Timeline (Acts of Union)

Weak Propositions (1884)
By 1884, the British were beginning to consider certain possibilities for their Empire. They were wondering how to keep it indefinitely, the founding of the Imperial Federation League in 1884 is seen as the opening movement toward some considering on imperial form.

Established in multiple White settler colonies, and a few other minor colonies, the IFL remained insignificant but did have vocal supporters in Canada, Britain, Australia, and even a new minor presence in South Africa.

The Imperial Federation was to be handled as such. The Imperial Parliament (Westminster, stripped of its local responsibilities) would handle foreign affairs, the army, the navy, and those colonies (including India) which had a population the bulk of which was "alien". The centre would also have a final court of appeal. Local Parliaments would exercise control over Home Affairs, the police and education.

Supporters of Imperial Federation presented the argument that the two choices for Britain were Imperial unification or Imperial disintegration. In their view the future importance of Britain depended on it federating

Colonial Conferences (1887-1904)
The Colonial conferences were multiple meetings of many colonies, particularly White settler colonies to faciliate greater cooperation as well as co-ordination of multiple issues of imperial defense and force deployments and other communications issues.

The First Conference in 1887 conducted during Queen Victorias Jubilee (a significant occasion), deliberated on multiple issues of Defence, Imperial co-ordination, as well as the laying of new communication lines to better connect and support the Empire. The Title "Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, Ireland, and the Colonies, and all Dependencies thereof, and Empress of India"

The Second Conference brought together in 1894 by Canadian demand, led to the propositions of a telegraph cable linking Australia and New Zealand with the rest of the Empire in a more prominent fashion. All self-governing British colonies were invited to send delegates with the exception of Newfoundland Colony. Western Australia and Natal Colony did not send representatives due to domestic priorities. The colony of Fiji was also invited due to its geographical location on the proposed route of the cable but declined. Delegates were sent to the conference by Canada, New Zealand, the Australian self-governing colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania and Victoria and the South African colony of Cape Colony. Unlike other colonial conference, the colonial delegates were cabinet ministers or legislators or government representatives rather than Prime Ministers.

Resolutions were proposed to the conference and it was agreed that decisions would be made on the basis of "one colony, one vote" but the resolutions were not binding on the British government or the Colonial Office. In addition to discussing telecommunications issues, the conference also approved a resolution favouring preferential trade within the Empire. However, this resolution was opposed by Australia's largest colonies, New South Wales and Queensland, who were suspicious the Canadian initiative seemed designed to undermine Australia's protective tariffs. Regardless of some of the glaring issues, the topic of further centralizing and unifying the Empires colonies with the Motherland seemed a pressing issue, as multiple discussions but no concrete commitments toward this initiative were actually made.

The Third Conference occuring in 1897 led to Chamberlain proposing the creation of a permanent Imperial Council made up of delegates from the colonies to act as an Empire-wide parliament with the power to bind the colonies on imperial matters but this was rejected by the colonies due to fears of loss of autonomy. Chamberlain also propose that colonies increase their contributions to the Royal Navy but only some colonies agreed to increase their contributions and no permanent arrangement was agreed to. Chamberlain also proposed a customs union between the colonies and Britain while Canada proposed preferential trade but no decision was made by the delegates.

The 1902 Conference proposed much of the same to the colonies who once against rejected it seeing no need to truly give up any autonomy and suffer coming back under the non self governing Imperial umbrella. This led to a major problem of Britain recognizing its slipping grip on its colonies, and the Imperial Federation Leagues failure to gain significant traction behind the scenes to organize such a movement.

The Christmas Ambush
On Christmas night, following much celebration by British Sailors and the lack of thought of an attack by the US, seeing the Venezuelan issue as minor enough to warrant just saber rattling, the US fleet under George Dewey began an infamous ambush that became a severe issue for the British Navy.

The US fleet surprising the Royal Navy absolutely gutted the British battlegroup, which lost just under half its number to a numerically inferior force, as well as a fleet considered inferior to the Royal Navy in every way possible. The British public opinion of the United States sank immediately, with calls for revenge, and war permeating the less diciplined members of the Parliament.

Eventually with some heavy condemnation by the British Government, further war was avoided, but the strike at the Psyche of the British Empire had been dealt. The United States was not a backwards, isolated enemy it could hope to isolate and destroy. It was a Powerful nation that not only beat the Spanish heavily, but had risen the ranks to the point of challenging the Royal Navy. In the months following Christmas Ambush, also known as the Battle of the Carribbean Sea, the British officially called the 1904 Colonial Conference to discuss the true future of the Empire and the new rising threat of the United States.

A Change in Policy, The 1904 Conference
In 1904 following years of hostile attitudes and issues between the United States and the United Kingdom, A final colonial conference was called, with the explicit purpose to iron out the many issues in consolidating the Empire. The Imperial league, specifically in Canada had made immense political gains in the purpose of the Imperial Federation movement. The Conference itself saw an about face of the former politics based around the Empire. Realizing the burden was too much for the mother country, the Canadians who had agreed to share some of the defense budget, specifically for the Americas realized that overall the United States had become not only a threat to the UK and Canada, but all her colonies and dominions overseas.

While extremely skeptical multiple other colonies and dominions to be agreed to hear out the various proposals as well as re-evaluate their position when it came to the new entrance of the United States to the scene of active and anti-British powers.

Following nearly a week of meetings and decisions it was fully realized that Canada, the only Dominion of sufficient status, will lead the charge as the first of the Dominions to begin its integration into the British empire. This also led to the Union of South Africa being created out of the conference.

The First World War
The First World War was one of the crowning moments that saw the British Empire evolve from its Imperial roots into a more unified Liberal State. It also happened to be one of the worst wars in Human history, responsible for nearly 25 million casualties. Following the Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo the Austro-Hungarian Empire delivered their ultimatum to Serbia, by and large an attempt to neuter Serbia and prevent the Empires fragile Balkan position from deteriorating.

Following the Austro-Hungarian Ultimatum to Serbia, the Russians in support of the Serbians embarked on an defense of Serbia who almost guarenteed could not hold out alone against the Austro-Hungarian Onslaught. In mere weeks, the age old alliance systems of Europe were called up and by this point almost all the worlds Great Powers were at war. France, Germany, Britain, Russia, Austria-Hungary, all engaged in a titanic struggle which could very well have seen the whole framework of Europe change.

The First battles of the War Began with the Invasions of Serbia, as well as the German Invasion of France which saw their advances stonewalled at Marne and a forced fallback away from Paris to better defensive positions. Before long more and more had joined the conflict with British and French colonies coming into play and their imperial forces from abroad comming to the fight in Europe. The British were most notable for this with forces from nearly all their Dominions joining the war

The War in the West, while initially a war of Movement turned into a stalemated blunder almost immediately. With some of Frances most productive regions under German control or siege and a combined Anglo-French army totally unable to dislodge the Germans, the war bogged down into uncertain and brutal terms. The British, however, were able to maintain almost a complete naval blockade of the German empire which kept its large battle fleet at port to prevent it from being squandered in useless engagements.

In the East the Germans and the Austro-Hungarian Empire were unprepared for a quickly mobilized and ready to fight Russia which invaded Austrian Galicia and East Prussia rather quickly. The Austro-Hungarian forces were deterred but the attacks on East Prussia led to successful counters into Poland where the Russians were forced to withdraw to Poznan to mount an effective defense. Shortly into the War the Ottomans Empire still hoping to reclaim some lost territory as well as provide some sort of unifying purpose to its flagging emprie, joined on the side of the Central Powers and launched its own invasions of the Russian Caucasus.

