China (Sino-Japanese Alliance)

China (Mandarin: 中国, Zhong Guo, Uighur: چىنە, Chine, Tibetan: चीन, Cina, ), officially the Republic of China  (中或民阔, Zhonghuaminkuo), and commonly abbrievated as the ROC; is a sovereign state located in East Asia. It is a semi-federal republic with several autonomous territories within itself. It is part of the Greater Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere or GACPA and has significant influence and historical ties with Siberia, the Korean Republic, Tongkin, Pamir, and Kashmir. These states make up the "Chinese Sphere" of the GACPA. In addition to the Chinese Sphere, China borders Hindustan, Burma, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, and the Thai Empire to the south, and the Russian Empire and the Turkestan Republic in the north. China shares maritime borders with Japan and Formosa.

The Territory of Modern Day China has been ruled as a continuous civilization for thousands of years under various dynasties. During the 19th century, China was opened up more to European colonizers. The Colonizers subjugated China in a series of deals known as unequal treaties. This included giving various ports as concessions to the European powers. China was especially humiliated during the Opium Wars, when they tried to stop the inflow of Opium from British India. The British made large sums of money off of Opium, and fought two wars which subjugated the Chinese even further. In 1900, a group of rebels known to the west as Boxers rose up against the westerners during the Boxer Rebellion. The last dynasty of China was overthrown in 1912 and replaced with the current Nationalist Government. Throughout the years, the Nationalists would become more and more autocratic and fascist under the leadership of Chiang Kai-shek. Eventually, the Nationalists would ally with the Japanese against the Communists and European Colonizers. This would bring China into World War 2, where it and Japan would oversee the creation of a massive network of puppet states to form the Eastern Axis. In 1947, Japan and China would drop six nuclear bombs to end the pacific war, one in Darwin (Australia), one in Seattle (USA), one in Chennai (Dravidia), one in Vancouver (Canada), and one in Novosibirsk (Soviet Union). These would be the only nuclear bombs ever dropped. After this, a cold war would erupt between the various nuclear powers that largely cooled down with the death of Chiang Kai-shek in 1975, but still continues to a degree into the present day.

China is a superpower in the world and has the largest GDP, population, and military in the world. China is also one of the most homogenous countries as it is 90% Han Chinese and the other 10% are closely related ethnicities. Due to China, Mandarin Chinese is the most spoken language in the world. Although the country has had an authoritarian past, China has instituted several democratic reforms since Chiang Kai-shek's death.

Etymology
The Word "China" comes from the chinese word "中国" (Zhongguo) which has been transliterated into English as China.The Word Zhongguo means center country or middle country in Chinese, refering to an ancient Chinese belief that China was the center of the world. This also correlates to China's unofficial slogan, "The Center of the World".

History
Main Articles: History of China and Timeline

Interwar Period
In 1920, KMT leader Chiang Kai-shek visited Emperor Hirohito of Japan about an alliance against the "red menace" and the "western imperialists". This would lead to the Treaty of Formosa which would establish the Republic of Formosa with both Japanese and Chinese zones of influence. The KMT and Japan would jointly lead the northern expedition to conquer Beiyang Warlords. Chinese Communists also fled the Sinkiang and Mongolia. The Interwar Period would also see China promoting anti-communism and Japanese style "statism" more and more. China would join the Anti-Comintern Pact and form the East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere with Japan and Formosa.

War Against the Communists
In 1935, the Soviets and Chinese Communists met and declared the Chinese Socialist Soviet Republic in inner mongolia and middle china. The Chinese took this as a violation of their sovereignty and launched a war against the communists. Korean Communists declared the Korean Soviet Republic with Russian help in 1935. Soon the nationalist annexed the friendly warlord governments in southern china and launched a campaign against Russia. In 1936, the Chinese Communists were forced to flee to Mongolia and the newly established Sinkiang Soviet Republic. The Koreans also capitulated and China took the northern half of Korea. By 1941, Sinkiang and Mongolia had capitulated and were under chinese occupation. The war with Russia was long and intense, but the Japanese and Chinese did well as the Soviet Union strained under attack from Nazi Germany in the west and the Greater Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere in the east led China and Japan to successfully conquer Siberia.

