy expand.
 * Orleans: Military and economy expand.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up.
 * Berry: Military and economy are built up.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Auvergne: Military and economy are built up.
 * Forez: Military and economy are built up.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up
 * The Kingdom of England (member state of the Kingdoms of Greater Albion): English military and navy are expanded with many new war cogs being added to the English fleets. The World Exploration Council continues to expand influence after the massive success of the African Trade delegations. Further exploration and perhaps the formation of a trade outpost are considered for the future. King Edward IV continues to push for English to be used as the primary language at the court. North Sea trade is almost completely dominated by the North Sea Trading Alliance (Holland, and Albion mostly). Nordic and English culture continues to blend, with stories of the mythical Norse gods becoming popular reading among the wealthy segments of the population. Scotland continues to integrate the government fully with that of England and of Albion in full. The trouble with the Normans errupts into open attacks on the new settlers and members of the lower classes, feeling that their predominately French, Roman Catholic culture is in jeopardy. The King meets with Irish diplomats as well as local commoners in the North in attempt to find a way to halt the Norman Rebellions. Royal troops are moved into Liverpool after Norman nobles attempt and fail to capture the city. The King's forces are moved into the Highlands to protect anglo-celt settlements. The King renounces the titles of the leading Norman noblemen, Alfred Cuase and Louis Chraltes, after they declare themselves enemies of the King. The King of England, Edward IV, attends King James' coronation in Edinburgh as a continued gesture of good will in the newly vassalized state.
 * ​Dublin: After the years of upgrading, Dublin becomes a shining jewel in the Eire. The King of Albion meets with Irish diplomats to discuss the conflicts in England.
 * Wales: The Welsh military and navy are expanded. The Welsh begin to see the fruits of all the English banking investments as large areas of the nation see improvements in infrastructure. Representation in the Albion Parliament increases as a minor population boom in and around Cardiff begins.
 * Portugal continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Leiname. Meanwhile, the colony in Santa Maria expands by 200 sq km, as São Miguel continues to be settled.
 * County of Oldenburg: Crown Prince Frederick is in dire need of a wife, and his younger sisters, (18 and 17 years old) are also in dire need of husbands. Any and all offers will be accepted (providing that the candidate is Catholic [we don't care which branch] and European). The Captain-General's recommendations for the improvement of the military are carried out this year. Constables are appointed for each "Militaerbezirk" (military region) and each is charged with finding and arming a set number of men for that region's regiment. The cost of arming and training the men is divided between the comital government, the local lords, and the local councils. Most men are armed with pikes or halberds, although Hauptmaenner (captains) are given swords. The OHG is making a mint for itself. The Count grants the company a monopoly on all whaling and sealing activities in the North Sea; a gesture merely confirming the OHG's position as Oldenburger's only whaling and sealing fleet. The fleet is now divided roughly in two, with one half sailing north to whale an seal, and the other half sailing to Portugal, Morocco or the lands of Venice.
 * Prince-Bishopric of Oldenburg: The episcopal militia comes into being, with an Oldenburger officer being appointed the Captain-General. Trade with Oldenburg increases. Scholars in the monastery publish a tract entitled: "A Humble Proposal for Healing the Schism",  basically expounding Sedevacantist views and urging other countries to stop recognising the current papal claimants so one pope for the whole of Catholicism can be elected.
 * Venetian Republic:
 * In Veneto: The Venetian Revival Continues 300 more cogs are manufactured in Coixa for the Venetian fleet. The new Venetian Fleet asserts its dominance over trade in the Mediterranean once more and now with the new cogs expands its trade influence. With the establishment of the Mediterranean Trade League, the Venetian and Roman trade booms, the trade share of Venice and the Byzantines in the Mediterranean grows and leaves them in control of close to 40% of trade in the Mediterranean (this is due to sheer trade capacity as well as controlling key points). The trade control increases use of the Venetian Ducat and Roman Stavraton as a currency for trade, the former now being used from the Black Sea ports all around the coast of Europe to Novgorod and Moscow in the north and the latter all across the Mediterranean. Giovanni Bonmont (OTL Johannes Gutenberg) is captured by the investors he is indebted to, they demand that he pays his debts or else they will kill him, wishing to live he offers to give them an invention of his instead. They are suspicious and convinced it's yet another bad investment ploy but nevertheless hear him out. Honouring the agreement with Moscow, Venice instructs a group of traders to send salt and other goods up into Muscovite lands at favourable rates. In the war, Venice finally claims victory after crushing the Moroccan army in a key set of battles on the western coast. A treaty is drawn up and signed by the sultan under instruction from his viziers. Venice occupies the Moroccan Mediterranean coast and a key port area on the western coast and a large chunk of land in southernmost Morocco. Many Morrocans are enslaved and sold across Europe, and any troublesome Morrocans in the occupied territories face the same issue. The Venetian fleet is told to explore trade across the west african coast and report the situation to the Doge for his instructions. Meanwhile, Republican reforms are being enforced, as all across the Empire various new laws come into place that spread Venetian Democracy across the lands. War-turn
 * In Porto Tolle: Trade continues to flow to Naples and Milan, Porto Tolle becomes a key point via which those opposed to the new Kingdom of Italy leave the Kingdom for brighter prospects across the Mediterranean.
 * In Istra: With the trade agreement signed, Istra flourishes and the people rejoice. Terrano wine increases in price due to the demand with grape growers and wine merchants finding it difficult to quench the thirst of Hungary. With the tourney ending, the merchants are left rich and many others poor. Various goods leave the nation for Hungary and Venice, such as lime, cement, bricks and stone as well as these wine unique to the region known as Terrano wine is sold almost exclusively in Hungary and Venice.
 * In the Epirote Free Ports: The school in Saranda begins teaching its first group of apprentices in various arts. Titani is content with its amount of artisans and begins exporting fine clothes across its trade partners. Preveza decides to follow the path of Saranda and starts building its own school, to be finished in two years time. Salted fish, feta cheese, wool, goat meat and fine clothes are traded particularly this year with the Romans, Mamluks and Italy, the new trade league carries goods far though bringing them to Castile as well.
 * In the Peloponnese: Argos continues renovations and the Peloponnese trade fleet takes products from the local area to the Hungarians in the west. Olive oil and wine are exported this year, mainly along land routes to Byzantine Greece.
 * In Attica: Marathons port is finished and while its first few months are nothing remarkable, it is the promise of future wealth that keeps peoples hopes high. The single Attican ship sails for Constantinople and Venice, hoping to reap profits.
 * Epirote Republic: Most goods go to the free ports still, and so in an effort to encourage trade through their own port the republic puts a subsidy on goods leaving the port of Filiates. War-turn
 * Venetian Empire:
 * Province of Candia: More people migrate to Candia, taking up residence in the various lands that are being granted to immigrant families. Trade through Candia grows and Candian wines, olives and oil, pungent cheeses and candied citron peels are traded primarily this year with the Romans, Mamluks and Wallachia. Candian trade now also favours stopping in the Crimea and Georgia and in the west they stop in Castile. War-turn
 * Corfiot Protectorate: With the finishing line for the forts in six years, the construction drags on but many passers-by and travellers are awed by the fortified isle and the line of forts and many share tales of the island of turrets and towers far and wide. Corfiot wine and olive oil is traded through the Epirote Free Ports and finds profit in Castile and Italy. War-turn
 * Province of Kaffa: Kaffa the city is becoming a pivotal point in Black Sea trade and Victor Borozzi hopes that it will become the Venice of the Black Sea. The Kaffan navy acts as the crux of the salt trade, with ships from Venice being freed to carry more black sea trade. Kaffa sends hired mercenaries to help in the invasion of Morocco, not wishing to lose any ships. Wines, crops and iron from Kaffa are traded to the Byzantines (specifically the Byzantines in Crimea but the rest as well), Jochid Ulus, Wallachians, Georgians, Ottomans and Muscovy, in order of trade volume. Trade also reaches the Mamluks. The Kaffa salt trade continues to make the region prosper and most of the salt trade ends up in Venice but also Constantinople although some is diverted to Moscow. War-turn
 * Naxos: The immigration to Naxos begins to slow as many lords are refusing to take on more people in their lands. With the Naxian crisis at the bursting point, they refuse to do anything but send supplies to the Venetian force. The Hospitalar grand council is full of factionalism and the Gastaldo of Negroponte fails in uniting any to deal with the common issue, they squabble over various possible solutions. The Naxians land in Aegina and secure the island. However, a tense stand-off occurs outside Porto Leone and Venetian merchants, not wanting trade to be disrupted, join forces with the Athenians to scare the Naxians back to Naxos. Trade on the island is interrupted as the instability causes issues with nobles vying for control over official offices. Secretly the Hospitalar hope that the Doge will be distracted by the war in Morocco and not pay them attention as they begin to make moves against fellow vassals. Mil-turn
 * Aegina: Aegina is occupied by Naxos, the occupiers do not disrupt the daily business of the island. However, they do keep a close eye on Geragio, to ensure loyalty. War-turn
 * Athens: Trade with Portugal and Castile continues and with the Mediterranean Trade League lessening competition, Athens looks into Black Sea trade which is now being called the "Golden Sea" in Athens for its wealth in trade. Athens trades with Wallachia and Georgia, keeping its investments on the safe side. Frederico sends half his ships, laden with mercenaries, to assist in Morocco. With the Naxian forces heading back to Naxos, Athens celebrates and grants bountiful gifts to the merchants that assisted them. War-turn
 * Negroponte: Mining continues at good levels supporting spending in the city. The interest on the state debt is paid. Negropontean lignite, iron, nickel and marble are traded with Venice and Rome almost exclusively. With the dawn of the Mediterranean Trade League, profits rise as Constantinople becomes completely open for the various metal and mineral trades. With the Gastaldo absent, Negroponte runs less smoothly and many local officials feel uncomfortable about the continuing alliance with Naxos. Eco-turn
 * Ragusa: The Mediterranean Trade League causes a boom in Ragusa, helping to ease the transition into vassalage for many Ragusans. The Ragusan fleet heads east and decides to try to maximise trade with the east, they begin to gather spices and silks from across the Mamluk ports and bring them to Venice for trade across Europe. War-turn
 * Japan (Ashikaga Clan): We fix up our roads and add outposts in different areas just to watch out for more enemies trying to attack us. We build up our economy by fixing trade routes to the Usegi state. Around our capital city we continue to build a giant fort - walls and towers that go around the whole city. Since war is over for now, we go back to rebuilding our first college of Japan. We increase our military by adding more troops to our borders. Feeling safe we send our traders back on the roads to trade with the other states. We increase our port cities to increse trade.
