November Revolution (Red November)

The November Revolution, or German Revolution was a period of social, political, and military conflict across Germany that lasted from 1918 to 1920. It involved 3 separate governments of Germany: the German Empire, Weimar Republic, and Socialist Republic of Germany, and ended with a communist victory. The conflict resulted in the dissolution of both the Weimar Republic and German Empire, and led to the creation of a socialist one party state.

Initially the communist forces were disorganized and largely powerless against the empire, however many German troops who had been radicalized and frustrated by the government's incompetence during World War I joined the cause and helped them crush the German Empire and the briefly proclaimed Weimar Republic. In addition, the newly formed Russian SFSR gave aid to the communist revolution and reportedly sent troops to Berlin in 1919, although there is no proof that this actually took place.

Following the establishment and proclamation of the Weimar Republic on 9 November 1918, a very radical wing of the existing German military began to openly oppose the new nation and began an armed conflict with it. The Communist Party of Germany (KPD) was formed in early 1919 by Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht, who gave the military rebellion a political entity to align themselves with. A relatively small rebellion by imperial loyalist forces broke out in mid-1919 in reaction to communist advances, which was suppressed eventually, and preceeded the defeat and dissolution of the Weimar Republic in early 1920.