In the Western Hemisphere a new event was unfolding, one which would change the size and scope of the war. With the war starting, many German possessions were totally indefensible by the very virtue of the conflict it was facing. Many smaller battlegroups were tasked with harassing Entente shipping while others were told to head to neutral nations for internment or outright demilitarization until they could return home. The United States had, however, issued an open declaration that any and all ships on either side could seek safe haven in American ports for some repairs, provisioning among other things. Maximilian Von Spree the commander of the East Asia Squadron hearing of this as sailed toward the Americas managed to use good favor between Germany and the US to make a legitimate movement through the Panama canal. This move was highly criticized by the Entente as aiding the Enemy and in itself almost sparked an international incident, but when the US reaffirmed "Any and All Ships" the Entente Backed down realizing a potential blunder in the Making. The German Fleet under Spree hearing of the blockade realized that it would not reach home, and from Panama made a beeline for the American ports on the East Coast using American goodwill to skirt the US coast and its territorial waters for quite a bit of time. Everything changed, however, following the Norfolk Disaster

Tension in the Americas
The Norfolk Disaster was an issue arising from the US allowing any and all ships on either side of the World Spanning conflict to use US ports for buying basic provisioning and prevent their destruction and death at the hands of the Enemy. The German East Asia squadron under Maximilian Von Spree had spent weeks on the run from Entente forces particularly the British navy. After losing a few ships on the way to the United States, the British daringly engaged the German fleet of the Coast of Norfolk. The German fleet immediately broke formation totally caught off guard by the British attack turned and steamed for the port at Norfolk as quickly as possible with almost all the ships suffering hits. The US Navy unwilling to tolerate such an act within its territorial waters launched the only available ship of sufficient firepower in Norfolk at the time, The USS Nevada. Seeing the German fleet not returning fire and realizing the Germans were trying to make good on US offers of safe haven (which the British had outright ignored now) the USS Nevada began a daring engagement Alone against two other British Dreadnoughts, a battle cruiser, and four destroyers. The British wholly expected the Nevada to pull off and not engage them, and slowed down slightly to give the USS Nevada a wide berth. A British Dreadnought the HMS Superb usually stationed with the Grand fleet in Britain (out on a new exercise and patrol route due to increased US naval presence), passed the Nevada with intent of showing them some respect and not firing while so close. This, however, ended with the HMS Superb being absolutely annihilated by the USS Nevada trained all her Triple gun turrets on the Superb hitting the ship from an extremely close range compared to a usual naval engagement.

The HMS Superb initially looked as if it had weathered the salvo but when no return fire came, and the Ship began to list heavily to the Port, the Rest of the British Fleet changed their heading to deal with the Nevada which had just sunk their flagship. The Nevada then turned its guns on the British fleet and fired a singular Warning shot across the Bow of the HMS Colossus. The Captain of the Colossus immediately gave orders to engage the USS Nevada only to be greeted with a shot that glanced off the Ship off into the water. The SMS Dresden had turned to aid the Nevada. The captain of the SMS Dresden Fritz Lüdeck realized what he was doing and turned his ship to open another salvo at the HMS Colossus. The USS Nevada began to retreat back toward Norfolk as the German cruiser ran interference. In a show of courage the German Cruiser faced off against the British Battle group alone. German survivors attest to US servicemen saluting the SMS Dresden and her crew as the American Super-Dreadnought pulled off and pushed ahead back toward Norfolk firing some covering shots from its cannons as it withdrew.

The Captain of the Dresden Fritz Lüdeck before hand had realized the dire situation the singular American ship was in and with the HMS Superb closing he was convinced the British ship would bring the full bear of its arms on the American ship. He turned to aid the American ship which had sailed out alone to assert American sovereignty in the waters. The British who had been ordered to violate neutrality of any country if they encountered the German battlegroup, looked as if they might give the Nevada a break and pull off with only the HMS Superb following to demand the surrender of the German Battlegroup waiting. This led only to the USS nevada utterly obliterating the British capital ship in its opening salvo. Captain Lüdeck realizing the American ship had not only saved the lives of him and all his comrades, but was challenging the British by itself, rushed to turn the ship around to aid the American Ship. Lüdeck missed the warning shot as he tried to give orders to ready the ship for a last stand. The USS Nevada on its withdraw from the battle gave its salute to the SMS Dresden and Captain Lüdeck ordered that all guns be brought to bear on the HMS Colossus. The Dresden presenting as little a profile as possible opened fire on the Colossus exclusively in an attempt to score a lucky hit. While some minor damage was incurred the Colossus returned fire with two solid hits on the Dresden. Lüdeck, wounded but still in the fight ordered the ship to charge full into the Colossus and for weapons to be handed out to the Crew. More ships from the British fleet now with clear sight lines of the Dresden opening fire with only one hit. The Dresden itself still surged forward at full steam with fires raging across part of the ship. Closing on the Colossus, the captain fired one more salvo on the Dresden before the German cruiser slammed into the British ship full force. In a final attempt to lock down the British battleship, the German crew began to board the ship as best they could and a full force close quarters engagement broke out between the crews Colossus and the Dresden.

Unable to actively engage the Dresden due to its proximity to the Colossus, the Remainder of the British fleet remained at a careful distance. The crew of the Dresden fought valiantly and worked toward taking key parts of the British Dreadnought, The British crew while totally unprepared for the ramming by the Dresden, or the boarding of the Colossus, fared extremely well after the initially attack. Outnumbering the German crew by more than two to one the British were able to fend off attacks except for a dedicated attack to take the Magazine of the British ship. The German Captain himself led the final charge to take the British magazine after realizing his rear guard had retreated from their defensive positions guarding their backs on the upper decks. While managing to take the Magazine, the British were able to corner Captain Lüdeck who held the British at a standstill with intent to destroy the magazine and bring both ships and their crews with them.

After just an hour of intense close quarters Combat, US naval forces from the Coastal patrol, created as a response to prevent such actions as this, arrived to help handle the situation. Five destroyers at full steam from the south with the Battleships New York, Texas, and Arkansas all came into the local area. The USS Nevada also under the full intent to protect the US coast came back out from port to meet the British Fleet. The British not wanting to abandon the Colossus to capture or destruction attempted to stay and guard the ship as it fought off German boarders but after multiple warning shots and recognizing their new inferiority to the US fleet in the area were forced to abandon the Colossus unable to even attempt to save the crew.

Just three hours after the engagement, the British had lost two Battleships, the HMS Superb, and the HMS Colossus to the Americans. Within days, news of the battle between American and British forces spread and an international crisis began to Arise. The British had violated the neutrality and good will of another great power. While insisting the leader of the task force had been acting of his own accord, US presentation of written orders to fire on the German East Asia squadron even if it violated neutrality (corroborated by the Captain of the HMS Colossus) stirred up an immense resentment and anger toward the British who may have started a conflict they very well could not finish.

Conduct of the War before American involvement
The Initial conduct of the war on all sides was an confused scramble to try to figure out deployments. Early 1914 saw the original deployment plans of the Germans and Austro-Hungarians entirely changed and never put to practice in mock drills. This led to the German armies total confusion as to how the Austro-Hungarian military would be directed in the East. The Germans expected most of their allies troops to be directed against Serbia while the German army dealt with France. In actuality the Austro-Hungarian military got caught between its commitments against Serbia and Russia forcing it to divide its forces.

The Germans in retrospect had sent at least 80% of their military strength in the form of seven field armies which rushed through Belgium with the intent of knocking France out of the War quickly. The invasion through Belgium, however, brought the British into the war in short order which saw the Anglo-French forces managing to valiantly hold back the German forces at Marne bringing the Germans into a static position in Northern France forcing them to dig in and defend.

With the stalemate in the west, the Austro-Hungarian and German forces fought a decent war of movement against Russia inflicting heavy losses and even driving them back out of Galicia and East Prussia in short order, ending in German advances into Poland. However, with the original Central powers War plan having failed (avoiding a long costly two-front war) The Germans had come out on top with a powerful strategic position. France's coal mines were either under siege or under total German control, cutting the French off from coal entirely, and the Anglo-French Alliances were a full 250,000 troops further in casualty and death rates than the Germans. In the east the Germans had essentially achieved Tactical and in some cases strategic superiority as their momentum carried them against the Russian army which was badly led and lacked timely strategic decision and was faltering in Poland.