 * The Nation of the Oirats: Cement and iron increases in production. Iron weapons is now majorly used. More firearm smiths are built in Oskemen. More beer is fermented and it becomes a popular drink for the nomads. As we increase in population, we slowly target our expansion northward. We expand 20 px to the North. We speed up our expansion North and East towards Lake Baikal. We invent fire by 3 rank (volley fire) and we start to develop a musket that can be shot by only one person. We continue to built cities and centralize.
 * Bengal Sultanate: The decrease in taxes on the landed elite do their job in most areas of the Sultanate, decreasing the tax load on the peasantry and earning him their support. The tax cuts on the merchant class allow for more trade to be conducted, and a recent lax on some of the quota laws allows for more goods to be shipped from Bengal, greatly increasing trade income. Influence grows on Ahom and Koch, as we provide much of their food, and many of their other goods since they trade exclusively with us. The money gained from the trade continues to arm the various levies of the Sultanate, the landed elite, Orissa, and Arakan. Trade with the states of Ava, Koch, Garjat, and Ahom continues, with influence being placed through trade on Ava and Garjat. Cash crops continue to be grown in large amounts. With our merchants traveling to Ava, Koch, Ahom and Arakan regularly, Islam continues to grow in their nations. Most all trade roads begin to see much-needed maintenance. The merchants that continually travel between Kohm, Aoch and Ava continue to allow for some of the populations of those nations to continue to convert to Islam. Due to trade with China and other Middle Eastern nations, cannon and hand cannon designs become more common, leading most of the landed elite to continue to outfit their levies with cannons and hand cannons. Due to Bengal having control over lands of multiple ethnicities and religions, literary works in the form of poems and epics begin to take influence from all three religions of the Sultanate. We continue work on a central trade road that connects the capital cities of Bengal, Arakan, Koch, Aohm, and Orissa together in order to better movement of goods and missionaries. Urdu, also called Hindi by some, becomes more common in the Sultanate due to the mixing of Hindu and Islamic ideals.
 * Kingdom of Arakan: Due to their trade being controlled mainly by Bengal for many years, their vassalization by Bengal has allowed them to open up their ports to other nations, and serve as resting point for many Bengali traders. Due to the influx of Islamic merchants into Arakan, the entire population in Arakan begin to see many more conversions of their residents to Islam. The son of the Bengali Sultan, Zulfiqar Padma Shah continues to control of the Kingdom. Continues working on military and infrastructure.
 * Emirate of Andamana: Mansoor Basil Amirmoez continues to reclaim land on the island to make room for farms, and to have timber for building both boats and houses. The Emirate expands another 500 km into the island. The ships built by the timber from the island help contribute to Bengali trade. Continues working on economy and infrastructure.
 * Rajya of Orissa: Unlike the other vassals of the Bengali Sultanate, Bhandudeva IV is kept farther away from the daily politics of controlling Orissa, relying mainly on Islamic advisors sent directly by the Bengal Sultan. The advisors quickly persuade Bhandudeva IV to allow the Muslims settlers in the northern part of the Rajya to hold land south of the previously agreed living space. Continues working on military and infrastructure.
 * Maharaja of Koch: Now vassalized by Bengal, the Mahraja of Koch begins to receive extensive help in creating viable farmland. They do this by continuing a process of land reclamation in the northern part of the state, which is largely marshy and thinly populated. This process of reclamation begins by using dykes, embankments and irrigation systems.
 * Swargadeo of Ahom: Now vassalized by Bengal, the Swargadeo of Ahom begins to recieve extensive help in creating viable farmland. They do this by continuing a process of land reclamation in the northern part of the state, which is largely marshy and thinly populated. This process of reclamation begins by using dykes, embankments and irrigation systems.
 * Chiribaya: We stop building fortifications for now.
 * Mayan Emprie: As we expand 100 pixels south, we improve our economy.
 * Kingdom of Georgia: The first mesame formations join the Jarishuri this year, and begin drilling for future campaigns. King Giorgi convenes the batonishvili - the lesser Bagratuni princes (dukes) - to renegotiate their scutage and levies. In exchange for subsidizing the expansion of the Georgian navy and some concessions on seigneurial rights, the batonishvili agree to send one-fifth of their levies to the Jarishuri, strengthening the Georgian army. Meanwhile, in Ossetia, Crown Prince Alexandre convenes the first meeting of the pan-Ossetian chieftains' assembly, and begins the lengthy process of nominating a single prince to govern Ossetia under Georgia's banner; four years remain until Ossetia is vassalized.
 * Georgian Diplomacy: Georgia sends a map of the proposed corridor to the Ottoman Empire, and inquires whether this redrawing of the borders would be acceptable. The ambassador states that King Giorgi is willing to offer compensation for the land, but that a swift decision one way or another by the Padishah would be greatly appreciated.
 * Kingdom of Armenia: In an effort to break into the growing Black Sea trade, the major Armenian merchant houses commission a joint venture to establish a mercantile presence in Batumi, Georgia's primary Black Sea port. As this venture is expected to be fairly risky despite the strong bonds between Georgia and Armenia, the merchant houses mutually agree to cover all losses incurred by the new Sevtsovyan arrevtri ynkerut’yuny (Black Sea Trade Company) in proportion to their investments. While the company encounters mixed success in its first year of operations, the goods it returns to Armenia stimulate the nation's economy.
 * Principality of Gordyene: As Christians now compose a sizable majority of Gordyene's population, religious tensions ease somewhat; the added stability strengthens the Gordian economy. With the addition of 4000 new Coptic citizens, and accounting for last year's conversions, Gordyene now has 60,000 Christians out of 90,000 total residents.
 * Principality of Adiabene: In recognition of his long and loyal service to the Bagratuni dynasty, Prince Gabro Barsohdo is wedded to Princess Tinatini - the eldest daughter of King Giorgi - this year, and is officially adopted into the Bagratuni dynasty. With the Prince's recognition as one of the batonishvili, merchants hoping to capitalize on the his newfound stature swarm the court at Arbela, expanding the Adiabenite economy. 3000 Copts immigrate this year; including last year's converts, Adiabene now has 68,000 Christians out of 125,000 total residents.
 * Principality of Ardalan: With the Principality's return to Mesopotamia just five years away, Prince Helo begins consolidating his grip on the province's levies; new training and drill restrictions effectively prevent non-Kurds from rising to commissioned officer positions. Though local Arabs are outraged at this clear discrimination, it does increase the reliability of Ardalan's levies, improving Ardalan's army.
 * Munster: King Eamon continues to build up respect as a good ruler amongst his vassals and other Irish lords. Some vessels begin going farther south, into areas in Africa, mostly Castilian Gibraltar, but some people wonder what lies in the interior of the continent, as we have travelled to West Africa. Some ships make it to Oyo, and as trade relations have been established, we begin trading with them, although the amount of trade is small, due to the location of Oyo. Many reactionary Normans see the current situation as the end of a Roman Catholic and Norman-ruled Ireland. As such, sentiments arise amongst the nobility against the King, and revolts occur in Cork, which are put down by the government forces. The situation, however, is less dire than in England, due to Normans making up a very small proportion of the populace, but some staunch Roman-Catholic Irishmen, mostly living in coastal cites support their cause. We raise our levies and march them to hotspots of trouble. After meeting with the English, we pledge to send aid to England if they have troubles with revolts and rebellions. The road in Mayo continues to spread north, with clans settling along it. Our influence continues to spread, and many clans convert to Western Catholicism. At this moment in time, slightly more than half of Mayo is vassalized by Munster. The Garda Slavacha grows, with many Slavs from all over Eastern Europe signing up. They are equipped with the most modern and nasty weapons and trained to the fullest by some of the best warriors in Albion, and are used as the King's bodyguard, due to the conflicts in Ireland. A monk known as Fionn continues begins to travel across the Isle picking up tales and myths of various tribes before they die out, and begins to put together a journal of what he sees. He passes into the north, realm of isolated clans between the Anglo-Irish realms of Ulster and Munster, and few know his location. The settlement in Northern England continues to grow, and despite troubles with the local English, the King of England has supported it, and we send troops over to protect Irish people from reactionary Normans. Some move into Scotland, a fellow-Celtic realm after being fed up with local Normans. A ship with mead on it sails into Ballydrogheda. and the beverage becomes popular amongst the nobility. At the moment, two factions are emerging: The Kings-Men, who support the King and the Western Catholic Church. The Kingsmen mostly consist of lower-class rural workers and native Irishmen, and the Old-Liners, who mostly consist of merchants and Norman nobility. The southeastern coast becomes increasingly violent and controlled by Old-Liners, prompting us to send men to hold Kings-Men strongholds such as Ballydrogheda and Waterford. Tales of the western isle of Hy-Brasil become popular amongst the merchants and nobility, and some wonder if a voyage to that realm can be done, citing the possible presence of brazilwood.
 * Ulster: Continues vassalising Sligo (2nd year). Traders continue to trade with Africa.
 * Zapotec: Emperor Tlaco expands Danibaan's influence in the surrounding city-states by way of the Zapotec Alliance. Roadways connecting cities in the alliance help merchants and soldiers move more freely between them. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. In the coastal regions under Danibaan's influence, more boats are created. Tlaco orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Daibaan continues expanding into the surrounding city-states north along the gulf coast.
 * Timurid Empire: We continue the Islamization of our vassals. We continue influencing the Chagatai Khanate (Year Nine out of 17). We continue working on the development of roads from Kandahar toward India. Gunpowder research continues, although the military generals still prefer non-firearms. In order to ensure the safety of the travelling traders, the Empire begins issueing IOUs to traders who wish to use them. Princess Esther's hand in marriage is offered to Junayd Safavi (needs mod response)
 * Jaunpur Sultanate: We work on our trade relations with neighbouring Indian nations and Islamization starts in our nation.
 * Mod Response: Junayd Safavi accepts.
 * Grand Duchy of Moscow (And the Rest of the Realm): Grand Duke of Moscow, Dmitri I is looking for a wife to keep the House of Rurik going. A message is sent to Albert of Austria to marry his sister. Meanwhile, Daniel, the Prince of Moscow, is still unmarried. Construction of the new sections of Moscow continues. Military development continues. The military remains at 110,000 with due to the large population and to protect the vast stretches of rural territory.
 * Venetian Diplomacy: The Doge offers his youngest daughter's (aged 18) hand in marriage to Daniel. He also offers a dowry of 500 Ducats with her, hoping to entice Daniel.
 * Muscovite Diplomacy: Grand Duke Dimitri I accepts the proposal of the royal marriage.
