Principia Moderni III (Map Game)

Principia Moderni, or "The Beginning of the Modern" in late Latin, was a map game beginning in the final days of the Middle Ages in Europe, and the early days of the Ming Dynasty in China - in 1400 CE, a turbulent era; in other words, an era of change; an era in which power is cemented. The first game was perhaps the most successful map game on the wiki in terms of length, finishing without dying and plausible expansions. However, it did have its problems, and has now finished. The second game, instead of being a worthy successor to the first, was marred by over-expansionism, feuds between players, ambiguity in the rules, which often caused controversy on wars between player nations, over-competitiveness and overall inactivity of the moderators, but was nevertheless successful in reaching the Modern Age. And thus, this third installment has been created. Welcome to Principia Moderni III!

Active

 * 1) Andr3w777 (Moderator extraordinaire, Destroyer of Worlds)
 * 2) Callumthered (Still interested?)
 * 3) Collie Kaltenbrunner (Former Moderator-in-Chief, Assistant Mapmaker)
 * 4) CourageousLife
 * 5) CrimsonAssassin (Moderator and Mapmaker, Leader of the Autobots)
 * 6) EiplecOco (Mapmaker, Neutrality Bringer, Air Breather)
 * 7) Monster Pumpkin (Moderator-in-Chief, ModPrah)
 * 8) Sine dei gloriem (Moderator and Mapmaker)
 * 9) SkyGreen24 (Moderator, Algorithm Fixer, Mapmaker)
 * 10) Edgeofnight

Honourary

 * AwesomePeruvian
 * Commandante Lemming
 * Cosman246 (creator of the first game)
 * Detectivekenny (moderator-in-chief of the first game)
 * Fedelede
 * Feudalplague (Algo Mod, ASB Hunter, Mapmaker,  Emperor of the World )
 * Galaguerra1
 * LurkerLordB (moderator-in-chief of Principia Moderni II until about 1580)
 * NovaSims
 * PitaKang
 * Saamwiil (Moderator, Arbiter, Map-editor)
 * Scandinator   (Mapmaker, Disaster Mod)
 * Scrawland Scribblescratch (Mapmaker only)
 * VonGlusenburg

Current Map
Map rules: 
 * As a note to everyone, do not edit the map unless you are authorized as a mapmaker. Inability to follow this rule will be met with action.
 * Remember to align the map to the center.
 * Please use the posted map as the Base map for editing from now on.
 * All mods, please update the current map instead of adding a new file from now on, there is no need to have three files if two of them are unused.

Sign-ups

 * See Also: Territories

Western Europe (France and Iberia)

 * Brittany -
 * French Empire / Monarchy
 * France - Sine dei gloriem &#34;Ex Initio Terrae&#34; (talk)
 * Andorra (Vassal of France) - Sine dei gloriem &#34;Ex Initio Terrae&#34; (talk)
 * Union of Lorraine
 * Kingdom of Rhenanie (French Rhineland) - Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae"talk
 * Artois (Vassal of France) - Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Kingdom of Lower Burgundy (Personal Union with Rhineland) - Sine dei gloriem &#34;Ex Initio Terrae&#34; (talk)
 * French Mali (French Colony) - Sine dei gloriem &#34;Ex Initio Terrae&#34; (talk)
 * Navarre -
 * Kingdom of the Netherlands -
 * Luxembourg -
 * Portugal - Collie Kaltenbrunner (talk)
 * Castile - Sand trooper-Squad leader
 * Kingdom of Aragon -

Northern Europe (Britain and Scandinavia)

 * Scandinavia
 * Denmark - Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svgLabarum.jpgCrimsonAssassin- I have special eyes
 * Sweden - Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svgLabarum.jpgCrimsonAssassin- I have special eyes
 * Norway - Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svgLabarum.jpgCrimsonAssassin- I have special eyes
 * Schleswig - Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svgLabarum.jpgCrimsonAssassin- I have special eyes
 * Albion - Cour *talk*
 * Éire - Cour *talk*
 * England - Cour *talk*
 * Wales - Cour *talk*
 * Dublin - Cour *talk*
 * Scotland - Cour *talk*
 * Brittanic Republican Rebels - —Bfoxius (talk)

Central Europe

 * Swiss Confederacy- Leldy22
 * Czechia -
 * Silesia -
 * Crown-Union of Germany
 * Kingdom of Bavaria (Constituent State)  - Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Kingdom of Austria (Constituent State) -  Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Kingdom of Venezia (Constituent State) - Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Colony of Nei Baiern (Constituent Colony) - Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Colony of Neu Schwaben (Constituent Colony) - Cookiedamage (talk)
 * City of Lübeck (Constituent City) - Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Port of Bremen (Constituent Territory) - Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Holy Roman Empire
 * Kingdom of Westphalia - Mscoree (talk)
 * Hesse - Mscoree (talk)
 * Mainz - Mscoree (talk)
 * Pfalz (Palatinate) - Mscoree (talk)
 * Duchy of Hamburg - I am that guy (talk)
 * Holstein (vassal of Hamburg) -
 * Mecklenburg (Personal union with Hamburg) -
 * Münster (Prince-Bishopric, vassal of Hamburg) -
 * Oldenburg - Callumthered (talk)
 * Osnabrück (Prince-Bishopric, vassal of Oldenburg) - Callumthered (talk)
 * Grand Duchy of Rhineland - Ratcolor (talk)

Southern Europe (Italy and the Balkans)

 * Roman (Byzantine) Empire - Monster Pumpkin
 * Italy -- Monster Pumpkin
 * Croatian Archvoivodeship - SkyGreen24
 * Carantania
 * Kingdom of Lombardy -
 * Vlachia - Saiyanscars (talk) 21:58, April 26, 2015 (UTC)
 * Sardinia (Personal Union with France) -- Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)

Eastern Europe

 * Russia -- Killerf111
 * Pskov/Union of Konigsberg - -Lx (leave me a message)Azarath Flag.png
 * Ruthenia -- Yank
 * Poland - Toby2: THEY CALL ME Mr. Awesome!!!
 * Prussia - Blocky858
 * Tartary - Happy65

Anatolia and Caucasia

 * Kingdom of Armenia -
 * Kingdom of Georgia - Sparkly Venice (Call me sparkly)

Mesopotamia

 * Grand Principality of Assyria - Flag_of_South_Korea.png PitaKang- (Talk to me | Kill count: 6)

Levant

 * Judea (Roman Vassal) - "This is not your grave  but you are welcome in it. " 20:23, April 2, 2015 (UTC)
 * Syria (Roman Vassal) -"This is not your grave  but you are welcome in it. " 20:23, April 2, 2015 (UTC)

Arabia

 * Hashemite Caliphate -

Central Asia

 * Khanate of Bukhara (vassal of the Tartary) -  Happy65  Messages 
 * Shahdom of Verkana (vassal of the Tartary) -  Happy65  Messages 
 * Persia - TheMarxist (talk) 05:03, April 15, 2015 (UTC)

South Asia

 * Bengal Sultanate - ♣There is no good or evil: only power and those too weak to seek it♣
 * Vijaynagara Rajya -
 * Bahmani Sultanate -
 * Udaipur Sultanate -
 * Jaunpur Sultanate -
 * Suri Empire - The Bearded B*st*rd (talk)
 * Punjab Confederacy -
 * Empire of Lanka -
 * Madras (Vassal of Lanka) -
 * Free City of Nellore (Enclave/colony of Hamburg) -- I am that guy (talk)

East Asia

 * Western Chagatai Khanate -- Adamgerd (talk)
 * Hualian -
 * Great Manchu Empire -
 * Japanese Empire - Kill them all (talk)
 * Formosa -  Kill them all (talk)
 * Yantai - Kill them all (talk)
 * Qingdao -  Kill them all (talk)


 * Shanghai - Kill them all (talk)
 * Heinan - Kill them all (talk)
 * Paupa (Colony)  -  Kill them all (talk)
 * Kiamigutai (Colony)  -   Kill them all (talk)


 * Korea - Seiga
 * Mongol Khanate -
 * Mangut Nivkhgu - Commandante Lemming (talk)
 * Tibet -Tao64 (talk) 12:28, April 7, 2015 (UTC)
 * Shun China - Daeseunglim (talk)

South-East Asia

 * Ayutthaya -
 * Cambodia -
 * Loas -
 * Pegu -
 * Dawei  -
 * Shan States -
 * Taungoo   -

Asian Islands

 * Aceh - (Protectorate of Hamburg) I am that guy (talk)
 * Aru  -
 * Bima -
 * Bone -
 * Brunei - (Protectorate of Netherlands) --
 * Kutai -
 * Demak Sultanate -
 * Malacca - (Protectorate of Netherlands) --
 * Upper Makassar - (Protectorate of the Netherlands) --
 * Makassar -
 * Minahasa -
 * Dipa -
 * Pagaruyung -
 * Selebar -
 * Siak -
 * Sukadang -
 * Sunda (Protectorate of Netherlands) -
 * Tidore -
 * Tondo - Erizium (talk) 13:58, April 19, 2015 (UTC) ~
 * Tulang Bawang -
 * Timor -
 * Philippines - Vatonica

North Africa

 * Gasfa -
 * Kingdom of Africa - Sine dei gloriem &#34;Ex Initio Terrae&#34; (talk)
 * Kingdom of Morocco -
 * Zab -

West Africa

 * Borgu - Krazy KR ( talk)
 * Ife -
 * Igala -
 * Jenne -
 * Kanem Empire -
 * Kwararafa -
 * Mema -
 * Mossi -
 * Nupe -
 * Salum -
 * Siine -
 * Songhay -
 * Takur -
 * Tuareg -
 * Wolof -
 * Zafunu -
 * Kingdom of the Kongo -
 * Nigeria (Dutch Colony) -
 * Oyo (Dutch Colony) -

South Africa

 * Great Zimbabwe -
 * on - Saamwiil, the Humble
 * Cape Ferdinand -
 * Maravi Confederacy - Oh lawdy, it's Wobblestheclown
 * South Africa (Dutch Colony) -

East Africa

 * Aleppraqht -
 * Al-Somal -
 * Mogadishi -
 * Iritriya -
 * Ethiopian Empire -
 * Interlacustrine States (fragmented) -
 * Empire of Madagasikara -
 * Mozambika (French vassal) -
 * Sofala (French vassal) -
 * Swahili City-States
 * Al-Swahili -
 * Dar es Salaam -
 * Kilwa  -

Oceania

 * Marrikuwuyanga -
 * New Mecklenburg: I am that guy (talk)
 * Otago Maori -
 * Waikato Maori -
 * Tonga -
 * Tahiti -
 * Samoa -
 * Hawaii - João &#34;like rio&#34; Dinis (talk) 18:20, April 22, 2015 (UTC)

Borealia

 * Dominion of Arcadia (Former Dominion of Brittanic Empire) - FOR THE GLORY OF THE PARTY!
 * Reme - Saturn120 18:27, April 4, 2015 (UTC)
 * Illinikew -
 * Lenni Lenape (Delaware) -
 * Susquehanna -
 * Erie - BUFF7
 * Wyandotte (Huron) -
 * Tionontati (Petun) -
 * Ottawa - CaptainCain (talk)
 * Attawandaron (Neutral) -
 * Bodewadmik (Potawatomi) -
 * Asakiwaki (Sauk) -
 * Meskwaki (Fox) -
 * Kiwigapawa (Kickapoo) -
 * Mascouten -
 * Mamaceqtaw (Menominee) -
 * Ho-chunk (Winnebego) -
 * Santee Dakota (Sioux) -
 * Tsoyaha (Yuchi) -
 * Yamasee -
 * Thimogna (Timucna) -
 * Seminole Chiefdom -
 * Apalachee -
 * Chatot -
 * Pensacola -
 * Taneks-haya (Biloxi) -
 * Acolapissa -
 * Houma -
 * Chitimach -
 * Bayogoulaa -
 * Natchez -
 * Yoron (Tunica) -
 * Chahta (Choctaw) -
 * Albaamaha -
 * Chickasha (Chickasaw) -
 * Ugakhpa (Quapaw) -
 * Kadawdaachuh (Caddo) -
 * Kiowa -
 * Niukonska (Osage) --
 * Illini -
 * Neutache (Missouria) - Jermster108
 * Otoe -
 * Algonquian Sachemate (protectorate of France) -Shikata ga nai!
 * North Ojibwe -
 * Nipissing -
 * Odawa -
 * Kiatagmiut Band -
 * United Commonwealth of Boralia - Nathan1123 (talk)

Lower Borealia

 * Cuba (territory of Hamburg) - I am that guy (talk)
 * Guaymi -
 * Mexeca Spartian300
 * Morelia -
 * Ngobe-Bugle (vassal and personal union with Guaymi) -
 * Tenocha -

Hesperia

 * Adean Union
 * Kingdom of Andea -
 * Kingdom of Apeac:  (Puppet of Andea):~Edge
 * Empire of Aymara:  (Puppet of Andea):~Edge
 * Osean Dictatorship (Puppet/Ally of Andea):~ Edge
 * Vorlayacor (Personal Union with Andea): This is Edge, He is a cool guy when he isn't too lazy to sign his real sig. Hit him up.
 * Brazil (Pro Andea-Government and Member of the Second Hesperian League):
 * Domain of Hesperia: Cour *talk*
 * Osea: UT
 * The Guianas: (Colony of the Dutch) -
 * Colombia: (Colony of the French) - Sine

Wall of Shame
This list is for users currently prohibited from participating in the game.
 * User: Arceus The God of Pokemon : permanent ban for sockpuppetting on the first game.
 * User: Eldwolf : permanent ban for deleting the entire page of the first game and replacing it with profanities.
 * User: Twisty123456789 : permanent ban for sockpuppeting on the second game.
 * User: Ratc3333 : permanent ban for sockpuppeting.
 * User: Vivaporious: Perma ban for ignoring mods, excessive implausibility and inability to remain civil with other players.