In the colonies, the War went extremely badly for the Central powers, as the Germans lost almost all their colonies the minute the war started. While some fighting occurred, German East Africa by the close of 1914 was the only remaining colony remaining under any sort of German control, with German Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck fighting a potent guerrilla warfare campaign against the Entente powers. In Asia the German colonies had almost all be immediately seized by the Entente and their allies, forcing the German East Asia squadron to flee across the Pacific.

By the end of 1914 the War had come to a true stalemate that didn't exactly favor either side. The Central powers had quite of bit of Strategic superiority in Europe, but the Entente had the resources of roughly 50% of the globe to draw on meaning, that every day the Germans could not claim a victory, more and more resources were being directed against it. German High Command at this point realized it was only a matter of time before it saw its enemies colonial troops filling in the gaps and the potential of other powers joining the Entente. This, however, was somewhat made up for with the entrance of the Ottoman Empire into the war roughly three months into the War, hoping to regain some territory from the British and the Russians. Initially Negligible the Ottomans were able to make some moderate advances in the Caucasus but were unable to make any advances in the Middle East.

The Central Powers also also had many issues with trade and supply as the British and French and their allies blockaded all supply routes to their ports and made it extremely difficult for them to conduct any sort of trade, meaning that overall the Germans were stuck in a disadvantageous spot logistics-wise. The Central powers almost immediately were forced to begin redirecting supplies to the military effort which caused some civilian disturbance.

An Unlikely ally and a Year of Disasters.
By the Close of 1914 the German situation was dire, but not immediately Dire. With operational superiority, and a new strategy, they hoped to win the war, but in a few years time. The maintained a defensive stance in the West while fighting an extreme war of movement against the inferior Russian forces. Serbia while managing to throw back Austro-Hungarian forces was still a small isolated state compared to the Austro-Hungarian Empire and while getting British support suffered extremely as it fought a losing war of attrition against the Central Powers. By 1915, however, they got their Relief as the Kingdom of Italy joined the conflict on the Entente Powers, with the expressed intent of taking territory that was "Italian" from the Austrians. This provided some relief but the Serbians were still at quite the disadvantage due to Bulgaria's recent 1915 entry into the war on the Central Powers.

The most pressing concern on the Entente powers mind remained the disaster at Norfolk. The British navy following orders to engage the German East Asia squadron ended up violating the neutrality of the United States, who had offered safe haven to any and all ships, military and otherwise. The German East Asia Squadron ended up attempting to come to safe haven in Norfolk in Virginia ending in the destruction or capture of the British Dreadnoughts HMS Superb, and Colossus, and the retreat of the remainder of the task force into international waters. This disaster while polarizing in American society. A Nation who was staunchly neutral had its neutrality violated by the British. The United States and the Entente powers engaged in a dynamic diplomatic struggle. However, in the end of it, all the US population was polarized against the British and by proximity the Entente. Germany openly apologized for bringing the war to American soil, having not expected the British to open fire on a neutral country like the US. The United States congress deliberated heavily on whether to actively support or at least tacitly support the Central Powers. At this point Germany actively courted the US not for a wartime ally, but at least as a supplier, opening up lines of credit and supply/trade deals. The US while more economically active in the British and French states were unable to get over violation of neutrality by the British, and began to favor the Central powers, particularly Germany more.

By April of 1915 the US president Woodrow Wilson made the decision to openly and actively deliver supplies, escorted by the US navy to Germany. The supply fleet carrying munitions, food, medicine among other things set sail during late April 1915 and reached the British blockade in early May. The British ordered the supply fleet to stop for seizure, but under orders from the US government the ships began to run the blockade. Back in Washington weeks earlier, Wilson had designed a gamble, which would decide American entry into the war. With a population already angry at the British for the violation of its neutrality, President Wilson was already able to rally public support for the war, with many moderates already agreeing that this violation would not stand. He would run the British blockade, delivering supplies to the German Empire, if the British fired, or stopped the ships and seized them, the American entry to the war was assured, if the British let the ships go, the US would play both sides and supply both. He received his answer on May 4th 1915. The Supply fleet had been seized and the US destroyer escorts had sought shelter in German ports. On May 5th Congress declared war on the British. This led to the remaining Entente Powers declaring war on the United States in short order.

The Eagle and the Lion
The entrance of the United States in the war, prompted a mass scare of the various public of the Entente Powers. The British, however, drastically stepped up their recruitment efforts, and resigned themselves to the Western front stalemate, transferring multiple Divisions to Canada to meet the United States in Battle. The United States, while maintaining a small military, mobilized its vast population and resources in short order. The United States, with only an army force of roughly 150,000 by the wars start, organized the American Expeditionary Force out of its existing forces, planning on quickly taking Canada's major cities and then taking the fight to the Entente abroad was stopped almost immediately, as Canadian veterans from the Western Front, joined by British regulars the Canadian forces crossed the Border relatively quickly attacking Detroit and Buffalo in short order. The AEF met the British and the Canadians quickly to prevent the capture of and US cities, culminating in the first two battles of the North American Theatre. The Battle of Detroit, and the Battle of Buffalo led to extremely brutal and bloody results as nearly 60,000 troops on both sides were killed and wounded in Detroit, and another 30,000 in Buffalo forcing the British and Canadians to retreat back across the Canada. The battles themselves lasted roughly a month each and the US began to realize this may not be a quick and easy war. However, within three months, the US had managed to recruit and train nearly 300,000 new soldiers, and with the passing of the Selective Service act, the US numbers swelled to nearly three million, with nearly 2.5 million being draftees, and nearly 500,000 being volunteers.

By September of of 1915 the AEF began to move its forces into Canada only to meet stiff and dedicated resistance from Canadian and British forces, who had applied their lessons from Europe to Canada. Trench lines, prepared by the Entente Forces met the first US invasion of Canada with great success. The First Toronto Offensive ended in a rough and brutal stalemate favoring the British, the US forces taking some queues from the Germans adopted their own trench lines with the expressed intent of preventing another attack on US soil from this area. Many smaller and medium sized skirmishes happened near the Toronto trench lines, with much of the smoke and noise being able to be heard from the outer city limits. The only notable victory of the initial campaigns in Canada was the extremely short siege of Vancouver, which saw the US attack, and siege, and occupy Vancouver and the surrounding area, in less than three weeks. However, the issue remained that US forces would never be able to cross the Canadian wilderness to hit Canada on the flank due to the outright lack of roads and proper logistics in enough numbers to do so. The US considered some possibilities but was content with claiming victory in the Canadian West as opened up a corridor to Alaska.

Abroad, the US fought the British almost exclusively, which in turn forced the British to remove some ships from their blockade of Germany to fight the United States which effectively fought the Royal navy on multiple occasions. The USS Nevada in general became known as "The Brit Killer" for its effective naval record having sunk the HMS Superb, three armored cruisers and six British destroyers in the first five months of the war.

Effectively, by November of 1915 the US and British had come to a stalemate with a clear line being drawn as the British and American fleets and Forces kept to their respective sides, neither able to gain a clear advantage in the Atlantic, and the battle lines being drawn in Canada proper as the US was unable to break any defensive movements due to its inability to bring its full forces to bear on the Entente in a singular location due to the myriad of new fronts opening.

Initial Asian conflicts
Following US entrance into the War, the US saw a slew of Attacks on its pacific Territories as many of its islands, including Guam, and Wake island were attacked and seized by the British and French, as well as a massive Japanese naval raid on the Philippines. Within two months of the war declaration, The Japanese began to hit the United States in the Philippines with nearly 50,000 Japanese troops landing on the northern islands. The Philippines in general was highly divided on how to approach the war. Many joined the Entente ranks as guerrillas or auxiliaries for the Invading Japanese, but the United States managed to convince many people that the Philippines would be no better under the rule of any of the entente powers or their allies. The Japanese while swiftly occupying the northern part of the US territory were met with almost fanatical resistance as the local deployments of the US marines under command of the US Admiral Walter C. Cowles who had also organized nearly 42,000 Filipino troops to fight along side the nearly 7000 Marines he had managed to land into the Area.