 * Castile: The Castilian economy continues a larger process of pulling in more money through trade. The Castilians begin to send missionaries into Morocco in hopes to convert populations. The infrastructure of Castile is also expanded more. Castile, in order to facilitate more conversions to Christianity, imposes higher taxes on non-Christians in the areas it controls personally or by proxy through its vassals. Castile has successfully mapped large parts of the African coast south of Morocco and down as far as their settlements in Capo Verde. The developing class in Castile of skilled artisans, merchants, blacksmiths and the like has led to a large increase in productivity of the country with even a few researchers managing to work on new designs - including a more efficient hand cannon which gets its own dedicated corps in the developing Royal army of Castile. The Castilian noblity begins to adapt toward a newer system to revamp or work on their power as they move toward becoming advisors to the king and less involved in their feudal estates which while growing have developed Guilds to facilitate payments for the efforts of the men working, The expert worksmanship of many of these men has seen notable increase in productivity for each feudal state with most lords not complaining. The Kingdom's cities begin to be improved with somewhat better sanitation and the King hires architects to plan out a sewer system, as well as a true plan for multiple major cities. Castile begins a major process of researching the arquebus acquired and develops its own version which is used to replace the hand cannons which is finally finished. The Castilian navy, using the Canaries as a base, continually explore the area and discover a new island chain, the closest island is able to be settled and a small settlement springs up on the islands and is built up and styled as a resupply base. (1000 sq km). The population of Castile officially reaches about 4.3 million and continuing to grow rapidly thanks to a sharp increase in agricultural production. The construction of a new kind of warship with cannons is completed. A heavy warship much more powerful than most other ships of the time. The King notices the heavily increased productivity and income flow due to his hands off policy and non interference and begins to allow artists, minstrels, and other artistic and scientific minds become more prevalent in Castile, many believe the Castilian Renaissance is imminent. Castile due to its naval range, high income, extensive and dominant trande network become one of the largest and most dynamic trade empires of the Atlantic and Western Medditerrenean. The Castilian navy with its new heavy warships and some new updated designs for older ships organizes a heavy royal fleet phasing out past organizations. The Royal army of Castile has now almost wholly replaces the previous feudalistic military forces and has a size of nearly 50,000 and growing thanks in part to the good funding being provided by the king. In order to make up for lost power the King as behest of his new wife, and several of his friends who are nobles creates a kings advisory council which officially has the power of the king in many matters if authorized. The men are also given station to critisize the kings actions to keep him from going crazy with power.
 * Granada: The Christianization of Granada continues in earnest with a more sizeable converted population working its way through the country. The Emir, however, remains secretly Christian and begins hiring a few Castilian advisors who are wholly more competent than many of the Granadan advisors. The country also begins to see some issues with its settlement in Morocco with many of them being Christian Castilians or converts. The Granadans continue to show more Christianization processes occurring with a viable expanding population of Christians living in the core towns Cities. The country begins to show promising signs of real economic advancement. The population of true Castilians in the country begins to increase to rival the native Granadans as many of the Muslims have left the area due to the unfavorable atmosphere of the country. The Nation of Granada has now Christianized somewhat considerably with a real large minority of Christians existing within the country's borders. The Emir, however, managed to maintain a favorable position with both denominations and hold the country together effectively through careful management..
 * Kingdom of the Canaries: Now granted a semi-autonomous status from Castile the Canaries begin to work up their economy to a certain degree greatly utilizing the traders from Portugal as well as the new route to Oyo, and the trade from the Mediterranean. The Canaries are able to build upon the multiple viable settlements and a moderately sized and growing population. The Canaries, finally completely covering the islands, begins to send moderately sized fleets that are resupplied from the islands and from Castile to continually explore the area. The Canaries help supply settlers and fleets moving to Capo Verde.
 * Kingdom of Cyprus: Cyprus continues to operate effectively with the Knights Hospitaller headquartered here and helping keep the relative peace. However, policing is left up to local organization sanctioned by King Matthias of Cyprus. The King of Cyprus begins to see Castilian culture not as a dominant force but a possible blendable culture that can fit well within Cyprisian society. The Economy and military of the country is built up as is the infrastructure with a nice road system being built throughout the country. Cyprus gaining large funds from being a Castilian Trade hub, begins building a few ships domestically, and purchases ships from Castiles, or her allies shipwrights forming a respectable Cyprisian navy of almost 70 ships with expected expansion to come.
 * Austria: We train and expand our military using new experience from recent wars, and grow our nation economically. Upon hearing news of rebellion in the lowlands, we dispatch a small force of the king’s personal soldiers to advise the local German lords and support them in their righteous struggle to restore order. This company of soldiers is comprised mostly of Landsknechts and veteran soldiers, armed with pikes, Zweihänders, and halberdiers for close combat against both infantry and attacking cavalry. This group is also outfitted with Hakenpistoles and conventional ranged weaponry, such as bows, to support the infantry. We continue influencing our vassal states of Salzburg, Gorizia, Augsburg, Burgau, Patria del Friuli, Chur, Württemberg, the Electorate of the Palatinate, Oettingen, Ulm, Cilli, and others. We begin influencing Mainz, Strassburg, and Metz. We continue to improve relations with our Italian neighbors to the south. We increase trade with the Grand Duchy of Bavaria. The formation and organization of the newly founded  kaiserliche und königliche Kriegsmarine continues, proving to be a successful investment. We continue assimilating the population of Aquileia, which has become dependent on Austrian trade and support for its defense and prosperity. Several years now after our conflict, we ask for a trade agreement with the nation of Venice to grow together economically and improve relations. We accept the offer from the Grand Duchy of Moscow and Margarete, Albert’s sister, is wed.
 * Salzburg: The Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg orders the training of levies to be used in war. Military and economy is expanded.
 * Gorizia: The nation’s fields are expanded to allow for greater agricultural yields. Trade begins with nearby nations, including Venice and Milan. Military and economy is expanded. We ask for a trade agreement with Venice.
 * Augsburg: The Mixed Imperial City of Augsburg encourages the growth of industry, producing large quantities of woven goods, cloth and textiles. The city of Augsburg is established as a major city of the Holy Roman Empire through the creation of several banking and financial institutions. We grow economically through trade routes with Austria, Bavaria, and other German states. Military and economy is expanded.
 * Aquila: Ties grow between Austria through trade and the use of our ports. We finish constructing a shipyard to further facilitate trade and shipbuilding, allowing for the production of several new ships.
 * Chur: Military and economy is expanded.
 * Württemberg: Military and economy is expanded.
 * Palatinate: Military and economy is expanded.
 * Oettingen: Military and economy is expanded.
 * Bohemia: Military and economy is expanded.
 * Silesia: Military and economy is expanded.
 * Lusatia: Military and economy is expanded.
 * Moravia: Having recently acquired the title of Margrave of Moravia, Albert II tightens his grip over the regions of Brandenburg and Luxembourg. Military and economy is expanded.
 * Brandenburg: Military and economy is expanded.
 * Luxembourg: Military and economy is expanded.
 * Saxony: Military and economy is expanded. We begin rebuilding our nation in the aftermath of the recent war. The elector of Saxony pledges fealty to the Holy Roman Emperor, and to Austria itself, to which he is a vassal.
 * Oyo Empire: The Oyo continue to expand their military, industry, and economy, whilst continuing their conversion to Islam (just pretend that all previous post about Christianity are about Islam, and all churches are mosques). The fleet of the Alaafin begins its return trip to Oyo, returning laden with goods, technologies such as Damascus steel, the concept of calculus and pi, the number zero, and books of science and astronomy, which he plans to use upon returning to Lagos. He also brings with him tigers as gifts for his loyal nobles, women and servents, and blueprints for bigger ships built by the Indian people to maintain trade with their colonies and vassals in the East Indies. Returning home with all of these great luxuries, Akitunde plans to reform many areas of his nation's culture, as well as increase the ability of his nation to advance culturally and economically.
 * Hungary, Croatia and all the vassals of Hungary see a greater number of military fortifications made. Hungary continues to grow economically, increasing trading with each other. Hungary also keeps its armies trained and well-drilled. Bosnia is expanded 10,000 km by the army who are looking to establish control as so their borders are not affected in the future.
 * Trier: We upgrade our military and economy. We influence the states around us. Glad that the war in Saxony is well over, and that we were able to proudly serve the empire and our allies, we withdraw our military back to Trier.
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Landshut expands its military. Albert II continues petitioning the bishops and clergy of Wurzburg (year 3 out of 6) for tribute and manpower. The population continues to rise. Albert and his council continue to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with thirty-five large carracks being finished, and by 1437 a trade route is put in place. Such important places in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany. The planned market center in Landshut is opened, with Austria, Venice, France, Castile, the Roman Empire, and Saxony being invited to do business in Landshut. Hamberg begins trading there. In religious news, the country begins converting to the Western Netherlander church. By the end of this year, around 45% of the country adheres to the Western church in Holland. Most adherents live around Munchen and Landshut. In other news, Princess Eleanor continues to be groomed for her likely future as Grand Duchess, seing how her father is ever aging, her uncle may be impotent, and her sister is a Venetian bride.
 * ​​Munchen: The main campus of Queen Isabell University is completed, and the beginning courses include French, Latin, English, and Greek as well as theology, clergy training and mathematics being taught. By 1437, the total class amounts to about 1300 people. Troops authorized by Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed in Munchen as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed in Straubing as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed in Ingolstadt as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders. Continuing in 1437, the chaotic government of Burgau is replaced by Bavarian military rule.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * The Mamluk Sultanate, continues to offer minor subsidies to Copts to relocate to Armenia or Georgia, a deal which about another 10,000 accept. In the Nubian Emirate, the guerrilla warfare continues. al-Mansur continues the growth of the navy's set of caravels and frigates, and the new trading corporations continue with the wave of discoveries. As the Mamluks grow less and less powerful, the pride in the region, called the Mashriq, develops. The Swahili Trade and Exploration Company (STEC) consolidates its trade grasp over regions it have discovered. Meanwhile, the Indian Association of Free Arab Traders and Merchants (IAFATM) continues to influence Aceh. Education at both universities (Alexandria and Damascus) continues strongly. Research into mills for the Nile continue. Cotton growing becomes an important industry. Greater interaction with the Venetians has resulted in an interest in learning Latin, which catches on in some regions. Mesopotamia begins to pay attention to the intellectual movement in the Mamluk state. As a result, construction on the University of Baghdad continues. In addition, the ideas of Saadiq Assaf begin to spread among the local clergy. All Burji states grow militarily as tensions appear to pick back up. All vassals (al-Sumal, al-Swahili, Ifat, and Socotra) expand by 10,000 sq km. Faced with the issue of the vassals of the Empire rebelling, the Mamelukes mobilize their military, but in order to strike at their maximum they will not strike back this turn, but do undergo small skirmishes with the traitorous vassals. Full out invasions of the rebellious vassals now occur, but the ones further south in Africa are let be for now in order to concentrate on Nubia and other such places. Rex asked me to post this, hate me not, please.
