Principia Moderni III (Map Game)

​Principia Moderni, or "The Beginning of the Modern" in Late Latin, was a map game beginning in the final days of the Middle Ages in Europe, and the early days of the Ming Dynasty in China - in 1400 C. E, a turbulent era; in other words, an era of change; an era in which power is cemented. The first game was perhaps the most successful map game on the wiki in terms of length, finishing without dying and plausible expansions. However, it did have its problems, and has now finished. The second game, instead of being a worthy successor to the first, was marred by over-expansionism, feuds between players, ambiguity in the rules, which often caused controversy on wars between player nations, over-competitiveness, and overall inactivity of the moderators, but was nevertheless successful in reaching the Modern Age. And thus, this third installment has been created. Welcome to Principia Moderni III!

Active

 * 1) Andr3w777
 * 2) Collie Kaltenbrunner (Moderator-in-Chief, Assistant Mapmaker)
 * 3) Callumthered
 * 4) Commandante Lemming
 * 5) CourageousLife
 * 6) Fedelede
 * 7) Feudalplague (Algo Mod, ASB Hunter, Mapmaker)
 * 8) Monster Pumpkin
 * 9) Mscoree (Moderator and Mapmaker)
 * 10) Scandinator (Mapmaker, Disaster Mod)
 * 11) Sine dei gloriem (Moderator and Mapmaker)

Honorary

 * AwesomePeruvian
 * Cosman246 (creator of the first game)
 * Detectivekenny (moderator-in-chief of the first game)
 * Galaguerra1
 * PitaKang
 * LurkerLordB (moderator-in-chief of Principia Moderni II until about 1580)
 * VonGlusenburg
 * Scrawland Scribblescratch (Mapmaker only)
 * CrimsonAssassin

Current Map
As a note to everyone, do not edit the map unless you are authorized as a mapmaker. Inability to follow this rule will be met with action. "This is not your grave  but you are welcome in it. " 00:00, April 10, 2014 (UTC)

Remember to align the map to the center! Bfoxius (talk)

Please use the posted map as the Base map for editing from now on please. -Feud



Sign-ups

 * See Also: Territories 

Western Europe (France and Iberia)

 * Lordship of Albret --
 * Andorra --
 * Anjou (Personal Union under Provence) --
 * Brittany -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Spanish Confederation
 * Castile --
 * Aragon (Personal Union under Castile) --
 * Kingdom of Granada (Annexed into Castile) --
 * Foix (Personal Union with Andorra) --
 * French Monarchy (Predominant French control, Still some nations away from direct monarchic control)
 * Alençon (Dynastic Union with Valois) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Angoulême (No Ruler, governed by Valois) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Armagnac (Dynastic Union with Valois) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Auvergne (Personal Union with Berry, Vassal of France) -- Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Berry (Dynastic Union with Valois, Vassal of France) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Blois (Personal Union under Orléans with France) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Bourbon (Dynastic Union with Valois) Vassal of France -- Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Duchy of Burgundy (Personal Union with France)-- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Dunois (Personal Union under Orléans with France) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Forez (Personal Union under Bourbon, Vassal of France) -- Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * France: -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * La Marche (Dynastic Union with Bourbon) --
 * Nemours (Personal Union with Armagnac) -- Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Nevers (Dynastic Union with Burgundy) --
 * Orléans (Dynastic Union with Valois, Vassal of France) -- Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Parthenay (Vassal of Orléans) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Périgord (Personal Union under Orléans) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Rodez (Personal Union with Armagnac) -- Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Valois -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Vendôme (Personal Union under La Marche) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Limoges --
 * Portugal -- Collie Kaltenbrunner (talk)
 * Saluzzo (Vassal of France) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Kingdom of the Netherlands-- With Blood and Iron (talk)

Northern Europe (Britain and Scandinavia)

 * UNC
 * Denmark -- Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svgLabarum.jpgCrimsonAssassin- I have special eyes
 * Sweden -- Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svgLabarum.jpgCrimsonAssassin- I have special eyes
 * Norway -- Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svgLabarum.jpgCrimsonAssassin- I have special eyes
 * Schleswig -- Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svgLabarum.jpgCrimsonAssassin- I have special eyes
 * Sligo --
 * Thomond --

Albion

 * Eire -- Bfoxius (talk)
 * England-- Trust Me, I'm The Doctor (talk)
 * Wales -- Trust Me, I'm The Doctor (talk)
 * Dublin -- Trust Me, I'm The Doctor (talk)
 * Scotland -- Trust Me, I'm The Doctor (talk)

Holy Roman Empire

 * Alpine HRE States
 * Aargau --
 * Austria -- Mscoree (talk)
 * Basel -- Vassal of France Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Cilli (Vassal of Hungary) -- [[Image:1.png|23px]]Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Freibourg --
 * Montfort --
 * Swiss Confederacy -- Daeseunglim (talk)
 * Salzburg -- (Vassal of Austria) Mscoree (talk)
 * Wallis --
 * Bohemian HRE States (Vassal states to Bohemia, except Moravia)
 * Bohemia -- (Personal Union with Austria) Millgy/Mscoree (talk)
 * Moravia -- (Dynastic Union with Bohemia) -- Mscoree (talk)
 * Silesia --  (Vassal of Bohemia) -- Mscoree (talk)
 * Lusatia -- (Vassal of Bohemia) -- Mscoree (talk)
 * Frankish HRE States
 * Bar --
 * County of Burgundy -- (Personal union under the Duchy of Burgundy) -- Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Cambrai (Bishopric) --
 * French Flanders -- (Artios, and the lands south of the county of Flanders, Personal Union with Burgundy) -- Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Lorraine -- (Vassal of Burgundy) -- Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Luxembourg -- (Personal Union under Moravia) -- Mscoree (talk)
 * Straßburg -- (Vassal of Austria)
 * Sundgau -- (Consolidated with Strassburg)
 * Verdun -- (Vassal of France) -- Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria
 * Bayern-Ingolstadt (Vassal of Bavaria) -- Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Bavaria (Bayern-Landshut) -- Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Bayern-Munchen (Vassal/Personal Union of Bavaria) -- Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Bayern-Straubing (Vassal of Bavaria) -- Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Burgau (Vassal of Bavaria) Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Nürnburg (Vassal of Bavaria) -- Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Burggraschaft (Vassal of Bavaria) -- Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Bamberg (Vassal of Bavaria) -- Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Würzburg (Vassal of Bavaria) -- Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Thuringia (Vassal of Bavaria) -- Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Saxony (Vassal of Bavaria) -- Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Cleves-Mark (Vassal of Koln)
 * Köln --
 * Grand Duchy of Hesse
 * Hesse -- Blocky858 (talk)
 * Lippe -- Blocky858 (talk)
 * Bruchhausen -- Blocky858 (talk)
 * Bremen -- Blocky858 (talk)
 * Neu Lippe -- Blocky858 (talk)
 * Berg -- Blocky858 (talk)
 * Neu Bremen -- Blocky858 (talk)
 * Neu Bruchausen -- Blocky858 (talk)
 * Ludwig Insels -- Blocky858 (talk)
 * German HRE States (Under construction)
 * Augsburg -- (Vassal of Austria) Mscoree (talk)
 * Bamberg --
 * Brandenburg (Personal Union under Moravia) Mscoree (talk)
 * Bremen (Bishopric) --
 * Burggrafschaft --
 * Duchy of Hamburg -- I am that guy (talk)
 * Holstein (Vassal of Hamburg)
 * Jülich -- (Vassal of Trier)
 * Magdeburg (Prince-Bishopric) (Vassal to Hamburg) --
 * Mainz (Prince-Bishopric) -- (Vassal of Austria) Mscoree (talk)
 * Mecklenburg (Personal union with Hamburg) --
 * Munster (Prince-Bishopric, Vassal Of Hesse) -- Blocky858 (talk)
 * Oldenburg -- Callumthered (talk)
 * Osnabrück (Prince-Bishopric) (Vassal of Oldenburg)-- Callumthered (talk)
 * Paderborn (Prince-Bishopric, Vassal of Hesse) -- Blocky858 (talk)
 * Pfalz (Vassal of Austria) Mscoree (talk)
 * Pomerania (Vassal of Austria) - Mscoree (talk)
 * Trier (Prince-Bishopric)-- NonEuclidean ツ (Talk)
 * Zweibrücken (Vassal of Trier)
 * Swabia (Vassal of Austria) - Mscoree (talk)
 * Italian HRE States
 * Corsica (Personal Union under Italy) -- Saturn (Talk) 18:22, May 29, 2014 (UTC)
 * Ferrara (Vassal of Italy) -- Saturn (Talk) 18:22, May 29, 2014 (UTC)
 * Genoa (Personal Union under Italy) -- Saturn (Talk) 18:22, May 29, 2014 (UTC)
 * Lombardy -- Tr0llis (talk)
 * Modena (Vassal of Italy) -- Saturn (Talk) 18:22, May 29, 2014 (UTC)
 * Padua -- (Vassal of Milan) Tr0llis (talk)
 * Ravenna -- (Vassal of Milan) Tr0llis (talk)
 * Provence -- Saturn (Talk) 18:22, May 29, 2014 (UTC)
 * Tuscany (Vassal of Italy)  -- Saturn (Talk) 18:22, May 29, 2014 (UTC)

Southern Europe (Italy and the Balkans)

 * Aegina (Annexed by the Roman Empire) -- MP
 * Albania (Vassal of the Roman Empire) -- Monster Pumpkin
 * Arborea --
 * Athens (Annexed by the Roman Empire) -- MP
 * Bosnia (Vassal of Hungary) -- [[Image:1.png|23px]]Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Bulgaria (Vassal of Rumania) -- Stephanus rex (talk) 22:46, March 26, 2014 (UTC)
 * Roman (Byzantine) Empire -- Monster Pumpkin
 * Candia (Annexed by the Roman Empire) -- MP
 * Corfu (Annexed by the Roman Empire) -- MP
 * Croatia (Personal Union with Hungary) -- [[Image:1.png|23px]]Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Epirote Republic (Vassal of the Roman Empire) -- MP
 * Garay (Vassal of Hungary) -- [[Image:1.png|23px]]Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Hungary -- [[Image:1.png|23px]]Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Italy --
 * Naxos (Vassal of the Roman Empire) -- MP
 * Negroponte (Annexed by the Roman Empire) -- MP
 * Vatican City (Vassal of Italy) -- Saturn (Talk) 18:22, May 29, 2014 (UTC)
 * Ragusa (Vassal of the Roman Empire) -- MP
 * Rumania (Principia Moderni III Map Game) -- Stephanus rex (talk)
 * Sardinia -- (Personal Union) Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Serbia (Vassal of Hungary) -- [[Image:1.png|23px]]Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Sicily
 * Split (Vassal of Hungary) -- [[Image:1.png|23px]]Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Kingdom of Venezia
 * Zachlumia (Vassal of Hungary) -- [[Image:1.png|23px]]Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Zeta (Vassal of Italy) -- Saturn (Talk) 18:22, May 29, 2014 (UTC)

Eastern Europe

 * Courland -- Yank
 * Great Perm (Vassal of the Tartary) -- Fed (talk)
 * Tatar Empire -- Fed (talk)
 * Lithuania (Vassal of Muscovy) -- Fritzmet (talk) 02:45, April 20, 2014 (UTC)
 * Mazovia (Prussian Vassal) -- Yank
 * Muscovy - Fritzmet (talk) 02:45, April 20, 2014 (UTC)
 * Novgorod --
 * Rostov (Vassal of Novgorod) --  ...  Razor  - the Razor Nabil.png
 * Yaroslavl (Vassal of Novgorod) --  ...  Razor   -  the Razor  Nabil.png
 * Osel-Wiek --
 * Poland -- [[Image:1.png|23px]]Imp (Say Hi?!) 16:38, March 31, 2014 (UTC)
 * Pskov -- -Lx (leave me a message)Azarath Flag.png
 * Prussia -- Yank
 * Tver (Vassal of Novgorod) --  ...  Razor   -  the Razor  Nabil.png

Anatolia and Caucasia

 * Principality of Amier-Kavkasia (Vassal of Georgia) -- "Tom" TankOfMidgets (talk)
 * Ak Koyunlu (White Sheeps) -- Reserved (SwankyJ)
 * Kingdom of Armenia (Dynastic Union with Georgia) -- "Tom" TankOfMidgets (talk)
 * Cyprus (Vassal of Castile) --
 * Dulkadir (Vassal of Ottomans) -- Reserved (SwankyJ)
 * Sultanate of Erzincan (Vassal of Ottomans) -- Reserved (SwankyJ)
 * Kingdom of Georgia -- "Tom" TankOfMidgets (talk)
 * Kaffa (Annexed by the Roman Empire) -- MP
 * Kara Koyunlu (Black Sheeps; Vassal of Ottomans) -- Reserved (SwankyJ)
 * Karaman --
 * Mardin --
 * Ottoman Sultanate -- Reserved (SwankyJ)
 * Principality of Rani (Vassal of Georgia) -- "Tom" TankOfMidgets (talk)
 * Ramazan --
 * Tekke (Annexed by the a Roman Empire) -- MP
 * Burjid Sultanate - This is UglyTurtle, Signing off. 03:13, May 14, 2014 (UTC)

Mesopotamia

 * Mansuriyya Caliphate -- Flag_of_South_Korea.png PitaKang-  My Life for Aiur!   En Taro Tassadar  22:12, April 1, 2014 (UTC)
 * Grand Principality of Assyria (Vassal of Georgia) -- TankOfMidgets (talk)
 * Muzaffarid Dynasty --
 * Aleppo Eyalet --

Arabia

 * Caliphate of Mecca -- Captainjohnrex (talk) 13:51, May 27, 2014 (UTC)
 * Caliphate of Madinah -- User: HeiligReich (talk)
 * Oman - FP(problem?)
 * Yemen -- Spartian300 (talk) 11:10, May 24, 2014 (UTC)
 * Province of Judea (a Province of Alexandria ATM) g greg e   (talk)  16:05, April 12, 2014 (UTC)

Central Asia

 * Safavid Empire -- Scarlet Outlaw
 * Khanate of Bukhara --
 * Khanate of Khiva -- Scarlet Outlaw
 * Shahdom of Verkana -- Willster22 (User talk:Willster22)

South Asia

 * Andhra --
 * Bastar --
 * Bahmani -- GlobalConqueror (talk) 14:36, May 23, 2014 (UTC)
 * Bengal Sultanate -- &#34;SO SAYETH THE EAGLE&#34; - Fascist Eagle ಠ_ಠ (talk)
 * Emirate of Andamana -- &#34;SO SAYETH THE EAGLE&#34; - Fascist Eagle ಠ_ಠ (talk)
 * Rajya of Orissa -- &#34;SO SAYETH THE EAGLE&#34; - Fascist Eagle ಠ_ಠ (talk)
 * Swargadeo of Kamarumpa -- &#34;SO SAYETH THE EAGLE&#34; - Fascist Eagle ಠ_ಠ (talk)
 * Chutiya --(Vassal of Tibet) --
 * Dhundhar (Disorganized) --
 * Gondwana --
 * Gujarat --
 * Gwalior --
 * Jaffna --
 * Jaisalmer -
 * Kathiawar --
 * Khandesh --
 * Kozhikode --
 * Malwa --
 * Marwar (personal union with the Mughal Empire)  --
 * Mewar (Disorganized) --
 * Raigam (Disorganized) --
 * Mughal Empire (personal union with Marwar) --

East Asia

 * The Great Liao Empire -- Ninjasvswarriors (talk)
 * Western Chagatai Khanate (Vassal of the Tartary) -- Fed (talk)
 * Eastern Chagatai Khanate (Vassal of Oirats) -- Joined Oirat--> Joined Liao
 * Haixi Jurchens (Vassal of China) -- Scandinator (talk)
 * Hualian --
 * Japan (civil war between the Daimyos, highly decentralized) **
 * Akamatsu --
 * Amago --
 * Fusahito Theocracy -- Ozymandias2 (talk) 13:22, April 14, 2014 (UTC)
 * Hatekeyama --
 * Imagawa --
 * Kamakura --
 * Kikuchi --
 * Mogami --
 * Oda --
 * Otomo --
 * Ouchi --
 * Satake --
 * Shimazu --
 * Shoni --
 * Takeda --
 * Uesugi --
 * Manchu Empire --
 * Korea (Vassal of China) -- Scandinator (talk)
 * Ming China -- Scandinator (talk)
 * Mongol Khanate (Vassal of China) -- Scandinator (talk)
 * Mangut Nivkhgu --
 * Ryukyu --
 * Tainan (Vassal of China) -- Scandinator (talk)
 * Tibet --

South-East Asia

 * Ayutthaya --
 * Dai Viet -- Harvenard2 (talk) 22:48, April 25, 2014 (UTC)
 * Khmer Empire (Vassal of China) -- Scandinator (talk)
 * Lan Xang (Vassal of China) -- Scandinator (talk)
 * Lanna --
 * Pegu (Vassal of China) -- Scandinator (talk)
 * Shan States --
 * Sukhothai (Vassal of Ayutthaya) --
 * Taungoo --

Asian Islands

 * Aceh (Vassal of Ayutthaya) --
 * Aru (Vassal of Ayutthaya) --
 * Bima --
 * Bone --
 * Brunei -- Linq (talk) 04:51, May 13, 2014 (UTC)
 * Kutai --
 * Majapahit (Vassal of Ayutthaya) --
 * Makassar --
 * Minahasa --
 * Negara Dipa --
 * Pagaruyung --
 * Selebar --
 * Siak (Vassal of Ayutthaya) --
 * Sukadang --
 * Sunda --
 * Tidore --
 * Tondo --
 * Tulang Bawang --
 * Timor (Vassal of Marrukuwuyanga) -- RexImperio (talk) 07:02, May 16, 2014 (UTC)

North Africa

 * Banu Sulaym --
 * Hungarian Banu Sulaym (Hungarian Vassal) -- [[Image:1.png|23px]]Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Gasfa --
 * Sultanate of Tunisia --
 * Kingdom of Morocco -- (Vassal of Castile And Member of the Spanish Confederation)
 * Zab --
 * Zayyanid --
 * Alexandria - g greg e   (talk)  01:07, April 4, 2014 (UTC)
 * Aiguptia (Dynastic Union with Alexandria, Vassal) g greg e   (talk)  19:37, April 6, 2014 (UTC)

West Africa

 * Borgu --
 * Ghana -- Matt121 ??? Matt125 (talk) 23:45, June 1, 2014 (UTC)
 * Ife --
 * Igala --
 * Jenne --
 * Kanem Empire --
 * Kwararafa --
 * Mema --
 * Mossi --
 * Nupe --
 * Oyo Empire -- Flag of the Hurian Federation.pngorius: "I don't need a slogan"
 * Salum --
 * Siine --
 * Songhay --
 * Takur --
 * Tuareg --
 * Wolof --
 * Zafunu --
 * Kingdom of the Kongo --

South Africa

 * Great Zimbabwe -- VonGlusenburg (talk to Von!) 16:32, April 6, 2014 (UTC)

East Africa

 * al-Sumal  --
 * Ethiopia (Personal Union with Alexandria) -- g greg e   (talk)
 * Iritriya --
 * Interlacustrine States (fragmented) --
 * Madagasikara League -- Reximus55
 * Empire of Madagasikara -- Reximus55
 * Sofala (Vassal) -- Reximus55
 * Toamisina (Vassal) -- Reximus55
 * Dina Morgabin (Colony) -- Reximus55
 * Dina Arobi (Colony) -- Reximus55
 * Pembara (Colony) -- Reximus55
 * Betsileo (Dynastic Union) -- Reximus55
 * Swahili City-States **
 * al-Swahili --
 * Dar es Salaam --
 * Kilwa --
 * Malindi (Swahili Vassal) --
 * Maputo --
 * Mozambique --
 * Mtwara --

Southern Africa

 * |on -- Saamwiil, the Humble

TBN (Australasia)

 * Marrikuwuyanga - User:RexImperio

TBN (Pacific)

 * Otago Maori --
 * Tonga
 * Tahiti
 * Samoa
 * Hawaii --

TBN (North America)

 * Banche Esterno (Survivior of the Italian Downfall, independent) -- Saturn (Talk) 00:49, June 2, 2014 (UTC)
 * Cahokian Civilization -- Kiwi884 (talk) 00:40, May 21, 2014 (UTC)
 * Colordao Civilization --
 * Eastern Moundville Civilization (Vassal of the Cahokia) -- Kiwi884 (talk) 00:40, May 21, 2014 (UTC)
 * Etowah Civilization (Vassal of the Cahokia) -- Kiwi884 (talk) 00:40, May 21, 2014 (UTC)
 * Iroquois (disorganized) --
 * Lenni Leppei (disorganized) --
 * Parkin Civilization (Vassal of the Cahokia) -- Kiwi884 (talk) 00:40, May 21, 2014 (UTC)
 * Western Moundville Civilization (Vassal of the Cahokia) -- Kiwi884 (talk) 00:40, May 21, 2014 (UTC)
 * Natigoseg L'nu -- Krasnoyarsk (talk) 11:26, April 13, 2014 (UTC)

TBN (Central America)

 * Atlocuapo (disorganized) --
 * Aztec Empire -- SwankyJ (talk) 00:51, May 17, 2014 (UTC)
 * Guaymi -- Dr Cow Andrew (talk) 16:58, May 31, 2014 (UTC)
 * Yucatan -- Feudalplague
 * Ngobe-Bugle (Vassal and personal union with Guaymi) --
 * Zapotecs -- CourageousLife (talk)

TBN (South America)

 * Aymaras (Fragmented) --
 * Chiribaya -- User:Jd2842
 * Tawatinsuyu (Inca Empire) -- What is this????Is this a signature??? (talk)
 * Vorlayacor -- IhaveSonar (talk) 19:26, March 24, 2014 (UTC)
 * Mapuche:

Wall of Shame
This list is for users currently prohibited from participating in the game.
 * User: Arceus The God of Pokemon :- permanent ban for sockpuppetting on the first game.
 * User: Eldwolf : permanent ban for deleting the entire page of the first game and replacing it with profanities.
 * User: Twisty123456789 : permanent ban for sockpuppeting on the second game.
 * User: Ratc3333 : permanent ban for sockpuppeting.
 * User: Vivaporius : week-long ban for repeated offence of implausibility and disregarding mod consensus.

1510
In England the first recorded fatal accident involving a gun is recorded at Welton, East Riding of Yorkshire.

'''Following Hesse’s seemingly expansionist invasion of Münster, several of Hesse’s enemies from the Westphalian Revolt mobilize to combat them. The Archbishop of Köln declares war, and Saxony and Thuringia are asked for their support.'''
 * Portugal: Continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Leiname. By this time, the colony in Leiname starts to export wheat to Portugal. Meanwhile, some Portuguese explorers continue to explore the African coast. The Açores continue to be settled. Meanwhile, the new ships that been developed, called naus, and that are similar to the Castilian carracks, begin to be used. Naval explorations directed to the west continue, after news that new lands may have been found there. Meanwhile, Santa Cruz expands north by 1800 sq km. Meanwhile, pau-brasil (brazilwood) starts to be extracted in the colony. Meanwhile, the colony of São Sebastião expands 200 sq km. Meanwhile, Portugal accepts Oyo's offer.
 * |onte continues to have a large surplus of grain. Though adopting "western farming", the idea of "the tribe" is still very much so alive, as people always share the crops they have grown, or the animals they have hunted amongst the community. Mon's children advocate the planting of trees in small groves. Throughout the year, Mon's children go elephant hunting, though it is very dangerous, as they are hunting them with arquebuses, and the whole process requires much co-ordination. However, the results are said to be spectacular, as the tribe gains new wealth in the collected ivory, and the elephant meat is considered a rarity. The season resulted in six elephants being killed. The elephant pen is finished this year, providing a stable, easy source of elephants that provide both meat and ivory. Much of the younger generation knows how to hunt, and begin to help their parents, increasing the prosperity of the tribe. Not only do they know how to hunt, but in accordance with tribal tradition, each one of them may become a warrior if the need be, trained both in the arquebus and the bow, though the arquebus is gaining much ground against the arrow. |onte is becoming very rich with money made from elephant hunting, as they have nothing to spend the money on. Ma-n!o continues to police his "Rikisi-ate", hunting down the remaining native men. Niko sends coconuts to |onte at a cheap price. |on is taught by the tribesmen to their new wives and children. Mon II begins teaching children in the vicinity of the Kunene how to read, causing great interest amongst children of these strange characters, that give them a new form to play. Debarubo takes time to consolidate the recently earned lands, and raiding his new frontiers. Debarubo plays with the concept of claiming his family as the "Rikisis" of |onte. |onte's population rises to over 10,000.
 * Prussia: The Prussians begin to develop their military. The Prussians continue to build their new navy.
 * Courland: The Curonians also continue developing their military.
 * Estland: Ossel-Wiek also continues developing their military. Duke Franz continues to reshape the face of Arensburg.
 * Grand Duchy of Hamburg: The government officially condemns the Hessian invasion, Count Heinrich responded, "Hesse, didn't you learn from the Westphalen Revolt? These states don't want you to rule them." The Hamburg diplomats are recalled from Ludwigsburg. The economy continues to recover.
 * Duchy of Mecklenburg: Military expanded.
 * Magdeburg: Military expanded.
 * Neue Lüneburg: Trade increases.
 * Williamsburg: Expands by 4 px.
 * Aztec Empire: With the disease ravaging the people. We are exhuberent to receive the assistance of the Spanish. The infrastructure is expanded. The great and loved and revered, Emperor Cuauhtemoc dies at the age of 60. The population has leveled itself this year, remaining at 2.7 million. Cuauhtemoc's eldest son, the military genius, Tezcacoatl takes over becoming Emperor Tezcacoatl I. His younger brother, Quatzecoatl changes his name to Cuauhtemoc II in respect of his loving father. Losing Atlocuapo, and northern regions of Atotonilco, have been catastrophic. We begin rebuilding some of the military bases, as nature has begun to intertwine itself inside it. The large arrays of hospitals are cherised. The people look to the new Emperor Tezcacoatl I, who like his father, Cuauhtemoc I, favors one god, quite similar to these foreigners. Tezcacoatl I believes embracing the Spaniards religion is the right way to go, making it easier to form more postive relations. The Emperor is intercepted by a Pskovian explorer named Fedoro, the audience is uneasy, as the Emperor is completely surrounded by the Elite guards, Jaguar Warriors. Language and communication between the two is difficult, but some things are learned, as the way they dress, and the more significance in detail in more powerul individual's clothes and armor. The Emperor opens his people up to the idea of a new religion, and the majority of the capital, begin to grow warm to it. We ask the Emperor Tlaco II to continue our prosperous alliance which has lasted over 100 years. We request the Spanish to teach us their religion, and some of the information about their world. We offer more silver to the Spanish that have been helping us combat disease. The old idea of the elders, of limiting and segregating sick people is put into use. Hospitals are up in havoc, with the cases having to be dealt with. Many in the eastern part of empire, pick up a few words in Spanish, but mainly just slang and terms which would be hard to use, as it was just bits and parts of the Spanish Knight's discussions.
 * The Kingdoms of Great Albion (Scotland and England) - member nation of the UKGA: Many ships are modernized and replaced to keep the Royal Albion Navy a powerful force on the high seas. Port Edmundburg continues to experience a growth in population. Albionic settlers continue to explore the surrounding areas. The dialect of English originally found in Scotland and the Eire grows so large that it covers most of the North of England. This new dialect is called Bythigish (portmanteau of Brython and English). English nobles begin to enjoy the Celtic myths of Eire and Scotland. The Templar Order continues to undercut the King's enemies and seeks ways to privately grow the power of the King and Albion as a whole. The Order buys up many smaller businesses and collectivizes some farms. The Order begins to expand into other areas of Europe, seeking to grow understanding as well as pushing Albionic ideals. Albion continues to explore farther west and south. A clockmaker from Cambridge becomes popular for his accurate timepieces and the exquisite wood housing. He creates a chime for the St Mary's Cathedral, the chimes are called the Cambridge Chimes (OTL Westminster Quarters aka Big Ben's chime). The Chimes become so popular, other clock-makers incorporate the chimes into their clocks. The Crown Dominion of Hamburg does well this year, as an influx of trade begins to repair the wounds of several wars. The English Renaissance is born when several painters in London show off some impressive works. Trade with the Mughal Empire begins to boom. ◾King Sigismund of Hungary, in light of bettering relations between the two allies, enquires about being able to lease the former Venetian port in Dublin. In exchange, 200 ships (100 caravels, 50 galleys, 50 cogs) will be sold to Albion. Hungary hopes this deal will be favourable for both nations.
 * Calais: Military and navy are expanded.
 * Dublin: Dublin undergoes another remodel and expansion to the ports due to the massive influx of trade from Castile and Venice as well as an increased Eire trade.
 * Scotland: Expands navy and military. Pan Albion sentiments grow, Trade increases. Whiskey is traded down to central Albion.
 * Wales: Wales expands its military and navy. Cardiff becomes a large centre of trade for Wales. The Welsh appoint Adam Cyrdger as Royal Minister. The first sessions of parliament are held. Wales does not see as large a population boom as Albion or Scotland, but a minor one, centered around Cardiff and Swansea, does occur.
 * Port Edmundburg expands by 1000 sq km east. The African colonists begin looking toward mining and other ventures to generate profit.
 * New Cambridgeshire: New Cambridgeshire expands by 1000 sq km west. Colonists begin to explore around the region and begin to have a large fishing boom. The Port of New Rotham is expanded to handle excess ships from Albion and other European nations and is renamed by popular vote as New Oxford. The people of New Oxford also begin an attempt to gain knowledge of farming in Borealia from Native Peoples.
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Bavaria expands its military. The population continues to rise. Grand Duchess Regent Elisabeth II and her council continue to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with twenty-five very large cogs being finished, and by 1510, a trade route is put in place. Such important places in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany, due to a longstanding trade deal. Continuing in 1510, Elisabeth commissions six cogs to sail around western Mediterranean coasts. The market center in Landshut continues to attract Bavarian and Venetian traders. In religious news, around 76% of the country adheres to the Western Church. Most adherents live around Munchen and Landshut. In other news, Bavaria continues implementing the Alliance and Merchant Act as well as the Militia and Navy Act. The Bavarian Court continues hosting a largely Venetian composition. However, many Bavarian families have intermingled with the Venetians, creating a distinct social class and gentry. In national news, the common courts continue to be implemented around Bavaria as several of the lower class make use it of. The serf laws begin to be used as well. Skeptics who theorized that the serf laws would mark no profound change in society begin to be proven wrong. In 1510, as many as two hundred serfs sue for their freedom. Franz-Albert, as well as Regent Elisabeth, begins to ponder a law that would fully abolish serfdom, seeing how it has more or less deteriorated in Bavaria. The wild unpopularity of these laws begin to wear off as well. Franz-Albert and Regent Elisabeth further incorporate the Collegiate Writs, allowing many more lower class men to enter college. In legal news, Elisabeth continues implementing the Bavarian Commands. In daunting news, Regent Elisabeth II declares war on Hesse, with the casus belli revolving Hesse's utter, disturbing betrayal of alliances, particularly the Hessian backstab of Hamburg in the recent war. She sends out 31,000 troops (this will be a separate, offensive algorithm, not a part of the defensive Munster algo.) Furthermore, Elisabeth states that Hesse is a volatile power in the region and it must be put down to secure the whole of Germany. In Augsburg, the lame duck chancellor, Franz-Albert, issues an approval of his sister's actions as one of his last orders as Chancellor of the HRE. Elisabeth calls upon her allies in the HRE to aid Bavaria in the war.
 * Munchen: By 1510, the total class of Queen Isabell University amounts to about 4500 men. Troops authorized by Regent Elisabeth II continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. The Collegiate Writs begin to draw more men to college.
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Regent Elisabeth II continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Regent Elisabeth II continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Regent Elisabeth II continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Regent Elisabeth II continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Regent Elisabeth II continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Regent Elisabeth II continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Wurzburg: Troops authorized by Regent Elisabeth II continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. A religious change begins occurring in Wurzburg upon the ascension of Franz-Albert, where many more Western Christians begin inhabiting the bishopric. The clergy begins being alarmed and they fear displacement. An envoy dispatched by Franz-Albert attempts to quell their fears.
 * Thuringia: Troops authorized by Regent Elisabeth II and Count Regent Vittorio continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Countess Elisabeth normalizes taxes in an effort to subset any rebellion. Count Regent Vittorio Erani follows his wife's lead and declares war on Hesse.
 * Saxony: Troops authorized by Regent Elisabeth II and Count Regent Vittorio continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Countess Elisabeth normalizes taxes in an effort to subset any rebellion. Count Regent Vittorio Erani follows his wife's lead and declares war on Hesse.
 * Austria: This turn in both our nation and in all our vassals is dedicated to economy. We train and expand our military using new experience from recent wars, and grow our nation economically. In Morocco our position in Melilla is fortified. All fortifications around the region are rebuilt and manned by stationed guards in case of an attack. To protect Melilla the construction of a fortress outside the city is considered, although postponed for now. The port of Melilla is rebuilt to begin operation as a trade port and military outpost. Construction continues on a shipyard in the Melilla port to facilitate the construction and repair of friendly ships. Melilla is granted a permanent naval garrison in the city’s port to respond to dangers in the area, and to support the small garrison on land which mans the fortifications. Our position in Morocco is fortified by re-inforcements, bringing Melilla operational against attacks. For now a small fleet is stationed in its harbor, while its garrison continues to hold the north and its supply lines, supporting our Christian brethren. With much of the Muslim population of Melilla left dead after the war against Morocco, the local government attempts to entice settlers by offering large quantities of land to Christian settlers. Many Europeans, particularly of German descent and/or from central Europe begin settling the area around Melilla. With finances from Augsburg-based banking establishments, the Trieste Company continues to launch expeditions to West Africa. Abrechtburg has grown to a decently sized settlement, supporting a population of farmers, traders and a small garrison of soldiers. The town also houses a well furbished fort, armed with a small amount of cannons intended to defend the settlement and the harbor from any attack. Built out of necessity, the port at Abrechtburg is refurbished and expanded to support more trade ships, and allied countries are welcomed to trade and stay in the town. The second largest settlement in Westenland, Dominusburg, follows suit, finishing the construction of a port similar to Abrechtburg‘s. Trade posts continue to be built and exploited, now numbering several dozen along the coast of Westenland and into allied territory. Our reliance on the Wolof becomes less so, but we sign a trade agreement with their nation to continue our positive relationship. Deals are made with the Wolof for slaves and other goods. Conversion of the natives begin around the settlement. Several bimereiches and caravels begin construction in Trieste, Melilla, Corfu, and other ports, to further facilitate and protect overseas trade. Trade is increased with the Grand Duchy of Bavaria and other trade partners, bringing about new avenues of trade and commerce. Mainz, Palatinate, and Luxembourg declare war on the nation of Hesse to aid Bavaria.
 * Marrikuwuyanga Empire: The Marrikuwuyanga had constructed large temples in honour of the Emperor. Trading with the Ayutthaya had proved beneficial for the Empire, and not only were the Marrikuwuyanga able to acquire muskets, they were also able to find a market for their sale of iron ore. Meanwhile, Marrikuwuyanga's influence continued to increase within the neighbouring tribes and the military was strengthened as the military gained access to the muskets via Ayutthaya and its production had started albeit at a very slow scale. Trade boosted Marrikuwuyanga's economy. The crop yield increased annually and so did the population. We expand 50 px along the western coast. The mining of iron had started in large scale and the military produced large number of swords, spears, etc. Meanwhile with trade having started with the Dutch, the economy was slowly recovering from the loss it had suffered in the absence of the Ayutthaya
 * Timor: Having established dominance over the island, the Emperor was keen on making sure there was no rebellion by the natives and soon after marching as conquerors, the tribal leaders were bombarded with gifts by the Marrikuwuyangan Emperor who assured them that they would be allowed to keep their power as tribal leaders as long as they recognized Emperor Yada Gulpilil as their God. Meanwhile, military and navy were strengthened, although it was the navy that got much more attention
 * Marrikuwuyangan Diplomacy: The Dutch East Indies Company and the Council of the Supreme 12 sign the Treaty of Tapu
 * County of Oldenburg: Once again, Count Christian is caught in a perilous situation. On the one hand, he feels somewhat duty-bound to assist Hesse. On the other hand, as a pragmatist, he understands that such a move would be suicidal, and would mean fighting Hamburg; fighting his own daughter. The Count consults his War Council. They opine that unless Hesse's expansionism is curbed soon, Oldenburg may one day too be on the chopping block. With his hands tied, and with immense regret, Count Christian VI declares war on Hesse. Troops move across the border, and OHG ships are authorised to take possession of the Hessian outposts in Greenland and Africa.
 * Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: The Prince-Bishop also declares war on Hesse, saying that invading an eccelesiastical state is a crime against God and His Church. He, like most everyone, is unaware of the Count's offer of last year.
 * Hamburg Dip: while her fathers concern is appreciated, Duchess-Regent Adelheid points out that Hamburg held no intention on getting involved with the hessian affair, as Hamburgs military and economy cannot support such a campaign just yet.
 * Natigosteg L'nu: A European agriculture spreads through the tribes, the population begins to recover. The cultivation of wheat and barley, combined with cows, chickens and pigs, doubles the food supply, with greatly increased protein content. Starvation and hunger fall to record lows. Military expansion continues; more of the militia are recruited into the regular army, which now numbers 5000. The troops continue to be trained in modern tactics. Meanwhile, a navy is created. Two of the new carracks and six of the smaller ships are outfitted with arquebuses and crew and sent to patrol the fur-trading routes to the north. As a result, Ungava expands 1000 km, despite the hostility of native tribes in the area.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 1000 sq km each settlement. The vassalage of the Guixirienne begins (the Guajirean peoples) (Turn Two of Five). As the colony grows more settlers travel to the mainland of the Nouvelle Orleans and into the now friendly Aurienne empire in the south (Quimbaya, FTW!) The population of the colony reaches around 22,000 composed mostly of settlers and a few more in the Aurienne kingdom. While this, the ambassador from the Tartars arrive and the first attempts to establish relations with them begins. A group of a 20 diplomats of Aurienne and their servants are sent to Tartary as well as a group of French diplomats.
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy are built up.
 * Sardinia: Military and economy are built up.
 * Basel: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aargau: Military and economy are built up. The French presence begins to be felt. However, the attempts to establish a pro-Germanic government in order to avoid eventual uprisings, internal vassalization begins as well to fully convince German leadership.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up.
 * Trier: Military and economy are built up.
 * Julich: Military and economy are built up.
 * Zweibrucken: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aurienne: The kingdom begins establishing its control over the regions sending a dozen of "diplomats" into Europe to establish more active relations with the French and their allies. Military and economy are built up, the nation expands both west and east toward the colonies of the French. Some locals begin dying from small pox and other known European diseases.
 * Safavid Empire: We build up our military and navy. We continue to build walls and outposts around our capital city. The building of the biggest mosque in the nation is continuing now. Port cities are being rebuilt. More ships are being made for our navy. Our own version of guns are being made. Farming is becoming one of the most important industries, besides blacksmithy, trading and fishing. The building of the first college in the capital city is continuing. Guns are now mass produced in our country. We continue to make more woodblock printing presses for our libraries. Prototype cannons at three feet long are continuing to be made. A trade route from our home country to Oirat is mapped out. People are now trading with each other on this trade route. Foreign exchange banks are becoming popular in our country due to the ETA (Eurasian Trade Agreement). Trade has increased due to the ETA. A new art form is continuing to be drawn. It is a mix of Safavid, Oirat and Mughal art. Our art is continuing to be popular with all of the nation around us. We continue to vassel Khanate of Khiva by bringing in troops and Islamic leaders to influence them in our way. Trade goes well with the Dutch merchants. All slaves that come from the Oyo nation are continuing to be converted to Shiite Islam.
 * The Great Liao Empire: Cement and iron increase in production. Iron weapons are now majorly used. As we increase in population, we slowly target our expansion northward. We continue to develop our firearms. We continue to study the printing press and make more of them. We begin building up our military and create even tougher practices. We expand our settlement at North Baikal Lake. We begin sending our soldiers next to the Baikal Jurchens. 50,000 soldiers are sent to the north of Baikal Lake and another 10,000 are in a small naval base on Baikal Lake. We continue building up on our border against the Baikal Jurchens. We create the eight inch cannon. We ramp up our military.
 * Yakutsk: We expand by 200 sq km.
 * Liao D: We ask for trade relationships with European nations.
 * Liao D to China: We send some more taels of silver.
 * Liao D to Tartary and Safavid: We ask our dear allies to give us support for our future conquest of the Baikal Jurchens.
 * Rajya of Marwar: The economy begins to expand and the nation turns Jaisalmer into a vassal. During these events, Rao Raja Singh sends more architects from Marwar to the Mughal who would design Mandirs in the Mughal Empire and also for priests to spread Hinduism in the Mughal Empire. The nation also supports numerous marriages between members of the Rajput clans and Mughali noble families. (eco turn)
 * Rajya of Jaisalmer: The nation expands its economy and is introduced into the Marwari-Mughali trade system.
 * Mughal Empire: The economy of the nations is expanded and architects sent by Emperor-Khan Raja Singh ud-din Muhammad Bahadur issue the building of the already designed temples. The Mughali prosperity continues as the Eurasian trade agreement is set into motion. (eco turn). Muhammad Mirza continues writing his book, while discussing the eastern culture, religion and knowledge with the young Karl van Nassau-Orleans of the Netherlands. Lady Maria Namur gives birth to another young girl, whose name is Priya.
 * Southern Chagatai (PSFSCK): The economy is expanded.
 * Alexandria and Aiguptia: Trade continues to increase as the ports are re-established. More people are converted to Coptic Christianity due to the See of Saint Mark's presence. Many Muslims reconsider their faith seeing the prosperity that Christians live in. Resources are sent to Aiguptia to maintain and protect the canal as that process continues and workers are encouraged to go seek out this opportunity. The economy continues to pick up as trade expands to SE Asia. The land acquired from Yemen by the Red Sea continues to see a port town established for sailors and merchants to rest before going into the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean, there is a medium increase in population as more people look to get into the trade business and travel from Castile and the Netherlands requires a stop for their sailors. In the province of Judea soldiers are to protect both Christian, Islamic and Jewish pilgrimages. Small amounts of conversions in Judea take place mainly converting Christians and Muslims to Coptic Christianity. Alexandria moves troops into the south as the region is to keep the region calm and free of revolt. OTL Goa and Karachi continue to become a massive destination for Alexandrian trades and relationships continued to be established. Grigorios' engineers continue plans of a reconstructed lighthouse on the cite of the citadel. Relations are continued with the nation Vijaynagar, an we continue establish more posts along the coast, especially at Goa. Immigration from traders and trading families increases to the trade enclaves in Alexander's Strait and the Somali enclaves. Alexandria's soldiers are sent to fight the rebels in the south and in Cairo. Asks fellow Christian nations in Nubia and Eastern Europe for assistance to end the islamic revolt. The Red Sea Trade Company is formed in order to deal with states along the Red Sea and creating safe and constant trade in the area. It is owned by the Great Eastern Sea Trade Co and is also a royal charter from Kafta and Grigorios. 100 px expansion into the Sinai Peninsula (should be whole peninsula now). Vassalization of Makuria and Alodia begins (Turn Seven of X). Girgorios will serve as an advisor  to Kafta.
 * Ethiopia: Grigorios and Kafta begins creating and developing relationships with local leaders. Shortly after the treaty everyone settles back into normal lifestyles. Soldiers are sent to Alexandria. Kafta becomes the ruler. Naval forces are built up. Mil Turn.
 * Cyrencia: Is put under semi-autonomy in a vassal state relationship. Naval ports are built. Conversions occur. Mil Turn.
 * Fusahito Theocracy: Newly emancipated slaves begin to take advantage of the state Land Bank to purchase land cheaply in underdeveloped regions, particularly the Date Province. However, this is happening at a slower rate than imagined by the Emperor, something he puts down to the ignorance of the old slaves. This causes problems, as ex-slaves are evicted from their old homes by the feudal lords who own around 90% of the land, leaving them nowhere to go. Although limited amounts of land are available, the reluctance of the peasantry to enter into debt means that they begin to view emancipation in a negative light, discontent which soon degenerates into scattered rural violence.  However, whilst chattel based slavery is outlawed, debt based slavery is kept legal, even in some cases encouraged. This is done to protect the Emperor's interests and to prevent an open revolt against the unpopular measures introduced. In the meantime, the  Emperor continues to provide financial and economic support to the Hosokawa Clan and the Japanese islands to the North which have thrown off the yoke of Chinese dominance. These measures continue to draw these Japanese patriots closer to the Theocracy. Year Three of Sixteen.
 * Castile: The Colony of Buenos Aires expands by (15 px) up the coast and establishes a captaincy farther south (5 px). The Castilian populace reaches about 10.1 million and growing. The Kingdom itself begins to expand its armed forces to nearly 80,000 and sends more military ships to Monaco to protect it from any aggression. The Castilian forces begin training exercizes. The Navy also begins to make serious advances in technology and armed attack formations along with its pushes out into the wide seas. The Colony of Buenos Aires reaches a population of about 12,000 and growing with the more families and women showing up. Castilian exploration ships begin exploring south to check out farther down the coast and look for the southern edge of the continent. Charles of Castile who had gone to the New World becomes governor of the Buenos Aires Colony. With the revolt in Seville Queen Alexis sends in the most experienced troops from both Castile and Aragon to keep control. However, she also announces that while Charles may be her husband he is not the leading monarch of Castile and Aragon, and that she will continue to rule with dignity and respect as she was before. Along with this, the Queen dictates to her husband that they will rule their own personal realms separately and that Austria will have no true power over Castile, Aragon or any of their possessions due to the pride and high national spirits of their accomplishments. Along with this, the Queen also dictates to her husband that in the event of her death that one of their sons will ascend to the throne of Castile and not Charles - and the brother will ascend to the throne of Austria. Alexis writes up a treaty dictating the terms to her husband and requests it be signed publicly in Seville to solidify her stern stance on any true outside influences on Spain and prove to the people of Seville that Austria will not come to dominate or take over Castile and Aragon now collectively being known as Spain. A Ceremony is held for past King Ferdinand, and his leading heir bearing the same name honoring their lives once again. This is named a national holiday. Phillip is put into the Spanish Royal education system. Passing the Straits of Torez (named after the explorer Rodrigo Torez) a Castilian fleet of four ships reaches a port city belonging to a nation known as the Inca.
 * Kingdom of Aragon: With Castilian assistance various infrastructural areas are rebuilt and the military is expanded to a token force of 10,000. Along with this support the Aragonian economy recovers slowly with a slow but controlled influx of Castilian economic aid helping Aragon recover. The ruling magistrate over Aragon signs a landmark trade deal with Castile which allows for Aragon's usage of Castile's large amounts of trade posts down the coast of Africa. The Aragonians now in control of the Spanish South African trading company fund the creation of the expansion of the Trade outpost into a formal colony to be settled much like Morocco and Granada were by Castile. The Colony of Cape Ferdinand expands 10 px up the coast and expands the captaincy down the coast now covering the mouth of the Orange River on the coast (5 px). It's mostly populated by Castilians who are the main people moving to the colonies. Aragon's population continues to be culturally integrated with the next generation speaking primarily Spanish with Catalan being phased out by the newer generation. Aragon recognizes Alexis of Castile as their Queen.
 * Kingdom of Cyprus: Cyprus gaining large funds from being a Castilian trade hub, begins building a few ships domestically, and purchases ships from Castile, or her allies shipwrights forming a respectable Cypriot navy of almost 90 ships with expected expansion to come. This expansion has been achieved specifically thanks to huge amounts of outsourcing to private shipwrights. Cyprus begins to see an exodus of the Knights Hospitaller west to Castile and her territories and King Matthias begins a larger recruitment for the military managing to raise a force of nearly 10,000. This force is largely funded through the large trade Cyprus has gathered. The troops are styled after Castile's royal army and Cyprus embarks on an intense training program in order to bring them up to standards. The Knights, with many departing, also have many older and other knights stay due to their close ties with Cyprus. They remain to run the Knights Hospitaller in Cyprus for the foreseeable future while a large number have migrated across the sea. The Kingdom of Cyprus due to the recent issues in Castile reluctantly recognizes Carlos and his Regency for Prince Ferdinand. Cyprus itself with its fleet of nearly 100 ships begins to take after the Venetian example with trade and begins to put Cypriot merchant ships into state possession for trade in order to help with the kingdom's finances and heavy trade. This show immediate results as a relative increase in funding and attention to trade between Castile and her allies begins to improve the quality of trade. The Assassins Guild sets up in Cyprus looking to prevent issues in the kingdom with corruption and serving as their base into Muslim countries. The King of Cyprus on his deathbed declares that a vote by the nobles on whether to join Castile will be held and a public forum will be held on what the people think of this.
 * Kingdom of Morocco: The country begins the construction of various canals and cultivates trees farther inland to help increase arable farmland. The Moroccan economy continue to expand with greater trade coming from Castile and the Canaries all the way down to Capo Verde increasing the relative wealth. The Kingdom with many canals having been completed has vastly expanded its farmland among other things. Morocco's total population reaches one million with Christianity becoming dominant in the area. Calne-Vicuna is finished and is opened as a center for Christianity in North Africa with a library said to rival old Alexandria's. The Moroccan Assassins Guild forms and spreads keeping the peace and killing the corrupt as well as making Morocco much more peaceful for Castilian Rule. The Kingdom of Morocco officially enters into a personal union with Castile following the magistrates and princes deeming it unnecessary for the King to not have full control in the country. The Magistrates, however, are fully re-instated to continue as they were just under direction of the monarch of Castile.
 * Kongo: The Kingdom begins to work toward a trade and production economy focusing on helping provide resources for Castile's burgeoning West African trade network. The King of the Kongo converting to Christianity and being baptised begins to call for the expansion of ports to the best of the Kongolese architects' abilities. With the King also adopts the name John, in favor of the king who began these exploratory operations down the coast of Africa. The King also organized a band of Christian soldiers who help keep the peace who also begin to help with conversions to Christianity as a series of missionaries and high level priests from the Western Church have come on a ship hearing of many pagans and heretics to convert. The King makes multiple successful campaigns against various of the petty kings in Kongo killing two of them and leaving the third on the run. The Christianization of multiple areas is completed and multiple others are begun. The Kingdom of the Kongo in an attempt to increase economic output and trade begins to export a moderate amount of raw materials to Castile and begins to push toward heavy exploitation methods if possible.
 * Mapuche: With the defeat by the Spanish a royal governor is appointed by the Castilians. The governor immediately goes to work to prevent his workforce from being killed by disease and to prevent revolts and by immediately marching groups of about 1000 people to the colonial capital. These people are immediately transferred onto available ships and throughout the year are sent up the coast via Spanish ships to a location unknown to the Mapuche. The Mapuche also continue to see major issues from European contact are given orders to isolate themselves if they are sick to prevent further expansion of the disease. The governor also manages to gain a force of about 200 as a garrison. The Mapuche people begin to see the first mixed children between Spanish and Mapuche people. The Spanish institute the Ecomienda system. However, the Spanish governor, in order to keep control of the people, orders the Spanish heads of the system to treat the natives fairly in order to prevent mass deaths from overworking and resentment. Spanish farming techniques have definitely prevented starvation as the Mapuche continue to expand toward the coast building a road to connect it all. The Spanish governor, also using the local Mapuche as scouts, is able to expand much more than the Buenos Aires colony and uses this to his advantage to secure more land to be able to turn over to Spanish settlers. The Royal Governor expands by 1000 sq km down the coast using captured prisoner natives as labor for this.
 * Dai Viet: This turn is officially dedicated to economic expansion. The nation of Dai Viet begins expanding its military to protect the nation against any foreign attack. The government begins an active role in equipping some units, using its funds to ensure that the entirety of the militia is equipped with pikes and swords. Crossbows also begin to be used in select units, which are trained to be most effective during cavalry charges and to provide support for our infantry. Government forces are called and put to the test securing our southern border, garrisoning in recently acquired territory. Alongside expanding ground forces, the government also sees to need to expand naval forces, a process that began several decades ago. Small ships capable of longer journeys are constructed in major port cities, and cities in the south along the coast are expanded to facilitate naval activity on par with our northern cities. Trade ships are attracted to our major ports from nearby nations. Facilities are upgraded to better facilitate trade. With several dozen small trade ships and warships under the command of the government vassals, and several ships under its personal command, the government orders a series of operations in the east waters of the nation, hoping to root out pirates and protect trade routes. As a test of our navy, our largest warships, equipped with cannons and other weapons, make several expeditions around the Biển Đông (South China Sea). Several more trade posts are established in the Philippines. We also make several expeditions to the Riau Islands, where we come into contact with the Orang laut people. Settlements on the Riau Islands grow, and the remaining islands in the north are annexed.
 * Eire (Member Nation of the UKGA): Eoghan O'Briain, intrigued by tales of a western land, goes on another voyage in a fleet of six ships sponsored by the King Tomas II, who has attained the title recently gained the title "the Enterprising" for his sponsorship of merchant-class enterprises and especially voyages of exploration. O'Briain is granted a charter by the Eiric Exploration company and gathers a group of traders, adventurers, farmers, and fortune seekers and establishes the colony Nuaphail at OTL Dalhousie (Newpale in English, after the barrier that surrounds the main town which reminds the Irish of the old barrier dividing English Ireland and Irish Ireland, only ironically, the Irish are the ones inside the Pale this time), with the main city being known as Nua Luimneach (New Limerick), as the area it is settled on is akin to the Eiric city of Limerick. Meanwhile, the military is built up, after the Scandinavian War, and bitterness rises against Hamburg and the HRE. The pidgin language that has been spoken in the port cities of Eire that is related to Brythenglish becomes an official language of Eire, with it being entitled "Albionic". Our explorers discover much of the land between OTL Cape Cod and Labrador, and claim it for the UKGA and all aligned native tribes. A map is drafted of these regions. Galway becomes the main center for Western trade and colonization.
 * Nuaphail: After the first year of the colony, the first major wave of settlers begins to arrive at the fledgling town of Nua Luimneach/Limerick. Composed of a diverse group of indentured servants, fortune-seekers, soldiers, missionaries, and free settlers, the vast majority are from Eire, specifically the port cities of Limerick, Tralee, and Galway, but a smattering are from other parts of Eire and even the kingdoms of Great Albion. We also begin to send single women, who are rewarded for their passage to the colony in money and other goods. Friendly relations are established with the Natigosteg L'nu, and other surrounding Mi'kmaq tribes though there are some raids, and we come to the L'nu with various trinkets and a picture of King Tomas II and one of the Eiric countryside. Due to the bounty of the surrounding area in natural resources, there is more than enough food, especially with the help of the L'nu, and the first batches of cod and lumber are exported. Missionaries of the Western Church are sent to all surrounding tribes, and we sail up the OTL St Lawrence as far as OTL Quebec City, with missionaries spreading the Faith and trinkets to native people in exchange for food and loyalties. We expand 1000 pixels along both the north and south shores of Chaleur Bay.
 * Rumania: Stephen, now 35, continues to work on improving the economy; Iron, salt and coal mines dot the landscape. Coal is produced for metalworking and heating. These mines provide the resources required by the foundries and traders on the coast. The growing mines require more processing facilities, which spur more development along the coast. More large shipyards open and the lumber industry continues to expand. The first Leverlock shop is supplemented by a much larger second, and hundreds are built and exported across the eastern Mediterranean. The Danube becomes a highway of commerce, hundreds of barges travel up and down its length transporting people, materials, goods, and ideas. As much as 9% of the nation has reached basic literacy, and the Moralists promote education of commoners by priests, in order to give everyone the opportunity to read the bible. Education among the elite is becoming almost mandatory. Constantius, now 11 and his brother Radu, now 10, begin their education in matters of state and policy. A Non-Agression Pact, for a length of 50 years, is offered to Muscovy.
 * The Consulate of Bulgaria: The economy continues to grow. The printing press spreads south into Bulgaria just as in Rumania. Ties with Rumania are strengthened; hundreds of Romanians move into the country, seeking cheap and productive land, and inter-marriage becomes very common. Bulgarians also begin to migrating to trade towns in Romania to seek more economic opportunities. Bulgarian populations in Rumania now represent a large minority, and the same can be said about Romanians in Bulgaria. Ethnic tensions are uncommon in both nations as multi-ethnic communities existed before the large migrations.
 * Oyo Empire: Oyo continues the expansion of the navy, with an additional twelve eranko ships produced at the dockyards throughout the nation. Elsewhere, Oyo continues to develop its military, economy, and infrastructure, and expanding its trade routes in the east with the Safavids and the city of Kochi.  holds its census, revealing a population of 10,455,253 inhabitants. Production of cannon and guns continues, with at least half of the army equipped with guns in addition to their regular weaponry. With that part of the military equipped, Oyo begins its military parade, showcasing European-style weapons, tactics, and armor. A fleet of the navy fires off its guns in a salute to the Asaaju in attendance, and a major celebration is held in honor of Alaafin Oranyan, who's efforts propelled Oyo into the position of wealth and glory it has reached today.
 * Expansion is way too fast. That's over one million people in something like five years? No nation in West Africa - or even the world - with your populaton can manage that. Your average plausible growth is about 3%. You also did not really account for a loss of 10% of population from the disease some time back. -Feud
 * Chahokian Civilization:. A good harvest pleases the people of Chahokian and its vassals. Moundville becomes more pro Chahokian and those wanting complete independence begin to become less common.
 * Moundville: Builds up its economy. Population growth is seen.
 * Etowah Civilization: Builds up economy. Population grows.
 * Parkin Civilization: Economy grows. Population increase.
 * In the Tartary, the population grows. The French delegation is received. The news of a New World and the proof of the Aureannic existence through its delegation intrigue Alexander Khan, and he begins to wonder whether these lands can be reached by land through the East. He requests some Aureannics stay behind in the Tartary to be studied in Court, and for the French to bring more of them to begin a small colony of them in the area. The economy continues to grow, with cities growing and the population doing so as well. Traders and production in the region begin booming. Minerals are discovered around the Urals, to the east of the nation. The nation begins expanding eastward into the Yamal, especially around the northern Urals, brought forth by prospecting for minerals, by 5000 sq km. The military is developed. Khiva continues to be influenced at a great importance. Relations are improved with Hungary and Rome.
 * ​Adyghea: Begins to grow more closely aligned with the Tartary itself. The population grows, accomodating Alans and Tatars leaving Crimea. The economy also does, as do the vantage positions on the Caucasus. A mild Chechen revolt erupts to the east of the nation.
 * Great Perm: Also begins to grow more dependent on the Tartary. The ruble continues spreading throughout North Asia, now becoming the primary method of trade in the Tartary, Adyghea, Kazakhstan, and to a lesser degree the Central Asian states. The military also grows, with modernisation occurring.
 * Kazakhstan: Continues to modernise. Centralisation continues to occur, with ulus and warlords being defeated quickly by the Manghud governors in the name of the Tartary. The economy grows because of increased centralisation, as cotton and apples begin to be produced rapidly in the region.
 * Azov: Continues construction of Özu-Cale. The main fort, now named Iskander-Hisar (or Alexander-Kremlin) continues construction. The port begins to grow with the town now having around 300 inhabitants and the first few shipfuls of grain leaving down the Dneiper, easier for transportation. Other cities continue to grow.
 * Netherlands: The Dutch trade network continues to grow, and as such so do the activities of the Royal Navy and the newly created Company navy to protect Dutch interests abroad. Batavia continues to grow in importance within the Dutch trade network in Asia and it slowly becomes a stronghold of the Dutch. More native troops are raised largely from the Chinese minority the city holds. Influence over Sunda, and nearby Southern Sumatra grow, while trading farther east also grows. The East India Company grows angry with the attempts of Oyo to break into Dutch trade in the region and at their request, Maurice begins talks with Albion and Spain on how to deal with the African Empire. The island of new Friesland is fortified while a fotress is commissioned to be built in Louisville. Naval and Military expansion continue. The Royal Army is expanded to include a greater number of troops. More of the Roman muskets are produced and the first unit outfitted with them is one of the Royal Guard. The arts and sciences continue to flourish with unlimited funds for their development and the new architectural style continues to grow. The bourgeoisie society and culture continue to solidify and develop as their power within the economy and political system of the Netherlands isd confirmed at this point. Exploring and economic endevours in the New World continue, with many of the Dutch realizing that the New World has plenty of opportunities to develop lucrative businesses there. The idea of attempting to establish a settlement begins to circulate amongst the economic and political elite. (I'm not going to create a permanent settlement but I'm going to be attempting exploration farther inland for now and a series of temporary outposts all of which until 1522 when my first permanent settlement will be established). The Wallon continue to grow into an important part of the Netherlands as they represent a major part of the country's national production, and their French culture remains very important within the academic and ruling circles of the nation. The Universities of Brussels and Amsterdam continue to grow in importance and prominance in Western Europe. Karl van Nassau-Orleans continues to follow Mirza around and learn more about the east. Meanwhile, William Prince of Holland proves a very capable military mind and his tutors look on him with great interest.
 * Kingdom of Tibet: Emperor Sitzu Drakpa announces a plan to recruit more people for his army, as loyalists recruit go more men. The Loyalists come back with 1200 men recruited, 500 archers and 800 Cavalry. The Loyalists also convince Emperor Sitzu to annex the states of Chutiya, Taungoo and the Shan States. (They were Tibet's vassals for over 50 years, so I'm annexing them). The Loyalists get permission to travel to Lanna, as they will have a plan to vassalize it (Turn One of Three). A festival representing the Buddha is held in honor of his success and travels.
 * Hungary and all its vassals and puppets and states in personal union work on expanding their armed forces. There is an increase in trading between them all, along with increased trading with Moscovy and thus allows economic growth. Road construction also continues as for greater trade, better infrastructure is needed. Hungary also focuses highly on building better naval ships and upgrading old ships as well as putting many obsolete ships into retirement. Hungary demobilised many men after training them in a bid to make sure everything remains stable along with provide the men to work the field and harvest the grain once it has grown. This allows harvest levels to reach new highs as better practices have lead to increased yields. With Rome now allowing Hungary to use its ports at various locations, the large fleet can finally be brought into harbour at various points along the coast.
 * Shahdom of Verkana: Shah Farbod Bavandid explores Constantinople while waiting for a response to his offer. He sees many strange and different things he sees while looking around the city. Meanwhile in Verkana, Regent Sepehr finishes the building of M'Ebed Atash and the translation of the Zoroastrian holy scripts. M'Ebed Atash becomes an important place of worship for the Zoroastrian populace within the nation. Fortification of the southern border continues, with some larger forts being built. The Regent continues to import more modern weaponry, and he continues to equip the military with the better weaponry.
 * Zapoteca: With the number of immune people in the population growing, disease begins to dwindle in the Empire. The Spanish aid is greatly appreciated. The Emperor continues financing Spanish settlers to come to the kingdom and marry into the population. Trade increases and continues with the Spanish. Tlaco II expands roadways connecting cities in the alliance to help merchants and soldiers move freer between them. The military, which had been outdated for many years, continues to be upgraded. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. In the coastal regions under Danibaan's influence, more boats are created. Tlaco II orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Itzapam is finally convinced to join the Zapotec-Spanish sphere, and is made a vassal.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire goes into one of the most difficult years of its existence since the defeat of the Ottomans. The earthquake kills many, and many homes and other buildings in the capital are ruined. Thankfully, most of the important buildings like the Imperial Palace, the Haiga Sophia, and the harbor are relatively unharmed. The royal family tours the ruined city, and Thomas I does so often to inspire hope in his people. This ultimately proves to be his downfall, as one day, as the Emperor is touring the city as usual, a disgruntled Venetian steps out of the shadows and manages to stab the Emperor a few times before being cut down by the Paramonoi. The Emperor is rushed to back to the Imperial Palace, but little can be done and he eventually dies. This creates a major problem for the Empire, as the former Emperor's sons are not yet old enough to rule and there is no close relation able to take the throne. A week goes by, and the nation is on the brink of chaos, yet the nobles eventually come to a solution and the Empress Consort Elsa takes the throne to maintain a regency until one of her sons comes of age. This resolves most of the problems, and most nobles are content with this solution. Elsa gains the trust of the Roman people by continuing to speed up the reconstruction of the capital, and by two months people begin to get their houses back. Trade expands to help counter the costs of the tragedy, and trade routes expand farther into the North Sea, North Africa, and some brave merchants begin pioneering to try to reach the New World, with some small success.
 * Albania: The nation continues to enhance its military, and aid is sent to the Romans to help deal with the issues of the earthquake.
 * Epirus: The government continues to implement the plans for annexation into the Roman Empire. Funds that were directed toward rebuilding the last of the Venetian fortifications are diverted to help restore the Roman capital.
 * Naxos: The Duke is able to breath a sigh of relief, as he believes that the rise of power of Elsa, a fellow Western European, will allow him to remain on his throne. To further gain her support, he sends aid and stone to help rebuild the capital, an act that does improve his standing in the Imperial Court.
 * Ragusa: Trade continues to expand thanks to Ragusa's ideal position and valuable resources. Books continue to be printed to educate the population. Aid is sent to help repair the Roman capital.
 * Lombardy: Work continues on the Certosa di Pavia, the Castle Visconteo, and on the extensive Milan Cathedral. We continue training a proper standing army, utilizing Swiss mercenaries and local recruits. With border disputes now settled between the nations of Austria and Switzerland, we continue opening friendly relations with both nations in hopes of repairing our diplomatic relations and protecting our northern border. We continue constructing cogs and galleys to strengthen our navy and protect our interests on the seas. Our turn is dedicated to military in both our nation and our vassals. Wallis is declared a vassal of our nation, and we continue influencing them.
 * Novgorod: We continue the production of ships, cannons, muskets, advanced crossbows, swords, and composite bows, increasing our military capabilities in case of war. The nation’s training and advancement of military continues. The recent classes of Koch ships are being manufactured in Novgorod. The town of St Patriksburg’s population grows a bit more that last year. As the construction of the town improves, the Kremlin finishes, trade becoming more in demand, the town gains slightly. Because of the trade road built with Tver our economy increases. After seeing a great success with the private schools in the cities of Novgorod, St Patriksburg, Staraya Russa, and Nizhny Novgorod. We start building another private school in Rostov and Yaroslavl. We complete building private schools in Torzhok and a private school in Staraya Ladoga. We dedicate this turn to military. As fur traders and hunters begin to move into Karelia, the border is expanded 3000 square miles directly to the north. We are pleased that peaceful terms have been met between us and Scandinavia, and we hope to improve relations in the future.
 * Tver: We complete the construction of the private school in Tver and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Yaroslavl, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Yaroslavl: We complete the construction of the private school in Yaroslavl and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Rostov: We completed the construction of the private school in Rostov and start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Yaroslavl, Muscovy. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Karelia: We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Burjid Sultanate: 'After a year of negoation between the Sultan and Hadi they have finally agreed that the Sultan shall continue to be in political power while Hadi shall be the religious leader of the Sultanate. The reason for this agreement was because both supported the notion of the nation uniting in Islam and thought it was better for one to lead the state while the other to lead the religion. With the civil war over there is a massive celebration nationwide, especially in the capital where the citizens are uniting under Islam. Because of the roles the mosques had in protecting the citizens during the civil war and in making peace the public continue to support the Mosque Model and thus mosque construction resumes as well as infrastructure buildup in order to repair the damage done in the war. A campaign to recentralize also begins.
 * Tawatinsuyu: Military improves.. The size of the army hits 28,000. Cuzco, Machu Picchu, and Chan Chan are developed further, populations of these cities hits 266,000, 145,000, and 167,000 respectively. Population across the empire hits 1,900,000. Reformation of the farming system continues as crops produce better yields. Research into medicine and the sciences continues, with advancements being made allowing for greater care of the sick and injured. Rebuilding and building continues across the empire. Culture merging continues. The empire is now divided into four districts, Cuzco-suyu (the area formerly known as the Kingdom of Cuzco) Aymara-suyu (the territories conquered in the two Cuzcan-Aymaran wars) Nazca-Suyu (area perviously known as the Ica-Nazca) and Chimu-suyu (the Ica-Nazca's northern vassals). Each of these districts acts similar to a state, with regional rulers being appointed by the Sapa-Inca. The process of culture blending begins to show effects, as Cuzcans live across the emipire now, taking their culture with them. While Cuzcans are the largest ethnic group (~48%) they still do not make up 50% of the empire. The other ethnic groups are Nazca (~12%), Chimu (~13%), Wankan (~5%) Aymara (~4%) and Other (2%). As the culuture blending continues, the rise of a new culture group begins. Known as Inca, this culture group makes up about 17% of the empire's population. This culture group is found mainly in the three "golden" cities. Inca is growing faster than Cuzcan and will over take Cuzcan (if an outside source doesn't get involved) in 27 years time. The enslavement of the Aymara people begins once again, though the ethnic purging is left out of the old formula. Contact with the Spanish people have the Inca people excited, until the first sick begin to emerge.
 * Pskov does the economy, helps with money, mercahnts fleeing the Scandinavian prohibition of Novgorodians goiung to Oresund manage to swell the population and GDP, and come to a standstill, more zolotniks produced, money, money money, first year that has a decent economic gain, experimentation with arts and culture and University prospers, new weaponsmithing shops and gunsmiths open and try to compete with each other.
 * Bengal Sultanate: The decrease in taxes on the landed elite does its job in most areas of the Sultanate, decreasing the tax load on the peasantry and earning him their support. The tax cuts on the merchant class allow for more trade to be conducted, and a recent lax on some of the quota laws allows for more goods to be shipped from Bengal, greatly increasing trade income. Cash crops continue to be grown in large amounts. With our merchants traveling to Ava, Kamarumpa and Arakan regularly, Islam continues to grow in their areas. Most all trade roads continue to see much-needed maintenance. Due to Bengal having control over lands of multiple ethnicities and religions, literary works in the form of poems continue to take influence from all three religions of the Sultanate. Urdu, also called Hindi by some, becomes more common in the Sultanate due to the mixing of Hindu and Islamic ideals. We continue to help finance the Plutocratic State of Jaunpur, Delhi Sultanate and Bahamani Sultanate by sending gifts directly to the nobles/sultans, offering loans from powerful trade bankers, and decreasing the trade taxes over all of Bengal, allowing more of our merchant goods to travel into those states. We also raise a portion of the Sultan's personal levy and then divide it to be sent out to the states' leaders, so that they can do with them what they wish in order to maintain order in their nation. The construction of schools and universities several years ago has led to an increase in scholars and literacy in our nation. Due to the removal of trade barriers among a majority of states in the Indian League, their merchants and ours begin to travel with increased mobility and goods, thereby increasing the trade income and output in the agreeing nations. Several Bengali merchants continue to sponsor gem mines in the Mogok area of Ava, due to the high concentration of gems such as rubies, sapphires, garnets and moonstones, and the first of many mines begin to return with more sucesses. Construction of ships based upon Castilian designs, granted to us by them, continues, in order to further our efforts to explore and trade. New crops begin to enter into several plantations. (These weren't newly introduced to Bengal, they are just newly introduced to the plantations), Opium and Cannabis. The Sultan, and his wife, the Princess of Vijaynagar, have two children, one boy, and one girl. The boy is named Illyas-Samabēta-karā  and the daughter is named Paṭabhūmi-Shah. The increasing need for an anthesthetic due to many more surgeries in Bengal, simply due to an increasing population, leads Opium cultivation to become very lucrative and results in many plantations including in their crops. Cannabis becomes more popular, not simply due to its cultural history in Muslim societies, but also because of its popular use in several poetic works. Due to the Mughal Emperor's betrayal of his word to not control India, despite being the ruler of Marwar, we begin to rally the Indian League for war upon the Mughal Emperor for betraying his word to not control India, for making a mockery of the forgiveness of the Bengali Sultan and all of those that forgave the Mughals, and breaking League law by infringing upon the sovereignity of Jaisalmar.
 * ​Emirate of Andamana: Illyas-Sasaska continues to reclaim land on the island to make room for farms, and to have timber for building both boats and houses. The Emirate expands another 500 km onto the island. The ships built by the timber from the island help contribute to Bengali trade. Continues working on economy and infrastructure.
 * Rajya of Orissa: Kapilendra Deva continues to listen to his advisers and bring about several reforms to his nation that make it more Islamic friendly, one of which is new, and calls for the creation of one mosque for each Hindu temple in the name of tolerance, when in reality, his advisers have prescribed this to bring about larger Islamic influence. The new University of Bhubanēśbara (Bhubaneswar) finishes construction and now houses several classes ranging from literature to economics.
 * Swargadeo of Kamarupa: Now vassalized by Bengal, the Swargadeo of Ahom continues to receive extensive help in creating viable farmland. They do this by continuing a process of land reclamation in the northern part of the state, which is largely marshy and thinly populated. This process of reclamation begins by using dikes, embankments and irrigation systems. The land reclamation, having been going on for decades, is extremely successful in creating viable farmland for rice, grain and other staple crops, increasing Kamarupa's population and their yearly trade output.
 * Swargadeo of Kamarupa: Now vassalized by Bengal, the Swargadeo of Ahom continues to receive extensive help in creating viable farmland. They do this by continuing a process of land reclamation in the northern part of the state, which is largely marshy and thinly populated. This process of reclamation begins by using dikes, embankments and irrigation systems. The land reclamation, having been going on for decades, is extremely successful in creating viable farmland for rice, grain and other staple crops, increasing Kamarupa's population and their yearly trade output.

