Canada (1983: Doomsday)

Canada is a parliamentary democracy that occupies the northeast coast of North America. The rest of the world often refers to this nation as the Canada Remainder Provinces.

History

 * See main article: 

The Rest of Canada
Canada, or the Canada Remainder Provinces, claims all of the original ten provinces and two territories of Old Canada. In reality, eastern British Colombia and southern Québec are in a state of anarchy.

The government of the province of British Columbia survived because their capital was not nuked. They created the Commonwealth of Victoria, named after their capital city. Relations between the two are fairly good. Another government runs out of the city of Prince George in the north of the province.

Remnants of the Prairie provinces have organized a provisional government and are a members of the North American Union. It is still up in the air on what the relationship between this Canadian government and the Canada Remainder Provinces will be in the future since contact between the two is only recent. The nation of Athabaska occupies much of northwest Alberta in opposition to the Canadian government.

Residents of the former Territory and the north of the former province of British Colombia have been trading with. The Yukon became an associated state of Australia-New Zealand in 2004.

Parts of Ontario have fallen under the control of the American survivor state of Superior, and a fair portion of the rest is either abandoned, Canadian territory, or independent city-states.

New Brunswick currently hosts a territorial government along the coast, as well as the Maine-based survivor nation of Aroostook in parts of the southern regions of the former province.

Manitoba is largely under the control of the anti-Canadian nation of Assiniboia, though the Hudson Bay coastline is part of the territory of Hudson.

In the Northwest Territories, the towns and villages have grouped together with a few in northern Alberta and Saskatchewan into a pro-Canada nation-state they call the "Northwest Alliance."

International relations
Canada became a part of the Atlantic Defense Community at its founding in 2007. In 2008, Canada was selected to the High Council of the League of Nations as the representative of North America.

There is an ongoing dispute between the Remainder Provinces and the Republic of the French Southern Territories since the Republic claims all French territory including the islands of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, which became a Canadian protectorate after they were cut off from France. Tensions are also high with the Republic du Saguenay, especially since the Canada Remainder Provinces used to claim their territory, and Saguenay sees the CRP as the successors to the government who led Canada into the disaster that was Doomsday. The recent war with Saguenay ended with recognition of Saguenay and the revocation of claims on their territory.

Government
The post-Doomsday government of Canada is similar to pre-Doomsday, however some changes were made. Firstly, the office of Governor-General was kept in a ceremonial role, but new Governor-Generals are now chosen by the previous Governor-General. The Governor-General still represents the Monarch of Canada, even though the Canadian government had not met any British royalty until contact with New Britain and Cleveland was made in the 1990s. The role of Deputy Governor-General was also created, which is the successor to the Governor-General in the event of death or resignation. The Deputy Governor-General is appointed by the current Governor-General. King Andrew of New Britain, who is technically the king, even if he has never been crowned, has approved of the arrangement.

The second change was the Senate reform of 1986. The Senate was altered to consist of elected representatives that would serve as a counterbalance to the House of Commons, and would actually exercise their power when they deemed necessary. The Senators are still ceremonially appointed by the Governor-General, but are actually elected.

The third change was the implementation of a form of direct democracy, in which every month Canadian citizens would hold referenda on large issues regarding the nation, while the details would be handled by the politicians. This change was made in 1989.

Political Parties
Before Doomsday, Canada had three major political parties: the Liberal Party, the Progressive Conservative Party, and the New Democratic Party. After Doomsday, the New Democratic Party gradually lost support, and the new Canada First Party started gaining support.

The Liberal Party (Parti libéral) has existed since Confederation in 1867, with several of the greatest Prime Ministers to its name: Wilfred Laurier, William Lyon Mackenzie King, and Pierre Trudeau. As its name suggests, it follows the ideology of liberalism. The Liberal Party, under Pierre Trudeau, was in power in 1983, and was defeated in the 2009 election, after the Saguenay invasion of Quebec and the loss of faith in their leader, Jacques Ducharme. They are currently the minority partner of the government coalition.

The Progressive Conservative Party (Parti progressiste-conservateur) is the second oldest party, having been formed in 1942 as a successor to the former Conservative Party. Counting all of the Conservatives' previous incarnations, their most notable Prime Ministers include John A. Macdonald (the first Prime Minister) and Robert Borden. This party follows the ideology of conservatism. Together with the Liberals, they form the government, with their leader, Fabian Manning, being the Prime Minister.