1840
''' The Somalian Confederation undertakes a small period of expansion, driving farther toward the coast to the north and east. '''


 * Kingdom of Hamburg: New Mecklenburg in OTL Australia expands by 750 px. Within the first year of offering rewards for information leading to successful anti-resistance operations, over 50,000 Reichstalers have been rewarded to informants. The program has run into so much success, that banks often struggle to make the payments. Those informants who would accept alternatives have their lands doubled or tripled. One farmer, an Englishman by the name of Robert Williams, leads the Hamburgian army to the capture of one of the highest ranking resistance leaders, known simply as "El Gato" (The Cat), and the collapse of his resistance cell. In light of that, Sophia Von Hamburg, as de facto head of the House of Lords and second in command of the Knights Order of Friedrich the Great, Knights Williams and names him as Baron Trinidad. This success only serves to strengthen Sophia's popularity in the core kingdoms, particularly Westphalia and Prussia, whose nobles have enjoyed greater powers to compensate for King Ferdinands incompetence. Their power grows to the point that they successfully remove Chancellor Heinrich Oberst from office, though by the constitution King Ferdinand is required to name his successor, who will take office next year.


 * Sultanate of Bengal: Sultan Mahmud Shah I was proclaimed the Sultan of the Sultanate of Bengal on 1810, and he initiated his rule over the Sultanate soon after. The Sultanate of Bengal saw a slight demographical as immigration from former Bengali crown vassals for the economic opportunity was on the rise. The Bengali population rose about 67.9 million, mostly due to the large influx of Bengali immigrants coming from Vijaynagara. The Empire officially began a reform of the economic system looking to bail the economy out of crisis from war debt, The bullion was geared toward giving the empire a competitive edge in being able to invest millions on a whim in order to drive up investments and production. However, in order to pay off debt, larger taxes are imposed on the wealthier class, with the current monarch starting to become more popular as the general populace viewed him as a Guardian. Meanwhile, the Bengali navy began further development of its new larger classes of steam engine ships, churning out first rate flagships for various fleets, and more third rates, and fourth rates with the occasional second rate to augment the smaller patrol fleets the fifth and sixth rates begin to become more standard as light and medium frigates for singular voyages and patrols among other things. Along the same time, a standardized army of roughly 300,000 men was raised to defend the state from any foreign invasion with soldiers armed with modern rifles and with cannons to be used as an ideal seige equipment. However, apart from the national army, an Imperial Guard was also set up. mainly to protect the Monarchy from any revolutionaries. Therefore, importance was given to the production of firearms and gunpowder. The infantry was also equipped with daggers and swords to be utilised in close combat against the enemy. In agriculture was the largest economic focus of Bengal, selling such goods as rice, wheat, maize, potatoes, indigo, opium, wheat, cannabis and other crops to European merchants as well as Indian. However, jute and cotton, in particular served as the most important exports of Bengal given their importance. The Emperor, Mahmud Shah III implemented a new currency system which was to be the well-regulated silver-based Bengali Tanki. The flocking of populations to Bengal coastal cities continued with a mass increase of population in Visakhapatnam, Calcutta, Bhubaneswar, and various other minor cities and townships throughout the south. Of particular importance was the city of Calcutta which was established as the new capital of Bengal, replacing Pandua. Thus, with the inflow of manpower, the Sultanate expanded upon its shipbuilding and fishery industry, given that the Bay of Bengal had been established as a virtual Bengali lake, with little to no opposition faced from Burma or Vijaynagar. The positive atmosphere and attitude of the Bengali people towards industrialization led to a decision to link the empire with a railroad system and therefore, experimental railroads were constructed from Calcutta to Pandua and Chittagong. Along the same time, Bengali influence steadily grew in Jaunpur with extensive immigration and trade between the two states. [Turn Two of Ten] [MaybeVassalizing] [Mil/Eco Turn]
 * Bengal - Jaunpur Diplomacy: The Sultan of the Sultanate of Bengal, Mahmud Ashraf Shah I proposes an alliance to the Sultan of the Sultanate of Jaunpur, Ahmad Shah II. The alliance would generally serve as a deterrent to foreign aggression, and maintain the sovereignty and integrity of Jaunpur and Bengal. Moreover, it would grant access to merchants from Bengal and Jaunpur access to trade routes of the other, and would no longer have to face merchant taxes, although tariffs would have to be maintained at a certain level. Along the same time, it would once again bring Jaunpur and Bengal together, for the two Muslim states have had a long history of co-operation and friendship. Sultan Mahmud Ashraf Shah I also mentions potential sharing of technology between the two states as well as the usage of a single currency by the two states. [MOD RESPONSE]
 * Jaunpur agrees to a defensive alliance only, and the acces for merchants.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 100 sq km among both colonies into the Galapago Islands called Illes d'Neptune. The colonies continue growing as expected. The colony of Nouvelle Rouen continues to expand inland throughout the land corridor given by Cahokie by 9800 sq km. Mining continues in the colony of Nouvelle Orleans. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The king is outraged, for such freedom given to the Rhenish kingdom so much betrayal! In an act of sheer punishment he declares an all-out war against the rebels and the nobles he dispatches a coalition army of around 400,000 troops (from all around the empire) to quell the uprising. in the now called French Borealia, the displacement of small Spanish settlements begin, offering a free ride for them to return back into Castile, and exchange or sell their possessions in the colonies or swear allegiance to the King. Trinity colony expands by 700 sq km, a local uprising begins in Nouvelle Orleans city (OTL Cartagena de las Indias, Colombia) it soon spreads through the country to Coucut (OTL Cucuta) Sableville (in Falcon Venezuela) and St Joseph d'Bacatte (OTL Bogota) and Basse Nubou (shortened Nouvelle Bourdeaux, OTL Bucaramanga) Demanding the lowering of the taxes in the colony, and the granting of local self ruling, the King considers it, making a promise to do so within the next 30 years, thinking it to be far enough for the promise to be forgotten. The government agrees on giving the Californian state or region self rule recognizing its own right to determine its destiny, however, remaining a territory of the Borealian Domain. The colony of Emeraldia is given free state status with the official name of Etat-livre du Nouvelle Orleans.
 * Kingdom of Rhenanie: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Kingdom of Lower Burgundy: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Sardinia-Corsica: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The Sardinian language has lowered its usage to only 10% of the population of Sardinia (roughly 50,000 people) with the speaking African (43%) and French (38%) or Vandalian (9% African Rhenish German dialect) and with the vast majority being able to speak both African and French (that is more or less 85% of the nation's population). The population is stable at 500,000 people.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The African language has become the de facto leading language surpassing every other (outside of French) being spoken by the 2.3 million people living in the country as either native or second language. Vandalian, however, dominates area of Tripolitania's coast with a population of around 5000 speakers in the region. French is still the main language officially. Trading outposts begin to be made in the border of the country to trade with Tuareg and inland tribes. Sends supplies to the Rhenish War.
 * French Mali: Due to vast piracy campaigns which France and Spain have contributed to has resulted in many pirate coves in the Bissagos Islands, and as a result a larger influx of Frenchmen arrived this year, though they still don't even make up 1% yet. Ports continue to expand appropriately and the region becomes a place worth note on many maps. Roads continue being built to outlying villages and plantations continue being built.
 * Artois: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure and navy are built up. The nation prepares an army for the conflict in Britannia.
 * Free City of Danzig: The military, economy, infrastructure, and navy are built up, Danzig asks for an alliance with the current Prussian and Polish government.
 * Cahokie: Christianization of the locals continues. Military, navy, infrastructure and economy.
 * Remian Diplomacy: Reme offers to make a deal to purchase France's Borealian colonies of Rouenelle and Cahokie (De jure as a dominion of France) with French taxation of 15%. Reme will tax another 15%, just to help with admistration and to expand its budget.
 * French Diplomacy: France accepts.'''
 * Andea: The Los Federales take power in the Congress of Buenos Noches this year. With a population of 24 million, overcrowding becomes an issue in Andea proper. As a result, many Andeans begin to relocate to the territories of Chile, Apeac and Voryloclayr. This Year, another 100,000 leave Andea proper, with most of them finding their way to Aymara. Kurillianka takes the throne in both Andea and Voryloyclayr. Buenos Noches continues to grow, with a population of 65,000. Cuzco remains the largest city, with a population of 190,000. Military stands at 200,000 active men, and another 200,000 in reserve. The nation continues to expand its industry and steam power. The new Federales Government passes the Limitation Doctrine, which gives them the power to declare war should a potential threat be perceived by the Andean Government or her sphere of influence. We also continue our support for the Osean Dictatorship. The war in Osea continues. Seeing Competion with New Munich in Borealia as too costly, the Inca forms the Second Hesperian League and exits from the Union of Hesperia and Borealia.
 * Andean Overseas Territories: The Falkland Islands, under direct control of the Andean military, prove to be a strategic location in protecting Vorlayacor's coast line. A military force of 15,000 is stationed on the islands.
 * Empire of the Aymara: The Kingdoms of Aymara and Tiwanku merge to form the Empire of Aymara. The nation's population stands at 300,000. Many of the Andeans coming into the nation bring in the idea of a united Andea with them, encourging the idea of civic nationalism.
 * Kingdom of Apeac: Military, economy and navy improve. Population stands at 200,000, as Andean settlers come in, seeking more land then they can get in their homeland. 4000 militiamen remain activated in the territory. 20,000 Andean Military men remain active in the territory. Andean Settlers meet resistance from Mataco raiders, who attack settlements on the frontier.
 * Vorlayacor: Military, economy and navy improve. The nation sees a massive expansion of its infrastructure, with the Royal family owning much of the nation's infrastructure. Population stands at seven million. Military stands at 25,000 active men, with another 20,000 in reserve. Andean Military bases have 35,000 men stationed.The Nation joins the Second Hesperian League.
 * Republic of Brazil: Luiz Rousseff is elected this year, with a Brazilian constitution being approved this year. The Military continues to expand, with 35,000 men in the armed services. Industry continues to expand as well, growing rapidly. The Nation also agrees to the Cuzco-Santa Cruz Alliance, creating a binding military alliance between Andea and Brazil, stating that the two will always come to each others aid when needed. It also allows the two to move troops through each others nation.​ The Nation joins the Second Hesperian League. The nation is set to leave the Andean Direct Sphere next year.
 * Osean Dictatorship: Known offically as the Federation of Osea, the Dictatorship is run by charsimatic politician, Phillip Cortez. Cortez dedicates the nation towards reuniting Osea. Everytown secured by Coalition forces is annexed into the nation. Possible revolutionaries are tried, many executed. In a speech, Cortez justifies this by asking the Oseans under his wing "They seek to butcher our nation. To fracture and distort our culture. We have already endured so much, it is time to stop being the cattle, and become the Butcher ourselves." . The nation joins the Second Hesperian League. Despite the President's speech, the battle lines begin to stall. The Nation continues to claim all of Osea.
 * Kievan Rus': The Kievan Rus' continue to integrate the former Tartar vassals of Cherniv and Azov into their nation.
 * Tibet: Continued military growth. Tech improves. Gunpowder. More rights given to the people - nothing else.
 * Korea: Korea continues to build up its military. Meanwhile, more Taoist, Neo-Confucian and Buddhist temples are built. Taoism rises in popularity and gains more followers. Regular (read: not Imperial) Shinto gains a few more followers as well, mainly along the coastline in Southeastern Korea, particularly in Busan, Jejudo, Ulsan, and the coastal cities and coastal towns of Southern Gyeongsang Province. Mahayana Tao-Shintoism also continues to grow, and begins gaining followers from the areas where Shinto is growing, with some Shintoists switching to Mahayana Tao-Shintoism. The military in the colony of Haejagang (해자강) continues to be on high alert and continues to heavily patrol the Korean settlements.
 * Morocco: The Kingdom of Morocco continues to improve its economy, infrastructure and build up military. Morocco continues to westernize the nation and population continues to grow. The nation expends by 5000 sq km, with a few new cities are built and roads are built between old and new cities. The Industrial Revolution in Africa begins in Morocco when French and Castilian workers from Europe leaned Moroccan to work, then they built a factory in Tangier and then they started a company when marking mosaics. This will become the first successful industry in Morocco and Africa that leads to the African scientific revolution. More schools and houses are built and technology improves as well.
 * BoraliaFlag.pngCommonwealth of Borealia: Both the military and economy improve. The continual industrial revolution has led to an increasing birth rate. Recent theories on economics and agriculture have led to the expansion of businesses at an exponential rate, including various forms of manufacturing, mining, and printing. Machines using steam power are also popular, as the first factories appear. Some of these businesses are also internationally based, buying and selling to the neighboring colonies of France, Britain, and Scandinavia, as well as the sovereign states of Reme, Arcadia, Aragon, Algonquia and Germany. The most productive of these businesses is the buffalo industry, monopolized by a few companies based in Kristallstadt (OTL Salt Lake City). The professional army and cavalry are continually trained, while the forts on both borders are expanded and new artillery is manufactured. Rifles are now standard equipment across the military. Caravels and frigates fitted with steam engines are constructed while coastal merchant trade expands across the Pacific. The University of New Vienna continues to produce new intellectuals and engineers. Railroads for steam engines begin to be built to span many cities across the plains. The first telephone company opens to sell this commodity across the commonwealth. Telegraphs are commonly used across the state, and some news bulletins are published across it. The most prolific publications of the commonwealth propagate philosophies of independence as far as Newfoundland, Vineland and New Orleans. A census this year determines that the population has risen to 11.5 million. As military and diplomatic support is sent to Reme, the curia also offers to mass manufacture raw materials from them and sell bison products. The new steamships have allowed for more colonial expansion along the coast, as far as the Kenai Peninsula. The Kiatagmiut Band continues to be influenced in the prospect of annexing their territory. Support is still given to the rebels in Texas. Settlers continue to push into the French territories north of Texas. A collection of Borealian ships attempts to open trade with the Empire of China.
 * Reme: Reme begins to build up its military and economy. After a long, heated discussion of how Reme would be governed, the tribal representatives (as well as notable Byzantine-Borealians) decide to create a republic, with a basic constitution that would be given basic rights to citizens of Reme. After these discussions, a rich Byzantine-Borealian named Stephanos Shawnee, and becomes the first President of Reme. Shawnee starts to upgrade trade and military services. However seeing Reme, a new nation, vulnerable to foreign attack, starts to encourage militarization of the west, and opens up to military alliances with other nations. Meanwhile, trade is improved on, with industrialization, mainly former Byzantine areas slowly being introduced to populous areas. Lumber, cash crops, and other goods become a major export of Reme, and starts getting Reme a jump-start into the European economy. Shawnee also commands the creation of a couple new navy ships, to help modernize the outdated Remian navy. Reme continues to expand into he Michigan Peninsula, expanding another 150 px into the area. Meanwhile, the idea of building coal mines come into mind, especially in the OTL West Virginian area. Coal mining plants are started to be worked on. Reme also starts very slowly changing its focus to industrial things, with a nation wide railroad being considered to be built. Reme incorporates the French territory of Rouenelle as a province of Reme, with Cahokie being designated as a territory of Reme. With this, French is now declared an official language of Reme, with Greek and French made mandatory for children in Remian schools.
 * Tartary: The economy and military of Tartary are developed this year. Farming is the largest industry throughout the nation. The nation continues to develop cities. The population of Tartary continues to become larger. Tartary looks to establish an alliance with Scandinavia. We continue to expand 1000 px northeast. The Emperor position is re-established, and Alexis I becomes the Emperor.
 * Great Perm: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Azov: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bukhara: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bajkal: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Khiva: We build up our military and economy.
 * Kingdom of Parthia: We build up our military and economy.