1511
In Rome, Pope Celestine IX dies, and in the subsequent conclave, the Hungarian Tamás Bakócz is elected Pope, taking the Papal name of Nicholas V.

'''Although taken by surprise by the sudden invasion of foreign forces, the nation of Great Zimbabwe begins a guerrilla campaign to resist the invaders. As more of their main army arrives from the north of their territory and border regions, their scores increase slightly (Scores undoubled: Military: 10, Economy: 6, Infrastructure: 2).'''

'''Several recently conquered or vassalized states on the African coast subject to the nation of Madasikara rise up in revolt upon realizing that foreign dominance has only led to the destruction of their own culture. '''

'''Henry I, duke of Swabia dies at the age of 76. He is succeeded by his son, who is crowned Eberhard I. '''
 * Portugal: Continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Leiname. By this time, the colony in Leiname starts to export wheat to Portugal. Meanwhile, some Portuguese explorers continue to explore the African coast. The Açores continue to be settled. Meanwhile, the new ships that been developed, called naus, and that are similar to the Castilian carracks, begin to be used. Naval explorations directed to the west continue, after news that new lands may have been found there. Meanwhile, Santa Cruz expands north by 1000 sq km. Meanwhile, pau-brasil (brazilwood) starts to be extracted in the colony. Meanwhile, the colony of São Sebastião expands 1000 sq km.
 * Prussia: The Prussians begin to develop their military. The Prussians continue to build their new navy. King Karl II offers his daughter Charlotte von Jungingen to Dutch King William I. Prussia continues to Germanize their ethnic minorities.
 * Courland: The Curonians also continue developing their military.
 * Estland: Ossel-Wiek also continues developing their military. Duke Franz continues to reshape the face of Arensburg.
 * Netherlander Dip: karl's offer is accepted and Charlotte is taken by WIlliam as his bride.
 * Hesse: With the colonies and outposts taken, there is nowhere left to run from the invaders. The Hessian fort system on the eastern front holds the Bavarians back temporarily. The fort system in south-west Frankfurt is largely bypassed by the Austrian forces and they take Frankfurt. Köln forces are blocked by the western forts, although their battering through the multiple rebellions and their low upkeep has caused the Köln troops to force themselves into Berg, taking it. The Bremen ports are blocked by Oldenburger fleets, preventing escape. Princess-Regent Eva calls on all her remaining allies, Scandinavia, Albion, France, and Spain, to all come and help fend off the invaders. She says for the people of Hesse to unite, and resist all invaders.
 * Vorlayacor: Guns continue to be distributed among the soldiers of the War Band; a few begin to leak into the hands of common citizens.  The diplomats, all intelligent and esteemed Mapuche, write their chronicles and newfound knowledge into scrolls and begin to distribute them among the populace, greatly aiding those citizens who had already begun to explore mathematics, science, and medicine.  The fishing industry continues to grow, and more citizens learn about the world and its politics.  As more villages are founded, we expand our northern and western borders by three pixels(or some tiny amount that the mods deem appropriate) north and west.
 * The Kingdoms of Great Albion (Scotland and England) - member nation of the UKGA: Many ships are modernized and replaced to keep the Royal Albion Navy a powerful force on the high seas. Port Edmundburg continues to experience a growth in population. Albionic settlers continue to explore the surrounding areas. The dialect of English originally found in Scotland and the Eire grows so large that it covers most of the North of England. This new dialect is called Bythigish (portmanteau of Brython and English). English nobles begin to enjoy the Celtic myths of Eire and Scotland. The Templar Order continues to undercut the King's enemies and seeks ways to privately grow the power of the King and Albion as a whole. The Order buys up many smaller businesses and collectivizes some farms. The Order begins to expand into other areas of Europe, seeking to grow understanding as well as pushing Albionic ideals. Albion continues to explore farther west and south. A clockmaker from Cambridge becomes popular for his accurate timepieces and the exquisite wood housing. He creates a chime for the St Mary's Cathedral, the chimes are called the Cambridge Chimes (OTL Westminster Quarters aka Big Ben's chime). The Chimes become so popular, other clock-makers incorporate the chimes into their clocks. The Crown Dominion of Hamburg does well this year, as an influx of trade begins to repair the wounds of several wars. The English Renaissance is born when several painters in London show off some impressive works. Trade with the Mughal Empire begins to boom. ◾King Sigismund of Hungary, in light of bettering relations between the two allies, enquires about being able to lease the former Venetian port in Dublin. In exchange, 200 ships (100 caravels, 50 galleys, 50 cogs) will be sold to Albion. Hungary hopes this deal will be favourable for both nations.
 * Calais: Military and navy are expanded.
 * Dublin: Dublin undergoes another remodel and expansion to the ports due to the massive influx of trade from Castile and Venice as well as an increased Eire trade.
 * Scotland: Expands navy and military. Pan Albion sentiments grow, Trade increases. Whiskey is traded down to central Albion.
 * Wales: Wales expands its military and navy. Cardiff becomes a large centre of trade for Wales. The Welsh appoint Adam Cyrdger as Royal Minister. The first sessions of parliament are held. Wales does not see as large a population boom as Albion or Scotland, but a minor one, centered around Cardiff and Swansea, does occur.
 * Port Edmundburg expands by 1000 sq km east. The African colonists begin looking toward mining and other ventures to generate profit.
 * New Cambridgeshire: New Cambridgeshire expands by 1000 sq km west. Colonists begin to explore around the region and begin to have a large fishing boom. The Port of New Rotham is expanded to handle excess ships from Albion and other European nations and is renamed by popular vote as New Oxford. The people of New Oxford also begin an attempt to gain knowledge of farming in Borealia from Native Peoples.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire continues to recover by the earthquake, but by this time most of the damage has been recovered and most people have their homes back. Trade and normal city life resumes as per usual. To help finish the funding for the repairs, trade expands to new locations like the New World, North Africa, and the North Sea. Queen-Regent Elsa's efforts at handling the damages of the natural disaster have earned her the trust and tacit respect of the Roman people.
 * Albania: The armed cavalry begin to consider replacing the matchlock weapons used with the new leverlocks invented by the Romans. The cavalry begins to do so since they fire faster and are more efficient.
 * Epirus: The Epirote government begins the initial steps needed to integrate the country into the Roman Empire. Thanks to the Roman capital being reconstructed, this year's funds are used to finish rebuilding the fotifications in the country.
 * Naxos: The country continues to export goods such as marble, stone, olives, oil, and fish to other countries. The support of the Duke in aiding the reconstruction of Constantinople is appreciated by the Queen-Regent, and the Duke believes he is finally safe from the effects of the impending annexation.
 * Ragusa: Books in Dalmatian, Latin, and Italian continue to be printed and sold to various buyers. The small state continues to export goods such as timber, wax, and silver, enhancing its profits. Trade begins to follow the Roman network, and soon Ragusan ships are seen in western Europe as well as the Black Sea.
 * Castile: The Colony of Buenos Aires expands by (15 px) up the coast and establishes a captaincy farther south (5 px). The Castilian populace reaches about 10.1 million and growing. The Kingdom itself begins to expand its armed forces to nearly 80,000 and sends more military ships to Monaco to protect it from any aggression. The Castilian forces begin training exercizes. The Navy also begins to make serious advances in technology and armed attack formations along with its pushes out into the wide seas. The Colony of Buenos Aires reaches a population of about 12,000 and growing with the more families and women showing up. Castilian exploration ships begin exploring south to check out farther down the coast and look for the southern edge of the continent. Charles of Castile who had gone to the New World becomes governor of the Buenos Aires Colony. With the revolt in Seville Queen Alexis sends in the most experienced troops from both Castile and Aragon to keep control. However, she also announces that while Charles may be her husband he is not the leading monarch of Castile and Aragon, and that she will continue to rule with dignity and respect as she was before. Along with this, the Queen dictates to her husband that they will rule their own personal realms separately and that Austria will have no true power over Castile, Aragon or any of their possessions due to the pride and high national spirits of their accomplishments. Along with this, the Queen also dictates to her husband that in the event of her death that one of their sons will ascend to the throne of Castile and not Charles - and the brother will ascend to the throne of Austria. Alexis writes up a treaty dictating the terms to her husband and requests it be signed publicly in Seville to solidify her stern stance on any true outside influences on Spain and prove to the people of Seville that Austria will not come to dominate or take over Castile and Aragon now collectively being known as Spain. A Ceremony is held for passed King Ferdinand, and his Leading heir bearing the same name honoring their lives once again. This is named a national holiday. Phillip is put into the Spanish Royal education system. Rodrigo Torez dies of old age in the Incan port city and begins demonstrations of his weaponry and technology in the Incan city. Spain supports Bengals actions with the Indian league against the Mughals in order to maintain favor and the East Indian company hires 15,000 mercenaries to aid the Indian League's War.
 * Kingdom of Aragon: With Castilian assistance various infrastructural areas are rebuilt and the military is expanded to a token force of 10,000. Along with this support the Aragonian economy recovers slowly with a slow but controlled influx of Castilian economic aid helping Aragon recover. The ruling magistrate over Aragon signs a landmark trade deal with Castile which allows for Aragon's usage of Castile's large amounts of trade posts down the coast of Africa. The Aragonians now in control of the Spanish South African trading company fund the creation of the expansion of the Trade outpost into a formal colony to be settled much like Morocco and Granada were by Castile. The Colony of Cape Ferdinand expands 10 px up the coast and expands the captaincy down the coast now covering the mouth of the Orange River on the coast (5 px). It's mostly populated by Castilians who are the main people moving to the colonies. Aragon's population continues to be culturally integrated with the next generation speaking primarily Spanish with Catalan being phased out by the newer generation. Aragon recognizes Alexis of Castile as their Queen.
 * Kingdom of Cyprus: Cyprus gaining large funds from being a Castilian trade hub, begins building a few ships domestically, and purchases ships from Castile, or her allies shipwrights forming a respectable Cypriot navy of almost 90 ships with expected expansion to come. This expansion has been achieved specifically thanks to huge amounts of outsourcing to private shipwrights. Cyprus begins to see an exodus of the Knights Hospitaller west to Castile and her territories and King Matthias begins a larger recruitment for the military managing to raise a force of nearly 10,000. This force is largely funded through the large trade Cyprus has gathered. The troops are styled after Castile's royal army and Cyprus embarks on an intense training program in order to bring them up to standards. The Knights, with many departing, also have many older and other knights stay due to their close ties with Cyprus. They remain to run the Knights Hospitaller in Cyprus for the foreseeable future while a large number have migrated across the sea. The Kingdom of Cyprus due to the recent issues in Castile reluctantly recognizes Carlos and his Regency for Prince Ferdinand. Cyprus itself with its fleet of nearly 100 ships begins to take after the Venetian example with trade and begins to put Cypriot merchant ships into state possession for trade in order to help with the kingdom's finances and heavy trade. This show immediate results as a relative increase in funding and attention to trade between Castile and her allies begins to improve the quality of trade. The Assassins Guild sets up in Cyprus looking to prevent issues in the kingdom with corruption and serving as their base into Muslim countries. The King of Cyprus on his deathbed declares that a vote by the nobles on whether to join Castile will be held and a public forum will be held on what the people think of this.
 * Kingdom of Morocco: The country begins the construction of various canals and cultivates trees farther inland to help increase arable farmland. The Moroccan economy continue to expand with greater trade coming from Castile and the Canaries all the way down to Capo Verde increasing the relative wealth. The Kingdom with many canals having been completed has vastly expanded its farmland among other things. Morocco's total population reaches one million with Christianity becoming dominant in the area. Calne-Vicuna is finished and is opened as a center for Christianity in North Africa with a library said to rival old Alexandria's. The Moroccan Assassins Guild forms and spreads keeping the peace and killing the corrupt as well as making Morocco much more peaceful for Castilian Rule. The Kingdom of Morocco officially enters into a personal union with Castile following the magistrates and princes deeming it unnecessary for the King to not have full control in the country. The Magistrates, however, are fully re-instated to continue as they were just under direction of the monarch of Castile.
 * Kongo: The Kingdom begins to work toward a trade and production economy focusing on helping provide resources for Castile's burgeoning West African trade network. The King of the Kongo converting to Christianity and being baptised begins to call for the expansion of ports to the best of the Kongolese architects' abilities. With the King also adopts the name John, in favor of the king who began these exploratory operations down the coast of Africa. The King also organized a band of Christian soldiers who help keep the peace who also begin to help with conversions to Christianity as a series of missionaries and high level priests from the Western Church have come on a ship hearing of many pagans and heretics to convert. The King makes multiple successful campaigns against various of the petty kings in Kongo killing two of them and leaving the third on the run. The Christianization of multiple areas is completed and multiple others are begun. The Kingdom of the Kongo in an attempt to increase economic output and trade begins to export a moderate amount of raw materials to Castile and begins to push toward heavy exploitation methods if possible.
 * Mapuche: With the defeat by the Spanish a royal governor is appointed by the Castilians. The governor immediately goes to work to prevent his workforce from being killed by disease and to prevent revolts and by immediately marching groups of about 1000 people to the colonial capital. These people are immediately transferred onto available ships and throughout the year are sent up the coast via Spanish ships to a location unknown to the Mapuche. The Mapuche also continue to see major issues from European contact are given orders to isolate themselves if they are sick to prevent further expansion of the disease. The governor also manages to gain a force of about 200 as a garrison. The Mapuche people begin to see the first mixed children between Spanish and Mapuche people. The Spanish institute the Ecomienda system. However, the Spanish governor, in order to keep control of the people, orders the Spanish heads of the system to treat the natives fairly in order to prevent mass deaths from overworking and resentment. Spanish farming techniques have definitely prevented starvation as the Mapuche continue to expand toward the coast building a road to connect it all. The Spanish governor, also using the local Mapuche as scouts, is able to expand much more than the Buenos Aires colony and uses this to his advantage to secure more land to be able to turn over to Spanish settlers. The Royal Governor expands by 1000 sq km down the coast using captured prisoner natives as labor for this.
 * Grand Duchy of Hamburg: Events in Hesse are watched carefully, though it becomes clear Bavaria and company are gaining the upper hand. Count Heinrich, who fought alongside the Hessians in the Prussian war, does not wish to see the utter destruction of Hamburg's former ally. After consulting Duchess-Regent Adelheid, the warring nations are asked to come to Lauenburg, to negotiate a peace.
 * Duchy of Mecklenburg: Economy expanded.
 * Magdeburg: Economy expands.
 * Williamsburg: Expands 4 px.
 * Neue Lüneburg: Trade increases.
 * County of Oldenburg: The comital army continues fighting in the regions of Hesse bordering Oldenburg and Osnabruck. OHG ships have managed to take the Hessian outpost in Greenland. Count Christian VI agrees to his daughter's request to negotiate. He urges other parties to do the same. 
 * Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: The episcopal army supports the Oldenburger in the war against Hessian expansionism.
 * Natigosteg L'nu: Naval and military expansion continues. More ships are constructed, bolstering trade in the region. The military continues to be retrained, with more pikemen and arquebusiers coming into use in maneuvers. Tea continues to be cultivated in Natigosteg and, increasingly, in Labrador, where new varieties grow quite well. As more land is taken for farmland, immigration north increases, resulting in an expansion of Ungava by 1000 km southeast. Yaldan, noticing the expansionistic sentiments of the St Lawrence Iroquois, sends a proposal of a joint expedition against them to the Algonkian tribes along the river, who are threatened with conquest. (Mod response needed).
 * No. I said stop doing tribes that do not exist on the map. It's not okay. -Feud 
 * So I can't interact in any way with the millions of people who inhabit the areas of the map not claimed by a specific country? Simply because of an arbitrary sentiment which isn't even in the rules? Seems logical.
 * Safavid Empire: We build up our military and navy. We continue to build walls and outposts around our capital city. The building of the biggest mosque in the nation is continuing now. Port cities are being rebuilt. More ships are being made for our navy. Our own version of guns are being made. Farming is becoming one of the most important industries, besides blacksmithy, trading and fishing. The building of the first college in the capital city is continuing. Guns are now mass produced in our country. We continue to make more woodblock printing presses for our libraries. Prototype cannons at three feet long are continuing to be made. A trade route from our home country to Oirat is mapped out. People are now trading with each other on this trade route. Foreign exchange banks are becoming popular in our country due to the ETA (Eurasian Trade Agreement). Trade has increased due to the ETA. A new art form is continuing to be drawn. It is a mix of Safavid, Oirat and Mughal art. Our art is continuing to be popular with all of the nation around us. We continue to vassel Khanate of Khiva by bringing in troops and Islamic leaders to influence them in our way. Trade goes well with the Dutch merchants. All slaves that come from the Oyo nation are continuing to be converted to Shiite Islam. Our leader's son Zadok's first son is born. His name is Rahman. At age 81 Junayd Shirazi dies. A ceremony is being done for him. Also a statue is being built of him. We declare war on Shahdom of Verkana. (Can a mod please make an algo for this?)
 * Rajya of Marwar: The economy expands.During these events, Rao Raja Singh sends more architects from Marwar to the Mughal who would design Mandirs in the Mughal Empire and also for priests to spread Hinduism in the Mughal Empire. The nation also supports numerous marriages between members of the Rajput clans and Mughali noble families. With the sudden proclamation of war aid is asked from Tibet (eco turn).
 * Tibet: After a brief meeting with the king our ambassadors agree to send aid the the Mughals.
 * I question this because Tibet and Bengal have been allies for quite some time, and Tibet warred against the Mughals in the first Indian War, and finally, Tibet and the Mughals have had no relations that I know of besides the war.
 * Rajya of Jaisalmer: The nation expands its economy and is introduced into the Marwari-Mughali trade system, preparations for war are made.
 * Mughal Empire: The economy of the nations is expanded and architects sent by Emperor-Khan Raja Singh ud-din Muhammad Bahadur issue the building of the already designed temples. The Mughali prosperity continues as the Eurasian trade agreement is set into motion. (eco turn). Muhammad Mirza continues writing his book, while discussing the eastern culture, religion and knowledge with the young Karl van Nassau-Orleans of the Netherlands. Lady Maria Namur gives birth to another young girl, whose name is Priya. Preparations for war are made
 * Southern Chagatai (PSFSCK): The economy is expanded. Preparations for war are made
 * The Great Liao Empire: Cement and iron increase in production. Iron weapons are now majorly used. As we increase in population, we slowly target our expansion northward. We continue to develop our firearms. We continue to study the printing press and make more of them. We begin building up our military and create even tougher practices. We expand our settlement at North Baikal Lake. We begin sending our soldiers next to the Baikal Jurchens. 20,000 soldiers are sent back from the Baikal Lake and we start recriting more soldiers to reach a 150,000 army. We continue building up on our border against the Baikal Jurchens. We create the eight inch cannon. We ramp up our military. We build more cannons (siege equipment). We also develop primitive hand grenades. With our great ally, the Mughal Empire at war, we declare war on the Indian Coalition. Our workshops begin working at full speed, supplying the armies of Liao, Safavid and Mughal. We begin sending 20,000 soldiers to the Mughal Empire.
 * Yakutsk: We expand by 200 sq km.
 * Liao D: We ask for trade relationships with European nations.
 * Liao D to China: We send some more taels of silver.
 * Liao D to Tartary and Safavid: We ask our dear allies to give us support for our future conquest of the Baikal Jurchens.
 * Bahmani: We begin to build up our military and expand our economy. We begin to expqnd our trade routes and expand our infrastructure as well as increase science and math education. We decide to protest the recent war by Bengali against the Mughal Empire and request the rest of the League to join us.
 * Tibet: With the declaration of war against the Mughal Empire we send aid to our ally. The Emperor requests that we join the Eurasian Trade Agreement. With the war the Mughals we send 5000 troops and 1000 bows and arrows to aid. The loyalists continue to vassalise Lanna (Turn Two of Three) and build up our military. (Mil turn).
 * Are you sending you support to Begials? Please specificy (not sure what you're doing here LOL). -Feud
 * Sorry, I meant Mughals. -Sat
 * Netherlands: Maurice I king since the 1460's passes away due to health complications. William van Nassau-Orleans assumes the throne after a month mourning in which the dignataries of all of Europe's major houses are invited.  William assumes the title of King William I of the Netherlands. William, now 17, begins looking to either secure a marriage with one of the daughters of Queen Elsa of Scandinavia as his father wished or to secure a marriage with one of the other major ruling dynasties of Europe. The Kingdom continues to prosper as trade and banking provide a massive influx of capital. The stocks of the East India Company continue to develop more and more as trade with the orient evolves and solidifies. Military and naval expansion continue. Dutch shipwrights start exploring new ship designs that will allow for greater mobility and firepower. More of the Roman firearms are produced by Wallon gunsmithies. Some revisions are made to the current tactics used by the Royal Army mainly due to the oppprtunities provided by this new firearm which proves to be superior in firing capacity and cheaper to produce. The arts and sciences continue to flourish and develop as the courts and universities of the Netherlands fund them due to the large amounts capital avaliable to the nation. The bourgoeisie and aristocracy continue to grow as does their wealth. The luxurious life style of the Netherlands continues to evolve. Great mansions, town houses and public works are built, such as the Theatre of Brussels and the Arts building of the University of Amsterdam. The major cities continue to grow and the architectural style of the buildings continue to change. Influence over Sunda and the rest of the East Indies continue to grow as Batavia grows in importance within the region following the collapse of the Thai Empire. The first Dutch building is finished in Batavia becoming the headquarters of the East India Company in the Orient. Exploration and trading in the New World continue a settlement near the Amazon River is built. However, it is ultimately abandoned by the end of the Year due to inadequate supplies and the climate. Karl van Nassau-Orleans is named Prince of Holland until William gains an heir. Karl continues to listen to the stories Mirza tells, and after much harrassment he finally convinces his brother to name Mirza his main tutor. Wallon culture and the French language continue to influence the development of the national identity as French remains just as important as Dutch within political and academic circles.
 * Oyo Empire: Following the assessment conducted by Oyo military leaders of mock invasion of Oyo by the Europeans, the news is worrisome. Oyo could barely hold off the attack of numerous European states and their vassals, and as such, Oyo lost. It is concluded that for Oyo, and indeed, all of West Africa to survive a potential European invasion, a confederacy of nations to stand united in that time must be formed to prevent a tragedy in the region. To that end, Oyo begins influencing Akan, bringing much of its wealth and culture into the lands to negotiate with the local peoples. With the new Asaaju launching the "Peace through Reconcilation" program, Oyo seeks to bring new nations under its wings by showcasing the technology, wealth and power they have gained over the many decades, and establish a confederacy out of the local nations, seeking to uplift their neighbors and grant them a better life. The efforts in Akan prove successful, leading to many leaders in the loose country attending the meetings with the Oyo, and the two healing old wounds as Oyo informs them of their visit. Though the idea of joining Oyo as a political and military partner concern many Akan leaders, the Oyo inform them of the threat the new European colonies pose to their survival, especially when the Oyo explain the weaponry these white men have in their possession, and the fact that Oyo alone cannot protect them. As such, many Akan agree to the partnership, though they admit it will take many years to convince the rest of the Akan leaders, and thus, they will need time to work with them in gaining approval in joining a confederacy. The first year of Akan's vassalization (Turn One of Seven) begins. Oyo expands its military, economy, and infrastructure, and with the arrival of their new Portuguese-made ships, begins trading with the nations of Europe for additional goods and weapons. Oyo expands its colony in Port-Gentil by 250 km (exactly 1 pixel along the coasts, and 5 pixels on the ends).
 * Benin: With the annoucement of the confederacy by Oyo, Benin receives a request from Oyo to begin speaking with its neighbors about the new idea. As such, Benin sends its top diplomats to Nri (large state to the east of me), to negotiate on its joining as a member state. Though Nri declines immediately out of spite for Oyo, Benin makes it very clear that though Oyo and Nri may have had their issues in the past, the threat the Europeans pose to the entire region is much greater than their petty rivalry. The point begins to sink when Benin goes into detail about the Kingdom of Spain, which has been expanding quickly in the region, just next to Nri's lands. When Benin explains the threat the Spaniards pose to their own neighbors home, and that Nri would be no threat to them, Nri's leaders conclude that perhaps joining into a confederacy with Oyo would be much safer and would ensure their long-term survival. Though Nri dislikes Oyo and vise versa, they have a common threat, which alone, they cannot counter, but together, they can establish a bulwark against. The first year of Nri's vassalization (Turn One of Seven) begins.
 * Burkina: Burkina expands 10,000 km to the east, seeking to expand the lands that it has to feed its population, and place some buffer lands between Songhai and Oyo. Burkina sends diplomats to Songhai to negotiate a pact with them to establish a military alliance and a trade deal with them. With the recent arrival of the Europeans, Burkina appeals to the nobles in the lands who have taken notice of the white men arriving on their shores. With much to lose, many Songhai leaders have come to understand the offer Oyo through Burkina can provide, and Burkina capitalizes on that fear to push its deal through (mod response, please).
 * Ife: Ife begins its role in expanding the confederacy by approaching Nupe with the offer. Nupe's response is swift, with a strong negative tone. Though this slows Ife, it does not deter them from doing what they can to help their African brothers. Ife does what it can to get the Nupe to realize that this isn't about Oyo, Benin, Mali, or the Akan, but much greater than anything any of them could possible do to one another. In an audience with the king, the Ife diplomat impresses upon him the threat of the Europeans, who landed in Africa not to many years ago. Though the king disregards the threat the Europeans pose, the Ife diplomat requests the court follow him to the courtyard, where he has set up a demostration for them. In the courtyard of the palace, the Ife have set up targets, armor displays, a stand with Oyo-made European weapons, and a stable for horses. Taking the Nupe nobles throughout the displays, the Ife diplomat demostrates the weapons and armor possessed by the Europeans. First, the diplomat shows the power of the gun, firing a shot clear through Nupe armor loaned to the Ife team. While many nobles believe their gods will protect them, the Ife respond that so did many other tribes that aren't here anymore thanks to the gun. Next, the diplomat shows the nobles the horses, which the Nupe themselves do not possess. The fact that Nupe couldn't face Oyo who had horses only serves to prove the point that they will not be able to fight the Europeans who also have horses. As they are shown the armor next, the failure of the Nupe to damage the Oyo-made steel armor demostrates that they will not be able to counter the Europeans, whose armor is of much greater quality. As the demostration comes to an end, the king and his court acknowledge that they will need the aid of not only Oyo, but all of their neighbors to survive the coming age of the Europeans. The first year of Nupe's vassalization begins (Turn One of Five), though the king states he will need time to bring the rest of his nobility in line with the confederacy.
 * Lombardy: Work continues on the Certosa di Pavia, the Castle Visconteo, and on the extensive Milan Cathedral. We continue training a proper standing army, utilizing Swiss mercenaries and local recruits. With border disputes now settled between the nations of Austria and Switzerland, we continue opening friendly relations with both nations in hopes of repairing our diplomatic relations and protecting our northern border. We continue constructing cogs and galleys to strengthen our navy and protect our interests on the seas. Our turn is dedicated to economy in both our nation and our vassals. Wallis is declared a vassal of our nation, and we continue influencing them.
 * Novgorod: We continue the production of ships, cannons, muskets, advanced crossbows, swords, and composite bows, increasing our military capabilities in case of war. The nation’s training and advancement of military continues. The recent classes of Koch ships are being manufactured in Novgorod. The town of St Patriksburg’s population grows a bit more that last year. As the construction of the town improves, the Kremlin finishes, trade becoming more in demand, the town gains slightly. Because of the trade road built with Tver our economy increases. After seeing a great success with the private schools in the cities of Novgorod, St Patriksburg, Staraya Russa, and Nizhny Novgorod. We start building another private school in Rostov and Yaroslavl. We complete building private schools in Torzhok and a private school in Staraya Ladoga. We dedicate this turn to economy. As fur traders and hunters begin to move into Karelia, the border is expanded 3000 square miles directly to the north. We are pleased that peaceful terms have been met between us and Scandinavia, and we hope to improve relations in the future.
 * Tver: We complete the construction of the private school in Tver and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Yaroslavl, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Yaroslavl: We complete the construction of the private school in Yaroslavl and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Rostov: We completed the construction of the private school in Rostov and start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Yaroslavl, Muscovy. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Karelia: We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Eire (Member Nation of the UKGA): Eoghan O'Briain, intrigued by tales of a western land, goes on another voyage in a fleet of six ships sponsored by the King Tomas II, who has attained the title recently gained the title "the Enterprising" for his sponsorship of merchant-class enterprises and especially voyages of exploration. O'Briain is granted a charter by the Eiric Exploration company and gathers a group of traders, adventurers, farmers, and fortune seekers and establishes the colony Nuaphail at OTL Dalhousie (Newpale in English, after the barrier that surrounds the main town which reminds the Irish of the old barrier dividing English Ireland and Irish Ireland, only ironically, the Irish are the ones inside the Pale this time), with the main city being known as Nua Luimneach (New Limerick), as the area it is settled on is akin to the Eiric city of Limerick. Meanwhile, the military is built up, after the Scandinavian War, and bitterness rises against Hamburg and the HRE. The pidgin language that has been spoken in the port cities of Eire that is related to Brythenglish becomes an official language of Eire, with it being entitled "Albionic". Our explorers discover much of the land between OTL Cape Cod and Labrador, and claim it for the UKGA and all aligned native tribes. A map is drafted of these regions. Galway becomes the main center for Western trade and colonization.
 * Nuaphail: After the first year of the colony, the first major wave of settlers begins to arrive at the fledgling town of Nua Luimneach/Limerick. Composed of a diverse group of indentured servants, fortune-seekers, soldiers, missionaries, and free settlers, the vast majority are from Eire, specifically the port cities of Limerick, Tralee, and Galway, but a smattering are from other parts of Eire and even the kingdoms of Great Albion. We also begin to send single women, who are rewarded for their passage to the colony in money and other goods. Friendly relations are established with the Natigosteg L'nu, and other surrounding Mi'kmaq tribes though there are some raids, and we come to the L'nu with various trinkets and a picture of King Tomas II and one of the Eiric countryside. Due to the bounty of the surrounding area in natural resources, there is more than enough food, especially with the help of the L'nu, and the first batches of cod and lumber are exported. Missionaries of the Western Church are sent to all surrounding tribes, and we sail up the OTL St Lawrence as far as OTL Quebec City, with missionaries spreading the Faith and trinkets to native people in exchange for food and loyalties. We expand 1000 pixels along both the north and south shores of Chaleur Bay.
 * Scandinavian Empire: As the economic downturn is just about over, Scandinavia launches a colonization effort, which leaves in March of this year. After months of battling the North Atlantic, the explorers reach an area of Borealia that could be a great site for a colony. The ships land in OTL New York and create the official colony of Vinland on Manhattan Island. In the meantime, the military is expanded, especially the Seventh Fleet.
 * Finland: The military is expanded. We expand northward by 3500 sq km.
 * Iceland: The military is expanded
 * Schleswig: The military is expanded.
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Bavaria expands its economy. Franz-Albert returns from Augsburg following the completion of his term as chancellor, and returns to his role as ruler of the nation. The population continues to rise. Grand Duchess Regent Elisabeth II and her council continue to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with twenty-five very large cogs being finished. We begin using an established trade route, with important stops in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany, due to a longstanding trade deal. Continuing in 1511, Elisabeth commissions six cogs to sail around western Mediterranean coasts. The market center in Landshut continues to attract Bavarian and Venetian traders. In religious news, around 76% of the country adheres to the Western Church. Most adherents live around Munchen and Landshut. In other news, Bavaria continues implementing the Alliance and Merchant Act as well as the Militia and Navy Act. The Bavarian Court continues hosting a largely Venetian composition. However, many Bavarian families have intermingled with the Venetians, creating a distinct social class and gentry. In national news, the common courts continue to be implemented around Bavaria as several of the lower class make use it of. The serf laws begin to be used as well. Skeptics who theorized that the serf laws would mark no profound change in society begin to be proven wrong. In 1511, as many as two hundred serfs sue for their freedom. Franz-Albert begins to ponder a law that would fully abolish serfdom, seeing how it has more or less deteriorated in Bavaria. The wild unpopularity of these laws begin to wear off as well. Franz-Albert further incorporates the Collegiate Writs, allowing many more lower class men to enter college. In legal news, Franz-Albert continues implementing the Bavarian Commands. The war continues against the nation of Hesse, with our soldiers being put to use in an invasion. (Cookie asked me to post this.)
 * Munchen: By 1511, the total class of Queen Isabell University amounts to about 4500 men. Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. The Collegiate Writs begin to draw more men to college.
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Wurzburg: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. A religious change begins occurring in Wurzburg upon the ascension of Franz-Albert, where many more Western Christians begin inhabiting the bishopric. The clergy begins being alarmed and they fear displacement. An envoy dispatched by Franz-Albert attempts to quell their fears.
 * Thuringia: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert and Count Regent Vittorio continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Countess Elisabeth normalizes taxes in an effort to subset any rebellion. War continues against Hesse.
 * Saxony: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert and Count Regent Vittorio continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Countess Elisabeth normalizes taxes in an effort to subset any rebellion. War continues against Hesse.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 1000 sq km each settlement. The vassalage of the Guixirienne begins (the Guajirean peoples) (Turn Two of Five). As the colony grows more settlers travel to the mainland of the Nouvelle Orleans and into the now friendly Aurienne empire in the south (Quimbaya, FTW!) The population of the colony reaches around 22,000 thousand composed mostly of settlers and a few more in the Aurienne kingdom. While this, the ambassador from the Tartars arrive and the first attempts to establish relations with them begins. A group of a 20 diplomats of Aurienne and their servants are sent to Tartary as well as a group of French diplomats.
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy are built up.
 * Sardinia: Military and economy are built up.
 * Basel: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aargau: Military and economy are built up. The French presence begins to be felt. However, the attempts to establish a pro-Germanic government in order to avoid eventual uprisings, internal vassalization begins as well to fully convince German leadership.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up.
 * Trier: Military and economy are built up.
 * Julich: Military and economy are built up.
 * Zweibrucken: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aurienne: The kingdom begins establishing its control over the regions sending a dozen of "diplomats" into Europe to establish more active relations with the French and their allies. Military and economy are built up, the nation expands both west and east toward the colonies of the French. Some locals begin dying from small pox and other known European diseases.
 * Copy paste for Sine :D -Feud
 * Cahokia: Integration of the Moundville and Etowah begins. The great cheiftan dies and his takes the role.We expand north along Modern Day Lake Michigan. Military turn
 * Rumania: Stephen, now 36, continues to work on improving the economy; Iron, salt and coal mines dot the landscape. Coal is produced for metalworking and heating. These mines provide the resources required by the foundries and traders on the coast. The growing mines require more processing facilities, which spur more development along the coast. More large shipyards open and the lumber industry continues to expand. The first Leverlock shop is supplemented by a much larger second, and hundreds are built and exported across the eastern Mediterranean. The Danube becomes a highway of commerce, hundreds of barges travel up and down its length transporting people, materials, goods, and ideas. As much as 9% of the nation has reached basic literacy, and the Moralists promote education of commoners by priests, in order to give everyone the opportunity to read the bible. Education among the elite is becoming almost mandatory. Constantius, now 12 and his brother Radu, now 11, begin their education in matters of state and policy.
 * The Consulate of Bulgaria: The economy continues to grow. The printing press spreads south into Bulgaria just as in Rumania. Ties with Rumania are strengthened; hundreds of Romanians move into the country, seeking cheap and productive land, and inter-marriage becomes very common. Bulgarians also begin to migrating to trade towns in Romania to seek more economic opportunities. Bulgarian populations in Rumania now represent a large minority, and the same can be said about Romanians in Bulgaria. Ethnic tensions are uncommon in both nations as multi-ethnic communities existed before the large migrations.
 * Fusahito Theocracy: Newly emancipated slaves begin to take advantage of the state Land Bank to purchase land cheaply in underdeveloped regions, particularly the Date Province. However, this is happening at a slower rate than imagined by the Emperor, something he puts down to the ignorance of the old slaves. This causes problems, as ex-slaves are evicted from their old homes by the feudal lords who own around 90% of the land, leaving them nowhere to go. Although limited amounts of land are available, the reluctance of the peasantry to enter into debt means that they begin to view emancipation in a negative light, discontent which soon degenerates into scattered rural violence. Econ turn  However, whilst chattel based slavery is outlawed, debt based slavery is kept legal, even in some cases encouraged. This is done to protect the Emperor's interests and to prevent an open revolt against the unpopular measures introduced. In the meantime, the  Emperor continues to provide financial and economic support to the Hosokawa Clan and the Japanese islands to the North which have thrown off the yoke of Chinese dominance. These measures continue to draw these Japanese patriots closer to the Theocracy. (Year Four of Sixteen).
 * |onte continues to have a large surplus of grain. Though adopting "western farming", the idea of "the tribe" is still very much so alive, as people always share the crops they have grown, or the animals they have hunted amongst the community. Mon's children advocate the planting of trees in small groves. Throughout the year, Mon's children go elephant hunting, though it is very dangerous, as they are hunting them with arquebuses, and the whole process requires much co-ordination. However, the results are said to be spectacular, as the tribe gains new wealth in the collected ivory, and the elephant meat is considered a rarity. The season resulted in twelve elephants being killed, an increase due to the recently build elephant pen. Much of the younger generation knows how to hunt, and begin to help their parents, increasing the prosperity of the tribe. Not only do they know how to hunt, but in accordance with tribal tradition, each one of them may become a warrior if the need be, trained both in the arquebus and the bow, though the arquebus is gaining much ground against the arrow. |onte is becoming very rich with money made from elephant hunting, as they have nothing to spend the money on. Ma-n!o continues to police his "Rikisi-ate", hunting down the remaining native men. Niko sends coconuts to |onte at a cheap price. Ma-n!o begins to build a merchant fleet independant of |onte. |on is taught by the tribesmen to their new wives and children. Mon II begins teaching children in the vicinity of the Kunene how to read, causing great interest amongst children of these strange characters, that give them a new form to play.  Mon II begins the project that will be his life's work: the Kunene library. Debarubo takes time to consolidate the recently earned lands, and raiding his new frontiers. Debarubo plays with the concept of claiming his family as the "Rikisis" of |onte. |onte's population rises to over 10,000.
 * Aztec Empire: The Spanish language continues to be studied and learned. Immunity among the people begins to grow noticeable, as new children are being born with the immunities. Although more die, we continue the quarantine. We update and enhance our military, as Emperor Tezcacoatl I has requested. Christianity begins to be studied, as many priests and missionaries have been more than happy to teach the people, some even for free. The Aztecs begin to accept the new religion, as sacrificial paganism became too disliked by the people under Emperor Montezuma II's reign. We ask the Emperor Tlaco II to continue our prosperous alliance which has lasted over 100 years. We request the Spanish to teach us their religion, and some of the information about their world. We offer more silver to the Spanish that have been helping us combat disease. The old idea of the elders, of limiting and segregating sick people is put into use. The reconstruction of military bases continues, and the population continue to hover at 2.8 million.
 * Dai Viet: This turn is officially dedicated to military expansion. The nation of Dai Viet begins expanding its military to protect the nation against any foreign attack. The government begins an active role in equipping some units, using its funds to ensure that the entirety of the militia is equipped with pikes and swords. Crossbows also begin to be used in select units, which are trained to be most effective during cavalry charges and to provide support for our infantry. Government forces are called and put to the test securing our southern border, garrisoning in recently acquired territory. Alongside expanding ground forces, the government also sees to need to expand naval forces, a process that began several decades ago. Small ships capable of longer journeys are constructed in major port cities, and cities in the south along the coast are expanded to facilitate naval activity on par with our northern cities. Trade ships are attracted to our major ports from nearby nations. Facilities are upgraded to better facilitate trade. With several dozen small trade ships and warships under the command of the government vassals, and several ships under its personal command, the government orders a series of operations in the east waters of the nation, hoping to root out pirates and protect trade routes. As a test of our navy, our largest warships, equipped with cannons and other weapons, make several expeditions around the Biển Đông (South China Sea). Several more trade posts are established in the Philippines. We also make several expeditions to the Riau Islands, where we come into contact with the Orang laut people. Settlements on the Riau Islands grow as more people begin to settle them.
 * Tawatinsuyu: With people dying each day, the Inca people lash out against the Spanish.  Military is developed. The Sapa Inca remains bilissfully unaware of the ongoing attacks against the Spanish. The disruption of communications due to the ongoing outbreaks prevents the cenus from being taken.
 * Burjid Sultanate: Reconstruction of the Sultanate after the Civil War continues with infrastructure buildup and construction of mosques continuing. Since the citizens have been united in peace under the Islamic faith there is a Sunni revival nationwide. With the revival there is more support for the Mosque model and since mosques are the center of the towns infrastructure build up continues at a faster rate. With more infrastructure the easier it is to build mosques and with more mosques there are more members of the nationwide Sunni revival.
 * Austria: This turn in both our nation and in all our vassals is dedicated to military. We train and expand our military using new experience from recent wars, and grow our nation economically. In Morocco our position in Melilla is fortified. All fortifications around the region are rebuilt and manned by stationed guards in case of an attack. To protect Melilla the construction of a fortress outside the city is considered, although postponed for now. The port of Melilla is rebuilt to begin operation as a trade port and military outpost. Construction continues on a shipyard in the Melilla port to facilitate the construction and repair of friendly ships. Melilla is granted a permanent naval garrison in the city’s port to respond to dangers in the area, and to support the small garrison on land which mans the fortifications. Our position in Morocco is fortified by re-inforcements, bringing Melilla operational against attacks. For now a small fleet is stationed in its harbor, while its garrison continues to hold the north and its supply lines, supporting our Christian brethren.  With much of the Muslim population of Melilla left dead after the war against Morocco, the local government attempts to entice settlers by offering large quantities of land to Christian settlers. Many Europeans, particularly of German descent and/or from central Europe begin settling the area around Melilla. With finances from Augsburg-based banking establishments, the Trieste Company continues to launch expeditions to West Africa. Abrechtburg has grown to a decently sized settlement, supporting a population of farmers, traders, and a small garrison of soldiers. The town also houses a well furbished fort, armed with a small amount of cannons intended to defend the settlement and the harbor from any attack. Built out of necessity, the port at Abrechtburg is refurbished and expanded to support more trade ships, and allied countries are welcomed to trade and stay in the town. The second largest settlement in Westenland, Dominusburg, follows suit, finishing the construction of a port similar to Abrechtburg‘s. Trade posts continue to be built and exploited, now numbering several dozen along the coast of Westenland and into allied territory. Our reliance on the Wolof becomes less so, but we sign a trade agreement with their nation to continue our positive relationship. Deals are made with the Wolof for slaves and other goods. Conversion of the natives begin around the settlement. Several bimereiches and caravels begin construction in Trieste, Melilla, Corfu, and other ports,  to further facilitate and protect overseas trade. Trade is increased with the Grand Duchy of Bavaria and other trade partners, bringing about new avenues of trade and commerce.
 * Pskov works on economy
 * Shahdom of Verkana: Shah Farbod Bavandid travels directly back to Verkana after hearing of the Safavid's declaration of war. On the way back to Verkana, the Shah sends an emmisary from his envoy to the Tartary Empire, calling them into the war, requesting aid. Meanwhile in Verkana, Regent Sepehr manages to hold together the defense against the oncoming storm of Safavid forces while they wait for the return of the Shah and aid from the Tartary Empire. The fortification of the southern border in recent years has helped significantly in holding up against the Safavids. When the Shah returns to Verkana, he leads the defensive on the front lines.
 * Zapoteca: With the number of immune people in the population growing, disease begins to dwindle in the Empire. The Spanish aid is greatly appreciated. The Emperor continues financing Spanish settlers to come to the kingdom and marry into the population. Trade increases and continues with the Spanish. Tlaco II expands roadways connecting cities in the alliance to help merchants and soldiers move freer between them. The military, which had been outdated for many years, continues to be upgraded. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. In the coastal regions under Danibaan's influence, more boats are created. Tlaco II orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Itzapam begins to prosper under Zapotecan rule, improving their economy immensely.

