Carl Gustaf Hammarskjöld (1814: Norwegian Independence)

Carl Gustaf Hammarskjöld (22 April, 1865 – 27 February, 1940) was a Swedish military officer and conservative politician, that served as Prime Minister and Marshal of the Realm under the Swedish military dictatorship.

Hammarskjöld gained a reputation serving in the Great War against Norway, since the Swedish Army managed to conquer both Fredrikshald and Fredrikstad under his command. With the Swedish defeat, he, among with other conservative generals, saw it as the fault of pacifist socialists and other traitorous elements.

Hammarskjöld represented the conservative right-wing in the Riksdag from 1918 to 1920 in the lower house, and from 1925 to 1932 in the upper house. Seeing the growth of the Social Democrats and other left-wing parties during the 1920s, Hammarskjöld begun to organize a domestic national defence group among the military officiers, that can be able to defend Sweden from socialism. When the Social Democrats won the 1932 election, Hammarskjöld enacted the coup.

The 1932 Military Coup
In October 1932, soldiers under the command of Hammarskjöld arrested the new social democratic Prime Minister and, with the king's blessing, overthrew the Government. Leading Social Democrats would either have to flee into excile, be executed or imprisoned. The liberal Carl Gustaf Ekman was picked as Prime Minister before the December 1932 elections.

Hammarskjöld met much opposition, with revolts among the working class. These was after a year put down. Hammarskjöld managed to ally himself with conservative, agrarian and nationalist politicians in the Riksdag, and together the National Protection Alliance was formed. The NFA won the November 1932 elections and Carl Gustaf Hammarskjöld was picked as Prime Minister of Sweden.