 * Croatian Archvoivodeship (Hrvatsko Nadvojvodstvo): Sewerage systems similar to Ragusan ones are built in major towns of the Archvoivodeship. With growing Ragusan influence, and the beginning of further colonization, the navy expands rapidly using much of the Ragusan expertise. Moreover, with the influx of new resources in form of lumber, labour and metals, the navy begins expanding at a fast rate. More and more ships capable of crossing the Atlantic with ease are built. The Sabor intends to restore the glorious naval culture of the Neretva peoples and plans to do so by expanding the navy. The kravata (tie) is more and more used as an accessory. Trade routes are  strengthened and the salt mines around Tuzla are explored as well as the salt industry in Pag and Nin. Using irrigation from the Danube, Sava, Drava, Drina, Cetina, Una, Vrbaš, Kupa, Neretva and other rivers the fields in the kingdom are developed, used for crops such as wheat, rye and barley. With trade routes increasing and Croatia entering an era of peace and of stability, the development of new trade ships is issued. Stone mining is furthered as well as the timber industry. The need for these resources rises as urbanization carries on. Iron ores in Dugopolje, Zenice and at last the 'mud' ore in Vojvodina and eastern Slavonia are to be exploited alongside the silver and copper ores more frequently and of better quality than the iron ores. The exploitation of iron ores in the Lika and Gorski kotar areas continues. The salt industry in Ston is funded by the government. The influx of resources from Dahomey aids the economy. However, the government makes sure that the gold arriving isn't immediately put on the market in order to control the inflation in the worth of gold. The silver mine in Srebrenica is mined. The administrative reform continues. Kotor Saraka (Adelaide) continues to expand.
 * Županija Dahomey: The natural resources are quickly put to use, such as coconuts, cotton both refined and raw as well as the gold. Finally, the wood industry prospers as materials are needed for new ships that would help keep the connection between Croatia and Dahomey strong.
 * Isles of the Archvoivodeship (Otoci Nadvojvodstva): The infrastructure is built up.
 * Županija of Hercules Pillars' (Županija Herkulovih Stupova): The županija's pivotal position as a trade nod creates an a sufficite allowing for the economy to expand.
 * Priština Voivodeship (Prištinsko Vojvodstvo): Due to the focus on the regional denominations of the nation, the Serbian national sense slowly suffers.
 * Carantanian Voivodeship (Karantansko Vojvodstvo): Being Alpine Slavic nation, the leaders begin a programme to create a standardized Carantanian language that will reflect on both the Slavic and Alpine (Germanic) aspects of Carantania.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire continues to recover from the devastating war that afflicted the nation in recent years, and efforts are made to heal the nation as best as possible. The military is crucial for maintaining the order that is currently in place, and the military continues to train and improve itself to ensure that the law of the land is upheld and the peace is maintained. Trade routes are re-established in order to help the economy recover and new tax laws and reforms are put into place to help the economy recover and grow. The lose of the Borealian provinces hurts the economy significantly, and as such the Roman Empire looks to other markets to replace the goods lost by the loss of the colonies there. The government continues to move along with its new reforms, and the country is preparing for its first elections that will take place in 1800 and will decide the new face of the Senate and Imperial government. With the war with the Damascans concluded, the country celebrates its victory and comes to the conclusion that the war of retribution against the Muslims, Arabs, and Turks has finally reached its conclusion. With that said, the Empire goes about to not only restore and rebuild its new territories, but also protect them and ensure that they never slip from the Empire's grasp again. Economic aid as well as investment and improved infrastructure is used to help restore the lands and bring the people back to the advanced way of life that most of the Empire now experiences. Relationships with Armenia, Georgia and the new Assyria are also cultivated. Membership is also sought in the Slavic League to counter the power of the resurgent Russia. To further solidify Roman influence in the Middle East as well as provide potential counterweights to the HRE and the Slavic League, the Roman Empire creates a new league, the Holy League, to act as a systematic chain of alliances to protect its members. Membership is open for all nations to apply, although application process needs to happen first. At the founding, the Roman Empire, Georgia, Armenia, Assyria, and Transylvania all join the League.
 * Luwitria (Or something like that): The colony was relatively unaffected by the war, and as such life more or less continued on normally, although contact with the Empire was much less often than before. As such, the colony developed a sense of nationalism and independence in very much the same way that the other archonates did during the war. Luckily, the government in Constantinople realizes this and offers them the same representation rights that the archonates are now given in the Imperial Senate. This does much to ease any of the potential political issues at the present time.
 * Italy: Italy begins to recover from the war, and the local military and economy continues to grow and stabilize in the aftermath. The economy is largely built up with help from the central government, as the entire economy is in shambles and the central government is doing its best to help the entire Empire grow and interconnect better through economics.
 * Syria: The former capital region proves to be a considerable issue for the Roman occupation forces, as the region is full of Muslims but also a significant quantity of Christians. Roman forces establish themselves in the city of Antioch, which houses the largest Christian community of Syria, and from there they use military and economic power to heal the land and expand Roman control over taxation, military patrols, and infrastructure rebuilding.
 * Assyria: Bashir continues to rally the people, erecting monuments and setting up public gardens and other forms of entertainment. The Mosul Public Theater opens in March, with seating capacity of 5,000 people. Foreign investment is welcomed, and many foreign merchants begin to move to Mosul to target the rapidly growing market there. Several dozen guns are acquired from the Romans and other surrounding nations, although it is going to be awhile before the entire army is modernized. 3,000 new cavalrymen are added. Roads continue to be paved, and Assyrian representatives begins traveling to America and Europe to learn more about "electricity." The Mosul Research Institute is also founded to conduct scientific research. Meanwhile, a lonely monk named Adasi Amiri begins experimenting with peas and other plants and cross-reproduction.
 * China: The government continues economic and educational development with steel mills being expanded and schools being built. The navy continues development and the first prototype steam engine warship is constructed armed with two breech loading cannons and four muzzle loading cannons. It is to go for sea trials next year, and the government hopes to construct more.
 * Duchy of Oldenburg: The economy expands with industrialisation.
 * In Pskov, the GDP rises along with average wages. The Inter-Republic Road network is expanded. The Science and technology aspect of Pskov is not overlooked either. As prosperity in the nation increases, the amount of money and new people investing in institutions of higher learning. As such, the various schools that existed in Nizhegorodsk-Na-Narve unite and form the "University of Nizhegorodsk", beginning a rivalry between it and Pskov. The Pskovians want to encourage immigration from Russia, and are somewhat more successful with the Muscovite serfs, who can move around freely with their landlord's consent. This puts much issues with the leadership of Novgorod and Muscovy, who think Pskov is just looking for a fight. The ruble is becoming more and more used and is becoming the unofficial currency of Russia. The idea of currency reform, to reform it to a decimal system is put out, in order to simplify much trade (even though it is already simple enough with multiples of 20). Zlatobrezhie becomes more and more wealthy as more people get used to over 100 years of Pskovian governance. A Pskovian Gunsmith, tired of the smoke from his pistol, inadvertantly invents the percussion cap, and makes a few prototypes. After much pressure, The Pskov Imperial Company strengthens the defences of the Pskovian Isles, and decides to offer pirates an official pardon for their crimes, so long as they give up their ship and riches, and return to Europe to live their lives as common civilians. However, if caught a second time, there would be no pardon and they would be turned over to the colony they were captured closest to, to await their fate. Due to the world recession, and the deaths of many merchants, many Pskovians and Union citizens have taken advantage of this by taking the place and having a much larger share of the world economy, increasing the GDP by several orders of magnitude. The Grand Senate, in the wake of the civil war, gains more and more powers. Support for political unification is becoming increasingly common, as people ponder how to reduce the amount of rebellions in the future. The Pskovian industrial complex begins to be more and more built up, with much more mechanization as technology advances. An inquisitive physicist, Vecheslav Drobovitskiy invents the Twin-piston steam engine, and sells his invention to the highest bidder. A new wave of industry is about to enter the nation of Pskov. As improvements in many fields of knowledge begin to rise, Pskov is seen more and more as the heart of Russian civilization. After the death of the current Patriarch of Pskov, a Tverian bishop is elected to the post, taking the name Patriarch Alexis I and moves into the Trinity Monestary in Pskov, becoming the new Patriarch of Pskov and all the Russias. The Grand Senate's powers grow more and more, as it asserts itself as the highest power in the union slowly, but surely. After almost a hundred years of growing powers, the de-facto situation in the Union is that it is now effectively a federation. A large summit is set to divide the powers between all nations and the Grand Senate in an official manner, and limit its influence because they fear of the National parliaments will soon have no powers compared to it. AFter a year of negotiations, a new constitution is decided upon which officialy divides powers between the National parliaments and the federal parliaments (issues such as war, agriculture, industry, fishing, infrastructure, medicine, educaiton, etc...). The New nation is re-formed into the Grand Union of Balts, Slavs and Finns (GUBSF).
 * BaiernFlag8.pngKingdom of Bavaria (Constituent State of the Crown-Union of Germany): In 184., Bavaria expands its economy. National infrastructure is developed. The population continues to rise. Trausnitz is returned to its place as national capital. CuriaBavariaFlag.png The Curia Bavaria, also known as the Bavarian Parliament or Bavarian Diet, continue to operate in the Parliamentary Palace in Landshut. It is a regional legislature. The Diet orders the German Army to be outfitted in modern uniform and to hold modern weaponry. In political news, the Curia Bavaria continue to implement infrastructural, diplomatic, and tax base laws. In Munich, Queen Isabell University remains a staple of education in Bavaria. King Franz-Rudolph I (born 1798) and his children; Maria (born 1817) and Johann (born 1822) compose the current royal family. Several modern warships and trade vessels begin construction at Bremen Port. Modern weaponry make its introduction into Bavaria. In diplomatic news, Germany maintains alliances with Hamburg, Britannia, France, The Netherlands, Scandinavia and Rome. There has been an uptick of 80% of Bavaro-German primary speakers in Franconia, Saxony, Pomerania, and Brandenburg, and uptick of 95% secondary speakers in those areas. In colonial news, Nei Baiern continues to expand. In political news, the King continues to sit at both Bavarian and Austrian privy councils. In industrial news, the effects of industrialization and urbanization begin to be felt in Swabia, Würzburg and Bavaria, where Stuttgart becomes the center of manufacturing and modern production. By year end, it becomes clear that industrialization is spreading in Germany after a long period of stagnation. In 1827, several textile factories and manufacturing foundries open up in Landshut, and they soon employ child labour in order to largen the workforce. Barely anyone complains about this as child labour becomes a large source of income for many impoverished families. In other news, rumors fly concerning the dissolution of the now-defunct RBSC. These rumors become reality in 1828 when the RBSC officially dissolves. Many people go out of work, and a slight economic downturn takes place. However, nothing major occurs and many people find jobs in the industrial sector. Bavaria continues aiding the Borealians. In Europe, many women and religious minorities who previously ample work in the court have now been pushed down the social ladder by King Franz-Rudolph's conservative ascendancy. In other news, several textile companies grow prominent in Munich and Passau. In 1835, the revolt in Vienna is swiftly crushed and Anna von H.W. continues to be imprisoned. She is sentenced to deportation, and through agreements with King Ferdinand of Hamburg, she is sent there. In positive news, the railway industry expands greatly and causes an economic upswing. However, as early as 1836, people begin to be perturbed by the excessively low wages that rail workers are receiving. By year end, many also begin to critically analyze child labor and its prevalence in places like Landshut and Munich. With this, two political parties acutely develop in the Diet. On the right are those supported by the King: Randolphine Conservatives, who publicly support the King's original decision in annexing the two aforementioned states. They also support social conservatism, industrialization, capitalism, and a quieter version of romanticism. On the left there are those who would most likely be supported by late Queen Mary I or her son: Marian Liberals, who support the King's most recent decision in the creation of Commonwealths, as well as social liberalism, regulated industrialization, and anti-corruption. Many liberals also supported Anna von H.W., while their right-wing counterparts certainly do not. Another interesting difference between them is that the Marian Liberals supported public works and heavy investment in infrastructure, while conservatives think that each constituent state should handle their own infrastructure and economy. For instance, the liberals would support the actions of King Albert after the Austrian war of the 1650s, when he spearheaded campaigns to reconstruct the battered state of roads, ports, and farms of Austria. In other news, several newspapers and authores publish works detailing the plight of the lower class and seeming disappearance of the middle class.
 * ddcoa2.pngDeutsche Diet: The Deutsche Diet, also known as the German Parliament or German Diet, is established by the decree of Queen Frances I in 1736, and is given a charter that year.
 * Flag_of_Austria.svgKingdom of Austria (Constituent State of the CUG): Troops authorized by the King and Queen continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. The Austrian Council is created as an independent privy council for the King. CuriaAustriaFlag.png Curia Austria remains the official legislature in Austria. The Curia  is popular in Vienna and surrounding areas. Parliamentarians usually pass laws concerning taxes, diplomacy, and infrastructure. Johann Florinsburg is successfully re-elected as Minister-Governor in 1822. The next elections are to be held in 1832.
 * Flag_of_Most_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svgKingdom of Venezia (Constituent State of the CUG): Troops authorized by the King continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. The Curia Venexia is responsible for overseeing the legal, economic and political goings on of all those in Venezia.
 * Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Brandenburg.svgCommonwealth of Brandenburg (Constituent State of the CUG): Brandenburg is re-established in 1837, and a Governor is elected promptly thereafter. Having more autonomy than other Bavaro-German realms, the Governor creates many new departments in Brandenburg. Among them is the Department of the Military, which train troops and research modern military technology. Also created is the Department of Commerce and Treasury, which handles issues of domestic economy and foreign trade.
 * Pommernflagpm3.pngCommonwealth of Pomerania (Constituent State of the CUG): Pomerania is re-established in 1837, and a Governor is elected promptly thereafter. Having more autonomy than other Bavaro-German realms, the Governor creates many new departments in Pomerania. Among them is the Department of War, which handles military strategy and financing. Also created are two smaller departments, each being responsible for the Army and the Navy. Also created is a Department of Treasurers. Interestingly enough, a Department of Polish Affairs is created to better assimilate the ethnic Polish minorities into Bavaro-German culture.
 * Flag_of_Bremen.svgBremen Port  (Constituent Territory of the CUG): Troops authorized by the King and Queen continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Several cogs are constructed, and plans are drafted to construct many larger ships. Several modern warships and trade vessels begin construction at Bremen Port.
 * NewBavariaFlag.pngNew Bavaria (Colony of the CUG): The colony of Nei Baiern continues to expand in population. Katharinas-Hafen, Franznacken, Bayreuth, Nei Regens, and Regenholz all expand by the end of the year. Houses and shops in each settlement continue being built. Jülichsberg and Wittlesberg both expand. Nei Baiern expands 2000 km. The militias and shops are developed. A small logging and fishing town is founded north of Wilhelmsbaum island, on the mainland. The settlement, mainly populated by Saxons, comes to be called Regenholz.
 * PearlRiverFlag.pngPearl River (Colony of the CUG): The outpost of Perlefluss is established. A capital is expected to be constructed over the next few years. The capital of Pearl River is named Pearl River, after the colony itself.
 * The Caliphate drastically develops military and the economy of the nation. We begin to construct the nation to its previous extent and glory. In addition to this endeavour, we start to garrison more men on our eastern borders, in addition to our border with the Roman Empire. Also, we try to influence the Persian Gulf trade to our control, in opposition to the Persia. We improve Mecca every year, donating a significant part of our treasury to the Holy City. As our steady population increases, so does our economy. A significant number of ships are built for our fleet. As we also begin to modernize our army, we improve the many cities of the Caliphate, specifically in Yemen and Iraq.
 * The Caliphate drastically develops military and the economy of the nation. We begin to construct the nation to its previous extent and glory. In addition to this endeavour, we start to garrison more men on our eastern borders, in addition to our border with the Roman Empire. Also, we try to influence the Persian Gulf trade to our control, in opposition to the Persia. We improve Mecca every year, donating a significant part of our treasury to the Holy City. As our steady population increases, so does our economy. A significant number of ships are built for our fleet. As we also begin to modernize our army, we improve the many cities of the Caliphate, specifically in Yemen and Iraq.