1512
The revolts in various coastal Madagasikaran territories has led multiple Muslim areas throwing off their oppressors along the coast and allying with each other (5, 10, 10 undoubled Special NPC bonus) These three states remain at arms to keep their newfound independence from being wasted.
 * Portugal: Continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Leiname. By this time, the colony in Leiname starts to export wheat to Portugal. Meanwhile, some Portuguese explorers continue to explore the African coast. The Açores continue to be settled. Meanwhile, the new ships that been developed, called naus, and that are similar to the Castilian carracks, begin to be used. Naval explorations directed to the west continue, after news that new lands may have been found there. Meanwhile, Santa Cruz expands north by 1000 sq km. Meanwhile, pau-brasil (brazilwood) starts to be extracted in the colony. Meanwhile, the colony of São Sebastião expands 1000 sq km.
 * Oyo Diplomacy: Oyo would like to acquire from the Portuguese fifteen naus vessels. We will pay in gold and diamonds if you are willing.
 * Prussia: The Prussians begin to develop their military. The Prussians continue to build their new navy. Prussia continues to Germanize their ethnic minorities. King Karl II dies suddenly, and his heir is crowned King Karl III.
 * Courland: The Curonians also continue developing their military.
 * Estland: Ossel-Wiek also continues developing their military. Duke Franz continues to reshape the face of Arensburg.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 1000 sq km each settlement. The vassalage of the Guixirienne begins (the Guajirean peoples) (Turn Five of Five). The colonies continue growing as expected. The navy begins a huge update in order to establish a stronger control over over seas territories such as the colonies and to have further control over Africa. while this the king seeks for the French influence to grow in unexpected territories. sending a group of diplomats and explorers into Mali/Songhai (whoever is there) in order to create an ally in the region and attempting to establish a relationship (vassalage or protectorate) exploiting the hatred seems to be in the region against the Oyo empire (Vassalage Turn One out of +/- 20)
 * Mali/Songhai got conquered by Oyo, so you can't vassalize it. Sky Green 24 19:55, May 28, 2014 (UTC)
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy are built up.
 * Sardinia: Military and economy are built up.
 * Basel: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aargau: Military and economy are built up. The French presence begins to be felt. However, the attempts to establish a pro-Germanic government in order to avoid eventual uprisings, internal vassalization begins as well to fully convince German leadership.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up.
 * Trier: Military and economy are built up.
 * Julich: Military and economy are built up.
 * Zweibrucken: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aurienne: The kingdom begins establishing its control over the regions sending a dozen of "diplomats" into Europe to establish more active relations with the French and their allies. Military and economy are built up. The nation expands both west and east toward the colonies of the French. Some locals begin dying from smallpox and other known European diseases.
 * Hamburg: Lauenburg, capital of Hamburgs Saxe-Lauenburg province, hosts the delegates from the opposing sides of the recent war. The Bavarians, Oldenburgers and Luxembourgers are welcomed into the city's inns. Those of Hesse, find it much more difficult, their betrayal of Hamburg remains all too fresh in the minds of the citizens. The city hall hosts the negotiations themselves, with Duchess-Regent Adelheid and twelve year old Grand Duke Friedrich II watch as onlookers. Meanwhile, Hamburgs trade power, especially in the Baltic, continues to recover.
 * County of Oldenburg: Fighting ceases in Hesse as Oldenburger diplomats travel to Lauenburg to discuss an agreeable resolution to the conflict. Count Christian VI begins declining in health. He consoles his doctors, telling them he will make sure he lives until peace comes to his lands once more.
 * Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: The episcopal army also ceases hostilities whilst diplomats wrangle over the treaty in Lauenburg.
 * Manchu Empire: The "Dragon Emperor" gives birth to a second child. THe cities continue to grow and  trade with Russian tribes as well as our allies continue. We build up our military, We ask to join the ETA (Military turn).
 * Liao D to Manchu: We ask Manchu to join the Eurasian alliance.
 * The Great Liao Empire: Cement and iron increase in production. We develop the economy and trade by ETA. As we increase in population, we slowly target our expansion northward. We continue to develop our firearms. We continue to study the printing press and make more of them. We begin building up our military and create even tougher practices. We expand our settlement at North Baikal Lake. We begin sending our soldiers next to the Baikal Jurchens. We finished our enlisting and now they are in heavy training. We continue building up on our border against the Baikal Jurchens. We create the eight inch cannon. We ramp up our military. We build more cannons (siege equipment). We also develop primitive hand grenades. We sent another 20,000 elite well-armed soldiers to the Mughals. We create the nine provinces of the Liao Empire. We create another colony in OTL Nizhnevartovsk named Gorutsk.Liao_admin_divisions.png
 * Yakutsk: We expand by 500 sq km and trade with indigeneous people.
 * Gorutsk: We expand by 200 sq km and trade with indigeneous people.
 * Liao D: We ask for trade relationships with European nations.
 * Liao D to China: We send some more taels of silver.
 * Liao D to Tartary and Safavid: We ask our dear allies to give us support for our future conquest of the Baikal Jurchens.
 * No offense, Ninjas, but the suffix -sk is Russian and I believe that Nizhne means lower in Russian. <font color="#00AAE4">Sky Green 24 16:39, May 24, 2014 (UTC)
 * Safavid Empire: We build up our military and navy. We continue to build walls and outposts around our capital city. The building of the biggest mosque in the nation is continuing now. Port cities are being rebuilt. More ships are being made for our navy. Our own version of guns are being made. Farming is becoming one of the most important industries, besides blacksmithy, trading and fishing. The building of the first college in the capital city is continuing. Guns are now mass produced in our country. We continue to make more woodblock printing presses for our libraries. Prototype cannons at three feet long are continuing to be made. A trade route from our home country to Oirat is mapped out. People are now trading with each other on this trade route. Foreign exchange banks are becoming popular in our country due to the ETA (Eurasian Trade Agreement). Trade has increased due to the ETA. A new art form is continuing to be drawn. It is a mix of Safavid, Oirat and Mughal art. Our art is continuing to be popular with all of the nation around us. We continue to vassel Khanate of Khiva by bringing in troops and Islamic leaders to influence them in our way. Trade goes well with the Dutch merchants. All slaves that come from the Oyo nation are continuing to be converted to Shiite Islam. We declare war on Shahdom of Verkana. (Can a mod please make an algo for this?:)
 * Austria: This turn in both our nation and in all our vassals is dedicated to economy. We train and expand our military using new experience from recent wars, and grow our nation economically. In Morocco our position in Melilla is fortified. All fortifications around the region are rebuilt and manned by stationed guards in case of an attack. To protect Melilla the construction of a fortress outside the city is considered, although postponed for now. The port of Melilla is rebuilt to begin operation as a trade port and military outpost. Construction continues on a shipyard in the Melilla port to facilitate the construction and repair of friendly ships. Melilla is granted a permanent naval garrison in the city’s port, to respond to dangers in the area, and to support the small garrison on land which mans the fortifications. Our position in Morocco is fortified by re-inforcements, bringing Melilla operational against attacks. For now a small fleet is stationed in its harbor, while its garrison continues to hold the north and its supply lines, supporting our Christian brethren. With much of the Muslim population of Melilla left dead after the war against Morocco, the local government attempts to entice settlers by offering large quantities of land to Christian settlers. Many Europeans, particularly of German descent and/or from central Europe begin settling the area around Melilla. With finances from Augsburg-based banking establishments, the Trieste Company continues to launch expeditions to West Africa. Abrechtburg has grown to a decently sized settlement, supporting a population of farmers, traders, and a small garrison of soldiers. The town also houses a well furbished fort, armed with a small amount of cannons intended to defend the settlement and the harbor from any attack. Built out of necessity, the port at Abrechtburg is refurbished and expanded to support more trade ships, and allied countries are welcomed to trade and stay in the town. The second largest settlement in Westenland, Dominusburg, follows suit, finishing the construction of a port similar to Abrechtburg‘s. Trade posts continue to be built and exploited, now numbering several dozen along the coast of Westenland and into allied territory. Our reliance on the Wolof becomes less so, but we sign a trade agreement with their nation to continue our positive relationship. Deals are made with the Wolof for slaves and other goods. Conversion of the natives begin around the settlement. Several bimereiches and caravels begin construction in Trieste, Melilla, Corfu, and other ports,  to further facilitate and protect overseas trade. Trade is increased with the Grand Duchy of Bavaria and other trade partners, bringing about new avenues of trade and commerce. Naval assets in Westenland blockade Hessian possessions in West Africa, and ground forces seize the Ludwig Islands after relatively little fighting.
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Bavaria expands its military. The population continues to rise. Grand Duchess Franz-Albert and his council continues to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with twenty-five very large cogs being finished. We begin using an established trade route, with important stops in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany, due to a longstanding trade deal. Continuing in 1512, Franz-Albert commissions six cogs to sail around western Mediterranean coasts. The market center in Landshut continues to attract Bavarian and Venetian traders. In religious news, around 76% of the country adheres to the Western Church. Most adherents live around Munchen and Landshut. In other news, Bavaria continues implementing the Alliance and Merchant Act as well as the Militia and Navy Act. The Bavarian Court continues hosting a largely Venetian composition. However, many Bavarian families have intermingled with the Venetians, creating a distinct social class and gentry. In national news, the common courts continue to be implemented around Bavaria as several of the lower class make use it of. The serf laws begin to be used as well. Skeptics who theorized that the serf laws would mark no profound change in society begin to be proven wrong. In 1512, as many as two hundred serfs sue for their freedom. Franz-Albert begins to ponder a law that would fully abolish serfdom, seeing how it has more or less deteriorated in Bavaria. The wild unpopularity of these laws begin to wear off as well. Franz-Albert further incorporates the Collegiate Writs, allowing many more lower class men to enter college. In legal news, Franz-Albert continues implementing the Bavarian Commands. The war continues against the nation of Hesse, with our soldiers being put to use in an invasion. (Cookie asked me to post this.)
 * Munchen: By 1512, the total class of Queen Isabell University amounts to about 4500 men. Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. The Collegiate Writs begin to draw more men to college.
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Wurzburg: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. A religious change begins occurring in Wurzburg upon the ascension of Franz-Albert, where many more Western Christians begin inhabiting the bishopric. The clergy begins being alarmed and they fear displacement. An envoy dispatched by Franz-Albert attempts to quell their fears.
 * Thuringia: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert and Count Regent Vittorio continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Countess Elisabeth normalizes taxes in an effort to subset any rebellion. War continues against Hesse.
 * Saxony: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert and Count Regent Vittorio continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Countess Elisabeth normalizes taxes in an effort to subset any rebellion. War continues against Hesse.
 * Lombardy: Work continues on the Certosa di Pavia, the Castle Visconteo, and on the extensive Milan Cathedral. We continue training a proper standing army, utilizing Swiss mercenaries and local recruits. With border disputes now settled between the nations of Austria and Switzerland, we continue opening friendly relations with both nations in hopes of repairing our diplomatic relations and protecting our northern border. We continue constructing cogs and galleys to strengthen our navy and protect our interests on the seas. Our turn is dedicated to military in both our nation and our vassals. Wallis is declared a vassal of our nation, and we continue influencing them. We present the newly coronated pope with an elephant named Hanno, purchased from the Mughal Empire.
 * Novgorod: We continue the production of ships, cannons, muskets, advanced crossbows, swords, and composite bows, increasing our military capabilities in case of war. The nation’s training and advancement of military continues. The recent classes of Koch ships are being manufactured in Novgorod. The town of St Patriksburg’s population grows a bit more that last year. As the construction of the town improves, the Kremlin finishes, trade becoming more in demand, the town gains slightly. Because of the trade road built with Tver our economy increases. After seeing a great success with the private schools in the cities of Novgorod, St Patriksburg, Staraya Russa, and Nizhny Novgorod. We start building another private school in Rostov and Yaroslavl. We complete building private schools in Torzhok and a private school in Staraya Ladoga. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Tver: We complete the construction of the private school in Tver and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Yaroslavl, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Yaroslavl: We complete the construction of the private school in Yaroslavl and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Rostov: We completed the construction of the private school in Rostov and start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Yaroslavl, Muscovy. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Karelia: We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to military. As fur traders and hunters begin to move into Karelia, the border is expanded 3000 square miles directly to the north. We are pleased that peaceful terms have been met between us and Scandinavia, and we hope to improve relations in the future.
 * Natigosteg L'nu: Expansion of the navy continues, with it now stading at two dozen ships. Communication with Ungava improves, and interest in the fur trade greatly expands. An expedition explores further south, eventually reaching the limits of the large bay. Twenty men are left on Aksimiki Island at the southern end of the bay, where they continue trading with the tribes in the area. Ungava also expands 1000 km. Chakhun, returning from another expedition to Europe, sets up a school to begin teaching more people to read the Latin alphabet, which he had adopted for Mi'kmaq. He also begins translating some of the texts brought back from Europe into Mi'kmaq. The improved bureaucracy resulting from the spread of writing enables a more efficient direction of resources and the expansion of Labrador by 2000 km.
 * Oyo Empire: Oyo continues to influence the Akan into joining the confederacy, with the second year of vassalization beginning as the leaders of the Akan convene to contemplate the danger the Europeans pose and the possibility to joining with Oyo in a coalition to stand against the white men taking their ancestral lands. With the arrival of the Europeans the Oyo have stated are known as the French so close to their lands, and word of the wars these men have fought in the past concerning the Akan leaders of the intentions of the French. Elsewhere, the Oyo continue to expand their nation's navy by building additional eranko vessels, as well as purchasing additional Portuguese ships for their navy. With the new European vessels in their navy, the Oyo continue to expand their trade routes in East Asia, trading valuble goods and spices with the locals. Oyo expands its colony in Port-Gentil by 250 km along the coasts.
 * Benin: Benin continues to expand its navy and military forces, increasing the number of cannon in their possession. The nation of Neri continues to fall into Beninese control, with the second year of vassalization complete. The leaders of the nation invite many military leaders of the Benin to their nation to develop their own military forces. Benin ships many guns to the people of Neri, as the two nations increase their friendship allowing them to train their armies together.
 * Burkina: Burkina expands its borders by 10,000 km into the east over the borders of Oyo. Burkina continues to influence Songhai, beginning the first year of fifteen of vassalization. The Burkinan leaders advise the Songhai that the white men may attempt to push them apart, given the Europeans own history known as "divide and conquer", and that one of the local "colonies" of the Europeans may be the source of this influence. Many Songhai agree with this, though some of the others do not. As such, the Songhai permit the Burkina to send advisors into their lands should European influence be found.
 * Ife: The Ife begin the second year of vassalization of Nupe, as they gain the trust of the people. The Nupe and the Ife train together, with the Ife training the Nupe how to use guns as the two increase their relationship together with one another. The growth of Ife relations with Nupe begins to increase the relationship with the Oyo as well, as they begin to see each other in another light.
 * Vassals cant vassalize..... -Feud
 * Ife isn't a vassal. Please uncross it. ~Viva
 * Eire (Member Nation of the UKGA): Eoghan O'Briain, intrigued by tales of a western land, goes on another voyage in a fleet of six ships sponsored by the King Tomas II, who has attained the title recently gained the title "the Enterprising" for his sponsorship of merchant-class enterprises and especially voyages of exploration. O'Briain is granted a charter by the Eiric Exploration company and gathers a group of traders, adventurers, farmers, and fortune seekers and establishes the colony Nuaphail at OTL Dalhousie (Newpale in English, after the barrier that surrounds the main town which reminds the Irish of the old barrier dividing English Ireland and Irish Ireland, only ironically, the Irish are the ones inside the Pale this time), with the main city being known as Nua Luimneach (New Limerick), as the area it is settled on is akin to the Eiric city of Limerick. Meanwhile, the military is built up, after the Scandinavian War, and bitterness rises against Hamburg and the HRE. The pidgin language that has been spoken in the port cities of Eire that is related to Brythenglish becomes an official language of Eire, with it being entitled "Albionic". Our explorers discover much of the land between OTL Cape Cod and Labrador, and claim it for the UKGA and all aligned native tribes. A map is drafted of these regions. Galway becomes the main center for Western trade and colonization.
 * Nuaphail: After the first year of the colony, the first major wave of settlers begins to arrive at the fledgling town of Nua Luimneach/Limerick. Composed of a diverse group of indentured servants, fortune-seekers, soldiers, missionaries, and free settlers, the vast majority are from Eire, specifically the port cities of Limerick, Tralee, and Galway, but a smattering are from other parts of Eire and even the kingdoms of Great Albion. We also begin to send single women, who are rewarded for their passage to the colony in money and other goods. Friendly relations are established with the Natigosteg L'nu, and other surrounding Mi'kmaq tribes though there are some raids, and we come to the L'nu with various trinkets and a picture of King Tomas II and one of the Eiric countryside. Due to the bounty of the surrounding area in natural resources, there is more than enough food, especially with the help of the L'nu, and the first batches of cod and lumber are exported. Missionaries of the Western Church are sent to all surrounding tribes, and we sail up the OTL St Lawrence as far as OTL Quebec City, with missionaries spreading the Faith and trinkets to native people in exchange for food and loyalties. We expand 1000 km along both the north and south shores of Chaleur Bay.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire continues to recover by the earthquake, but by this time most of the damage has been recovered and most people have their homes back. Trade and normal city life resumes as per usual. To help finish the funding for the repairs, trade expands to new locations like the New World, North Africa, and the North Sea. Queen-Regent Elsa's efforts at handling the damages of the natural disaster have earned her the trust and tacit respect of the Roman people.
 * Albania: The armed cavalry begin to consider replacing the matchlock weapons used with the new leverlocks invented by the Romans. The cavalry begins to do so since they fire faster and are more efficient.
 * Epirus: The Epirote government begins the initial steps needed to integrate the country into the Roman Empire. Thanks to the Roman capital being reconstructed, this year's funds are used to finish rebuilding the fotifications in the country.
 * Naxos: The country continues to export goods such as marble, stone, olives, oil, and fish to other countries. The support of the Duke in aiding the reconstruction of Constantinople is appreciated by the Queen-Regent, and the Duke believes he is finally safe from the effects of the impending annexation.
 * Ragusa: Books in Dalmatian, Latin, and Italian continue to be printed and sold to various buyers. The small state continues to export goods such as timber, wax, and silver, enhancing its profits. Trade begins to follow the Roman network, and soon Ragusan ships are seen in western Europe as well as the Black Sea.
 * Yeman: We begin building up our military power, and send Islamic missionaries to important areas of the Middle East. Many begin to become more devote in their worship of Allah, and feel it is their duty to spread the Religon.
 * Fusahito Theocracy: Newly emancipated slaves begin to take advantage of the state Land Bank to purchase land cheaply in underdeveloped regions, particularly the Date Province. However, this is happening at a slower rate than imagined by the Emperor, something he puts down to the ignorance of the old slaves. This causes problems, as ex-slaves are evicted from their old homes by the feudal lords who own around 90% of the land, leaving them nowhere to go. Although limited amounts of land are available, the reluctance of the peasantry to enter into debt means that they begin to view emancipation in a negative light, discontent which soon degenerates into scattered rural violence. Econ turn  However, whilst chattel based slavery is outlawed, debt based slavery is kept legal, even in some cases encouraged. This is done to protect the Emperor's interests and to prevent an open revolt against the unpopular measures introduced. In the meantime, the  Emperor continues to provide financial and economic support to the Hosokawa Clan and the Japanese islands to the North which have thrown off the yoke of Chinese dominance. These measures continue to draw these Japanese patriots closer to the Theocracy. (Year Five of Sixteen).
 * Castile: The Colony of Buenos Aires expands by (15 px) up the coast and establishes a captaincy farther south (5 px). The Castilian populace reaches about 10.1 million and growing. The Kingdom itself begins to expand its armed forces to nearly 80,000 and sends more military ships to Monaco to protect it from any aggression. The Castilian forces begin training exercizes. The Navy also begins to make serious advances in technology and armed attack formations along with its pushes out into the wide seas. The Colony of Buenos Aires reaches a population of about 12,000 and growing with the more families and women showing up. Castilian exploration ships begin exploring south to check out farther down the coast and look for the southern edge of the continent. Charles of Castile who had gone to the New World becomes governor of the Buenos Aires Colony. With the revolt in Seville Queen Alexis sends in the most experienced troops from both Castile and Aragon to keep control. However, she also announces that while Charles may be her husband he is not the leading monarch of Castile and Aragon, and that she will continue to rule with dignity and respect as she was before. Along with this, the Queen dictates to her husband that they will rule their own personal realms separately and that Austria will have no true power over Castile, Aragon or any of their possessions due to the pride and high national spirits of their accomplishments. Along with this, the Queen also dictates to her husband that in the event of her death that one of their sons will ascend to the throne of Castile and not Charles - and the brother will ascend to the throne of Austria. Alexis writes up a treaty dictating the terms to her husband and requests it be signed publicly in Seville to solidify her stern stance on any true outside influences on Spain and prove to the people of Seville that Austria will not come to dominate or take over Castile and Aragon now collectively being known as Spain. A Ceremony is held for passed King Ferdinand, and his Leading heir bearing the same name honoring their lives once again. This is named a national holiday. Phillip is put into the Spanish Royal education system. An Expeditionary force is sent from Buenos aires which reaches the Inca port city and seizes it making an example of those who resist. nearly 500 Spanish soldiers construct a fort and with overlaying fields of fire with ships and cannons brought up to the fort. The Spanish send a much smaller expedition of 300 men brought up with promises of riches and land and this large cavalry unit plays major scare tactics with the Inca looking to scare them into submission
 * Kingdom of Aragon: With Castilian assistance various infrastructural areas are rebuilt and the military is expanded to a token force of 10,000. Along with this support the Aragonian economy recovers slowly with a slow but controlled influx of Castilian economic aid helping Aragon recover. The ruling magistrate over Aragon signs a landmark trade deal with Castile which allows for Aragon's usage of Castile's large amounts of trade posts down the coast of Africa. The Aragonians now in control of the Spanish South African trading company fund the creation of the expansion of the Trade outpost into a formal colony to be settled much like Morocco and Granada were by Castile. The Colony of Cape Ferdinand expands 10 px up the coast and expands the captaincy down the coast now covering the mouth of the Orange River on the coast (5 px). It's mostly populated by Castilians who are the main people moving to the colonies. Aragon's population continues to be culturally integrated with the next generation speaking primarily Spanish with Catalan being phased out by the newer generation. Aragon recognizes Alexis of Castile as their Queen.
 * Kingdom of Cyprus: Cyprus gaining large funds from being a Castilian trade hub, begins building a few ships domestically, and purchases ships from Castile, or her allies shipwrights forming a respectable Cypriot navy of almost 90 ships with expected expansion to come. This expansion has been achieved specifically thanks to huge amounts of outsourcing to private shipwrights. Cyprus begins to see an exodus of the Knights Hospitaller west to Castile and her territories and King Matthias begins a larger recruitment for the military managing to raise a force of nearly 10,000. This force is largely funded through the large trade Cyprus has gathered. The troops are styled after Castile's royal army and Cyprus embarks on an intense training program in order to bring them up to standards. The Knights, with many departing, also have many older and other knights stay due to their close ties with Cyprus. They remain to run the Knights Hospitaller in Cyprus for the foreseeable future while a large number have migrated across the sea. The Kingdom of Cyprus due to the recent issues in Castile reluctantly recognizes Carlos and his Regency for Prince Ferdinand. Cyprus itself with its fleet of nearly 100 ships begins to take after the Venetian example with trade and begins to put Cypriot merchant ships into state possession for trade in order to help with the kingdom's finances and heavy trade. This show immediate results as a relative increase in funding and attention to trade between Castile and her allies begins to improve the quality of trade. The Assassins Guild sets up in Cyprus looking to prevent issues in the kingdom with corruption and serving as their base into Muslim countries. The King of Cyprus on his deathbed declares that a vote by the nobles on whether to join Castile will be held and a public forum will be held on what the people think of this.
 * Kingdom of Morocco: The country begins the construction of various canals and cultivates trees farther inland to help increase arable farmland. The Moroccan economy continue to expand with greater trade coming from Castile and the Canaries all the way down to Capo Verde increasing the relative wealth. The Kingdom with many canals having been completed has vastly expanded its farmland among other things. Morocco's total population reaches one million with Christianity becoming dominant in the area. Calne-Vicuna is finished and is opened as a center for Christianity in North Africa with a library said to rival old Alexandria's. The Moroccan Assassins Guild forms and spreads keeping the peace and killing the corrupt as well as making Morocco much more peaceful for Castilian Rule. The Kingdom of Morocco officially enters into a personal union with Castile following the magistrates and princes deeming it unnecessary for the King to not have full control in the country. The Magistrates, however, are fully re-instated to continue as they were just under direction of the monarch of Castile.
 * Kongo: The Kingdom begins to work toward a trade and production economy focusing on helping provide resources for Castile's burgeoning West African trade network. The King of the Kongo converting to Christianity and being baptised begins to call for the expansion of ports to the best of the Kongolese architects' abilities. With the King also adopts the name John, in favor of the king who began these exploratory operations down the coast of Africa. The King also organized a band of Christian soldiers who help keep the peace who also begin to help with conversions to Christianity as a series of missionaries and high level priests from the Western Church have come on a ship hearing of many pagans and heretics to convert. The King makes multiple successful campaigns against various of the petty kings in Kongo killing two of them and leaving the third on the run. The Christianization of multiple areas is completed and multiple others are begun. The Kingdom of the Kongo in an attempt to increase economic output and trade begins to export a moderate amount of raw materials to Castile and begins to push toward heavy exploitation methods if possible.
 * Mapuche: With the defeat by the Spanish a royal governor is appointed by the Castilians. The governor immediately goes to work to prevent his workforce from being killed by disease and to prevent revolts and by immediately marching groups of about 1000 people to the colonial capital. These people are immediately transferred onto available ships and throughout the year are sent up the coast via Spanish ships to a location unknown to the Mapuche. The Mapuche also continue to see major issues from European contact are given orders to isolate themselves if they are sick to prevent further expansion of the disease. The governor also manages to gain a force of about 200 as a garrison. The Mapuche people begin to see the first mixed children between Spanish and Mapuche people. The Spanish institute the Ecomienda system. However, the Spanish governor, in order to keep control of the people, orders the Spanish heads of the system to treat the natives fairly in order to prevent mass deaths from overworking and resentment. Spanish farming techniques have definitely prevented starvation as the Mapuche continue to expand toward the coast building a road to connect it all. The Spanish governor, also using the local Mapuche as scouts, is able to expand much more than the Buenos Aires colony and uses this to his advantage to secure more land to be able to turn over to Spanish settlers. The Royal Governor expands by 1000 sq km down the coast using captured prisoner natives as labor for this.
 * Rajya of Marwar: The economy expands.During these events, Rao Raja Singh sends more architects from Marwar to the Mughal who would design Mandirs in the Mughal Empire and also for priests to spread Hinduism in the Mughal Empire. The nation also supports numerous marriages between members of the Rajput clans and Mughali noble families. The military is fully mobilized after the Indian war of bias begins.
 * Rajya of Jaisalmer: The nation expands its economy and is introduced into the Marwari-Mughali trade system, preparations for war are made.
 * Mughal Empire: The economy of the nations is expanded and architects sent by Emperor-Khan Raja Singh ud-din Muhammad Bahadur issue the building of the already designed temples. The Mughali prosperity continues as the Eurasian trade agreement is set into motion. (eco turn). Muhammad Mirza continues writing his book, while discussing the eastern culture, religion and knowledge with the young Karl van Nassau-Orleans of the Netherlands. Lady Maria Namur gives birth to another young girl, whose name is Priya. Preparations for war are made.
 * Southern Chagatai (PSFSCK): The economy is expanded. Preparations for war are made
 * Tawatinsuyu: Thousands continue to die and become sick. 700,000 of the 2.6 million people living within the empire fall sick. The Sapa Inca, who has just heard of the violence against the Spanish, deploys what is avalible of the Inca Army ​(infighting against the Spanish) aid the Spanish. Seeing this violence as a bad omen, the Sapa Inca requests a meeting with the Spanish to discuss the future of their relations.   When the Inca Army arrives to help the Spanish, they find the Inca warriors cowering in sight of creatures known as "Horses." (Eco Turn)
 * Hesse: After negotiations, we agree to the Treaty. Our troops are marched back into Hesse, and governors and colonists from around the world are shipped back to Hesse. We begin an era of seclusion, and Princess-Regent Eva becomes widely hated for losing the war. The Strahlend drops largely in its value, leaving Hesse in a horrible economic state. A new castle, named 'Burg Wölfenstein', or 'Castle WolvesStone' is created in the Harz mountains along the Thuringian-Hamburg-Hesse border.
 * Rumania: Stephen, now 37, continues to work on improving the economy; Iron, salt and coal mines dot the landscape. Coal is produced for metalworking and heating. These mines provide the resources required by the foundries and traders on the coast. The growing mines require more processing facilities, which spur more development along the coast. More large shipyards open and the lumber industry continues to expand. The first Leverlock shop is supplemented by a much larger second, and hundreds are built and exported across the eastern Mediterranean. The Danube becomes a highway of commerce, hundreds of barges travel up and down its length transporting people, materials, goods, and ideas. As much as 9% of the nation has reached basic literacy, and the Moralists promote education of commoners by priests, in order to give everyone the opportunity to read the bible. Education among the elite is becoming almost mandatory. Constantius, now 13 and his brother Radu, now 12, begin their education in matters of state and policy.
 * The Consulate of Bulgaria: The economy continues to grow. The printing press spreads south into Bulgaria just as in Rumania. Ties with Rumania are strengthened; hundreds of Romanians move into the country, seeking cheap and productive land, and inter-marriage becomes very common. Bulgarians also begin to migrating to trade towns in Romania to seek more economic opportunities. Bulgarian populations in Rumania now represent a large minority, and the same can be said about Romanians in Bulgaria. Ethnic tensions are uncommon in both nations as multi-ethnic communities existed before the large migrations.
 * In the Tartary, the population grows. The French delegation is received. The news of a New World and the proof of the Aureannic existence through its delegation intrigue Alexander Khan, and he begins to wonder whether these lands can be reached by land through the East. He requests some Aureannics stay behind in the Tartary to be studied in Court, and for the French to bring more of them to begin a small colony of them in the area. The economy continues to grow, with cities growing and the population doing so as well. Traders and production in the region begin booming. Minerals are discovered around the Urals, to the east of the nation. The nation begins expanding eastward into the Yamal, especially around the northern Urals, brought forth by prospecting for minerals, by 5000 sq km. The military is developed. Khiva continues to be influenced at a great importance. Relations are improved with Hungary and Rome.
 * ​ Adyghea: B egins to grow more closely aligned with the Tartary itself. The population grows, accomodating Alans and Tatars leaving Crimea. The economy also does, as do the vantage positions on the Caucasus. A mild Chechen revolt erupts to the east of the nation.
 * Great Perm: A lso begins to grow more dependent on the Tartary. The ruble continues spreading throughout North Asia, now becoming the primary method of trade in the Tartary, Adyghea, Kazakhstan, and to a lesser degree the Central Asian states. The military also grows, with modernisation occurring.
 * Kazakhstan: C ontinues to modernise. Centralisation continues to occur, with ulus and warlords being defeated quickly by the Manghud governors in the name of the Tartary. The economy grows because of increased centralisation, as cotton and apples begin to be produced rapidly in the region.
 * Azov: C ontinues construction of Özu-Cale. The main fort, now named Iskander-Hisar (or Alexander-Kremlin) continues construction. The port begins to grow with the town now having around 300 inhabitants and the first few shipfuls of grain leaving down the Dneiper, easier for transportation. Other cities continue to grow.
 * Burjid Sultanate:The Sunni revivial continues as more and more people join. This leads to faster mosque construction on a wider scale and since mosques are the center of town under the Mosque Model infanstructure build up continues as well.
 * |onte continues to have a large surplus of grain. Though adopting "western farming", the idea of "the tribe" is still very much so alive, as people always share the crops they have grown, or the animals they have hunted amongst the community. Mon's children advocate the planting of trees in small groves. Throughout the year, Mon's children go elephant hunting, though it is very dangerous, as they are hunting them with arquebuses, and the whole process requires much co-ordination. However, the results are said to be spectacular, as the tribe gains new wealth in the collected ivory, and the elephant meat is considered a rarity. The season resulted in twelve elephants being killed, an increase due to the recently build elephant pen. Much of the younger generation knows how to hunt, and begin to help their parents, increasing the prosperity of the tribe. Not only do they know how to hunt, but in accordance with tribal tradition, each one of them may become a warrior if the need be, trained both in the arquebus and the bow, though the arquebus is gaining much ground against the arrow. |onte is becoming very rich with money made from elephant hunting, as they have nothing to spend the money on. Ma-n!o continues to police his "Rikisi-ate", hunting down the remaining native men. Niko sends coconuts to |onte at a cheap price. Ma-n!o begins to build a merchant fleet independant of |onte. |on is taught by the tribesmen to their new wives and children. Mon II begins teaching children in the vicinity of the Kunene how to read, causing great interest amongst children of these strange characters, that give them a new form to play.  Mon II begins the project that will be his life's work: the Kunene library. Debarubo expands |onte another 250 sq km (5 pixels) northward, selling the conquered males as slaves, and taking the women as wives. Debarubo plays with the concept of claiming his family as the "Rikisis" of |onte. |onte's population rises to over 11,000.
 * Vorlayacor:  This is the first year since the Mapuche War in which there is no outbreak of disease, allowing for the population to expand slightly for the first time by methods of a higher birth/death ratio than just immigration from the old territories.  The Spanish continue to ship Mapuche and other natives to the territory, and they settle into the population and grow the economy.  Statesmen and scientists revel in the new European knowledge; knowledge of astronomy and medicine invigorates and inspires many minds.  Jarvan and Darius, considering how vital international trade is to the rest of the world's known nations, begin to consider how Vorlayacor can build its own ships.
 * Zapoteca: With the number of immune people in the population growing, disease begins to dwindle in the Empire. The Spanish aid is greatly appreciated. The Emperor continues financing Spanish settlers to come to the kingdom and marry into the population. Trade increases and continues with the Spanish. Tlaco II expands roadways connecting cities in the alliance to help merchants and soldiers move freer between them. The military, which had been outdated for many years, continues to be upgraded. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. In the coastal regions under Danibaan's influence, more boats are created. Tlaco II orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Itzapam begins to prosper under Zapotecan rule, improving their economy immensely.
 * Zapoteca: With the number of immune people in the population growing, disease begins to dwindle in the Empire. The Spanish aid is greatly appreciated. The Emperor continues financing Spanish settlers to come to the kingdom and marry into the population. Trade increases and continues with the Spanish. Tlaco II expands roadways connecting cities in the alliance to help merchants and soldiers move freer between them. The military, which had been outdated for many years, continues to be upgraded. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. In the coastal regions under Danibaan's influence, more boats are created. Tlaco II orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Itzapam begins to prosper under Zapotecan rule, improving their economy immensely.

1513
'''After a swift Bavarian invasion into the heartland of Hesse, the nation of Hesse is forced to concede defeat. By now forces from Munster and Cologne have managed to push back the initial Hessian invasion, and supported by South German allies and Bavaria have cornered the Hessians in the center of their territory. Similarly, Hessian colonies in Africa are seized or blockaded with limited fighting, and raiding in the North Sea is also high. The belligerents agree to sign the Treaty of Lauenburg, officially ending the conflict. '''

'''As per the Treaty of Lauenburg, the nation of Berg swears fealty to the Archbishop of Koln. Lands seized by Hesse previously during the invasion of Hamburg by Albion are returned to Hamburg.'''
 * Portugal: Continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Lenhame. By this time, the colony in Lenhame starts to export wheat to Portugal. Meanwhile, trade intensifies in the African coast. The Açores continue to be settled. Meanwhile, the naus continue to be used. Naval explorations directed to the west continue, after news that new lands may have been found there. Meanwhile, Santa Cruz expands north by 1000 sq km. Meanwhile, pau-brasil (brazilwood) starts to be extracted in the colony. Meanwhile, sugarcane, that was already present in the Açores, begins to be planted in Santa Cruz. Meanwhile, the colony of São Sebastião expands 1000 sq km.
 * |onte continues to have a large surplus of grain. Though adopting "western farming", the idea of "the tribe" is still very much so alive, as people always share the crops they have grown, or the animals they have hunted amongst the community. Mon's children advocate the planting of trees in small groves. Throughout the year, Mon's children go elephant hunting, though it is very dangerous, as they are hunting them with arquebuses, and the whole process requires much co-ordination. However, the results are said to be spectacular, as the tribe gains new wealth in the collected ivory, and the elephant meat is considered a rarity. The season resulted in twelve elephants being killed, an increase due to the recently build elephant pen. Much of the younger generation knows how to hunt, and begin to help their parents, increasing the prosperity of the tribe. Not only do they know how to hunt, but in accordance with tribal tradition, each one of them may become a warrior if the need be, trained both in the arquebus and the bow, though the arquebus is gaining much ground against the arrow. |onte is becoming very rich with money made from elephant hunting, as they have nothing to spend the money on. Ma-n!o continues to police his "Rikisi-ate", hunting down the remaining native men. Niko sends coconuts to |onte at a cheap price. Ma-n!o begins to build a merchant fleet independant of |onte. |on is taught by the tribesmen to their new wives and children. Mon II begins teaching children in the vicinity of the Kunene how to read, causing great interest amongst children of these strange characters, that give them a new form to play.  Mon II begins the project that will be his life's work: the Kunene library. Debarubo expands |onte another 250 sq km (5 pixels) eastward, building on the 50 sq km of land on the coast, selling the conquered males as slaves, and taking the women as wives. Debarubo plays with the concept of claiming his family as the "Rikisis" of |onte. |onte's population rises to over 11,000.
 * Oyo Empire: As the fighting in Songhai intesifies, many Oyo merchants are attacked and even murdered by the vengeful Songhai warriors who view Oyo as an enemy for its actions in taking parts of lands it considers its own. Though the Oyo government ignores the act for the time being, the increasing number of Yoruba people being slaughtered at the hands of the Mande soldiers begins to anger the people of Oyo and its allies. Soon, the Asaaju of Oyo has had enough when members of his delegation sent to request the Songhai cease their actions against the Yoruba are butchered and sent back to Oyo-Ile in boxes. Enraged, the Oyo declare war on Songhai, and call upon their allies to support them in their war against Songhai. The militaries of the empire are mobilized, and seeking to put a swift end to the conflict, Oyo brings with it's armies cannon and firearms, the likes of which the Songhai have never seen before. Stating that it is against Islam for a Muslim to murder a fellow Muslim, the Asaaju is incredibly outraged, as well as the other Muslim states in the region, who too agree that what Songhai has done went too far even for them. Thus, with a clear conscienceness, the allies march to war to exact justice for the dead. Elsewhere, though the war has begun, it does not stop the people of the port cities from ceasing their trade, and they continue about their work building ships, recieving trade goods, and shipping off materials produced in Oyo to Europe and India. The third year of Akan's vassalization begins, as the Akan witnessing the Oyo's invasion of Songhai to exact justice for their slain causes many to see Oyo as a just nation, which will not stand for atrocities. This leds to many Akan leaders and people viewing Oyo in a more respectful light, as well as see them as a nation who can defend them from invaders militarily.
 * The Natigosteg L'nu request a trade pact with Oyo, offering furs and lumber.
 * Not sure how plausible this is as Natigosteg L'nu is on the Labrador Coast and Oyo is West African. At least at this point in time. 
 * Ionte is sailing to China... anything is possible if you believe.
 * You cant control another nations actions this way, you were also told in chat by 3 or 4 mods on that any more influence in west africa is nigh impossible due to you being the ONLY aggressor in the past 113 years. This entire turn is a load of garbage -Feud
 * Those 3 or 4 mods all have stakes in the region. Your trying to annex everything in Central Africa. Sine wants to vassalize Songhai, and wanted to use the "Oyo excuse" instead of a plausible reason for interfering. Fed is Fed. And MP didn't say anything about it. So your own excuses to take over the region are garbage. Besides, the rules are clear, I can plausibly make an NPC nation make certain choices, and since you and the mods made Songhai an enemy of Oyo, I can influence that nation to aggressively attack my people, since you yourself said that the nation hates me. So I'm not controlling Songhai, I'm simply influencing them to make choices based on the foreign policies that you already created. Iraq hated America, so it came as no surprise when the Iraqis killed American contractors in their country. Songhai hates Oyo, so it came as no surprise that they would kill Oyo citizens. So I have a reason to invade. ~Viva 
 * Mod permission to uncross the turn was acquired. ~Viva
 * Prussia: The Prussians begin to develop their military. The Prussians continue to build their new navy. Prussia continues to Germanize their ethnic minorities. King Karl II dies suddenly, and his heir is crowned King Karl III.
 * Courland: The Curonians also continue developing their military.
 * Estland: Ossel-Wiek also continues developing their military. Duke Franz continues to reshape the face of Arensburg.
 * Oyo Diplomacy: Oyo wishes to open trade relations with the Germanic peoples of Prussia. We seek to increase the wealth of both nations by doing so. We look forward to your response.
 * Bengal Sultanate: The decrease in taxes on the landed elite does its job in most areas of the Sultanate, decreasing the tax load on the peasantry and earning him their support. The tax cuts on the merchant class allow for more trade to be conducted, and a recent lax on some of the quota laws allows for more goods to be shipped from Bengal, greatly increasing trade income. Cash crops continue to be grown in large amounts. With our merchants traveling to Ava, Kamarumpa and Arakan regularly, Islam continues to grow in their areas. Most all trade roads continue to see much-needed maintenance. Due to Bengal having control over lands of multiple ethnicities and religions, literary works in the form of poems continue to take influence from all three religions of the Sultanate. Urdu, also called Hindi by some, becomes more common in the Sultanate due to the mixing of Hindu and Islamic ideals. We continue to help finance the Plutocratic State of Jaunpur, Delhi Sultanate and Bahamani Sultanate by sending gifts directly to the nobles/sultans, offering loans from powerful trade bankers, and decreasing the trade taxes over all of Bengal, allowing more of our merchant goods to travel into those states. We also raise a portion of the Sultan's personal levy and then divide it to be sent out to the states' leaders, so that they can do with them what they wish in order to maintain order in their nation. The construction of schools and universities several years ago has led to an increase in scholars and literacy in our nation. Due to the removal of trade barriers among a majority of states in the Indian League, their merchants and ours begin to travel with increased mobility and goods, thereby increasing the trade income and output in the agreeing nations. Several Bengali merchants continue to sponsor gem mines in the Mogok area of Ava, due to the high concentration of gems such as rubies, sapphires, garnets and moonstones, and the first of many mines begin to return with more sucesses. Construction of ships based upon Castilian designs, granted to us by them, continues, in order to further our efforts to explore and trade. New crops begin to enter into several plantations. (These weren't newly introduced to Bengal, they are just newly introduced to the plantations), Opium and Cannabis. The Sultan, and his wife, the Princess of Vijaynagar, have two children, one boy, and one girl. The boy is named Illyas-Samabēta-karā  and the daughter is named Paṭabhūmi-Shah. The increasing need for an anthesthetic due to many more surgeries in Bengal, simply due to an increasing population, leads Opium cultivation to become very lucrative and results in many plantations including in their crops. Cannabis becomes more popular, not simply due to its cultural history in Muslim societies, but also because of its popular use in several poetic works. The war continues against the Marwarian-Mughal Empire.
 * ​Emirate of Andamana: Illyas-Sasaska continues to reclaim land on the island to make room for farms, and to have timber for building both boats and houses. The Emirate expands another 500 km onto the island. The ships built by the timber from the island help contribute to Bengali trade. Continues working on economy and infrastructure.
 * Rajya of Orissa: Kapilendra Deva continues to listen to his advisers and bring about several reforms to his nation that make it more Islamic friendly, one of which is new, and calls for the creation of one mosque for each Hindu temple in the name of tolerance, when in reality, his advisers have prescribed this to bring about larger Islamic influence. The new University of Bhubanēśbara (Bhubaneswar) finishes construction and now houses several classes ranging from literature to economics.
 * Swargadeo of Kamarupa: Now vassalized by Bengal, the Swargadeo of Ahom continues to receive extensive help in creating viable farmland. They do this by continuing a process of land reclamation in the northern part of the state, which is largely marshy and thinly populated. This process of reclamation begins by using dikes, embankments and irrigation systems. The land reclamation, having been going on for decades, is extremely successful in creating viable farmland for rice, grain and other staple crops, increasing Kamarupa's population and their yearly trade output.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 1000 sq km each settlement. The colonies continue growing as expected. The navy begins a huge update in order to establish a stronger control over over seas territories such as the colonies and to have further control over Africa. while this the king seeks for the French influence to grow in unexpected territories. sending a group of diplomats and explorers into Mali/Songhai (whoever is there) in order to create an ally in the region and attempting to establish a relationship (vassalage or protectorate) exploiting the hatred seems to be in the region against the Oyo empire (Vassalage Turn 2 out of +/- 20)using the seemingly continuous aggresions of the oyo over the songhai, the king of france offers to give them weaponry to defend themselves and help in taking oyo's threat if needed.
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy are built up.
 * Sardinia: Military and economy are built up.
 * Basel: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aargau: Military and economy are built up. The French presence begins to be felt. However, the attempts to establish a pro-Germanic government in order to avoid eventual uprisings, internal vassalization begins as well to fully convince German leadership.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up.
 * Trier: Military and economy are built up.
 * Julich: Military and economy are built up.
 * Zweibrucken: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aurienne: The kingdom begins establishing its control over the regions sending a dozen of "diplomats" into Europe to establish more active relations with the French and their allies. Military and economy are built up. The nation expands both west and east toward the colonies of the French. Some locals begin dying from smallpox and other known European diseases.
 * County of Oldenburg: The end of the war is met with public rejoicing, as is the news that the Hessian possessions in the North Atlantic are to become Oldenburger possessions as a result of the victory. The two new territories (Hessian Greenland and Neu Lippe) are both small, and the latter is barely populated,  but nonetheless a Governor is sent to each, along with twenty soldiers. With the war over, Count Christian VI's health deteriorates further, and doctors say he will not last the 1513/14 winter. Knowing the end is near, Christian orders a monk to start writing the Chronicles of Christian VI, essentially a dictated biography. Whilst not dictating from his deathbed, Christian sets about securing the succession for his daughter Adelheid. Whilst many nobles are initially sceptical of having a Countess and would prefer her cousin Conrad, Christian is able to win them over, arguing that her good record as Regent of Hamburg proves she is a capable leader. Eventually, an agreement is come to. The nobles will recognise Adelheid as Countess on pain of excommunication at the hands of the Prince-Bishop of Osnabruck. Adelheid is called home to be with her father as he dies. Infrastructure is worked on.
 * Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: The soldiers return home. Work begins again on the City Church of Saint Andrew the Apostle.
 * Fusahito Theocracy: The slow rate at which the newly emancipated peasantry take up the offer of land under the Land Bank continues create unrest, with the spread of rural violence. Annoyed at their failure to take up his generous offer, the Emperor begins a campaign of coercion to forcibly relocate the ex-slaves to more remote areas. Whilst this initially meets with resistance, the benefits are expected to become quickly apparent. At the same time, many of them are recruited in to the army, causing it to quickly expand, replacing those that died as the martyrs of the First Ryukyu War. Military turn. Emancipated slaves begin to take advantage of the state Land Bank to purchase land cheaply in underdeveloped regions, particularly the Date Province. However, whilst chattel based slavery is outlawed, debt based slavery is kept legal, even in some cases encouraged. This is done to protect the Emperor's interests and to prevent an open revolt against the unpopular measures introduced. In the meantime, the  Emperor continues to provide financial and economic support to the Hosokawa Clan and the Japanese islands to the North which have thrown off the yoke of Chinese dominance. These measures continue to draw these Japanese patriots closer to the Theocracy. (Year Six of Sixteen).
 * Manchu Empire: Kengshi, oticing one of its newfound allies in dangr, sends a portion of his navy to help. Meanwhile in the homeland the last of the rebelling wild jurchens are quelled, and the leaders are burned publicly. The Palace is now complete, and a marvel in the area. (Economy turn)
 * Fusahito Dip: Now the Manchu Empire is fully established, the Emperor offers a full alliance to Kengshi I under the Treaty of Kyoto
 * The Great Liao Empire: Cement and iron increase in production. We develop the economy and trade by ETA. As we increase in population, we slowly target our expansion northward. We continue to develop our firearms. We continue to study the printing press and make more of them. We begin building up our military and create even tougher practices. We expand our settlement at North Baikal Lake. We begin sending our soldiers next to the Baikal Jurchens. We continue building up on our border against the Baikal Jurchens. We create the eight inch cannon. We ramp up our military. We build more cannons (siege equipment). We also develop primitive hand grenades. We sent another 20,000 elite well-armed soldiers to the Mughals.
 * Yakutsk: We expand by 500 sq km and trade with indigeneous people.
 * Gorutsk: We expand by 200 sq km and trade with indigeneous people.
 * Liao D: We ask for trade relationships with European nations.
 * Liao D to China: We send some more taels of silver.
 * Liao D to Tartary and Safavid: We ask our dear allies to give us support for our future conquest of the Baikal Jurchens. 
 * Natigosteg L'nu: Yaldan brings the process of centralization to a symbolic (but not actual) conclusion by declaring hinmself Sakim (or, essentially, King) of the Natigosteg L'nu. He begins the construction of a new seat of government in Gespe'g, the capital. Meanwhile, the translation of European works into English continues. The new library contains some hundreds of books, and an increasing portion of the population can read and write, especially in the government bureaucracy. The construction of two experimental cannons is begun. Native gunpowder production also begins, in order to supply the growing army with arquebuses. Labrador expands 2000 km up the OTL La Grande River, while Ungava grows 1000 km. Meanwhile, the new colony at Aksimiki grows by 50 km as a few new farms are built.
 * Safavid Empire: We build up our military and navy. We continue to build walls and outposts around our capital city. The building of the biggest mosque in the nation is continuing now. Port cities are being rebuilt. More ships are being made for our navy. Our own version of guns are being made. Farming is becoming one of the most important industries, besides blacksmithy, trading and fishing. The building of the first college in the capital city is continuing. Guns are now mass produced in our country. We continue to make more woodblock printing presses for our libraries. Prototype cannons at three feet long are continuing to be made. A trade route from our home country to Oirat is mapped out. People are now trading with each other on this trade route. Foreign exchange banks are becoming popular in our country due to the ETA (Eurasian Trade Agreement). Trade has increased due to the ETA. A new art form is continuing to be drawn. It is a mix of Safavid, Oirat and Mughal art. Our art is continuing to be popular with all of the nation around us. We continue to vassel Khanate of Khiva by bringing in troops and Islamic leaders to influence them in our way. Trade goes well with the Dutch merchants. All slaves that come from the Oyo nation are continuing to be converted to Shiite Islam.
 * Roman Diplomacy: We want to trade as we discussed.
 * Vorlayacor: The economy continues to grow, with ironworking and fishing becoming burgeoning sectors.  As the remaining Mapuche from the original territory are brought to Vorlayacor, the territory is expanded by a few pixels north, west, and southwest.  Many of the more recently arrived are fairly impoverished as a legacy of the Spanish rule over the old territory. The military works on upgrading its guns and studying European tactics.  Increasing numbers of people wish for Vorlayacor to obtain its own oceanfairing ships to pursure international trade.  In order to boost the economy to the point where individual merchants can afford such large-scale trade, Vorlayacor sends diplomats to the Oyo Empire to ask for a trade agreement; as both nations have had to deal with Europe, there is potential for great friendship.