The New Democratic Party (Nouveau Parti démocratique) is a more recent party, having been formed in 1961 as a unification of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation and the Canadian Labour Congress. This party has never formed the government of Canada on the federal level. The party's ideology is democratic socialism. In the years following Doomsday, it was the third most important party until the year 2000, when it was outpaced by the Canada First Party. Since the 2004 election it had held no representation in the House of Commons, though they regained a small amount in the surprise elections of 2010.

The Canada First Party (Parti de Primauté Canadienne) is the newest party, founded in 1991 after the visit by the USS Benjamin Franklin. The Canada First Party advocates isolation from international affairs and Canadian self-sufficiency. It recently skyrocketed in popularity after the Saguenay invasion of Quebec and the loss of faith in the Liberals under Jacques Ducharme. Their leader, and the last Prime Minister, is Walter Natynczyk. Following the LoN investigations, and the evidence of wrongdoing by elements of the party that resulted, the government fell and new elections were held, that they lost to a Conservative-Liberal coalition.

Ridings
The country is divided up into ridings as it was before Doomsday. Each riding corresponds to a seat in federal parliament. There are 138 total ridings, much less than the 282 ridings before Doomsday. The ridings are not based on the previous federal ridings, instead they are based on the provincial electoral districts.

Canadian Provinces and Territories
This is a list of Canadian provinces and the date of re-confederation.

There is also several regions that have been set up by the Canadian government as territories:

It must be remembered that the joining of Thunder Bay with the Canadian government is contingent on a road being constructed from either Kingston, or the coast of the Bay. Currently, the favored option is to build southwards from York Factory to the remains of Ontario Highway 11, and then westwards from there to Thunder Bay territory, though this is far from decided at this time.

In addition, Canada controls the northern shore of the St. Lawrence River to varying degrees, and is continuing to take the offensive against the Lawrence Raiders in concert with Vermont and Aroostook. The Raiders themselves are now largely confined to south of the river.

Saguenay
Canada hopes to one day convince Saguenay to join Confederation, but with the official recognition of Saguenay, this seems very unlikely. Given current expansion of Canadian control in Central Quebec, however, it is likely that they will end up surrounded by Canadian territory sometime in the future.

New Brunswick/Maine
Canada has made contact with, a government that encompasses northern Maine and adjacent regions. The has protested any Canadian expansion into American territory. A territorial government for New Brunswick is based in the city of Bathurst, though its authority is limited to the coastline for the most part. Parts of southern New Brunswick are also part of Aroostook, complicating the picture still further.

Ontario
This region is largely lawless, and is probably the hardest hit area in Canada. More organized settlements exist in the southern parts of Ontario in the cities of London, Niagara Falls, Norfolk-Haldimand, Barrie, and the Waterloo region, along with small areas of Northern Ontario outside of the Hudson Bay coastline and Superioran territory. Other city-states, such as Niagara Falls, united with the American side of the border. In the case of the Falls, it united with the American side when both signed the Accord of Sovereignty, which states that "Niagara Falls will dissolve to another country only through bloodshed, as is the peoples wish to remain a union of the two cities". And others, such as Thunder Bay were once home to fascist governments, though Thunder Bay itself was recently re-democratized after the death of Colonel Leppe and the stability loss which followed.

With the conclusion of the Saguenay War, the re-establishment of easy contact with Kingston, and the vote by Thunder Bay to rejoin the nation, Canada has established three new territories in the region: Northern Ontario in Thunder Bay, Eastern Ontario in Kingston, and the Hudson Bay coastline has been merged with the Manitoba coastline into the territory of Hudson. It is currently unknown as to what will be done with this situation in the future, though it is known that the ruins of Toronto and Hamilton will not be habitable to any great degree until about 2020. The territories of Northern and Eastern Ontario currently operate under the same regimes as prior to their re-joining Canada, though now under the banner of the Canadian government, and with limited authority to deal with the independent states in the region.

Many of the city-states in former Southern Ontario are currently warming to the Canadian government, due to an upswing in Canadian nationalism following the Saguenay War.

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Debates are ongoing with the Republic of the French Southern Territories as to the status of thie territory. Their status as of now is a Canadian protectorate, though that may change in the future.

Hudson
"Hudson" is the name for the recently-established territory that consists of the parts of the coastal regions of Hudson's Bay that used to be in Manitoba and Ontario. The main problems with this region is that it is sparsely populated. Churchill is the capital. It is undecided at this time as for what will happen to it in the future, given the population, remoteness, and that it was once part of two separate provinces.

Federal District
There is some talk of creating a Federal District, either in St. John's, the current capital, or moving the capital so as not to favor Newfoundland. One of the heavily favored candidates is Charlottetown, PEI, because of its reputation as the "Birthplace of Confederation". A new possibility has recently come into play with the territory retaken following the Saguenay War - building a new, planned city on the mainland and having it be the new capital, though the concept has been given little thought at this time.