1841
''' People should be informed that location bonuses have been reformed. You should check them out on the rules page to see if your nation has been affected. '''
 * Any particular reason there's no Kolkata? The city has served as the gateway for trade in North India, and as a major port for the purchase of products such as jute and muslin. Moreover, it has been a centre for Indian education, science and culture and acts as the heartland for the Bengali Renaissance. And surely, we must not forget that it is the capital of the strongest Indian state, that is financially, technologically and militarily. So yeah, gimme a +1, or +2? LOL

''' Planters in Antillia begin to rise up against the Roman government. The Colony is in Full scale revolt by the end of the year. '''


 * Kingdom of Hamburg: New Mecklenburg in OTL Australia expands by 750 px. In Kuba, several more resistance cells fall thanks to local intelligence, an another 65,000+ Reichstalers are paid out in rewards this year. Two informants prove valuable enough to warrant knighthood. Duchess Sophia speaks personally to any resistance member captured alive, offering them a full pardon if they swear loyalty to the Kingdom of Hamburg, most agree. Those that don't are sentenced to jail time, not execution lest they make a martyr out of them. The attitude of hers towards the combatants has the European newspapers dubbing her "Sohpia the Just". Meanwhile, King Ferdinand names his appointee to succeed Heinrich Oberst as Chancellor: a rose bush, seeming to confirm his madness and probably making him the laughing stock of Europe. Reportedly turning a shade of rage-induced Crimson upon hearing the news, Sophia returns to Hamburg in August, leaving the final operations of the anti-resistance in Duke Belize's and Baron Havana's hands. When she returns, she spends much time in private conversation with fellow Lords, most prominently Duke Lauenburg, Duke Brunswick, Count Hanover, and Baron Stade, all known to be disgruntled with King Ferdinands rule.