 * ​ Not plausible, for the same reason as Natigosteg L'nu
 * Zapoteca: With the number of immune people in the population growing, disease begins to dwindle in the Empire. The Spanish aid is greatly appreciated. The Emperor continues financing Spanish settlers to come to the kingdom and marry into the population. Trade increases and continues with the Spanish. Tlaco II expands roadways connecting cities in the alliance to help merchants and soldiers move freer between them. The military, which had been outdated for many years, continues to be upgraded. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. In the coastal regions under Danibaan's influence, more boats are created. Tlaco II orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Itzapam continues prospering under Zapotecan rule, improving their economy immensely.
 * Hamburg: the Treaty of Lauenburg is completed, and Duchess-Regent Adelheid signs it as the host nations and observer. Many in the duchy feel redeemed, and wish for better relations with Hesse. Though relations equal to that before the Hessian attack seem far fetched. Adelheid is glad Hamburg once again shares a border with her fathers realm. But when she hears of his ailing health, she rushes to Oldenburg to see him.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire's economy prospers again with the reopening of the canal, and soon trade ships travel back to India and Thailand to get rich spices, silks and weapons for sale back in Europe. Despite this, interest in the New World has not diminished and as such, trade agreements are asked with Vorlayacor, the Zapotec and the Aztec. In other news, Theodore, the eldest twin, comes of age and succeeds Elsa at the age of 16 late in the year. His brother Nikolaus is set to take the Scandinavian throne when that throne is ready to receive him. Some legacys of Elsa's reign include the repairing of Constantinople and the abolition of mutilation as a punishment except for high crimes like treason or espionage. The year begins with the annexation of Epirus as the Despotates of Aeitolia and Epirus. The Duke of Naxos puts up some resistance, but later accepts the situation. Elsa allows him to keep his throne as long as he changes his title from the Duke of Naxos to the Despot of the Cyclades. With this, all of Greece is unified under Roman rule once more save for some Varangian Austrian holdouts that will surely fold by the end of the century. Construction of a new class of warship, delayed for several years because of the earthquake, begins again, and the first model is likely to be introduced at the start of the next year.
 * Albania: The nation begins to expand its infrastructure to the new lands conquered from Venice some time ago. Some small forts and outposts are constructed and roads are also expanded and maintained.
 * Ragusa: The small republic continues to export luxury goods like silver, timber and wax to other nations in Europe, increasing its revinue. It uses some of this revenue to tag along with Roman ships in India, gathering spices and other trade goods to trade with the rest of Europe. Books continue to be printed in the Dalmatian, Latin and Italian languages, and Dalmatian shows signs of becoming a respectable official language understood by most of the government and some of the people.
 * Vorlayacoran Diplomacy:  We accept this trade agreement on behalf of our merchants and wish for profit and benefits for both nations; until we can produce our own seafaring vessels, all trade will have to go through Spanish or Roman ships.
 * Hesse: All armies are now safely inside our borders, and we leave the areas given back to their rightful owners. We move a garrison into Castle Wölfenstein. Princess-Regent Eva's rule has gone on long enough, say the peasants. They rise up in revolt against her, and her oppressive regime. The thirteen-year old Philip I is seen at the head of the revolt, leading the peasants against Eva, his aunt. Count Hermann IV and his son, Friedrich I, arrive in Ludwigsburg after their near 40 year reign over Neu Lippe. Instead of being greeted warmly, they are chased out of town. Being called 'traitors', 'thieves', 'murderers', for giving up Neu Lippe and everyone on it, while taking the valuables and running back to Hesse. Count Hermann IV and his son, Friedrich I, request asylum in Hamburg to get away from the rebels against them in Hesse. Princess-Regent Eva is forced out of her palace in Silberberg, and runs to the Harz mountains, where she takes refuge in Castle Wölfenstein. Philip I is crowned Grand Duke, and sends the depleted and battle-weary forces of the Hessian Army to Castle Wölfenstein to bring back Eva to hang her. However, when the armies arrive at Castle Wölfenstein, they are too tired, angry, and indifferent to do anything. They merely camp below the mountains, cornering Eva. Eva requests asylum in either Hamburg or Bavaria.
 * Austrian Diplomacy: Eva is offered asylum in the town of Vaduz, where she will live out her days in a small property, if she abdicates the throne.
 * Rajya of Marwar: The economy expands.During these events, Rao Raja Singh sends more architects from Marwar to the Mughal who would design Mandirs in the Mughal Empire and also for priests to spread Hinduism in the Mughal Empire. The nation also supports numerous marriages between members of the Rajput clans and Mughali noble families. The military is fully mobilized after the Indian war of bias begins. During the war exploitations of minerals are increased in order to fund the war effort.
 * Rajya of Jaisalmer: The nation expands its economy and is introduced into the Marwari-Mughali trade system, preparations for war are made.
 * Mughal Empire: The economy of the nations is expanded and architects sent by Emperor-Khan Raja Singh ud-din Muhammad Bahadur issue the building of the already designed temples. The Mughali prosperity continues as the Eurasian trade agreement is set into motion. (eco turn). Muhammad Mirza continues writing his book, while discussing the eastern culture, religion and knowledge with the young Karl van Nassau-Orleans of the Netherlands. Preparations for war are made.
 * Southern Chagatai (PSFSCK): The economy is expanded. Preparations for war are made
 * Marrikuwuyanga Empire: The Marrikuwuyanga had constructed large temples in honour of the Emperor. Trading with the Ayutthaya had proved beneficial for the Empire, and not only were the Marrikuwuyanga able to acquire muskets, they were also able to find a market for their sale of iron ore. Meanwhile, Marrikuwuyanga's influence continued to increase within the neighbouring tribes and the military was strengthened as the military gained access to the muskets via Ayutthaya and its production had started albeit at a very slow scale. Trade boosted Marrikuwuyanga's economy. The crop yield increased annually and so did the population. We expand 50 px along the western coast. The mining of iron had started in large scale and the military produced large number of swords, spears, etc. Meanwhile with trade having started with the Dutch, the economy was slowly recovering from the loss it had suffered in the absence of the Ayutthaya.
 * Timor:Having established dominance over the island, the Emperor was keen on making sure there was no rebellion by the natives and soon after marching as conquerors, the tribal leaders were bombarded with gifts by the Marrikuwuyangan Emperor who assured them that they would be allowed to keep their power as tribal leaders as long as they recognized Emperor Yada Gulpilil as their God. Meanwhile, military and navy were strengthened, although it was the navy that got much more attention.
 * Marrikuwuyangan Diplomacy: The Dutch East Indies Company and the Council of the Supreme 12 sign the Treaty of Tapu.
 * Rumania: Stephen, now 38, continues to work on improving the economy; Iron, salt and coal mines dot the landscape. Coal is produced for metalworking and heating. These mines provide the resources required by the foundries and traders on the coast. The growing mines require more processing facilities, which spur more development along the coast. More large shipyards open and the lumber industry continues to expand. The first Leverlock shop is supplemented by a much larger second, and hundreds are built and exported across the eastern Mediterranean. The Danube becomes a highway of commerce, hundreds of barges travel up and down its length transporting people, materials, goods, and ideas. As much as 9% of the nation has reached basic literacy, and the Moralists promote education of commoners by priests, in order to give everyone the opportunity to read the bible. Education among the elite is becoming almost mandatory. Constantius, now 14 and his brother Radu, now 13, begin their education in matters of state and policy.
 * The Consulate of Bulgaria: The economy continues to grow. The printing press spreads south into Bulgaria just as in Rumania. Ties with Rumania are strengthened; hundreds of Romanians move into the country, seeking cheap and productive land, and inter-marriage becomes very common. Bulgarians also begin to migrating to trade towns in Romania to seek more economic opportunities. Bulgarian populations in Rumania now represent a large minority, and the same can be said about Romanians in Bulgaria. Ethnic tensions are uncommon in both nations as multi-ethnic communities existed before the large migrations.
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Bavaria expands its economy. The population continues to rise. Grand Duchess Franz-Albert and his council continues to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with twenty-five very large cogs being finished. We begin using an established trade route, with important stops in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany, due to a longstanding trade deal. Continuing in 1513, Franz-Albert commissions six cogs to sail around western Mediterranean coasts. The market center in Landshut continues to attract Bavarian and Venetian traders. In religious news, around 76% of the country adheres to the Western Church. Most adherents live around Munchen and Landshut. In other news, Bavaria continues implementing the Alliance and Merchant Act as well as the Militia and Navy Act. The Bavarian Court continues hosting a largely Venetian composition. However, many Bavarian families have intermingled with the Venetians, creating a distinct social class and gentry. In national news, the common courts continue to be implemented around Bavaria as several of the lower class make use it of. The serf laws begin to be used as well. Skeptics who theorized that the serf laws would mark no profound change in society begin to be proven wrong. In 1513, as many as two hundred serfs sue for their freedom. Franz-Albert begins to ponder a law that would fully abolish serfdom, seeing how it has more or less deteriorated in Bavaria. The wild unpopularity of these laws begin to wear off as well. Franz-Albert further incorporates the Collegiate Writs, allowing many more lower class men to enter college. In legal news, Franz-Albert continues implementing the Bavarian Commands. With the war over with Hesse, we sign the treaty to officially end the war. (Cookie asked me to post this.)
 * Munchen: By 1513, the total class of Queen Isabell University amounts to about 4500 men. Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. The Collegiate Writs begin to draw more men to college.
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Wurzburg: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. A religious change begins occurring in Wurzburg upon the ascension of Franz-Albert, where many more Western Christians begin inhabiting the bishopric. The clergy begins being alarmed and they fear displacement. An envoy dispatched by Franz-Albert attempts to quell their fears.
 * Thuringia: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert and Count Regent Vittorio continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Countess Elisabeth normalizes taxes in an effort to subset any rebellion.
 * Saxony: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert and Count Regent Vittorio continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Countess Elisabeth normalizes taxes in an effort to subset any rebellion.
 * Austria: This turn in both our nation and in all our vassals is dedicated to military. We train and expand our military using new experience from recent wars, and grow our nation economically. In Morocco our position in Melilla is fortified. All fortifications around the region are rebuilt and manned by stationed guards in case of an attack. To protect Melilla the construction of a fortress outside the city is considered, although postponed for now. The port of Melilla is rebuilt to begin operation as a trade port and military outpost. Construction continues on a shipyard in the Melilla port to facilitate the construction and repair of friendly ships. Melilla is granted a permanent naval garrison in the city’s port, to respond to dangers in the area, and to support the small garrison on land which mans the fortifications. Our position in Morocco is fortified by re-inforcements, bringing Melilla operational against attacks. For now a small fleet is stationed in its harbor, while its garrison continues to hold the north and its supply lines, supporting our Christian brethren. With much of the Muslim population of Melilla left dead after the war against Morocco, the local government attempts to entice settlers by offering large quantities of land to Christian settlers. Many Europeans, particularly of German descent and/or from central Europe begin settling the area around Melilla. With finances from Augsburg-based banking establishments, the Trieste Company continues to launch expeditions to West Africa. Abrechtburg has grown to a decently sized settlement, supporting a population of farmers, traders, and a small garrison of soldiers. The town also houses a well furbished fort, armed with a small amount of cannons intended to defend the settlement and the harbor from any attack. Built out of necessity, the port at Abrechtburg is refurbished and expanded to support more trade ships, and allied countries are welcomed to trade and stay in the town. The second largest settlement in Westenland, Dominusburg, follows suit, finishing the construction of a port similar to Abrechtburg‘s. Trade posts continue to be built and exploited, now numbering several dozen along the coast of Westenland and into allied territory. Our reliance on the Wolof becomes less so, but we sign a trade agreement with their nation to continue our positive relationship. Deals are made with the Wolof for slaves and other goods. Conversion of the natives begin around the settlement. Several bimereiches and caravels begin construction in Trieste, Melilla, Corfu, and other ports, to further facilitate and protect overseas trade. Trade is increased with the Grand Duchy of Bavaria and other trade partners, bringing about new avenues of trade and commerce. We sign the treaty to officially end the war with Hesse. Our forces in the Rhineland withdraw, while territories in Africa are integrated into Westenland.
 * Lombardy: Work continues on the Certosa di Pavia, the Castle Visconteo, and on the extensive Milan Cathedral. We continue training a proper standing army, utilizing Swiss mercenaries and local recruits. With border disputes now settled between the nations of Austria and Switzerland, we continue opening friendly relations with both nations in hopes of repairing our diplomatic relations and protecting our northern border. We continue constructing cogs and galleys to strengthen our navy and protect our interests on the seas. Our turn is dedicated to economy in both our nation and our vassals. Wallis is declared a vassal of our nation, and we continue influencing them.
 * Novgorod: We continue the production of ships, cannons, muskets, advanced crossbows, swords and composite bows, increasing our military capabilities in case of war. The nation’s training and advancement of military continues. The recent classes of Koch ships are being manufactured in Novgorod. The town of St Patriksburg’s population grows a bit more that last year. As the construction of the town improves, the Kremlin finishes, trade becoming more in demand, the town gains slightly. Because of the trade road built with Tver our economy increases. After seeing a great success with the private schools in the cities of Novgorod, St Patriksburg, Staraya Russa, and Nizhny Novgorod. We start building another private school in Rostov and Yaroslavl. We complete building private schools in Torzhok and a private school in Staraya Ladoga. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Tver: We complete the construction of the private school in Tver and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Yaroslavl, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Yaroslavl: We complete the construction of the private school in Yaroslavl and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Rostov: We completed the construction of the private school in Rostov and start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Yaroslavl, Muscovy. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Karelia: We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to economy. As fur traders and hunters begin to move into Karelia, the border is expanded 3000 square miles directly to the north. We are pleased that peaceful terms have been met between us and Scandinavia, and we hope to improve relations in the future.
 * Dai Viet: This turn is officially dedicated to military expansion. The nation of Dai Viet begins expanding its military to protect the nation against any foreign attack. The government begins an active role in equipping some units, using its funds to ensure that the entirety of the militia is equipped with pikes and swords. Crossbows also begin to be used in select units, which are trained to be most effective during cavalry charges and to provide support for our infantry. Government forces are called and put to the test securing our southern border, garrisoning in recently acquired territory. Alongside expanding ground forces, the government also sees to need to expand naval forces, a process that began several decades ago. Small ships capable of longer journeys are constructed in major port cities, and cities in the south along the coast are expanded to facilitate naval activity on par with our northern cities. Trade ships are attracted to our major ports from nearby nations. Facilities are upgraded to better facilitate trade. With several dozen small trade ships and warships under the command of the government vassals, and several ships under its personal command, the government orders a series of operations in the east waters of the nation, hoping to root out pirates and protect trade routes. As a test of our navy, our largest warships, equipped with cannons and other weapons, make several expeditions around the Biển Đông (South China Sea). Several more trade posts are established in the Philippines. We also make several expeditions to the Riau Islands, where we come into contact with the Orang laut people. Settlements on the Riau Islands grow as more people begin to settle them.
 * Castile: The Colony of Buenos Aires expands by (15 px) up the coast and establishes a captaincy farther south (5 px). The Castilian populace reaches about 10.1 million and growing. The Kingdom itself begins to expand its armed forces to nearly 80,000 and sends more military ships to Monaco to protect it from any aggression. The Castilian forces begin training exercizes. The Navy also begins to make serious advances in technology and armed attack formations along with its pushes out into the wide seas. The Colony of Buenos Aires reaches a population of about 12,000 and growing with the more families and women showing up. Castilian exploration ships begin exploring south to check out farther down the coast and look for the southern edge of the continent. Charles of Castile who had gone to the New World becomes governor of the Buenos Aires Colony. With the revolt in Seville Queen Alexis sends in the most experienced troops from both Castile and Aragon to keep control. However, she also announces that while Charles may be her husband he is not the leading monarch of Castile and Aragon, and that she will continue to rule with dignity and respect as she was before. Along with this, the Queen dictates to her husband that they will rule their own personal realms separately and that Austria will have no true power over Castile, Aragon or any of their possessions due to the pride and high national spirits of their accomplishments. Along with this, the Queen also dictates to her husband that in the event of her death that one of their sons will ascend to the throne of Castile and not Charles - and the brother will ascend to the throne of Austria. Alexis writes up a treaty dictating the terms to her husband and requests it be signed publicly in Seville to solidify her stern stance on any true outside influences on Spain and prove to the people of Seville that Austria will not come to dominate or take over Castile and Aragon now collectively being known as Spain. A ceremony is held for passed King Ferdinand, and his Leading heir bearing the same name honoring their lives once again. This is named a national holiday. Phillip is put into the Spanish Royal education system. An Expeditionary force is sent from Buenos aires which reaches the Inca port city and seizes it making an example of those who resist. nearly 500 Spanish soldiers construct a fort and with overlaying fields of fire with ships and cannons brought up to the fort. The Spanish send a much smaller expedition of 300 men brought up with promises of riches and land and this large cavalry unit plays major scare tactics with the Inca looking to scare them into submission.
 * Kingdom of Aragon: With Castilian assistance various infrastructural areas are rebuilt and the military is expanded to a token force of 10,000. Along with this support the Aragonian economy recovers slowly with a slow but controlled influx of Castilian economic aid helping Aragon recover. The ruling magistrate over Aragon signs a landmark trade deal with Castile which allows for Aragon's usage of Castile's large amounts of trade posts down the coast of Africa. The Aragonians now in control of the Spanish South African trading company fund the creation of the expansion of the Trade outpost into a formal colony to be settled much like Morocco and Granada were by Castile. The Colony of Cape Ferdinand expands 10 px up the coast and expands the captaincy down the coast now covering the mouth of the Orange River on the coast (5 px). It's mostly populated by Castilians who are the main people moving to the colonies. Aragon's population continues to be culturally integrated with the next generation speaking primarily Spanish with Catalan being phased out by the newer generation. Aragon recognizes Alexis of Castile as their Queen.
 * Kingdom of Cyprus: Cyprus gaining large funds from being a Castilian trade hub, begins building a few ships domestically, and purchases ships from Castile, or her allies shipwrights forming a respectable Cypriot navy of almost 90 ships with expected expansion to come. This expansion has been achieved specifically thanks to huge amounts of outsourcing to private shipwrights. Cyprus begins to see an exodus of the Knights Hospitaller west to Castile and her territories and King Matthias begins a larger recruitment for the military managing to raise a force of nearly 10,000. This force is largely funded through the large trade Cyprus has gathered. The troops are styled after Castile's royal army and Cyprus embarks on an intense training program in order to bring them up to standards. The Knights, with many departing, also have many older and other knights stay due to their close ties with Cyprus. They remain to run the Knights Hospitaller in Cyprus for the foreseeable future while a large number have migrated across the sea. The Kingdom of Cyprus due to the recent issues in Castile reluctantly recognizes Carlos and his Regency for Prince Ferdinand. Cyprus itself with its fleet of nearly 100 ships begins to take after the Venetian example with trade and begins to put Cypriot merchant ships into state possession for trade in order to help with the kingdom's finances and heavy trade. This show immediate results as a relative increase in funding and attention to trade between Castile and her allies begins to improve the quality of trade. The Assassins Guild sets up in Cyprus looking to prevent issues in the kingdom with corruption and serving as their base into Muslim countries. The King of Cyprus on his deathbed declares that a vote by the nobles on whether to join Castile will be held and a public forum will be held on what the people think of this.
 * Kingdom of Morocco: The country begins the construction of various canals and cultivates trees farther inland to help increase arable farmland. The Moroccan economy continue to expand with greater trade coming from Castile and the Canaries all the way down to Capo Verde increasing the relative wealth. The Kingdom with many canals having been completed has vastly expanded its farmland among other things. Morocco's total population reaches one million with Christianity becoming dominant in the area. Calne-Vicuna is finished and is opened as a center for Christianity in North Africa with a library said to rival old Alexandria's. The Moroccan Assassins Guild forms and spreads keeping the peace and killing the corrupt as well as making Morocco much more peaceful for Castilian Rule. The Kingdom of Morocco officially enters into a personal union with Castile following the magistrates and princes deeming it unnecessary for the King to not have full control in the country. The Magistrates, however, are fully re-instated to continue as they were just under direction of the monarch of Castile.
 * Kongo: The Kingdom begins to work toward a trade and production economy focusing on helping provide resources for Castile's burgeoning West African trade network. The King of the Kongo converting to Christianity and being baptised begins to call for the expansion of ports to the best of the Kongolese architects' abilities. With the King also adopts the name John, in favor of the king who began these exploratory operations down the coast of Africa. The King also organized a band of Christian soldiers who help keep the peace who also begin to help with conversions to Christianity as a series of missionaries and high level priests from the Western Church have come on a ship hearing of many pagans and heretics to convert. The King makes multiple successful campaigns against various of the petty kings in Kongo killing two of them and leaving the third on the run. The Christianization of multiple areas is completed and multiple others are begun. The Kingdom of the Kongo in an attempt to increase economic output and trade begins to export a moderate amount of raw materials to Castile and begins to push toward heavy exploitation methods if possible.
 * Mapuche: With the defeat by the Spanish a royal governor is appointed by the Castilians. The governor immediately goes to work to prevent his workforce from being killed by disease and to prevent revolts and by immediately marching groups of about 1000 people to the colonial capital. These people are immediately transferred onto available ships and throughout the year are sent up the coast via Spanish ships to a location unknown to the Mapuche. The Mapuche also continue to see major issues from European contact are given orders to isolate themselves if they are sick to prevent further expansion of the disease. The governor also manages to gain a force of about 200 as a garrison. The Mapuche people begin to see the first mixed children between Spanish and Mapuche people. The Spanish institute the Ecomienda system. However, the Spanish governor, in order to keep control of the people, orders the Spanish heads of the system to treat the natives fairly in order to prevent mass deaths from overworking and resentment. Spanish farming techniques have definitely prevented starvation as the Mapuche continue to expand toward the coast building a road to connect it all. The Spanish governor, also using the local Mapuche as scouts, is able to expand much more than the Buenos Aires colony and uses this to his advantage to secure more land to be able to turn over to Spanish settlers. The Royal Governor expands by 1000 sq km down the coast using captured prisoner natives as labor for this.
 * We are allowed to post for a solid amount of time after the turn due to the main data center being down. -Feud
 * Pskov works on its economy, sends people to trade with others, tries to balance independance with the newly created Russia. The Pskovians seem distraught with joining a nation with absolute power granted to one man, passed down to his sons (which many still see as sinful due to the plague during the Young Rabbit's reign)
 * Bengal Sultanate: The decrease in taxes on the landed elite does its job in most areas of the Sultanate, decreasing the tax load on the peasantry and earning him their support. The tax cuts on the merchant class allow for more trade to be conducted, and a recent lax on some of the quota laws allows for more goods to be shipped from Bengal, greatly increasing trade income. Cash crops continue to be grown in large amounts. With our merchants traveling to Ava, Kamarumpa and Arakan regularly, Islam continues to grow in their areas. Most all trade roads continue to see much-needed maintenance. Due to Bengal having control over lands of multiple ethnicities and religions, literary works in the form of poems continue to take influence from all three religions of the Sultanate. Urdu, also called Hindi by some, becomes more common in the Sultanate due to the mixing of Hindu and Islamic ideals. We continue to help finance the Plutocratic State of Jaunpur, Delhi Sultanate and Bahamani Sultanate by sending gifts directly to the nobles/sultans, offering loans from powerful trade bankers, and decreasing the trade taxes over all of Bengal, allowing more of our merchant goods to travel into those states. We also raise a portion of the Sultan's personal levy and then divide it to be sent out to the states' leaders, so that they can do with them what they wish in order to maintain order in their nation. The construction of schools and universities several years ago has led to an increase in scholars and literacy in our nation. Due to the removal of trade barriers among a majority of states in the Indian League, their merchants and ours begin to travel with increased mobility and goods, thereby increasing the trade income and output in the agreeing nations. Several Bengali merchants continue to sponsor gem mines in the Mogok area of Ava, due to the high concentration of gems such as rubies, sapphires, garnets and moonstones, and the first of many mines begin to return with more successes. Construction of ships based upon Castilian designs, granted to us by them, continues, in order to further our efforts to explore and trade. New crops begin to enter into several plantations. (These weren't newly introduced to Bengal, they are just newly introduced to the plantations), opium and cannabis. The Sultan, and his wife, the Princess of Vijaynagar, have two children, one boy, and one girl. The boy is named Illyas-Samabēta-karā  and the daughter is named Paṭabhūmi-Shah. The increasing need for an anthesthetic due to many more surgeries in Bengal, simply due to an increasing population, leads opium cultivation to become very lucrative and results in many plantations including in their crops. Cannabis becomes more popular, not simply due to its cultural history in Muslim societies, but also because of its popular use in several poetic works.
 * ​Emirate of Andamana: Illyas-Sasaska continues to reclaim land on the island to make room for farms, and to have timber for building both boats and houses. The Emirate expands another 500 km onto the island. The ships built by the timber from the island help contribute to Bengali trade. Continues working on economy and infrastructure.
 * Rajya of Orissa: Kapilendra Deva continues to listen to his advisers and bring about several reforms to his nation that make it more Islamic friendly, one of which is new, and calls for the creation of one mosque for each Hindu temple in the name of tolerance, when in reality, his advisers have prescribed this to bring about larger Islamic influence. The new University of Bhubanēśbara (Bhubaneswar) finishes construction and now houses several classes ranging from literature to economics.
 * Swargadeo of Kamarupa: Now vassalized by Bengal, the Swargadeo of Ahom continues to receive extensive help in creating viable farmland. They do this by continuing a process of land reclamation in the northern part of the state, which is largely marshy and thinly populated. This process of reclamation begins by using dikes, embankments and irrigation systems. The land reclamation, having been going on for decades, is extremely successful in creating viable farmland for rice, grain and other staple crops, increasing Kamarupa's population and their yearly trade output.
 * Bengali Diplomacy (Needs mod response, or not, dunno really): The Bengali Sultan asks that the Chinese Emperor show his support of his historical partner, great trade partner, and road to India by aiding the Bengali Sultan with Chinese soldiers in their current war.
 * Bengali Diplomacy (Needs mod response): We ask our esteemed ally, Vijaynagar,  the one whom's daughter our Sultan is currently wed to, who we have fought with on numerous occasions, and greatly aided after their massacre by the Timurids, to aid us in our war against their successors in their second full attempt to conquer India.
 * Tawatinsuyu: (Not sure if I am still allowed to post but ...) As the Treaty of Cuzco goes into effect, Tawatinsuyu becomes a protectorate of Spain. We begin to process minerals for Spain and the Inca's use. The plague continues to sweep through the empire, as now 900,000 people of the ~2.6 million people are infected and dying. We ask that Spain assist with the quarantine of this disease. Economy improves as trade with the Spanish and acsess to the massive Spanish economy presents the Inca with new opportunities for trade. We ask the Spanish if we may begin trade with their allies as well.
 * In the Tartary, the population grows. The French delegation is received. The news of a New World and the proof of the Aureannic existence through its delegation intrigue Alexander Khan, and he begins to wonder whether these lands can be reached by land through the East. He requests some Aureannics stay behind in the Tartary to be studied in Court, and for the French to bring more of them to begin a small colony of them in the area. The economy continues to grow, with cities growing and the population doing so as well. Traders and production in the region begin booming. Minerals are discovered around the Urals, to the east of the nation. The nation begins expanding eastward into the Yamal, especially around the northern Urals, brought forth by prospecting for minerals, by 5000 sq km. The military is developed. Khiva continues to be influenced at a great importance. Relations are improved with Hungary and Rome.
 * ​Adyghea: Begins to grow more closely aligned with the Tartary itself. The population grows, accomodating Alans and Tatars leaving Crimea. The economy also does, as do the vantage positions on the Caucasus. A mild Chechen revolt erupts to the east of the nation.
 * Great Perm: Also begins to grow more dependent on the Tartary. The ruble continues spreading throughout North Asia, now becoming the primary method of trade in the Tartary, Adyghea, Kazakhstan, and to a lesser degree the Central Asian states. The military also grows, with modernisation occurring.
 * Kazakhstan: Continues to modernise. Centralisation continues to occur, with ulus and warlords being defeated quickly by the Manghud governors in the name of the Tartary. The economy grows because of increased centralisation, as cotton and apples begin to be produced rapidly in the region.
 * Azov: Continues construction of Özu-Cale. The main fort, now named Iskander-Hisar (or Alexander-Kremlin) continues construction. The port begins to grow with the town now having around 300 inhabitants and the first few shipfuls of grain leaving down the Dneiper, easier for transportation. Other cities continue to grow.
 * Azov: Continues construction of Özu-Cale. The main fort, now named Iskander-Hisar (or Alexander-Kremlin) continues construction. The port begins to grow with the town now having around 300 inhabitants and the first few shipfuls of grain leaving down the Dneiper, easier for transportation. Other cities continue to grow.

1514
'''I took the liberty of starting the turn, although since the database was down two hours before the turn ended I guess some people should be allowed to post their turns for 1513. -Sky'''

'''That was really weird, do you know exactly what happened? Thank you for starting the turn. I agree; People who missed out are allowed to post their turn for 1513. Here is a mod event to kick off the new turn: Callumthered (talk) 09:37, May 26, 2014 (UTC)'''

I speculate that it might have been caused by the Finnish vandal who spammed new pages. <font color="#00AAE4">Sky Green 24 09:38, May 26, 2014 (UTC)

In the lands of the Tharawal, Head-Man Mandu dies, and the Elders appoint Mandu’s son Bennelong, a warrior equal in prowess to his father, as well as a successful eel farmer, as the new Head-Man.
 * Portugal: Continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Lenhame. By this time, the colony in Lenhame starts to export wheat to Portugal. Meanwhile, trade intensifies in the African coast. The Açores continue to be settled. Meanwhile, the naus continue to be used. Naval explorations directed to the west continue, after news that new lands may have been found there. Meanwhile, Santa Cruz expands north by 1000 sq km. Meanwhile, pau-brasil (brazilwood) starts to be extracted in the colony. Meanwhile, sugarcane, that was already present in the Açores, begins to be planted in Santa Cruz. Meanwhile, the colony of São Sebastião expands 1000 sq km.
 * Oyo Diplomacy: In honor of our trade alliance, Oyo wishes to sign a non-aggression pact with your people.
 * County of Oldenburg: Count Christian VI dies in early January, to general sadness. His daughter Adelheid, by his side at his death, inherits the throne of Oldenburg. After an appropriate period of mourning, Adelheid is crowned by the Prince-Bishop of Osnabruck. The county's economy is built up. The new North Atlantic colonies are integrated properly into the realm, and the OHG sets up trading posts and warehouses in them. The formerly Hessian part of Greenland, Neu Bremen, is planned to be used as a base for whaling and exploratory expeditions to Neu Norderney (Labrador).
 * Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: Work is nearing completion on the City Church of Saint Andrew the Apostle. Work begins on decorating the interior, and artists from all over Germany and Europe are invited to contribute.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 1000 sq km each settlement. The colonies continue growing as expected. The navy begins a huge update in order to establish a stronger control over over seas territories such as the colonies and to have further control over Africa. while this the king seeks for the French influence to grow in unexpected territories. sending a group of diplomats and explorers into Mali/Songhai (whoever is there) in order to create an ally in the region and attempting to establish a relationship (vassalage or protectorate) exploiting the hatred seems to be in the region against the Oyo empire (Vassalage Turn Three out of +/- 20). Using the seemingly continuous aggressions of the Oyo over the Songhai, the King of France offers to give them weaponry to defend themselves and help in taking Oyo's threat if needed.
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy are built up.
 * Sardinia: Military and economy are built up.
 * Basel: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aargau: Military and economy are built up. The French presence begins to be felt. However, the attempts to establish a pro-Germanic government in order to avoid eventual uprisings, internal vassalization begins as well to fully convince German leadership.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up.
 * Trier: Military and economy are built up.
 * Julich: Military and economy are built up.
 * Zweibrucken: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aurienne: The kingdom begins establishing its control over the regions sending a dozen of "diplomats" into Europe to establish more active relations with the French and their allies. Military and economy are built up. The nation expands both west and east toward the colonies of the French. Some locals begin dying from smallpox and other known European diseases.
 * Guaxirenne: The country expands southward and military and economy are built up.
 * Natigosteg L'nu: Work on the capital continues. The construction of the new palace ordered by Yaldan is going well, but is expected to take another ten years. The library, in an existing building, already contains thousands of translated books. The fleet is expanded with three more modern carracks being constructed to add to the twelve already existing. The military continues to be modernized, while tea cultivation also continues. With more ships available, the fishing industry takes off, as several hundred tons of cod are caught this year. Much of it is salted and dried for export to Europe or for trade.
 * Ungava: Construction of new docks begins. Expands 1000 km south.
 * Aksimiki: Expands 1000 km.
 * You are talking about a time when the printing press was not really widespread. Even if you had a library (did the peoples you control even had writing?), even 100 volumes would be too much. Only the great European libraries (ex: Sorbonne, Saint-Denis) would have more than 1000. And then there would be the question of how would you have obtained a printing press and how would you know how to use it. And how are you going to cultivate tea if tea is not even native to your region? (unless you think that learning how to build ocean-crossing ships in less than 15 years and then going to China/India to trade any valuable item you might have for tea is that plausible). --Collie Kaltenbrunner (talk) 11:07, May 26, 2014 (UTC)
 * It's a Native American culture, and even if they had a writing system, they surely don't have a printing press. <font color="#00AAE4">Sky Green 24 11:15, May 26, 2014 (UTC) 
 * I built ocean-going ships over the past 15 years, during which there was no objection. Same for tea, which I bought from Albion. If you're going to call these things implausible, do it when they happen, or you destroy a whole succession of events.
 * Time to set some precedents. It is the job of the mods to be diligent and spot these kinds of things. That being said, it is extremely difficult to spot every error. It is also the player's job to be as plausible as possible. Trading tea with Albion may be plausible, if it was done in the right manner. However, building ocean-going ships in 15 years when your nation is a primitive native society is anything but plausible. Cour *talk* PMII_Mayan_Flag.pngCaborr_Flag.png 22:37, May 26, 2014 (UTC) 
 * At least be consistent. Other tribal nations have built ocean going ships and literally sailed to China and adopted Chinese writing. Inconsistently catching these things is worse than not catching them at all, since it gives the impression of bias. 
 * Manchu Empire: We continue both population and architetural growth, with cities replacing nomads. A good harvest feeds the civillians and soldiers well. A sliver of land is given to the japanese due to the treaty. In return though is a trade boost, free use of ports, and 20,000 soldiers, who are also donated to the cause in India. (Infra Turn).  We declare war on China. We ask the ETA and the Japanese to help us retake the land of our kin from the Chinese.
 * Dai Viet Diplomacy: We offer to join the war against the Chinese.
 * Liao D to Manchu: We join the war against the Chinese to revenge on China for oppressing our kinsman in the Mongol Khanate.
 * Fusahito Dip: In accordance with the Treaty of Kyoto, the Emperor agrees to declare war on China.
 * Fusahito Theocracy:  Work begins on developing the new Manchurian colony ceded by the Manchu Empire, both as a trading post and to expand military influence on the mainland. Many newly emancipated slaves chose to move to the undeveloped land in the colony which, along with a campaign of coercion, induces a sharp fall in the level of rural violence. The port of Tairikuku is built on the Manchurian coast at OTL Vladivostok trading post providing access to the Asian mainland. A major military encampment is built alongside the port, where around 10,000 soldiers are sent in order to subdue the natives and establish Japanese military influence on the mainland. At the same time 20,000 troops, including 500 cavalry, disembark at the port and are delivered to the Manchu Emperor as promised.  Military turn.  Emancipated slaves begin to take advantage of the state Land Bank to purchase land cheaply in underdeveloped regions, particularly the Date Province and the new Manchurian colony. However, whilst chattel based slavery is outlawed, debt based slavery is kept legal, even in some cases encouraged. This is done to protect the Emperor's interests and to prevent an open revolt against the unpopular measures introduced. In the meantime, the  Emperor continues to provide financial and economic support to the Hosokawa Clan and the Japanese islands to the North which have thrown off the yoke of Chinese dominance. These measures continue to draw these Japanese patriots closer to the Theocracy. (Year Seven of Sixteen). The Emperor declares war on China after the declaration of their allies, the Manchu Empire. An army of 60,000 troops is raised, landing in the Manchurian colony, along with the siege equipment from the First Ryukyu war which is transported by sea from Amami island. These troops soon advance in to the Korean peninsula.
 * Bahmani: We continue to build up military and expand our economy. We continue to put more emphasis on math and science education for our children. We continue to protest the war and threaten to withdrawl from the league should they refuse to end the war.
 * Global, you admitted that you are Ratc last night so I don't think you can play this map game. Also, you're banned from it. I'm crossing it out since you admitted it on the TSPTF talk page so there's no reason to leave this be. <font color="#00AAE4">Sky Green 24 11:57, May 26, 2014 (UTC)
 * The Great Liao Empire: Cement and iron increase in production. We develop the economy and trade by ETA. As we increase in population, we slowly target our expansion northward. We continue to develop our firearms. We begin building up our military and create even tougher practices. We expand our settlement at North Baikal Lake. We begin sending our soldiers next to the Baikal Jurchens. We continue building up on our border against the Baikal Jurchens and we build forts. We create the 12-inch Thunder Cannon. (12 inch is the radius, its gigantic) We ramp up our military. We build more cannons (siege equipment). We get out military back from Mughal and launch an offensive on China with Mughal forces. 100,000 Liao soldiers attack China with more recruited at the minute.
 * Yakutsk: We expand by 500 sq km and trade with indigeneous people.
 * Gorutsk: We expand by 200 sq km and trade with indigeneous people.
 * Liao D: We ask for trade relationships with European nations.
 * Liao D to China: We end trade and declare war for oppressing our Mongol kinsman.
 * Liao D to Tartary and Safavid: We ask our dear allies to give us support for our future conquest of the Baikal Jurchens. 
 * Austria: This turn in both our nation and in all our vassals is dedicated to economy. We train and expand our military using new experience from recent wars, and grow our nation economically. In Morocco our position in Melilla is fortified. All fortifications around the region are rebuilt and manned by stationed guards in case of an attack. To protect Melilla the construction of a fortress outside the city is considered, although postponed for now. The port of Melilla is rebuilt to begin operation as a trade port and military outpost. Construction continues on a shipyard in the Melilla port to facilitate the construction and repair of friendly ships. Melilla is granted a permanent naval garrison in the city’s port, to respond to dangers in the area, and to support the small garrison on land which mans the fortifications. Our position in Morocco is fortified by re-inforcements, bringing Melilla operational against attacks. For now a small fleet is stationed in its harbor, while its garrison continues to hold the north and its supply lines, supporting our Christian brethren. With much of the Muslim population of Melilla left dead after the war against Morocco, the local government attempts to entice settlers by offering large quantities of land to Christian settlers. Many Europeans, particularly of German descent and/or from central Europe begin settling the area around Melilla. With finances from Augsburg-based banking establishments, the Trieste Company continues to launch expeditions to West Africa. Abrechtburg has grown to a decently sized settlement, supporting a population of farmers, traders, and a small garrison of soldiers. The town also houses a well furbished fort, armed with a small amount of cannons intended to defend the settlement and the harbor from any attack. Built out of necessity, the port at Abrechtburg is refurbished and expanded to support more trade ships, and allied countries are welcomed to trade and stay in the town. The second largest settlement in Westenland, Dominusburg, follows suit, finishing the construction of a port similar to Abrechtburg‘s. Trade posts continue to be built and exploited, now numbering several dozen along the coast of Westenland and into allied territory. Our reliance on the Wolof becomes less so, but we sign a trade agreement with their nation to continue our positive relationship. Deals are made with the Wolof for slaves and other goods. Conversion of the natives begin around the settlement. Several bimereiches and caravels begin construction in Trieste, Melilla, Corfu, and other ports,  to further facilitate and protect overseas trade. Trade is increased with the Grand Duchy of Bavaria and other trade partners, bringing about new avenues of trade and commerce. The Trieste Company funds an expedition over several caravels from Albretchburg to the Canary Islands, and then to Spanish holdings in the west, to open up trade in the New World to German markets. The ships make landfall for the first time on a small island, which is named St. Boniface, after the patron saint of Germany (OTL Barbados). They continue west, making landfall again, at St. Leopold (OTL St. Lucia), before heading west. To the south, a small camp is created and maintained for two months, in which a third island is explored. The traders name it Vultsburg (OTL Port of Spain), and depart leaving behind stone markers and remnants of a wooden fort. The group continues west, heading for Spanish holdings in the Yucatan peninsula.
 * Oyo Diplomacy: Oyo seeks a trade pact with the Austrian nation, as we've heard of your tradecrafts and the skill of your craftsmenship for many years. Do you wish to gain wealth from this venture?
 * |onte continues to have a large surplus of grain. Though adopting "western farming", the idea of "the tribe" is still very much so alive, as people always share the crops they have grown, or the animals they have hunted amongst the community. Mon's children advocate the planting of trees in small groves. Throughout the year, Mon's children go elephant hunting, though it is very dangerous, as they are hunting them with arquebuses, and the whole process requires much co-ordination. However, the results are said to be spectacular, as the tribe gains new wealth in the collected ivory, and the elephant meat is considered a rarity. The season resulted in twelve elephants being killed, an increase due to the recently build elephant pen. Much of the younger generation knows how to hunt, and begin to help their parents, increasing the prosperity of the tribe. Not only do they know how to hunt, but in accordance with tribal tradition, each one of them may become a warrior if the need be, trained both in the arquebus and the bow, though the arquebus is gaining much ground against the arrow. |onte is becoming very rich with money made from elephant hunting, as they have nothing to spend the money on. Ma-n!o continues to police his "Rikisi-ate", hunting down the remaining native men. Niko sends coconuts to |onte at a cheap price. Ma-n!o begins to build a merchant fleet independant of |onte. |on is taught by the tribesmen to their new wives and children. Mon II begins teaching children in the vicinity of the Kunene how to read, causing great interest amongst children of these strange characters, that give them a new form to play.  Mon II begins the project that will be his life's work: the Kunene library. Debarubo expands |onte another 250 sq km (5 pixels) eastward, building on the 100 sq km (2 pixels) of land on the coast, selling the conquered males as slaves, and taking the women as wives. Debarubo plays with the concept of claiming his family as the "Rikisis" of |onte. |onte's population rises to over 11,000.
 * Prussia: The Prussians begin to develop their military. The Prussians continue to build their new navy. Prussia continues to Germanize their ethnic minorities.
 * Courland: The Curonians also continue developing their military.
 * Estland: Ossel-Wiek also continues developing their military. Duke Franz continues to reshape the face of Arensburg.
 * Hesse: The former Princess-Regent, Eva, flees Castle Wölfenstein, going across the Bavarian border, and making her way to Vaduz in Liechtenstein, where she has been offered asylum. She agrees to abdicate the throne. Philip I now reigns over Hesse officially. He begins taking down the statues of the former Grand Dukes, and begins demilitarizing a lot of zones. He says that now, after this much unneeded bloodshed, he will remain neutral in all conflicts.
 * Bengal Sultanate: The decrease in taxes on the landed elite does its job in most areas of the Sultanate, decreasing the tax load on the peasantry and earning him their support. The tax cuts on the merchant class allow for more trade to be conducted, and a recent lax on some of the quota laws allows for more goods to be shipped from Bengal, greatly increasing trade income. Cash crops continue to be grown in large amounts. With our merchants traveling to Ava, Kamarumpa and Arakan regularly, Islam continues to grow in their areas. Most all trade roads continue to see much-needed maintenance. Due to Bengal having control over lands of multiple ethnicities and religions, literary works in the form of poems continue to take influence from all three religions of the Sultanate. Urdu, also called Hindi by some, becomes more common in the Sultanate due to the mixing of Hindu and Islamic ideals. We continue to help finance the Plutocratic State of Jaunpur, Delhi Sultanate and Bahamani Sultanate by sending gifts directly to the nobles/sultans, offering loans from powerful trade bankers, and decreasing the trade taxes over all of Bengal, allowing more of our merchant goods to travel into those states. We also raise a portion of the Sultan's personal levy and then divide it to be sent out to the states' leaders, so that they can do with them what they wish in order to maintain order in their nation. The construction of schools and universities several years ago has led to an increase in scholars and literacy in our nation. Due to the removal of trade barriers among a majority of states in the Indian League, their merchants and ours begin to travel with increased mobility and goods, thereby increasing the trade income and output in the agreeing nations. Several Bengali merchants continue to sponsor gem mines in the Mogok area of Ava, due to the high concentration of gems such as rubies, sapphires, garnets and moonstones, and the first of many mines begin to return with more sucesses. Construction of ships based upon Castilian designs, granted to us by them, continues, in order to further our efforts to explore and trade. New crops begin to enter into several plantations. (These weren't newly introduced to Bengal, they are just newly introduced to the plantations), Opium and Cannabis. The Sultan, and his wife, the Princess of Vijaynagar, have two children, one boy, and one girl. The boy is named Illyas-Samabēta-karā  and the daughter is named Paṭabhūmi-Shah. The increasing need for an anthesthetic due to many more surgeries in Bengal, simply due to an increasing population, leads Opium cultivation to become very lucrative and results in many plantations including in their crops. Cannabis becomes more popular, not simply due to its cultural history in Muslim societies, but also because of its popular use in several poetic works.
 * ​Emirate of Andamana: Illyas-Sasaska continues to reclaim land on the island to make room for farms, and to have timber for building both boats and houses. The Emirate expands another 500 km onto the island. The ships built by the timber from the island help contribute to Bengali trade. Continues working on economy and infrastructure.
 * Rajya of Orissa: Kapilendra Deva continues to listen to his advisers and bring about several reforms to his nation that make it more Islamic friendly, one of which is new, and calls for the creation of one mosque for each Hindu temple in the name of tolerance, when in reality, his advisers have prescribed this to bring about larger Islamic influence. The new University of Bhubanēśbara (Bhubaneswar) finishes construction and now houses several classes ranging from literature to economics.
 * Swargadeo of Kamarupa: Now vassalized by Bengal, the Swargadeo of Ahom continues to receive extensive help in creating viable farmland. They do this by continuing a process of land reclamation in the northern part of the state, which is largely marshy and thinly populated. This process of reclamation begins by using dikes, embankments and irrigation systems. The land reclamation, having been going on for decades, is extremely successful in creating viable farmland for rice, grain and other staple crops, increasing Kamarupa's population and their yearly trade output.
 * Bengali Diplomacy (Needs mod response, or not, dunno really): The Bengali Sultan asks that the Chinese Emperor show his support of his historical partner, great trade partner, and road to India by aiding the Bengali Sultan with Chinese soldiers in their current war.
 * Bengali Diplomacy (Needs mod response): We ask our esteemed ally, Vijaynagar,  the one whom's daughter our Sultan is currently wed to, who we have fought with on numerous occasions, and greatly aided after their massacre by the Timurids, to aid us in our war against their successors in their second full attempt to conquer India.
 * Safavid Empire: We build up our military and navy. We continue to build walls and outposts around our capital city. The building of the biggest mosque in the nation is continuing now. Port cities are being rebuilt. More ships are being made for our navy. Our own version of guns are being made. Farming is becoming one of the most important industries, besides blacksmithy, trading and fishing. The building of the first college in the capital city is continuing. Guns are now mass produced in our country. We continue to make more woodblock printing presses for our libraries. Prototype cannons at three feet long are continuing to be made. A trade route from our home country to Oirat is mapped out. People are now trading with each other on this trade route. Foreign exchange banks are becoming popular in our country due to the ETA (Eurasian Trade Agreement). Trade has increased due to the ETA. A new art form is continuing to be drawn. It is a mix of Safavid, Oirat and Mughal art. Our art is continuing to be popular with all of the nation around us. We continue to vassel Khanate of Khiva by bringing in troops and Islamic leaders to influence them in our way. Trade goes well with the Dutch merchants. All slaves that come from the Oyo nation are continuing to be converted to Shiite Islam. We start to trade with the Roman Empire. We win 19.6% of the Shahdom Of Verkana's land in this war.
 * I will post more once my algo for my war to unify Persia is done.
 * Hamburg: Hamburg begins the process of rebuilding and refurbishing its reclaimed territory. Road systems begin construction.
 * Rajya of Marwar: The economy expands.During these events, Rao Raja Singh sends more architects from Marwar to the Mughal who would design Mandirs in the Mughal Empire and also for priests to spread Hinduism in the Mughal Empire. The nation also supports numerous marriages between members of the Rajput clans and Mughali noble families. The war against the Bengali is won and Raja Singh, after making plans with the the ETA, aids with his army the war against China.
 * Rajya of Jaisalmer: The nation expands its economy and is introduced into the Marwari-Mughali trade system,
 * Mughal Empire: The economy of the nations is expanded and architects sent by Emperor-Khan Raja Singh ud-din Muhammad Bahadur issue the building of the already designed temples. The Mughali prosperity continues as the Eurasian trade agreement is set into motion. (eco turn). Muhammad Mirza continues writing his book, while discussing the eastern culture, religion and knowledge with the young Karl van Nassau-Orleans of the Netherlands.
 * Southern Chagatai (PSFSCK): The economy is expanded.
 * Pskov works on updating its economic prowess by lending and whatnot, and reap returns every year. The renaissance continues in full swing, as the University of Pskov amasses a large collection of books, and proposes to the Veche to allocate funds to building a library under their supervision. The Veche agrees, and allocates funds to build the library. The university and the surrounding structures are some fo the only stone buildings in Pskov. Meanwhile, another expedition is sent to the New World to further map it. The explorers, led by Dimitri Boyasin, proceed to map the East Coast. While sailing near Newfoundland, they discover a great density of fish in the seas. However, when they got south, they decided to stay on an island (OTL Cuba). They come into contact with the natives, and trade with them, stuffing their ship with spices before their voyage home, which they make the next year. Meanwhile, in Europe, Pskov's merchant fleet grows, and so does its trade presence in Scandinavia. Pskov becomes weary of the Tsar in Moscow, who is seen wishing to establish absolute control over the entirety of Rus', despite Pskov's best intentions in modifying the treaty of Moscow, which thankfully they did not yet sign. Pskov's artists experiment with different styles, and frescas are born. Pskov once again asks for a bishop separate from Novgorod, and hopefuly one will be granted to them soon.
 * Oyo Empire: Oyo continues its drive into the Songhai nation, winning scores of victories as the Songhai warriors are slaughtered as the overwhelming firepower of the Oyo rip through their ranks and scatter the enemy forces. The huge morale hit to the Songhai as a result of the defeats leads to many Songhai surrendering to the Oyo long before the Oyo even reach the battlefield, and many cities fearing the destructive power of the cannon the Oyo have brought with them, simply open their gates and swear their loyalty to the Oyo instead of fighting. With the weight of the Oyo Empire crashing upon them, the Songhai are not expected to survive another year of combat, and the war is expected to end by then. Elsewhere, the Oyo continue to negotiate the terms of the Akan's membership in a confederacy, with the victories against the Songhai serving as both an example and a warning of the strength the Oyo possess. With the European colonies encroaching upon the ancestral lands of the Akan, the Akan find themselves more and more welcoming of the idea of joining an alliance to defend their homelands from the white men. The fourth year of vassalization begins. Oyo continues to import additional Portuguese naus class vessels, and trade with the European nations continue to enrich Oyo and its allies. The military and economy are expanded along with the infrastructure.
 * Benin: Benin continues to expand its navy, incorporating many of the Portuguese designs into their own local warships, and developing new weapons for the military. Their contributions to the war against Songhai continue, and the expansion of the state's desire to prove its ability to fight for the confederacy continues to grow. Benin expands its Gabonese colony by 500km, moving inland from the coast to close off the region to further foreign expansion.
 * Burkina: The Burkina send more men to fight in the nation of the empire, determined to regain the lands the Songhai stole from their ancestors, and push those who would dishonor Allah so much as to kill a fellow Muslim. Burkina halts its expansion to focus on that goal, and fight with great fervor determined to fulfill their obligations in the confederacy.
 * Tawatinsuyu: As the disease continues to sweep through the empire the Sapa Inca begins to allow for inter-racial marriges in hopes to boost the immune popultation. With the plague in full effect, over half the people of the empire are sick. The city of Chan Chan is hit particularly bad, with the cities once 200,000 population hitting 120,000. The population of Cuzco stands at about 200,000, while Machu Picchu hits 75,000. population of the empire stands at two million, with one million of those infected. Military is improved, and we ask for Spain to aid us in modernization of our Army. This was Edge.
 * Rumania: Stephen, now 39, continues to work on improving the economy; Iron, salt and coal mines dot the landscape. Coal is produced for metalworking and heating. These mines provide the resources required by the foundries and traders on the coast. The growing mines require more processing facilities, which spur more development along the coast. More large shipyards open and the lumber industry continues to expand. Leverlock muskets begin to become a major export and required resources drive a booming mining industry. The Danube becomes a highway of commerce, hundreds of barges travel up and down its length transporting people, materials, goods, and ideas. The spread of better sanitation systems, first introduced to Constanta by the Romans, causes a slow increase in the average lifespan. As much as 9% of the nation has reached basic literacy, and the Moralists promote education of commoners by priests, in order to give everyone the opportunity to read the bible. Education among the elite is becoming almost mandatory. Constantius, now 15 and his brother Radu, now 14, begin their education in matters of state and policy.
 * The Consulate of Bulgaria: The economy continues to grow. The printing press spreads south into Bulgaria just as in Rumania. Ties with Rumania are strengthened; hundreds of Romanians move into the country, seeking cheap and productive land, and inter-marriage becomes very common. Bulgarians also begin to migrating to trade towns in Romania to seek more economic opportunities. Bulgarian populations in Rumania now represent a large minority, and the same can be said about Romanians in Bulgaria. Ethnic tensions are uncommon in both nations as multi-ethnic communities existed before the large migrations.
 * Vorlayacor:  Nearly all original Mapuche have been transported by the Spanish to Vorlayacor.  The trade agreement with the Romans has provided a large boost to the economy in general, but this influx of money has not necessarily trickled down to the newly-arrived in the younger villages, creating a notable discrepancy in wealth between segments of the population.  To resolves this and increase Vorlayacor's strength, Jarvan contracts workers in these towns to begin construction of ocean going vessels.  A road system connecting Machitonis and Nov Xoryan is built this year, and work begins on roads connecting most other towns and villages.
 * Castile: The Colony of Buenos Aires expands by (15 px) up the coast and establishes a captaincy farther south (5 px). The Castilian populace reaches about 10.1 million and growing. The Kingdom itself begins to expand its armed forces to nearly 80,000 and sends more military ships to Monaco to protect it from any aggression. The Castilian forces begin training exercizes. The Navy also begins to make serious advances in technology and armed attack formations along with its pushes out into the wide seas. The Colony of Buenos Aires reaches a population of about 12,000 and growing with the more families and women showing up. Castilian exploration ships begin exploring south to check out farther down the coast and look for the southern edge of the continent. Charles of Castile who had gone to the New World becomes governor of the Buenos Aires Colony. With the revolt in Seville Queen Alexis sends in the most experienced troops from both Castile and Aragon to keep control. However, she also announces that while Charles may be her husband he is not the leading monarch of Castile and Aragon, and that she will continue to rule with dignity and respect as she was before. Along with this, the Queen dictates to her husband that they will rule their own personal realms separately and that Austria will have no true power over Castile, Aragon or any of their possessions due to the pride and high national spirits of their accomplishments. Along with this, the Queen also dictates to her husband that in the event of her death that one of their sons will ascend to the throne of Castile and not Charles - and the brother will ascend to the throne of Austria. Alexis writes up a treaty dictating the terms to her husband and requests it be signed publicly in Seville to solidify her stern stance on any true outside influences on Spain and prove to the people of Seville that Austria will not come to dominate or take over Castile and Aragon now collectively being known as Spain. A Ceremony is held for passed King Ferdinand, and his leading heir bearing the same name honoring their lives once again. This is named a national holiday. Phillip is put into the Spanish Royal education system. With the Addition of the Incas into the Spanish Empire the combination of the Zapoteca, and Inca riches and their trade under Spain has left Spain the richest kingdom in the whole of Europe. However, inflation starts to become an issue. With this, however, the Queen appoints a financial advisor which not only opens a a few banks across the country but smartly prevents the massive amounts of gold and silver from entering national circulation and puts it straight into the national treasury creating a program in which controlled amounts are released into the currency system.
 * Kingdom of Aragon: With Castilian assistance various infrastructural areas are rebuilt and the military is expanded to a token force of 10,000. Along with this support the Aragonian economy recovers slowly with a slow but controlled influx of Castilian economic aid helping Aragon recover. The ruling magistrate over Aragon signs a landmark trade deal with Castile which allows for Aragon's usage of Castile's large amounts of trade posts down the coast of Africa. The Aragonians now in control of the Spanish South African trading company fund the creation of the expansion of the Trade outpost into a formal colony to be settled much like Morocco and Granada were by Castile. The Colony of Cape Ferdinand expands 10 px up the coast and expands the captaincy down the coast now covering the mouth of the Orange River on the coast (5 px). It's mostly populated by Castilians who are the main people moving to the colonies. Aragon's population continues to be culturally integrated with the next generation speaking primarily Spanish with Catalan being phased out by the newer generation. Aragon recognizes Alexis of Castile as their Queen.
 * Kingdom of Cyprus: Cyprus gaining large funds from being a Castilian trade hub, begins building a few ships domestically, and purchases ships from Castile, or her allies shipwrights forming a respectable Cypriot navy of almost 90 ships with expected expansion to come. This expansion has been achieved specifically thanks to huge amounts of outsourcing to private shipwrights. Cyprus begins to see an exodus of the Knights Hospitaller west to Castile and her territories and King Matthias begins a larger recruitment for the military managing to raise a force of nearly 10,000. This force is largely funded through the large trade Cyprus has gathered. The troops are styled after Castile's royal army and Cyprus embarks on an intense training program in order to bring them up to standards. The Knights, with many departing, also have many older and other knights stay due to their close ties with Cyprus. They remain to run the Knights Hospitaller in Cyprus for the foreseeable future while a large number have migrated across the sea. The Kingdom of Cyprus due to the recent issues in Castile reluctantly recognizes Carlos and his Regency for Prince Ferdinand. Cyprus itself with its fleet of nearly 100 ships begins to take after the Venetian example with trade and begins to put Cypriot merchant ships into state possession for trade in order to help with the kingdom's finances and heavy trade. This show immediate results as a relative increase in funding and attention to trade between Castile and her allies begins to improve the quality of trade. The Assassins Guild sets up in Cyprus looking to prevent issues in the kingdom with corruption and serving as their base into Muslim countries. The King of Cyprus on his deathbed declares that a vote by the nobles on whether to join Castile will be held and a public forum will be held on what the people think of this.
 * Kingdom of Morocco: The country begins the construction of various canals and cultivates trees farther inland to help increase arable farmland. The Moroccan economy continue to expand with greater trade coming from Castile and the Canaries all the way down to Capo Verde increasing the relative wealth. The Kingdom with many canals having been completed has vastly expanded its farmland among other things. Morocco's total population reaches one million with Christianity becoming dominant in the area. Calne-Vicuna is finished and is opened as a center for Christianity in North Africa with a library said to rival old Alexandria's. The Moroccan Assassins Guild forms and spreads keeping the peace and killing the corrupt as well as making Morocco much more peaceful for Castilian Rule. The Kingdom of Morocco officially enters into a personal union with Castile following the magistrates and princes deeming it unnecessary for the King to not have full control in the country. The Magistrates, however, are fully re-instated to continue as they were just under direction of the monarch of Castile.
 * Kongo: The Kingdom begins to work toward a trade and production economy focusing on helping provide resources for Castile's burgeoning West African trade network. The King of the Kongo converting to Christianity and being baptised begins to call for the expansion of ports to the best of the Kongolese architects' abilities. With the King also adopts the name John, in favor of the king who began these exploratory operations down the coast of Africa. The King also organized a band of Christian soldiers who help keep the peace who also begin to help with conversions to Christianity as a series of missionaries and high level priests from the Western Church have come on a ship hearing of many pagans and heretics to convert. The King makes multiple successful campaigns against various of the petty kings in Kongo killing two of them and leaving the third on the run. The Christianization of multiple areas is completed and multiple others are begun. The Kingdom of the Kongo in an attempt to increase economic output and trade begins to export a moderate amount of raw materials to Castile and begins to push toward heavy exploitation methods if possible.
 * Mapuche: With the defeat by the Spanish a royal governor is appointed by the Castilians. The governor immediately goes to work to prevent his workforce from being killed by disease and to prevent revolts and by immediately marching groups of about 1000 people to the colonial capital. These people are immediately transferred onto available ships and throughout the year are sent up the coast via Spanish ships to a location unknown to the Mapuche. The Mapuche also continue to see major issues from European contact are given orders to isolate themselves if they are sick to prevent further expansion of the disease. The governor also manages to gain a force of about 200 as a garrison. The Mapuche people begin to see the first mixed children between Spanish and Mapuche people. The Spanish institute the Ecomienda system. However, the Spanish governor, in order to keep control of the people, orders the Spanish heads of the system to treat the natives fairly in order to prevent mass deaths from overworking and resentment. Spanish farming techniques have definitely prevented starvation as the Mapuche continue to expand toward the coast building a road to connect it all. The Spanish governor, also using the local Mapuche as scouts, is able to expand much more than the Buenos Aires colony and uses this to his advantage to secure more land to be able to turn over to Spanish settlers. The Royal Governor expands by 1000 sq km
 * Roman Empire: The Empire continues to expand its trade, and Roman merchants travel far and wide with their Ragusan compatriots in the pursuit of more money. Trade ships scour the New World and Asia for new goods to bring to European markets. To help with the expansion of markets, troops are sent to aid the ETC in their coalition against China. Back in the Empire, leverlock weapons continue to be produced, and matchlocks continue to be used by the poor. Wheelocks begin to be used by the upper class along with rifling to create the most extravagant hunting weapons. In naval affairs, the Imperial Navy completes the first of a new type of ship called the galleass, a powerful new class that packs considerable firepower. Impressed with a live demonstration, the government gives the go-ahead to produce more, and before the year is out three more are under construction. To further the strength of the Imperial Navy, construction of new naval facilities in Thessalonica and Athens similar to those of Venice and the Roman shipyards already in play begins.
 * Albania: The nation continues to expand its military potential as Albanian nationalism continues to rise with regards to unification.
 * Ragusa: Trade ships continue to accompany Roman companion ships in Asia in the pursuit of more money and trade goods. Ragusan ships in Thailand and India bring back rich spices, augmenting the natural goods Ragusa has. The military is slightly expanded to up to 500 troops total that can be raised.
 * Alexandria and Aiguptia: Trade continues to increase as the ports are re-established. More people are converted to Coptic Christianity due to the See of Saint Mark's presence. Many Muslims reconsider their faith seeing the prosperity that Christians live in. Resources are sent to Aiguptia to maintain and protect the canal as that process continues and workers are encouraged to go seek out this opportunity. The economy continues to pick up as trade expands to SE Asia. The land acquired from Yemen by the Red Sea continues to see a port town established for sailors and merchants to rest before going into the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean, there is a medium increase in population as more people look to get into the trade business and travel from Castile and the Netherlands requires a stop for their sailors. In the province of Judea soldiers are to protect both Christian, Islamic and Jewish pilgrimages. Small amounts of conversions in Judea take place mainly converting Christians and Muslims to Coptic Christianity. Alexandria moves troops into the south as the region is to keep the region calm and free of revolt. OTL Goa and Karachi continue to become a massive destination for Alexandrian trades and relationships continued to be established. Grigorios' engineers continue plans of a reconstructed lighthouse on the cite of the citadel. Relations are continued with the nation Vijaynagar, an we continue establish more posts along the coast, especially at Goa. Immigration from traders and trading families increases to the trade enclaves in Alexander's Strait and the Somali enclaves. Alexandria's soldiers are sent to fight the rebels in the south and in Cairo. Asks fellow Christian nations in Nubia and Eastern Europe for assistance to end the islamic revolt. The Red Sea Trade Company is formed in order to deal with states along the Red Sea and creating safe and constant trade in the area. It is owned by the Great Eastern Sea Trade Co and is also a royal charter from Kafta and Grigorios.  Vassalization of Makuria and Alodia begins (Turn Eight of X). Girgorios will serve as an advisor  to Kafta. Mil Turn.
 * Ethiopia: Grigorios and Kafta begins creating and developing relationships with local leaders. Shortly after the treaty everyone settles back into normal lifestyles. Soldiers are sent to Alexandria. Kafta becomes the ruler. Naval forces are built up. Mil Turn.
 * Cyrencia: Is put under semi-autonomy in a vassal state relationship. Naval ports are built. Conversions occur. Mil Turn.
 * Spanish Knight's discussions.
 * The Kingdoms of Great Albion (Scotland and England) - member nation of the UKGA: Many ships are modernized and replaced to keep the Royal Albion Navy a powerful force on the high seas. Port Edmundburg continues to experience a growth in population. Albionic settlers continue to explore the surrounding areas. The dialect of English originally found in Scotland and the Eire grows so large that it covers most of the North of England. This new dialect is called Bythigish (portmanteau of Brython and English). English nobles begin to enjoy the Celtic myths of Eire and Scotland. The Templar Order continues to undercut the King's enemies and seeks ways to privately grow the power of the King and Albion as a whole. The Order buys up many smaller businesses and collectivizes some farms. The Order begins to expand into other areas of Europe, seeking to grow understanding as well as pushing Albionic ideals. Albion continues to explore farther west and south. A clockmaker from Cambridge becomes popular for his accurate timepieces and the exquisite wood housing. He creates a chime for the St Mary's Cathedral, the chimes are called the Cambridge Chimes (OTL Westminster Quarters aka Big Ben's chime). The Chimes become so popular, other clock-makers incorporate the chimes into their clocks. The Crown Dominion of Hamburg does well this year, as an influx of trade begins to repair the wounds of several wars. The English Renaissance is born when several painters in London show off some impressive works. Trade with the Mughal Empire begins to boom.
 * Calais: Military and navy are expanded.
 * Dublin: Dublin undergoes another remodel and expansion to the ports due to the massive influx of trade from Castile and Venice as well as an increased Eire trade.
 * Scotland: Expands navy and military. Pan Albion sentiments grow, Trade increases. Whiskey is traded down to central Albion.
 * Wales: Wales expands its military and navy. Cardiff becomes a large centre of trade for Wales. The Welsh appoint Adam Cyrdger as Royal Minister. The first sessions of parliament are held. Wales does not see as large a population boom as Albion or Scotland, but a minor one, centered around Cardiff and Swansea, does occur.
 * Port Edmundburg expands by 1000 sq km east. The African colonists begin looking toward mining and other ventures to generate profit.
 * New Cambridgeshire: New Cambridgeshire expands by 1000 sq km west. Colonists begin to explore around the region and begin to have a large fishing boom. The Port of New Rotham is expanded to handle excess ships from Albion and other European nations and is renamed by popular vote as New Oxford. The people of New Oxford also begin an attempt to gain knowledge of farming in Borealia from Native Peoples.
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Bavaria expands its economy. The population continues to rise. Grand Duchess Franz-Albert and his council continues to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with twenty-five very large cogs being finished. We begin using an established trade route, with important stops in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany, due to a longstanding trade deal. Continuing in 1514, Franz-Albert commissions six cogs to sail around western Mediterranean coasts. The market center in Landshut continues to attract Bavarian and Venetian traders. In religious news, around 76% of the country adheres to the Western Church. Most adherents live around Munchen and Landshut. In other news, Bavaria continues implementing the Alliance and Merchant Act as well as the Militia and Navy Act. The Bavarian Court continues hosting a largely Venetian composition. However, many Bavarian families have intermingled with the Venetians, creating a distinct social class and gentry. In national news, the common courts continue to be implemented around Bavaria as several of the lower class make use it of. The serf laws begin to be used as well. Skeptics who theorized that the serf laws would mark no profound change in society begin to be proven wrong. In 1513, as many as two hundred serfs sue for their freedom. Franz-Albert begins to ponder a law that would fully abolish serfdom, seeing how it has more or less deteriorated in Bavaria. The wild unpopularity of these laws begin to wear off as well. Franz-Albert further incorporates the Collegiate Writs, allowing many more lower class men to enter college. In legal news, Franz-Albert continues implementing the Bavarian Commands. The war with Hesse has been ended, with Bavaria annexing a small section of Bremen to use as a port.
 * Munchen: By 1514, the total class of Queen Isabell University amounts to about 4500 men. Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. The Collegiate Writs begin to draw more men to college.
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Wurzburg: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. A religious change begins occurring in Wurzburg upon the ascension of Franz-Albert, where many more Western Christians begin inhabiting the bishopric. The clergy begins being alarmed and they fear displacement. An envoy dispatched by Franz-Albert attempts to quell their fears.
 * Thuringia: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert and Count Regent Vittorio continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Countess Elisabeth normalizes taxes in an effort to subset any rebellion.
 * Saxony: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert and Count Regent Vittorio continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Countess Elisabeth normalizes taxes in an effort to subset any rebellion.
 * Netherlands: William begins looking to either secure a marriage with one of the daughters of Queen Elsa of Scandinavia as his father wished or to secure a marriage with one of the other major ruling dynasties of Europe. The Kingdom continues to prosper as trade and banking provide a massive influx of capital. The stocks of the East India Company continue to develop more and more as trade with the orient evolves and solidifies. Military and naval expansion continue. Dutch shipwrights start exploring new ship designs that will allow for greater mobility and firepower. More of the Roman firearms are produced by Wallon gunsmithies. Some revisions are made to the current tactics used by the Royal Army mainly due to the oppprtunities provided by this new firearm which proves to be superior in firing capacity and cheaper to produce. The arts and sciences continue to flourish and develop as the courts and universities of the Netherlands fund them due to the large amounts capital avaliable to the nation. The bourgoeisie and aristocracy continue to grow as does their wealth. The luxurious life style of the Netherlands continues to evolve. Great mansions, town houses and public works are built, such as the Theatre of Brussels and the Arts building of the University of Amsterdam. The major cities continue to grow and the architectural style of the buildings continue to change. Influence over Sunda and the rest of the East Indies continue to grow as Batavia grows in importance within the region following the collapse of the Thai Empire. The first Dutch building is finished in Batavia becoming the headquarters of the East India Company in the Orient. Exploration and trading in the New World continue a settlement near the Amazon River is built. However, it is ultimately abandoned by the end of the Year due to inadequate supplies and the climate. Karl van Nassau-Orleans is named Prince of Holland until William gains an heir. Karl continues to listen to the stories Mirza tells, and after much harrassment he finally convinces his brother to name Mirza his main tutor. Wallon culture and the French language continue to influence the development of the national identity as French remains just as important as Dutch within political and academic circles.
 * Zapoteca: With the number of immune people in the population growing, disease begins to dwindle in the Empire. The Spanish aid is greatly appreciated. The Emperor continues financing Spanish settlers to come to the kingdom and marry into the population. Trade increases and continues with the Spanish. Tlaco II expands roadways connecting cities in the alliance to help merchants and soldiers move freer between them. The military, which had been outdated for many years, continues to be upgraded. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. In the coastal regions under Danibaan's influence, more boats are created. Tlaco II orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Itzapam continues prospering under Zapotecan rule, improving their economy immensely.