By mid 1915 the Japanese had reinforced but were unwilling to make any more offensives south, looking on utilizing their local superiority in fleet numbers through them and their allies to cut off the islands and then take them once they had been sufficiently starved and depleted. However, this never came as Admiral Cowles proved to be a shrewd naval commander, managing not only to reverse Japanese gains on smaller US islands, but also utilizing a typhoon in 1915 to not only split up but destroy multiple Japanese ships including their newest Battleship the Yamashiro. The various fleet actions by Admiral Cowles are noted to be some of the most effective of the entire war, as the US having inferior numbers and an inferior position was not only able to reclaim territory but effectively remove the Japanese as a naval threat in the war until early 1916 when it was able to re-deploy many of its now repaired ships. In this time period, however, the US Asiatic fleet was able to redeploy its assets against the meager naval forces remaining in the Pacific and managed to inflict serious losses on the Ententes Pacific naval shipping and light naval assets, with a raid on Sydney even taking place shocking the Australians who believed they were far from the conflict. US trends only reversed on Cowles Death in January of 1915 which forces a new inexperienced admiral onto the scene.

The Naval War of 1916
By the end of 1915 and early 1916 the Germans had not made any new gains in the West and the East didn't see many new gains either. As the French looked to relieve the German assault at Verdun, which had been costing them thousands of lives to defend, the Germans were forced to end the assault as a series of Russian offensives were geared toward relieving the French. However, during this period as well, the Gallipoli campaign was organized, which was an attempt at opening a new front on the Ottomans as well as supplying the Russians who had suffered immensely during the war. The Brusilov Offensive in general had also gone from astounding success to failure in the making as the Russians were unable to support the offensive due to failing supply lines. The Failure of Gallipoli in late April of 1915 forced the Russians to initiate many of the operations independently against a superior German and Austro-Hungarian Force. Only the timely entrance of the Romanians in 1916 pulling threats away from the Russians saved the collapsing front.

By mid 1916 the US having managed to keep the Royal navy at bay had been sending naval groups into the Mediterranean for months which had begun harassing shipping and in one case had shelled French military ships at port. As a Result of this, the French became absolutely convinced they would be seeing an invasion of their southern territories and began a massive naval buildup in the region in an attempt to counteract any potential invasions or other attacks. This, however, led to unprecedented naval buildup that was mirrored across all fronts in the West. A large build up British forces in Newfoundland, and off the coast of Germany, was mirrored by American buildups in Maine, and the Mediterranean, as well as the confirmation of the German High Command that the German High Seas Fleet would leave port for the first time in the war in an attempt to break the British blockade as its first priority, and to tie down a massive portion of the British fleet so the US navy could operate with more freedom.

In June of 1916 all the years massive naval buildup had finally come to the culminating series of naval battles over the course of the month. The First naval battle of the month was the Battle of Jutland, a large fleet action between the British Grand Fleet, and the German High Seas Fleet. Germany was intent on engaging and destroying a portion of the British fleet to allow German Mercantile shipping to once again sail the seas. The British objective remained to engage and destroy the German High Seas fleet or contain it to prevent it from threatening its own shipping. It ended in a rough stalemate putting many British and German ships out of action alongside heavily weakening the British blockade but not ending it. The Second battle was the Battle of Cherbourg which saw the US Atlantic Fleet, engage other parts of the British Grand Fleet, and the elements of the French navy. The Battle also ended in a Bloody but definitive American Victory. The Triple Battle of Toulon, Toronto and Istanbul, all started within minutes of each other and all ended rather inconclusively but did solidify a far reaching American presence in the Mediterranean and opening up Entente shipping to American attack.

The Land War of 1916-1917
By this point in the War, Trench Warfare had become the norm, The Western Front and the North American front were both stalemated by early 1916 and no new gains had truly been made. The Americans were stalled outside of Toronto, and the British had managed to reinforce to the point to extending the defensive lines through parts of the Canadian wilderness, with many believing that the US would try some out of the box adventures through the Canadian wilderness to get a new flank on the Entente Forces. By this point the British had not only reinforced the Western Front in Europe, but had also drawn up thousands of Indian soldiers who were beginning to re-deploy to Canada. The Indian troops were staunchly loyal with many believing in following the British colonial system through and using Indian involvement in the War as enough cause to be granted Home Rule post war. This brought thousands of Indian soldiers into the Americas and Europe as they became a major manpower advantage to the Entente. The 1916 war became a war of land battles with the Entente beginning to launch various offensives with the explicit intent on breaking the Trench warfare and restore a war of movement.

The First two battles were in the Summer of 1916 with the '''Somme and Detroit Offensives. Coordinated to catch the Central powers off guard the Entente also began the Asia Minor Offensive''' at the same time with the goal of hitting as many of the major participants as possible. While initially starting out slow the Offensive came into swing when in August of the Triple Offensive, Mexico funded and coordinated with by the British were co-opted to open up major conflict with the United States, with Britain promising to help Mexico reclaim former glory, new territory in Central America, and promises of post war support economically, and militarily. While somewhat backward and industrially destitute with only a few industries, the US did see the Mexican army launch a major offensive into the US Southwest with Mexico reaching the outskirts of major Texas cities such as San Antonio. However, the advance was stopped south of San Antonio as the US national guard, and elements of the Army stopped the Mexican army dead cold. This was the United States first reported use of chlorine Gas which proved to be the only decisive use of the war. Mexican troops were wholly unprepared, as the small but now strategically superior US forces drove Mexican forces south of the Border only to stop and reinforce to prepare for an offensive into Mexico.

These battles in against Mexico were backed up formally by a massive British Offensive geared toward taking the battle onto American Territory as well as multiple offensives on the Western Front and the Middle East. The multitude of offensive all committed to by at least two powers at a time led to an offensive on other fronts as well, with Serbia and Italy launching their own offensives on Austria-Hungary, and the surprise Reversal of German Armies on the Eastern Polish Frontiers. The multitude of offensives beginning mostly in 1916 all lasted until the final months of 1917. Almost all of them were inconclusive with only the Offensives in Detroit making some serious gains into pushing the US out of Canada only being a few miles from forcing US forces back over the Border.

The massive multi faceted offensives of 1916 did have one major impact on the Central Powers. The various central powers, were extremely distraught by these offensives thinking that due the viciousness of these attacks, the Entente Powers were nowhere near collapse. The US while an effective ally had truly not put enough into the War. This, however, was met with defiance almost immediately as the US acting alone of its allies launched its own string of offensives

1917 American Offensives and Industrial emergence.
The United States in relation to its allies, was spread thin across multiple fronts as it had multiple extremely far away and broad fronts to cover. The US was fighting brutally in Asia, had nearly 1.5 million men involved in the war in Canada and its various occupation movements. Was filling in gaps for various central powers in Western Europe, and was mobilizing for a large pacific and asian campaign. The build up to this was astronomical, with the stalemate in Canada the US and British following the end of the Detroit offensive drew down their previously massive numbers to much smaller concentrations. the forces went from 1.5 million American troops and 1.3 million combined British, Indian and Canadian troops were both drawn down to just 200,000 each as both began to draw down and commit to other fronts realizing no major gains or territorial changes would occur in North America. While the pressure was still there, the US began to focus almost exclusively on Mexico, and the Pacific with tertiary support to Europe.

The US had done quite a bit more work that many of the Central powers actually understood. Due to naval engagements and increased American naval involvement in the Atlantic, the merchant fleets of multiple Central Powers were able to take to the seas again. The German High Seas fleet had also been put to sea in a meaningful way severely straining the British and French fleets. The US had also brought the fight to the Japanese who had their fleet knocked out until midway through 1916. The US began to realize its pivotal role in deciding where and how battles would develop. The British had only undergone reactionary movements against the US for most of the war, and the US had met the Japanese, their only other true combatant in the naval war, directly multiple times, and had decisively knocked the Japanese navy back to their home islands.