 * Roman Empire: The restoration work on the Mausoleum of Bodrum continues, and by now some of the structure has been redone. To further manage the Empire's funds, the Emperor creates the Imperial Bank and starts its first branch in Constantinople. Work on advanced ship designs begin in Patras, but it will be some time for such designs to come to fruitition.
 * Colorado Confederation:The civil war continues with the area inbetween Kim and the Edge with the Kimite objective of the pacification of the region being completed and Kimite bases are set up as a buffer between the Anti-Centralists and Kim. Meanwhile the Ani-Centralists blame the Kim for all this death and they form disorganized raiding bands, burning, sacking and pillaging and Pueblo towns wherever they go. The Kimites respond with a more organized army, however, and eventually are able to defend against the raiders. Anti-Centralization leaders, meanwhile, try to find a way to unite.
 * Kingdom of Italy: King Charles I continues the reforms of his father, and improves the economy and the military. Continues the construction and improvement of shipyards and production of new boats to combat in the Mediterranean. Territorial defense continues being built based on border forts. The relation with the Byzantine Empire continue strong. The Naval Academy in Taranto continues the technological research with Venice. The King continue to give new impetus to the culture within the kingdom and its vassal states, in art, science, etc. The policy of rapprochement toward Sicily continue, and also our influence on the island for future vassalization.
 * Grand Duchy of Tuscany: Improves the economy and the military. The economic prosperity of the previous years is accented with commercial junction providing by Italy and Genoa, and the city of Florence is the commercial nexus among all the Italian states. Frederick I helps promote economic prosperity, gives incentives to help manufacturing output grow, and improve access roads to make the trade more fluid and profitable. The army is formed to the image of the Italian army, with gradual use of new firearms that become quite popular. Frederick I became a great patron and the Tuscan nobles follow this particular policy. The artists, protected and maintained by the nobles and bourgeois rising, unleash their creativity
 * Duchy of Genoa: Improves the economy and the military. The Duchy of Genoa continues trading from the Black Sea to the Straits of Gibraltar, using new models of ships with cargo holds of more spacious and allow greater profit. With the help of Italian military fleet, try to force richest commercial rights in Tunisian ports. In Genoa the boom in production of luxury items continue. The pressure of the Genoese traders in Tunis is growing, and combined with the presence of Christian missionaries, who at the same time serve commercial spies; is accomplished the capture of a lot of exotic products that are not easy to get due to the conflicts and trade barriers in the Near East, and the axis between Tunis and Genoa is strengthened. The Genoese economy restarts its golden age.
 * Duchy of Ferrara: Improves the economy and the military. The paper industry is forging ahead, and also the making of looms, making this duchy in one of the most productive in northern Italy. Duke Niccolo I continue the loyal service to Italy.
 * Duchy of Corsica: Improves the economy and the military. The exploitation of salt mines and silver continues. In the same way, the vine crops increase in extension and quality, and the manufacture of wine each year improves in quality and quantity, and is recognized as the best European wine. On the island of Corsica a boom of mercenaries continues. The Italian army started recruiting many Corsicans, making them a legend in terms of ferocity and skill in the skirmishes and battles.
 * Marquisate of Modena: Improves the economy and the military. Niccolo is dedicated to art and culture, encouraging painters, sculptors and architects that embellish this little Marquisate, leading Italian opulence to a new level. Marquis Niccolo I continues the loyal service to Italy.
 * Principality of Zeta: Improves the economy and the military. Dairy cattle production increases, and in the same way the manufacture of better quality cheese, they continue to be exported to Italy, Hungary and Byzantium. The Prince Giovanni I continues the cultural boom. Vassalization of Berat will be complete next year.
 * Vatican City: The new Pope Celestine VI continue the campaign of evangelization in the lands of the Balkans. Missionaries continue to be sent to support the Order of St John, and a special group of these is working in North Africa, especially in Tunisia, where they try to recover the core of Christians. The Pope like his predecessor condemns all those who come to the false churches that are being created in Europe. The Pope Celestine VI in his speeches also continue condemning the current lack of security of pilgrims traveling to the Holy Land, which the Christian nations have a priority to recover these places and they are missing to the will of God.
 * County of Provence: The reform of the administration continues, adapting the Italian model which has had so much success. Improves economy through trade, and manufacturing cloth. The military camp is also improved, adding new equipment and Italian military ideas.
 * Duchy of Anjou: As in Provence, the Duchy transformation is performed. The economy and military improve.
 * Alencon: The economy and military improve.
 * Narbonne: The economy and military improve.
 * Vendome: The economy and military improve.
 * Milan: Work continues on the Certosa di Pavia, the Castle Visconteo, and on the extensive Milan Cathedral. We continue training a proper standing army, utilizing Swiss mercenaries and local recruits. With border disputes now settled between the nations of Austria and Switzerland, we continue opening friendly relations with both nations in hopes of repairing our diplomatic relations and protecting our northern border. We continue constructing cogs and galleys to strengthen our navy and protect our interests on the seas. We upgrade economy and military
 * Aragon expands the navy, economy and infrastructure. Cyrenaica is now majority Christian, with the exception of a few powerful families in the region. Trade and economic influence over the Mediterranean rim expands, with Aragon becoming one of the most powerful maritime trade powers in the Mediterranean region. King Charles II continues to be a patron of the arts and Aragon is at an all time economic high under his reign, mostly thanks to the work of his father. The Golden Age continues with art and culture flourishing everywhere.
 * UNC: Following the end of the Englebrekt Crisis, the UNC works on recovering from this rebellion. The economy improves as the nation works on picking up the pieces and moving on. The infrastructure expands as rebuilding begins.
 * UNC: Following the end of the Englebrekt Crisis, the UNC works on recovering from this rebellion. The economy improves as the nation works on picking up the pieces and moving on. The infrastructure expands as rebuilding begins.

1438
'''In Rome, Pope Celestine VI dies. In the subsequent conclave, the Venetian Gabriele Condulmer is elected Pope, taking the papal name of Felix V.'''

'''With the elite and merchant class of the Oyo Empire converting to Christianity through contact with Castile, its largely Muslim and Animist population becomes unhappy with the sudden changes that seem to erode their peoples’ culture. Sensing the chance to strike, tribesmen of the Igbo and the Madinka, among others, begin openly rebelling against the government of Oyo. The sudden decision to officially convert to Islam does satisfy the masses somewhat, although many still call for the outlaw of Christianity in Oyo all together. '''
 * I'm cool with this event. ~Viva

'''In Egypt’s African southern holdings (OTL somalia) and the easternmost part of Oman declare independence from Egypt (In Somalia those beyond Puntland). Oman and Yemen declare independence after their armies have been gathered, leaving the Egyptian fleet defeated and withdrawn to Socotra.'''

'''In OTL Eastern Cundinamarca and Boyaca a small tribal confederation forms out of the Zipa’s of the regions fearing Quimbayan interventions. The Motilon confederacy seeks for an alliance with the Quimbaya and ask for protection.'''

'''Rebels and personal soldiers of the General Estates push into Liege, forcing the local lord to mobilize an army of mostly German peasants to combat the invasion. Liege is initially successful, gathering support among the Prince-Bishopric from the near entirely Catholic population.'''
 * Kingdom of Italy: King Charles I continues the reforms of his father, and improves the economy and the military. Continues the construction and improvement of shipyards and production of new boats to combat in the Mediterranean. Territorial defense continues being built based on border forts. The relation with the Byzantine Empire continue strong. The Naval Academy in Taranto continues the technological research with Venice. The King continue to give new impetus to the culture within the kingdom and its vassal states, in art, science, etc. The policy of rapprochement toward Sicily continue, and also our influence on the island for future vassalization.
 * Grand Duchy of Tuscany: Improves the economy and the military. The economic prosperity of the previous years is accented with commercial junction providing by Italy and Genoa, and the city of Florence is the commercial nexus among all the Italian states. Frederick I helps promote economic prosperity, gives incentives to help manufacturing output grow, and improve access roads to make the trade more fluid and profitable. The army is formed to the image of the Italian army, with gradual use of new firearms that become quite popular. Frederick I became a great patron and the Tuscan nobles follow this particular policy. The artists, protected and maintained by the nobles and bourgeois rising, unleash their creativity
 * Duchy of Genoa: Improves the economy and the military. The Duchy of Genoa continues trading from the Black Sea to the Straits of Gibraltar, using new models of ships with cargo holds of more spacious and allow greater profit. With the help of Italian military fleet, try to force richest commercial rights in Tunisian ports. In Genoa the boom in production of luxury items continue. The pressure of the Genoese traders in Tunis is growing, and combined with the presence of Christian missionaries, who at the same time serve commercial spies; is accomplished the capture of a lot of exotic products that are not easy to get due to the conflicts and trade barriers in the Near East, and the axis between Tunis and Genoa is strengthened. The Genoese economy restarts its golden age.
 * Duchy of Ferrara: Improves the economy and the military. The paper industry is forging ahead, and also the making of looms, making this duchy in one of the most productive in northern Italy. Duke Niccolo I continue the loyal service to Italy.
 * Duchy of Corsica: Improves the economy and the military. The exploitation of salt mines and silver continues. In the same way, the vine crops increase in extension and quality, and the manufacture of wine each year improves in quality and quantity, and is recognized as the best European wine. On the island of Corsica a boom of mercenaries continues. The Italian army started recruiting many Corsicans, making them a legend in terms of ferocity and skill in the skirmishes and battles.
 * Marquisate of Modena: Improves the economy and the military. Niccolo is dedicated to art and culture, encouraging painters, sculptors and architects that embellish this little Marquisate, leading Italian opulence to a new level. Marquis Niccolo I continues the loyal service to Italy.
 * Principality of Zeta: Improves the economy and the military. Dairy cattle production increases, and in the same way the manufacture of better quality cheese, they continue to be exported to Italy, Hungary and Byzantium. The Prince Giovanni I continues the cultural boom. Vassalization of Berat will be complete next year.
 * Vatican City: The new Pope Felix V continue the campaign of evangelization in the lands of the Balkans. Missionaries continue to be sent to support the Order of St John, and a special group of these is working in North Africa, especially in Tunisia, where they try to recover the core of Christians. The Pope like his predecessor condemns all those who come to the false churches that are being created in Europe. The Pope in his speeches also continue condemning the current lack of security of pilgrims traveling to the Holy Land, which the Christian nations have a priority to recover these places and they are missing to the will of God.