War Against the Imperialists
Aside from the war with the communists, the Chinese and Japanese also faced war against the French in Indochina, the Dutch in Indonesia, and the British in India and Burma. The Dutch were quickly defeated by the Japanese and the fascists in Thailand helped the Sino-Japanese Coalition defeat the French. In India, two different rebel groups were supported: The Azad Hind, a Hindu group which sought Independence from Britain by using Japan, and the Hindustanis, muslims who sought to establish a semi-secular republic in India modelled after the Republic of China. In Burma, the State of Burma, a Burmese Statist Regime, was supported by the Chinese, Thai, and Japanese. The Burmese quickly gained power over much of Burma and the Chinese established a state in Kashmir, India as a base of Hindustani Operations. With the British heavily abusing the Indian people to feed soldiers in Europe and Burma, morale was at an all time low. In 1944, an alliance between the Hindustanis and the Azad Hind declared the Republic of Free India in Northern India. The Indians quickly rose up against the British as the British Empire continued to strain. Eventually, a truce was agreed and the Dominion of Dravidia was established by the British in Southern India.

War Against the Americans
America entered the war in 1942 after the Philippine Revolution where the Philippine Republic gained independence as a member of the Greater Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere. This prompted Japan and her territories in Polynesia to declare war against the Americans. This war was supported by China, who aided Japan as part of the East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere. Japan ended up invading Hawaii with the support of the Hawaiian Asian Revolutionaries and successfully took over the islands. After the British left the war, the Sino-Japanese forces continued to gain ground in the pacific, doing bombing raids in Alaska and the West Coast. This would eventually cause the pacific split of California, Cascadia, and Alaska from the USA. The fighting would still continue but would eventually end in 1947.

Nuclear Weapons
The Sino-Japanese Nuclear Program played a large part in the victory of the Eastern Axis during world war 2. Six Nuclear Bombs were dropped in total, to pacify the British Empire and her dominions, the US, and the Soviet Union. This made China and Japan the first to have Nuclear Weapons, although the US and Soviet Union developed them soon later.

Sino-Japanese Split
After the end of World War 2, tensions arose between Japan and China, especially in Siberia and Korea. This was mainly due to Chiang Kai-shek's desire for hegemony within the Co-Prosperity Sphere. This was especially highlighted during the Indian War between the Japanese supported Azad Hind and the Chinese supported Hindustan. Eventually, the two nations came to a compromise as Hindustan and Azad Hind declared a truce. After this, Japan and China were united under the Co-Prosperity Sphere against rising communism and the USA.

Post Chiang Kai-shek
After the death of Chiang Kai-shek, President Deng Xiaoping quickly began reforming China. Freedom of Speech and Press were vastly expanded and relations with Japan were patched up. China also issued formal apologies to Chinese Communists, Uighurs, Mongolians, Soviets, and other people unjustly killed by the Chinese during the war. China also began holding elections in its autonomous regions and provinces to give them more representation. Today, China is a booming economy with a huge population and state of the art technology. China is rated one of the highest countries on the Human Development Index along with Japan, Formosa, and several other countries.

Government and Politics
The Republic of China is a Quazi-Democratic Republic and One-Party State ruled by the Kuomintang. The President of the Republic is typically elected by other members of the Kuomintang and serves until they are deemed unfit to serve by the Kuomintang. The current president of China is Xi Xinping.

Administrative Divisions
China is divided up into several provinces and administrative regions. Most provinces have little autonomy aside from the regions of Tuva, Outer Mongolia, Manchuria, East Turkestan, Hui, and Tibet. These regions are officially "Republics" within the Chinese state, holding their own elections and having their own political parties while being under the jurisdiction of China. 

Demographics
 Ethnography  China is one of the most ethnically homogenous places on earth, with over 75% of the population speaking Mandarin and being Han. Despite this, China hosts several minorities and has some regions like East Turkestan, Mongolia, and Tibet, that are populated mostly by non-Han. The primary people in China besides the Han are the Uighurs, Turkic Muslims who live in East Turkestan, the Tibetans, Buddhist Himalayans who live in Tibet, and the Mongolians, Turkic Buddhists who live in Inner Mongolia and are a large minority in Outer Mongolia.

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<p style="font-weight:normal;">Throughout the Kuomintang's one party rule, a Chinese brand of Neo-Confucianism similar to the State Shinto of Japan was propogated, with over half the population adhering to it. Islam was also propagated under Chiang Kai-shek as he often used it to justify his rule, using quotes from the Quran or Hadith. Buddhism is also a significant religion as an influx of people from the Chinese Sphere in Tongkin and North Korea are mostly buddhist, not to mention the Mongolians in the north and Tibetans in the south which adhere to Buddhism.

Language
<p style="font-weight:normal;">All people in China and the Chinese Sphere speak Mandarin Chinese as a 1st or 2nd language. Mandarin has been promoted as a trade language between ethnicities as well as standardized to unite the various regions where different dialects are spoken. Additional languages include Mongolian, Tibetan, Uighur, and Manchu as well as Korean, Japanese, and Russian.