The United States in late 1917 unwilling to give the Entente Powers a break, began Operation Typhoon, and Operation Valkyrie. The Two operations were two massive mobilizations of US troops overseas into the Pacific and into the Atlantic. Operation Typhoon would bring nearly 1.2 million US troops to the Pacific geared toward taking on the local colonies, and retaking the Philippines as a forward Base. Operation Valkyrie was a major operation geared toward launching nearly 1.4 million US troops to Europe via Africa, with the expressed intent of sweeping Morocco and Algeria clean of French forces, and embark on a large front opening in Southern France.

Operation Typhoon launched on July of 1917 with the US pacific fleet, reinforced by new ships built on the West coast and some from the East Coast, began to charge across the Pacific. The US fleet for the first time since mid 1915 began to strategically and attempt to decisively engage the British and Japanese fleets. With an open route to the Philippines, the US landed 350,000 troops which reinforced nearly 60,000 exhausted Filipino troops and the remainder of the US marines which had been fighting viciously since 1915. The Remainder of the troops began a massive campaign into Asia as well as an opening into French Indochina and Formosa brought US forces on the doorsteps of both Empires bringing the battle to the rich or important colonies of Japan and France. Initially US forces were slow to get off the ground in Asia, they were forced to bitterly fight in the northern Philippines to evict the remaining Japanese soldiers there.

With the US amassing such large forces in the Area, the French recognized a dire situation developing, the United States had done what was considered impossible. It had carefully managed its Pacific enemies and now had bided its time long enough for its Industrial power to overtake that of the Entente. Since the outset of the War the United States had been undergoing a massive mobilization of its manpower and resources. While it had initially encountered problems with many of its troops under bad doctrine and leadership much like every other power in the war, tactics quickly changed as the US adapted extremely well to the new forms of Warfare. This included, the mass issuing of the Model 1887 trench gun. A Shotgun which was used effectively by the US on multiple occasions. The US industrial strength had boomed to outclass all Entente Powers who had parts of their industrial territories attacked seized, or otherwise harassed for the Duration of the War. The US, however, had not only held back the Commonwealth in Canada but had stalemated the front preventing gains on either front but also preventing the Commonwealth from seizing important northern industrial sites. The US had also begun to accept contracts from various central powers, as American export into Europe while initially dipping soared to nearly 3.7 billion and growing by the end of the War. The US by 1917 was manufacturing a massive surplus in military equipment with enough excess to arm significant forces within the German Army, the US was undergoing massive research projects to develop new weapons, the Americans were not only out producing, but out developing the Entente. By 1918 the US was ready for one final assault paired with the Germans to finish the war once and for all. Specifically due to the German exhaustion due to the re-engagements of the British blockade.

The Spring Offensive
The Spring offensive was the last marketed attempt by the German High command to its Kaiser and military leaders to end the war once and for all. The Germans had initiated the Russian revolution forcing a major ally to withdraw from the War as it fell to Civil war. The Germans were rushing millions of men to the West to meet an exhausted Entente army. By this point the buildup began in the winter of 1917 with the US itself beginning to deploy troops into Europe meeting the new addition of veteran commonwealth troops from the bloody fighting in the North American Front.

The US as well was preparing its own offensive in the Pacific having retaken the Philippines enitrely at the beginning of 1918. The Anglo-French forces mostly consisting of Colonial troops and a small amount of motherland troops, were amassed in the colony of French Indochina. Nearly 350,000 Entente troops backed up by a powerful Japanese Battle group. The US forces consisted of nearly 500,000 troops amassed in the Philippines. Almost all the powers had fully underestimated the Americans ability to reliably project power toward the Pacific, this was fully shattered as an idea as the US not only performed reliably in the Pacific, had effectively held three off the world's best navies off with inferior forces with some good leadership by two different supreme admirals. The Invasion of Indochina  was an unprecedented attack in the heart of all three colonial empires. One of the richest french colonies situated within striking distance (in some cases marching distance) of two other colonial possessions from Britain and Japan. The Battle commenced roughly two weeks before the spring offensive in Europe.

The Invasion of Indochina was a crowning moment in Americas war effort. The US had consistently proven through the whole war that it could hold its own against other colonial powers, but never score a strikingly decisive victory. The US in this regard issued the Asia campaign to be the poster child for its propaganda effort. With so many hero stories and good publicity coming out of the front in Asia the US population was ecstatic. Public opinion shifted toward a Pacific victory, threaten the Core colonies of the British and the war might end decisively. The US generals made it an imperative objective to draw down combat on the North American front and move it toward the Asian theatre and some support to Europe. The US running supplies through the Mediterranean and through Austria had established an effective but singular supply line to its European allies. The US in this regard had also stepped up its deployment in Europe to give an extra boost in manpower to the Germans preparing their own offensive. The US, however, dedicated its most experienced units into Asia as the US invasion began.

The US invasion began with the absolutely destructive Skirmish battle in the south china sea. The now locally superior Naval forces of the US managed to isolate a combined Entente fleet consisting of Japanese, British, and French ships and destroy or force a surrender on multiple ships. The US having destroyed the core of the Entente's defense fleet was thus able to begin its massive amphibious attack on Saigon. While initially light as lack of transport kept US troop numbers low, the initial force of 50,000 was able to establish the Mekong Beachhead with relative Ease. The majority of Land forces stayed within range of the US fleet on the coast and for weeks the US lifted thousands of troops into Vietnam. The US forces starting at 42,000 were able to win multiple decisive engagements with colonial units in the Area. The Second Wave of US forces showed up as the possible collapse of the Mekong Beachhead was underway. Under attack on all sides and having fallen back to their final defensive positions in the trenches, the 2nd wave of US forces disembarked with a new weapon. The 1918 Browning Automatic Rifle proved its worth as a weapon and the Entente forces, not expecting such a versatile weapon suffered severe casualties as the weapon was put onto the field. By the 3rd and 4th waves the French colonial forces were the only military force still undergoing offensives. The US then began the long process of spreading out into French Indochina.

The German military transferring millions of troops back west, was effectively able to re-establish operation superiority into the end of the war. With nearly 200,000 Americans now on the front all armed to the Teeth, the Spring Offensive began in earnest on March 21st. The Anglo-French forces were initially overwhelmed by the mass of troops flooding the battle points. The storm troopers, some of Germanies most veteran troops, armed with new weapons and tactics began a massive attack along the prepared positions, ultimately securing some worthless territory but nonetheless a gain. The German assault was followed up by Fresh American troops who threw almost their entire force into the battle after the Germans did. The US forces were able to follow up on gains by forward German troops. This finally fielded into a successful breakthrough in June as German troops flooded through a gap in the lines toward Paris forcing a General retreat as French Forces began to converge on paris to defend it.

By the Time the Central powers reached Paris, the City had been fortified to the teeth. Trenches were spread before the city, and every vantage point was manned. French forces attempting to hold their capital, were willing to due so at all Costs. The Battle of Paris remains to this day one of the most destructive battles in Human history. Nearly 2.5 million Central Powers troops, converged on Paris with 2.3 million Entente forces spread before them. The Battle was titanic in Scale. The ferocity with which both sides fought turned the originally Successful Spring Offensive into a stalemate. The French threw themselves at the central powers determined to hold the line. The US itself was forced to end its major offensive operations in Mexico and cut back on its commitment to Asia as the ferocity of the battle began to peak. For Weeks the forces around Paris held as the city was reduced to rubble. Some respect remained as many of Paris's historical buildings were avoided. The US forces withdrawing nearly 1.2 million men from different fronts began also to shift its attention heavily into the pitched siege of Paris. The US had advanced far into Mexico reaching the outskirts of Mexico city, and had also re-initiated some offensives into Canada. With the Indochina front going well the US was also forced to draw down the Expeditonary force from its original 500,000 to just 150,000 still facing off against 200,000 Japanese and British Troops. Germany itself practically begged for the US to send troops to the front in Europe.