 * County of Provence: The reform of the administration continues, adapting the Italian model which has had so much success. Improves economy through trade, and manufacturing cloth. The military camp is also improved, adding new equipment and Italian military ideas.
 * Duchy of Anjou: As in Provence, the Duchy transformation is performed. The economy and military improve.
 * Alencon: The economy and military improve.
 * Narbonne: The economy and military improve.
 * Vendome: The economy and military improve.
 * Prussia: The Prussians continue to convert to the Western Church. The Prussians begin to build their army.
 * Masovia: The Kingdom of Masovia also continues recovering their economy and continues building a new national army. The Masovians continue construction of their capital at Czersk. The Masovians also continue converting to the Western Church.
 * Pomerania: The Pomeranians continue building their economy and continue building a new national army. The Pomeranians also continue converting to the Western Church. A plan to return Pomerania to the HRE falls through due to the steadily increasing population of Western Church followers who are justifiably afraid of what the bigoted Catholics will do to them.
 * Courland: The Curonians also begin developing their economy and military. The Curonians also begin converting to the Western Church.
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Landshut expands its military. Albert II continues petitioning the bishops and clergy of Wurzburg (year 4 out of 6) for tribute and manpower. The population continues to rise. Albert and his council continue to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with thirty-five large carracks being finished, and by 1438 a trade route is put in place. Such important places in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany. The planned market center in Landshut is opened, with Austria, Venice, France, Castile, the Roman Empire, and Saxony being invited to do business in Landshut. In religious news, the country begins converting to the Western Netherlander church. By the end of this year, around 51% of the country adheres to the Western church in Holland. Most adherents live around Munchen and Landshut. In other news, Princess Eleanor is bumped down in the line of succession, upon the birth of Albert's daughter, whom he names Jacqueline. Charles is still the heir. However, in late June he is injured during a horseback ride and develops an infected wound in his knee. He is able to survive the year. In other news, Grand Duchess Dowager Isabell dies in Landshut. A funeral procession is held. A petition for royal marriage is requested with the Kingdom of Italy, offering Princess Eleanor's hand in marriage. Ideally, this marriage would allow Eleanor to stay in Bavaria, and if she becomes Grand Duchess, a matrilineal marriage.
 * ​​Munchen: The main campus of Queen Isabell University is completed, and the beginning courses include French, Latin, English, and Greek as well as theology, clergy training and mathematics being taught. By 1438, the total class amounts to about 1350 people. Troops authorized by Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed in Munchen as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed in Straubing as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed in Ingolstadt as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders. Continuing in 1438, the chaotic government of Burgau is replaced by Bavarian military rule.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Kingdom of Georgia: The newly-reinforced Jarishuri conducts a major test of its logistical capabilities, and large numbers of crossbow bolts, Russian halberds and imported horses are stockpiled, strengthening the Georgian army. Meanwhile in Ossetia, the tribal assembly becomes deadlocked over the rights of the proposed Prince of Ossetia, and fails to nominate a single candidate. Crown Prince Alexandre begins manipulating chieftains behind the scenes, employing bribery and blackmail to try and break the stalemate; three years remain until Ossetia is vassalized.
 * Georgian Diplomacy: As the Ottoman Padishah has agreed to cede a land corridor to Georgia, Georgian and Armenian settlers begin moving into the region east of Lake Van to pacify it for later settlement. The provisional Principality of Van will be subordinated to Armenia. Additionally, Georgia sends a messenger to the Jochid Ulus informing them that the Trans-Caucasian settlement agreement will be fulfilled next year if they are ready.
 * Kingdom of Armenia: King Smbat institutes a standardized curriculum for the officers of the Azbanak; consisting of several years of simulated battles during garrison duty in Gordyene and thorough reading of the few military classics available to the Armenian educational system. This program will increase the quality of Armenia's junior officers, improving the Armenian army.
 * Principality of Gordyene: With the Principality now deemed secure against internal unrest, Prince Levon takes the provincial guard force out on exercises that bring the inexperienced force nearly to par with regular Armenian levies, strengthening the Gordian military. With the addition of 3000 new Coptic citizens, and accounting for last year's conversions, Gordyene now has 64,000 Christians out of 96,000 total residents.
 * Principality of Adiabene: Prince Gabro Bagratuni exploits his newfound royal stature to pressure local Assyrian leaders to provide more volunteers for future campaigns, expanding the Adiabenite military. 2000 Copts immigrate this year; including last year's converts, Adiabene now has 72,000 Christians out of 132,000 total residents.
 * Principality of Ardalan: With the Principality's return to Mesopotamia just four years away, Prince Helo organizes the levies into formal brigades under the command of his best Kurdish officers. Unlike the Georgians, the Ardalani levies eschew the mesame formation in favor of skirmish tactics, with particular emphasis being placed on light cavalry formations. By the end of the year, the Kurdish formations are considered combat-ready; though the lack the discipline of their Georgian counterparts, their training and ferocity in combat makes up for the difference, and the Ardalani army expands as a result.
 * Duchy of Hamburg: the Hamburger army is reorganized to further reflect modern techniques. Duke Williams wife gives birth to a girl, who is named Sophia. Trade revenue from the Bavarian Market increases profits for Hamburgs trading companies. Johann Von Lutz sails south, past the Strait of Gibraltar. Stopping in the Canary Islands to re-supply. He doesn't make it to the equator, reaching only around the halfway point between it and the Tropic of Cancer before turning back. The failure puts him in a bad light with his superiors at the HTSC. He is then assigned to sail the Baltic trade routes. Heinrich Volkard paints Past the Pillars of Hercules, depicting a Hamburger trading ship sailing westward past the Rock of Gibraltar, one of the two Pillars of Hercules from mythology.
 * Lippe: Military and economy are expanded.
 * Bruchhausen: Military and economy are expanded.
 * France: The military and navy are built up, the vassalage of Limoges and Armagnac begins, Continues establishing its own entity to deal with the religious crisis left by the schism. While this, Prince Louis turns ten and continues attending a renowned school in Paris learning about politics and theology, navy experience a huge boost due to trade with North Africa through St Marie d'Africa. The alliance with Austria is reviewed, but for now France states neutrality is their best policy.
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up. The same choice made by the French is taken by the Burgundians as they feel the same way to France. Burgundy is reluctant to do as Brabant-Hainaut-Holland desires and says it will consider it.
 * Flanders: Military and navy are built up, economy expands.
 * Blois: Military, economy expand.
 * Dunois: Military and economy expand.
 * Angouleme: Military and economy expand.
 * Parthenay: Military and economy expand.
 * Perigord: Military and economy expand.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy expand.
 * Orleans: Military and economy expand.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up.
 * Berry: Military and economy are built up.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Auvergne: Military and economy are built up.
 * Forez: Military and economy are built up.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up
 * UNC: Rebuilding after the Englebrekt Crisis continues as the military and infrastructure improve, the latter improving due to the reconstruction efforts. The UNC discovers the Oldenburg outpost on Greenland and is outraged. They request that the colony be taken down. The UNC firmly but apologetically states, "Perhaps we would have allowed it had you asked."
 * Oldenburger Diplomacy: The Count kindly but firmly tells the UNC that he did ask in both 1433 and 1434, and that he received no answer. If the UNC is to be insulted by the actions of a small-fry nation like Oldenburg, perhaps they should be bothered to actually respond to messages directed at them (in bold, might I say). The count reiterates what he said in 1433, saying that the outpost is completely non-colonial in nature (it's merely a trading post, like we have in Venice) and that the OHG would be willing to pay a reasonable annual rent if needs be. His Grace concludes stating that he hopes the clerical error of some low-level UNC diplomats/mailmen won't have negative ramifictions for relations between the two countries.
 * Castile: The Castilian economy continues a larger process of pulling in more money through trade. The Castilians begin to send missionaries into Morocco in hopes to convert populations. The infrastructure of Castile is also expanded more. Castile, in order to facilitate more conversions to Christianity, imposes higher taxes on non-Christians in the areas it controls personally or by proxy through its vassals. Castile has successfully mapped large parts of the African coast south of Morocco and down as far as their settlements in Capo Verde. The developing class in Castile of skilled artisans, merchants, blacksmiths and the like has led to a large increase in productivity of the country with even a few researchers managing to work on new designs - including a more efficient hand cannon which gets its own dedicated corps in the developing Royal army of Castile. The Castilian noblity begins to adapt toward a newer system to revamp or work on their power as they move toward becoming advisors to the king and less involved in their feudal estates which while growing have developed Guilds to facilitate payments for the efforts of the men working, The expert worksmanship of many of these men has seen notable increase in productivity for each feudal state with most lords not complaining. The Kingdom's cities begin to be improved with somewhat better sanitation and the King hires architects to plan out a sewer system, as well as a true plan for multiple major cities. Castile begins a major process of researching the arquebus acquired and develops its own version which is used to replace the hand cannons which is finally finished. The Castilian navy, using the Canaries as a base, continually explore the area and discover a new island chain, the closest island is able to be settled and a small settlement springs up on the islands and is built up and styled as a resupply base. (1000 sq km). The population of Castile officially reaches about 4.3 million and continuing to grow rapidly thanks to a sharp increase in agricultural production. The construction of a new kind of warship with cannons is completed. A heavy warship much more powerful than most other ships of the time. The King notices the heavily increased productivity and income flow due to his hands off policy and non interference and begins to allow artists, minstrels and other artistic and scientific minds become more prevalent in Castile, many believe the Castilian Renaissance is imminent. Castile, due to its naval range, high income, extensive and dominant trade network, becomes one of the largest and most dynamic trade empires of the Atlantic and Western Mediterranean. The Castilian navy with its new heavy warships and some new updated designs for older ships organizes a heavy royal fleet phasing out past organizations. The Royal army of Castile has now almost wholly replaces the previous feudalistic military forces and has a size of nearly 50,000 and growing thanks in part to the good funding being provided by the king. In order to make up for lost power the King as behest of his new wife, and several of his friends who are nobles creates a kings advisory council which officially has the power of the king in many matters if authorized. The men are also given station to critisize the kings actions to keep him from going crazy with power. The Knights Hospitaller are moved more into Castile with their professional fighting strength and religious zeal used to patrol the borders of Castile's Gibraltar province. The Knights are also given the authority to police the majority Christian Tangiers now, and effectively prevent many Muslims from coming over the border to wreak havoc. Castile begins considering opening up talks to relieve Granada of a primarily Christian province and a possible problem in the future for the country and giving it to the Knights Hospitaller to set up a kingdom or set up their organization in the area. King John secretly does this with the willing knights who have left Cyprus to prevent channelling their religious zeal into border patrolling.