 * Sultanate of Bengal: Sultan Mahmud Shah I was proclaimed the Sultan of the Sultanate of Bengal on 1810, and he initiated his rule over the Sultanate soon after. The Sultanate of Bengal saw a slight demographical as immigration from former Bengali crown vassals for the economic opportunity was on the rise. The Bengali population rose about 67.9 million, mostly due to the large influx of Bengali immigrants coming from Vijaynagara. The Empire officially began a reform of the economic system looking to bail the economy out of crisis from war debt, The bullion was geared toward giving the empire a competitive edge in being able to invest millions on a whim in order to drive up investments and production. However, in order to pay off debt, larger taxes are imposed on the wealthier class, with the current monarch starting to become more popular as the general populace viewed him as a Guardian. Meanwhile, the Bengali navy began further development of its new larger classes of steam engine ships, churning out first rate flagships for various fleets, and more third rates, and fourth rates with the occasional second rate to augment the smaller patrol fleets the fifth and sixth rates begin to become more standard as light and medium frigates for singular voyages and patrols among other things. Along the same time, a standardized army of roughly 300,000 men was raised to defend the state from any foreign invasion with soldiers armed with modern rifles and with cannons to be used as an ideal seige equipment. However, apart from the national army, an Imperial Guard was also set up. mainly to protect the Monarchy from any revolutionaries. Therefore, importance was given to the production of firearms and gunpowder. The infantry was also equipped with daggers and swords to be utilised in close combat against the enemy. In agriculture was the largest economic focus of Bengal, selling such goods as rice, wheat, maize, potatoes, indigo, opium, wheat, cannabis and other crops to European merchants as well as Indian. However, jute and muslin in particular, served as the most important exports of Bengal given the general need for such in Europe. The Emperor, Mahmud Shah III implemented a new currency system which was to be the well-regulated silver-based Bengali Tanki. The flocking of populations to Bengal coastal cities continued with a mass increase of population in Visakhapatnam, Calcutta, Bhubaneswar, and various other minor cities and townships throughout the south. Of particular importance was the city of Calcutta which was established as the new capital of Bengal, replacing Pandua. Thus, with the inflow of manpower, the Sultanate expanded upon its shipbuilding and fishery industry, given that the Bay of Bengal had been established as a virtual Bengali lake, with little to no opposition faced from Burma or Vijaynagar. Indeed, Bengal served as the principle centres of industry in the world. Along the same time, the Bengali Renaissance was in full swing with movements such as the Young Bengal movement established that espoused rationalism and atheism as the common denominators of civil conduct amongst the educated masses. The monarchy generally co-operated with the upholders of the renaissance, and brought forth social reforms in order to disband various backward practices such as belief in 'Priests' possessing powers which was termed shirk. Along the same time, education and scientific research was promoted amongst the masses, with schools and colleges constructed throughout the Sultanate. International-standard universities were also constructed at Kolkata, Pauda, Gaur and Visakhapatnam in order for Bengal to advance ahead of other Indian states and maintain a particular pace as the world entered into the stage of industrialization. However, it was the Bengali literature that reached its Golden Age with hundreds of poets and scholars sprouting throughout the Sultanate. The Sultanate itself promoted Urdu as well as Bengali. However, it was generally the former which entered into its zenith since Urdu was largely used amongst the elites. The positive attitude of the populace towards industrialization aided in promoting it, with a railroad system established connecting Sultanate and easing transportation and communication. Along the same time, Bengali influence steadily grew in Jaunpur with extensive co-operation and trade between the two states. [Turn Three of Ten] [Mil/Eco]
 * Kievan Rus': The Kievan Rus' continue to integrate the former Tartar vassals of Cherniv and Azov into their nation. The considerable Tartar-speaking population begins to influence the Kievan Rus'. A considerable amount of the local Tartars have emigrated to the Tartary.
 * Korea: Korea continues to build up its military. Meanwhile, more Taoist, Neo-Confucian and Buddhist temples are built. Taoism rises in popularity and gains more followers. Regular (read: not Imperial) Shinto gains a few more followers as well, mainly along the coastline in Southeastern Korea, particularly in Busan, Jejudo, Ulsan, and the coastal cities and coastal towns of Southern Gyeongsang Province. Mahayana Tao-Shintoism also continues to grow, and begins gaining followers from the areas where Shinto is growing, with some Shintoists switching to Mahayana Tao-Shintoism. The military in the colony of Haejagang (해자강) continues to be on high alert and continues to heavily patrol the Korean settlements.
 * Tibet: military and tech improves, more rights given to people, more gunpowder, other non-significant stuff happens, nothing else.
 * Lombardy: King Stephano III von Habsburg-Visconti, grandson of the first Lombard Kings from House Habsburg-Visconti, starts diplomatic initiatives to help incorporate the vassals of Piemont, Liguria, Ferrara, Modena, and Mantua. The King also decides to build a grand university in the capital of Milan, which is named the Universita da Milan. The mutual defensive pact offered by Aragon is accepted and the King hopes that friendship will prosper between the nations in the years to come. A trade pact is also offered to Reme, hoping to gain secure access to the resources of cotton and tobacco. The King also implements some minor economy reforms, hoping to strengthen the economy in the years to come. The Lombard tongue is also promoted throughout the land as the language to be used in the arts and sciences, as well as court and administration. The King also thinks of establishing an institution in charge of standardizing the language.
 * Croatian Archvoivodeship (Hrvatsko Nadvojvodstvo): Sewerage systems similar to Ragusan ones are built in major towns of the Archvoivodeship. With growing Ragusan influence, and the beginning of further colonization, the navy expands rapidly using much of the Ragusan expertise. Moreover, with the influx of new resources in form of lumber, labour and metals, the navy begins expanding at a fast rate. More and more ships capable of crossing the Atlantic with ease are built. The Sabor intends to restore the glorious naval culture of the Neretva peoples and plans to do so by expanding the navy. The kravata (tie) is more and more used as an accessory. Trade routes are  strengthened and the salt mines around Tuzla are explored as well as the salt industry in Pag and Nin. Using irrigation from the Danube, Sava, Drava, Drina, Cetina, Una, Vrbaš, Kupa, Neretva and other rivers the fields in the kingdom are developed, used for crops such as wheat, rye and barley. With trade routes increasing and Croatia entering an era of peace and of stability, the development of new trade ships is issued. Stone mining is furthered as well as the timber industry. The need for these resources rises as urbanization carries on. Iron ores in Dugopolje, Zenice and at last the 'mud' ore in Vojvodina and eastern Slavonia are to be exploited alongside the silver and copper ores more frequently and of better quality than the iron ores. The exploitation of iron ores in the Lika and Gorski kotar areas continues. The salt industry in Ston is funded by the government. The influx of resources from Dahomey aids the economy. However, the government makes sure that the gold arriving isn't immediately put on the market in order to control the inflation in the worth of gold. The silver mine in Srebrenica is mined. The administrative reform continues. Kotor Saraka (Adelaide) continues to expand. The conquest of Sukadang begins.
 * Županija Dahomey: The natural resources are quickly put to use, such as coconuts, cotton both refined and raw as well as the gold. Finally, the wood industry prospers as materials are needed for new ships that would help keep the connection between Croatia and Dahomey strong.
 * Isles of the Archvoivodeship (Otoci Nadvojvodstva): The infrastructure is built up.
 * Županija of Hercules Pillars' (Županija Herkulovih Stupova): The županija's pivotal position as a trade nod creates an a sufficite allowing for the economy to expand.
 * Priština Voivodeship (Prištinsko Vojvodstvo): Due to the focus on the regional denominations of the nation, the Serbian national sense slowly suffers.
 * Carantanian Voivodeship (Karantansko Vojvodstvo): Being Alpine Slavic nation, the leaders begin a programme to create a standardized Carantanian language that will reflect on both the Slavic and Alpine (Germanic) aspects of Carantania.
 * Andea: The Los Federales take power in the Congress of Buenos Noches this year. Population stands at 24 million. Kurillianka takes the throne in both Andea and Voryloyclayr. Buenos Noches continues to grow, with a population of 65,000. Cuzco remains the largest city, with a population of 190,000. Military stands at 200,000 active men, and another 200,000 in reserve. The nation continues to expand its industry and steam power. The new Federales Government passes the Limitation Doctrine, which gives them the power to declare war should a potential threat be perceived by the Andean Government or her sphere of influence. We also continue our support for the Osean Dictatorship. The war in Osea continues. Seeing Competion with New Munich in Borealia as too costly, the Inca forms the Second Hesperian League and exits from the Union of Hesperia and Borealia.
 * Andean Overseas Territories: The Falkland Islands, under direct control of the Andean Military, prove to be a strategic location in protecting Vorlayacor's coast line. A military force of 15,000 is stationed on the islands.
 * Empire of the Aymara: The Kingdoms of Aymara and Tiwanku merge to form the Empire of Aymara. The nation's population stands at 300,000. Many of the Andeans coming into the nation bring in the idea of a united Andea with them, encourging the idea of civic nationalism.
 * Kingdom of Apeac: Military, economy and navy improve. Population stands at 200,000, as Andean settlers come in, seeking more land then they can get in their homeland. 4000 militiamen remain activated in the territory. 20,000 Andean Military men remain active in the territory. Andean Settlers meet resistance from Mataco raiders, who attack settlements on the frontier.
 * Vorlayacor: Military, economy and navy improve. The nation sees a massive expansion of its infrastructure, with the Royal family owning much of the nation's infrastructure. Population stands at seven million. Military stands at 25,000 active men, with another 20,000 in reserve. Andean Military bases have 35,000 men stationed.The Nation joins the Second Hesperian League.
 * Osean Dictatorship: Known offically as the Federation of Osea, the Dictatorship is run by charsimatic politician, Phillip Cortez. Cortez dedicates the nation towards reuniting Osea. Everytown secured by Coalition forces is annexed into the nation. Possible revolutionaries are tried, many executed. In a speech, Cortez justifies this by asking the Oseans under his wing "They seek to butcher our nation. To fracture and distort our culture. We have already endured so much, it is time to stop being the cattle, and become the Butcher ourselves." . The nation joins the Second Hesperian League. Despite the President's speech, the battle lines begin to stall. The Nation continues to claim all of Osea.
 * Reme: Reme begins to build up its military and economy. After a long, heated discussion of how Reme would be governed, the tribal representatives (as well as notable Byzantine-Borealians) decide to create a republic, with a basic constitution that would be given basic rights to citizens of Reme. After these discussions, a rich Byzantine-Borealian named Stephanos Shawnee, and becomes the first President of Reme. Shawnee starts to upgrade trade and military services. However seeing Reme, a new nation, vulnerable to foreign attack, starts to encourage militarization of the west, and opens up to military alliances with other nations. Meanwhile, trade is improved on, with industrialization, mainly former Byzantine areas slowly being introduced to populous areas. Lumber, cash crops, and other goods become a major export of Reme, and starts getting Reme a jump-start into the European economy. Shawnee also commands the creation of a couple new navy ships, to help modernize the outdated Remian navy. Reme halts its current expansion into the Michigan peninsula, but places a claim on the entirety of it. Instead, expansion occurs along the border with the Commonwealth of Borealia, to establish a clear border among the nations (300 px). Meanwhile, the idea of building coal mines come into mind, especially in the OTL West Virginian area. Coal mining plants are started to be worked on. Reme also starts very slowly changing its focus to industrial things, with a nation wide railroad being considered to be built. Reme incorporates the French territory of Rouenelle as a province of Reme, with Cahokie being designated as a territory of Reme. With this, French is now declared an official language of Reme, with Greek and French made mandatory for children in Reman schools. Reme offers to purchase the Hamburgian colony of Neu Hamburg (Excluding OTL Chareston) for 18 Million Reichstaller, with the Germans already living there given the rights of first class citizens. As well as free trade between Hamburg and Reme, Reme will also offer a military base in Neolaías (OTL Tampa Bay). Reme also reognizes the state of Antillia.
 * Hamburgian Dip: Hamburg agrees to sell the lands outside the immediate vicinity of New Hamburg.