The French nation in general seemed to invest everything it had into the Battle for Paris. The French army withdrew garrisons from all over the country to replenish the lines in the battle. The French state once thought to be spent from the war, managed to Marshall almost its entire remaining strength in Paris. nearly four million French forces stood ready to engage the 3.7 central powers forces. Augmented by nearly 400,000 Italian forces and another 500,000 Commonwealth forces, the counterattack began in late 1918 pushing on through the winter. The Commonwealth forces searched to nearly a million as the offensive began to gain steam and push the German and US forces back into the trenches. The US having rushed another 1.3 million troops to Europe had managed to deploy nearly 500,000 of them by the time the Winter Counter-Offensive had begun.

Winter Counter offensive and the Wars End
The Winter counteroffensive was one of the most unexpected things of the War. initially inferior, the Entente forces, with special thanks to the French began to regain initiative and momentum as the rallying call "Keep Paris Free" during the siege had brought back a mass outpouring of support for the war. Men not drafted, young or old, came out in the defense of Paris. The military taking anyone armed whoever came. The result of this was nearly 900,000 French killed during the siege mostly military (50,000 civilian casualties are reported due to some families who refused to evacuate the city) The French, however, held the line in Paris even when German forces at one point at reached the Seine river. The French, however, performed one of the most amazing reversals in military history as the now 3.5 million strong French forces support by its allies surged back east retaking territory as the German Spring offensive collapsed. The Battle came back to its original destination as the Trenches around France were re-manned.

It didnt stay like this for long as the French carried on into a massive assault on the German trenches. The fervor the French had gained was recognized and used by their Generals and commanders. Not wishing to waste the patriotic fervor they ordered Frances first offensive since the mutinies against further offensives years previous. The men carried through with the order as 3.5 million French forces slammed on the trenches now manned by 500,000 Americans who had offered to cover the re-organization of the German armies behind the lines. The 500,000 strong American forces was reinforced with the 80,000 fighting able men from the first US expeditionary force. The Entente forces pressed up against the Americans with overwhelming force. Outnumbered greatly the US forces held their ground extremely well but were forced to retreat part of the way into the Winter offensive as French forces began to overwhelm the Siegfried line. The US, however, was able to reinforce with more troops from the homeland but soon as Christmas of 1918 came around, the war was over. The French populace unable to deal with the government pushed on into a massive revolution. The French Army had elements maintain their defensive positions but Germany had encountered its own problems. It had lost nearly 1.5 million men in its Spring offensive and now with issues establishing their satellites to the East, the State of Poland arose in open revolt of this system and began seizing towns and overthrowing and occupying forces. The German state was now total open in the East as it had expended almost all its remaining strength on the Spring offensive. The US now manned a border alone against the remaining Entente forces. The War finally came to an inconclusive end on February 8th 1919. An Inconclusive white peace was established and the interim French and British agreed to let Austria-Hungary deal with Serbia and the Balkans as best it could. The US was forced to withdraw from Germany and with the war over the US was also forced to withdraw to many of its pre-war borders. The US, however, in response seized multiple French and British islands, and refused to leave the now fully American controlled Vietnam. The US while battered made its own peace with the Commonwealth, and Mexico seeking no territorial exchanges nor hard feelings as the US settled into its new position as Britain's equal.

Europe
In Europe, the war had left the whole continent Quiet. Millions of men had died, entire regions had been razed to the ground, and revolutions had broken out. The German Empire was in shambles, it had spent itself broke buying munitions and other thing from the US and to keep itself afloat, and was now exhausted. This exhausted Germany was forced now to deal with a Polish uprising which was threatening the entire system it had just established in the East. With the collapse of the French into Revolution, and the Germans battered badly by the French counteroffensive just months before the Germans settled with the French and the Commonwealth and other Entente Powers. With no major battleground to be had and everyone worse for the wear, the various powers all agreed to collectively end the war with some discrepancies both Ways. Germany was returned all her colonies, and the Central powers were free to deal with Eastern Europe. Bulgaria expanded its borders, and Austria effectively puppeted Serbia, Germany had gained a whole new host of potential satellite states in the East only to have that dream broken by a violently rebellious Poland. This devolved into the War of Polish independence which brought the exhausted but superior Germans into conflict with the newly raised Polish Home army which was determined to gain a free Polish state at any cost.The Balkans were the sight of multiple Central victories from the War. Serbia was now a non threat, and Bulgaria had managed to expand its borders back and beyond what they once were, Seizing Romanian territory as well as territory from Greece.

Middle East and the Ottomans
The Ottoman Empire was undergoing a transformation. With the rise of Mustafa Atatürk, he began to advocate the Empire to attempt to liberalize into a democracy. He called for the removal of the Sultan and his replacement with a republic. The Empire while initially on unstable ground had seen massive US investment during the war, Oil reserves were developed, and various relationships were established that brought the rise of the Ottoman Revolution. The Revolution was relatively bloodless and the Sultan seeing his nation transformed in such a short amount of time, abdicated and turned over control to the Interim government. This revolution saw the first overseas deployment of US forces specifically marines which stood guard in Constantinople to prevent violence from going over the top. This was wildly successful as the various ethnic groups within the former Ottoman empire as well as a few of the Arabian protectorates agreeing to help expand and give legitimacy to this new Middle Eastern State. By 1920 the Interim government had managed to not only create a secular constitution (sponsored heavily by Atatürk as the father of the movement) but one that helped mitigate population differences with dual representation. While not perfect the system initially saw overwhelming support as Atatürk himself was elected as the first president of the Union of Sovereign Islamic Republics.

The USIR was an unprecedented nation created out of the end of the first World War but effectively became solidified with the US recognizing the state. The state, however, did almost immediately start fighting a war against people more inclined to independence within its borders, as well as a protracted war with the British who were coming back around to secure the protectorates which had left their sphere as well as border conflicts in Egypt.

The Russian Revolution
The Russian revolution of 1917 was unprecedented on the backdrop of the Great War. With the great defeats of Russians all across the East without and really true decisive victories, by the 1917 revolution the Russian army was in a state of mutiny, and the empire was ready to break down. The initial revolution brought about a dual system of government between republicans and democratic advocates and the Bolsheviks, which lasted only a short amount of time before the Bolshevik revolution began and established Moscow as the capital of the Russian Soviet State.

By the Time of the signing of Brest-Litovsk treaty, the Soviet Russia then focused on fighting its developing civil war and within four years had taken control of the whole country beginning to expand its reach outward. In 1922 just years after the Civil war and with Soviet political control extending to a few surrounding territories as well, the Soviet Union was created out of the shattered remnants of the Russian empire. While excluding certain parts specifically much of Poland, the Baltics, and parts of Belarus and Ukraine, the Soviet Union was able to begin reasserting itself as a great power picking up the peaces of the Russian state and reforging them.

Territorial Issues
Over the course of the war the United States in particular had taken quite a bit of island territory as well as part of the core of French Indochina creating the Vietnamese commonwealth in its place which brought tension between the US and France to all time highs just directly after the war. Many French believed American seizure of this territory was a massive violation of French authority but the US practically ignored them, managing to turn the Vietnamese down the road toward US influence as the Vietnamese were allowed much more freedom and development as an American puppet than a French colony.

Due to American aggression in holding these territorial boundaries (multiple times almost escalating into a Franco-American conflict) the Entente powers refused any return of territory to Germany seizing her colonies and refusing to return them. Germany remaining the most powerful continental power, but also battered did not dare reignite the war to retake its colonies and abandoned all their colonies except its pacific islands, which it sold to the US. The Various other territorial issues also arose in the Western Hemisphere, as the US had more or less won the North American theatre. American demands were simple, everything must go. This led to hostile reactions from various European colonial states, especially the French and British who were unable to resume control of any colonies the US had seized over the course of the war (which was all of them except French Guiana). The British and French while recognizing they were just recently enemies, asked the former US allies from the central powers to intervene and arbitrate. However, all of them refused, citing the fact that the Entente very well intended to treat them that way if they had lost.

