President of the Confederate States (Enduring Schism)

The President of the Confederate States of America is the head of the executive branch of the government of the Confederate States of America.

List of presidents

 * Parties

List of elections

 * 1861

Jefferson F. Davis and Alexander H. Stephens elected more or less unanimously.


 * 1867

Robert E. Lee and James Longstreet elected more or less unanimously. Some reluctance to nominate Longstreet, but Lee's influence prevails.


 * 1873

John C. Breckinridge and Zebulon B. Vance (National League) elected by a large margin over Joseph E. Johnston and Raphael Semmes (Longstreet-backed independents). First real contested election – Johnston's defeat assisted by his perceived reconciliatory notions and his refusal to actively campaign for office.


 * 1879

P. G. T. Beauregard and G. W. C. Lee (National League) elected more or less unanimously. Beauregard defeated Joseph E. Johnston for the National League's nomination, aided by Vance's endorsement. Only other candidates were John C. Brown and Francis T. Nicholls (Reform League), who won their states and no others.


 * 1885

John H. Reagan and Simon B. Buckner (Reform League) narrowly elected over Edmund K. Smith and Fitzhugh Lee (National League). Nationalists perceived as aloof and elitist. Reformists win populist vote.


 * 1891

John B. Gordon and Benjamin Tillman (Citizens' Party) elected over John T. Morgan and Lucius Lamar (National League) and Simon B. Buckner and Augustus H. Garland (Reform League).


 * 1897

Benjamin Tillman and James S. Hogg (Citizens' Party) elected over Clifton R. Breckinridge and Stephen Mallory (Democratic Party).


 * 1903

Clifton R. Breckinridge and Murphy J. Foster (Democratic Party) elected over James S. Hogg and Thomas E. Watson (Citizens' Party).


 * 1909

Thomas E. Watson and Napoleon B. Broward (Citizens' Party) elected over Murphy J. Foster and Luke E. Wright (Democratic Party).


 * 1915

M. Hoke Smith and James K. Vardaman (Citizens' Party) elected over Edward D. White and Josephus Daniels (Democratic Party)


 * 1921

Josephus Daniels and John N. Garner (Democratic Party) easily elected over James K. Vardaman and Ellison D. Smith (Citizens' Party).


 * 1927

Carter Glass and Cordell Hull (Democratic Party) easily elected over Ellison D. Smith and Thaddeus H. Caraway (Citizens' Party).


 * 1933

Cordell Hull and James C. McReynolds (Democratic Party) narrowly elected over Huey P. Long and Theodore G. Bilbo (Citizens' Party). Dead cat bounce for the Citizens' Party – Conservative League founded 1935.


 * 1939

Josiah W. Bailey and Hatton W. Sumners (Conservative Party) narrowly elected over Clyde R. Hoey and Hugo L. Black (Democratic Party) and Olin D. Johnston and George L. Berry (Citizens' Party). Religious and ideological issues at play.


 * 1945

Hugo L. Black and James F. Byrnes (Democratic Party) narrowly elected over Harry F. Byrd and W. Lee O'Daniel (Conservative Party) and Olin D. Johnston and James C. Breckinridge (Citizens' Party).


 * 1951

Harry F. Byrd and Strom Thurmond (Conservative Party) elected over James F. Byrnes and Colgate W. Darden (Democratic Party) and Fielding L. Wright and Eugene Siler (Citizens' Party).


 * 1957

Strom Thurmond and Richard B. Russell (Conservative Party) elected over J. William Fulbright and Estes Kefauver (Reform Party). Anti-conservative forces merged into Reform Party in 1954.


 * 1963

John B. Connally and J. Terry Sanford (Reform Party) elected over Ross R. Barnett and Luther H. Hodges (Conservative Party). Estes Kefauver, presumptive Reform Party nominee, died a few months before the election. Connally, his running mate, replaced him at the head of the ticket.


 * 1969

George C. Wallace and Dale L. Bumpers (Reform Party) elected over John C. Stennis and Orval E. Faubus (Conservative Party).


 * 1975

Ernest F. Hollings and Lewis F. Powell (Conservative Party) elected over William E. Brock and Reubin O. Askew (Reform Party)


 * 1981

William C. Westmoreland and Robert Q. Marston (independent) elected over Lloyd Bentsen and D. Robert Graham (Reform Party) and Lawrence P. McDonald and William L. Scott (Conservative Party).


 * 1987

Lloyd M. Bentsen and Richard C. Shelby (Reform Party) elected over Jesse Helms and Howard H. Baker (Conservative Party).


 * 1993

Reubin O. Askew and Ann Richards (Reform Party) elected over J. Bennett Johnston and Zell B. Miller (Conservative Party).


 * 1999

Ann Richards and Charles S. Robb (Reform Party) elected over William H. Frist and W. Thad Cochran (Conservative Party).


 * 2005

Fred Thompson and Robert R. Riley (Conservative Party) elected over John R. Edwards and Sam Nunn (Reform Party).


 * 2011

Blanche Lincoln and James H. Webb (Reform Party) easily elected over Michael D. Huckabee and Jim DeMint (Conservative Party).