 * The Caliphate drastically develops military and the economy of the nation. We begin to construct the nation to its previous extent and glory. In addition to this endeavour, we start to garrison more men on our eastern borders, in addition to our border with the Roman Empire. Also, we try to influence the Persian Gulf trade to our control, in opposition to the Persia. We improve Mecca every year, donating a significant part of our treasury to the Holy City. As our steady population increases, so does our economy. A significant number of ships are built for our fleet. As we also begin to modernize our army, we improve the many cities of the Caliphate, specifically in Yemen and Iraq.
 * China: The Chinese government continues reform to keep the population happy. The ironclad steam warship goes for sea trials and is successful, being quicker than our sail powered ships, although less maneuverable. The economy continues to improve with more steel smelting and farming of rice increases. The government continues the invasion of Manchu. There are hopes that relations with Japan will improve and our cities will be returned without bloodshed, as well as a possible alliance to keep France and Spain out of Japan and China. The government begins to plant spies and rebels in Manchu to destabilize it. (It's Daeseunglim posting. Sorry, my computer logged me out)
 * Morocco: The Kingdom of Morocco continues to improve its economy, infrastructure and build up its military. Morocco continues to westernize the nation and population continues to grow. The nation expands by 5000 sq km, with a few new cities built and roads built between old and new cities. More schools and houses are built and technology improves as well.
 * Assyria: The Christian church in Assyria is re-formed into the Grand Church of the East. A new tithe system is implemented, requiring all businesses and citizens donate 10% of their salaries to the church every month. Work continues on modernizing the military, with about one thousand eighty rifles imported from Rome. Work continues in Mosul, and more roads continue to be paved. Meanwhile, in a flex of their muscles, the newly reformed Assyrian military takes a small expeditionary force into Persia, seeking to liberate the Kurds from the oppressive Persians.
 * Duchy of Oldenburg:' The military expands, with some more steamships joining our fleet.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire continues to recover from the devastating war that afflicted the nation in recent years, and efforts are made to heal the nation as best as possible. The military is crucial for maintaining the order that is currently in place, and the military continues to train and improve itself to ensure that the law of the land is upheld and the peace is maintained. Trade routes are re-established in order to help the economy recover and new tax laws and reforms are put into place to help the economy recover and grow. The lose of the Borealian provinces hurts the economy significantly, and as such the Roman Empire looks to other markets to replace the goods lost by the loss of the colonies there. The government continues to move along with its new reforms, and the country is preparing for its first elections that will take place in 1800 and will decide the new face of the Senate and Imperial government. With the war with the Damascans concluded, the country celebrates its victory and comes to the conclusion that the war of retribution against the Muslims, Arabs, and Turks has finally reached its conclusion. With that said, the Empire goes about to not only restore and rebuild its new territories, but also protect them and ensure that they never slip from the Empire's grasp again. Economic aid as well as investment and improved infrastructure is used to help restore the lands and bring the people back to the advanced way of life that most of the Empire now experiences. As the Empire continues to grow, it is hit with a revolt in the province of Antillia. Fearing that the land may follow the course of the lost provinces in the Borealian mainland, the Empire snaps to attention and decides to not let the colony leave. Thankfully, most of the natives and islanders there do not support the revolt and as a result the local garrisons, with support from native forces, are able to hold out until Roman reinforcements arrive. The forces battle each other but at the moment it appears that the Empire has the advantage.
 * Lutriwita: The colony was relatively unaffected by the war, and as such life more or less continued on normally, although contact with the Empire was much less often than before. As such, the colony developed a sense of nationalism and independence in very much the same way that the other archonates did during the war. Luckily, the government in Constantinople realizes this and offers them the same representation rights that the archonates are now given in the Imperial Senate. This does much to ease any of the potential political issues at the present time.
 * Italy: Italy begins to recover from the war, and the local military and economy continues to grow and stabilize in the aftermath. The economy is largely built up with help from the central government, as the entire economy is in shambles and the central government is doing its best to help the entire Empire grow and interconnect better through economics.
 * Syria: The former capital region proves to be a considerable issue for the Roman occupation forces, as the region is full of Muslims but also a significant quantity of Christians. Roman forces establish themselves in the city of Antioch, which houses the largest Christian community of Syria, and from there they use military and economic power to heal the land and expand Roman control over taxation, military patrols, and infrastructure rebuilding.
 * In Aragon the nation continues to prosper as a center of the arts and learning. The construction of new buildings, roads and other infrastructure continues. Aragonese merchants and emissaries continue sail across the Mediterranean to expand the reach of Aragon in terms of wealth and diplomatic connections. Aragon also becomes a place where artists and intellectual minds meet and do things. It is cool. Due to the regrowth of the economy, new jobs created in the three major cities lead to more people moving to the cities. Stronger cements are produced, whatever that means, leading to the construction of some taller buildings, especially in the major cities such as Zaragoza and Valencia. The Aragonese Central Railway is finished, connecting Zaragoza to Barcelona and Valencia. With the advent of steam power, factories begin to be built and stuff. Textile mills, cloth factories and other places begin to harness steam power to do more things faster, which creates more jobs that people move to cities to get. Industrialization is gaining speed. The construction of ships and weaponry continues. The Balearic Isles are reintegrated into Aragon
 * Nordic Union: The economy and military of Scandinavia and Britannia improves this year. Import/export businesses in Denmark, Sweden and Norway bring in a considerable amount of income. Urbanization in London leads to rapid industrialization of southern Britannia. This also happens in Copenhagen and Oslo. While Oslo celebrates the explosion of population, Copenhagen starts seeing overcrowding issues. Incentives to resettle in Finnish and Icelandic areas are enacted. Scandinavia and Britannia's chief exports include iron, wood, and other construction materiel, a commodity that is vastly growing in necessity as urbanization increases throughout Europe. Militaries in Europe purchase Nordic iron for ships and weapons. The Scandinavian colonies are a source of even more lumber. The British colonies, in the meantime, provide bountiful food for the Nordic Union. Resources such as pelts bring in massive amounts of profit for Scandinavia, both due to intranational trading and international trading. Scandinavia exports resources such as textiles, dyes and foodstuffs from its trading partners. Interest in coffee plants rises among nobles as the drink becomes more popular among the population of Scandinvia, especially in the upper class and in the aristocracy. Though the bean is expensive to Scandinavia, coffee sales spike. Indonesian powers are offered exclusive trade deals for coffee in exchange for discounted, high-quality wood and iron. Scandinavia retains its alliances with Pskov, the Roman Empire, and many other nations. These alliances are celebrated in the Scandinavian and British courts. The ports in Iceland and London are expanded to accommodate more ships. Education in Scandinavia continues to improve. The literacy rate is steadily increasing as public schools are built throughout the nation. The population of Scandinavia continues to explode as well. Urbanization, more food supplies, better census data, and other factors are all leading to a spike in population. Scandinavia's population is expected to reach twenty million by 1830. While this increase in population does come with benefits, it has its drawbacks as well. In political news, the House of Scandinavia-Britannia continues to remain in charge of Scandinavia. The Riksdag is dominated by this royal house. Scandinavia wishes to become closer to the Dutch. Centuries ago, the Northern Trading Pact had solidified British, Scandinavian and Dutch relations alike. King Nikolos IV says that he would like to return to this. Scandinavia again requests that Mexaca stand down. They remind Mexaca that, at this point in time, they are not in a position to make demands such as that.
 * Durbin: The colony of Durbin expands along the western coast of Australia from the former settlement that crashed there so long ago. With contact and resources flowing in from Scandinavia-Britannia, a minor boom is witnessed (colony expands 1000 sq km south along western coast).
 * Eire: The Irish continue to expand their navy and army, even more so due to the strains in Europe.
 * Ghana: More troops are raised from locals. Military and infrastructure are expanded. Most locals now see themselves as loyal British citizens and now fully vote and represent the colonies, Ghana becomes the first Brittannic colony to invoke near self rule, with little regulation from the homeland due to the mutual respect from the others. Any separatist movements are largely ignored.
 * Helluland: The military and economy are improved. Helluland expands by 10,000 sq km this year. Helluland is responsible for the production of furs in the Scandinavian Empire, generating much profit for the colony.
 * Hondeklip: The military of this African colony expands. In the meantime, Hondeklip expands by 1000 sq km.
 * Huronsmark: The military and economy are improved. Huronsmark expands by 1000 sq km this year. Huronsmark is responsible for the production of furs and timber in the Scandinavian Empire, generating much profit for the colony.
 * Iceland: The military and economy are improved. Iceland is an important port for northern Europeans. Due to the large amounts of trade flowing into Icelandic ports, the population of Iceland increases. Iceland begins to expand its outpost on Greenland by 20,000 sq km this year. The iron mines in Iceland lead to several entrepreneurs flocking to Iceland in the interest of expanding their personal fortunes.
 * Jansylvania: The military and economy are expanded. Jansylvania is Scandinavia's newest colony, though it has grown rapidly since its establishment. Jansylvania yields large amounts of timber, though it is also a massive center of trade between Scandiavia and Native Americans.
 * Karelia: The military and economy expand. Karelia has been in the Scandinavian realm for centuries now. It is the location of many important fortresses, namely Castle Vyborg. Karelia is a massive source of iron for Scandinavia. Trade with Russia and Pskov flows through Karelia during the summer months.
 * New Gotland: The military and economy expand. New Gotland is one of Scandinavia's older colonies. A coastal colony, New Gotland specializes in shipbuilding and trading along the Borealian East Coast. Timber is also produced in New Gotland.
 * New Zealand: The military and economy expand.
 * Ohijo: The militia of Ohijo is established while the economy is established. The capital of Ohijo is established as Rolvstead after General Jans Rolvson, who led the Scandinavians to victory in the Minor Lake Skirmishes. Rolvstead was originally a trading depot for European traders before the Erie tribes raided it. While parts of the town are relatively intact, other parts have been demolished, re-purposed, or have otherwise decayed.
 * Port Edmundburg: Expands by 1000 sq km south and east down the coast. The African colonists begin looking toward mining and other ventures to generate profit. A new newspaper, the first in a colony, is founded, called the Edmundburg Report. The slave trade begins to boom as exploitation of local minerals reaches a high amount. Slaves are sent to the New World to help boost production.
 * Schleswig: The military and economy are expanded. Schleswig has been a vassal of the Scandinavian Empire for quite some time. All land routes into Scandinavia go through this vassal, meaning Schleswig is one of Scandinavia's wealthiest vassals.
 * Scotland: Expands navy and military. The Edinburgh Stock Exchange continues to do well. The Emperor visits Glasgow for the wedding of noblewoman Cassandra De' Levae, wife of the Duke of Westminster in a surprise visit keen on proving that he is open to reconciliation with the House of Hamburg.
 * Sjösmark: The military and economy are expanded. The colony expands by 5000 sq km this year. Trade with Nehilaw brings gold and people into the colony.
 * Strombek: The military and economy are expanded. Strombek expands by 5000 sq km. Strombek is one of Scandinavia's oldest and most successful colonies. Trade along the St Lawrence River makes it one of the wealthiest as well. Strombek is a source of furs and timber for Scandinavia.
 * Vinland: The military and economy are expanded. Vinland expands by 5000 sq km. The oldest of Scandinavia's colonies, Vinland is one of the most populous colonies along the eastern Borealian coast. Its capital, New Copenhagen, has become the most populous city on the east Borealian coast. Immigrants from Northern Europe flock to Vinland, especially New Copenhagen, in search of a new life.