Fuming at the lose of the colonies to the US, the Americans consolidated their gains by outright annexing all these colonies as territories, and directly annexing Cuba as well (in a widely to be believed to be fraudulent plebiscite). The new umbrella of territory effectively sealed the markets of Central America to the US. This almost caused a new war, just months after the end of the Great War. The French and British attempted to land an expeditionary force at their respective Virgin Islands territories only to meet US ships and a warning to leave the area or face military action. The Entente's expedition fleet initially rose to challenge the US fleet, but after seeing more ships beginning to show up, the Entente fleet left but only after leaving a message which was seen as a major diplomatic move, recognizing US sovereignty over the area.

The Overview
By 1921 the vast majority of the wars aftereffects had been felt, creating an extremely foreign and weird situation to much of the World. The Traditional Great powers had all suffered due to the war, and some extremely crazy changes at taken place. Germany by this point had ended its war with Poland letting the Polish state, The Austro-Hungarian Empire was suffering greatly as the Austrian half of the empire began to crumble due to lack of Austrian want to continue the system. This left Hungary in an awkward position of trying to assert its control over the whole of the union. The French had lost a significant amount of an entire generation, it had lost a good chunk out of its colonial Empire primarily to the US, and the industrial regions and French capital region had been absolutely ground up during the war.

The British, Japanese and United States were the only powers standing in the opening of the 1920's. The United States had proven its 1902 engagement with the British wasn't a fluke. The US had carefully chosen its involvement in the Great War, and it had paid off. It had become the largest industrial producer on the planet, it showed more industrial production than the French and Germans combined. Britain lagged behind significantly, having lost millions to the war, and it had its naval dominance decisively challenged by two determined powers. The United States had not only beaten the British at their own game, but it had taken the best Britain had to offer and come back asking for a second round. Atrocious American casualties never reached levels that were lethal to the various other nations, and it had such a large population it could absorb the losses and keep moving as if nothing had happened. The United States with its immediate postwar policies and economic decisions, had eclipsed the British. The US fleet was nearly 30% larger than the British fleet with more Dreadnoughts, the American military had seized colonies across the Pacific and ousted all colonial powers from the Americas with the exception of Guyana. It had also opened up a massive new market to itself, the now open markets of Europe which were now unable to compete, and many had suffered such great loss that they just couldn't produce like they used to.

Rising Powers
With multiple traditional great powers essentially knocked out of the running for a time, various nations attempted to fill in the gaps with the notable exception of Soviet Union, which saw its dynamic and relatively powerful entrance from the depths of such a horrible civil war.

Bulgaria and Poland were two of the most dynamic risers in this time period, with eventually the Kingdom of Hungary joining in later. Bulgaria in particular had come out as decidedly the most stable and powerful remaining state in the Balkans. Austria-Hungary was close to collapse, and the Austrians had begun to pull all support for the union leaving Hungary to cope with the vacuum. The Ottoman Empire was embroiled in what was seen as an "experiment in government" in the Middle East. The Union of Sovereign Islamic States (USIS) had been borne out of Atatürks reforms out of Turkey. The various fledgling republic and tribal states and monarchies (mostly out of the former Ottoman Empire with notable exceptions of House Saud in Arabia which lent its membership when given concessions) the USIS began fighting a low intensity guerrilla war in Arabia and in Egypt's Border Regions to drive the British out of Arabia, and also cause an uprising in Egypt giving the USIS a potential new member, and most definitely a new ally. The USIS was widely ignored by all except the British and the US. The British were fighting to maintain control over protectorates and colonies in the Region, and the US was explicitly investing, industrializing, and propping up the new state.

Bulgaria was another new riser and was met with open hostility in the Balkans its only remaining ally a flagging and heavily unstable Germany. Bulgaria slowly but surely managed to stabilize itself. It had suffered comparatively low casualties compared to any of the other powers, and had proven itself extremely capable of fighting a war well above its level. It had fought the Russians and Romanians alone, and had personally managed to subjugate much of Serbia during the war. It had overcome many of its dispositions with the Ottomans empire and  managed to expand into Greece as well linking up and presenting a united front to the Entente. Bulgaria by 1921 finally managed to turn outward after consolidating its gains. The Bulgarians seeing money pouring into its Islamic neighbor finally agreed to open itself to investment, entering into a very carefully concocted agreement with the United States to allow Bulgaria not only to efficiently industrialize (and still present the US a profit) as well as gain particular support and advising into maintaining control over its many new territories. Bulgaria by this point represented itself as the Third Bulgarian Empire but due to American influence saw many stabilizing factors enter the country including the free and open adoption transforming into a Constitutional Monarchy. Bulgaria by 1927 had not only recovered fully from the Great War but also managed to come out as a rapidly industrializing state and one with a rapidly expanding population with ethnic Bulgarians beginning to enter into a massive population boom.

Poland is yet another success story, with the Polish state reforming itself out of the shell of the Russian Empire. Poland, gaining its freedom from the Russians and just months later the Germans, began Post Great war. It was at war with nearly all its immediate neighbors, as the new German satellite network collapsed. Polish revolt had reduced that to a pipe dream as massive uprising in Poznan, Danzig, Warsaw, and Krakow of the Poles in the area led to the Poles embarking on a war of independence from all influences. The Polish homeland had been torn apart by war for the duration of the Great War and at this point the Polish people had come to the absolute edge of their limit. Warsaw and Krakow had been ruined, The Polish farms lie deserted as people were killed during battles on their land, as well as people running for shelter. In 1919 Józef Klemens Piłsudski, was the de facto leader of the amassing Polish soldiers returning from the Great War due to Russian exit. Józef was unwilling to remain a subject any longer and spent months bringing many veterans and new troops into the fold. By the time of the 1919 mass civilian uprisings, Piłsudski had amassed nearly 300,000 direct supporters and was counting on using his initial numbers to swell his ranks. With the uprisings in Poznan and Danzig adding to the initial uprisings in Krakow and Warsaw, the Poles embarked on the '''Polish war of Independence. '''Germany was wholly unprepared for this, it had left a skeleton force to police and retain its new satellite states in the east only to lose one of the most important ones almost immediately. With massive offensives going on in the West particularly the latent Siege of Paris, and the subsequent Winter Counteroffensive, the Poles under Piłsudski launched a campaign into Danzig and Poznan hoping to reclaim significant numbers of Poles outside the current Polish state.

The War for Polish Independence ended decisively during 1921 as the Poles defeated a core German army near Danzig officially shattering German morale and Spirit. Unable to continue past that point, the new Polish government under Piłsudski claimed victory and occupied the Danzig corridor and Poznan. The German nation next door collapses into anarchy as the revolution to topple the empire began.

Poland spent the next ten years embarking on its own project to modernize and industrialize, managing to secure more eastern territory particularly with the Polish-Lithuanian War which saw the Baltic states concede and join the new Polish state, much to the USSR's chagrin. The Poles also saw a crash course industrialization as well as the implementation of a new unified currency and a massive push to improve Polish infrastructure. Unheard of amounts of deficit spending were poured into Poland by the Polish government. It became so bad that many banking firms (most of them British or American) refused to lend any more money to Poland. This, however, came back with almost record returns not even five years later. The Second Polish Republic under Józef Piłsudski had in such a short time brought Poland from a dis-unified state, to one that was now boasting the best Growth in Europe. This new Polish Ascension brought them to great prominence as even various minorities saw a great improvement in their quality of life. This was not met without its own issues, as a failed Polish expedition farther into the Ukraine ended in disaster, and various unforeseen economic integration issues caused unexpected expenses which initially hampered Polish growth.

Results of the Revolutions
By the End of the First World War, three prime participants in the War, the Germans, Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the French, had all collapsed into some sort of revolution. The French revolution quickly deposed the Republic government with a new one which calmed the French state down quickly with promises of restoring the French nation to its former glory. The German Empire collapsed unceremoniously as the decisive defeat of exhausted German Armies in Poland led to the end of the Polish war of Independence, which brought about the collapse of the royal government of Germany and led to the establishment of the Weimar republic, created to at least Transition Germany into a productive nation once again. The German Revolution of 1921 led to thousands taking to the streets to rip out all vestiges of the old government. The Weimar republic was established quickly as the reform from a Monarchy into a republic, with many deals being struck to prevent further collapse of the German State.