Alberta and Saskatchewan
In 2009, Canada made contact with the Provisional Government of Canada in Saskatoon, which had for years administered the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan as part of the North American Union. The Saskatoon government has expressed the hope of reuniting with the rest of Canada, though the precise relationship would be unknown. Negotiations between Saskatoon and St. John's have not yet begun.

Yukon
Canada first sent a mission to the in 2000, although it had been aware before that that the territorial government had survived as a confederation of settlements. The Yukoners warmly greeted the new arrivals and expressed the wish for a reunited Canada some time in the far-off future. However, both nations recognized that geography kept them very far apart for the time being. The Yukon's 2004 Compact of Free Association with Australia-New Zealand gives the Yukon the right to join a revived Canadian federation, if and when that becomes possible.

Northwest Territories
In 1993, an exploration party from the surviving territorial government in the western parts of the territories and parts of the northern Prairie provinces, calling itself the Northwest Alliance, reached Canadian outposts on the western shores of Hudson Bay. They have become very fervently in favor of the idea of Canada in their relative isolation, and will jump at the chance to rejoin the Canadian government as soon as possible, thought the extent of the relationship when that occurs has yet to be determined.

There has been an agreement reached between the Canadian government and the Alliance leaders to give most of the former Northwest Territories to Nunavut, in exchange for the parts of the Prairie Provinces that are members of the Alliance. A provisional boundary between the Alliance and Nunavut has also been set.

Demographics
English is the main language in the provinces of Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia, while French is the dominant language in Québec and some regions of Nouveau-Québec. Native languages, especially Inuktitut, are dominant in Nunavut (from which it is named) and in Nouveau-Québec. Refugees from bombed areas have also brought their languages, though since the main source of refugees is the United States, it mostly means more Anglophone inhabitants. However, bilingualism is supported throughout the country, and almost a quarter of the population is bilingual in English and French as of the 2006 census.

The ethnicities also vary, firstly with the pre-Doomsday immigration, though many of these immigrants lived in major cities, and consequently died. The population is mostly white. Native Americans inhabit mostly Nouveau-Québec and Nunavut, with some in Labrador.

Most of the refugees picked up by ships live in coastal cities, such as Charlottetown and St. John's. The Gaspé peninsula and Nova Scotia is home to some refugees who came over land. New Brunswick is also a popular destination, though it is only a Canadian territory at this time. The most populous province by far is Newfoundland and Labrador.

Currently, the Canadian government is also offering incentives for people to move to the Hudson territory, to strengthen their control over the area. In general, however, the government is putting great effort into encouraging immigration from abroad as well.

Religion
Christianity is by far the largest religion in Canada, with both the Protestant and Catholic groups having many followers. Atheism and agnosticism are also around. Other religions that are fairly common in the region are traditional Native American beliefs. Other religions, now largely around at all due to immigration with the destruction of the major cities in 1983, are small in number but continue to grow in size.

Economy
Like many post-Doomsday countries, the economy of Canada is a survivor economy, designed to survive the many dangers of a post-apocalyptic world. One main problem is food. Early on, Newfoundland provided much food with its cod fisheries, but cod numbers had been steadily declining for decades due to overfishing, and fallout did not help them at all. Today cod fishing in Newfoundland is a thing of the past. Whaling in the north increased, though Canadians tried to keep a balance between the food required to survive and avoiding extinction of whales. Other sources of food are farms in the Québecs, Newfoundland and Labrador, and Prince Edward Island, especially the potato farms of the latter. Fishing of shellfish also alleviates the problem. An extensive seal-hunt also occurs each winter in the Gulf.

Canada does not have a critical shortage of fuel due to the natural gas reserves in the easily accessible Atlantic Ocean. Hydroelectricity is also used more and more frequently, especially in the northern areas of the mainland.