1842
A small earthquake strikes China and Tibet.

The land of Antarctica, long hypothesized, is seemingly confirmed by Dutch and British sailors, who disembark on a few islands near the continent.

Khanate of Azov: We build up our military and economy. Khanate of Bukhara: We build up our military and economy. Khanate of Bajkal: We build up our military and economy. Khanate of Khiva: We build up our military and economy. Kingdom of Parthia: We build up our military and economy.
 * Kingdom of Hamburg: New Mecklenburg in OTL Australia expands by 750 px. The news that the southern landmass written of by Johann Koch during his pacific voyages has been confirmed as real is overshadowed by the events following February 7, 1842. That day, Sophia von Hamburg, Duchess of Lüneburg and sister of King Ferdinand, marches into Hamburg City with her feudal militia. She is accompanied by many other nobles who have grown tired of Ferdinands rule. Instead of encountering resistance, crowds of soldiers and civilians line the streets, cheering and chanting Sophia's name. The Royal residence, Duke Williams Palace, is take without bloodshed. Sophia speaks to a gathered crowd from its steps, saying that Ferdinand's rule is over, and that a new age of reforms has begun. Almost immediately, Prussian and Westphalian nobles, people who took advantage of Ferdinand's incompetence to sap the crown of authority, rally their own feudal militias. But before they can, Sophia meets with the generals and admirals of the regular army and navy. She is able to get assurances that the regulars will be fighting for her. However, an offensive towards Darmstadt is halted by a defeat at the hands of the so-called Ferdinandists, and logistics issues plague the planning of an invasion of Prussia. The year closes with the Sophian army retiring to Hanover, and the Ferdinandists bunking into Frankfurt and Königsberg.
 * Sultanate of Bengal: Sultan Mahmud Shah I was proclaimed the Sultan of the Sultanate of Bengal on 1810, and he initiated his rule over the Sultanate soon after. The Sultanate of Bengal saw a slight demographical as immigration from former Bengali crown vassals for the economic opportunity was on the rise. The Bengali population rose about 68.4 million, mostly due to the large influx of Bengali immigrants coming from Vijaynagara. The Empire officially began a reform of the economic system looking to bail the economy out of crisis from war debt, The bullion was geared toward giving the empire a competitive edge in being able to invest millions on a whim in order to drive up investments and production. However, in order to pay off debt, larger taxes are imposed on the wealthier class, with the current monarch starting to become more popular as the general populace viewed him as a Guardian. Meanwhile, the Bengali navy began further development of its new larger classes of steam engine ships, churning out first rate flagships for various fleets, and more third rates, and fourth rates with the occasional second rate to augment the smaller patrol fleets the fifth and sixth rates begin to become more standard as light and medium frigates for singular voyages and patrols among other things. Along the same time, a standardized army of roughly 300,000 men was raised to defend the state from any foreign invasion with soldiers armed with modern rifles and with cannons to be used as an ideal seige equipment. However, apart from the national army, an Imperial Guard was also set up. mainly to protect the Monarchy from any revolutionaries. Therefore, importance was given to the production of firearms and gunpowder. The infantry was also equipped with daggers and swords to be utilised in close combat against the enemy. In agriculture was the largest economic focus of Bengal, selling such goods as rice, wheat, maize, potatoes, indigo, opium, wheat, cannabis and other crops to European merchants as well as Indian. However, jute and muslin in particular, served as the most important exports of Bengal given the general need for such in Europe. The Emperor, Mahmud Shah III implemented a new currency system which was to be the well-regulated silver-based Bengali Tanki. The flocking of populations to Bengal coastal cities continued with a mass increase of population in Visakhapatnam, Calcutta, Bhubaneswar, and various other minor cities and townships throughout the south. Of particular importance was the city of Calcutta which was established as the new capital of Bengal, replacing Pandua. Thus, with the inflow of manpower, the Sultanate expanded upon its shipbuilding and fishery industry, given that the Bay of Bengal had been established as a virtual Bengali lake, with little to no opposition faced from Burma or Vijaynagar. Indeed, Bengal served as the principle centres of industry in the world. Along the same time, the Bengali Renaissance was in full swing with movements such as the Young Bengal movement established that espoused rationalism and atheism as the common denominators of civil conduct amongst the educated masses. The monarchy generally co-operated with the upholders of the renaissance, and brought forth social reforms in order to disband various backward practices such as belief in 'Priests' possessing powers which was termed shirk. Along the same time, education and scientific research was promoted amongst the masses, with schools and colleges constructed throughout the Sultanate. International-standard universities were also constructed at Kolkata, Pauda, Gaur and Visakhapatnam in order for Bengal to advance ahead of other Indian states and maintain a particular pace as the world entered into the stage of industrialization. However, it was the Bengali literature that reached its Golden Age with hundreds of poets and scholars sprouting throughout the Sultanate. The Sultanate itself promoted Urdu as well as Bengali. However, it was generally the former which entered into its zenith since Urdu was largely used amongst the elites. The positive attitude of the populace towards industrialization aided in promoting it, with a railroad system established connecting Sultanate and easing transportation and communication. Along the same time, Bengali influence steadily grew in Jaunpur with extensive co-operation and trade between the two states. [Turn Four of Ten] [Mil/Eco]
 * Assyria: The war against Persia continues, with Assyrian forces taking sizable parts of Kurd territory. Bashir promises to the Kurds that they will have full representation in the Council of Representatives, and that Assyrian and foreign investments will bring money to the region. Focus on trade continues, with Assyria enjoying its location in the trade routes. One thousand six hundred new rifles are acquired, as well as sixty five cannons. The Mosul Research Institute begins conducting small experiments with electricity, mostly ones already done in Europe decades ago.
 * The Caliphate drastically develops military and the economy of the nation. We begin to construct the nation to its previous extent and glory. In addition to this endeavour, we start to garrison more men on our eastern borders, in addition to our border with the Roman Empire. Also, we try to influence the Persian Gulf trade to our control, in opposition to the Persia. We improve Mecca every year, donating a significant part of our treasury to the Holy City. As our steady population increases, so does our economy. A significant number of ships are built for our fleet. As we also begin to modernize our army, we improve the many cities of the Caliphate, specifically in Yemen and Iraq. The Caliphate calls on Muslim states to defend against the invading Christian forces against Persia. In retaliation to the Assyrian invasion, we declare war on the infidels and call on our ally, Bengal to at the least, send supplies.
 * Bengali Diplomacy: 10,000 Bengali soldiers along with cannons and rifles are sent to the Caliphate, to participate in the war against Assyria. (OOC: Isn't Assyria supposed to be Muslim?)
 * China: The government sends troops and supplies to the eastern provinces to aid in reconstruction. The military ends the offense and begins to construct defenses and pacify the restless population in Manchu. The emperor assures them that they will not be marginalized, and will see the benefits of living under Chinese rule. Taxes in their land are dropped and a regional assembly is formed so any grievances can be heard and addressed. The Chinese government accepts the alliance with Japan, and requests the return of our cities in exchange for an open port pact as well.
 * Andea: The Nationals take power in the Congress of Buenos Noches this year. Population stands at 24 million. Kurillianka takes the throne in both Andea and Voryloyclayr. Buenos Noches continues to grow, with a population of 65,000. Cuzco remains the largest city, with a population of 190,000. Military stands at 200,000 active men, and another 200,000 in reserve. The nation continues to expand its industry and steam power. The new Federales Government passes the Limitation Doctrine, which gives them the power to declare war should a potential threat be perceived by the Andean Government or her sphere of influence. We also continue our support for the Osean Dictatorship. The war in Osea continues. Seeing Competion with New Munich in Borealia as too costly, the Inca forms the Second Hesperian League and exits from the Union of Hesperia and Borealia. The Nationals continue to pursue the idea of a united Andea, continuing to expand their theories throughout the continent. The Novel  A World of Difference, is published by a National Author. The Novel depicts a world in which Andea is divided, leading to another era of colonialism in Hesperia.
 * Andean Overseas Territories: The Falkland Islands, under direct control of the Andean Military, prove to be a strategic location in protecting Vorlayacor's coast line. A military force of 15,000 is stationed on the islands.
 * Empire of the Aymara: The Kingdoms of Aymara and Tiwanku merge to form the Empire of Aymara. The nation's population stands at 300,000. Many of the Andeans coming into the nation bring in the idea of a united Andea with them, encourging the idea of civic nationalism.
 * Kingdom of Apeac: Military, economy and navy improve. Population stands at 200,000, as Andean settlers come in, seeking more land then they can get in their homeland. 4000 militiamen remain activated in the territory. 20,000 Andean Military men remain active in the territory. Andean Settlers meet resistance from Mataco raiders, who attack settlements on the frontier.
 * Vorlayacor: Military, economy and navy improve. The nation sees a massive expansion of its infrastructure, with the Royal family owning much of the nation's infrastructure. Population stands at seven million. Military stands at 25,000 active men, with another 20,000 in reserve. Andean Military bases have 35,000 men stationed.The Nation joins the Second Hesperian League.
 * Osean Dictatorship: Known offically as the Federation of Osea, the Dictatorship is run by charsimatic politician, Phillip Cortez. Cortez dedicates the nation towards reuniting Osea. Everytown secured by Coalition forces is annexed into the nation. Possible revolutionaries are tried, many executed. In a speech, Cortez justifies this by asking the Oseans under his wing "They seek to butcher our nation. To fracture and distort our culture. We have already endured so much, it is time to stop being the cattle, and become the Butcher ourselves." . The nation joins the Second Hesperian League. Despite the President's speech, the battle lines begin to stall. The Nation continues to claim all of Osea.
 * Lombardy: King Stephano III continues building the Universita da Milan, making much progress. The King also offers a trade pact to Aragon, hoping to even further strengthen the relations between the two nations. He again offers a trade pact to the nation of Reme. He also absorbs the vassals of Piemont, Liguria, Ferrara, Modena, and Mantua into the main body of nation, making them provinces of Lombardy. The King also acts upon his thoughts of making an institution for standardizing the Lombard language, forming the Accademia Lumbaart. He hires many writers and knowledgeable men to establish the organization. He also immediately orders work to be started upon a dictionary of the Lombard tongue, taking surveys of the dialects spoken in Milan and the surrounding areas in order to gather knowledge for the project. The King also plans to house the Accademia Lumbaart in the Universita da Milan when it is finished. The King also continues to implement small reforms on the economy, further strengthening the economy. The King also starts the building the Tri-Milan-Turin-Genoa Railway, and starts heavyscale industrialization of nation. The King's wife, Alicia Trastamara-Wittelsbach, has a son, who is named Giovanni.
 * Reman Diplomacy: The nation of Reme is sorry that they weren't able to respond to Lombary's trade pact before, amdnow the accept the offer.
 * BoraliaFlag.pngCommonwealth of Borealia: Both the military and economy improve. The continual industrial revolution has led to an increasing birth rate. Recent theories on economics and agriculture have led to the expansion of businesses at an exponential rate, including various forms of manufacturing, mining, and printing. Machines using steam power are also popular, as the first factories appear. Some of these businesses are also internationally based, buying and selling to the neighboring colonies of France, Britain, and Scandinavia, as well as the sovereign states of Reme, Arcadia, Aragon, Algonquia and Germany. The most productive of these businesses is the buffalo industry, monopolized by a few companies based in Kristallstadt (OTL Salt Lake City). The professional army and cavalry are continually trained, while the forts on both borders are expanded and new artillery is manufactured. Rifles are now standard equipment across the military. Caravels and frigates fitted with steam engines are constructed while coastal merchant trade expands across the Pacific. The University of New Vienna continues to produce new intellectuals and engineers. Railroads for steam engines begin to be built to span many cities across the plains. The first telephone company opens to sell this commodity across the commonwealth. Telegraphs are commonly used across the state, and some news bulletins are published across it. As military and diplomatic support is sent to Reme, the curia also offers to mass manufacture raw materials from them and sell bison products. The new steamships have allowed for more colonial expansion along the coast, as far as the Kenai Peninsula. The Kiatagmiut Band continues to be influenced in the prospect of annexing their territory. Support is given to the rebels in the Caribbean. We seek an alliance with the Empire of China. We also offer an alliance with Japan, on the condition that they release the Kiamigutai colony (OTL Aleutian Islands) in respect of the New Munich declaration. Most significantly, though, the Curia proposes to construct a transcontinental railroad to connect the major cities of Borealia, Reme, and Algonquia (layed out here). As the path of this railroad will intersect uncharted/unincorporated territory, the construction of this railroad will accelerate expansion in those areas.
 * Algonquia: Accepts the proposal.
 * Reme: Reme finds interest in the idea of a continental railroa. However, would like to change the border proposed between Borealia and us we would also like it if the rairoad ran through Cahokia (OTL Chicago) and a separate line to New Orleans and Florida if possble if possible. (I will make a proposed change on the main page)
 * Korea: Korea continues to build up its military. Meanwhile, more Taoist, Neo-Confucian and Buddhist temples are built. Taoism rises in popularity and gains more followers. Regular (read: not Imperial) Shinto gains a few more followers as well, mainly along the coastline in Southeastern Korea, particularly in Busan, Jejudo, Ulsan, and the coastal cities and coastal towns of Southern Gyeongsang Province. Mahayana Tao-Shintoism also continues to grow, and begins gaining followers from the areas where Shinto is growing, with some Shintoists switching to Mahayana Tao-Shintoism. The military in the colony of Haejagang (해자강) continues to be on high alert and continues to heavily patrol the Korean settlements.