1515
The nations of the Indian League agree to the treaty imposed by the Mughal Empire, hoping to end the Indian War.
 * Marwari diplomacy: By future vassalization it was the matter of non-League nations, therefore it has been changed to make the vassalization of non-League nations valid
 * Ms is re-reviewing the algo, and putting Fed and Feud support/approval of the Indian League proposal into consideration, as well as numerous other factors that have been discussed on the mod page that would perhaps change the outcome of this war. 
 * Portugal: Continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Lenhame. By this time, the colony in Lenhame starts to export wheat to Portugal. Meanwhile, trade intensifies in the African coast. The Açores continue to be settled. Meanwhile, the naus continue to be used. Naval explorations directed to the west continue, after news that new lands may have been found there. Meanwhile, Santa Cruz expands north by 1000 sq km. Meanwhile, pau-brasil (brazilwood) starts to be extracted in the colony. Meanwhile, sugarcane, that was already present in the Açores, begins to be planted in Santa Cruz. Meanwhile, the colony of São Sebastião expands 1000 sq km. Meanwhile, Garcia Manrique de Lara dies, leaving Urraca de Avis as sole ruler. Meanwhile, Portugal accepts the Oyoan offer.
 * Lombardy: Work continues on the Certosa di Pavia, the Castle Visconteo, and on the extensive Milan Cathedral. We continue training a proper standing army, utilizing Swiss mercenaries and local recruits. With border disputes now settled between the nations of Austria and Switzerland, we continue opening friendly relations with both nations in hopes of repairing our diplomatic relations and protecting our northern border. We continue constructing cogs and galleys to strengthen our navy and protect our interests on the seas. Our turn is dedicated to military in both our nation and our vassals. Wallis is declared a vassal of our nation, and we continue influencing them.
 * Novgorod: We continue the production of ships, cannons, muskets, advanced crossbows, swords, and composite bows, increasing our military capabilities in case of war. The nation’s training and advancement of military continues. The recent classes of Koch ships are being manufactured in Novgorod. The town of St Patriksburg’s population grows a bit more that last year. As the construction of the town improves, the Kremlin finishes, trade becoming more in demand, the town gains slightly. Because of the trade road built with Tver our economy increases. After seeing a great success with the private schools in the cities of Novgorod, St Patriksburg, Staraya Russa, and Nizhny Novgorod. We start building another private school in Rostov and Yaroslavl. We complete building private schools in Torzhok and a private school in Staraya Ladoga. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Tver: We complete the construction of the private school in Tver and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Yaroslavl, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Yaroslavl: We complete the construction of the private school in Yaroslavl and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Rostov: We completed the construction of the private school in Rostov and start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Yaroslavl, Muscovy. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Karelia: We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to military. As fur traders and hunters begin to move into Karelia, the border is expanded 3000 square miles directly to the north. We are pleased that peaceful terms have been met between us and Scandinavia, and we hope to improve relations in the future.
 * Netherlands: William begins looking to either secure a marriage with one of the daughters of Queen Elsa of Scandinavia as his father wished or to secure a marriage with one of the other major ruling dynasties of Europe. The Kingdom continues to prosper as trade and banking provide a massive influx of capital. The stocks of the East India Company continue to develop more and more as trade with the orient evolves and solidifies. Military and naval expansion continue. Dutch shipwrights start exploring new ship designs that will allow for greater mobility and firepower. More of the Roman firearms are produced by Wallon gunsmithies. Some revisions are made to the current tactics used by the Royal Army mainly due to the oppprtunities provided by this new firearm which proves to be superior in firing capacity and cheaper to produce. The arts and sciences continue to flourish and develop as the courts and universities of the Netherlands fund them due to the large amounts capital avaliable to the nation. The bourgoeisie and aristocracy continue to grow as does their wealth. The luxurious life style of the Netherlands continues to evolve. Great mansions, town houses and public works are built, such as the Theatre of Brussels and the Arts building of the University of Amsterdam. The major cities continue to grow and the architectural style of the buildings continue to change. Influence over Sunda and the rest of the East Indies continue to grow as Batavia grows in importance within the region following the collapse of the Thai Empire. The first Dutch building is finished in Batavia becoming the headquarters of the East India Company in the Orient. Exploration and trading in the New World continue a settlement near the Amazon River is built. However, it is ultimately abandoned by the end of the Year due to inadequate supplies and the climate. Karl van Nassau-Orleans is named Prince of Holland until William gains an heir. Karl continues to listen to the stories Mirza tells, and after much harrassment he finally convinces his brother to name Mirza his main tutor. Wallon culture and the French language continue to influence the development of the national identity as French remains just as important as Dutch within political and academic circles.
 * Prussia: The Prussians begin to develop their military. The Prussians continue to build their new navy. Prussia continues to Germanize their ethnic minorities.
 * Courland: The Curonians also continue developing their military.
 * Estland: Ossel-Wiek also continues developing their military. Duke Franz continues to reshape the face of Arensburg.
 * Oyo Empire: The Songhai nation collapses, with the Oyo capturing the cities of Gao and Timbuktu at the beginning of the year. With the Songhai terribly demoralized, the Oyo begin to consolidate their gains in the region, appealling to the people that their cause was just, and that the crimes of the previous government had to be punished in the name of the Allah for their murder of fellow Muslims. This appeal to the people to view the war from the perspective Allah may have viewed it, gains the coalition that invaded Songhai many supporters, agreeing that opposing Oyo was one thing, but actively murdering fellow Muslims was a step too far, and that their leaders were justly punished for their actions. Oyo assures the people that they have no quarrel with the civilians, but that they are now under the rulership of the empire. Songhai's territories are thus incorporated into the territories of Burkina, which is renamed Mali and desginated as the successor state to Songhai. The military, economy, and infrastructure are expanded, and given the few losses of the Oyo during the war, the military is quick to rebuild the few needed forces. The navy is expanded, with newer editions of the nlanla and eranko class vessels, quickly approaching the standards of the Europeans as the Oyo gain more and more knowledge of shipbuilding. The Akan, impressed by the Oyo victory and their kind treatment of their new citizens in Mali, become increasingly more convinced that the Oyo may in fact not be as evil as their ancestors had decried them to be. The fifth year of Akan's vassalization begins.
 * Benin: Benin expands its colony in Gabon by 500km, moving in a straight line from the coast inland, closing off expansion into the north to the Spaniards. The miltiary, economy, and infrastructure are expanded, and the development of Benin's navy continues, with many of the naus class ships granted to Benin by Oyo as a gift for their actions in the war against Songhai.
 * Mali: Mali consolidates its new lands, and begins working to aid those displaced by the war. Using its newfound wealth, Mali uses the money to care for the refugees, rebuild cities, and expand the military it used to fight the war to protect the entire region. The force is thus expanded to a force of 150,000, with plans to increase its size to 250,000 following a census revealing the population to be about 25 million. Thus, it expands its military, economy, and infrastructure following the war.
 * Ife: Ife expands its military, infrastructure, and economy in the wake of the conflict, its leaders pleased that the war has come to an end.
 * Vorlayacor:  As the newest villages become established, we officially expand our borders three pixels in all directions.  Planning and construction of the first ocean going cargo ships continues.
 * Ottoman Sultanate: We ask peace treaty with many other countries including the Roman Empire, Vorlaycor, Oyo empire, Prussia, Bengal Sultanate and Netherlands. We develop our navy and our army too.
 * Roman Diplomacy: The Romans are not interested with peace with the Ottomans until the Roman banner flies over Anatolia once more.
 * I believe the new Ottoman player has used his one-time switch. He switched to the caliphate of Mecca so you should cross this ottoman post out.
 * Maharajya of Marwar: After the Indian war and negotiations with the Marwari allies, the Empire is integrated into Marwar and the non-Indian population is promised fair treatment, although some are already emmigrating toward Chagatai and Safavid Persia. Moreover, the exploitation of minerals other than salt increases rapidly.
 * South Chagatai: As immigration increases the economy is developed to be prepared for the consequences.
 * Rajya of Jaisalmer: The Jaisalmer Raja demands for a free trade pact with the Maharajya which allows the people to freely enter and leave Jaisalmer.
 * County of Oldenburg: A small expedition is sent to Neu Norderney (Labrador). It departs from Neu Bremen (former Hessian colony in Greenland) with the OHG's whaling fleet. They follow the fleet to Flagstaff Bay (otl Happy-Valley-Goose-Bay) before sailing North. Eventually, they arrive in otl Hudson Bay, which they name the Adelheid Sea. They follow the coast South approximately to the otl Quebec-Ontario border before heading home. Upon their return home, the expedition raises the question of settling the new land. The Council, however, finds the idea unfeasible at the moment, and the OHG is not interested since the Gerrnlandic colonies are more than sufficient for the present.
 * Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: Work on the interior decoration of the City Church of Saint Andrew the Apostle continues, with many renowned artists congregating to work on the walls, statues, frescoes etc.
 * Natigosteg L'nu: Interest in the fur trade continues to mount. This year, trade with Ungava and Aksimiki reaches new and unforeseen levels, flooding the market with furs. Their value plummets. As a result,t he devastated fur traders form a company to prevent this, the Kangiqusualuk Company. Efforts to modernize and upgrade the nation's ships to be able to cross the Atlantic begin, while taxes are sent to Albion's colonies through the smaller ships available. Increasing numbers of books are copied using Mi'kmaq hieroglyphs, and the library's content rises to 50 volumes. Tea cultivation continues.
 * Ungava:Expands 1000 km south, reaching the Ottawa Islands.
 * Aksimiki:Expand 1000 km.


 * Marrikuwuyanga Empire: The wheat surplus had steadily increased which had allowed the Marrikuwuyanga to increase their population. The Marrikuwuyanga continued their trade with the Dutch East Indian Company after the Supreme Council of Twelve had allowed the Dutch to create a trade outpost [1 px] at West Timor. The Marrikuwuyangan economy was steadily growing after the shock it had faced when the Ayutthaya faced rebellion. The Marrikuwuyanga deported the 1000 Ayutthaya soldiers back to their homelands after the Emperor faced pressure from the Supreme Council of Twelve. The Marrikuwuyanga now produced muskets in large number, although training in using spears was still provided. Marrikuwuyanga expand 50 px along the eastern coast. The Emperor faced with the threat of Buddhism undermining his position, started mass conversions of Buddhists to Yadaism [Yadaism is a combination of Buddhism and the worship of Emperor Yada Gulpilil], and the Supreme Council openly declared that Ayutthaya and Buddhists were demons, not celestial beings the Marrikuwuyanga had previously considered them to be and the Buddhists were now persecuted. [I'll make an algorithm regarding a Buddhist rebellion two years later, since the Buddhists make up 17% of Marrikuwuyanga population]
 * Timor: The extensive work on developing Timor's navy and military had proved beneficial after the Dutch had started providing the Marrikuwuyanga with their warships for the Marrikuwuyanga to examine and build. The Marrikuwuyangan Emperor, Yada Gulpilil was worshipped by many natives and his power continued to increase over the tribes of Timor. Development of Timor's infrastructure had started with the aid of Dutch, and the construction of a major port for the Dutch to utilize too had started
 * Marrikuwuyangan Diplomacy: The Dutch East Indies Company and the Council of the Supreme 12 sign the Treaty of Tapu
 * Safavid Empire: We build up our military and navy. We Finish building walls and outposts around our capital city. The building of the biggest mosque in the nation is finished. Port cities are being rebuilt. More ships are being made for our navy. Our own version of guns are being made. Farming is becoming one of the most important industries, besides blacksmithy, trading and fishing. The building of the first college in the capital city is complete. Guns are now mass produced in our country. We continue to make more woodblock printing presses for our libraries. Prototype cannons at three feet long are continuing to be made. A trade route from our home country to Oirat is mapped out. People are now trading with each other on this trade route. Foreign exchange banks are becoming popular in our country due to the ETA (Eurasian Trade Agreement). Trade has increased due to the ETA. A new art form is continuing to be drawn. It is a mix of Safavid, Oirat and Mughal art. Our art is continuing to be popular with all of the nation around us. We continue to vassel Khanate of Khiva by bringing in troops and Islamic leaders to influence them in our way. Trade goes well with the Dutch merchants. All slaves that come from the Oyo nation are continuing to be converted to Shiite Islam. We continue to trade with the Roman Empire.
 * The Great Liao Empire: Cement and iron increase in production. We develop the economy and trade by ETA. As we increase in population, we slowly target our expansion northward. We continue to develop our firearms. We begin building up our military and create even tougher practices. We expand our settlement at North Baikal Lake. We begin sending our soldiers next to the Baikal Jurchens. We continue building up on our border against the Baikal Jurchens and we build forts. We ramp up our military. We build more cannons (siege equipment). We get out military back from Mughal and launch an offensive on China with Mughal forces. 100,000 Liao soldiers attack China with more recruited at the minute. We recruit another 50,000 soldiers, with the supplies and money from the monetary gains of ETA.
 * Yakutsk: We expand by 500 sq km and trade with indigeneous people.
 * Gorutsk: We expand by 200 sq km and trade with indigeneous people.
 * Liao D: We ask for trade relationships with European nations.
 * Liao D to Tartary and Safavid: We ask our dear allies to give us support for our future conquest of the Baikal Jurchens. 
 * Caliphate of Mecca: We ask if we could trade and ally with Marwari Maharajya and Safavid empire.  We are building up  markets in our country. We ask if any other country wants to ally or trade wtih us. We ask Safavid Empire for the blue prints of their own version of their guns. We ask if they could teach some of our people so that we could have more advanced blacksmithy and fishing. We also ask if they could send some teachers to Mecca so that our people could be more educated.
 * Fusahito Theocracy:  Work begins on developing the new Manchurian colony ceded by the Manchu Empire, both as a trading post and to expand military influence on the mainland. Many newly emancipated slaves chose to move to the undeveloped land in the colony which, along with a campaign of coercion, induces a sharp fall in the level of rural violence. The port of Tairikuku is continued to be built on the Manchurian coast at OTL Vladivostok trading post providing access to the Asian mainland. A major military encampment is built alongside the port, where around 10,000 soldiers are sent in order to subdue the natives and establish Japanese military influence on the mainland. Military  turn.  Emancipated slaves begin to take advantage of the state Land Bank to purchase land cheaply in underdeveloped regions, particularly the Date Province and the new Manchurian colony. However, whilst chattel based slavery is outlawed, debt based slavery is kept legal, even in some cases encouraged. This is done to protect the Emperor's interests and to prevent an open revolt against the unpopular measures introduced. In the meantime, the  Emperor continues to provide financial and economic support to the Hosokawa Clan and the Japanese islands to the North which have thrown off the yoke of Chinese dominance. These measures continue to draw these Japanese patriots closer to the Theocracy. (Year Eight of Sixteen). Japanese armed forces continue to fight in Korea.
 * Grand Duchy of Hamburg: Friedrich II turns fifteen, and assumes full control of the realm. He shows support for expeditions west, as well as strengthening Hamburgs trade influence, especially in Africa and Asia. Ships are sent mid-year, in search of suitable trade partners.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire continues to expand its trade, and Roman merchants travel far and wide Wwith their Ragusan compatriots in the pursuit of more money. Trade ships scour the New world and Asia for new goods to bring to European markets. Back in the Empire, leverlock weapons continue to be produced, and matchlocks continue to be used by the poor. Wheelocks begin to be used by the upper class along with rifling to create the most extravagant hunting weapons. In naval affairs, the Imperial Navy completes the first of a new type of ship called the galleass, a powerful new class that packs considerable firepower. Impressed with a live demonstration, the government gives the go-ahead to produce more, and before the year is out three more are constructed. To further the strength of the Imperial Navy, construction of new naval facilities in Thessalonica and Athens similar to those of Venice and the Roman shipyards already in play begins. The Roman Empire makes a formal offer to the Spanish regarding the future of Cyprus and its possible transition back to Roman rule. 
 * Albania: The nation continues to expand its military potential as Albanian nationalism continues to rise with regards to unification.
 * Ragusa: Trade ships continue to accompany Roman companion ships in Asia in the pursuit of more money and trade goods. Ragusan ships in Thailand and India bring back rich spices, augmenting the natural goods Ragusa has. The military is slightly expanded to up to 500 troops total that can be raised.
 * Castilian Dip: We will talk to the Roman empire about Cyprus and the terms and conditions of its move back into the Roman Sphere due to cultural similarities.
 * Castile: The Colony of Buenos Aires expands by (15 px) up the coast and establishes a captaincy farther south (5 px). The Castilian populace reaches about 10.1 million and growing. The Kingdom itself begins to expand its armed forces to nearly 80,000 and sends more military ships to Monaco to protect it from any aggression. The Castilian forces begin training exercizes. The Navy also begins to make serious advances in technology and armed attack formations along with its pushes out into the wide seas. The Colony of Buenos Aires reaches a population of about 12,000 and growing with the more families and women showing up. Castilian exploration ships begin exploring south to check out farther down the coast and look for the southern edge of the continent. Charles of Castile who had gone to the New World becomes governor of the Buenos Aires Colony. With the revolt in Seville Queen Alexis sends in the most experienced troops from both Castile and Aragon to keep control. However, she also announces that while Charles may be her husband he is not the leading monarch of Castile and Aragon, and that she will continue to rule with dignity and respect as she was before. Along with this, the Queen dictates to her husband that they will rule their own personal realms separately and that Austria will have no true power over Castile, Aragon or any of their possessions due to the pride and high national spirits of their accomplishments. Along with this, the Queen also dictates to her husband that in the event of her death that one of their sons will ascend to the throne of Castile and not Charles - and the brother will ascend to the throne of Austria. Alexis writes up a treaty dictating the terms to her husband and requests it be signed publicly in Seville to solidify her stern stance on any true outside influences on Spain and prove to the people of Seville that Austria will not come to dominate or take over Castile and Aragon now collectively being known as Spain. A Ceremony is held for passed King Ferdinand, and his Leading heir bearing the same name honoring their lives once again. This is named a national holiday. Phillip is put into the Spanish Royal education system. With the Addition of the Incas into the Spanish Empire the combination of the Zapoteca, and Inca riches and their trade under Spain has left Spain the richest kingdom in the whole of Europe. However, inflation starts to become an issue. With this, however, the Queen appoints a financial advisor which not only opens a a few banks across the country but smartly prevents the massive amounts of gold and silver from entering national circulation and puts it straight into the national treasury creating a program in which controlled amounts are released into the currency system.
 * Kingdom of Aragon: With Castilian assistance various infrastructural areas are rebuilt and the military is expanded to a token force of 10,000. Along with this support the Aragonian economy recovers slowly with a slow but controlled influx of Castilian economic aid helping Aragon recover. The ruling magistrate over Aragon signs a landmark trade deal with Castile which allows for Aragon's usage of Castile's large amounts of trade posts down the coast of Africa. The Aragonians now in control of the Spanish South African trading company fund the creation of the expansion of the Trade outpost into a formal colony to be settled much like Morocco and Granada were by Castile. The Colony of Cape Ferdinand expands 10 px up the coast and expands the captaincy down the coast now covering the mouth of the Orange River on the coast (5 px). It's mostly populated by Castilians who are the main people moving to the colonies. Aragon's population continues to be culturally integrated with the next generation speaking primarily Spanish with Catalan being phased out by the newer generation. Aragon recognizes Alexis of Castile as their Queen.
 * Kingdom of Cyprus: Cyprus gaining large funds from being a Castilian trade hub, begins building a few ships domestically, and purchases ships from Castile, or her allies shipwrights forming a respectable Cypriot navy of almost 90 ships with expected expansion to come. This expansion has been achieved specifically thanks to huge amounts of outsourcing to private shipwrights. Cyprus begins to see an exodus of the Knights Hospitaller west to Castile and her territories and King Matthias begins a larger recruitment for the military managing to raise a force of nearly 10,000. This force is largely funded through the large trade Cyprus has gathered. The troops are styled after Castile's royal army and Cyprus embarks on an intense training program in order to bring them up to standards. The Knights, with many departing, also have many older and other knights stay due to their close ties with Cyprus. They remain to run the Knights Hospitaller in Cyprus for the foreseeable future while a large number have migrated across the sea. The Kingdom of Cyprus due to the recent issues in Castile reluctantly recognizes Carlos and his Regency for Prince Ferdinand. Cyprus itself with its fleet of nearly 100 ships begins to take after the Venetian example with trade and begins to put Cypriot merchant ships into state possession for trade in order to help with the kingdom's finances and heavy trade. This show immediate results as a relative increase in funding and attention to trade between Castile and her allies begins to improve the quality of trade. The Assassins Guild sets up in Cyprus looking to prevent issues in the kingdom with corruption and serving as their base into Muslim countries. The King of Cyprus on his deathbed declares that a vote by the nobles on whether to join Castile will be held and a public forum will be held on what the people think of this.
 * Kingdom of Morocco: The country begins the construction of various canals and cultivates trees farther inland to help increase arable farmland. The Moroccan economy continue to expand with greater trade coming from Castile and the Canaries all the way down to Capo Verde increasing the relative wealth. The Kingdom with many canals having been completed has vastly expanded its farmland among other things. Morocco's total population reaches one million with Christianity becoming dominant in the area. Calne-Vicuna is finished and is opened as a center for Christianity in North Africa with a library said to rival old Alexandria's. The Moroccan Assassins Guild forms and spreads keeping the peace and killing the corrupt as well as making Morocco much more peaceful for Castilian Rule. The Kingdom of Morocco officially enters into a personal union with Castile following the magistrates and princes deeming it unnecessary for the King to not have full control in the country. The Magistrates, however, are fully re-instated to continue as they were just under direction of the monarch of Castile.
 * Kongo: The Kingdom begins to work toward a trade and production economy focusing on helping provide resources for Castile's burgeoning West African trade network. The King of the Kongo converting to Christianity and being baptised begins to call for the expansion of ports to the best of the Kongolese architects' abilities. With the King also adopts the name John, in favor of the king who began these exploratory operations down the coast of Africa. The King also organized a band of Christian soldiers who help keep the peace who also begin to help with conversions to Christianity as a series of missionaries and high level priests from the Western Church have come on a ship hearing of many pagans and heretics to convert. The King makes multiple successful campaigns against various of the petty kings in Kongo killing two of them and leaving the third on the run. The Christianization of multiple areas is completed and multiple others are begun. The Kingdom of the Kongo in an attempt to increase economic output and trade begins to export a moderate amount of raw materials to Castile and begins to push toward heavy exploitation methods if possible.
 * Mapuche: With the defeat by the Spanish a royal governor is appointed by the Castilians. The governor immediately goes to work to prevent his workforce from being killed by disease and to prevent revolts and by immediately marching groups of about 1000 people to the colonial capital. These people are immediately transferred onto available ships and throughout the year are sent up the coast via Spanish ships to a location unknown to the Mapuche. The Mapuche also continue to see major issues from European contact are given orders to isolate themselves if they are sick to prevent further expansion of the disease. The governor also manages to gain a force of about 200 as a garrison. The Mapuche people begin to see the first mixed children between Spanish and Mapuche people. The Spanish institute the Ecomienda system. However, the Spanish governor, in order to keep control of the people, orders the Spanish heads of the system to treat the natives fairly in order to prevent mass deaths from overworking and resentment. Spanish farming techniques have definitely prevented starvation as the Mapuche continue to expand toward the coast building a road to connect it all. The Spanish governor, also using the local Mapuche as scouts, is able to expand much more than the Buenos Aires colony and uses this to his advantage to secure more land to be able to turn over to Spanish settlers. The Royal Governor expands the territory by 1000 sq km
 * Inca Diplomacy: we ask for Spain to aid us in modernization and in training exercises. We also ask Spain if we may begin trade with other European powers, namely Rome.
 * Aztec Empire: The Spanish language continues to be studied and learned. Immunity among the people begins to grow noticeable, as new children are being born with the immunities. Although more die, we continue the quarantine. We update and enhance our military, as Emperor Tezcacoatl I has requested. Christianity continues to be studied, as many priests and missionaries have been more than happy to teach the people, some even for free. Much of the Aztec population now, is understanding of Spanish, and practice Christianity. The Aztecs begin to accept the new religion, as sacrificial paganism became too disliked by the people under Emperor Montezuma II's reign.  We ask that the Spanish help us modernize, and teach us more about the world they come from' . We offer more silver to the Spanish that have been helping us combat disease. The old idea of the elders, of limiting and segregating sick people is put into use. The reconstruction of military bases continues, and the population slowly rises to 2.9 million. We advance the military, upgrading our technology. We begin to request trading with France and the Roman Empire.'
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Bavaria expands its economy. The population continues to rise. Grand Duchess Franz-Albert and his council continues to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with twenty-five very large cogs being finished. We begin using an established trade route, with important stops in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany, due to a longstanding trade deal. Continuing in 1515, Franz-Albert commissions six cogs to sail around western Mediterranean coasts. The market center in Landshut continues to attract Bavarian and Venetian traders. In religious news, around 76% of the country adheres to the Western Church. Most adherents live around Munchen and Landshut. In other news, Bavaria continues implementing the Alliance and Merchant Act as well as the Militia and Navy Act. The Bavarian Court continues hosting a largely Venetian composition. However, many Bavarian families have intermingled with the Venetians, creating a distinct social class and gentry. In national news, the common courts continue to be implemented around Bavaria as several of the lower class make use it of. The serf laws begin to be used as well. Skeptics who theorized that the serf laws would mark no profound change in society begin to be proven wrong. In 1515, as many as two hundred serfs sue for their freedom. Franz-Albert begins to ponder a law that would fully abolish serfdom, seeing how it has more or less deteriorated in Bavaria. The wild unpopularity of these laws begin to wear off as well. Franz-Albert further incorporates the Collegiate Writs, allowing many more lower class men to enter college. In legal news, Franz-Albert continues implementing the Bavarian Commands. The war with Hesse has been ended, with Bavaria annexing a small section of Bremen to use as a port.
 * Munchen: By 1515, the total class of Queen Isabell University amounts to about 4500 men. Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. The Collegiate Writs begin to draw more men to college.
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Wurzburg: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. A religious change begins occurring in Wurzburg upon the ascension of Franz-Albert, where many more Western Christians begin inhabiting the bishopric. The clergy begins being alarmed and they fear displacement. An envoy dispatched by Franz-Albert attempts to quell their fears.
 * Thuringia: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert and Count Regent Vittorio continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Countess Elisabeth normalizes taxes in an effort to subset any rebellion.
 * Saxony: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert and Count Regent Vittorio continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Countess Elisabeth normalizes taxes in an effort to subset any rebellion.
 * Eire (Member Nation of the UKGA): Eoghan O'Briain, intrigued by tales of a western land, goes on another voyage in a fleet of six ships sponsored by the King Tomas II, who has attained the title recently gained the title "the Enterprising" for his sponsorship of merchant-class enterprises and especially voyages of exploration. O'Briain is granted a charter by the Eiric Exploration company and gathers a group of traders, adventurers, farmers, and fortune seekers and establishes the colony Nuaphail at OTL Dalhousie (Newpale in English, after the barrier that surrounds the main town which reminds the Irish of the old barrier dividing English Ireland and Irish Ireland, only ironically, the Irish are the ones inside the Pale this time), with the main city being known as Nua Luimneach (New Limerick), as the area it is settled on is akin to the Eiric city of Limerick. Meanwhile, the military is built up, after the Scandinavian War, and bitterness rises against Hamburg and the HRE. The pidgin language that has been spoken in the port cities of Eire that is related to Brythenglish becomes an official language of Eire, with it being entitled "Albionic". Our explorers discover much of the land between OTL Cape Cod and Labrador, and claim it for the UKGA and all aligned native tribes. A map is drafted of these regions. Galway becomes the main center for Western trade and colonization.
 * Nuaphail: After the first year of the colony, the first major wave of settlers begins to arrive at the fledgling town of Nua Luimneach/Limerick. Composed of a diverse group of indentured servants, fortune-seekers, soldiers, missionaries, and free settlers, the vast majority are from Eire, specifically the port cities of Limerick, Tralee, and Galway, but a smattering are from other parts of Eire and even the kingdoms of Great Albion. We also begin to send single women, who are rewarded for their passage to the colony in money and other goods. Friendly relations are established with the Natigosteg L'nu, and other surrounding Mi'kmaq tribes though there are some raids, and we come to the L'nu with various trinkets and a picture of King Tomas II and one of the Eiric countryside. Due to the bounty of the surrounding area in natural resources, there is more than enough food, especially with the help of the L'nu, and the first batches of cod and lumber are exported. Missionaries of the Western Church are sent to all surrounding tribes, and we sail up the OTL St Lawrence as far as OTL Quebec City, with missionaries spreading the Faith and trinkets to native people in exchange for food and loyalties. We expand 1000 km along both the north and south shores of Chaleur Bay.
 * Tawatinsuyu: The plague continues to ravage the population, with 58% of the popuation infected.  The Sapa Inca gives birth to an heir, who is isolated in hopes of protecting him from the disease.  Many Inca see the plague as a curse from the gods andbelievee that their suffering has been caused by the Sapa Inca's subordination to Spain and his want to "moderinize".  This new purest group is most popular in, irronicly, Cuzco, where the treaty was signed. Allapa Anaka (Literally means Land Hawk), the leader of this purest movement, gains significant traction as he was an army leader in both the War for Cuzcan Dominance and the Conquering of the Aymara.  Economy improves following the beginning of trade with the Spanish and access to the massive economy of the Spanish Confederation.  The Sapa Inca begins to work with the Royal governor to combat the disease.
 * |onte continues to have a large surplus of grain. Though adopting "western farming", the idea of "the tribe" is still very much so alive, as people always share the crops they have grown, or the animals they have hunted amongst the community. Mon's children advocate the planting of trees in small groves. Throughout the year, Mon's children go elephant hunting, though it is very dangerous, as they are hunting them with arquebuses, and the whole process requires much co-ordination. However, the results are said to be spectacular, as the tribe gains new wealth in the collected ivory, and the elephant meat is considered a rarity. The season resulted in twelve elephants being killed, an increase due to the recently build elephant pen. Much of the younger generation knows how to hunt, and begin to help their parents, increasing the prosperity of the tribe. Not only do they know how to hunt, but in accordance with tribal tradition, each one of them may become a warrior if the need be, trained both in the arquebus and the bow, though the arquebus is gaining much ground against the arrow. |onte is becoming very rich with money made from elephant hunting, as they have nothing to spend the money on. Ma-n!o continues to police his "Rikisi-ate", hunting down the remaining native men. Niko sends coconuts to |onte at a cheap price. Ma-n!o begins to build a merchant fleet independant of |onte. |on is taught by the tribesmen to their new wives and children. Mon II begins teaching children in the vicinity of the Kunene how to read, causing great interest amongst children of these strange characters, that give them a new form to play.  Mon II continues the project that will be his life's work: the Kunene library. Debarubo consolidates recently acquired territory. Debarubo plays with the concept of claiming his family as the "Rikisis" of |onte. |onte's population rises to over 12,000. There is a population centre that is beginning to appear around the mouth of the Kunene, and is simply referred to as Kunene.
 * The Kingdoms of Great Albion (Scotland and England) - member nation of the UKGA: Many ships are modernized and replaced to keep the Royal Albion Navy a powerful force on the high seas. Port Edmundburg continues to experience a growth in population. Albionic settlers continue to explore the surrounding areas. The dialect of English originally found in Scotland and the Eire grows so large that it covers most of the North of England. This new dialect is called Bythigish (portmanteau of Brython and English). English nobles begin to enjoy the Celtic myths of Eire and Scotland. The Templar Order continues to undercut the King's enemies and seeks ways to privately grow the power of the King and Albion as a whole. The Order buys up many smaller businesses and collectivizes some farms. The Order begins to expand into other areas of Europe, seeking to grow understanding as well as pushing Albionic ideals. Albion continues to explore farther west and south. A clockmaker from Cambridge becomes popular for his accurate timepieces and the exquisite wood housing. He creates a chime for the St Mary's Cathedral, the chimes are called the Cambridge Chimes (OTL Westminster Quarters aka Big Ben's chime). The Chimes become so popular, other clock-makers incorporate the chimes into their clocks. The Crown Dominion of Hamburg does well this year, as an influx of trade begins to repair the wounds of several wars. The English Renaissance is born when several painters in London show off some impressive works. Trade with the Mughal Empire begins to boom.
 * Calais: Military and navy are expanded.
 * Dublin: Dublin undergoes another remodel and expansion to the ports due to the massive influx of trade from Castile and Venice as well as an increased Eire trade.
 * Scotland: Expands navy and military. Pan Albion sentiments grow, Trade increases. Whiskey is traded down to central Albion.
 * Wales: Wales expands its military and navy. Cardiff becomes a large centre of trade for Wales. The Welsh appoint Adam Cyrdger as Royal Minister. The first sessions of parliament are held. Wales does not see as large a population boom as Albion or Scotland, but a minor one, centered around Cardiff and Swansea, does occur.
 * Port Edmundburg expands by 1000 sq km east. The African colonists begin looking toward mining and other ventures to generate profit.
 * New Cambridgeshire: New Cambridgeshire expands by 1000 sq km west. Colonists begin to explore around the region and begin to have a large fishing boom. The Port of New Rotham is expanded to handle excess ships from Albion and other European nations and is renamed by popular vote as New Oxford. The people of New Oxford also begin an attempt to gain knowledge of farming in Borealia from Native Peoples.
 * Hesse: Hermann IV and his son, Friedrich I  follow the footsteps of Eva, taking refuge in Austria, renouncing any possible claims to the throne. Philip now stands uncontested, except by some of his female cousins. He re-institutes male progeniture to solve this issue. He begins taking down signs of the old ways, and promising neutrality. Philip I announces that he is open to marriage. He also begins trading with the Roman Empire. Major efforts are made to make the economy recover after the major loss at the end of the Hessian Wars.
 * Rumania: Stephen, now 40, continues to work on improving the economy; Iron, salt and coal mines dot the landscape. Coal is produced for metalworking and heating. These mines provide the resources required by the foundries and traders on the coast. The growing mines require more processing facilities, which spur more development along the coast. More large shipyards open and the lumber industry continues to expand. Leverlock muskets continue to become a major export and required resources drive a booming mining industry. The Danube becomes a highway of commerce, hundreds of barges travel up and down its length transporting people, materials, goods, and ideas. The spread of better sanitation systems, first introduced to Constanta by the Romans, causes a slow increase in the average lifespan. As much as 9% of the nation has reached basic literacy, and the Moralists promote education of commoners by priests, in order to give everyone the opportunity to read the bible. Education among the elite is becoming almost mandatory. Constantius, now 16 and his brother Radu, now 15, continue their education in matters of state and policy.
 * The Consulate of Bulgaria: The economy continues to grow. The printing press spreads south into Bulgaria just as in Rumania. Ties with Rumania are strengthened; hundreds of Romanians move into the country, seeking cheap and productive land, and inter-marriage becomes very common. Bulgarians also begin to migrating to trade towns in Romania to seek more economic opportunities. Bulgarian populations in Rumania now represent a large minority, and the same can be said about Romanians in Bulgaria. Ethnic tensions are uncommon in both nations as multi-ethnic communities existed before the large migrations. By now the ethnic make-up of the region is 18% Romanian, 77% Bulgarian, and 5% other minorities including Greek, Serbian, German, Turkic and Hungarian.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 1000 sq km each settlement. The colonies continue growing as expected. The navy begins a huge update in order to establish a stronger control over over seas territories such as the colonies and to have further control over Africa. while this the king seeks for the French influence to grow in unexpected territories. sending a group of diplomats and explorers into Mali/Songhai (whoever is there) in order to create an ally in the region and attempting to establish a relationship (vassalage or protectorate) exploiting the hatred seems to be in the region against the Oyo empire (Vassalage Turn 4 out of +/- 20)using the seemingly continuous aggresions of the oyo over the songhai, the king of france offers to give them weaponry to defend themselves and help in taking oyo's threat if needed.
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy are built up.
 * Sardinia: Military and economy are built up.
 * Basel: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aargau: Military and economy are built up. The French presence begins to be felt. However, the attempts to establish a pro-Germanic government in order to avoid eventual uprisings, internal vassalization begins as well to fully convince German leadership.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up.
 * Trier: Military and economy are built up.
 * Julich: Military and economy are built up.
 * Zweibrucken: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aurienne: The kingdom begins establishing its control over the regions sending a dozen of "diplomats" into Europe to establish more active relations with the French and their allies. Military and economy are built up. The nation expands both west and east toward the colonies of the French. Some locals begin dying from smallpox and other known European diseases.
 * Guaxirenne: the country expands southward and military and economy are built up
 * Austria: This turn in both our nation and in all our vassals is dedicated to military. We train and expand our military using new experience from recent wars, and grow our nation economically. In Morocco our position in Melilla is fortified. All fortifications around the region are rebuilt and manned by stationed guards in case of an attack. To protect Melilla the construction of a fortress outside the city is considered, although postponed for now. The port of Melilla is rebuilt to begin operation as a trade port and military outpost. Construction continues on a shipyard in the Melilla port to facilitate the construction and repair of friendly ships. Melilla is granted a permanent naval garrison in the city’s port, to respond to dangers in the area, and to support the small garrison on land which mans the fortifications. Our position in Morocco is fortified by re-inforcements, bringing Melilla operational against attacks. For now a small fleet is stationed in its harbor, while its garrison continues to hold the north and its supply lines, supporting our Christian brethren. With much of the Muslim population of Melilla left dead after the war against Morocco, the local government attempts to entice settlers by offering large quantities of land to Christian settlers. Many Europeans, particularly of German descent and/or from central Europe begin settling the area around Melilla. With finances from Augsburg-based banking establishments, the Trieste Company continues to launch expeditions to West Africa. Abrechtburg has grown to a decently sized settlement, supporting a population of farmers, traders, and a small garrison of soldiers. The town also houses a well furbished fort, armed with a small amount of cannons intended to defend the settlement and the harbor from any attack. Built out of necessity, the port at Abrechtburg is refurbished and expanded to support more trade ships, and allied countries are welcomed to trade and stay in the town. The second largest settlement in Westenland, Dominusburg, follows suit, finishing the construction of a port similar to Abrechtburg‘s. Trade posts continue to be built and exploited, now numbering several dozen along the coast of Westenland and into allied territory. Our reliance on the Wolof becomes less so, but we sign a trade agreement with their nation to continue our positive relationship. Deals are made with the Wolof for slaves and other goods. Conversion of the natives begin around the settlement. Several bimereiches and caravels begin construction in Trieste, Melilla, Corfu, and other ports,  to further facilitate and protect overseas trade. Trade is increased with the Grand Duchy of Bavaria and other trade partners, bringing about new avenues of trade and commerce. Expeditions to the New World continue to increase trade with Spanish possessions.
 * Zapoteca: With the number of immune people in the population growing, disease begins to dwindle in the Empire. The Spanish aid is greatly appreciated. The Emperor continues financing Spanish settlers to come to the kingdom and marry into the population. Trade increases and continues with the Spanish. Tlaco II expands roadways connecting cities in the alliance to help merchants and soldiers move freer between them. The military, which had been outdated for many years, continues to be upgraded. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. In the coastal regions under Danibaan's influence, more boats are created. Tlaco II orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Itzapam continues prospering under Zapotecan rule, improving their economy immensely.
 * Zapoteca: With the number of immune people in the population growing, disease begins to dwindle in the Empire. The Spanish aid is greatly appreciated. The Emperor continues financing Spanish settlers to come to the kingdom and marry into the population. Trade increases and continues with the Spanish. Tlaco II expands roadways connecting cities in the alliance to help merchants and soldiers move freer between them. The military, which had been outdated for many years, continues to be upgraded. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. In the coastal regions under Danibaan's influence, more boats are created. Tlaco II orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Itzapam continues prospering under Zapotecan rule, improving their economy immensely.

1516
'''A German knight by the name of Gottfriend von Berlichingen, notorious soldier who saw combat during the war in Hesse and other minor engagements, becomes the personal bodyguard of Emperor Charles V. Gottfriend, known as the “Knight with the Iron Fist” for his large iron prosthetic hand, after leading a charge in a battle in which he punched a cannonball in mid air, causing his arm to explode into several pieces, becomes notorious for his brutality with his iron fist. '''

The fall of the Nantan meteorite is observed near the city of Nantan, Nandan County, Guangxi, China.
 * Portugal: Continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Lenhame. By this time, the colony in Lenhame starts to export wheat to Portugal. Meanwhile, trade intensifies in the African coast. The Açores continue to be settled. Meanwhile, the naus continue to be used. Naval explorations directed to the west continue, after news that new lands may have been found there. Meanwhile, Santa Cruz expands north by 1000 sq km. Meanwhile, pau-brasil (brazilwood) starts to be extracted in the colony. Meanwhile, sugarcane, that was already present in the Açores, begins to be planted in Santa Cruz. Meanwhile, the colony of São Sebastião expands 1000 sq km.


 * |onte continues to have a large surplus of grain. Though adopting "western farming", the idea of "the tribe" is still very much so alive, as people always share the crops they have grown, or the animals they have hunted amongst the community. Mon's children advocate the planting of trees in small groves. Throughout the year, Mon's children go elephant hunting, though it is very dangerous, as they are hunting them with arquebuses, and the whole process requires much co-ordination. However, the results are said to be spectacular, as the tribe gains new wealth in the collected ivory, and the elephant meat is considered a rarity. The season resulted in twelve elephants being killed, an increase due to the recently build elephant pen. Much of the younger generation knows how to hunt, and begin to help their parents, increasing the prosperity of the tribe. Not only do they know how to hunt, but in accordance with tribal tradition, each one of them may become a warrior if the need be, trained both in the arquebus and the bow, though the arquebus is gaining much ground against the arrow. |onte is becoming very rich with money made from elephant hunting, as they have nothing to spend the money on. Ma-n!o continues to police his "Rikisi-ate", hunting down the remaining native men. Niko sends coconuts to |onte at a cheap price. Ma-n!o begins to build a merchant fleet independant of |onte. |on is taught by the tribesmen to their new wives and children. Mon II begins teaching children in the vicinity of the Kunene how to read, causing great interest amongst children of these strange characters, that give them a new form to play.  Mon II continues the project that will be his life's work: the Kunene library. Debarubo consolidates recently acquired territory. Debarubo plays with the concept of claiming his family as the "Rikisis" of |onte. |onte's population rises to over 12,000. There is a population centre that is beginning to appear around the mouth of the Kunene, and is simply referred to as Kunene. Mon III, son of Debarubo becomes popular in |onte. He takes after his uncle Mon II.
 * Aztec Empire: The Spanish language continues to be studied and learned. Immunity among the people begins to grow noticeable, as new children are being born with the immunities. Although more die, we continue the quarantine. We update and enhance our military, as Emperor Tezcacoatl I has requested. Christianity continues to be studied, as many priests and missionaries have been more than happy to teach the people, some even for free. Much of the Aztec population now, is understanding of Spanish, and practice Christianity. The Aztecs begin to accept the new religion, as sacrificial paganism became too disliked by the people under Emperor Montezuma II's reign. We ask that the Spanish help us modernize, and teach us more about the world they come from. We offer more silver to the Spanish that have been helping us combat disease. The old idea of the elders, of limiting and segregating sick people is put into use. The reconstruction of military bases continues, and the population slowly rises to 2.9 million. We advance the military, upgrading our technology. We begin to request trading with France and the Roman Empire. 
 * Sorry, I forgot I am already trading with them. I'll cross it out for myself. SwankyJ (talk) 19:55, May 28, 2014 (UTC)
 * Zapoteca: With the number of immune people in the population growing, disease begins to dwindle in the Empire. The Spanish aid is greatly appreciated. The Emperor continues financing Spanish settlers to come to the kingdom and marry into the population. Trade increases and continues with the Spanish. Tlaco II expands roadways connecting cities in the alliance to help merchants and soldiers move freer between them. The military, which had been outdated for many years, continues to be upgraded. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. In the coastal regions under Danibaan's influence, more boats are created. Tlaco II orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Itzapam continues prospering under Zapotecan rule, improving their economy immensely.
 * County of Oldenburg: The military is built up, new ships are laid down for the navy and the cavalry in particular is earmarked for improvement. The yellow-coats, as the infantry is increasingly called, practise their pike formation, and the shooters practise firing their firearms. The whaling, sealing and fishing of the Northern waters continues, bringing in much money and many jobs.
 * Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: The City Church of Saint Andrew the Apostle is nearing completion, with mst of the interior decoration finished. It is so beautiful that some people are said to go inside merely to watch the paint dry.
 * Natigosteg L'nu: Ongoing efforts to construct an ocean going ship on the model of sketches of European ones slow as smallpox strikes the island yet again; it is now expected to take four more years. Fortunately, the disease dies out quickly as infection centres are quarantined. Tea cultivation continues, while the Kangiqsualak Company brings in great amounts of furs and walrus ivory from the north. The construction of a palace and library continues, with the library now containing 60 volumes. The Naskapi, now removed to the least fertile territory by L'nu expansion, are offered gifts for returning to their land under L'nu control. This migration process is expected to take five years. (One of Five)
 * Ungava: A new building, a Kangiqsualak Company factory, is constructed at the centre of the nascent "town", Arviliit. The colony expands 1000 km south.
 * Aksimiki: The colony expands 1000 km farther onto the island.
 * Safavid Empire: We build up our military and navy. Port cities are being rebuilt. More ships are being made for our navy. Our own version of guns are being made. Farming is becoming one of the most important industries, besides blacksmithy, trading and fishing. Guns are now mass produced in our country. We continue to make more woodblock printing presses for our libraries. Prototype cannons at three feet long are continuing to be made. A trade route from our home country to Oirat is mapped out. People are now trading with each other on this trade route. Foreign exchange banks are becoming popular in our country due to the ETA (Eurasian Trade Agreement). Trade has increased due to the ETA. A new art form is continuing to be drawn. It is a mix of Safavid, Oirat and Mughal art. Our art is continuing to be popular with all of the nation around us. We continue to vassel Khanate of Khiva by bringing in troops and Islamic leaders to influence them in our way. Trade goes well with the Dutch merchants. All slaves that come from the Oyo nation are continuing to be converted to Shiite Islam. We continue to trade with the Roman Empire. We send a group of people to Caliphate of Mecca to ask for an alliance.
 * Caliphate of Mecca: We extremely welcome the Safavids and of course accept their alliance. We declare that if they need any help in war or anything else, we are welcome to help. We also ask them if they could trade with us too. We send treasures and spices of our own to Safavid Empire. We ask them if they could kindly sell us their blue prints of their own produced guns and also their technology of blacksmithing and fishing. We ask if we could join the ETA due to the fact that our trade is not increasing and our economy too. We are still developing slowly in our country.
 * Marrikuwuyanga Empire: The wheat surplus had steadily increased which had allowed the Marrikuwuyanga to increase their population. The Marrikuwuyanga continued their trade with the Dutch East Indian Company after the Supreme Council of Twelve had allowed the Dutch to create a trade outpost [1 px] at West Timor. The Marrikuwuyangan economy was steadily growing after the shock it had faced when the Ayutthaya faced rebellion. The Marrikuwuyanga deported the 1000 Ayutthaya soldiers back to their homelands after the Emperor faced pressure from the Supreme Council of Twelve. The Marrikuwuyanga now produced muskets in large number, although training in using spears was still provided. Marrikuwuyanga expand 50 px along the eastern coast. The Emperor faced with the threat of Buddhism undermining his position, started mass conversions of Buddhists to Yadaism [Yadaism is a combination of Buddhism and the worship of Emperor Yada Gulpilil], and the Supreme Council openly declared that Ayutthaya and Buddhists were demons, not celestial beings the Marrikuwuyanga had previously considered them to be and the Buddhists were now persecuted. [I'll make an algorithm regarding a Buddhist rebellion two years later, since the Buddhists make up 17% of Marrikuwuyanga population].
 * Timor: The extensive work on developing Timor's navy and military had proved beneficial after the Dutch had started providing the Marrikuwuyanga with their warships for the Marrikuwuyanga to examine and build. The Marrikuwuyangan Emperor, Yada Gulpilil was worshipped by many natives and his power continued to increase over the tribes of Timor. Development of Timor's infrastructure had started with the aid of Dutch, and the construction of a major port for the Dutch to utilize too had started
 * Fusahito Theocracy: The development of the Manchurian colony is continuing, with large warehouses built near the docks to deal with cargo unloaded from Japanese vessels. However, Theocratic forces find problems in subduing the native population, with many raids occuring against trade caravans travelling in to the Manchu Empire and against newly settled agricultural areas that have deprived the natives of their traditional nomadic pastures. However, rather than appease the native population, the Emperor denounces attacks against unarmed settlers and traders as cowardly and an offense to the natural order of Japanese superiority. In response, troops are sent to accompany trade caravans leaving the port of Tairikuku and plans are made to build a series of outposts to tie together the new territory. In the meantime, the Emperor continues to provide financial and economic support to the Hosokawa Clan and the Japanese islands to the North which have thrown off the yoke of Chinese dominance. These measures continue to draw these Japanese patriots closer to the Theocracy. (Year Nine of Sixteen). Japanese armed forces continue to fight in Korea.
 * Grand Duchy of Hamburg: economic growth begins to level off as the economy closes on pre-1498 numbers. With the Dutch loan mostly paid back, Dutch diplomats are asked to come to Hamburg to negotiate Dutch share in Hamburgs economy (just saw that, NK, sorry). The Hamburger Navy grows with improved ships designs, and the merchants fleet booms. With the government slow to send a westward expedition, the HTSC begins an independent voyage. The Duchy of Mecklenburg also sees it economy grow.
 * Magdeburg: military and economy expanded.
 * Bruchhausen: military and economy expanded.
 * Bremen: military and economy expanded.
 * Neue Lüneburg: trade increases.
 * Williamsburg: trade increases.
 *  Pskov' s economy grows this year, due to investment by the bank and by private citizens. Pskov's banks in Scandinavia begin to gain more popularity. Trade is going well for Pskov, and the new exploreres with their maps of the New World come and decide to put them into the univerity's library. The Pskov general library begins construction. The veche orders a census of the populatino to be done to compare pskov to the rest of the population. Pskov continues to advise the Tsar of Russia on economic matters and to manage the Muscovian Mint. Meanwhile, a new charter of freedoms of the individuals is passed in pskov, as it tries to contrast wih the growing absolutism in the rest of Russia, especialy in novgorod where republican tradition is almost universaly high, but slowly and subtly personal opinions are being supressed. The Charter of Rights includes most of the Rights in the Treaty of Moscow I wrote, and in addition the freedom of opinion(the right to dissent), as it is seen to be the corenerstone of the Veche system to agree and disagree with others, and integral to the parcitce of removing Princes if they are doing a bad job to disagree with the Prince. (econ).
 * Oyo Empire: Oyo continues to influence the Akan, brining them under Oyo control by introducing the nkan into their economy, and further tightening their grip on the small, yet developing Akan industry. This completes the sixth year of Akan's vassalization. With the conquest of Songhai having ended a year ago, the Oyo send their surplus goods to Mali to help it develop its military, industry, and economy, seeking to protect it from the Europeans, especially the French who have shown an interest in the region. With twenty-five million inhabitants to care for, the Oyo have drafted a series of laws, regulations, and tax codes for the land to assist it in rebuilding itself into a mighty force should an invasion take place. The Oyo continue to procure Portuguese naus class vessels, aiding them in their trade with Far East Asia as well as Northern Europe. With several dozens of these European ships, Oyo navigators are able to establish trade routes with even the most out of the way locations in the world, bringing Oyo further wealth and prestige. The military, economy, and industry of the nation is developed, and the military of the Oyo rebuilt after the Songhai war.
 * Benin: Benin continues to develop its own navy, expanding its fleet of eranko and nlanla class ships, and expanding its Gabonese colony by 500 km to fill up the land that it claimed by shutting off all northward expansion by the Spaniards. The military, economy, and infrastructure of the nation are expanded.
 * Mali: Mali continues to develop its military, economy, and infrastructure, gaining support from Oyo in the rebuilding effort. Gaining the support of the people through propaganda and aid, the new government is able to quiet any opposition to itself by draining away its supporters through generous aid to those in need, weakening any argument the opposition may have against it. The Malian government, after being warned by the Oyo about French interference in the region, warns its own people to beware of the white man's lies, and to avoid contact with them, as they seek to divide and conquer them. Ever wary of European influence, the people acknowledge their government's warnings, and understanding the danger the Europeans pose to their nation, they remain on-guard against any influence from Europe.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire continues to expand its trade, and Roman trade ships travel across the world to gather wealth for the rest of Europe and the Empire. The production of leverlocks continues, and wheelocks continue to be seen as a feature of the upper class of nobility. More galleasses are constructed in the shipyards of Constantinople, and the shipyards of Athens and Thessalonica continue to be constructed. Regarding Cyprus, the Empire proposes that Cyprus remain its autonomy for some time, the king of Cyprus will continue to hold his throne as long as he show deference to the Roman Emperor, and the continuance of the current state of Spanish trade on the island. The Empire also offers to pay for the transfer of Spanish troops back home. (As we discussed in chat.) 
 * ​Albania: The nation decides to purchase a few leverlocks from the Romans and begin building a few itself after a few months of inspection and Roman designs.
 * Ragusa: The republic begins to construct a better shipyard as well as beginning to construct its own carros rather than rely on Venetian surplus or Roman models. Trade continues to pour wealth into the republic thanks to trade with India and the far east along with exports of native goods like silver, wax and timber.
 * Netherlands: William I of Netherlands and his Queen Charlotte have their first child, a boy named Christoffel. Christoffel is proclaimed the new heir and is granted the title of the Prince of Holland. Karl now 19 decides to try his luck in the Orient after years under the tutalage of old Mirza. Despite the protests of his brother and family. He is granted a sizable estate within the city of Batavia. Karl also makes an inquiary if he may spend time in the royal court of Bengal. The Kingdom continues to prosper as trade and banking provide a massive influx of capital. The stocks of the East India Company continue to develop more and more as trade with the orient evolves and solidifies. Military and naval expansion continue. Dutch shipwrights start exploring new ship designs that will allow for greater mobility and firepower. More of the Roman firearms are produced by Wallon gunsmithies. Some revisions are made to the current tactics used by the Royal Army mainly due to the oppprtunities provided by this new firearm which proves to be superior in firing capacity and cheaper to produce. The arts and sciences continue to flourish and develop as the courts and universities of the Netherlands fund them due to the large amounts capital avaliable to the nation. The bourgoeisie and aristocracy continue to grow as does their wealth. The luxurious life style of the Netherlands continues to evolve. Great mansions, town houses and public works are built, such as the Theatre of Brussels and the Arts building of the University of Amsterdam. The major cities continue to grow and the architectural style of the buildings continue to change. Influence over Sunda and the rest of the East Indies continue to grow as Batavia grows in importance within the region following the collapse of the Thai Empire. The first Dutch building is finished in Batavia becoming the headquarters of the East India Company in the Orient. Exploration and trading in the New World continue a settlement near the Amazon River is built. However, it is ultimately abandoned by the end of the Year due to inadequate supplies and the climate. Wallon culture and the French language continue to influence the development of the national identity as French remains just as important as Dutch within political and academic circles. The East Indias Company begins entering negotiations with the leaders of Sunda to grant the Dutch greater trading concessions and to allow Dutch troops to be stationed in Sunda (mod response, please). 
 * Mod Response: They accept.
 * Prussia: The Prussians begin to develop their military. The Prussians continue to build their new navy. Prussia continues to Germanize their ethnic minorities.
 * Courland: The Curonians also continue developing their military.
 * Estland: Ossel-Wiek also continues developing their military. Duke Franz continues to reshape the face of Arensburg.
 * Austria: This turn in both our nation and in all our vassals is dedicated to economy. We train and expand our military using new experience from recent wars, and grow our nation economically. In Morocco our position in Melilla is fortified. All fortifications around the region are rebuilt and manned by stationed guards in case of an attack. To protect Melilla the construction of a fortress outside the city is considered, although postponed for now. The port of Melilla is rebuilt to begin operation as a trade port and military outpost. Construction continues on a shipyard in the Melilla port to facilitate the construction and repair of friendly ships. Melilla is granted a permanent naval garrison in the city’s port, to respond to dangers in the area, and to support the small garrison on land which mans the fortifications. Our position in Morocco is fortified by re-inforcements, bringing Melilla operational against attacks. For now a small fleet is stationed in its harbor, while its garrison continues to hold the north and its supply lines, supporting our Christian brethren. With much of the Muslim population of Melilla left dead after the war against Morocco, the local government attempts to entice settlers by offering large quantities of land to Christian settlers. Many Europeans, particularly of German descent and/or from central Europe begin settling the area around Melilla. With finances from Augsburg-based banking establishments, the Trieste Company continues to launch expeditions to West Africa. Abrechtburg has grown to a decently sized settlement, supporting a population of farmers, traders, and a small garrison of soldiers. The town also houses a well furbished fort, armed with a small amount of cannons intended to defend the settlement and the harbor from any attack. Built out of necessity, the port at Abrechtburg is refurbished and expanded to support more trade ships, and allied countries are welcomed to trade and stay in the town. The second largest settlement in Westenland, Dominusburg, follows suit, finishing the construction of a port similar to Abrechtburg‘s. Trade posts continue to be built and exploited, now numbering several dozen along the coast of Westenland and into allied territory. Our reliance on the Wolof becomes less so, but we sign a trade agreement with their nation to continue our positive relationship. Deals are made with the Wolof for slaves and other goods. Conversion of the natives begin around the settlement. Several bimereiches and caravels begin construction in Trieste, Melilla, Corfu, and other ports,  to further facilitate and protect overseas trade. Trade is increased with the Grand Duchy of Bavaria and other trade partners, bringing about new avenues of trade and commerce. Expeditions to the New World continue to increase trade with Spanish possessions, establishing a trade route between Westenland and colonies in the Yucatan. Trade posts in the Caribbean are expanded and grow as they become more frequently visited.
 * Castile: The Colony of Buenos Aires expands by (15 px) up the coast and establishes a captaincy farther south (5 px). The Castilian populace reaches about 10.1 million and growing. The Kingdom itself begins to expand its armed forces to nearly 80,000 and sends more military ships to Monaco to protect it from any aggression. The Castilian forces begin training exercizes. The Navy also begins to make serious advances in technology and armed attack formations along with its pushes out into the wide seas. The Colony of Buenos Aires reaches a population of about 12,000 and growing with the more families and women showing up. Castilian exploration ships begin exploring south to check out farther down the coast and look for the southern edge of the continent. Charles of Castile who had gone to the New World becomes governor of the Buenos Aires Colony. With the revolt in Seville Queen Alexis sends in the most experienced troops from both Castile and Aragon to keep control. However, she also announces that while Charles may be her husband he is not the leading monarch of Castile and Aragon, and that she will continue to rule with dignity and respect as she was before. Along with this, the Queen dictates to her husband that they will rule their own personal realms separately and that Austria will have no true power over Castile, Aragon or any of their possessions due to the pride and high national spirits of their accomplishments. Along with this, the Queen also dictates to her husband that in the event of her death that one of their sons will ascend to the throne of Castile and not Charles - and the brother will ascend to the throne of Austria. Alexis writes up a treaty dictating the terms to her husband and requests it be signed publicly in Seville to solidify her stern stance on any true outside influences on Spain and prove to the people of Seville that Austria will not come to dominate or take over Castile and Aragon now collectively being known as Spain. A Ceremony is held for passed King Ferdinand, and his Leading heir bearing the same name honoring their lives once again. This is named a national holiday. Phillip is put into the Spanish Royal education system. With the Addition of the Incas into the Spanish Empire the combination of the Zapoteca, and Inca riches and their trade under Spain has left Spain the richest kingdom in the whole of Europe. However, inflation starts to become an issue. With this, however, the Queen Appoints a financial advisor which not only opens a a few banks across the country but smartly prevents the massive amounts of gold and silver from entering national circulation and puts it straight into the national treasury creating a program in which controlled amounts are released into the currency system. The First Castilian trade ships make landfall in the Philippines and set up a large trading post there
 * Kingdom of Aragon: With Castilian assistance various infrastructural areas are rebuilt and the military is expanded to a token force of 10,000. Along with this support the Aragonian economy recovers slowly with a slow but controlled influx of Castilian economic aid helping Aragon recover. The ruling magistrate over Aragon signs a landmark trade deal with Castile which allows for Aragon's usage of Castile's large amounts of trade posts down the coast of Africa. The Aragonians now in control of the Spanish South African trading company fund the creation of the expansion of the Trade outpost into a formal colony to be settled much like Morocco and Granada were by Castile. The Colony of Cape Ferdinand expands 10 px up the coast and expands the captaincy down the coast now covering the mouth of the Orange River on the coast (5 px). It's mostly populated by Castilians who are the main people moving to the colonies. Aragon's population continues to be culturally integrated with the next generation speaking primarily Spanish with Catalan being phased out by the newer generation. Aragon recognizes Alexis of Castile as their Queen.
 * Kingdom of Cyprus: Cyprus gaining large funds from being a Castilian trade hub, begins building a few ships domestically, and purchases ships from Castile, or her allies shipwrights forming a respectable Cypriot navy of almost 90 ships with expected expansion to come. This expansion has been achieved specifically thanks to huge amounts of outsourcing to private shipwrights. Cyprus begins to see an exodus of the Knights Hospitaller west to Castile and her territories and King Matthias begins a larger recruitment for the military managing to raise a force of nearly 10,000. This force is largely funded through the large trade Cyprus has gathered. The troops are styled after Castile's royal army and Cyprus embarks on an intense training program in order to bring them up to standards. The Knights, with many departing, also have many older and other knights stay due to their close ties with Cyprus. They remain to run the Knights Hospitaller in Cyprus for the foreseeable future while a large number have migrated across the sea. The Kingdom of Cyprus due to the recent issues in Castile reluctantly recognizes Carlos and his Regency for Prince Ferdinand. Cyprus itself with its fleet of nearly 100 ships begins to take after the Venetian example with trade and begins to put Cypriot merchant ships into state possession for trade in order to help with the kingdom's finances and heavy trade. This show immediate results as a relative increase in funding and attention to trade between Castile and her allies begins to improve the quality of trade. The Assassins Guild sets up in Cyprus looking to prevent issues in the kingdom with corruption and serving as their base into Muslim countries. The King of Cyprus on his deathbed declares that a vote by the nobles on whether to join Castile will be held and a public forum will be held on what the people think of this.
 * Kingdom of Morocco: The country begins the construction of various canals and cultivates trees farther inland to help increase arable farmland. The Moroccan economy continue to expand with greater trade coming from Castile and the Canaries all the way down to Capo Verde increasing the relative wealth. The Kingdom with many canals having been completed has vastly expanded its farmland among other things. Morocco's total population reaches one million with Christianity becoming dominant in the area. Calne-Vicuna is finished and is opened as a center for Christianity in North Africa with a library said to rival old Alexandria's. The Moroccan Assassins Guild forms and spreads keeping the peace and killing the corrupt as well as making Morocco much more peaceful for Castilian Rule. The Kingdom of Morocco officially enters into a personal union with Castile following the magistrates and princes deeming it unnecessary for the King to not have full control in the country. The Magistrates, however, are fully re-instated to continue as they were just under direction of the monarch of Castile.
 * Kongo: The Kingdom begins to work toward a trade and production economy focusing on helping provide resources for Castile's burgeoning West African trade network. The King of the Kongo converting to Christianity and being baptised begins to call for the expansion of ports to the best of the Kongolese architects' abilities. With the King also adopts the name John, in favor of the king who began these exploratory operations down the coast of Africa. The King also organized a band of Christian soldiers who help keep the peace who also begin to help with conversions to Christianity as a series of missionaries and high level priests from the Western Church have come on a ship hearing of many pagans and heretics to convert. The King makes multiple successful campaigns against various of the petty kings in Kongo killing two of them and leaving the third on the run. The Christianization of multiple areas is completed and multiple others are begun. The Kingdom of the Kongo in an attempt to increase economic output and trade begins to export a moderate amount of raw materials to Castile and begins to push toward heavy exploitation methods if possible.
 * Mapuche: With the defeat by the Spanish a royal governor is appointed by the Castilians. The governor immediately goes to work to prevent his workforce from being killed by disease and to prevent revolts and by immediately marching groups of about 1000 people to the colonial capital. These people are immediately transferred onto available ships and throughout the year are sent up the coast via Spanish ships to a location unknown to the Mapuche. The Mapuche also continue to see major issues from European contact are given orders to isolate themselves if they are sick to prevent further expansion of the disease. The governor also manages to gain a force of about 200 as a garrison. The Mapuche people begin to see the first mixed children between Spanish and Mapuche people. The Spanish institute the Ecomienda system. However, the Spanish governor, in order to keep control of the people, orders the Spanish heads of the system to treat the natives fairly in order to prevent mass deaths from overworking and resentment. Spanish farming techniques have definitely prevented starvation as the Mapuche continue to expand toward the coast building a road to connect it all. The Spanish governor, also using the local Mapuche as scouts, is able to expand much more than the Buenos Aires colony and uses this to his advantage to secure more land to be able to turn over to Spanish settlers. The Royal Governor expands the territory by 1000 sq km
 * Lombardy: Work continues on the Certosa di Pavia, the Castle Visconteo, and on the extensive Milan Cathedral. We continue training a proper standing army, utilizing Swiss mercenaries and local recruits. With border disputes now settled between the nations of Austria and Switzerland, we continue opening friendly relations with both nations in hopes of repairing our diplomatic relations and protecting our northern border. We continue constructing cogs and galleys to strengthen our navy and protect our interests on the seas. Our turn is dedicated to economy in both our nation and our vassals. Wallis is declared a vassal of our nation, and we continue influencing them.
 * Novgorod: We continue the production of ships, cannons, muskets, advanced crossbows, swords, and composite bows, increasing our military capabilities in case of war. The nation’s training and advancement of military continues. The recent classes of Koch ships are being manufactured in Novgorod. The town of St Patriksburg’s population grows a bit more that last year. As the construction of the town improves, the Kremlin finishes, trade becoming more in demand, the town gains slightly. Because of the trade road built with Tver our economy increases. After seeing a great success with the private schools in the cities of Novgorod, St Patriksburg, Staraya Russa, and Nizhny Novgorod. We start building another private school in Rostov and Yaroslavl. We complete building private schools in Torzhok and a private school in Staraya Ladoga. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Tver: We complete the construction of the private school in Tver and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Yaroslavl, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Yaroslavl: We complete the construction of the private school in Yaroslavl and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Rostov: We completed the construction of the private school in Rostov and start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Yaroslavl, Muscovy. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Karelia: We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to economy. As fur traders and hunters begin to move into Karelia, the border is expanded 3000 square miles directly to the north. We are pleased that peaceful terms have been met between us and Scandinavia, and we hope to improve relations in the future.
 * Dai Viet: This turn is officially dedicated to military expansion. The nation of Dai Viet begins expanding its military to protect the nation against any foreign attack. The government begins an active role in equipping some units, using its funds to ensure that the entirety of the militia is equipped with pikes and swords. Crossbows also begin to be used in select units, which are trained to be most effective during cavalry charges and to provide support for our infantry. Government forces are called and put to the test securing our southern border, garrisoning in recently acquired territory. Alongside expanding ground forces, the government also sees to need to expand naval forces, a process that began several decades ago. Small ships capable of longer journeys are constructed in major port cities, and cities in the south along the coast are expanded to facilitate naval activity on par with our northern cities. Trade ships are attracted to our major ports from nearby nations. Facilities are upgraded to better facilitate trade. With several dozen small trade ships and warships under the command of the government vassals, and several ships under its personal command, the government orders a series of operations in the east waters of the nation, hoping to root out pirates and protect trade routes. As a test of our navy, our largest warships, equipped with cannons and other weapons, make several expeditions around the Biển Đông (South China Sea). Several more trade posts are established in the Philippines. We also make several expeditions to the Riau Islands, where we come into contact with the Orang laut people. Settlements on the Riau Islands grow as more people begin to settle them.
 * Rumania: Stephen, now 41, continues to work on improving the economy; Iron, salt and coal mines dot the landscape. Coal is produced for metalworking and heating. These mines provide the resources required by the foundries and traders on the coast. The growing mines require more processing facilities, which spur more development along the coast. More large shipyards open and the lumber industry continues to expand. Leverlock muskets continue to become a major export and required resources drive a booming mining industry. The Danube becomes a highway of commerce, hundreds of barges travel up and down its length transporting people, materials, goods, and ideas. The spread of better sanitation systems, first introduced to Constanta by the Romans, causes a slow increase in the average lifespan. As much as 9% of the nation has reached basic literacy, and the Moralists promote education of commoners by priests, in order to give everyone the opportunity to read the bible. Education among the elite is becoming almost mandatory. Constantius, now 17 and his brother Radu, now 16, continue their education in matters of state and policy.
 * The Consulate of Bulgaria: The economy continues to grow. The printing press spreads south into Bulgaria just as in Rumania. Ties with Rumania are strengthened; hundreds of Romanians move into the country, seeking cheap and productive land, and inter-marriage becomes very common. Bulgarians also begin to migrating to trade towns in Romania to seek more economic opportunities. Bulgarian populations in Rumania now represent a large minority, and the same can be said about Romanians in Bulgaria. Ethnic tensions are uncommon in both nations as multi-ethnic communities existed before the large migrations. By now the ethnic make-up of the region is 18% Romanian, 77% Bulgarian, and 5% other minorities including Greek, Serbian, German, Turkic and Hungarian.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 1000 sq km each settlement. The colonies continue growing as expected. The navy begins a huge update in order to establish a stronger control over over seas territories such as the colonies and to have further control over Africa. while this the king seeks for the French influence to grow in unexpected territories. sending a group of diplomats and explorers into Mali/Songhai (whoever is there) in order to create an ally in the region and attempting to establish a relationship (vassalage or protectorate) exploiting the hatred seems to be in the region against the Oyo empire (Vassalage Turn 4 out of +/- 20)using the seemingly continuous aggresions of the oyo over the songhai, the king of france offers to give them weaponry to defend themselves and help in taking oyo's threat if needed.
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy are built up.
 * Sardinia: Military and economy are built up.
 * Basel: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aargau: Military and economy are built up. The French presence begins to be felt. However, the attempts to establish a pro-Germanic government in order to avoid eventual uprisings, internal vassalization begins as well to fully convince German leadership.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up.
 * Trier: Military and economy are built up.
 * Julich: Military and economy are built up.
 * Zweibrucken: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aurienne: The kingdom begins establishing its control over the regions sending a dozen of "diplomats" into Europe to establish more active relations with the French and their allies. Military and economy are built up. The nation expands both west and east toward the colonies of the French. Some locals begin dying from smallpox and other known European diseases.
 * Guaxirenne: The country expands southward and military and economy are built up
 * Copy-post for Sine ~Edge.
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Bavaria expands its economy. The population continues to rise. Grand Duchess Franz-Albert and his council continues to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with twenty-five very large cogs being finished. We begin using an established trade route, with important stops in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany, due to a longstanding trade deal. Continuing in 1516, Franz-Albert commissions six cogs to sail around western Mediterranean coasts. The market center in Landshut continues to attract Bavarian and Venetian traders. In religious news, around 76% of the country adheres to the Western Church. Most adherents live around Munchen and Landshut. In other news, Bavaria continues implementing the Alliance and Merchant Act as well as the Militia and Navy Act. The Bavarian Court continues hosting a largely Venetian composition. However, many Bavarian families have intermingled with the Venetians, creating a distinct social class and gentry. In national news, the common courts continue to be implemented around Bavaria as several of the lower class make use it of. The serf laws begin to be used as well. Skeptics who theorized that the serf laws would mark no profound change in society begin to be proven wrong. In 1516, as many as two hundred serfs sue for their freedom. Franz-Albert begins to ponder a law that would fully abolish serfdom, seeing how it has more or less deteriorated in Bavaria. The wild unpopularity of these laws begin to wear off as well. Franz-Albert further incorporates the Collegiate Writs, allowing many more lower class men to enter college. In legal news, Franz-Albert continues implementing the Bavarian Commands. The war with Hesse has been ended, with Bavaria annexing a small section of Bremen to use as a port.
 * Munchen: By 1516, the total class of Queen Isabell University amounts to about 4500 men. Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. The Collegiate Writs begin to draw more men to college.
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Wurzburg: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. A religious change begins occurring in Wurzburg upon the ascension of Franz-Albert, where many more Western Christians begin inhabiting the bishopric. The clergy begins being alarmed and they fear displacement. An envoy dispatched by Franz-Albert attempts to quell their fears.
 * Thuringia: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert and Count Regent Vittorio continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Countess Elisabeth normalizes taxes in an effort to subset any rebellion.
 * Saxony: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert and Count Regent Vittorio continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Countess Elisabeth normalizes taxes in an effort to subset any rebellion.