Military
The Canadian military operates as a single unit, known as the Canadian Forces (CF) Canada is one of the few North American countries to have active land, naval and air forces. Canada's land forces are currently largely deployed in bases in the Gaspe region, Kingston, the St. Lawrence River Valley and in the Cote-Nord region of Quebec. Canada is the dominant naval power in the region. Canadian air forces also are dominant in the region, though this is only because no other nation has much of an air force and Superior is so far away. However, all parts of the military were subject to cutbacks in government funding over the past few years, and it has only been with the war with Saguenay that a significant amount of money has gone back into it. The three sections of the CF are the:
 * Canadian Military Ground Command (CMGC)
 * Canadian Military Air Command (CMAC)
 * Canadian Military Naval Command (CMNC)

The military operates a variety of vehicles, weapons, aircraft and ships. The main ships in service with the CMNC are Amtrim class frigates produced in the Celtic Alliance and St.Johns Class frigates, based on the Halifax design from before Doomsday and built in the rebuilt Saint John shipyards as well as the yards built in St.Johns during the early 1990s. They serve alongside the surviving Iroquois class destroyer that is under Canadian control, a pair of Dublin class destroyers, a trio of Oberon class submarines, and a small flotilla of minesweepers.

The main weapon of the GMGC is the C5 assault rifle. The CMGC also uses Leopard C1 MBTs, as well as Grizzly Bear APCs. The CMAC operates CF-5 Freedom Fighters, as well as Saab Viggens purchased from the Nordic Union.

The Canadian Navy is also looking into the carriers now under construction in the Celtic Alliance, though it is unlikely they will try and order any.

Law Enforcement
Each of the Canadian Provinces operates its own individual Police Forces. There is a Federal Law Enforcement Agency, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), the famous "Mounties".

Culture
After the first few years of survival, new books started being published more frequently, and radio shows began diversifying. Movies also began being shown again, after the theatres in the major cities were repaired. New movies, however, were scarce, and the theatres largely showed those from the pre-Doomsday era. Around the turn of the century, this changed, and new movies began being created. The most recent blockbuster was a movie called With the Gangs, about a man captured by the Lawrence Raiders and his eventual escape. Though critisized about its inconsistancies with known facts, it grossed more than any movie in post-Doomsday Canada.

Media
The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), reformed in 19xx, serves as the national radio and television broadcaster.

The CBC operates three radio networks and one television network.

The radio networks are:

CBC Radio One - broadcasts primarily news, sports and information. It has at least one station in every province, including a 50,000-watt AM station broadcasting out of St. John's that can be heard throughout most of North America and occassionally into the Caribbean and Europe

CBC Radio Two - broadcasts music, arts and cultural programming. Radio Two has at least one station in every province.

Radio-Canada - an all-French amalgamation of Radio One and Radio Two, with emphasis on the French-speaking population of Canada.

CBC Television carries both English and French programming, including news, sports, information, movies, the arts, and pre-Doomsday and post-Doomsday syndicated programming. The CBC plans to split the television service into separate English and French channels in 2011.

St. John's also has three independent AM and four independent FM stations, mainly broadcasting pre- and post-Doomsday pop, rock, R&B, jazz and country music.

Sports
The Canadian Hockey League - considered to be the successor to the old National Hockey League - is by far the most popular league in the country. There are eight teams, including a recently admitted one from Vermont. The teams are:


 * The St. John's Senators (they took the name from Ottawa's former team)
 * The Corner Brook Royals
 * The Nova Scotia Voyageurs
 * The Charlottetown Islanders
 * The Gaspe Canadiens (named after the Montreal Canadiens)
 * The Iqaluit Nunavummiut
 * The Houlton Americans (Aroostook's team)
 * The Manchester Bruins (taking their nickname from the Boston Bruins hockey team popular throughout New England pre-Doomsday

The Gaspe Canadiens suspended play after the invasion of Gaspe by Superior and Saguenay. There was speculation that the remainder of the CHL season could be cancelled due to the crises. However, the new Canadian government, specifically Prime Minister Walter Natynczyk, insisted that the season would continue. The team was reinstated for the 2010-2011 season.

Discussions are currently under way with the city governments of Churchill, Bathurst, and Kingston about teams being established in those locations.

Some have suggested also competing with the teams in the Victorian Hockey League, of the, or even merging the two. This however is still hypothetical. Curling and lacrosse (Canada's official summer sport) are also popular.

Canadian football is supported in part by the national government. The Canadian Football League restarted in 1994 and currently has five teams:
 * Charlottetown Maples
 * Nova Scotia Huskies
 * Nunavut Argonauts
 * St. John's Schooners
 * Gaspe Alouettes

Curling and lacrosse are also popular, and association football (referred to as soccer in Canada) is starting to gain popularity among younger people.

Canada is a member of FIFA and the International Ice Hockey Federation.

Education
The provinces are in charge of the educational system. Those with a higher -- and denser -- population, such as Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, and southern Quebec, generally have more schools. The less populated areas of Nouveau-Quebec and Nunavut have schools in major cities, however those living in these areas have few universities to go to inside their provinces.

Transportation
More to come...

Health
Canada has a publicly-funded health care system.