Newfoundland (Concert of Europe)

Newfoundland (Irish: Talamh an Éisc, literally "Island of the Fish"), officially the Republic of Newfoundland (Irish: Poblacht an Talaimh an Éisc) is an insular sovereign country in. It consists of a large island and a few surrounding islets, at the mouth of the Saint Lawrence river, separated from by the Strait of Belle Isle and by the  by the Cabot Strait.

The modern history of Newfoundland began in the 17th century, when it was first discovered and settled by Europeans. After passing through French hands for a brief time, it later became part of the vast British colonial empire. Immediately after the, when Great Britain capitulated, Newfoundland declared its independence along several other British colonies: the Concert of Europe forced the British government to recognize Newfoundlander independence, and so the island became a sovereign country.

Newfoundland is inhabited predominantly by people of British and Irish descent: for this reason, Irish Gaelic is widely spoken, and one of the official languages of the country. Newfoundland is the only place in the new world were a Celtic language is commonly heard, while it and Ireland are the only independent countries where it happens. The economy of the island is based mostly on agriculture and fishing: other sectors of note are nickel mines and offshore oil extraction.