1517
'''After several years of war all Madasikara influence has been removed from Great Zimbabwe. Gathering more support they begin a campaign in the Madasikara coastal cities to the east of their nation. Propped up by the Zimbabwe nation, the coastal cities declare independence and form centralized governments, creating the independent nations of Sofala and Maputo. (Undoubled scores for all three: Military: 10, Economy: 5, Infrastructure: 5.)'''

'''A mysterious sickness breaks out in England, nicknamed Sweating Sickness, which kills several people in urban areas. The disease is noted for a dramatic and sudden onset of symptoms, with death often occurring within hours.  Sorry I meant the Savanna area'''
 * Portugal: Continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Lenhame. By this time, the colony in Lenhame starts to export wheat to Portugal. Meanwhile, trade intensifies in the African coast. The Açores continue to be settled. Meanwhile, the naus continue to be used. Naval explorations directed to the west continue, after news that new lands may have been found there. Meanwhile, Santa Cruz expands north by 1000 sq km. Meanwhile, pau-brasil (brazilwood) starts to be extracted in the colony. Meanwhile, sugarcane, that was already present in the Açores, begins to be planted in Santa Cruz. Meanwhile, the colony of São Sebastião expands 1000 sq km. Meanwhile, Infante Manuel, grandson of Urraca, marries Teresa de Leiva, daughter of the Cristóvão de Leiva, Lord of Atanhol.
 * Aztec Empire: With the disease fully gone with the assistance of the Spanish, we decide ... the Emperor is assassinated! Emperor Tezcacoatl I was killed by his younger brother, Prince Quatzecoatl II. The Prince names himself Emperor! The people are in the midst of civil strife. As Emperor Cuauhtemoc II now he calls himself, takes the throne, he begins to unite the Empire, by using the military which numbers at 63,000. The population falls from 3 million to 2.2 million, with citizens loyal to Tezcacoatl being beaten, raped and slaughtered. Christian temples are burned. The nation turns to a new religion. We target Zapotec peoples and their allies, in this case mainly the Spanish, and any other cowardice allies they have. Gold trade is cut to Yucatan. Insurgents and blasphmers are sent into Zapotec lands, and begin to request the people revolt against their future enslavers. The people show extreme resistance, killing many insurgents. Aztecs are able to make a foothold in Zapotec lands, concentrating in the northern areas. Emperor Cuauhtemoc II promotes much advancement in the military. As the thinly fading fleet of 400 ships, devastate the Zapotec Pacific Coast. Dominating the beach head. We begin to request trading with France. We request guns and firearms and weaponry and military assistance, from France and Roman Empire,  as we invade the Zapotec. We declare war on the Zapotec (obviously).  
 *  ​ Nations don't just spontaneously convert to a religion in one year. And if I'm not mistaken, Rome is Christian. Such a conversion would provoke a conflict with Rome, who you claim is supplying your nation with weapons that are far out of your reach.
 * Okay, I fixed it :)
 * Spanish Dip: Due to this unjust declaration of war we declare war on the Aztecs and declare their destruction and conversion "The will of God"
 * Zapotecan Dip: The Emperor is outraged and calls his armies into battle.
 * The Kingdoms of Great Albion (Scotland and England) - member nation of the UKGA: Many ships are modernized and replaced to keep the Royal Albion Navy a powerful force on the high seas. Port Edmundburg continues to experience a growth in population. Albionic settlers continue to explore the surrounding areas. The dialect of English originally found in Scotland and the Eire grows so large that it covers most of the North of England. This new dialect is called Bythigish (portmanteau of Brython and English). English nobles begin to enjoy the Celtic myths of Eire and Scotland. The Templar Order continues to undercut the King's enemies and seeks ways to privately grow the power of the King and Albion as a whole. The Order buys up many smaller businesses and collectivizes some farms. The Order begins to expand into other areas of Europe, seeking to grow understanding as well as pushing Albionic ideals. Albion continues to explore farther west and south. A clockmaker from Cambridge becomes popular for his accurate timepieces and the exquisite wood housing. He creates a chime for the St Mary's Cathedral, the chimes are called the Cambridge Chimes (OTL Westminster Quarters aka Big Ben's chime). The Chimes become so popular, other clock-makers incorporate the chimes into their clocks. The Crown Dominion of Hamburg does well this year, as an influx of trade begins to repair the wounds of several wars. The English Renaissance is born when several painters in London show off some impressive works. Trade with the Mughal Empire begins to boom. The "Sweating Sickness" is observed by medical doctors and is watched closely, though no real fear of the disease is present.
 * Calais: Military and navy are expanded.
 * Dublin: Dublin undergoes another remodel and expansion to the ports due to the massive influx of trade from Castile and Venice as well as an increased Eire trade.
 * Scotland: Expands navy and military. Pan Albion sentiments grow, Trade increases. Whiskey is traded down to central Albion.
 * Wales: Wales expands its military and navy. Cardiff becomes a large centre of trade for Wales. The Welsh appoint Adam Cyrdger as Royal Minister. The first sessions of parliament are held. Wales does not see as large a population boom as Albion or Scotland, but a minor one, centered around Cardiff and Swansea, does occur.
 * Port Edmundburg expands by 1000 sq km east. The African colonists begin looking toward mining and other ventures to generate profit.
 * New Cambridgeshire: New Cambridgeshire expands by 1000 sq km west. Colonists begin to explore around the region and begin to have a large fishing boom. The Port of New Rotham is expanded to handle excess ships from Albion and other European nations and is renamed by popular vote as New Oxford. The people of New Oxford also begin an attempt to gain knowledge of farming in Borealia from Native Peoples.
 * Vorlayacor:  Scholars conduct extensive research on naval knowledge, and many Vorlayacorans gain experience on the seas working on the Roman trade route.  The first experimental cargo ships are completed this year, though they have a relatively short range.  Our borders expand three pixels in both directions along the coast. The road system expands with them, allowing more opportunities for trade.  Some Mapuche begin to convert to Christianity, but they are ostracized as "Spainbanes" by society.
 * Hey! Heads up in order to prevent issues between claims between our respective nations. Mind keeping an eye on your expansion? Mine's been stopped just south of you for a while but I don't want you expanding into the colony and then complaining when it's not recognized due to my colony being there. -Feud
 * You're my boss, so agreed.  Am I still allowed to expand in the opposite direction?
 * Yes, not a problem. I just didn't want you wasting expansion into already existing settlements which would hinder/hurt you. i would be pissed if I weren't warned so i was just giving you a heads up so that doesn't happen. -Feud
 * Castile:  The Colony of Buenos Aires expands by (10 px) up the coast and establishes a captaincy farther south (10 px). The Castilian populace reaches about 10.1 million and growing. The Kingdom itself begins to expand its armed forces to nearly 80,000 and sends more military ships to Monaco to protect it from any aggression. The Castilian forces begin training exercizes. The Navy also begins to make serious advances in technology and armed attack formations along with its pushes out into the wide seas. The Colony of Buenos Aires reaches a population of about 12,000 and growing with the more families and women showing up. Castilian exploration ships begin exploring south to check out farther down the coast and look for the southern edge of the continent. Charles of Castile who had gone to the New World becomes governor of the Buenos Aires Colony. The Castilians declare war on the Aztecs and bring along their multiple allies helping them if needed. Castile officially accepts the transfer of Cyprus to Rome for allowed access for trade in the islands ports, Roman payment of the troops way home, and the signing of an alliance between Castile and Rome. Castile unwilling to let Aztec aggression go unanswered spends directly from the Treasury sending nearly 5000 troops in order to show the Natives the power of the Spanish Empire. and directly recruits another 10,000 natives from Zapotec, Maya and tribal opportunists in order to march against the Aztecs. The arrival of a Spanish fleet devastates the Aztec fleet and fights in Zapotecs northern areas marching is large army to fight the Aztecs directly bringing horses and other weapons the Aztecs will not have encountered before. 10,000 troops are sent to Venezia
 * I don't have any ships in the Atlantic. So did you sail all the way around South America?
 * I'm on either side with ships. -Feud
 * Kingdom of Aragon:  With Castilian assistance various infrastructural areas are rebuilt and the military is expanded to a token force of 10,000. Along with this support the Aragonian economy recovers slowly with a slow but controlled influx of Castilian economic aid helping Aragon recover. The ruling magistrate over Aragon signs a landmark trade deal with Castile which allows for Aragon's usage of Castile's large amounts of trade posts down the coast of Africa. The Aragonians now in control of the Spanish South African trading company fund the creation of the expansion of the Trade outpost into a formal colony to be settled much like Morocco and Granada were by Castile. The Colony of Cape Ferdinand expands 10 px up the coast and expands the captaincy down the coast now covering the mouth of the Orange River on the coast (5 px). It's mostly populated by Castilians who are the main people moving to the colonies. Aragons population finally becomes majority Spanish speaking after nearly two new generations have been raised speaking it. The Aragonians along with their Castilian allies declare war on the Aztecs providing nearly 500 troops.
 * Kingdom of Cyprus:  Cyprus officially transfers from Spanish Authority to Roman Authority
 * Kingdom of Morocco:  The country begins the construction of various canals and cultivates trees farther inland to help increase arable farmland. The Moroccan economy continue to expand with greater trade coming from Castile and the Canaries all the way down to Capo Verde increasing the relative wealth. The Kingdom with many canals having been completed has vastly expanded its farmland among other things. Morocco's total population reaches one million with Christianity becoming dominant in the area. Calne-Vicuna is finished and is opened as a center for Christianity in North Africa with a library said to rival old Alexandria's. The Moroccan Assassins Guild forms and spreads keeping the peace and killing the corrupt as well as making Morocco much more peaceful for Castilian Rule. The Kingdom of Morocco officially enters into a personal union with Castile following the magistrates and princes deeming it unnecessary for the King to not have full control in the country. The Magistrates, however, are fully re-instated to continue as they were just under direction of the monarch of Castile. The Magistrates in order to show their loyalty to their Queen and in order to be given a higher standing within the Spanish empire declare war on the Aztecs and provide troops numbering 1000 to the Spanish war.
 * Kongo:  The Kingdom begins to work toward a trade and production economy focusing on helping provide resources for Castile's burgeoning West African trade network. The King of the Kongo converting to Christianity and being baptised begins to call for the expansion of ports to the best of the Kongolese architects' abilities. With the King also adopts the name John, in favor of the king who began these exploratory operations down the coast of Africa. The King also organized a band of Christian soldiers who help keep the peace and also begin to help with conversions to Christianity as a series of missionaries and high level priests from the Western Church have come on a ship hearing of many pagans and heretics to convert. The King makes multiple successful campaigns against various of the petty kings in Kongo killing two of them and leaving the third on the run. The Christianization of multiple areas is completed and multiple others are begun. The Kingdom of the Kongo in an attempt to increase economic output and trade begins to export a moderate amount of raw materials to Castile and begins to push toward heavy exploitation methods if possible.
 * Mapuche:  With the defeat by the Spanish a royal governor is appointed by the Castilians. The governor immediately goes to work to prevent his workforce from being killed by disease and to prevent revolts and by immediately marching groups of about 1000 people to the colonial capital. These people are immediately transferred onto available ships and throughout the year are sent up the coast via Spanish ships to a location unknown to the Mapuche. The Mapuche also continue to see major issues from European contact are given orders to isolate themselves if they are sick to prevent further expansion of the disease. The governor also manages to gain a force of about 200 as a garrison. The Mapuche people begin to see the first mixed children between Spanish and Mapuche people. The Spanish institute the Ecomienda system. However, the Spanish governor, in order to keep control of the people, orders the Spanish heads of the system to treat the natives fairly in order to prevent mass deaths from overworking and resentment. Spanish farming techniques have definitely prevented starvation as the Mapuche continue to expand toward the coast building a road to connect it all. The Spanish governor, also using the local Mapuche as scouts, is able to expand much more than the Buenos Aires colony and uses this to his advantage to secure more land to be able to turn over to Spanish settlers. The Royal Governor expands the territory by 1000 sq km
 * Maya: With the outright collapse of the Mayan government complete the Spanish institute a royal governor who assumes command of the troops. The Mayan armed forces have been all but wiped out and the Spanish along with their native auxiliaries begin the absolute wipe out of their armed forces and securing of multiple cities and settlements. Many of the villages are left completely ransacked. However, an insightful priest says that destroying the cities will result in long term resentment that could never be repaired and instead they should be made Spanish-Maya hybrid. The new Royal Governor seeing wisdom in this declares that the cities will not be ransacked and a moderate tribute of gold and silver is demanded by the Spanish. The 2000 troops remain in the Country and begin to establish areas along the coast suitable for Spanish settlement. The military and economy of the Maya under Spain is developed and roads are upgraded to Spanish standards. An expected expansion program is to be undertaken in the next few years. The Mayans provice 20,000 troops to the Spanish war against the Aztecs.
 * Kingdom of Venezia: (forgot MS handed me Venice following the war.) With the establishment of the Kingdom of Venezia following the previous war and with the loss of a large portion of the fleet the Venezian people seem to believe that much can be rebuilt through utilization of the dynamically rising Spanish empire for its own benefit. The businessmen and high level economists, bankers and multiple other fully knowledgeable individuals of Venezia remaining after the war go on a trip to Spain's vibrant trade cities and after careful negotiations many of these men take over one of Spain's newest rising trade companies, the Buenos Aires trade company, with some offices based out of the Buenos Aires colony in Hesperia. The Venezians, unable to select a king from their remaining nobles, delegate to the Queen of Spain (Castile and Aragon) who chooses a man named Antonio Lo Grato to rule as Prince of Venice in place of the Queen of Spain. A well acclaimed and respected man, he immediately enacts reforms. The Venezian economy with access to the Spanish economy begins to recover and for the first time in years due to this. The Venezians begins its long road to naval recovery and begins to use its vast knowledge to begin building ships not only for itself but acquires the blueprints to improve on Spanish ships to allow for sale back to the Queen. The Venezian military is also raised to a token force of about 10,000 due to its location but remains lightly armed and unable to project power or fight any unsupported offensives. The Prince of Venezia, Antonio, begins the drift toward Spanish culture in an attempt to assimilate to a much more favorable nation than Austria, or the Kingdom of Italy.
 * |onte continues to have a large surplus of grain. Though adopting "western farming", the idea of "the tribe" is still very much so alive, as people always share the crops they have grown, or the animals they have hunted amongst the community. Due to the policy of planting tree groves, desert reclaimation has started taking effect in some parts of |onte. Throughout the year, Mon's children go elephant hunting, though it is very dangerous, as they are hunting them with arquebuses, and the whole process requires much co-ordination. However, the results are said to be spectacular, as the tribe gains new wealth in the collected ivory, and the elephant meat is considered a rarity. The season resulted in  elephants being killed, an increase due to the recently build elephant pen. |onte is becoming very rich with money made from elephant hunting, as they have nothing to spend the money on. Ma-n!o continues to police his "Rikisi-ate", hunting down the remaining native men. Niko sends coconuts to |onte at a cheap price. Mon II begins teaching children in the vicinity of the Kunene how to read, causing great interest amongst children of these strange characters, that give them a new form to play. Most of the recent generation can read, however, only a few can write. Mon II continues the project that will be his life's work: the Kunene library. Debarubo consolidates recently acquired territory. |onte's population rises to over 12,000. There is a population centre that is beginning to appear around the mouth of the Kunene, and is simply referred to as Kunene. Mon III declares himself Rikisi of |onte. This causes for an official break between Ma-n!o and Mon III, as they both have claimed a Rikisi-ate to different territories. Mon III signs a treaty with his uncle stating that Niko, offering |onte's protection,a guarantee of stability, and mutual amicability. (Niko is to be treated as an independant city-state, therefore should be on the map as grey).
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 1000 sq km each settlement. The colonies continue growing as expected. The navy begins a huge update in order to establish a stronger control over over seas territories such as the colonies and to have further control over Africa. while this the king seeks for the French influence to grow in unexpected territories. sending a group of diplomats and explorers into Mali/Songhai (whoever is there) in order to create an ally in the region and attempting to establish a relationship (vassalage or protectorate) exploiting the hatred seems to be in the region against the Oyo empire (Vassalage Turn 6 out of +/- 20)using the seemingly continuous aggresions of the oyo over the songhai, the king of france offers to give them weaponry to defend themselves and help in taking oyo's threat if needed.a few fleets travel south
 * Dude, I conquered Songhai like two turns ago. It's gone. I incorporated it into Mali. ~Viva
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy are built up.
 * Sardinia: Military and economy are built up.
 * Basel: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aargau: Military and economy are built up. The French presence begins to be felt. However, the attempts to establish a pro-Germanic government in order to avoid eventual uprisings, internal vassalization begins as well to fully convince German leadership.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up.
 * Trier: Military and economy are built up.
 * Julich: Military and economy are built up.
 * Zweibrucken: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aurienne: Military and economy are built up. The nation expands both west and east toward the colonies of the French.
 * Guaxirenne: the country expands southward and military and economy are built up
 * Hesse: The people of Hesse begin turning to cultural pursuits, under the leadership of Phillip I. He encourages cultural growth, and says to abandon the militaristic ways under Eva and many of the rulers before her. The title of 'Regent' becomes hated throughout the Grand Duchy, as the two regents in recent memory (Heinrich III and Eva I) were both tyrannical rulers. They also both got into a war that Hesse loss majorly in. Claus Weniger's son, Franz Weniger, invents the violin. (Feud approved this). However, the instrument is called a 'Saiteninstrument'. It quickly grows in popularity in Hesse. Many new songs are made with this instrument. A paricular song, 'Segnen Hessen für immer', becomes highly popular. We offer Rome an alliance.
 * County of Oldenburg: Many Oldenburger fishermen follow in the wake of the OHG's whaling and sealing expeditions off the coasts of Greenland and Neu Norderney, fishing the virgin seas. Many fishermen and their families (like, about fifteen families) settle in Neu Bremen (that formerly Hessian colony on the southern tip of Greenland). A one-ship exploratory expedition of Adelheid Sea (Hudson Bay) maps the bay's shores up to the otl Albany River, which they name the Dreisam, after their ship. Investigating the shore, they notice an abundance of game, such as beavers and other nice furry animals. They return to Oldenburg and tell the OHG's board of directors about the plethora of fur to be got from the area. The Board agrees to send a further exploratory mission in a few years' time, but will keep the information absolutely secret until then.
 * Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: The City Church of Saint Andrew the Apostle is officially opened!!! The prince-Bishop celebrates mass in it for the first time and consecrates the building. All the notables of Oldenburg and Osnabruck are there, and all of them marvel at the beauty of the building. Attendance at the actual Cathedral slips significantly as many people go to Saint Andrew's for their weekly mass. Many pilgrims visit as well to venerate the holy relics of Saint Andrew, kindly given to us by our Albionic friends.
 * Albionic Dip: The Archbishop of Soctland arrives after several months of delays to witness the glory of this new house of God and is very pleased with what he saw.
 * Natigosteg L'nu: The Kangiqsualuk Company continues leading colonization of Ilua Bay. Ungava expands 1000 km south along the coast, while Aksmiki expands a further 1000 km to occupy the whole of the island.  These colonies become trading focuses for nearby native populations, increasing fur and ivory output. Meanwhile, the nation expands 1000 km west, inland. The Naskapi are resettled throughout the nation, although many are forcibly conscripted into the military. This begins to replenish the population. The construction of ocean going ships continues, and is expected to take three more years.
 * Safavid Empire: We build up our military and navy. Port cities are being rebuilt. More ships are being made for our navy. Our own version of guns are being made. Farming is becoming one of the most important industries, besides blacksmithy, trading and fishing. Guns are now mass produced in our country. We continue to make more woodblock printing presses for our libraries. Prototype cannons at three feet long are continuing to be made. A trade route from our home country to Oirat is mapped out. People are now trading with each other on this trade route. Foreign exchange banks are becoming popular in our country due to the ETA (Eurasian Trade Agreement). Trade has increased due to the ETA. A new art form is continuing to be drawn. It is a mix of Safavid, Oirat and Mughal art. Our art is continuing to be popular with all of the nation around us. We continue to vassel Khanate of Khiva by bringing in troops and Islamic leaders to influence them in our way. Trade goes well with the Dutch merchants. All slaves that come from the Oyo nation are continuing to be converted to Shiite Islam. We continue to trade with the Roman Empire. The group that was sent to Caliphate of Mecca start to trade with them. Trade routes to Caliphate of Mecca are beining to be drawn on maps.
 * The Great Liao Empire: Cement and iron increase in production. We develop the economy and trade by ETA. As we increase in population, we slowly target our expansion northward. We continue to develop our firearms. We begin building up our military and create even tougher practices. We expand our settlement at North Baikal Lake. We begin sending our soldiers next to the Baikal Jurchens. We continue building up on our border against the Baikal Jurchens and we build forts. We ramp up our military. We build more cannons (siege equipment). We get out military back from Mughal and launch an offensive on China with Mughal forces. 100,000 Liao soldiers attack China with more recruited at the minute. We recruit another 50,000 soldiers, with the supplies and money from the monetary gains of ETA.
 * Yakutsk: We expand by 500 sq km and trade with indigeneous people.
 * Gorutsk: We expand by 500 sq km and trade with indigeneous people.
 * Liao D: We ask for trade relationships with European nations.
 * Liao D to Tartary and Safavid: We ask our dear allies to give us support for our future conquest of the Baikal Jurchens. 
 * Yemen: 15,000 our brave warriors occupy Mecca, and claim that a great prophet has instructed us to do so. The prophet is very secretive, and only speaks when Allah tells him to. This is followed by a massive increase in the armed forces, and we begin planning to conquer other kingdoms. Believing war to soon be imminent, we prepare for an invasion. The prophet, however, tells that messages be sent far and wide, stating that it is Allah's will that Mecca be part of Yemen, so that it may survive from the Christians that will one day destroy it. Many are horrifed, and demand to know when this will happen, but that only says "All things must end."
 * Tawatinsuyu: 64% precent of thepopulation is infected or dead. With ~1,000,000 left within the empire, The Sapa Inca begins to revive medical work from before in hopes of finding a cure. Military is improved with aid from Spain.  As thanks for all that the Spanish have done recently, the Sapa Inca decares the city where the Spanish landed the City of Peru (OTL Lima) and declare it one of our "golden cities". Outraged by this, some extreme purist groups lash out the Inca Military who are on quarintine in Peru, Cuzco, and Chan Chan.
 * In Italy, peasants ask if the king they could voyage out to the New World to seek another future there. After a long meeting with the Pope, the king agrees but the peasants must by occmpainied by 700 men and 80 soldiers. The peasants are overjoyed, and leave for the New World with government officials, explorers, and knights. The five ships leave on October 6th, and arrive on November 30th. The King severely wanted a report of the area, as they encountered a bunch of small islands next to each other not that far from another landmass. The King decided to call this area the Banche Esterno, a colony in the modern day Outer Banks (all of the outer banks need to be shaded) . The King is happy with the settlers and their new lives as more peasants are asking to go to Banche Esterno.
 * Prussia: The Prussians begin to develop their military. The Prussians continue to build their new navy. Prussia continues to Germanize their ethnic minorities.
 * Courland: The Curonians also continue developing their military.
 * Estland: Ossel-Wiek also continues developing their military. Duke Franz continues to reshape the face of Arensburg.
 * Fusahito Theocracy: The development of the Manchurian colony is continued, with large warehouses built near the docks to deal with cargo unloaded from Japanese vessels. However, Theocratic forces find problems in subduing the native population, with many raids occuring against trade caravans travelling in to the Manchu Empire and against newly settled agricultural areas that have deprived the natives of their traditional nomadic pastures. However, rather than appease the native population, the Emperor denounces attacks against unarmed settlers and traders as cowardly and an offense to the natural order of Japanese superiority. In response, troops are sent to accompany trade caravans leaving the port of Tairikuku and plans are made to build a series of outposts to tie together the new territory. In the meantime, the Emperor continues to provide financial and economic support to the Hosokawa Clan and the Japanese islands to the North which have thrown off the yoke of Chinese dominance. These measures continue to draw these Japanese patriots closer to the Theocracy. (Year Ten of Sixteen). Japanese armed forces continue to fight in Korea. Meanwhile, the Emperor asks the Daimyo of the Uesugi clan for a marriage between his adopted son and the Daimyo's daughter. Mod response please.
 * Hungary is back for now and all its vassals and puppets and states in personal union work on expanding their armed forces. There is an increase in trading between them all, along with increased trading with Moscovy and thus allows economic growth. Road construction also continues as for greater trade, better infrastructure is needed. Hungary also focuses highly on building better naval ships and upgrading old ships as well as putting many obsolete ships into retirement. Hungary demobilised many men after training them in a bid to make sure everything remains stable along with provide the men to work the field and harvest the grain once it has grown. This allows harvest levels to reach new highs as better practices have lead to increased yields. With Rome now allowing Hungary to use its ports at various locations, the large fleet can finally be brought into harbour at various points along the coast. Sigismund begins to sell the large number of ships acquired to various powers, although in moderate numbers, allowing Hungary to gain a wide amount of money and other types of trading deals. He hopes he can lease the former Venetian port in Eire along with hopefully gain easy access to Rumanian ports which will help to increase trading with the Tartary. Sigismund continues his plans to have more ships which are worthy of long distance travels. The shipyards continue to tear apart multiple ships and use their wood to create new and renovated ships. Dereglyes are a high priority, along with the construction of carracks. Yet it is easier to build caravels for the dockyards, and many do build them at a good speed. Sigismund allocates more supplies and funds for the Dereglyes, and they set off to explore the coast of Africa and discover for themselves the various nations talked about by other European powers. Hungary continues to offer Rome monetary support.
 * Grand Duchy of Hamburg: Friedrich Is brother, Heinrich, Count of Holstein for four years, dies. His title passes to his son, Otto, though the County of Holstein remains under Albions control. While Hamburg request Oldenburg to use Neu Bremen as a launching point point for an expedition to the new lands, the HTSC sends its own, using the well-established facilities at Neue Lüneburg.
 * Magdeburg: military and economy expands.
 * Bremen: military and economy expands.
 * Bruchhausen: military and economy expands.
 * Williamsburg: trade increases.
 * Neue Lüneburg: trade increases.
 * Lombardy: Work continues on the Certosa di Pavia, the Castle Visconteo, and on the extensive Milan Cathedral. We continue training a proper standing army, utilizing Swiss mercenaries and local recruits. With border disputes now settled between the nations of Austria and Switzerland, we continue opening friendly relations with both nations in hopes of repairing our diplomatic relations and protecting our northern border. We continue constructing cogs and galleys to strengthen our navy and protect our interests on the seas. Our turn is dedicated to military in both our nation and our vassals. Wallis is declared a vassal of our nation, and we continue influencing them.
 * Novgorod: We continue the production of ships, cannons, muskets, advanced crossbows, swords, and composite bows, increasing our military capabilities in case of war. The nation’s training and advancement of military continues. The recent classes of Koch ships are being manufactured in Novgorod. The town of St Patriksburg’s population grows a bit more that last year. As the construction of the town improves, the Kremlin finishes, trade becoming more in demand, the town gains slightly. Because of the trade road built with Tver our economy increases. After seeing a great success with the private schools in the cities of Novgorod, St Patriksburg, Staraya Russa, and Nizhny Novgorod. We start building another private school in Rostov and Yaroslavl. We complete building private schools in Torzhok and a private school in Staraya Ladoga. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Tver: We complete the construction of the private school in Tver and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Yaroslavl, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Yaroslavl: We complete the construction of the private school in Yaroslavl and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Rostov: We completed the construction of the private school in Rostov and start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Yaroslavl, Muscovy. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Karelia: We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to military. As fur traders and hunters begin to move into Karelia, the land becomes more settled. We are pleased that peaceful terms have been met between us and Scandinavia, and we hope to improve relations in the future.
 * In the Tartary, the population grows. The French delegation is received. The news of a New World and the proof of the Aureannic existence through its delegation intrigue Alexander Khan, and he begins to wonder whether these lands can be reached by land through the East. He requests some Aureannics stay behind in the Tartary to be studied in Court, and for the French to bring more of them to begin a small colony of them in the area. The economy continues to grow, with cities growing and the population doing so as well. Traders and production in the region begin booming. Minerals are discovered around the Urals, to the east of the nation. The nation begins expanding eastward into the Yamal, especially around the northern Urals, brought forth by prospecting for minerals, by 5000 sq km. The military is developed. Khiva continues to be influenced at a great importance. Relations are improved with Hungary and Rome.
 * ​Adyghea: Begins to grow more closely aligned with the Tartary itself. The population grows, accomodating Alans and Tatars leaving Crimea. The economy also does, as do the vantage positions on the Caucasus. A mild Chechen revolt erupts to the east of the nation.
 * Great Perm: Also begins to grow more dependent on the Tartary. The ruble continues spreading throughout North Asia, now becoming the primary method of trade in the Tartary, Adyghea, Kazakhstan, and to a lesser degree the Central Asian states. The military also grows, with modernisation occurring.
 * Kazakhstan: Continues to modernise. Centralisation continues to occur, with ulus and warlords being defeated quickly by the Manghud governors in the name of the Tartary. The economy grows because of increased centralisation, as cotton and apples begin to be produced rapidly in the region.
 * Azov: Continues construction of Özu-Cale. The main fort, now named Iskander-Hisar (or Alexander-Kremlin) continues construction. The port begins to grow with the town now having around 300 inhabitants and the first few shipfuls of grain leaving down the Dneiper, easier for transportation. Other cities continue to grow.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire continues to expand its trade, and Roman trade ships travel across the world to gather wealth for the rest of Europe and the Empire. The production of leverlocks continues, and wheelocks continue to be seen as a feature of the upper class of nobility. More galleasses are constructed in the shipyards of Constantinople, and the shipyards of Athens and Thessalonica continue to be constructed. The agreements regarding Cyprus are agreed with Spain and enter into force.
 * ​Albania: The nation decides to purchase a few leverlocks from the Romans and begin building a few itself after a few months of inspection and Roman designs.
 * Ragusa: The republic begins to construct a better shipyard as well as beginning to construct its own carros rather than rely on Venetian surplus or Roman models. Trade continues to pour wealth into the republic thanks to trade with India and the far east along with exports of native goods like silver, wax and timber.
 * Cyprus: The kingdom enters into the Roman sphere of control for the first time in centuries. As such, the native Greek people celebrate while the nobles are slightly less receptive. As a goodwill gesture, the city of Famagusta is turned over to the kingdom as long as it remains loyal. The Cypriot army, numbering 10,000, is considered a threat by the Roman authorities until it is proven loyal. As such, 10,000 Roman troops are sent to help maintain order.
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Bavaria expands its economy. The population continues to rise. Grand Duke Franz-Albert and his council continues to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with twenty-five very large cogs being finished. We begin using an established trade route, with important stops in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany, due to a longstanding trade deal. Continuing in 1517, Franz-Albert commissions six cogs to sail around western Mediterranean coasts. The market center in Landshut continues to attract Bavarian and Venetian traders. In religious news, around 76% of the country adheres to the Western Church. Most adherents live around Munchen and Landshut. In other news, Bavaria continues implementing the Alliance and Merchant Act as well as the Militia and Navy Act. The Bavarian Court continues hosting a largely Venetian composition. However, many Bavarian families have intermingled with the Venetians, creating a distinct social class and gentry. In national news, the common courts continue to be implemented around Bavaria as several of the lower class make use it of. The serf laws begin to be used as well. Skeptics who theorized that the serf laws would mark no profound change in society begin to be proven wrong. In 1517, as many as two hundred serfs sue for their freedom. Franz-Albert begins to ponder a law that would fully abolish serfdom, seeing how it has more or less deteriorated in Bavaria. The wild unpopularity of these laws begin to wear off as well. Franz-Albert further incorporates the Collegiate Writs, allowing many more lower class men to enter college. In legal news, Franz-Albert continues implementing the Bavarian Commands. The war with Hesse has been ended, with Bavaria annexing a small section of Bremen to use as a port. Franz-Albert propositions the Hamburger Grand Duke for a land exchange. See here: Bremen Purchase 
 * Munchen: By 1517, the total class of Queen Isabell University amounts to about 4500 men. Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. The Collegiate Writs begin to draw more men to college.
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Wurzburg: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. A religious change begins occurring in Wurzburg upon the ascension of Franz-Albert, where many more Western Christians begin inhabiting the bishopric. The clergy begins being alarmed and they fear displacement. An envoy dispatched by Franz-Albert attempts to quell their fears.
 * Thuringia: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert and Count Regent Vittorio continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Countess Elisabeth normalizes taxes in an effort to subset any rebellion.
 * Saxony: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert and Count Regent Vittorio continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Countess Elisabeth normalizes taxes in an effort to subset any rebellion.
 * Grand Duchy of Moscow: The nation of Muscovy begins trading along routes routing through the nation of Novgorod and its vassals, and the nation of Pskov. Money collected through trade and taxation is saved this year in the Muscovite treasury in case of an emergency. Trade routes are established between the nations of Poland, Hungary, Rumania, and the Roman Empire, and we promote friendly relations with all these nations. We become closer to Novgorod through trade, relying on Novgorod for safe land routes into our northern territory. The nations of the Ukraine continue to be vassalized. In case of attack we expand our military, recruiting free levies from our cities to protect local regions of our nation. Pikes and crossbows become common equipment in some units after they begin to be produced locally to outfit local regiments. Bowmen continue to be an essential part of our military to provide support for melee units, with some gunpowder weaponry being used. In major cities kremlins are upgraded and outfitted with modern equipment and dedicated garrisons to combat any threat or invasion. The largest kremlin, located in Moscow, is especially upgraded, with new walls being added that are wider and can hold cannons. Italian architects are also invited to our courts to design certain aspects of the city. This turn in our nation and vassals is dedicated to military.
 * Lithuania: This turn is officially dedicated to military. Trade between Moscow, Prussia, and other nations helps to amass wealth, which is partially used to finance infrastructural projects and military fortifications.
 * Austria: This turn in both our nation and in all our vassals is dedicated to military. We train and expand our military using new experience from recent wars, and grow our nation economically. In Morocco our position in Melilla is fortified. All fortifications around the region are rebuilt and manned by stationed guards in case of an attack. To protect Melilla the construction of a fortress outside the city is considered, although postponed for now. The port of Melilla is rebuilt to begin operation as a trade port and military outpost. Construction continues on a shipyard in the Melilla port to facilitate the construction and repair of friendly ships. Melilla is granted a permanent naval garrison in the city’s port, to respond to dangers in the area, and to support the small garrison on land which mans the fortifications. Our position in Morocco is fortified by re-inforcements, bringing Melilla operational against attacks. For now a small fleet is stationed in its harbor, while its garrison continues to hold the north and its supply lines, supporting our Christian brethren. With much of the Muslim population of Melilla left dead after the war against Morocco, the local government attempts to entice settlers by offering large quantities of land to Christian settlers. Many Europeans, particularly of German descent and/or from central Europe begin settling the area around Melilla. With finances from Augsburg-based banking establishments, the Trieste Company continues to launch expeditions to West Africa. Abrechtburg has grown to a decently sized settlement, supporting a population of farmers, traders, and a small garrison of soldiers. The town also houses a well furbished fort, armed with a small amount of cannons intended to defend the settlement and the harbor from any attack. Built out of necessity, the port at Abrechtburg is refurbished and expanded to support more trade ships, and allied countries are welcomed to trade and stay in the town. The second largest settlement in Westenland, Dominusburg, follows suit, finishing the construction of a port similar to Abrechtburg‘s. Trade posts continue to be built and exploited, now numbering several dozen along the coast of Westenland and into allied territory. Our reliance on the Wolof becomes less so, but we sign a trade agreement with their nation to continue our positive relationship. Deals are made with the Wolof for slaves and other goods. Conversion of the natives begin around the settlement. Several bimereiches and caravels begin construction in Trieste, Melilla, Corfu, and other ports,  to further facilitate and protect overseas trade. Trade is increased with the Grand Duchy of Bavaria and other trade partners, bringing about new avenues of trade and commerce. Expeditions to the New World continue to increase trade with Spanish possessions, establishing a trade route between Westenland and colonies in the Yucatan. Trade posts in the Caribbean are expanded and grow as they become more frequently visited.
 * Rumania: Stephen, now 42, continues to work on improving the economy; Iron, salt and coal mines dot the landscape. Coal is produced for metalworking and heating. These mines provide the resources required by the foundries and traders on the coast. The growing mines require more processing facilities, which spur more development along the coast. More large shipyards open and the lumber industry continues to expand to supply the shipbuilders. Leverlock muskets continue to become a major export and required resources drive a booming mining industry. The Danube becomes a highway of commerce, hundreds of barges travel up and down its length transporting people, materials, goods, and ideas. The spread of better sanitation systems, first introduced to Constanta by the Romans, causes a slow increase in the average lifespan. As much as 9% of the nation has reached basic literacy, and the Moralists promote education of commoners by priests, in order to give everyone the opportunity to read the bible. Education among the elite is becoming almost mandatory. Constantius, now 18 and his brother Radu, now 17, continue their education in matters of state and policy.
 * The Consulate of Bulgaria: The economy continues to grow. The printing press spreads south into Bulgaria just as in Rumania. Ties with Rumania are strengthened; hundreds of Romanians move into the country, seeking cheap and productive land, and inter-marriage becomes very common. Bulgarians also begin to migrating to trade towns in Romania to seek more economic opportunities. Bulgarian populations in Rumania now represent a large minority, and the same can be said about Romanians in Bulgaria. Ethnic tensions are uncommon in both nations as multi-ethnic communities existed before the large migrations.
 * Oyo Empire:  Oyo and the Akan sign a treaty bringing the Akan nation into the Oyo Empire as a fully-fledged member, ending the vassalization period. With the worth of the Oyo proven to the population of the Akan, the two states seek to put aside their old hatred, and work together in building a new nation as one united people. Elsewhere, the Oyo continue working on expanding their navy with the new Portugese vessels, as well as incorporating many of the designs into their own ships to cut down on costs. With the borders of the empire secure, Oyo turns all of its attention to building up its naval forces, incorporating European designs into its own products, and expanding its trade routes overseas. The military, economy, and infrastructure as expanded as such to meet the needs of the planned operations from the government.
 * You have been told repeatedly you cannot vassalise anything peacefully in your region any longer. This is your third offence of the sort. Furthermore, you have been doing increasingly outlandish things, like stating you wanted to invade Madagascar in chat, as well as doing outlandish and ridiculous invasions. I've talked to another mod, and, reconsideration notwithstanding, you're banned from the game for a week.
 * Your aggressive attempts to prevent me from invading Madagascar went against plausibility and the advancements that I already made, invalidating your accusation that I did anything "outlandish". Your own attempts to dictate another nation's ability to mend past issues flies in the face of realism. You're saying that no nation is allowed to repair relations at all. Everything I've done has been within the bounds of realism considering my development, which out players have attested you. Though I expect nothing less from a person who sees a source and discounts it as "biased" simply because it contridicts your views. The fact that you saw the vassalization attempts for the last week and said nothing, and your only reacting now, proves you were complacent with the attempt until I actually got Akan. Why the sudden change of heart? And I find it somewhat concerning that you saw my attempts every day for the last seven days, and your banning me now, following up on a "notice" Feud issued to have me banned from the game. I believe this is an excuse to get me out of the game, rather than a legitimate concern, given that you would have done something seven days ago rather than just today. And sign your posts. ~Viva
 * I crossed out a turn and told you 1. Vassals and PU's cant vassalize which is what you attempted and i Personally addressed it and confirmed it with other mods including a neutral mod, and 2 Fed myself and Sine informed you the other day of this and told you to cut it out or face the consequences, you did not stop. as it stands im in agreement with Fed. Along with this every time your contradicted you immediately jump to the Bias Train and say whoever contradicted you is incompetant, Biased, Idiotic, and when LG came and shut you down a few months ago you said he was completely ignorant and said he had no idea what he was talking about. You just dont like being contradicted. Any Further Edits on this game page will result in the extention of your ban, take all greivances to the talk page where they will be Addressed accordingly. Just so you cannot complain you were not told further consequences, 1 edit to a turn of any sort after this point will result in the extention of the ban, a second edit results in a further extention, and a third edit will result in further diciplinary action which may or may not classify any further edits to the game as Vandalism and will be treated as such pending a Mod consensus and the case being brought before higher powers if needed. -Feud
 * Zapoteca: Zapotecan troops rally with their Spanish allies, and begin a campaign into Aztec territory. The Spanish aid is greatly appreciated. The Emperor continues financing Spanish settlers to come to the kingdom and marry into the population. Trade increases and continues with the Spanish. Tlaco II expands roadways connecting cities in the alliance to help merchants and soldiers move freer between them. The military, which had been outdated for many years, continues to be upgraded. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. In the coastal regions under Danibaan's influence, more boats are created. Tlaco II orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Itzapam continues prospering under Zapotecan rule, improving their economy immensely.

1518
'''Tropical fire ants in the Spanish territory on the Yucatan devastate crops and cause a small shortage of provisions. '''

'''A large scale epidemic breaks out in the Greater Antilles and into Central America, eventually spreading further into Mexico and South America. The population of these areas is severely hit, especially in areas of the north. '''

'''Why? SwankyJ (talk) 01:03, May 30, 2014 (UTC)'''

'''Probably so. Albion could easily expand into OTL CANADA without facing any opposition ... or maybe to weaken Krasnoyarks tribal state.''' RexImperio (talk) 14:03, May 30, 2014 (UTC)


 * "Cough...Eire...Cough" Bfoxius (talk)

'''After speaking to MS on Chat, this is the same plague that many of us are already facing here in the Americas, this event just establishes that it is spreading. ~Edge'''

What Edge said. Also this event doesn't even effect Canada.

The Order of Friars Minor Capuchin is founded in Italy after a monk is inspired to return to the primitive life of solitude and penance as practiced by St Francis.

'''The current Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan dies from smallpox. as does his younger brother  Toltecatl.<u style="font-style:inherit;font-weight:inherit;"> He is succeeded by his nephew Cuitláhuac.'''