 * Granada: The Christianization of Granada continues in earnest with a more sizeable converted population working its way through the country. The Emir, however, remains secretly Christian and begins hiring a few Castilian advisors who are wholly more competent than many of the Granadan advisors. The country also begins to see some issues with its settlement in Morocco with many of them being Christian Castilians or converts. The Granadans continue to show more Christianization processes occurring with a viable expanding population of Christians living in the core towns Cities. The country begins to show promising signs of real economic advancement. The population of true Castilians in the country begins to increase to rival the native Granadans as many of the Muslims have left the area due to the unfavorable atmosphere of the country. The Nation of Granada has now Christianized somewhat considerably with a real large minority of Christians existing within the country's borders. The Emir, however, managed to maintain a favorable position with both denominations and hold the country together effectively through careful management. The Emir Ahmed now with multiple children from Castilian noble who offered his daughter knowing that the Emir is secretly Christian begins a process of converting Granada into a Principality rather than an Emirate showing its closer connection to Europe as well as Castile in general. While there is an uproar over the beginning of a conversion to a Principality, the amount of highly powerful Christian settlers or knights and the vast loyalty many of the Emir's men have to their leader prevent anything from breaking out. Some issues break out more toward the coast but they are quelled quickly as the Emir begins his long road to conversion from Emirate to principality (the more European term). The long term situation of this plan had led to the beginning of it moving much more smoothly than intended.
 * Kingdom of the Canaries: Now granted a semi-autonomous status from Castile the Canaries begin to work up their economy to a certain degree greatly utilizing the traders from Portugal as well as the new route to Oyo, and the trade from the Mediterranean. The Canaries are able to build upon the multiple viable settlements and a moderately sized and growing population. The Canaries, finally completely covering the islands, begins to send moderately sized fleets that are resupplied from the islands and from Castile to continually explore the area. The Canaries help supply settlers and fleets moving to Capo Verde.
 * Kingdom of Cyprus: Policing is left up to local organization sanctioned by King Matthias of Cyprus. The King of Cyprus begins to see Castilian culture not as a dominant force but a possible blendable culture that can fit well within Cypriot society. The Economy and military of the country is built up as is the infrastructure with a nice road system being built throughout the country. Cyprus gaining large funds from being a Castilian trade hub, begins building a few ships domestically, and purchases ships from Castile's, or her allies shipwrights forming a respectable Cypriot navy of almost 90 ships with expected expansion to come. This expansion has been achieved specifically thanks to huge amounts of outsourcing to private shipwrights. Cyprus begins to see an exodus of the Knights Hospitaller West to Castile and her territories and King Matthias begins a larger recruitment for the military managing to raise a force of nearly 10,000. This force is largely funded through the large trade Cyprus has gathered. The troops are styled after Castile's royal army and Cyprus embarks on an intense training program in order to bring them up to standards. The Knights, with many departing also have many older and other knights stay due to their close ties with Cyprus. They remain to run the Knights Hospitaller in Cyprus for the forseeable future while a large number have migrated across the sea.
 * Just to let you know that the proper demonym for Cyprus is Cypriot.
 * Portugal continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Leiname. Meanwhile, some Portuguse explorers start to follow the Castilian example and start to explore the African coast.
 * County of Oldenburg: The military re-organisation of last year has yielded quite good results, and now work begins on clothing this army. Each infantryman is given one shirt of chainmail, one helmet, and a yellow over-tunic with two horizontal red stripes (from the arms of Oldenburg). They can supplement this with armour which they purchase themselves. Knights are not required to wear the Oldenburger tunic, but must sport a small Oldenburger shield on their helmet in times of war. Prince Frederick, dismayed that no foreign brides have decided to marry him, decides to marry his childhood sweetheart; daughter of one of the Frisian Lords.
 * Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: The economy is expanded due to trade with Oldenburg.
 * Just letting everyone know, I won't be able to post for two days. I'm attending an important convention in the capital. Callumthered (talk) 08:59, March 11, 2014 (UTC)
 * Venetian Republic:
 * In Veneto: The Venetian Revival Continues 300 more cogs are manufactured in Coixa for the Venetian fleet, next year they will only produce 100 more, finishing the new Venetian Fleet. The new Venetian Fleet asserts its dominance over trade in the Mediterranean once more and now with the new cogs expands its trade influence. With the establishment of the Mediterranean Trade League, the Venetian and Roman trade booms, the trade share of Venice and the Byzantines in the Mediterranean grows and leaves them in control of close to 40% of trade in the Mediterranean (this is due to sheer trade capacity as well as controlling key points). The trade control increases use of the Venetian Ducat and Roman Stavraton as a currency for trade, the former now being used from the Black Sea ports all around the coast of Europe to Novgorod and Moscow in the north and the latter all across the Mediterranean. Giovanni Bonmont (OTL Johannes Gutenberg) shows the investors his printer with movable type, at first they don't see the benefits but once Giovanni explains the array of uses he had planned, they decide to free him on the terms that he manufacture a set of bibles for them. They are suspicious and convinced it's yet another bad investment ploy but nevertheless hear him out. Honouring the agreement with Moscow, Venice instructs a group of traders to send salt and other goods up into Muscovite lands at favourable rates. Many Moroccans are enslaved and sold across Europe, and any troublesome Moroccans in the occupied territories face the same issue. To better deal with the issue, Moroccans are offered safety from slavery as well as a basic set of rights if they convert to christianity. The Venetians begin trading along the african coast, and displace several native fleets, unco-operative communities are killed and have their goods stolen or are enslaved. Many native coastal vessels are also attacked and have their goods stolen. The actions make trade along the western coast of africa perilous for african traders and some decide to resort back to inland trading completely. Meanwhile, Republican reforms are being enforced, as all across the Empire various new laws come into place that spread Venetian Democracy across the lands. Venice accepts the trade deals from Austria and Gorizia, ending the trade blockade between the Austrian influenced Germans and Venice, with the blockade ending, Venetian and Austrian markets boom with wealth. Venetian merchants flood also to Bavaria to the market in Landshut. The german states has become the second wealthiest region of trade for Venice. The Doge welcomes The new pope, stating that a Venetian mind should hopefully manage the church better. Eco-turn
 * In Porto Tolle: Trade continues to flow to Italy, Milan and Austria. Porto Tolle becomes a key point via which those opposed to the new Kingdom of Italy leave the Kingdom for brighter prospects across the Mediterranean.
 * In Istra: Terrano wine increases in price due to the demand with grape growers and wine merchants finding it difficult to quench the thirst of Hungary. Various goods leave the nation for Hungary and Venice, such as lime, cement, bricks and stone as well as these wine unique to the region known as Terrano wine is sold almost exclusively in Hungary and Venice.
 * In the Epirote Free Ports: The school in Saranda now has a developed society of apprentices and masters in various crafts, soon enough there will be journeymen too to fill the gap between the two. However, a small group of artisans start up a guild and begin taking more profits for themselves. The newly elected Potensa of Saranda is displeased (sad face) and decides to clamp down on the guild, the city guard breaks in the guild house door and attacks the guild members, the guild master is arrested and imprisoned. This is met positively by merchants. However, many artisans are outraged that this was possible and many scheme together. Titani exports fine clothes and furniture across the Mediterranean. Preveza has finished the school and begins recruiting masters. Salted fish, feta cheese, furniture and fine clothes are traded particularly this year with the Romans, Mamluks and Italy, the new trade league carries goods far though bringing them to Castile as well.
 * In the Peloponnese: Argos continues renovations and the Peloponnese trade fleet takes products from the local area to the Hungarians and Austrians in the west. Olive oil and wine are exported this year, mainly along land routes to Byzantine Greece.
 * In Attica: Marathon's port acts as a reasonable port, mostly gaining wealth from traders and warships that stay in the harbour and spend money in the local market. Trade, however, generates a lot of wealth with the Attican fleet, now three ships strong taking wool and grain to the Roman Empire and Black Sea ports.
 * In Morocco: The Venetians begin to impose their rule, the Moroccans are discontented. However, some favour the rule of Venice due to the turmoil that Morocco is declining into. The slave trade booms in Morocco after the first flux of slaves from the initial conquest but now turn to the west African coast for slaves, they attack African vessals (not north african) that they come across and seize their goods and enslave the young while killing the old and frajile. They also raid the west African coast for slaves and burn many coastal settlements. This ruthless exploitation is sanctioned by the Doge in order to secure the western coast for future expansion and trade domination, having heard of rich gold deposites in Africa. Slaves are traded far and wide, but mainly to Portugal, Spain, Byzantium and Aragon.