The Austro-Hungarian Empire ended unceremoniously as the Austrians politically unwilling to continue the union allowed the collapse of the empire, with the Habsburg family abdicating as they saw the insurmountable issues facing the nation. The Hungarian half of the empire, was held together by and large by a massive Hungarian undertaking to prevent its various disparate territories from separating. The Hungarians embarked on a seven-year campaign to hold together its empire mobilizing the Hungarian population for a massive multi-faceted conflict. The Hungarian Black Army was formed which saw great early success across the Hungarian state. The only major loss of the Hungarian Army was its expedition into the former Austrian half of the Empire which saw a unified force resist Hungarian expansion into Croatia and Austria. The Hungarian Federation was the eventual reformation of the Hungarian State as it managed to gain the loyalty and some support in exchange for some concessions (and it also was to prevent the advancing Hungarian army from snuffing out the final remnants of organized rebellion). The new Hungarian State rather than purge its rebels offered a solution to the problem. The various ethnicities would all be seen as equals, and each would have their culture respected and they would all join into a Federal system based out of Budapest in order to maintain some sort of potential power base for all these ethnicities to act on. The Hungarian Federation later began to show great growth prior to the Great Depression, but the issues arising from the Depression reversed these gains and brought great hardship to the new state.

The Financial Crash and Depression
In 1929 the World hit a major problem that ripped apart much of the institutions set out by the closing of WW1. By the close of World War 1 the US had become the undisputed financial center of the world. The majority of the "Western World" suffered the worst economic depression of the 20th century.

It began in 1929 with Black Tuesday, the most devastating free fall of the stock market in US history.

The Wall street crash of 1929 saw many peoples fortunes dissappear overnight practically. The excessive attempts of speculation was the real issue as the ever increasing speculation and belief that the Stock Market would rise forever led to some pretty bleak outlooks by the time of the crash. The Stock market crash had a profound impact on nearly all facets of the US economy. Steel production fell by nearly 50%, and agricultural products were cut nearly 60% of their prices. Factories laid off workers to save money, and thousands became unemployed. All attempts to stop the economic free fall failed and the US slipped into massive depression.

The Rest of the world was not much better, nearly every economy in Europe was absolutely destitute as their investments and stock fell to unprecedented lows. The Gold standard which was the main currency denomination of most of the world, was the main vector of the Depression spreading. The various interest rates that were used with loans and other payment plans precipitated a major outflow of gold from various countries, with many such as the British abandoning the Gold standard and instead floating their currency on foreign exchange markets.

The Recovery from the depression didnt truly begin untul 1933 when many countries began to show some positive economic growth again, but did have another issue to contend with, a Global food producer suffering from a major drought, The Dust Bowl. The Dust bowl was caused by ignorant farming practices in the midwest United States and saw a migration of population to the East and West, as they attempted to find work.

The Limping Empire
The Post WW1 world was not kind to the British Empire. Severe hits to her prestige, and economy were precipitated by the end of the war, and it had not only been actively challenged it had gained an unexpected rival which was now her Industrial superior. This was something the British Empire had never truly had to deal with before. It still maintained a powerful and robust military, but the British had been unable to beat the United States. While their main issue with a continental adversary in Europe had been alleviated, it had been replaced entirely by a large American state which had proven it was able to take the fight to european colonies, and wasnt hesitant to seize them either.

This led to the Westminster Conference of 1925, a conference hosted by the British for all her colonies, in an attempt to re-evaluate how the Empire would operate. By this point proponents of the Imperial Federation idea were extremely prominent in the politics of many British colonies and dominions. Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and South Africa all saw significant rise in the Imperial federation idea. the British had not lost the war, but did see some loss and it was perceived lack of centralization was the reasoning for this. Many pro independence supporters were also present, but were actively drowned out as the Federation idealists and the British representatives began to hammer out details of such and agreement. The agreement was finally hammered out with greater sharing of military burden and further centralization of each potential member states economy to support the needed military to maintain the British Empire. The British themselves turned over garrion control to multiple Canadian garrisons in Burma, and other parts Asia to the Canadians and Australians as they began to take on burdens of duty.

The sharing of the burden led to many of the more aristocratic British take offense however with severe curbing by the royal family and parliament, the Aristocracy was essentially silenced being unable to find any real reason to take burden off the British isles proper other than some honor bound reasons. This however did leave it open for the British to heavily expand their Naval capabilities. The US however in an attempt to prevent further armes races invited the Great powers to a meeting in Washington which concluded in the Washington Naval treaty signed in 1923. The Treaty gave the US and British fleets active parity with eachother and a further Ratio on other Great Powers. 5:5:3:3:3:3 was the Ratio and the Japanese almost walked out of the negotiations almost totally unwilling to accept only 60% of their adversaries capital ship fleets. However unwilling to embark on an Arms race with the United States, the Japanese were forced to agree.

While a diplomatic victory for the British limiting all their rivals except the United States to a lesser ship count, the status of the United States as an extremely powerful but once again isolationist state brought about by the populations unwillingness to actively get involved abroad. The British by this point however were able to finnegle their military power specifically with the naval aspect as it began a massive undertaking to not only have the most modern navy, but the most well trained, regaining the title it held for the majority of the 19th century. The US in other regards are mothballed nearly half its fleet due to lack of need and eventually also due to the Great Depression.

The British by the time of the Great Depression had taken some of the most prolific steps towards recovery, however it sufferred just as much as it attempted to right itself economically from the death throes it was in not a few years ago. The British empire in its old form, was a wounded animal entering its death throes. In 1931 in an attempt to further right the economic issues of the empire an unprecedented move was drafted. The British issued the Statute of Westminster, which opened up the option to all, but was directed at Canada. Canada was offered to be an outright equal partner of the United Kingdom, and would gain seats in parliament, mass political representation, direct economic investment, and many other benefits (this would in turn hopefully jumpstart some British industry and capital again). Canada accepted after 2 weeks of deliberation on the  condition some minor sections were renegotiated. The British also agreed and the United Kingdom expanded across the Sea much to the Chagrin of the United States.

The Iron Eagle Rises
In 1921 following the de facto stalemate in the First World War, as well as the loss of terrtory to the Polish in their war of independence, the Kaiser and the royal government was deposed with expressed intent to create a republic. The Weimar republic was built off of this with a series of alliances and coalition built up in an attempt to secure the governments legitimacy. The Weimar republic saw some stability through the 20's but ultimately Germany remained a shell of its former self with various protests and riots breaking out almost every week. Germany itself had spent itself into oblivion fighting the First World War as well as the Polish War of independence. The Germans had subsequently suffered extreme casualties, as well as losses of territory, and was deeply in debt having borrowed much of its war time spending from the United States. The interest on these payments alone was cause for alarm as the Germans made every attempt to avoid paying the American banks.

The German political spectrum was a mix of moderate, and radical elements with the most prominent being Communists, and the newly rising Fascists. The National Socialist Party eventually renamed the Nazi Party in 1921, was created in 1919 and began to gain real traction in 1921 culminating in a coup attempt by a young Adolf Hitler who attempted to seize control of the government but was in fact imprisoned after it failed. The Nazi party some some major fall off after this but when released in 1924 Hitler began to rebuild the Nazi party from the ground up, attempting to gain power Legally.

When the Great depression hit and American banks issued their demands to pay up on debt to the Germans, the German economy fell into free fall with Hitler being able to step in and begin crafting his rise to power. In this time period he published his book Mein Kampf which detailed his political agenda and his platform, the book sold relatively well. By 1933 the Nazis managed to gain not a majority but a good amount of seats in the German Reichstag which had them ruling in a short lived political coalition.