'''That's implausible. He would be succeeded by his youngest brother, Toltecatl. SwankyJ (talk) 01:03, May 30, 2014 (UTC)''' '''Shit, i have been away way too long. Make the algo for me? Motive: Muslim prophet says Yemen must gain Mecca, Allah's will stuff. So, religious, political, economic.''' '''Could Someone repost this tomorrow and on Sunday? I'll be on a trip and I Need to post. thanks to whoever does it for me!''' Saturn (Talk) 16:15, May 30, 2014 (UTC)
 * Portugal: Continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Lenhame. By this time, the colony in Lenhame starts to export wheat to Portugal. Meanwhile, trade intensifies in the African coast. The Açores continue to be settled. Meanwhile, the naus continue to be used. Naval explorations directed to the west continue, after news that new lands may have been found there. Meanwhile, Santa Cruz expands north by 1000 sq km. Meanwhile, pau-brasil (brazilwood) starts to be extracted in the colony. Meanwhile, sugarcane, that was already present in the Açores, begins to be planted in Santa Cruz. Meanwhile, the colony of São Sebastião expands 1000 sq km. Meanwhile, Teresa de Leiva gives birth to a girl, who is named Urraca.
 * Aztec Empire: Now once again plans are revealed of a second assassination! While Prince Toltecatl and his would-be assassins enter the royal chambers, his older brother, Emperor Cuauchtemoc II had already died in his sleep due to small pox, the fever enraptured his life during the night, snatching the light from his heart. A funeral is given, not many attend. Emperor Toltecatl reinstates his eldest brothers reforms. Formally apologizing to the Zapotec Alliance, offering their most prosperous vassal, Cihuatlan, in compensation, and an end to the war. The Emperor later apologizes to the Zapotec's main ally, the Spanish. Realizing his brother's woes, he offers Atotonilco, the most northern province, and the richest with silver, to the Spanish. Zacatollan, Xichitolo, Tlacopan, Texcoco, and Tenochtitlan, are remained under Aztec rule. The Emperor reinstates Christianity as the national religion. He continues his show of dedication, by paying and bribing missionaries to once again enter the Aztec Empire, and proselytize the populace. The people show much joy in the new emperor, and reviving "Tezcacoatl's Law" Although the war and the recent instability have damaged the lands, over 150,000 civillians are killed during the chaos, as well as 8,400 Aztec soldiers, which fell in the brief war. The Aztecs offer gold to the Spanish in order for assistance to rebuild after the one year of corruption, requesting Spanish buildings, culture, and people to begin merging into the land. The navy is crushed by the Spanish galleons, and the Emperor has no intention of rebuilding a new one, only to repair the land, and improve infrastructure. Emperor Toltecatl persists, and requests an alliance with the Spanish, or the Zapotec Alliance. Aztec doctors are sent to Zapotec lands, to mend the wounded which were hurt by the recent dictator's command. We request a peace treaty with the Spanish, and their allies, as well as trade requests with the French and Pskov. 
 *  ​ Pskov has no real permanant presence yet, and while it would be likely that they would trade with natives and the Aztecs given the chance, Pskov just sent a few exploratory expeditions. Since we have no real presence other than maybe sporadic Explorers scouting for spice-rich islands to exploit every five-to-ten years may be the most we could trade with the Aztecs until we establish a permanant colony. The most we could really do at this point is aknowledge each other's existence, exchange some gifts when we send explorers, maybe resupply if it's a cartography misssion, and try not to  kill each other in the future until Pskov establishes a colony ... It's not that I don't want permanent trade with the Aztecs. In the long run it may just benefit us both, but presently it's just not possible for Pskov to consistantly trade with the Aztecs until we start to maintain a  permanent settlement in the Americas.
 * Spain dip: The Queen of Spain accepts this offer and will draft a treaty dictating terms to the Aztec people for the time being the nation will be occupied and the enumerated provinces seized.
 * |onte continues to have a large surplus of grain. Though adopting "western farming", the idea of "the tribe" is still very much so alive, as people always share the crops they have grown, or the animals they have hunted amongst the community. Due to the policy of planting tree groves, desert reclaimation has started taking effect in some parts of |onte. Throughout the year, Mon's children go elephant hunting, though it is very dangerous, as they are hunting them with arquebuses, and the whole process requires much co-ordination. However, the results are said to be spectacular, as the tribe gains new wealth in the collected ivory, and the elephant meat is considered a rarity. The season resulted in  elephants being killed, an increase due to the recently build elephant pen. |onte is becoming very rich with money made from elephant hunting, as they have nothing to spend the money on. Mon II begins teaching children in the vicinity of the Kunene how to read, causing great interest amongst children of these strange characters, that give them a new form to play. Most of the recent generation can read, however, only a few can write. Mon II continues the project that will be his life's work: the Kunene library. Debarubo consolidates recently acquired territory. |onte's population rises to over 12,000. There is a population centre that is beginning to appear around the mouth of the Kunene, and is simply referred to as Kunene. Mon III, with the help of Debarubo, establishes the Eheresito hu Kunene, the first standing army of |on. Mon III feels it is difficult to expand the tribe to its full potential with solely irregulars who volunteer to expand northward. The army only has 100 men, who have no salary, but dedicate their lives to raiding, and debilitating the surroundings before the irregulars (the normal |onteli tribesman) move in and finish the job (stealing of the females, and killing of the surviving males). Mon III builds semi-temporary sleeping loges in the north, where they can rest over night. Mon III feels this is an efficient way to expand northward.
 * Prussia: The Prussians begin to develop their military. The Prussians continue to build their new navy. Prussia continues to Germanize their ethnic minorities.
 * Courland: The Curonians also continue developing their military.
 * Estland: Ossel-Wiek also continues developing their military. Duke Franz continues to reshape the face of Arensburg.
 * Vorlayacor:  The disease spreads to Vorlayacor through Spanish ships from the north. Quarantines are put into place in some villages, including those housing many of the road workers, effectively putting the project on hiatus.  Research and experiments in shipbuilding continue, and our north and east borders are expanded by three pixels.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire continues to expand its trade, and Roman trade ships travel across the world to gather wealth for the rest of Europe and the Empire. The production of leverlocks continues, and wheelocks continue to be seen as a feature of the upper class of nobility. More galleasses are constructed in the shipyards of Constantinople, and the shipyards of Athens and Thessalonica continue to be constructed. The agreements regarding Cyprus are agreed with Spain and enter into force.
 * ​Albania: The nation decides to purchase a few leverlocks from the Romans and begin building a few itself after a few months of inspection and Roman designs.
 * Ragusa: The republic begins to construct a better shipyard as well as beginning to construct its own carros rather than rely on Venetian surplus or Roman models. Trade continues to pour wealth into the republic thanks to trade with India and the far east along with exports of native goods like silver, wax and timber.
 * Cyprus: The kingdom enters into the Roman sphere of control for the first time in centuries. As such, the native Greek people celebrate while the nobles are slightly less receptive. As a goodwill gesture, the city of Famagusta is turned over to the kingdom as long as it remains loyal. The Cypriot army, numbering 10,000, is considered a threat by the Roman authorities until it is proven loyal. As such, 10,000 Roman troops are sent to help maintain order.
 * The Great Liao Empire: Cement and iron increase in production. We develop the economy and trade by ETA. As we increase in population, we slowly target our expansion northward. We expand 75 px to the north. We continue to develop our firearms. We begin building up our military and create even tougher practices. We expand our settlement at North Baikal Lake. We begin sending our soldiers next to the Baikal Jurchens. We continue building up on our border against the Baikal Jurchens and we build forts. We ramp up our military. We build more cannons (siege equipment).
 * Yakutsk: We expand by 500 sq km and trade with indigeneous people.
 * Gorutsk: We expand by 500 sq km and trade with indigeneous people.
 * Liao D: We ask for trade relationships with European nations.
 * Liao D to Tartary and Safavid: We ask our dear allies to give us support for our future conquest of the Baikal Jurchens. 
 * Yemen: We continue to occupy Mecca, and declare that it is now Yemen.
 * OK - just stop right there ... First of all, you cannot just 'start occupying Makkah' because it would make no sense ... You have not vassalized it or invaded it so you cannot just occupy it. Second of all, there is already a guy who registered himself as Caliphate of Makkah so you need an algorithm.
 * Fusahito Theocracy: In response to continued attacks on trade caravans by the native Jurchens in the Manchurian colony and the damage this causes to trade, the military are mobilised to quell opposition, with orders  to kill every third man over the age of sixteen in native settlements. In addition to this, the building of outposts is continued throughout the colony at intervals of around thirty miles to tie together the land under Fusahito rule. Although the brutality of these measures are opposed by some in the Emperor's court, these fears cannot be expressed publically due to the divine status of the Emperor. Also, the destruction of a large amount of the male population has a two-fold benefit, with the spirit of the raiders entirely crushed and more land available for newly emancipated slaves to farm. Econ turn. In the meantime, the Emperor continues to provide financial and economic support to the Hosokawa Clan and the Japanese islands to the North which have thrown off the yoke of Chinese dominance. These measures continue to draw these Japanese patriots closer to the Theocracy. (Year Eleven of Sixteen). Japanese armed forces continue to fight in Korea. The Emperor proposes a marriage between his adopted son and the daughter of the Uesugi Daimyo to further unite the two great households. Mod response, please.
 * ​Mod Response: The Uesugi Daimyo is humbled by the marriage offer and agrees to His Majesty's wishes.
 * County of Oldenburg: The country's infrastructure is the focus of improvement this year, especially military infrastructure. Forts are refurbished and new cannon placed on their ramparts. The little stone forts in the North Atlantic Colonies (Neu Baltrum, Neu Borkum, and the newly acquired Neu Bremen and Neu Lippe) are strengthened. Neu Borkum and Neu Bremen's forts are given a small round tower (two stories tall) with one small cannon on top. The North Atlantic operations of the OHG continue to be profitable. Hamburg is told they are welcome to use our newly-gained facilities in Neu Bremen for all peaceful purposes including exploration. The Oldenburger ambassador does, however, quietly urge the Grand Duke to remember Oldenburg's claims to Neu Norderney (area of Labrador around Happy Valley Goose Bay) and the Adelheid Sea (Hudson Bay).
 * Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: The economy improves thanks to the dramatic increase in visitors to the country. Many new inns are opened in the town, and the monasteries open roadside houses for pilgrims. The prince-Bishop is especially grateful to the Bishop of Scotland for his kind praise of Saint Andrew's.
 * Natigosteg L'nu: Exploration of Ilua Bay (Hudson Bay) continues. The bay is explored to its northwestern limit, where it seemingly comes to an end in a sea of ice. It is also discovered that the tribes along the northwest of the bay have access to far fewer furs than the southern ones, so further exploration is decided to be unprofitable. The two colonies, Ungava and Aksimiki, both expand 1000 km. Meanwhile, tea continues to be cultivated in Natigosteg and South Labrador. The Naskapi resettlement brings the population up to 30,000. The Naskapi are settled throughout the nation, where they are unable to form a distinct ethnic group, and so will be quickly assimilated. In the capital, construction of a palace and expansion of the library continues. Some convert to Christianity, as preached by Albionic priests. Construction of proper ocean-going ships continues, with success now expected to be three years away.
 * Safavid Empire: We build up our military and navy. Port cities are being rebuilt. More ships are being made for our navy. Our own version of guns are being made. Farming is becoming one of the most important industries, besides blacksmithy, trading and fishing. Guns are now mass produced in our country. We continue to make more woodblock printing presses for our libraries. Prototype cannons at three feet long are continuing to be made. A trade route from our home country to Oirat is mapped out. People are now trading with each other on this trade route. Foreign exchange banks are becoming popular in our country due to the ETA (Eurasian Trade Agreement). Trade has increased due to the ETA. A new art form is continuing to be drawn. It is a mix of Safavid, Oirat and Mughal art. Our art is continuing to be popular with all of the nation around us. We vassalize Khanate of Khiva. Trade goes well with the Dutch merchants. All slaves that come from the Oyo nation are continuing to be converted to Shiite Islam. We continue to trade with the Roman Empire. Trade routes to Caliphate of Mecca are continuing to be drawn on maps.
 * Khanate of Khiva: We improve our relations with the Safavid empire. We build up our military and navy. Trade routes are beining to be map into the Safavid empire.
 * Marrikuwuyanga Empire: The wheat surplus had steadily increased which had allowed the Marrikuwuyanga to increase their population. The Marrikuwuyanga continued their trade with the Dutch East Indian Company after the Supreme Council of Twelve had allowed the Dutch to create a trade outpost [1 px] at West Timor. The Marrikuwuyangan economy was steadily growing after the shock it had faced when the Ayutthaya faced rebellion. The Marrikuwuyangan economy was the strongest in the region and hundreds of men from other tribal states would migrate to Marrikuwuyanga annually to live in better conditions. The Marrikuwuyanga deported the 1000 Ayutthaya soldiers back to their homelands after the Emperor faced pressure from the Supreme Council of Twelve. The Marrikuwuyanga now produced muskets in large number, although training in using spears was still provided. Marrikuwuyanga expand 50 px along the eastern coast. The Emperor faced with the threat of Buddhism undermining his position, started mass conversions of Buddhists to Yadaism [Yadaism is a combination of Buddhism and the worship of Emperor Yada Gulpilil], and the Supreme Council openly declared that Ayutthaya and Buddhists were demons, not celestial beings the Marrikuwuyanga had previously considered them to be and the Buddhists were now persecuted.
 * Timor:The extensive work on developing Timor's navy and military had proved beneficial after the Dutch had started providing the Marrikuwuyanga with their warships for the Marrikuwuyanga to examine and build. The Marrikuwuyangan Emperor, Yada Gulpilil was worshipped by many natives and his power continued to increase over the tribes of Timor. Development of Timor's infrastructure had started with the aid of Dutch, and the construction of a major port for the Dutch to utilize too had started
 * In Italy, peasants, still exited from the new colony, are continuing to ask the king they could voyage out to the New World to seek another future there. The king continues to let people to get out of the crowded country and to go colonize the New World. The colony expands by 6 px to the north, 9 px to the south and 2 px to the west. Philosophers guess that almost 3000 men are leaving to get out of Europe and trying to get to the New World. The peasants are getting to work, and the Duke plans to visit soon. The King is happy with the settlers and their new lives as more peasants are continuing to ask to go to our new colony.
 * Netherlands: William I of Netherlands and his Queen Charlotte have their first child, a boy named Christoffel. Christoffel is proclaimed the new heir and is granted the title of the Prince of Holland. Karl now 19 decides to try his luck in the Orient after years under the tutalage of old Mirza. Despite the protests of his brother and family. He is granted a sizable estate within the city of Batavia. Karl also makes an inquiary if he may spend time in the royal court of Bengal. The Kingdom continues to prosper as trade and banking provide a massive influx of capital. The stocks of the East India Company continue to develop more and more as trade with the orient evolves and solidifies. Military and naval expansion continue. Dutch shipwrights start exploring new ship designs that will allow for greater mobility and firepower. More of the Roman firearms are produced by Wallon gunsmithies. Some revisions are made to the current tactics used by the Royal Army mainly due to the oppprtunities provided by this new firearm which proves to be superior in firing capacity and cheaper to produce. The arts and sciences continue to flourish and develop as the courts and universities of the Netherlands fund them due to the large amounts capital avaliable to the nation. The bourgoeisie and aristocracy continue to grow as does their wealth. The luxurious life style of the Netherlands continues to evolve. Great mansions, town houses and public works are built, such as the Theatre of Brussels and the Arts building of the University of Amsterdam. The major cities continue to grow and the architectural style of the buildings continue to change. Influence over Sunda and the rest of the East Indies continue to grow as Batavia grows in importance within the region following the collapse of the Thai Empire. The first Dutch building is finished in Batavia becoming the headquarters of the East India Company in the Orient. Exploration and trading in the New World continue a settlement near the Amazon River is built. However, it is ultimately abandoned by the end of the Year due to inadequate supplies and the climate. Wallon culture and the French language continue to influence the development of the national identity as French remains just as important as Dutch within political and academic circles.
 * Grand Duchy of Hamburg-Mecklenburg: The HTSC voyage reaches the coast of otl Brazil, and begins mapping the coastline. Meanwhile, with permission from Oldenburg, a government sponsored voyage departs Neu Bremen after a brief re-supply. Hamburg promises to respect Oldenburgs claims, as this voyage is merely for mapping and exploration, not colonization. Back home, there are several protests regarding the governments soft stance on Albion. Some begin fearing a resurgence of anti-Albion sentiment. Grand Duke Friedrich II begins brainstorming for ways to keep his people happy. He decides to begin by creating a legislative center in the city of Hanover, to deal with the minor and menial tasks in his realm, while he himself takes care of the major issues. The Navy continues to become stronger than ever with a slightly improved ship design, lengthened to allow two more cannons on either side, entering service this year. Reaching 18, Friedrich II begins searching for a wife.
 * Magdeburg: Military and economy expanded.
 * Bremen: Military and economy expanded.
 * Bruchhausen: Military and economy expanded.
 * Williamsburg: A militia comprised of the local citizens is formed.
 * Neue Lüneburg: A militia of its own is formed.
 * Castile:  The Colony of Buenos Aires expands by (10 px) up the coast and establishes a captaincy farther south (10 px). The Castilian populace reaches about 10.1 million and growing. The Kingdom itself begins to expand its armed forces to nearly 80,000 and sends more military ships to Monaco to protect it from any aggression. The Castilian forces begin training exercizes. The Navy also begins to make serious advances in technology and armed attack formations along with its pushes out into the wide seas. The Colony of Buenos Aires reaches a population of about 12,000 and growing with the more families and women showing up. Castilian exploration ships begin exploring south to check out farther down the coast and look for the southern edge of the continent. Charles of Castile who had gone to the New World becomes governor of the Buenos Aires Colony. The Castilians declare war on the Aztecs and bring along their multiple allies helping them if needed. Castile officially accepts the transfer of Cyprus to Rome for allowed access for trade in the islands ports, Roman payment of the troops way home, and the signing of an alliance between Castile and Rome. Castile unwilling to let Aztec aggression go unanswered spends directly from the Treasury sending nearly 5000 troops in order to show the Natives the power of the Spanish Empire. and directly recruits another 10,000 natives from Zapotec, Maya and tribal opportunists in order to march against the Aztecs. The Arrival of a Spanish fleet devastates the Aztec fleet and fights in Zapotecs northern areas marching is large army to fight the Aztecs directly bringing horses and other weapons the Aztecs will not have encountered before. 10,000 troops are sent to Venezia. The large area seized as part of colonial efforts in Hesperia known as buenos aires is renamed New Spain in honor of the great nations which occupy the peninsula and the majority of them being ruled under the Spanish crown.


 * ​ Kingdom of Aragon:  With Castilian assistance various infrastructural areas are rebuilt and the military is expanded to a token force of 10,000. Along with this support the Aragonian economy recovers slowly with a slow but controlled influx of Castilian economic aid helping Aragon recover. The ruling magistrate over Aragon signs a landmark trade deal with Castile which allows for Aragon's usage of Castile's large amounts of trade posts down the coast of Africa. The Aragonians now in control of the Spanish South African trading company fund the creation of the expansion of the Trade outpost into a formal colony to be settled much like Morocco and Granada were by Castile. The Colony of Cape Ferdinand expands 10 px up the coast and expands the captaincy down the coast now covering the mouth of the Orange River on the coast (5 px). It's mostly populated by Castilians who are the main people moving to the colonies. Aragons population finally becomes majority Spanish speaking after nearly two new generations have been raised speaking it. The Aragonians along with their Castilian allies declare war on the Aztecs providing nearly 500 troops
 * Kingdom of Morocco:  The country begins the construction of various canals and cultivates trees farther inland to help increase arable farmland. The Moroccan economy continue to expand with greater trade coming from Castile and the Canaries all the way down to Capo Verde increasing the relative wealth. The Kingdom with many canals having been completed has vastly expanded its farmland among other things. Morocco's total population reaches one million with Christianity becoming dominant in the area. Calne-Vicuna is finished and is opened as a center for Christianity in North Africa with a library said to rival old Alexandria's. The Moroccan Assassins Guild forms and spreads keeping the peace and killing the corrupt as well as making Morocco much more peaceful for Castilian Rule. The Kingdom of Morocco officially enters into a personal union with Castile following the magistrates and princes deeming it unnecessary for the King to not have full control in the country. The Magistrates, however, are fully re-instated to continue as they were just under direction of the monarch of Castile. The Magistrates in order to show their loyalty to their Queen and in order to be given a higher standing within the Spanish empire declare war on the Aztecs and provide troops numbering 1000 to the Spanish war.
 * Kongo:  The Kingdom begins to work toward a trade and production economy focusing on helping provide resources for Castile's burgeoning West African trade network. The King of the Kongo converting to Christianity and being baptised begins to call for the expansion of ports to the best of the Kongolese architects' abilities. With the King also adopts the name John, in favor of the king who began these exploratory operations down the coast of Africa. The King also organized a band of Christian soldiers who help keep the peace and also begin to help with conversions to Christianity as a series of missionaries and high level priests from the Western Church have come on a ship hearing of many pagans and heretics to convert. The King makes multiple successful campaigns against various of the petty kings in Kongo killing two of them and leaving the third on the run. The Christianization of multiple areas is completed and multiple others are begun. The Kingdom of the Kongo in an attempt to increase economic output and trade begins to export a moderate amount of raw materials to Castile and begins to push toward heavy exploitation methods if possible.
 * Mapuche:  With the defeat by the Spanish a royal governor is appointed by the Castilians. The governor immediately goes to work to prevent his workforce from being killed by disease and to prevent revolts and by immediately marching groups of about 1000 people to the colonial capital. These people are immediately transferred onto available ships and throughout the year are sent up the coast via Spanish ships to a location unknown to the Mapuche. The Mapuche also continue to see major issues from European contact are given orders to isolate themselves if they are sick to prevent further expansion of the disease. The governor also manages to gain a force of about 200 as a garrison. The Mapuche people begin to see the first mixed children between Spanish and Mapuche people. The Spanish institute the Ecomienda system. However, the Spanish governor, in order to keep control of the people, orders the Spanish heads of the system to treat the natives fairly in order to prevent mass deaths from overworking and resentment. Spanish farming techniques have definitely prevented starvation as the Mapuche continue to expand toward the coast building a road to connect it all. The Spanish governor, also using the local Mapuche as scouts, is able to expand much more than the Buenos Aires colony and uses this to his advantage to secure more land to be able to turn over to Spanish settlers. The Royal Governor expands the territory by 1000 sq km
 * Maya:  With the outright collapse of the Mayan government complete the Spanish institute a royal governor who assumes command of the troops. The Mayan armed forces have been all but wiped out and the Spanish along with their native auxiliaries begin the absolute wipe out of their armed forces and securing of multiple cities and settlements. Many of the villages are left completely ransacked. However, an insightful priest says that destroying the cities will result in long term resentment that could never be repaired and instead they should be made Spanish-Maya hybrid. The new Royal Governor seeing wisdom in this declares that the cities will not be ransacked and a moderate tribute of gold and silver is demanded by the Spanish. The 2000 troops remain in the Country and begin to establish areas along the coast suitable for Spanish settlement. The military and economy of the Maya under Spain is developed and roads are upgraded to Spanish standards. An expected expansion program is to be undertaken in the next few years. The Mayans provice 20,000 troops to the Spanish war against the Aztecs.
 * Kingdom of Venezia:  With the establishment of the Kingdom of Venezia following the previous war and with the loss of a large portion of the fleet the Venezian people seem to believe that much can be rebuilt through utilization of the dynamically rising Spanish empire for its own benefit. The businessmen and high level economists, bankers and multiple other fully knowledgeable individuals of Venezia remaining after the war go on a trip to Spain's vibrant trade cities and after careful negotiations many of these men take over one of Spain's newest rising trade companies, the Buenos Aires trade company, with some offices based out of the Buenos Aires colony in Hesperia. The Venezians, unable to select a king from their remaining nobles, delegate to the Queen of Spain (Castile and Aragon) who chooses a man named Antonio Lo Grato to rule as Prince of Venice in place of the Queen of Spain. A well acclaimed and respected man, he immediately enacts reforms. The Venezian economy with access to the Spanish economy begins to recover and for the first time in years due to this. The Venezians begins its long road to naval recovery and begins to use its vast knowledge to begin building ships not only for itself but acquires the blueprints to improve on Spanish ships to allow for sale back to the Queen. The Venezian military is also raised to a token force of about 10,000 due to its location but remains lightly armed and unable to project power or fight any unsupported offensives. The Prince of Venezia, Antonio, begins the drift toward Spanish culture in an attempt to assimilate to a much more favorable nation than Austria, or the Kingdom of Italy.
 * Tawatinsuyu: Economy improves following trade with the Spanish and acsses to the massive economy of the Spanish Confederation.  The immune population grows, however, the number of infected an dying remains at 60% of the total population remains infected or dying.  Roughly 950,000 people remain healthy, though that number continues to drop. Developments to Peru continue, with the city boasting about 5000 people. Cuzco remains the target of many anti-Europe Riots. Medical work continues to be studied, and expanded by acsess to European books. Firearms are also studied and examined for their military use. The technology of the military continues to be improved.
 * Pskov improves its economic capability once more, and people start showing off their University as a symbol of pride, and even if Russia is united, Pskov Unvierstiy still remains the largest instutution of its kind in eastern Europe. A pskovian gunsmith introduces a new design into the public, and today it is known as the "Snaplock mechanism" He produces a phew models and then sells them to the State military, who are so impressed that in the next budget includes a long-term contract where the gunsmith would release his designs to the public and 10 000 rifles would be produced for foreign sale and to replace the aging matchlock muskets. A new idea, of firing out of a cannon not a solid ball but a hollow one, filled with black powder emerges, but does not go into style just yet. The Old muskets are sold and pskov reaps great rewards, however, they are only sold at the rate that new ones ar comming in, and private citizens and other goernements are quick to line up to get the Pskovian Muskets. In other news, Pskov continues to prosper from trade. The New World is almost forgotten, as Banks begin lending more money and introducing the Zolotnik to more markets. After a census that heppened this year, Pskov registered an approximate 275,000 people in total, 100,000 in the City of Pskov alone, 15,000 in Ostrov, and 50,000 in Nizhnigorodsk-na-Narve, making the urban population a total of 165,000 and the rural population at 110,000, a 60% urban population. Much of the new population are immigrants or decendants of immigrants and families of scholars and whatnot that decided to live in Pskov.
 * Eire (Member Nation of the UKGA): Eoghan O'Briain, intrigued by tales of a western land, goes on another voyage in a fleet of six ships sponsored by the King Tomas II, who has attained the title recently gained the title "the Enterprising" for his sponsorship of merchant-class enterprises and especially voyages of exploration. O'Briain is granted a charter by the Eiric Exploration company and gathers a group of traders, adventurers, farmers, and fortune seekers and establishes the colony Nuaphail at OTL Dalhousie (Newpale in English, after the barrier that surrounds the main town which reminds the Irish of the old barrier dividing English Ireland and Irish Ireland, only ironically, the Irish are the ones inside the Pale this time), with the main city being known as Nua Luimneach (New Limerick), as the area it is settled on is akin to the Eiric city of Limerick. Meanwhile, the military is built up, after the Scandinavian War, and bitterness rises against Hamburg and the HRE. The pidgin language that has been spoken in the port cities of Eire that is related to Brythenglish becomes an official language of Eire, with it being entitled "Albionic". Our explorers discover much of the land between OTL Cape Cod and Labrador, and claim it for the UKGA and all aligned native tribes. A map is drafted of these regions. Galway becomes the main center for Western trade and colonization.
 * Nuaphail: After the first year of the colony, the first major wave of settlers begins to arrive at the fledgling town of Nua Luimneach/Limerick. Composed of a diverse group of indentured servants, fortune-seekers, soldiers, missionaries, and free settlers, the vast majority are from Eire, specifically the port cities of Limerick, Tralee, and Galway, but a smattering are from other parts of Eire and even the kingdoms of Great Albion. We also begin to send single women, who are rewarded for their passage to the colony in money and other goods. Friendly relations are established with the Natigosteg L'nu, and other surrounding Mi'kmaq tribes though there are some raids, and we come to the L'nu with various trinkets and a picture of King Tomas II and one of the Eiric countryside. Due to the bounty of the surrounding area in natural resources, there is more than enough food, especially with the help of the L'nu, and the first batches of cod and lumber are exported. Missionaries of the Western Church are sent to all surrounding tribes, and we sail up the OTL St Lawrence as far as OTL Quebec City, with missionaries spreading the Faith and trinkets to native people in exchange for food and loyalties. We expand 1000 km north along the coast of the Gaspe Penninsula. 
 * Natigosteg L'nu dip: We request to purchase a printing press and medical assistance for European diseases. We also wish to reaffirm our treaty.
 * Rumania: Stephen, now 43, continues to work on improving the economy; Iron, salt and coal mines dot the landscape. Coal is produced for metalworking and heating. These mines provide the resources required by the foundries and traders on the coast. The growing mines require more processing facilities, which spur more development along the coast. More large shipyards open and the lumber industry continues to expand to supply the shipbuilders. Leverlock muskets continue to become a major export and required resources drive a booming mining industry. The Danube becomes a highway of commerce, hundreds of barges travel up and down its length transporting people, materials, goods, and ideas. The spread of better sanitation systems, first introduced to Constanta by the Romans, causes a slow increase in the average lifespan. As much as 9% of the nation has reached basic literacy, and the Moralists promote education of commoners by priests, in order to give everyone the opportunity to read the bible. Education among the elite is becoming almost mandatory. Constantius, now 19 and his brother Radu, now 18, continue their education in matters of state and policy.
 * The Consulate of Bulgaria: The economy continues to grow. The printing press spreads south into Bulgaria just as in Rumania. Ties with Rumania are strengthened; hundreds of Romanians move into the country, seeking cheap and productive land, and inter-marriage becomes very common. Bulgarians also begin to migrating to trade towns in Romania to seek more economic opportunities. Bulgarian populations in Rumania now represent a large minority, and the same can be said about Romanians in Bulgaria.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 1000 sq km each settlement. The colonies continue growing as expected. The navy begins a huge update in order to establish a stronger control over over seas territories such as the colonies and to have further control over Africa. while this the king seeks for the French influence to grow in unexpected territories.
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy are built up.
 * Sardinia: Military and economy are built up.
 * Basel: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aargau: Military and economy are built up. The French presence begins to be felt. However, the attempts to establish a pro-Germanic government in order to avoid eventual uprisings, internal vassalization begins as well to fully convince German leadership.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up.
 * Trier: Military and economy are built up.
 * Julich: Military and economy are built up.
 * Zweibrucken: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aurienne: Military and economy are built up. The nation expands both west and east toward the colonies of the French.
 * Guaxirenne: The country expands southward and military and economy are built up.
 * Lombardy: Work continues on the Certosa di Pavia, the Castle Visconteo, and on the extensive Milan Cathedral. We continue training a proper standing army, utilizing Swiss mercenaries and local recruits. With border disputes now settled between the nations of Austria and Switzerland, we continue opening friendly relations with both nations in hopes of repairing our diplomatic relations and protecting our northern border. We continue constructing cogs and galleys to strengthen our navy and protect our interests on the seas. Our turn is dedicated to economy in both our nation and our vassals. Wallis is declared a vassal of our nation, and we continue influencing them.
 * Novgorod: We continue the production of ships, cannons, muskets, advanced crossbows, swords, and composite bows, increasing our military capabilities in case of war. The nation’s training and advancement of military continues. The recent classes of Koch ships are being manufactured in Novgorod. The town of St Patriksburg’s population grows a bit more that last year. As the construction of the town improves, the Kremlin finishes, trade becoming more in demand, the town gains slightly. Because of the trade road built with Tver our economy increases. After seeing a great success with the private schools in the cities of Novgorod, St Patriksburg, Staraya Russa, and Nizhny Novgorod. We start building another private school in Rostov and Yaroslavl. We complete building private schools in Torzhok and a private school in Staraya Ladoga. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Tver: We complete the construction of the private school in Tver and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Yaroslavl, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Yaroslavl: We complete the construction of the private school in Yaroslavl and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Rostov: We completed the construction of the private school in Rostov and start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Yaroslavl, Muscovy. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Karelia: We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to economy. As fur traders and hunters begin to move into Karelia, the land becomes more settled. We are pleased that peaceful terms have been met between us and Scandinavia, and we hope to improve relations in the future.
 * Austria: This turn in both our nation and in all our vassals is dedicated to economy. We train and expand our military using new experience from recent wars, and grow our nation economically. In Morocco our position in Melilla is fortified. All fortifications around the region are rebuilt and manned by stationed guards in case of an attack. To protect Melilla the construction of a fortress outside the city is considered, although postponed for now. The port of Melilla is rebuilt to begin operation as a trade port and military outpost. Construction continues on a shipyard in the Melilla port to facilitate the construction and repair of friendly ships. Melilla is granted a permanent naval garrison in the city’s port. to respond to dangers in the area, and to support the small garrison on land which mans the fortifications. Our position in Morocco is fortified by re-inforcements, bringing Melilla operational against attacks. For now a small fleet is stationed in its harbor, while its garrison continues to hold the north and its supply lines, supporting our Christian brethren. With much of the Muslim population of Melilla left dead after the war against Morocco, the local government attempts to entice settlers by offering large quantities of land to Christian settlers. Many Europeans, particularly of German descent and/or from central Europe begin settling the area around Melilla. With finances from Augsburg-based banking establishments, the Trieste Company continues to launch expeditions to West Africa. Abrechtburg has grown to a decently sized settlement, supporting a population of farmers, traders, and a small garrison of soldiers. The town also houses a well furbished fort, armed with a small amount of cannons intended to defend the settlement and the harbor from any attack. Built out of necessity, the port at Abrechtburg is refurbished and expanded to support more trade ships, and allied countries are welcomed to trade and stay in the town. The second largest settlement in Westenland, Dominusburg, follows suit, finishing the construction of a port similar to Abrechtburg‘s. Trade posts continue to be built and exploited, now numbering several dozen along the coast of Westenland and into allied territory. Our reliance on the Wolof becomes less so, but we sign a trade agreement with their nation to continue our positive relationship. Deals are made with the Wolof for slaves and other goods. Conversion of the natives begin around the settlement. Several bimereiches and caravels begin construction in Trieste, Melilla, Corfu, and other ports,  to further facilitate and protect overseas trade. Trade is increased with the Grand Duchy of Bavaria and other trade partners, bringing about new avenues of trade and commerce. Expeditions to the New World continue to increase trade with Spanish possessions, establishing a trade route between Westenland and colonies in the Yucatan. Trade posts in the Caribbean are expanded and grow as they become more frequently visited.
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Bavaria expands its economy. The population continues to rise. Grand Duke Franz-Albert and his council continues to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with twenty-five very large cogs being finished. We begin using an established trade route, with important stops in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany, due to a longstanding trade deal. Continuing in 1518, Franz-Albert commissions six cogs to sail around western Mediterranean coasts. The market center in Landshut continues to attract Bavarian and Venetian traders. In religious news, around 76% of the country adheres to the Western Church. Most adherents live around Munchen and Landshut. In other news, Bavaria continues implementing the Alliance and Merchant Act as well as the Militia and Navy Act. The Bavarian Court continues hosting a largely Venetian composition. However, many Bavarian families have intermingled with the Venetians, creating a distinct social class and gentry. In national news, the common courts continue to be implemented around Bavaria as several of the lower class make use it of. The serf laws begin to be used as well. Skeptics who theorized that the serf laws would mark no profound change in society begin to be proven wrong. In 1518, as many as two hundred serfs sue for their freedom. Franz-Albert begins to ponder a law that would fully abolish serfdom, seeing how it has more or less deteriorated in Bavaria. The wild unpopularity of these laws begin to wear off as well. Franz-Albert further incorporates the Collegiate Writs, allowing many more lower class men to enter college. In legal news, Franz-Albert continues implementing the Bavarian Commands. The war with Hesse has been ended, with Bavaria annexing a small section of Bremen to use as a port. Franz-Albert propositions the Hamburger Grand Duke for a land exchange. See here: Bremen Purchase
 * Munchen: By 1518, the total class of Queen Isabell University amounts to about 4500 men. Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. The Collegiate Writs begin to draw more men to college.
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Wurzburg: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. A religious change begins occurring in Wurzburg upon the ascension of Franz-Albert, where many more Western Christians begin inhabiting the bishopric. The clergy begins being alarmed and they fear displacement. An envoy dispatched by Franz-Albert attempts to quell their fears.
 * Thuringia: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert and Count Regent Vittorio continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Countess Elisabeth normalizes taxes in an effort to subset any rebellion.
 * Saxony: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert and Count Regent Vittorio continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Countess Elisabeth normalizes taxes in an effort to subset any rebellion.
 * Hamburger Dip: the Bavarian request will be considered.
 * Zapoteca: Zapotecan troops rally with their Spanish allies, and begin a campaign into Aztec territory. The Spanish aid is greatly appreciated. The Emperor continues financing Spanish settlers to come to the kingdom and marry into the population. Trade increases and continues with the Spanish. Tlaco II expands roadways connecting cities in the alliance to help merchants and soldiers move freer between them. The military, which had been outdated for many years, continues to be upgraded. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. In the coastal regions under Danibaan's influence, more boats are created. Tlaco II orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Itzapam continues prospering under Zapotecan rule, improving their economy immensely.

1519
'''In the lands of the Biripi (around otl Port Macquarie), Tharawal eel-farming and tuber-cultivation practices begin to be adopted. Bows and arrows also come into more general use alongside the hunting boomerang. '''


 * Portugal: Continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Lenhame. By this time, the colony in Lenhame starts to export wheat to Portugal. Meanwhile, trade intensifies in the African coast. The Açores continue to be settled. Meanwhile, the naus continue to be used. Naval explorations directed to the west continue, after news that new lands may have been found there. Meanwhile, Santa Cruz expands north by 1000 sq km. Meanwhile, pau-brasil (brazilwood) starts to be extracted in the colony. Meanwhile, sugarcane, that was already present in the Açores, begins to be planted in Santa Cruz. Meanwhile, the colony of São Sebastião expands 1000 sq km.
 * |onte continues to have a large surplus of grain. Though adopting "western farming", the idea of "the tribe" is still very much so alive, as people always share the crops they have grown, or the animals they have hunted amongst the community. Due to the policy of planting tree groves, desert reclaimation has started taking effect in some parts of |onte. Throughout the year, Mon's children go elephant hunting, though it is very dangerous, as they are hunting them with arquebuses, and the whole process requires much co-ordination. However, the results are said to be spectacular, as the tribe gains new wealth in the collected ivory, and the elephant meat is considered a rarity. The season resulted in twenty elephants being killed, an increase due to the recently build elephant pen. |onte is rich with money made from elephant hunting, as they have nothing to spend the money on. Mon II begins teaching children in the vicinity of the Kunene how to read, causing great interest amongst children of these strange characters, that give them a new form to play. Most of the recent generation can read, however, only a few can write. Mon II continues the project that will be his life's work: the Kunene library. Debarubo consolidates recently acquired territory. |onte's population rises to over 12,000. There is a population centre that is beginning to appear around the mouth of the Kunene, and is simply referred to as Kunene. The Eheresito hu Kunene increases to 200 men, and admissions are cut, in order to make the army elite. They are required to know how to read and write. The army has been furnished with cannons acquired by trade with the Dutch. Mon III builds semi-temporary sleeping loges in the north, where they can rest over night. Mon III feels this is an efficient way to expand northward.
 * The Kingdoms of Great Albion (Scotland and England) - member nation of the UKGA: Many ships are modernized and replaced to keep the Royal Albion Navy a powerful force on the high seas. Port Edmundburg continues to experience a growth in population. Albionic settlers continue to explore the surrounding areas. The dialect of English originally found in Scotland and the Eire grows so large that it covers most of the North of England. This new dialect is called Bythigish (portmanteau of Brython and English). English nobles begin to enjoy the Celtic myths of Eire and Scotland. The Templar Order continues to undercut the King's enemies and seeks ways to privately grow the power of the King and Albion as a whole. The Order buys up many smaller businesses and collectivizes some farms. The Order begins to expand into other areas of Europe, seeking to grow understanding as well as pushing Albionic ideals. Albion continues to explore farther west and south. A clockmaker from Cambridge becomes popular for his accurate timepieces and the exquisite wood housing. He creates a chime for the St Mary's Cathedral, the chimes are called the Cambridge Chimes (OTL Westminster Quarters aka Big Ben's chime). The Chimes become so popular, other clock-makers incorporate the chimes into their clocks. The Crown Dominion of Hamburg does well this year, as an influx of trade begins to repair the wounds of several wars. The English Renaissance is born when several painters in London show off some impressive works. Trade with the Mughal Empire begins to boom. The "Sweating Sickness" is observed by medical doctors and is watched closely, though no real fear of the disease is present. Princess Jacqueline travels to Oldenburg on diplomatic mission to improve relations.
 * Calais: Military and navy are expanded.
 * Dublin: Dublin undergoes another remodel and expansion to the ports due to the massive influx of trade from Castile and Venice as well as an increased Eire trade.
 * Scotland: Expands navy and military. Pan Albion sentiments grow, Trade increases. Whiskey is traded down to central Albion.
 * Wales: Wales expands its military and navy. Cardiff becomes a large centre of trade for Wales. The Welsh appoint Adam Cyrdger as Royal Minister. The first sessions of parliament are held. Wales does not see as large a population boom as Albion or Scotland, but a minor one, centered around Cardiff and Swansea, does occur.
 * Port Edmundburg expands by 1000 sq km east. The African colonists begin looking toward mining and other ventures to generate profit.
 * New Cambridgeshire: New Cambridgeshire expands by 1000 sq km west. Colonists begin to explore around the region and begin to have a large fishing boom. The Port of New Rotham is expanded to handle excess ships from Albion and other European nations and is renamed by popular vote as New Oxford. The people of New Oxford also begin an attempt to gain knowledge of farming in Borealia from Native Peoples.
 * Natigosteg L'nu dip: We request to purchase a printing press, medicines and potatoes.
 * Prussia: The Prussians begin to develop their military. The Prussians continue to build their new navy. Prussia continues to Germanize their ethnic minorities.
 * Courland: The Curonians also continue developing their military.
 * Estland: Ossel-Wiek also continues developing their military. Duke Franz continues to reshape the face of Arensburg.
 * Caliphate of Mecca: We declare that we do not want to be Yemen's and we start building strong defensive walls along the whole border between Yemen's. We ask Safavid, our great ally, for help. We also ask Medina, Oman and Arabs to ally and also help us. We ask an alliance with them and declare that if we don't ally now, Yemen might attack anyone after attacking us. We declare that we are not afraid of the Christians and say that we have our own defensives in our country. We declare to Yemen that we will not be theres' and if they want war, we will also declare one no matter if its us losing. We continue to trade wth Safavavid and ask other countries to trade and mostly, ally with us agianst Yemen. We are continuing to build the walls on our border between Yemen. Trenches are being dug too. We continue to ask Safavids empire's gun's blueprints as we believe, their kind of guns is more developed and handy than ours.  We sent out three-fourths of our country's best trained and fed soldiers to the border of Yemen and Mecca. We also move cannons and many other supplies for the soldiers. We declare that we are ready for war with Yemen.
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Bavaria expands its economy. The population continues to rise. Grand Duke Franz-Albert and his council continues to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with twenty-five very large cogs being finished. We begin using an established trade route, with important stops in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany, due to a longstanding trade deal. Continuing in 1519, Franz-Albert commissions six cogs to sail around western Mediterranean coasts. The market center in Landshut continues to attract Bavarian and Venetian traders. In religious news, around 76% of the country adheres to the Western Church. Most adherents live around Munchen and Landshut. In other news, Bavaria continues implementing the Alliance and Merchant Act as well as the Militia and Navy Act. The Bavarian Court continues hosting a largely Venetian composition. However, many Bavarian families have intermingled with the Venetians, creating a distinct social class and gentry. In national news, the common courts continue to be implemented around Bavaria as several of the lower class make use it of. The serf laws begin to be used as well. Skeptics who theorized that the serf laws would mark no profound change in society begin to be proven wrong. In 1519, as many as three hundred serfs sue for their freedom. Franz-Albert begins to ponder a law that would fully abolish serfdom, seeing how it has more or less deteriorated in Bavaria. The wild unpopularity of these laws begin to wear off as well. Franz-Albert further incorporates the Collegiate Writs, allowing many more lower class men to enter college. In legal news, Franz-Albert continues implementing the Bavarian Commands. The war with Hesse has been ended, with Bavaria annexing a small section of Bremen to use as a port. Franz-Albert propositions the Hamburger Grand Duke for a land exchange. See here: Bremen Purchase. In other news, Prince Heinrich and Princess Wilhemina have their first child, a daughter who is named Catherine, (in German, Katharina).


 * Munchen: By 1519, the total class of Queen Isabell University amounts to about 4500 men. Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. The Collegiate Writs begin to draw more men to college.
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Wurzburg: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. A religious change begins occurring in Wurzburg upon the ascension of Franz-Albert, where many more Western Christians begin inhabiting the bishopric. The clergy begins being alarmed and they fear displacement. An envoy dispatched by Franz-Albert attempts to quell their fears.
 * Thuringia: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert and Count Regent Vittorio continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Countess Elisabeth normalizes taxes in an effort to subset any rebellion.
 * Saxony: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert and Count Regent Vittorio continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Countess Elisabeth normalizes taxes in an effort to subset any rebellion.
 * Bremen Port: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Several plans for ship-building begin.
 * Scandinavian Empire: The colony of Vinland on Manhattan Island expands by 500 sq km. In the meantime, the military is expanded, especially the Seventh Fleet.
 * Finland: The military is expanded. We expand northward by 3500 sq km.
 * Iceland: The military is expanded
 * Schleswig: The military is expanded.
 * County of Oldenburg: Military is built up. Young Prince Dietrich turns seventeen. More fisher-families emigrate to Greenland.
 * Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: The episcopal militia is built up after many years of neglect.
 * Natigosteg L'nu: The nation is struck by disease yet again. A alrge portion of the population, especially in Natigosteg, are killed or infected. The island is placed under quarantine even as thousands flee to Labrador and the northern colonies. The nation expands by 2000 km as these refugees settle on the mainland. Another two years are needed before ocean-crossing cargo ships are expected to be complete. Aksimiki and Ungava also expand by 1000 km each. They begin negotiating to resettle the Ungava Cree in Aksimiki under subordination to the L'nu. This process is expected to take three years. (basically vassalage). Mods, is this vassalage allowed? 
 * Safavid Empire: We build up our military and navy. Port cities are being rebuilt. More ships are being made for our navy. Our own version of guns are being made. Farming is becoming one of the most important industries, besides blacksmithy, trading and fishing. Guns are now mass produced in our country. We continue to make more woodblock printing presses for our libraries. Prototype cannons at three feet long are continuing to be made. A trade route from our home country to Oirat is mapped out. People are now trading with each other on this trade route. Foreign exchange banks are becoming popular in our country due to the ETA (Eurasian Trade Agreement). Trade has increased due to the ETA. A new art form is continuing to be drawn. It is a mix of Safavid, Oirat and Mughal art. Our art is continuing to be popular with all of the nation around us. We vassalize Khanate of Khiva. Trade goes well with the Dutch merchants. All slaves that come from the Oyo nation are continuing to be converted to Shiite Islam. We continue to trade with the Roman Empire. Trade routes to Caliphate of Mecca are continuing to be drawn on maps.
 * Khanate of Khiva: We improve our relations with the Safavid empire. We build up our military and navy. Trade routes are continuing to be map into the Safavid empire.
 * Fusahito Theocracy: In response to continued attacks on trade caravans by the native Jurchens in the Manchurian colony and the damage this causes to trade, the military are mobilised to quell opposition, with orders  to kill every third man over the age of sixteen in native settlements. In addition to this, the building of outposts is continued throughout the colony at intervals of around thirty miles to tie together the land under Fusahito rule. Although the brutality of these measures are opposed by some in the Emperor's court, these fears cannot be expressed publically due to the divine status of the Emperor. Also, the destruction of a large amount of the male population has a two-fold benefit, with the spirit of the raiders entirely crushed and more land available for newly emancipated slaves to farm. Econ turn. In the meantime, the Emperor continues to provide financial and economic support to the Hosokawa Clan and the Japanese islands to the North which have thrown off the yoke of Chinese dominance. These measures continue to draw these Japanese patriots closer to the Theocracy. (Year Twelve of Sixteen).
 * Castile:  The Colony of New Spain (Buenos aires is just a city now) expands by (10 px) up the coast and establishes a captaincy farther south (10 px). The Castilian populace reaches about 10.1 million and growing. The Kingdom itself begins to expand its armed forces to nearly 80,000 and sends more military ships to Monaco to protect it from any aggression. The Castilian forces begin training exercizes. The Navy also begins to make serious advances in technology and armed attack formations along with its pushes out into the wide seas. The Colony of Buenos Aires reaches a population of about 65,000 and growing with the more families and women showing up. Castilian exploration ships begin exploring south to check out farther down the coast and look for the southern edge of the continent. Charles of Castile who had gone to the New World becomes governor of the Buenos Aires Colony. The Castilians declare war on the Aztecs and bring along their multiple allies helping them if needed. Castile officially accepts the transfer of Cyprus to Rome for allowed access for trade in the islands ports, Roman payment of the troops way home, and the signing of an alliance between Castile and Rome. Castile unwilling to let Aztec aggression go unanswered spends directly from the Treasury sending nearly 5000 troops in order to show the Natives the power of the Spanish Empire. and directly recruits another 10,000 natives from Zapotec, Maya and tribal opportunists in order to march against the Aztecs. The Arrival of a Spanish fleet devastates the Aztec fleet and fights in Zapotecs northern areas marching is large army to fight the Aztecs directly bringing horses and other weapons the Aztecs will not have encountered before. 10,000 troops are sent to Venezia. The large area seized as part of colonial efforts in Hesperia known as buenos aires is renamed New Spain in honor of the great nations which occupy the peninsula and the majority of them being ruled under the Spanish crown.


 * ​ Kingdom of Aragon:  With Castilian assistance various infrastructural areas are rebuilt and the military is expanded to a token force of 10,000. Along with this support the Aragonian economy recovers slowly with a slow but controlled influx of Castilian economic aid helping Aragon recover. The ruling magistrate over Aragon signs a landmark trade deal with Castile which allows for Aragon's usage of Castile's large amounts of trade posts down the coast of Africa. The Aragonians now in control of the Spanish South African trading company fund the creation of the expansion of the Trade outpost into a formal colony to be settled much like Morocco and Granada were by Castile. The Colony of Cape Ferdinand expands 10 px up the coast and expands the captaincy down the coast now covering the mouth of the Orange River on the coast (5 px). It's mostly populated by Castilians who are the main people moving to the colonies. Aragons population finally becomes majority Spanish speaking after nearly two new generations have been raised speaking it. The Aragonians along with their Castilian allies declare war on the Aztecs providing nearly 500 troops
 * Kingdom of Morocco:  The country begins the construction of various canals and cultivates trees farther inland to help increase arable farmland. The Moroccan economy continue to expand with greater trade coming from Castile and the Canaries all the way down to Capo Verde increasing the relative wealth. The Kingdom with many canals having been completed has vastly expanded its farmland among other things. Morocco's total population reaches one million with Christianity becoming dominant in the area. Calne-Vicuna is finished and is opened as a center for Christianity in North Africa with a library said to rival old Alexandria's. The Moroccan Assassins Guild forms and spreads keeping the peace and killing the corrupt as well as making Morocco much more peaceful for Castilian Rule. The Kingdom of Morocco officially enters into a personal union with Castile following the magistrates and princes deeming it unnecessary for the King to not have full control in the country. The Magistrates, however, are fully re-instated to continue as they were just under direction of the monarch of Castile. The Magistrates in order to show their loyalty to their Queen and in order to be given a higher standing within the Spanish empire declare war on the Aztecs and provide troops numbering 1000 to the Spanish war.
 * Kongo:  The Kingdom begins to work toward a trade and production economy focusing on helping provide resources for Castile's burgeoning West African trade network. The King of the Kongo converting to Christianity and being baptised begins to call for the expansion of ports to the best of the Kongolese architects' abilities. With the King also adopts the name John, in favor of the king who began these exploratory operations down the coast of Africa. The King also organized a band of Christian soldiers who help keep the peace and also begin to help with conversions to Christianity as a series of missionaries and high level priests from the Western Church have come on a ship hearing of many pagans and heretics to convert. The King makes multiple successful campaigns against various of the petty kings in Kongo killing two of them and leaving the third on the run. The Christianization of multiple areas is completed and multiple others are begun. The Kingdom of the Kongo in an attempt to increase economic output and trade begins to export a moderate amount of raw materials to Castile and begins to push toward heavy exploitation methods if possible.
 * Mapuche:  With the defeat by the Spanish a royal governor is appointed by the Castilians. The governor immediately goes to work to prevent his workforce from being killed by disease and to prevent revolts and by immediately marching groups of about 1000 people to the colonial capital. These people are immediately transferred onto available ships and throughout the year are sent up the coast via Spanish ships to a location unknown to the Mapuche. The Mapuche also continue to see major issues from European contact are given orders to isolate themselves if they are sick to prevent further expansion of the disease. The governor also manages to gain a force of about 200 as a garrison. The Mapuche people begin to see the first mixed children between Spanish and Mapuche people. The Spanish institute the Ecomienda system. However, the Spanish governor, in order to keep control of the people, orders the Spanish heads of the system to treat the natives fairly in order to prevent mass deaths from overworking and resentment. Spanish farming techniques have definitely prevented starvation as the Mapuche continue to expand toward the coast building a road to connect it all. The Spanish governor, also using the local Mapuche as scouts, is able to expand much more than the Buenos Aires colony and uses this to his advantage to secure more land to be able to turn over to Spanish settlers. The Royal Governor expands the territory by 1000 sq km
 * Maya:  With the outright collapse of the Mayan government complete the Spanish institute a royal governor who assumes command of the troops. The Mayan armed forces have been all but wiped out and the Spanish along with their native auxiliaries begin the absolute wipe out of their armed forces and securing of multiple cities and settlements. Many of the villages are left completely ransacked. However, an insightful priest says that destroying the cities will result in long term resentment that could never be repaired and instead they should be made Spanish-Maya hybrid. The new Royal Governor seeing wisdom in this declares that the cities will not be ransacked and a moderate tribute of gold and silver is demanded by the Spanish. The 2000 troops remain in the Country and begin to establish areas along the coast suitable for Spanish settlement. The military and economy of the Maya under Spain is developed and roads are upgraded to Spanish standards. An expected expansion program is to be undertaken in the next few years. The Mayans provice 20,000 troops to the Spanish war against the Aztecs.
 * Kingdom of Venezia:  With the establishment of the Kingdom of Venezia following the previous war and with the loss of a large portion of the fleet the Venezian people seem to believe that much can be rebuilt through utilization of the dynamically rising Spanish empire for its own benefit. The businessmen and high level economists, bankers and multiple other fully knowledgeable individuals of Venezia remaining after the war go on a trip to Spain's vibrant trade cities and after careful negotiations many of these men take over one of Spain's newest rising trade companies, the Buenos Aires trade company, with some offices based out of the Buenos Aires colony in Hesperia. The Venezians, unable to select a king from their remaining nobles, delegate to the Queen of Spain (Castile and Aragon) who chooses a man named Antonio Lo Grato to rule as Prince of Venice in place of the Queen of Spain. A well acclaimed and respected man, he immediately enacts reforms. The Venezian economy with access to the Spanish economy begins to recover and for the first time in years due to this. The Venezians begins its long road to naval recovery and begins to use its vast knowledge to begin building ships not only for itself but acquires the blueprints to improve on Spanish ships to allow for sale back to the Queen. The Venezian military is also raised to a token force of about 10,000 due to its location but remains lightly armed and unable to project power or fight any unsupported offensives. The Prince of Venezia, Antonio, begins the drift toward Spanish culture in an attempt to assimilate to a much more favorable nation than Austria, or the Kingdom of Italy.
 * Yemen: We begin preparing for war, building cannons, battering rams, and other weapons of war. Troops are trained, and much of our military is expected to be ready for the coming war with Mecca. We request trade with Oman, and begin building roads to connect Yemen. A massive army is deployed for war, and is ordered to attack Mecca, launching a massive invasion.
 * Vorlayacor:  The disease has a lessened effect this year, allowing for the road system to be completed; it will be expanded as the nation expands.  General society experiences an increasing prejudice against Spainbanes for abandoning the native religion for that of the conquerors.  Work on ships continues. Next year, we will send a ship to visit Buenos Aires on official business; many people are angry at the government for continuing to work closely with Spain, and a movement begins to declare independence now.  Privately, Jarvan feels the same way, but he knows that in order to maintain the rate of progress Vorlayacor has experienced, the nation must continue to work with the Spanish.  Our north and east borders expand by three pixels.
 * Grand Duchy of Hamburg-Mecklenburg: the military grows. A general in the army is convinced that firearms are the way of the future, and pushes for use of them. But his requests are mostly rejected. Ships designs are improved, and the navy grows to 125 ships. The government funded westward voyage sails down the east coast of the new landmass, steering clear of Scandinavia's colony. They discover a natural harbor, upon setting foot on the land, they raise the ducal flag and declare the area "Neue Hamburg" (otl Charleston). The crew debates leaving a group to establish an outpost, but decides against it, citing lack of supplies. The expedition turns around and begins sailing back north. In diplomatic news, Friedrich II regretfully decides to decline Bavaria's land purchase out of concern of selling off such a large swath of Hamburg's territory, but leaves the door open for future consideration. He immediately offers compensation in the form of free passage between the port and Bavaria proper. Friedrich II continues searching for a wife.
 * Magdeburg: military and economy expanded.
 * Bremen: military and economy expanded.
 * Bruchhausen: military and economy expanded
 * Neue Lüneburg: military expanded.
 * Williamsburg: military expanded.
 * Tawatinsuyu: Military improves with modernization aid from Spain. Peru continues to grow, as the city boasts about 7000 inhabitants. Cuzco continues to be targeted by Anti-Spain riots. Healthy population hits about 860,000, while the immune population conitinues to rise. The merging of western medical practices and the studies done by the Inca have allowed for greater advancments in the medical field, allowing the Inca to increase surviablity rate of the plague slightly. The adoption of Western technology, particularly swords and guns, continues, allowing for greater use of the army. We ask Vorlayacor for an alliance due to our mutual ally, Castile.
 * Vorlayacoran Diplomacy:  We would be delighted to form a formal alliance with a fellow Hesperian nation.  We look forward to working and trading together.
 * Rumania: Stephen, now 44, continues to work on improving the economy; Iron, salt and coal mines dot the landscape. Coal is produced for metalworking and heating. These mines provide the resources required by the foundries and traders on the coast. The growing mines require more processing facilities, which spur more development along the coast. More large shipyards open and the lumber industry continues to expand to supply the shipbuilders. Leverlock muskets continue to become a major export and required resources drive a booming mining industry. The Danube becomes a highway of commerce, hundreds of barges travel up and down its length transporting people, materials, goods, and ideas. The spread of better sanitation systems, first introduced to Constanta by the Romans, causes a slow increase in the average lifespan. As much as 9% of the nation has reached basic literacy, and the Moralists promote education of commoners by priests, in order to give everyone the opportunity to read the bible. Education among the elite is becoming almost mandatory. Constantius, now 20 and his brother Radu, now 19, begin to help their father rule the nation.
 * The Consulate of Bulgaria: The economy continues to grow. The printing press spreads south into Bulgaria just as in Rumania. Ties with Rumania are strengthened; hundreds of Romanians move into the country, seeking cheap and productive land, and inter-marriage becomes very common. Bulgarians also begin to migrating to trade towns in Romania to seek more economic opportunities. Bulgarian populations in Rumania now represent a large minority, and the same can be said about Romanians in Bulgaria.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire continues to expand its trade, and Roman trade ships travel across the world to gather wealth for the rest of Europe and the Empire. The production of leverlocks continues, and wheelocks continue to be seen as a feature of the upper class of nobility. More galleasses are constructed in the shipyards of Constantinople, and the shipyards of Athens and Thessalonica continue to be constructed. The agreements regarding Cyprus are agreed with Spain and enter into force.
 * ​Albania: The nation decides to purchase a few leverlocks from the Romans and begin building a few itself after a few months of inspection and Roman designs.
 * Ragusa: The republic begins to construct a better shipyard as well as beginning to construct its own carros rather than rely on Venetian surplus or Roman models. Trade continues to pour wealth into the republic thanks to trade with India and the far east along with exports of native goods like silver, wax and timber.
 * Cyprus: The kingdom enters into the Roman sphere of control for the first time in centuries. As such, the native Greek people celebrate while the nobles are slightly less receptive. As a goodwill gesture, the city of Famagusta is turned over to the kingdom as long as it remains loyal. The Cypriot army, numbering 10,000, is considered a threat by the Roman authorities until it is proven loyal. As such, 10,000 Roman troops are sent to help maintain order.
 * Lombardy: Work continues on the Certosa di Pavia, the Castle Visconteo, and on the extensive Milan Cathedral. We continue training a proper standing army, utilizing Swiss mercenaries and local recruits. With border disputes now settled between the nations of Austria and Switzerland, we continue opening friendly relations with both nations in hopes of repairing our diplomatic relations and protecting our northern border. We continue constructing cogs and galleys to strengthen our navy and protect our interests on the seas. Our turn is dedicated to military in both our nation and our vassals. Wallis is declared a vassal of our nation, and we continue influencing them.
 * Novgorod: We continue the production of ships, cannons, muskets, advanced crossbows, swords, and composite bows, increasing our military capabilities in case of war. The nation’s training and advancement of military continues. The recent classes of Koch ships are being manufactured in Novgorod. The town of St Patriksburg’s population grows a bit more that last year. As the construction of the town improves, the Kremlin finishes, trade becoming more in demand, the town gains slightly. Because of the trade road built with Tver our economy increases. After seeing a great success with the private schools in the cities of Novgorod, St Patriksburg, Staraya Russa, and Nizhny Novgorod. We start building another private school in Rostov and Yaroslavl. We complete building private schools in Torzhok and a private school in Staraya Ladoga. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Tver: We complete the construction of the private school in Tver and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Yaroslavl, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Yaroslavl: We complete the construction of the private school in Yaroslavl and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Rostov: We completed the construction of the private school in Rostov and start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Yaroslavl, Muscovy. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Karelia: We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to military. As fur traders and hunters begin to move into Karelia, the land becomes more settled. We are pleased that peaceful terms have been met between us and Scandinavia, and we hope to improve relations in the future.
 * Austria: This turn in both our nation and in all our vassals is dedicated to military. We train and expand our military using new experience from recent wars, and grow our nation economically. In Morocco our position in Melilla is fortified. All fortifications around the region are rebuilt and manned by stationed guards in case of an attack. To protect Melilla the construction of a fortress outside the city is considered, although postponed for now. The port of Melilla is rebuilt to begin operation as a trade port and military outpost. Construction continues on a shipyard in the Melilla port to facilitate the construction and repair of friendly ships. Melilla is granted a permanent naval garrison in the city’s port. to respond to dangers in the area, and to support the small garrison on land which mans the fortifications. Our position in Morocco is fortified by re-inforcements, bringing Melilla operational against attacks. For now a small fleet is stationed in its harbor, while its garrison continues to hold the north and its supply lines, supporting our Christian brethren. With much of the Muslim population of Melilla left dead after the war against Morocco, the local government attempts to entice settlers by offering large quantities of land to Christian settlers. Many Europeans, particularly of German descent and/or from central Europe begin settling the area around Melilla. With finances from Augsburg-based banking establishments, the Trieste Company continues to launch expeditions to West Africa. Abrechtburg has grown to a decently sized settlement, supporting a population of farmers, traders, and a small garrison of soldiers. The town also houses a well furbished fort, armed with a small amount of cannons intended to defend the settlement and the harbor from any attack. Built out of necessity, the port at Abrechtburg is refurbished and expanded to support more trade ships, and allied countries are welcomed to trade and stay in the town. The second largest settlement in Westenland, Dominusburg, follows suit, finishing the construction of a port similar to Abrechtburg‘s. Trade posts continue to be built and exploited, now numbering several dozen along the coast of Westenland and into allied territory. Our reliance on the Wolof becomes less so, but we sign a trade agreement with their nation to continue our positive relationship. Deals are made with the Wolof for slaves and other goods. Conversion of the natives begin around the settlement. Several bimereiches and caravels begin construction in Trieste, Melilla, Corfu, and other ports,  to further facilitate and protect overseas trade. Trade is increased with the Grand Duchy of Bavaria and other trade partners, bringing about new avenues of trade and commerce. Expeditions to the New World continue to increase trade with Spanish possessions, establishing a trade route between Westenland and colonies in the Yucatan. Trade posts in the Caribbean are expanded and grow as they become more frequently visited.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 1000 sq km each settlement. The colonies continue growing as expected. The navy begins a huge update in order to establish a stronger control over over seas territories such as the colonies and to have further control over Africa. while this the king seeks for the French influence to grow in unexpected territories.
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy are built up.
 * Sardinia: Military and economy are built up.
 * Basel: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aargau: Military and economy are built up. The French presence begins to be felt. However, the attempts to establish a pro-Germanic government in order to avoid eventual uprisings, internal vassalization begins as well to fully convince German leadership.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up.
 * Trier: Military and economy are built up.
 * Julich: Military and economy are built up.
 * Zweibrucken: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aurienne: Military and economy are built up. The nation expands both west and east toward the colonies of the French.
 * Guaxirenne: the country expands southward and military and economy are built up
 * Posting for Sine as he is on his phone Rcchang (talk)
 * Zapoteca: Zapotecan troops rally with their Spanish allies, and begin a campaign into Aztec territory. The Spanish aid is greatly appreciated. The Emperor continues financing Spanish settlers to come to the kingdom and marry into the population. Trade increases and continues with the Spanish. Tlaco II expands roadways connecting cities in the alliance to help merchants and soldiers move freer between them. The military, which had been outdated for many years, continues to be upgraded. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. In the coastal regions under Danibaan's influence, more boats are created. Tlaco II orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Itzapam continues prospering under Zapotecan rule, improving their economy immensely.

