Italy (New Union)

Italy (: Italia), officially known as the Italian Republic, is a located in the.

History
Italy was formed the 17 March of 1861, after the unification under the, during the Italy he has emerged victorious from the conflict, during the period between the two world wars has known the Venetennio, characterized by the Government of  and the , Italy has been defeated by , but thanks to the aid allied has recovered. The Italian Republic is officialy established the 2 June of the 1946 with a referendum, were the people have coosed between the Kingdom or the Republic, the people finally vote for the Republic. After a constitutional assembly and after the creation of the Constitution. The voted Enrico De Nicola as the first president of the republic, during the  Italy has had an economic boom, now Italy is a global superpower in the world and a member of the, ,  and.

Geography
To the north it bordered, , , , and  along the Alps. To the south it consists of the entirety of the, and. The two largest islands in the and many other smaller islands. The independent states of and the  are enclaves within Italy, whilst Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in.

Italian Constitution
Formally and according to the  is organized in the following way:
 * President of the Republic (Presidente della Repubblica), elected by the Parliament every seven years. The post was held by Sergio Mattarella.
 * The Parliament has a perfect bicameral system, and this are compose of the Chamber of the Deputies and of the Senate of the Republic.
 * The Chamber of the Deputies is elected by the people every five years. There are 321 deputies, twelve of which are elected in the overseas constituencies.
 * The Senate of the Republic is nominated by the President of the Republic. There are 321 senators, six of whom are elected in the overseas constituencies. There are also a number of senators for life, such as former Presidents or citizens appointed by the President, during his term in office, for having brought honor to the nation with their achievements.
 * President of the Council (Presidente del Consiglio), nominated by the President of the Republic. They were responsible for the administration of the Republic. Silvio Berlusconi is the new President of the Council.
 * The Constitution establishes the Government of Italy as composed of the Prime Minister (President of the Council) and Ministers. The President of Italy appoints the Prime Minister and, on his proposal, the Ministers that form its cabinet. The appointee can be the leader of the majority coalition that won the election, or it can be a person instructed by the President to form a national unity government in times of crisis for the nation. Either way, the government must receive the confidence of both Houses, so the Executive derives its legitimacy from the Parliament and the great number of political parties forces the Prime Minister to bend to their will. If the majority coalition no longer supports the government.
 * The Constitution states that justice is administered in the name of the people and that judges are subject only to the law. So the judiciary is a branch that is completely autonomous and independent of all other branches of power, even though the Minister of Justice is responsible for the organization and functioning of those services involved with justice and has the power to originate disciplinary actions against judges, which are then administered by the High Council of the Judiciary, presided over by the President.
 * There is only partial judicial review of legislation. Judicial review exists under certain conditions, established by the Constitutional Law, in the Constitutional Court, or Corte Costituzionale, which can reject anti-constitutional laws after scrutiny. When the Court declares a law unconstitutional, the law ceases to have effect the day after the publication of the ruling.
 * The Constitutional Court is composed of 15 judges, one of which is the President of the Italian Constitutional Court elected from the court itself. One third of the judges are appointed by the President of the Italian Republic, one-third are elected by Parliament and one-third are elected by the ordinary and administrative supreme courts.
 * According to the Constitution, any citizen that is fifty on the day of the election, and enjoys civil and political rights, can be elected President. The President cannot hold office in any other branch of power, and the office's salary and privileges are established by law.
 * In addition to powers inherent in being a member of the cabinet, the prime minister holds specific powers, most notably being able to nominate a list of cabinet ministers to be appointed by the President of the Republic and the countersigning of all legislative instruments having the force of law that are signed by the President of the Republic.
 * Often the Prime Minister's activity consists more in mediating between the various parties in the majority coalition, rather than directing the activity of the Council of Ministers. The Prime Minister's supervisory power is further limited by the lack of any formal authority to fire ministers, although a cabinet reshuffle, or sometimes even an 'individual vote of no confidence' on the part of Parliament, may in practice provide a surrogate measure.
 * The Ministers are 13 :