 * Epirote Republic: The subsidy for goods and the road have worked in the favour of Epirus, allowing them to take over the Epirote trade in goat meat and wool, these goods are exported to Italy, the Romans, Hungary and Austria. Eco-turn
 * Venetian Empire:
 * Province of Candia: Candia is running out of spare land for immigrants, and should run out in a few years time. Seeing Cyprus as a naval rival, Candia decides to convert its military fleet into a combined fleet like Venice and most of its fellow vassals. Ten more ships are brought bringing the number to 50 ships, and now with them being used for trading, the trade power of Candia increases. Trade through Candia grows and Candian wines, olives and oil, pungent cheeses and candied citron peels are traded primarily this year with the Romans, Mamluks and Wallachia. Candian trade now also favours stopping in the Crimea and Georgia and in the west they stop in Castile. Mil-turn
 * Corfiot Protectorate: With the finishing line for the forts in five years, the construction drags on but many passers-by and travellers are awed by the fortified isle and the line of forts and many share tales of the island of turrets and towers far and wide. Corfiot wine and olive oil is traded through the Epirote Free Ports and finds profit in Castile, Austria and Italy. Mil-turn
 * Province of Kaffa: Kaffa the city is now a pivotal point in Black Sea trade and is known as the Venice of the Black Sea, especially since Venetian architecture is becoming more prominent as the newer buildings of the city are constructed under instruction from Venetian masters. The Kaffan navy acts as the crux of the salt trade in the Black Sea. Wines, crops and iron from Kaffa are traded to the Byzantines (specifically the Byzantines in Crimea but the rest as well), Jochid Ulus, Wallachians, Georgians, Ottomans and Muscovy, in order of trade volume. Trade also reaches the Mamluks. The Kaffa salt trade continues to make the region prosper and most of the salt trade ends up in Venice but also Constantinople although some is diverted to Moscow. Eco-turn
 * Province of Naxos: Immigration is no longer a major factor in Naxian growth. The Hospitalar council refuses to recognise the republican reforms, and considers itself the primary government in Naxos. The Gastaldo of Negroponte leaves, fearing Venice's retribution for being in league with a defiant vassal. Trade on the island is interrupted as the instability causes issues with nobles vying for control over official offices. Naxos is rebuilding its forces and raising levies, planning a full invasion of Athens. The Doge, fed up with the actions of Naxos, orders a fleet and army to set sail to the vassal to secure it, he also sends letters to the loyalist Hopsitalar on the isle. Mil-turn
 * Province of Aegina: Aegina remains occupied, republican reforms are halted but the Naxians there are uncomfortable with the conflict and how long they've been from home, they turn over to Aegina and ask for forgiveness which is granted by Geragio. Trade resumes with grains and figs heading to the Romans, Italy and Mamluks. Eco-turn
 * Free Port of Athens: The reforms are partially instituted, with the city now coming under a Venetian style government that allows both Romans and Venetians to praticipate. However, Frederico refuses to give up his position as Potensa until the Naxian crisis is solved. Trade with Portugal and Castile continues and with the Mediterranean Trade League lessening competition, Athens looks into Black Sea trade which is now being called the "Golden Sea" in Athens for its wealth in trade. Athens trades with Wallachia and Georgia, keeping its investments on the safe side. Mil-turn
 * Province of Negroponte: Mining continues at good levels supporting spending in the city. The interest on the state debt is paid. Negropontean lignite, iron, nickel and marble are traded with Venice and Rome almost exclusively. With the dawn of the Mediterranean Trade League, profits rise as Constantinople becomes completely open for the various metal and mineral trades. The Gastaldo returns and announces that they will remain neutral from now on in the Naxian crisis, this calms many people's concerns but they still worry about retribution. Eco-turn
 * Free Port of Ragusa: The Mediterranean Trade League causes a boom in Ragusa, helping to ease the transition into vassalage for many Ragusans. The Ragusan fleet heads east and decides to try to maximise trade with the east, they begin to gather spices and silks from across the Mamluk ports and bring them to Venice for trade across Europe. Eco-turn
 * Bengal Sultanate: The decrease in taxes on the landed elite do their job in most areas of the Sultanate, decreasing the tax load on the peasantry and earning him their support. The tax cuts on the merchant class allow for more trade to be conducted, and a recent lax on some of the quota laws allows for more goods to be shipped from Bengal, greatly increasing trade income. Influence grows on Ahom and Koch, as we provide much of their food, and many of their other goods since they trade exclusively with us. The money gained from the trade continues to arm the various levies of the Sultanate, the landed elite, Orissa, and Arakan. Trade with the states of Ava, Koch, Garjat, and Ahom continues, with influence being placed through trade on Ava and Garjat. Cash crops continue to be grown in large amounts. With our merchants traveling to Ava, Koch, Ahom and Arakan regularly, Islam continues to grow in their nations. Most all trade roads begin to see much-needed maintenance. The merchants that continually travel between Kohm, Aoch and Ava continue to allow for some of the populations of those nations to continue to convert to Islam. Due to trade with China and other Middle Eastern nations, cannon and hand cannon designs become more common, leading most of the landed elite to continue to outfit their levies with cannons and hand cannons. Due to Bengal having control over lands of multiple ethnicities and religions, literary works in the form of poems and epics begin to take influence from all three religions of the Sultanate. We continue work on a central trade road that connects the capital cities of Bengal, Arakan, Koch, Aohm, and Orissa together in order to better movement of goods and missionaries. Urdu, also called Hindi by some, becomes more common in the Sultanate due to the mixing of Hindu and Islamic ideals.
 * Kingdom of Arakan: Due to their trade being controlled mainly by Bengal for many years, their vassalization by Bengal has allowed them to open up their ports to other nations, and serve as resting point for many Bengali traders. Due to the influx of Islamic merchants into Arakan, the entire population in Arakan begin to see many more conversions of their residents to Islam. The son of the Bengali Sultan, Zulfiqar Padma Shah continues to control of the Kingdom. Continues working on military and infrastructure.
 * Emirate of Andamana: Mansoor Basil Amirmoez continues to reclaim land on the island to make room for farms, and to have timber for building both boats and houses. The Emirate expands another 500 km into the island. The ships built by the timber from the island help contribute to Bengali trade. Continues working on economy and infrastructure.
 * Rajya of Orissa: Unlike the other vassals of the Bengali Sultanate, Bhandudeva IV is kept farther away from the daily politics of controlling Orissa, relying mainly on Islamic advisors sent directly by the Bengal Sultan. The advisors quickly persuade Bhandudeva IV to allow the Muslims settlers in the northern part of the Rajya to hold land south of the previously agreed living space. Continues working on military and infrastructure.
 * Maharaja of Koch: Now vassalized by Bengal, the Mahraja of Koch begins to receive extensive help in creating viable farmland. They do this by continuing a process of land reclamation in the northern part of the state, which is largely marshy and thinly populated. This process of reclamation begins by using dykes, embankments and irrigation systems.
 * Swargadeo of Ahom: Now vassalized by Bengal, the Swargadeo of Ahom begins to recieve extensive help in creating viable farmland. They do this by continuing a process of land reclamation in the northern part of the state, which is largely marshy and thinly populated. This process of reclamation begins by using dykes, embankments and irrigation systems.
 * The Nation of the Oirats: Cement and iron increases in production. Iron weapons is now majorly used. More firearm smiths are built in Oskemen. More beer is fermented and it becomes a popular drink for the nomads. As we increase in population, we slowly target our expansion northward. We expand 200 px to the North after realizing that our newly expanded territories is too congested compared to our other territories. We speed up our expansion North and East towards Lake Baikal. We continue to develop our firearms. We continue to built cities and centralize. We now become a nation of 6 religions, which coexist in peace due to our Khan not really caring about religions. (Christians came with the poles, muslims from timurid empire, buddhists, daoists and confucianists from China and Mongolian folk religion)
 * I will just say that I've looked at a few previous turns by the nation of the Oirats and I'd just like to point out that they claim to have invested three-rank firing with firearms (basically organised volley fire, completely ASB) and seem to be claiming a lot about urbanisation (which while it did happen in this period only to the point of there being lots of towns, not cities).
 * Mayan empire Reading and writing begin to become common for the upper class, and we expand 100 pixels south. Naval deveopment begins.
 * Oyo Empire: Upon Alaafin Akitunde's return, he immediately jumps into action to deal with the issue at hand. His son, a Muslim, is instructed to wipe out the Mandinka minorities in the northwest, while he himself conducts a cleansing of the Igbo minorities in the southeast for their insolence. The Yoruba remain loyal to the government, thankfully, though the animist population, itself a minority after the mass conversations to Islam, continues to serve as a problem, though once the burning bodies of rebels begin to line the streets of their cities and the roads between them, the animists soon realize that open rebellion of any kind isn't worth the risk of be captured, tortured and killed by the loyalist forces of Oyo. The Igbo are easily dealt with, with the few thousand of their number in Oyo either murdered outright, or pushed back into Benin, where Benin is invaded by the Oyo after refusing to abide by Oyo warnigns not to equip the rebel forces, seeking to detrone Oyo as the dominant power in the region. With a strong, loyal army equipped with steel weapons, as well as new gunpowder weapons brought to Oyo from India (gunpowdder warfare was prevalent in India from 1378 onward), the Oyo push ahead to deal with the Mandinka, who fight with antiquated weapons and tactics. Being the only nation in the region equipped with horses (OTL fact) the Ikarira move quickly to surround and destroy the villages of the Mandinka rebels, and massacre the rebels and their families. The survivors who flee into the jungles are not heard from again, many assuming they were dispatched by manhunters sent out by Oyo's government to punish the rebels for treason. With the rebels mostly dealt with, the Alaafin delievers a speech which clarifies to the people the status of religion in the empire. He establishes a charter which is to serve as the constitution of the nation, guaranteeing the equality of all religions and ethnic groups in his empire, and put to bed any future issues of racism and phobias of other beliefs. Under the Lati Rii Daju (or "to ensure"), Articles 6 and 17 ensure that all men of Oyo are of equal worth and respect in the empire and the latter that all women are treated with respect as due their status, though they are still placed below the man. Effectively, the Lati Rii Daju puts into word all of the once unwritten laws of the Oyo Empire, and protects its many people and religions. The charter is greatly celebrated by the people of Oyo, who are satisfied with the fact that their rights under Oyo are now protected in writting. In the aftermath of the rebellions, the victories see the Yoruba move into the lands once settled by the minorities, allowing the Yoruba to expand their population into the regions and extend their ethnic sphere of influence. Even during the rebellions, this has not stopped the shipwrights of Oyo, who are quick to incorporate the Indian ship designs into their own, producing faster and stronger ships. Also, with the information of the cannon brought to Oyo, though the sight of it from Castillian ship commonplace, the Oyo are confident enough to build the weapons themselves. Using already established foundries in the empire, the Oyo begin producing cannons for their ships, removing the danger of having to close with the enemy during naval combat. The new ship designs will allow the Oyo vessels to equip the weapons without the threat of capsizing from the force generated by a broadside. With the increased productivity following the festivals of victory, the economy, military and infrastructure of Oyo are improved.
 * How the hell are you reaching India? You need to be able to resupply. No ship in this time could do that.  If Europe, which is definitively more advanced than you can barely reach Kongo (and then thats only Castile), I don't see how in the hell you can reach India. Even Coast hugging is implausible for it. 
 * Crossed out.