1520
'''Sigismund Szczuka, a member of the polish szlachta, unites several Polish nobles and burghers behind their banner. His goal is to keep Poland independent from any and all foreign powers. Soon, the northern half of the nation falls to Polish soldiers. The newly declared nation begins defending its position against a possible Hungarian invasion. (Scores undoubled: Military: 10, Economy: 7, Infrastructure: 5.)  '''
 * Portugal: Continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Lenhame. By this time, the colony in Lenhame starts to export wheat to Portugal. Meanwhile, trade intensifies in the African coast. The Açores continue to be settled. Meanwhile, the naus continue to be used. Naval explorations directed to the west continue. Meanwhile, Santa Cruz expands north by 2000 sq km. Meanwhile, a village is founded in the extreme north of the colony, next to a bay called Bahia de Todos os Santos, named like that due to having been discovered in the 1st of November, in Vasco da Gama's 1498 expedition to discover new lands south of Santa Cruz.the village is called "São Salvador da Bahia de Todos os Santos." Meanwhile, sugarcane, which is already cultivated in the Açores, is introduced in Santa Cruz. Meanwhile, pau-brasil (brazilwood) starts to be extracted in the colony. Meanwhile, sugarcane, that was already present in the Açores, begins to be planted in Santa Cruz. Meanwhile, the colony of São Sebastião expands 2000 sq km. Meanwhile, Teresa de Leiva gives birth to a boy, who is named Garcia.
 * |onte continues to have a large surplus of grain. Though adopting "western farming", the idea of "the tribe" is still very much so alive, as people always share the crops they have grown, or the animals they have hunted amongst the community. Due to the policy of planting tree groves, desert reclaimation has started taking effect in some parts of |onte. Throughout the year, Mon's children go elephant hunting, though it is very dangerous, as they are hunting them with arquebuses, and the whole process requires much co-ordination. However, the results are said to be spectacular, as the tribe gains new wealth in the collected ivory, and the elephant meat is considered a rarity. The season resulted in twenty elephants being killed, an increase due to the recently build elephant pen. |onte is rich with money made from elephant hunting, as they have nothing to spend the money on. Mon II begins teaching children in the vicinity of the Kunene how to read, causing great interest amongst children of these strange characters, that give them a new form to play. Most of the recent generation can read, however, only a few can write. Mon II continues the project that will be his life's work: the Kunene library.  |onte's population rises to over 15,000. There is a population centre that is beginning to appear around the mouth of the Kunene, and is simply referred to as Kunene. With the new Eheresito hu Kunene, Mon III accompanies his father Debarubo in  expanding 500 sq km northward (10 pixels) along the coast. Trying to accomadate the new population, many of the women, who are kept alive, are migrated to the Kunene, greatly increasing the city's population, but also bringing in a high ratio of females to males. Many of the females, in break with tradition, are sold to Nikobara, in exchange for coconuts.
 * Prussia: The Prussians begin to develop their military. The Prussians continue to build their new navy. Prussia continues to Germanize their ethnic minorities.
 * Courland: The Curonians also continue developing their military.
 * Estland: Ossel-Wiek also continues developing their military. Duke Franz continues to reshape the face of Arensburg.
 * Castile:  The Castilian populace reaches about 10.1 million and growing. The Kingdom itself begins to expand its armed forces to nearly 80,000 and sends more military ships to Monaco to protect it from any aggression. The Castilian forces begin training exercizes. The Navy also begins to make serious advances in technology and armed attack formations along with its pushes out into the wide seas. The Colony of Buenos Aires reaches a population of about 85,000 and growing with the more families and women showing up. Castilian exploration ships begin exploring south to check out farther down the coast and look for the southern edge of the continent. Charles of Castile who had gone to the New World becomes governor of the Buenos Aires Colony. The Castilians declare war on the Aztecs and bring along their multiple allies helping them if needed. and directly recruits another 10,000 natives from Zapotec, Maya and tribal opportunists in order to march against the Aztecs. The Arrival of a Spanish fleet devastates the Aztec fleet and fights in Zapotecs northern areas marching is large army to fight the Aztecs directly bringing horses and other weapons the Aztecs will not have encountered before. 10,000 troops are sent to Venezia. The Spanish forces, now victorious over the Aztecs, see their investment in the troop amounts pay off nearly quadruple as the Aztecs pay a massive amount of silver which is shipped back along with 4000 of the Spanish troops with the other 1500 (some being Aragonian) refusing to leave and wishing to start a life in the newly acquired territory in the Aztec nation.  Some of the spoils of war are provided to Morocco and the total spoils are split between Castile and Aragon as they begin to see themselves as one kingdom and their funding is to be open and shared. Queen Alexis has another son named Carlos in honor of the great military leader Carlos uncle to Ferdinand of Castile all those years ago who as a strong and lively infant is deemed to be fitting for his namesake. He is scheduled to undergo the royal education system as well in order to prevent the death of one of his brothers from hindering the thrones of either nation. Seeing Italy grow weaker, Queen Alexis breaks off their useless alliance with Italy and claims the throne (to which Trastamara has a strong legitimate claim) with and an upswing of support from Castilian nobility and generals shows that they doubted her ability to rule effectively. However, with her demanding the Accords of Seville be signed by Austria and the claim to the throne of Italy and her territories, all doubt has been erased and public demonstrations showing support for the Queen's announcement of this claim has led to nearly all her doubters disappearing over night.  However, with no war declared by the Castilian side, the Spanish in Castile and Aragon are outraged at this declaration of war and make their own declaration of war and ask for its ally France to aid in this war and promises them Provence and Anjou and will also enter into negotiations into allowed France the northern portions of Peru, We also ask Milan due to our friendly relationship, to get involved and promise them some of the smaller Italian states in exchange for their assistance. We also offer Italian Albania to Rome and her Albanian vassal in an attempt to hit Italy from every side possible. The Spanish armies bring nearly 35,000 troops and siege cannons based on ships and brought onto land for the war.


 * Kingdom of Aragon:  With Castilian assistance various infrastructural areas are rebuilt and the military is expanded to a token force of 10,000. Along with this support the Aragonian economy recovers slowly with a slow but controlled influx of Castilian economic aid helping Aragon recover. The ruling magistrate over Aragon signs a landmark trade deal with Castile which allows for Aragon's usage of Castile's large amounts of trade posts down the coast of Africa. The Aragonians now in control of the Spanish South African trading company fund the creation of the expansion of the Trade outpost into a formal colony to be settled much like Morocco and Granada were by Castile. The Colony of Cape Ferdinand expands 10 px up the coast and expands the captaincy down the coast now covering the mouth of the Orange River on the coast (5 px). It's mostly populated by Castilians who are the main people moving to the colonies. Aragons population finally becomes majority Spanish speaking after nearly two new generations have been raised speaking it. The Aragonians along with their Castilian allies declare war on the Italians providing 10,000 troops.
 * Kingdom of Morocco: The country begins the construction of various canals and cultivates trees farther inland to help increase arable farmland. The Moroccan economy continues to expand with greater trade coming from Castile and the Canaries all the way down to Capo Verde increasing the relative wealth. The Kingdom, with many canals having been completed, has vastly expanded its farmland among other things. Morocco's total population reaches one million with Christianity becoming dominant in the area. Calne-Vicuna is finished and is opened as a center for Christianity in North Africa with a library said to rival old Alexandria's. The Moroccan Assassins Guild forms and spreads keeping the peace and killing the corrupt as well as making Morocco much more peaceful for Castilian Rule. The Kingdom of Morocco officially enters into a personal union with Castile following the magistrates and princes deeming it unnecessary for the King to not have full control in the country. The Magistrates, however, are fully re-instated to continue as they were just under direction of the monarch of Castile. The Kingdom of Morocco eager to gain and even higher standing with the Spanish declare war on Italy and send 10,000 of its most experienced troops.
 * Kongo: The Kingdom begins to work toward a trade and production economy focusing on helping provide resources for Castile's burgeoning West African trade network. The King of the Kongo converting to Christianity and being baptised begins to call for the expansion of ports to the best of the Kongolese architects' abilities. The Kingdom of the Kongo in an attempt to increase economic output and trade begins to export a large amount of raw materials to Castile and begins to push toward heavy exploitation methods if possible. Kongo due to its backwardness in technology and administration puts itself in a protectorate/vassal situation in order to advance itself. The Kngolese population reaches about 850,000 and beginning to grow much more rapidly. The Kongolese are angered by Oyo intrusions on areas seen as Kongolese lands.
 * Mapuche: With the defeat by the Spanish a royal governor is appointed by the Castilians.  These people are immediately transferred onto available ships and throughout the year are sent up the coast via Spanish ships to a location unknown to the Mapuche. The Mapuche also continue to see major issues from European contact are given orders to isolate themselves if they are sick to prevent further expansion of the disease.  The Mapuche people begin to see the first mixed children between Spanish and Mapuche people. The Spanish institute the Ecomienda system. However, the Spanish governor, in order to keep control of the people, orders the Spanish heads of the system to treat the natives fairly in order to prevent mass deaths from overworking and resentment. Spanish farming techniques have definitely prevented starvation as the Mapuche continue to expand toward the coast building a road to connect it all. The Spanish governor, also using the local Mapuche as scouts, is able to expand much more than the Buenos Aires colony and uses this to his advantage to secure more land to be able to turn over to Spanish settlers. The Royal Governor ramps up expansion for some of the new plantation owners setting up expanding the the territory by 2500 sq km. The Mapuche Area begins to see a notable increase in Castilian settlers, mostly farmers who begin to build special areas to employ the Inca farming methods.
 * Morelia: The former Mayan kingdom is Renamed Morelia by the royal governor to reflect its new Spanish culture as thousands of settlers have settled in the major cities beginning to displace the remaining Mayans which have decreased almost 75% from their original population of two million leaving barely 500,000 Mayans left. An insightful priest says that destroying the cities will result in long term resentment that could never be repaired and instead they should be made Spanish-Maya hybrid. The new Royal Governor seeing wisdom in this declares that the cities will not be ransacked and a moderate tribute of gold and silver is demanded by the Spanish. The 2000 troops remain in the Country and begin to establish areas along the coast suitable for Spanish settlement. The military and economy of the Maya under Spain is developed and roads are upgraded to Spanish standards. The Spanish sponsor some colonists who wish to remove themselves from the remainder of the Indians and establish themselves on an island (OTL Havana) and name the island Cuba. (1000 sq km).
 * Kingdom of Venezia: With the establishment of the Kingdom of Venezia following the previous war and with the loss of a large portion of the fleet the Venezian people seem to believe that much can be rebuilt through utilization of the dynamically rising Spanish empire for its own benefit. The businessmen and high level economists, bankers and multiple other fully knowledgeable individuals of Venezia remaining after the war go on a trip to Spain's vibrant trade cities and after careful negotiations many of these men take over one of Spain's newest rising trade companies, the Buenos Aires trade company, with some offices based out of the Buenos Aires colony in Hesperia. The Venezians, unable to select a king from their remaining nobles, delegate to the Queen of Spain (Castile and Aragon) who chooses a man named Antonio Lo Grato to rule as Prince of Venice in place of the Queen of Spain. A well acclaimed and respected man, he immediately enacts reforms. The Venezian economy with access to the Spanish economy begins to recover and for the first time in years due to this. The Venezians begins its long road to naval recovery and begins to use its vast knowledge to begin building ships not only for itself but acquires the blueprints to improve on Spanish ships to allow for sale back to the Queen. The Venezian military is also raised to a token force of about 10,000 due to its location but remains lightly armed and unable to project power or fight any unsupported offensives. The Prince of Venezia, Antonio, begins the drift toward Spanish culture in an attempt to assimilate to a much more favorable nation than Austria, or the Kingdom of Italy.
 * Viceroyalty of New Spain: The Viceroyalty of new Spain is established with a massive amount of coastal territory secured begins to expand its major settlements seriously with Buenos Aires maintaining the most with nearly 20,000 people and growing. The Viceroy implements the first cattle ranches (they are not modern ranches) in order to expand the food supply of the large colony. The Spanish inhabitants of the colonies form their first militia under command of a Spanish officer which is trained only to fight off native attacks. The Colony specifically expands the areas around its main settlements by 10 px and extends its borders south by 10 px intending to reach the Straits of Torez (OTL Straits of Magellan). The viceroyalty seems extremely happy with the colonial status and support its received from Castile as well as the massive re-investment for the betterment of the colony giving a huge boost to the construction of a few forts and a road system. The first ships begin to arrive from Spain African colonies bringing goods and a few slaves. Many people seemed apalled by the idea of slavery but other more opportunists buy a few hundred and start up the first few plantations based around cocoa and tobacco.
 * County of Oldenburg: Hearing of Hamburg's expedition last year, Countess Adelheid recognises Hamburg's claims, partly as repayment for Hamburg's recognising of Oldenburg's claims in the North. Another hushed-up one-ship expedition is sent by the OHG to the Adelheid Sea (Hudson Bay) to look at the possibility of setting up fur trapping business there. OHG sealing and whaling, as well as independent fishing, off the Northern Atlantic territories continues to be aboon for the economy. In other news, Prince Dietrich turns eighteen and begins the search for a wife. He is quite attracted to the young Albionic princess-diplomat Jacqueline who arrived last year and who has become quite a fixture at court.
 * Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: Naught much happens in Osnabruck. The Episcopal Bank makes solid profits thanks to its investment in the new inns around Saint Andrew's.
 * Fusahito Theocracy: The building of military outposts in the Manchurian colony is completed, fully tying together the newly acquired land under Fusahito control. At the same time, the port of Tairikuku is fortified with walls and ramparts, a symbol of Fusahito strength in Eastern Asia. Mil turn. The brutal measures used to crush the rebelling Jurchens shows remarkable effectiveness, with their spirit completely broken and an end to all resistance to Japanese rule. In the meantime, the Emperor continues to provide financial and economic support to the Hosokawa Clan and the Japanese islands to the North which have thrown off the yoke of Chinese dominance. These measures continue to draw these Japanese patriots closer to the Theocracy. (Year Thirteen of Sixteen).
 * Marrikuwuyanga Empire: By now, mud bricks were utilized to build homes. The wheat surplus had steadily increased which had allowed the Marrikuwuyanga to increase their population. The Marrikuwuyanga continued their trade with the Dutch East Indian Company after the Supreme Council of Twelve had allowed the Dutch to create a trade outpost [1 px] at West Timor. The Marrikuwuyangan economy was steadily growing after the shock it had faced when the Ayutthaya faced rebellion. The Marrikuwuyangan economy was the strongest in the region and hundreds of men from other tribal states would migrate to Marrikuwuyanga annually to live in better conditions. The Marrikuwuyanga deported the 1000 Ayutthaya soldiers back to their homelands after the Emperor faced pressure from the Supreme Council of Twelve. The Marrikuwuyanga now produced muskets in large number, although training in using spears was still provided. Marrikuwuyanga expand 50 px along the eastern coast. The Emperor faced with the threat of Buddhism undermining his position, started mass conversions of Buddhists to Yadaism [Yadaism is a combination of Buddhism and the worship of Emperor Yada Gulpilil], and the Supreme Council openly declared that Ayutthaya and Buddhists were demons, not celestial beings the Marrikuwuyanga had previously considered them to be and the Buddhists were now persecuted.
 * Timor: The extensive work on developing Timor's navy and military had proved beneficial after the Dutch had started providing the Marrikuwuyanga with their warships for the Marrikuwuyanga to examine and build. The Marrikuwuyangan Emperor, Yada Gulpilil was worshipped by many natives and his power continued to increase over the tribes of Timor. Development of Timor's infrastructure had started with the aid of Dutch, and the construction of a major port for the Dutch to utilize too had started
 * Natigosteg L'nu: The quarantine of Natigosteg continues. Yaldan and the royal family move to Labrador, while the construction of the palace and library stops. Meanwhile, though, ocean-crossing ships are expected to be completed next year, to great excitement. Merchants are already eagerly replicating the designs in preparation to construct their own ships. Ungava and Aksimiki expand 1000 km each. The resettlement of the Ungava Cree in Aksimiki will be completed next year, when it is to be placed under the administration of Chakhun.
 * Safavid Empire: We build up our military and navy. Port cities are being rebuilt. More ships are being made for our navy. Our own version of guns are being made. Farming is becoming one of the most important industries, besides blacksmithy, trading and fishing. Guns are now mass produced in our country. We continue to make more woodblock printing presses for our libraries. Prototype cannons at three feet long are continuing to be made. A trade route from our home country to Oirat is mapped out. People are now trading with each other on this trade route. Foreign exchange banks are becoming popular in our country due to the ETA (Eurasian Trade Agreement). Trade has increased due to the ETA. A new art form is continuing to be drawn. It is a mix of Safavid, Oirat and Mughal art. Our art is continuing to be popular with all of the nation around us. Trade goes well with the Dutch merchants. All slaves that come from the Oyo nation are continuing to be converted to Shiite Islam. We continue to trade with the Roman Empire. Trade routes to Caliphate of Mecca are continuing to be drawn on maps. We declare war on the Shahdom of Verkana. The leader wants to unify all of Persia. Our military brings siege weapons to destroy the walls of their castle.
 * Khanate of Khiva: We improve our relations with the Safavid empire. We build up our military and navy. Trade routes are continuing to be map into the Safavid empire. We send troops to help out in the Safavid's war against Shahdom of Verkana.
 * Netherlands: William's reign goes into it's fourth year without any major issues. He and Charlotte have their second child another son. Karl van Nassau continues to live in Batavia, and begins making diplomatic trips to the different states of the Orient to promote multual relations, between the Netherlands and the states of the Orient. Dutch traders finally reach the legendary Chinese Empire (the portuguese made it there in 1513 otl). The Dutch traders request an audience with the Chinese Emperor to discuss possibilities of trade and opening relations. Karl begins to explore the different beliefs of the orient particularly Islam. He becomes infamous for taking on multiple lovers from both Dutch families and local girls. However, his administrative skills are undeniable, he is named the governer of Batavia. Karl also makes an inquiry if he may spend time in the royal court of Bengal. The Kingdom continues to prosper as trade and banking provide a massive influx of capital. The stocks of the East India Company continue to develop more and more as trade with the orient evolves and solidifies. Military and naval expansion continue. Dutch shipwrights start exploring new ship designs that will allow for greater mobility and firepower. More of the Roman firearms are produced by Wallon gunsmithies. Some revisions are made to the current tactics used by the Royal Army mainly due to the oppprtunities provided by this new firearm which proves to be superior in firing capacity and cheaper to produce. The arts and sciences continue to flourish and develop as the courts and universities of the Netherlands fund them due to the large amounts capital avaliable to the nation. The bourgoeisie and aristocracy continue to grow as does their wealth. The luxurious life style of the Netherlands continues to evolve. Great mansions, town houses and public works are built, such as the Theatre of Brussels and the Arts building of the University of Amsterdam. The major cities continue to grow and the architectural style of the buildings continue to change. Influence over Sunda and the rest of the East Indies continue to grow as Batavia grows in importance within the region following the collapse of the Thai Empire. The first Dutch building is finished in Batavia becoming the headquarters of the East India Company in the Orient. Exploration and trading in the New World continue a settlement near the Amazon River is built. However, it is ultimately abandoned by the end of the Year due to inadequate supplies and the climate. Wallon culture and the French language continue to influence the development of the national identity as French remains just as important as Dutch within political and academic circles.
 * The Kingdoms of Great Albion (Scotland and England) - member nation of the UKGA: Many ships are modernized and replaced to keep the Royal Albion Navy a powerful force on the high seas. Port Edmundburg continues to experience a growth in population. Albionic settlers continue to explore the surrounding areas. The dialect of English originally found in Scotland and the Eire grows so large that it covers most of the North of England. This new dialect is called Bythigish (portmanteau of Brython and English). English nobles begin to enjoy the Celtic myths of Eire and Scotland. The Templar Order continues to undercut the King's enemies and seeks ways to privately grow the power of the King and Albion as a whole. The Order buys up many smaller businesses and collectivizes some farms. The Order begins to expand into other areas of Europe, seeking to grow understanding as well as pushing Albionic ideals. Albion continues to explore farther west and south. A clockmaker from Cambridge becomes popular for his accurate timepieces and the exquisite wood housing. He creates a chime for the St Mary's Cathedral, the chimes are called the Cambridge Chimes (OTL Westminster Quarters aka Big Ben's chime). The Chimes become so popular, other clock-makers incorporate the chimes into their clocks. The Crown Dominion of Hamburg does well this year, as an influx of trade begins to repair the wounds of several wars. The English Renaissance is born when several painters in London show off some impressive works. Trade with the Mughal Empire begins to boom. The "Sweating Sickness" is observed by medical doctors and is watched closely, though no real fear of the disease is present. Princess Jacqueline travels to Oldenburg on diplomatic mission to improve relations. After having arrived, she hears of the prince and his interest in her, thinking it would be a prudent affair, the King of Albion offers Jacqueline's hand in marriage to Prince Deitrich.
 * Calais: Military and navy are expanded.
 * Dublin: Dublin undergoes another remodel and expansion to the ports due to the massive influx of trade from Castile and Venice as well as an increased Eire trade.
 * Scotland: Expands navy and military. Pan Albion sentiments grow, Trade increases. Whiskey is traded down to central Albion.
 * Wales: Wales expands its military and navy. Cardiff becomes a large centre of trade for Wales. The Welsh appoint Adam Cyrdger as Royal Minister. The first sessions of parliament are held. Wales does not see as large a population boom as Albion or Scotland, but a minor one, centered around Cardiff and Swansea, does occur.
 * Port Edmundburg expands by 1000 sq km east. The African colonists begin looking toward mining and other ventures to generate profit.
 * New Cambridgeshire: New Cambridgeshire expands by 1000 sq km west. Colonists begin to explore around the region and begin to have a large fishing boom. The Port of New Rotham is expanded to handle excess ships from Albion and other European nations and is renamed by popular vote as New Oxford. The people of New Oxford also begin an attempt to gain knowledge of farming in Borealia from Native Peoples.
 * Natigosteg L'nu dip: We request to purchase a printing press, medicines and potatoes.
 * Oldenburger Diplomacy: Countess Adelheid agrees wholeheartedly to the marriage, which will be held next year to allow time for adequate preparations.
 * Vorlayacor:  The sweating diseases flares up again, effectively halting any progress in the fledgling aquatic industry.  However, we do manage to send a ship to Buenos Aires, eliciting a sense of national pride in regard to the first real Vorlayacoran voyage.  Our northeastern borders expand to the limits of the Portugese colony.
 * Tawatinsuyu: Economy improves with trade from Spain. Peru continues to grow, as the city boasts about 8000 inhabitants, with developments allowing for larger populations. Cuzco continues to be targeted by Anti-Spain riots. Healthy population hits about 840,000, while the immune population conitinues to rise. The merging of western medical practices and the studies done by the Inca have allowed for greater advancments in the medical field, allowing the Inca to increase surviablity rate of the plague slightly. The adoption of Western technology, particularly swords and guns, continues, allowing for greater use of the army.
 * Yo bro, I already accepted ye offer in 1519, yo Vorlayacor and Tawatinsuyu are bros now, yo
 * Sine Copy posted for me in case I didn't get back in time. ~Edge
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 1000 sq km each settlement. The colonies continue growing as expected. The navy begins a huge update in order to establish a stronger control over over seas territories such as the colonies and to have further control over Africa. while this the king seeks for the French influence to grow in unexpected territories.the colony of Nouvelle Rouen is founded in the OTL Texas City.
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy are built up.
 * Sardinia: Military and economy are built up.
 * Basel: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aargau: Military and economy are built up. The French presence begins to be felt. However, the attempts to establish a pro-Germanic government in order to avoid eventual uprisings, internal vassalization begins as well to fully convince German leadership.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up.
 * Trier: Military and economy are built up.
 * Julich: Military and economy are built up.
 * Zweibrucken: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aurienne: Military and economy are built up. The nation expands both west and east toward the colonies of the French.
 * Guaxirenne: the country expands southward and military and economy are built up
 * In Italy, peasants, still exited from the new colony, are continuing to ask the king they could voyage out to the New World to seek another future there. The king continues to let people to get out of the crowded country and to go colonize the New World. The colony expands by 6 px to the north, 9 px to the south and 2 px to the west. Philosophers guess that almost 3000 men are leaving to get out of Europe and trying to get to the New World. The peasants are getting to work, and the Duke plans to visit soon. The King is happy with the settlers and their new lives as more peasants are continuing to ask to go to our new colony. The grand duke, visting the colony if Banche Esterno, is stuck in the colony after word has heard that the claim of Castlie's throne to Italy. The Duke, after a long meeting with the Governor of Banche Esterno, decides to stay in the colony until the chaos is over. People, young and old, are going into exile in Hungary as others take off for Banche Esterno. However, of the 10,000 who take off for the the colony, only 1200 make it to there alive and not killed by the Castilian soldiers.
 * Italian Messagers: We ask France, Portugal, and England for an alliance.
 * Grand Duchy of Hamburg-Mecklenburg: the economy surpasses the 1498 figures, and the economic downturn is declared over. Regular trips to the African colonies continue to increase, and they prove valuable launching points for expeditions west and south. The HTSC voyage returns home with souvenirs from the new world, mostly plants. Upon hearing of "Neue Hamburg" it is decided within the company to concentrate efforts to establish a presence, though it is clear it will take years to do so. Countess Adelheid is thanked by her son, Grand Duke Friedrich II, for recognizing Hamburgs claim. Friedrich II also congratulates his brother, Deitrich, for his engagement. The prospect of Hamburg blood on the throne of Albion curbs some of the resurgent anti-Albion sentiment held in some of the population.
 * Magdeburg: Military and economy expanded.
 * Bremen: Military and economy expanded.
 * Bruchhausen: Military and economy expanded.
 * Williamsburg: Expands 4 px along the coast.
 * Neue Lüneburg: Military increases.
 * Rumania: Stephen, now 44, decides to re-equip the two Rumanian legions, each 10,000 strong, with Leverlock muskets (The entire force does not use muskets, only a small portion). Soldiers who once carried matchlocks are re-armed and begin training with the more reliable and less easily damaged Leverlocks. The troops receive the new weapons well and the officers report a marked improvement in rate of fire and volley fire. Leverlock muskets continue to grow as a major export. The gunsmiths of Rumania begin to gain a reputation for good-quality, reliable weapons. This fame pushes the smiths to experiment and create better variations on leverlock muskets. Constantius, now 20 and his brother Radu, now 19, begin to help their father rule the nation. Constantius presiding over Wallachia and Moldavia, while Radu is sent to Bulgaria to begin the process of incorporating the nation into Rumania.
 * The Consulate of Bulgaria: Ties with Rumania are strengthened; hundreds of Romanians move into the country, seeking cheap and productive land, and inter-marriage becomes very common. Bulgarians also begin to migrating to trade towns in Romania to seek more economic opportunities. Bulgarian populations in Rumania now represent a large minority, and the same can be said about Romanians in Bulgaria. The Bulgarian Legion, the defence force of 1000 men, is re-equipped with Leverlocks just as the Rumanian Legions.
 * Scandinavian Empire: The colony of Vinland on Manhattan Island expands by 500 sq km. In the meantime, the military is expanded, especially the Seventh Fleet.
 * Finland: The military is expanded. We expand northward by 3500 sq km.
 * Iceland: The military is expanded
 * Schleswig: The military is expanded.
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Bavaria expands its economy. The population continues to rise. Grand Duke Franz-Albert and his council continues to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with twenty-five very large cogs being finished. We begin using an established trade route, with important stops in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany, due to a longstanding trade deal. Continuing in 1520, Franz-Albert commissions six cogs to sail around western Mediterranean coasts. The market center in Landshut continues to attract Bavarian and Venetian traders. In religious news, around 76% of the country adheres to the Western Church. Most adherents live around Munchen and Landshut. In other news, Bavaria continues implementing the Alliance and Merchant Act as well as the Militia and Navy Act. The Bavarian Court continues hosting a largely Venetian composition. However, many Bavarian families have intermingled with the Venetians, creating a distinct social class and gentry. In national news, the common courts continue to be implemented around Bavaria as several of the lower class make use it of. The serf laws begin to be used as well. Skeptics who theorized that the serf laws would mark no profound change in society begin to be proven wrong. In 1520, as many as three hundred serfs sue for their freedom. Franz-Albert begins to ponder a law that would fully abolish serfdom, seeing how it has more or less deteriorated in Bavaria. The wild unpopularity of these laws begin to wear off as well. Franz-Albert further incorporates the Collegiate Writs, allowing many more lower class men to enter college. In legal news, Franz-Albert continues implementing the Bavarian Commands. The war with Hesse has been ended, with Bavaria annexing a small section of Bremen to use as a port. Franz-Albert propositions the Hamburger Grand Duke for a land exchange. See here: Bremen Purchase. In other news, Prince Heinrich and Princess Wilhemina have their second child, a son whom they name Magnus.
 * Munchen: By 1520, the total class of Queen Isabell University amounts to about 4500 men. Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. The Collegiate Writs begin to draw more men to college.
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Wurzburg: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. A religious change begins occurring in Wurzburg upon the ascension of Franz-Albert, where many more Western Christians begin inhabiting the bishopric. The clergy begins being alarmed and they fear displacement. An envoy dispatched by Franz-Albert attempts to quell their fears.
 * Thuringia: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert and Count Regent Vittorio continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Countess Elisabeth normalizes taxes in an effort to subset any rebellion.
 * Saxony: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert and Count Regent Vittorio continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Countess Elisabeth normalizes taxes in an effort to subset any rebellion.
 * Bremen Port: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Several plans for ship-building begin.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire continues to expand its trade, and Roman trade ships travel across the world to gather wealth for the rest of Europe and the Empire. The production of leverlocks continues, and wheelocks continue to be seen as a feature of the upper class of nobility. More galleasses are constructed in the shipyards of Constantinople, and the shipyards of Athens and Thessalonica continue to be constructed. The agreements regarding Cyprus are agreed with Spain and enter into force.
 * ​Albania: The nation decides to purchase a few leverlocks from the Romans and begin building a few itself after a few months of inspection and Roman designs.
 * Ragusa: The republic begins to construct a better shipyard as well as beginning to construct its own carros rather than rely on Venetian surplus or Roman models. Trade continues to pour wealth into the republic thanks to trade with India and the far east along with exports of native goods like silver, wax and timber.
 * Cyprus: The kingdom enters into the Roman sphere of control for the first time in centuries. As such, the native Greek people celebrate while the nobles are slightly less receptive. As a goodwill gesture, the city of Famagusta is turned over to the kingdom as long as it remains loyal. The Cypriot army, numbering 10,000, is considered a threat by the Roman authorities until it is proven loyal. As such, 10,000 Roman troops are sent to help maintain order.
 * Lombardy: Work continues on the Certosa di Pavia, the Castle Visconteo, and on the extensive Milan Cathedral. We continue training a proper standing army, utilizing Swiss mercenaries and local recruits. With border disputes now settled between the nations of Austria and Switzerland, we continue opening friendly relations with both nations in hopes of repairing our diplomatic relations and protecting our northern border. We continue constructing cogs and galleys to strengthen our navy and protect our interests on the seas. Our turn is dedicated to economy in both our nation and our vassals. Wallis is declared a vassal of our nation, and we continue influencing them.
 * Novgorod: We continue the production of ships, cannons, muskets, advanced crossbows, swords, and composite bows, increasing our military capabilities in case of war. The nation’s training and advancement of military continues. The recent classes of Koch ships are being manufactured in Novgorod. The town of St Patriksburg’s population grows a bit more that last year. As the construction of the town improves, the Kremlin finishes, trade becoming more in demand, the town gains slightly. Because of the trade road built with Tver our economy increases. After seeing a great success with the private schools in the cities of Novgorod, St Patriksburg, Staraya Russa, and Nizhny Novgorod. We start building another private school in Rostov and Yaroslavl. We complete building private schools in Torzhok and a private school in Staraya Ladoga. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Tver: We complete the construction of the private school in Tver and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Yaroslavl, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Yaroslavl: We complete the construction of the private school in Yaroslavl and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Rostov: We completed the construction of the private school in Rostov and start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Yaroslavl, Muscovy. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Karelia: We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to economy. As fur traders and hunters begin to move into Karelia, the land becomes more settled. We are pleased that peaceful terms have been met between us and Scandinavia, and we hope to improve relations in the future.


 * Zapoteca: Zapotecan troops patrol captured Aztec territory. The Spanish aid is greatly appreciated. The Emperor continues financing Spanish settlers to come to the kingdom and marry into the population. Trade increases and continues with the Spanish. Tlaco II expands roadways connecting cities in the alliance to help merchants and soldiers move freer between them. The military, which had been outdated for many years, continues to be upgraded. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. Naval technology is rapidly advanced under the Spanish. Tlaco II orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Itzapam continues prospering under Zapotecan rule, improving their economy immensely.
 * Austria: This turn in both our nation and in all our vassals is dedicated to economy. We train and expand our military using new experience from recent wars, and grow our nation economically. In Morocco our position in Melilla is fortified. All fortifications around the region are rebuilt and manned by stationed guards in case of an attack. To protect Melilla the construction of a fortress outside the city is considered, although postponed for now. The port of Melilla is rebuilt to begin operation as a trade port and military outpost. Construction continues on a shipyard in the Melilla port to facilitate the construction and repair of friendly ships. Melilla is granted a permanent naval garrison in the city’s port. to respond to dangers in the area, and to support the small garrison on land who mans the fortifications. Our position in Morocco is fortified by re-inforcements, bringing Melilla operational against attacks. For now a small fleet is stationed in its harbor, while its garrison continues to hold the north and its supply lines, supporting our Christian brethren. With much of the Muslim population of Melilla left dead after the war against Morocco, the local government attempts to entice settlers by offering large quantities of land to Christian settlers. Many Europeans, particularly of German descent and/or from central Europe begin settling the area around Melilla. With finances from Augsburg-based banking establishments, the Trieste Company continues to launch expeditions to West Africa. Abrechtburg has grown to a decently sized settlement, supporting a population of farmers, traders, and a small garrison of soldiers. The town also houses a well furbished fort, armed with a small amount of cannons intended to defend the settlement and the harbor from any attack. Built out of necessity, the port at Abrechtburg is refurbished and expanded to support more trade ships, and allied countries are welcomed to trade and stay in the town. The second largest settlement in Westenland, Dominusburg, follows suit, finishing the construction of a port similar to Abrechtburg‘s. Trade posts continue to be built and exploited, now numbering several dozen along the coast of Westenland and into allied territory. Our reliance on the Wolof becomes less so, but we sign a trade agreement with their nation to continue our positive relationship. Deals are made with the Wolof for slaves and other goods. Conversion of the natives begin around the settlement. Several bimereiches and caravels begin construction in Trieste, Melilla, Corfu, and other ports,  to further facilitate and protect overseas trade. Trade is increased with the Grand Duchy of Bavaria and other trade partners, bringing about new avenues of trade and commerce. Expeditions to the New World continue to increase trade with Spanish possessions, establishing a trade route between Westenland and colonies in the Yucatan. Trade posts in the Caribbean are expanded and grow as they become more frequently visited.

1521
In Rome, Pope Nicholas V dies, and in the subsequent conclave, the Portuguese Bernardo Lopes de Carvalhal is elected Pope, taking the papal name of Marinus V.

'''The plague appears in southern France, killing thousands of poor peasants in several cities on the mainland and Africa before dying out. '''

A student revolt breaks out in Erfurt, Thuringia.

'''The Polish revolt expands exponentially meeting little or no Hungarian resistance. The Polish troops expand into the latter half of Poland driving Hungarian troops out and leaving little or no troops loyal to Hungary. The Polish revolters get popular revolt bonus, and +4 for government supported by people'''.
 * Portugal: Continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Lenhame. By this time, the colony in Lenhame starts to export wheat to Portugal. Meanwhile, trade intensifies in the African coast. The Açores continue to be settled. Meanwhile, the naus continue to be used. Naval explorations directed to the west continue. Meanwhile, Santa Cruz expands north by 2000 sq km. Meanwhile, sugarcane, which is already cultivated in the Açores, is introduced in Santa Cruz. Meanwhile, pau-brasil (brazilwood) starts to be extracted in the colony. Meanwhile, sugarcane, that was already present in the Açores, begins to be planted in Santa Cruz. Meanwhile, the colony of São Sebastião expands 2000 sq km. Meanwhile, Teresa de Leiva gives birth to a girl, who is named Maria.
 * |onte continues to have a large surplus of grain. Though adopting "western farming", the idea of "the tribe" is still very much so alive, as people always share the crops they have grown, or the animals they have hunted amongst the community. Due to the policy of planting tree groves, desert reclaimation has started taking effect in some parts of |onte. Throughout the year, Mon's children go elephant hunting, though it is very dangerous, as they are hunting them with arquebuses, and the whole process requires much co-ordination. However, the results are said to be spectacular, as the tribe gains new wealth in the collected ivory, and the elephant meat is considered a rarity. The season resulted in twenty elephants being killed, an increase due to the recently build elephant pen. |onte is rich with money made from elephant hunting, as they have nothing to spend the money on. Mon II begins teaching children in the vicinity of the Kunene how to read, causing great interest amongst children of these strange characters, that give them a new form to play. Most of the recent generation can read, however, only a few can write. Mon II continues the project that will be his life's work: the Kunene library.  |onte's population rises to over 18,000. There is a population centre that is beginning to appear around the mouth of the Kunene, and is simply referred to as Kunene. With the new Eheresito hu Kunene, Mon III accompanies his father Debarubo in  expanding 500 sq km northward (10 pixels) along the his expansions on the coast. Trying to accomadate the new population, many of the women, who are kept alive, are migrated to the Kunene, greatly increasing the city's population, but also bringing in a high ratio of females to males. Many of the females, in break with tradition, are sold to Nikobara, in exchange for coconuts.
 * Prussia: The Prussians begin to develop their economy. The Prussians continue to build their new navy. Prussia continues to Germanize their ethnic minorities.
 * Courland: The Curonians also continue developing their economy.
 * Estland: Ossel-Wiek also continues developing their economy. Duke Franz continues to reshape the face of Arensburg.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 875 sq km each settlement. The colonies continue growing as expected. The navy begins a huge update in order to establish a stronger control over over seas territories such as the colonies and to have further control over Africa. while this the king seeks for the French influence to grow in unexpected territories. The colony of Nouvelle Rouen continues to expand eastward by 250 px, we declare war on Italy to protect our ally Spain and to regain the regions of Provence and Anjou as well as other relatively wished territories.
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy are built up.
 * Sardinia: Military and economy are built up.
 * Basel: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aargau: Military and economy are built up. The French presence begins to be felt. However, the attempts to establish a pro-Germanic government in order to avoid eventual uprisings, internal vassalization begins as well to fully convince German leadership.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up.
 * Trier: Military and economy are built up.
 * Julich: Military and economy are built up.
 * Zweibrucken: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aurienne: Military and economy are built up. The nation expands both west and east toward the colonies of the French.
 * Guaxirenne: the country expands southward and military and economy are built up.
 * Banche Esterno: With the collapse of the Italian government, the Grand Duke takes over and establishes the city of San Marino in OTL Savannah, with many farms included. Because of the isolation in the new world, the Duke asks Éire for food, crops and wood cutting supplies. Farms are established all throughout the nation, as a way to keep our nation filled with food and to keep ourselves alive. While building some farms, wood cutters encounter tribal people of the area, and welcome them into our government affairs. They teach the people how to fish, how to plant,and how to survive. The Indians also guide us to more lands, as we extend 4 px to the west and 2 px to the south. As an act of gratefulness, a three-day feast is held, with the people thanking the Indians for their help. (Infrastucture turn).
 * Hispania: With a massive string of victories in Italy breaking the nations armed forces and collapsing the government leaving only a few territories and forces left to challenge the Spanish, Queen Alexis takes this opporunity and massive morale boost and support for the kingdom of Castile by Aragon and the Castilian populace leads to the unification of the Crowns of Castile, Aragon, Navarre, and Granada into the Kingdom of Spain. Along with this, she reforms the Spanish administrations for dealing with overseas territories by creating the Empire of Hispania or alternatively, the Spanish Empire. The Spanish populace reaches about 13 million and growing thanks to the addition of the Aragonian populace. The Economy thanks to the aggressive colonialism continues to expand immensely and the Spanish economy becomes the most powerful in Europe passing the French economy by leaps and bounds with the massive influx of gold, silver and jewels contributing heavily and its administration preventing heavy inflation of the Spanish economy. The armed forces continues their push to remain the most modern and begins to build a host of new ships to replace older ones which are sold to its vassals, trade companies and other territories of the Empire. The integration of Aragon into Castile and the formation of Spain is seen as relatively popular and the now majority Spanish population shows overwhelming support for their Queen. The Queen of Spain on the direction of an advisor incorporates the title of King of Italy as an integral part of Spain as well ruling over it in a personal union in which the monarch of Spain may rule as the King of Italy in a personal union but the title may not pass to any other than the Spanish monarch.
 * Kingdom of Italy: With the fall of the previous Italian government with the monarch being killed by Spanish assasins and other heirs being killed before they fled the country leaving only medium level nobles, the Italian crown passes to Queen Alexis and is tied to the Crown of Spain. The Italian forces are immediately recruited to lightly aid Spanish coalition troops and the armed forces are expected to push 30,000 troops by the close of the decade. The Italian kingdom integrates Florence as an integral part and begins to push towards more movement towards involvement with the Spanish Trade empire and Italian trade ships begin visiting Spain en masse. The Italian army is expanded moderately with some naval ships being purchased to replace losses. Queen Alexis is accepted as queen somewhat but some Italians remain disenfranchized with the Spanish due to the way in which the Spanish seized the throne. However the Invulnerable Spanish army discourages any from speaking their mind and most deal with the relatively benevolent rule of the Spanish.
 * Savoy: Savoy is taken by storm from the Italians and surrenders to Spanish forces. The Savoyan people accept their new overlords as the increased trade has left traders and many other with much much more money than they had before. The Economy thanks to trade with spain expands moderately but much is spent rebuilding Savoy from the conflict. Savoy agrees to cede portions of Territory to france due to the war and many people in Savoy are angered but powerless. The Rulers of Savoy realizing that inclusion into the Spanish empire is much better than being a target of it manage to pacify the populace and begin to rebuild raising a small force of about 10,000 to handle security and continue to wage war helping the Spanish against and remaining Italian loyalists.
 * Genoa: Now being free of Italy, but now a vassal of Spain, Genoa looks to rebuild its trade empire under the rising Spanish empire. The Genoan people and traders widely consider this to be a turning point with their people and begin to push for the mass acquisition of trade ships to rebuild their trade empire. Genoa begins to expand its military moving up to nearly 8000 troops with 5000 Spanish troops housed in Genoa. The Genoan people more than not show welcoming attitudes toward the Spanish as they have felt relatively oppressed by the Italians however some Genoans remain disenfranchized with the Spanish but the reputation of invincibility of the Spanish army makes any attempt at independence a far cry from possibility. These people more than not decide to find ways to live under the Spanish empire in a more prosperous way.
 * Kingdom of Morocco: The country begins the construction of various canals and cultivates trees farther inland to help increase arable farmland. The Moroccan economy continues to expand with greater trade coming from Castile and the Canaries all the way down to Capo Verde increasing the relative wealth. The Kingdom, with many canals having been completed, has vastly expanded its farmland among other things. Morocco's total population reaches one million with Christianity becoming dominant in the area. Calne-Vicuna is finished and is opened as a center for Christianity in North Africa with a library said to rival old Alexandria's. The Moroccan Assassins Guild forms and spreads keeping the peace and killing the corrupt as well as making Morocco much more peaceful for Castilian Rule. The Kingdom of Morocco officially enters into a personal union with Castile following the magistrates and princes deeming it unnecessary for the King to not have full control in the country. The Magistrates, however, are fully re-instated to continue as they were just under direction of the monarch of Castile. The Kingdom of Morocco eager to gain and even higher standing with the Spanish declare war on Italy and send 10,000 of its most experienced troops.
 * Kongo: The Kingdom begins to work toward a trade and production economy focusing on helping provide resources for Castile's burgeoning West African trade network. The King of the Kongo converting to Christianity and being baptised begins to call for the expansion of ports to the best of the Kongolese architects' abilities. The Kingdom of the Kongo in an attempt to increase economic output and trade begins to export a large amount of raw materials to Castile and begins to push toward heavy exploitation methods if possible. Kongo due to its backwardness in technology and administration puts itself in a protectorate/vassal situation in order to advance itself. The Kngolese population reaches about 850,000 and beginning to grow much more rapidly. The Kongolese are angered by Oyo intrusions on areas seen as Kongolese lands.
 * Mapuche: With the defeat by the Spanish a royal governor is appointed by the Castilians.  These people are immediately transferred onto available ships and throughout the year are sent up the coast via Spanish ships to a location unknown to the Mapuche. The Mapuche also continue to see major issues from European contact are given orders to isolate themselves if they are sick to prevent further expansion of the disease.  The Mapuche people begin to see the first mixed children between Spanish and Mapuche people. The Spanish institute the Ecomienda system. However, the Spanish governor, in order to keep control of the people, orders the Spanish heads of the system to treat the natives fairly in order to prevent mass deaths from overworking and resentment. Spanish farming techniques have definitely prevented starvation as the Mapuche continue to expand toward the coast building a road to connect it all. The Spanish governor, also using the local Mapuche as scouts, is able to expand much more than the Buenos Aires colony and uses this to his advantage to secure more land to be able to turn over to Spanish settlers. The Royal Governor ramps up expansion for some of the new plantation owners setting up expanding the the territory by 2500 sq km. The Mapuche Area begins to see a notable increase in Castilian settlers, mostly farmers who begin to build special areas to employ the Inca farming methods.
 * Morelia: The former Mayan kingdom is renamed Morelia by the royal governor to reflect its new Spanish culture as thousands of settlers have settled in the major cities beginning to displace the remaining Mayans which have decreased almost 75% from their original population of two million leaving barely 500,000 Mayans left. An insightful priest says that destroying the cities will result in long term resentment that could never be repaired and instead they should be made Spanish-Maya hybrid. The new Royal Governor seeing wisdom in this declares that the cities will not be ransacked and a moderate tribute of gold and silver is demanded by the Spanish. The 2000 troops remain in the country and begin to establish areas along the coast suitable for Spanish settlement. The military and economy of the Maya under Spain is developed and roads are upgraded to Spanish standards. The Spanish sponsor some colonists who wish to remove themselves from the remainder of the Indians and establish themselves on an island (OTL Havana) and name the island Cuba. (1000 sq km).
 * Kingdom of Venezia: With the establishment of the Kingdom of Venezia following the previous war and with the loss of a large portion of the fleet the Venezian people seem to believe that much can be rebuilt through utilization of the dynamically rising Spanish empire for its own benefit. The businessmen and high level economists, bankers and multiple other fully knowledgeable individuals of Venezia remaining after the war go on a trip to Spain's vibrant trade cities and after careful negotiations many of these men take over one of Spain's newest rising trade companies, the Buenos Aires trade company, with some offices based out of the Buenos Aires colony in Hesperia. The Venezians, unable to select a king from their remaining nobles, delegate to the Queen of Spain (Castile and Aragon) who chooses a man named Antonio Lo Grato to rule as Prince of Venice in place of the Queen of Spain. A well acclaimed and respected man, he immediately enacts reforms. The Venezian economy with access to the Spanish economy begins to recover and for the first time in years due to this. The Venezians begins its long road to naval recovery and begins to use its vast knowledge to begin building ships not only for itself but acquires the blueprints to improve on Spanish ships to allow for sale back to the Queen. The Venezian military is also raised to a token force of about 10,000 due to its location but remains lightly armed and unable to project power or fight any unsupported offensives. The Prince of Venezia, Antonio, begins the drift toward Spanish culture in an attempt to assimilate to a much more favorable nation than Austria, or the Kingdom of Italy.
 * Viceroyalty of New Spain: The Viceroyalty of new Spain is established with a massive amount of coastal territory secured begins to expand its major settlements seriously with Buenos Aires maintaining the most with nearly 20,000 people and growing. The Viceroy implements the first cattle ranches (they are not modern ranches) in order to expand the food supply of the large colony. The Spanish inhabitants of the colonies form their first militia under command of a Spanish officer which is trained only to fight off native attacks. The Colony specifically expands the areas around its main settlements by 10 px and extends its borders south by 10 px intending to reach the Straits of Torez (OTL Straits of Magellan). The viceroyalty seems extremely happy with the colonial status and support its received from Castile as well as the massive re-investment for the betterment of the colony giving a huge boost to the construction of a few forts and a road system. The first ships begin to arrive from Spain African colonies bringing goods and a few slaves. Many people seemed apalled by the idea of slavery but other more opportunists buy a few hundred and start up the first few plantations based around cocoa and tobacco.
 * Cape Ferdinand: The Cape Ferdinand colony expands by 10 px in one direction and 10 px around existing settlements beginning to push towards making the area a larger more controlled area for Spanish habitation. the semi hostile climate has left Cape Ferdinand with barely 15,000 colonists in comparison to New Spain in Hesperia. The area itself begins to show up as a trade hub. Zulu africans in the area begin to be contacted with missionaries looking to speak to these people.
 * The Kingdoms of Great Albion (Scotland and England) - member nation of the UKGA: Many ships are modernized and replaced to keep the Royal Albion Navy a powerful force on the high seas. Port Edmundburg continues to experience a growth in population. Albionic settlers continue to explore the surrounding areas. The dialect of English originally found in Scotland and the Eire grows so large that it covers most of the North of England. This new dialect is called Bythigish (portmanteau of Brython and English). English nobles begin to enjoy the Celtic myths of Eire and Scotland. The Templar Order continues to undercut the King's enemies and seeks ways to privately grow the power of the King and Albion as a whole. The Order buys up many smaller businesses and collectivizes some farms. The Order begins to expand into other areas of Europe, seeking to grow understanding as well as pushing Albionic ideals. Albion continues to explore farther west and south. A clockmaker from Cambridge becomes popular for his accurate timepieces and the exquisite wood housing. He creates a chime for the St Mary's Cathedral, the chimes are called the Cambridge Chimes (OTL Westminster Quarters aka Big Ben's chime). The Chimes become so popular, other clockmakers incorporate the chimes into their clocks. The Crown Dominion of Hamburg does well this year, as an influx of trade begins to repair the wounds of several wars. The English Renaissance is born when several painters in London show off some impressive works. Trade with the Mughal Empire begins to boom. Albion accepts the offers from the Natigoseg L'nu. Albion celebrates the wedding of Princess Jacqueline to Prince Dietrich of Oldenburg, and elaborate celebration is held in London for the "fair princess" and her husband.
 * Calais: Military and navy are expanded.
 * Dublin: Dublin undergoes another remodel and expansion to the ports due to the massive influx of trade from Castile and Venice as well as an increased Eire trade.
 * Scotland: Expands navy and military. Pan Albion sentiments grow, Trade increases. Whiskey is traded down to central Albion.
 * Wales: Wales expands its military and navy. Cardiff becomes a large centre of trade for Wales. The Welsh appoint Adam Cyrdger as Royal Minister. The first sessions of parliament are held. Wales does not see as large a population boom as Albion or Scotland, but a minor one, centered around Cardiff and Swansea, does occur.
 * Port Edmundburg expands by 1000 sq km east. The African colonists begin looking toward mining and other ventures to generate profit.
 * New Cambridgeshire: New Cambridgeshire expands by 1000 sq km west. Colonists begin to explore around the region and begin to have a large fishing boom. The Port of New Rotham is expanded to handle excess ships from Albion and other European nations and is renamed by popular vote as New Oxford. The people of New Oxford also begin an attempt to gain knowledge of farming in Borealia from Native Peoples.
 * Fusahito Theocracy: The main port in the Manchurian colony is continued to be fortified with walls and ramparts, a symbol of Fusahito strength in Eastern Asia. Whilst this is happening, in mainland Japan, the old slaves begin to complete their military training, with their numbers swelling the size of the Imperial Army to around 55,000, with others able to be recruited from feudal lords. Mil turn. The brutal measures used to crush the rebelling Jurchens shows remarkable effectiveness, with their spirit completely broken and an end to all resistance to Japanese rule. In the meantime, the Emperor continues to provide financial and economic support to the Hosokawa Clan and the Japanese islands to the North which have thrown off the yoke of Chinese dominance. These measures continue to draw these Japanese patriots closer to the Theocracy. (Year Fourteen of Sixteen).
 * County of Oldenburg: The wedding between Prince Dietrich and Princess Jacqueline is held with much pomp and circumstance in the City Church of Saint Andrew the Apostle in Osnabruck. All the notables of the realm, as well as many from Albion, attend. Princess Jacqueline is now officially part of the House of Hamburg-Oldenburg (a cadet branch of the House of Hamburg). The young couple go on a honeymoon to Norderney (old Norderney, not Labrador). Countess Adelheid improves the military, including the navy, and Albion is asked if they could lend us some naval architects to help with our navy.
 * Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: The nation's economy booms in a magnitude never before seen in the bishopric's history. The massive influx of dignitaries and common folk for the wedding, combined with the already high number of pilgrims, means that all the inns and roadside houses are full for a large portion of the year. Entrepreneurial people even let out rooms of their small town houses in order to cash in. As a result, many people entrust their money to the Episcopal Bank, which uses the capital to do some investing (usury-free, I assure you).
 * Safavid Empire: We build up our military and navy. Port cities are being rebuilt. More ships are being made for our navy. Our own version of guns are being made. Farming is becoming one of the most important industries, besides blacksmithy, trading and fishing. Guns are now mass produced in our country. We continue to make more woodblock printing presses for our libraries. Prototype cannons at three feet long are continuing to be made. A trade route from our home country to Oirat is mapped out. People are now trading with each other on this trade route. Foreign exchange banks are becoming popular in our country due to the ETA (Eurasian Trade Agreement). Trade has increased due to the ETA. A new art form is continuing to be drawn. It is a mix of Safavid, Oirat and Mughal art. Our art is continuing to be popular with all of the nation around us. Trade goes well with the Dutch merchants. All slaves that come from the Oyo nation are continuing to be converted to Shiite Islam. We continue to trade with the Roman Empire. Trade routes to Caliphate of Mecca are continuing to be drawn on maps. We win the war against the Shahdom of Verkana. After taking over all of their land, Persia is now unified.
 * Khanate of Khiva: We improve our relations with the Safavid empire. We build up our military and navy. Trade routes are continuing to be map into the Safavid empire.