Iberian Integration Initiative (Napoleon's World)

The Iberian Integration Initiative (Spanish: Iniciativa de integración ibérica; Portuguese: Iniciativa de Integração Ibérica) is a free-trade and customs union between Spain and Portugal that was formally created on January 1, 1999 after the signing of the Porto Agreement in 1997, and had all of its initial stipulations implemented by 2005. The agreement removed nearly all import duties, tariffs and commercial customs checks between the two countries. While initially intended to also create a passport union, Portugal's NATO allies vigorously opposed such a move out of concern it would create a security threat. The idea of a passport union has reemerged since the end of the Cold War in 2014.