 * This is what I meant. Sailing from China to Iraq was common in the 13th century (Marco Polo), so doubling the trip with a stop-over in Yemen is plausible. And you continue to ignore my advancements and the ships I've built. If in the last thirty years I've been sending men to learn in Castile and return with that knowledge (like OTL Japan), how is Oyo not capable of reaching India? And remember, if the Carthaginians could reach Senegal in low-draft triremes, I'm sure Oyo can reach India in deep-draft ships. And I don't see why I can't have gunpowder. I have the resources, and it doesn't take a genius to know how to mix the compounds into an explosive substance. But, I'm not gonna push it. ~Viva
 * In the Republic of Pskov, Leonid Evgenievich Bordukov, with the loan from the treasury bank, finally manages to complete his machine with movable printed type, with a special ink formulated by him allowing printing on both sides of both parchment and paper. The Pskovian Treasury bank's investments in his product were well-placed, as when he completes his machine, moulding metal letters backwards so that they can be applied to ink pads then printed. He sets up shop on a street in Pskov, and with the help of the extra few zolotniks he had left, manages to hire a few porters to bring it to the next Veche meeting, where he is allowed time to speak by the posadnik, and after a demonstration of his machine, manages to woo the crowd that laughed him off just a few years ago. this now-40 year old merchant, is now happy that he did this in time, for he feels death could be around the corner for him, and his ten-year old dream of creating a Russian printing press like the ones(he dreamed of many years ago while wanting to improve woodcuts to spread Arabian Philosophy and science) in the Dragon Kingdom are now finally complete, and it has been ten years for him to collect the money required. His printing shop quickly gets contracts to publish the legal code of Pskov (as a test), and if successful, updated annually and any new laws to be presented to the prince and posadnik for signing. However, as Bordukov loves Arabic philosophy, the first book ever printed is debated fiercely to this day, but the most likely candidates are either the 1438 Pskov Legal code,  or the ibhaldunovskiy Prolegomenon (Bordukov's personal favorite Arab philosophical-scientific text by Ibn Khaldun). This year the expedition to Arabia brings back the works of Abū ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī (pronounced Muhamed Al'kvarizmi after translation) and they begin to have effects on mathematics.
 * I already explained to you that you never sailed to, or were contacted by China. As I said this is retconned, so please stop writing turns about this. I will cross out all of them if I have to, but I thought it would be easier to just tell you. 
 * 1. I never sailed to China, I dispatched a trade caravan to go "find the Dragon Kingdom" with a few resources so they can book passage on ships/get interpreters etc ... and they went to Arabia, then to India, then to China via the Indian Ocean trade network, which, at the time included China. This voyage took many years and they found it merely by chance because there were Indian traders talking about "Dragon Emperors" in Arabian ports. 2. Even if it is incorrect, some traders going to Arabia and bringing back philosophical literature and then having that spread is not implausible. 3. I made posts about the press several years ago, and even if the machines seen in the Dragon Kingdoms were not the inspiration, all I need to change is "Dragon Kingdoms" to "Dreams" or "dream of metalic efficient woodcuts" and the entire thing about the press just got rid of any mention of China.
 * Zapotec: Emperor Tlaco expands Danibaan's influence in the surrounding city-states by way of the Zapotec Alliance. Roadways connecting cities in the alliance help merchants and soldiers move more freely between them. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. In the coastal regions under Danibaan's influence, more boats are created. Tlaco orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Daibaan continues expanding into the surrounding city-states north along the gulf coast.
 * Timurid Empire: We continue the Islamization of our vassals. We continue influencing the Chagatai Khanate (Year Ten out of 17). We continue working on the development of roads from Kandahar toward India. Gunpowder research continues, although the military generals still prefer non-firearms. IOUs become more popular among traders as time progresses due to the safety it ensures to them. People with other jobs including travelling also begin using IOUs. The integration of gunpowder into the navy begins as ships are being built. We expand into Marwar (according to nation's list disorganized) by 200 px. We also begin influencing Guajarat due to trade increasing with that region (Year One out of Three).
 * Jaunpur Sultanate: We work on our trade relations with neighbouring Indian nations and Islamization starts in our nation.
 * Marwar is not disorganized. The list requires updating.
 * Japan (Ashikaga Clan): We fix up our roads and add outposts in different areas just to watch out for more enemies trying to attack us. We build up our economy by fixing trade routes to the Usegi state. Around our capital city we continue to build a giant fort - walls and towers that go around the whole city. Since war is over for now, we go back to rebuilding our first college of Japan. We increase our military by adding more troops to our borders. Feeling safe we send our traders back on the roads to trade with the other states. We increase our port cities to increse trade.
 * Munster: King Eamon continues to build up respect as a good ruler amongst his vassals and other Irish lords. Some vessels begin going farther south, into areas in Africa, mostly Castilian Gibraltar, but some people wonder what lies in the interior of the continent, as we have travelled to West Africa. Some ships make it to Oyo, and as trade relations have been established, we begin trading with them, although the amount of trade is small, due to the location of Oyo. Many reactionary Normans see the current situation as the end of a Roman Catholic and Norman-ruled Ireland. As such, sentiments arise amongst the nobility against the King, and revolts occur in Cork, which are put down by the government forces. The situation, however, is less dire than in England, due to Normans making up a very small proportion of the populace, but some staunch Roman-Catholic Irishmen, mostly living in coastal cites support their cause. We raise our levies and march them to hotspots of trouble. After meeting with the English, we pledge to send aid to England if they have troubles with revolts and rebellions. The road in Mayo continues to spread north, with clans settling along it. Our influence continues to spread, and many clans convert to Western Catholicism. The Garda Slavacha grows, with many Slavs from all over Eastern Europe signing up. They are equipped with the most modern and nasty weapons and trained to the fullest by some of the best warriors in Albion, and are used as the King's bodyguard, due to the conflicts in Ireland. A monk known as Fionn continues begins to travel across the Isle picking up tales and myths of various tribes before they die out, and begins to put together a journal of what he sees. He passes into the north, realm of isolated clans between the Anglo-Irish realms of Ulster and Munster, and few know his location. The settlement in Northern England continues to grow, and despite troubles with the local English, the King of England has supported it, and we send troops over to protect Irish people from reactionary Normans. Some move into Scotland, a fellow-Celtic realm after being fed up with local Normans. At the moment, two factions are emerging: The Kings-Men, who support the King and the Western Catholic Church. The Kingsmen mostly consist of lower-class rural workers and native Irishmen, and the Old-Liners, who mostly consist of merchants and Norman nobility. The southeastern coast becomes increasingly violent and controlled by Old-Liners, prompting us to send men to hold Kings-Men strongholds such as Ballydrogheda and Waterford. Tales of the western isle of Hy-Brasil become popular amongst the merchants and nobility, and some wonder if a voyage to that realm can be done, citing the possible presence of brazilwood.
 * Aztec Empire: We expand 25 pixels northwest now bordering the Pacific coast on Mexico. We expand our military and economy. The canals in Tenochtitlan are soon to be finished, and the wonder blueprints were thrown away after a handful of architectural mathematic mistakes were found. Emperor Itzual's condition worsens, and his time is predicted short. Montezuma II has been acting as emperor in the time being, although only being 19 has many religious leaders questioning if he is ready. His nephew Cuachtemoc, 17, has well readied the military and imperial guard.
 * Grand Duchy of Moscow (And the Rest of the Realm): Grand Duke Dimitri I of Moscow gets married to the sister of Albert II, Margarete in Vienna. As well as this, Dmitri’s brother, Daniel, gets married to the sister of the Venetian Doge. Military development continues. Expansion of Moscow continues as new buildings continue to be erected as a large work force continues to construct new structures.
 * Ming China: Continues to reform. The Zhengtong Emperor continues the policy of seeking "wen" (knowledge) over "wu" (violence). However, that does not mean that the military is neglected. However, he continues to replace many powerful figures with others of lesser birthright but great capabilities. Minor revolts spring up due to this policy but the majority of the population is happy with the change. It also lessens corruption greatly. The naval facilities in the ChangJiang are expanded. Korea, Qara Del, Haixi and Tainan expand their economies. Lao Xing is influenced further and relations with the Emperor, Kyushu and Vietnam grow warmer and warmer.
 * Sicily improves its infrastructure.
 * The Mamluk Sultanate, continues to offer minor subsidies to Copts to relocate to Armenia or Georgia, a deal which about another 10,000 accept. In the Nubian Emirate, the guerrilla warfare continues. al-Mansur continues the growth of the navy's set of caravels and frigates, and the new trading corporations continue with the wave of discoveries. As the Mamluks grow less and less powerful, the pride in the region, called the Mashriq, develops. The Swahili Trade and Exploration Company (STEC) consolidates its trade grasp over regions it have discovered. Meanwhile, the Indian Association of Free Arab Traders and Merchants (IAFATM) continues to influence Aceh. Education at both universities (Alexandria and Damascus) continues strongly. Research into mills for the Nile continue. Cotton growing becomes an important industry. Greater interaction with the Venetians has resulted in an interest in learning Latin, which catches on in some regions. Mesopotamia begins to pay attention to the intellectual movement in the Mamluk state. As a result, construction on the University of Baghdad continues. In addition, the ideas of Saadiq Assaf begin to spread among the local clergy. All Burji states grow militarily as tensions appear to pick back up. All vassals (al-Sumal, al-Swahili, Ifat, and Socotra) expand by 10,000 sq km. Faced with the issue of the vassals of the Empire rebelling, the Mamelukes mobilize their military, but in order to strike at their maximum they will not strike back this turn, but do undergo small skirmishes with the traitorous vassals. Full out invasions of the rebellious vassals now occur, but the ones further south in Africa are let be for now in order to concentrate on Nubia and other such places. With the navy in the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean largely out of commission, the Sultan begins to focus more and more on his land forces in order to take the fight against the rebellious Arabs. Troops march against Oman as well as the remaning Nubian rebel bases. Rex asked me to post this, hate me not, please.
 * Those vassals are rebelling or already independent, so they wouldn't be expanding. As for Socotra, that vassal is an island.
 * Stop hating on me for copy-pasting what Rex wanted me to. 
 * Roman Empire: The Empire continues to profit from the enhanced trade taking place in the Empire between western Europe and Taurica. Education continues at the prestigious University of Constantinople, and the city's culture blossoms as a result of the increasing multiculturalism and education. The Imperial Bank continues to be consolidated to manage the Empire's funds. The restoration work on the Mausoleum of Bodrum is nearing 25% complete, and the Emperor plans on visiting it himself sometime soon. The navy continues its patrols near Naxos in order to maintain order in the area in the face of unrest.
 * <p class="MsoNormal">The United Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia: Trade continues to grow, and the production of finished goods increases. Gunpowder weapons are researched, and cannons are tested for use on ships and in forts. Record profits are earned by salt merchants, and mining of the material flourishes. Roads are repaired and docks maintained. Prince Michael seeks to reaffirm his alliances with Muscovy and Hungary, and the trade agreements with Georgia and Venice.
 * Colorado Confederation:The civil war continues with the anti-centralists finally uniting and training under one cause. What they lack in organization and training, they make up for numbers, and they prepare for a massive attack saying that this is the only way to maintain tribal freedom The centralists however, take up their elite army in a defensive position, stating that this is the only way to defend peace and propserity.
 * Hungary, Croatia and all the vassals of Hungary see a greater number of military fortifications made. Hungary continues to grow economically, increasing trading with each other. Hungary also keeps its armies trained and well-drilled. Bosnia is expanded 10,000 km by the army who are looking to establish control as so their borders are not affected in the future.