 * Japanese Empire: We improve our military and our economy. We recruit more troops and now we have 500.000 troops. We fully mobilize. We also colonize the rest of the (OTL) Kuril Islands. We conduct a census and we see that we have 32.000.000 citizens, we encourage them to make more children. We ask Russia for an alliance. We secretly propose an alliance to China, to give them all our ports on the mainland with the exception of lands in Manchuria and Korea and they will will give us Hainan and we will jointly invade Korea and Manchuria and we will split them like that: http://s16.postimg.org/8wc1lp5bp/PMIII_1835.png, we will also peacefully deport any Chinese, Korean or Manchurian on our lands and protectorates and send them to China and they will do the same with Japanese in China, they will not conflict with our interests in the sea as we will not conflict with their interests in the mainland and they will promise not to attack us for 200 years. If they accept then we declare war to Manchuria.Many improvements/repairs on the infrastructure are made. We ask China to honor our agreement and give us control of Hainan to give them our city/ports in China and to have a population exchange as agreed. We declare war to Manchuria and we fully mobilize and invade them. (Mil/Eco Turn)
 * Formosa: We begin to send more Japanese people to colonize and we deport the Chinese to Japanese ports in China. Many improvements/repairs on the infrastructure are made. We aid the economy by subsiding Japanese owned companies in Formosa.
 * Papua: We expand our colony 20,000 sq km this year. Many improvements/repairs on the infrastructure are made.We aid the economy by subsiding Japanese owned companies in Papua.
 * Kamchatka: We start colonizing the Kamchatka Peninsula expanding our colony 20,000 sq km this year. Our colonists start building a city in the southern part of the colony named New Edo.
 * Japanese Overseas City/Ports: We unite all our city ports in China into one single vassal for the time being. The Chinese, especially the new arrivals peacefully demonstrate for their independmence but we inscrease the soldier stationed there and we promise them that they will soon be under Chinese administration/part of China.
 * Chinese Dip: We agree.
 * Morocco: The Kingdom of Morocco continues to improve its economy, infrastructure and build up its military. Morocco continues to westernize the nation and population continues to grow. The nation expands by 5000 sq km, with a few new cities built and roads built between old and new cities. More schools and houses are built and technology improves as well. Thanks to the African Industrial Revolution, more factories are built in largest cities of Morocco, thus many Moroccans moves from countryside to cities to give a better life from working in industries in the future. Sunni Islam rises in popularity and gains more followers.
 * Algonquia: Launches huge-scale modernization efforts, focusing on the military, economy and infrastructure. Focus on modernizing the navy and creating an effective ferry service to link the nation together results in the launch of new and more modern ships. Telegraph lines are expanded to Chemiwanit in the far West. All vassals also modernize, although more slowly. Algonquian merchants begin to look for trade opportunities in more far-flung markets, like Hesperia and the Imperial Sea. The war in Newfoundland proves bloody, but Algonquian troops hold their own against the Dutch, with the Beothuk contingents fighting especially hard to liberate their homeland. An agreement is signed with the Dutch, bringing the war to a quick end. The High Sachem mollifies the population by assuring them the war will bring great benefits in the future. The military undergoes significant exercises this year, to further its preparation for another conflict. Algonquia expands 5000 km north.
 * Odawa: Odawa improves its military, and focuses on industrialization in emulation of Algonquia. Mackinac prospers, and is treated as the nation's "second city".
 * Menominee: The newly united states develop military and economy.
 * Hielijan: The economy continues to develop through trade and Beothuk immigrate.
 * United Kingdoms of Tondo: (I still exist right? And mods, I assume all the blue areas in the Philippines are my territory?) We adopt a federal system of government with Datus and Rajahs in charge of their own 'barangays' (the term I'm using for U.S States or Swiss Cantons) while still under the power of an elected Prime Minister. The population stands at a meager 10 million, and efforts to increase this trhough the construction of communes and houses across the islands are started. Every family is entitled a plot of land corresponding to their size in an attempt to encourage the populace to be self-sufficient in food. A percentage of the crops they farm must be given to their local Barangay, while the barangay gives half of it to the central government in Maynila. We ask to build relations with nearby states and countries.
 * No, that's French Philippines. -Sky
 * Kievan Rus': The Kievan Rus' continue to integrate the former Tartar vassals of Cherniv and Azov into their nation.
 * Tartary: The economy and military of Tartary are developed this year. Farming is the largest industry throughout the nation. The nation continues to develop cities. The population of Tartary continues to become larger. Tartary looks to establish an alliance with Scandinavia. We continue to expand 1000 px northeast. The Emperor position is re-established, and Alexis I becomes the Emperor.
 * Great Perm: We build up our military and economy.
 * Croatian Archvoivodeship (Hrvatsko Nadvojvodstvo): Sewerage systems similar to Ragusan ones are built in major towns of the Archvoivodeship. With growing Ragusan influence, and the beginning of further colonization, the navy expands rapidly using much of the Ragusan expertise. Moreover, with the influx of new resources in form of lumber, labour and metals, the navy begins expanding at a fast rate. More and more ships capable of crossing the Atlantic with ease are built. The Sabor intends to restore the glorious naval culture of the Neretva peoples and plans to do so by expanding the navy. The kravata (tie) is more and more used as an accessory. Trade routes are  strengthened and the salt mines around Tuzla are explored as well as the salt industry in Pag and Nin. Using irrigation from the Danube, Sava, Drava, Drina, Cetina, Una, Vrbaš, Kupa, Neretva and other rivers the fields in the kingdom are developed, used for crops such as wheat, rye and barley. With trade routes increasing and Croatia entering an era of peace and of stability, the development of new trade ships is issued. Stone mining is furthered as well as the timber industry. The need for these resources rises as urbanization carries on. Iron ores in Dugopolje, Zenice and at last the 'mud' ore in Vojvodina and eastern Slavonia are to be exploited alongside the silver and copper ores more frequently and of better quality than the iron ores. The exploitation of iron ores in the Lika and Gorski kotar areas continues. The salt industry in Ston is funded by the government. The influx of resources from Dahomey aids the economy. However, the government makes sure that the gold arriving isn't immediately put on the market in order to control the inflation in the worth of gold. The silver mine in Srebrenica is mined. The administrative reform continues. Kotor Saraka (Adelaide) continues to expand. The conquest of Sukadang begins.
 * Županija Dahomey: The natural resources are quickly put to use, such as coconuts, cotton both refined and raw as well as the gold. Finally, the wood industry prospers as materials are needed for new ships that would help keep the connection between Croatia and Dahomey strong.
 * Isles of the Archvoivodeship (Otoci Nadvojvodstva): The infrastructure is built up.
 * Županija of Hercules Pillars' (Županija Herkulovih Stupova): The županija's pivotal position as a trade nod creates an a sufficite allowing for the economy to expand.
 * Priština Voivodeship (Prištinsko Vojvodstvo): Due to the focus on the regional denominations of the nation, the Serbian national sense slowly suffers.
 * Carantanian Voivodeship (Karantansko Vojvodstvo): Being Alpine Slavic nation, the leaders begin a programme to create a standardized Carantanian language that will reflect on both the Slavic and Alpine (Germanic) aspects of Carantania.
 * Reme: Reme begins to build up its military and economy. After a long, heated discussion of how Reme would be governed, the tribal representatives (as well as notable Byzantine-Borealians) decide to create a republic, with a basic constitution that would be given basic rights to citizens of Reme. After these discussions, a rich Byzantine-Borealian named Stephanos Shawnee, and becomes the first President of Reme. Shawnee starts to upgrade trade and military services. However seeing Reme, a new nation, vulnerable to foreign attack, starts to encourage militarization of the west, and opens up to military alliances with other nations. Meanwhile,, trade is improved on, with industrialization, mainly former Byzantine areas slowly being introduced to populous areas. Lumber, cash crops, and other goods become a major export of Reme, and starts getting Reme a jump-start into the European economy. Shawnee also commands the creation of a couple new navy ships, to help modernize the outdated Remian navy. Reme continues its current expansion into the Michigan peninsula, expanding another 150 px into it. Meanwhile, the idea of building coal mines come into mind, especially in the OTL West Virginian area. Coal mining plants are started to be worked on. Reme also starts very slowly changing its focus to industrial things, with a nation wide railroad being considered to be built. Reme incorporates the French territory of Rouenelle as a province of Reme, with Cahokie being designated as a territory of Reme. With this, French is now declared an official language of Reme, with Greek and French made mandatory for children in Reman schools.
 * Duchy of Oldenburg: The Catholic Church-run schools are. Now in full swing, with large numbers of poor children gaining basic literacy and numeracy skills. In other news, the OHG, upon hearing of this new Southern Continent (which it names "Antipodea"), decides to send an expedition to the frigid Southern seas next year to determine their use for whaling and sealing. Whaling and sealing, the traditional source of income for the OHG, has become more difficult in the North Atlantic recently due to depleted stocks.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire continues to recover from the devastating war that afflicted the nation in recent years, and efforts are made to heal the nation as best as possible. The military is crucial for maintaining the order that is currently in place, and the military continues to train and improve itself to ensure that the law of the land is upheld and the peace is maintained. Trade routes are re-established in order to help the economy recover and new tax laws and reforms are put into place to help the economy recover and grow. The lose of the Borealian provinces hurts the economy significantly, and as such the Roman Empire looks to other markets to replace the goods lost by the loss of the colonies there. The government continues to move along with its new reforms, and the country is preparing for its first elections that will take place in 1800 and will decide the new face of the Senate and Imperial government. With the war with the Damascans concluded, the country celebrates its victory and comes to the conclusion that the war of retribution against the Muslims, Arabs, and Turks has finally reached its conclusion. With that said, the Empire goes about to not only restore and rebuild its new territories, but also protect them and ensure that they never slip from the Empire's grasp again. Economic aid as well as investment and improved infrastructure is used to help restore the lands and bring the people back to the advanced way of life that most of the Empire now experiences. As the Empire continues to grow, it is hit with a revolt in the province of Antillia. Fearing that the land may follow the course of the lost provinces in the Borealian mainland, the Empire snaps to attention and decides to not let the colony leave. Thankfully, most of the natives and islanders there do not support the revolt and as a result the local garrisons, with support from native forces, are able to hold out until Roman reinforcements arrive. The forces battle each other but at the moment it appears that the Empire has the advantage. The war swings in favor of the loyalists and Roman forces begin to gain control back of the territory. In other news, supplies are sent to the Assyrians to help in the defense of their homeland.
 * Lutriwita: The colony was relatively unaffected by the war, and as such life more or less continued on normally, although contact with the Empire was much less often than before. As such, the colony developed a sense of nationalism and independence in very much the same way that the other archonates did during the war. Luckily, the government in Constantinople realizes this and offers them the same representation rights that the archonates are now given in the Imperial Senate. This does much to ease any of the potential political issues at the present time.
 * Italy: Italy begins to recover from the war, and the local military and economy continues to grow and stabilize in the aftermath. The economy is largely built up with help from the central government, as the entire economy is in shambles and the central government is doing its best to help the entire Empire grow and interconnect better through economics.
 * Syria: The former capital region proves to be a considerable issue for the Roman occupation forces, as the region is full of Muslims but also a significant quantity of Christians. Roman forces establish themselves in the city of Antioch, which houses the largest Christian community of Syria, and from there they use military and economic power to heal the land and expand Roman control over taxation, military patrols, and infrastructure rebuilding.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 100 sq km among both colonies into the Galapago Islands called Illes d'Neptune. The colonies continue growing as expected. The colony of Nouvelle Rouen continues to expand inland throughout the land corridor given by Cahokie by 9800 sq km. Mining continues in the colony of Nouvelle Orleans. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The king is outraged, for such freedom given to the Rhenish kingdom so much betrayal! In an act of sheer punishment he declares an all-out war against the rebels and the nobles he dispatches a coalition army of around 400,000 troops (from all around the empire) to quell the uprising. in the now called French Borealia, the displacement of small Spanish settlements begin, offering a free ride for them to return back into Castile, and exchange or sell their possessions in the colonies or swear allegiance to the King. Trinity colony expands by 700 sq km, a local uprising begins in Nouvelle Orleans city (OTL Cartagena de las Indias, Colombia) it soon spreads through the country to Coucut (OTL Cucuta) Sableville (in Falcon Venezuela) and St Joseph d'Bacatte (OTL Bogota) and Basse Nubou (shortened Nouvelle Bourdeaux, OTL Bucaramanga) Demanding the lowering of the taxes in the colony, and the granting of local self ruling, the King considers it, making a promise to do so within the next 30 years, thinking it to be far enough for the promise to be forgotten. The government agrees on giving the Californian state or region self rule recognizing its own right to determine its destiny, however, remaining a territory of the Borealian Domain. The colony of Emeraldia is given free state status with the official name of Etat-livre du Nouvelle Orleans.
 * Kingdom of Rhenanie: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Kingdom of Lower Burgundy: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Sardinia-Corsica: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The Sardinian language has lowered its usage to only 10% of the population of Sardinia (roughly 50,000 people) with the speaking African (43%) and French (38%) or Vandalian (9% African Rhenish German dialect) and with the vast majority being able to speak both African and French (that is more or less 85% of the nation's population). The population is stable at 500,000 people.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The African language has become the de facto leading language surpassing every other (outside of French) being spoken by the 2.3 million people living in the country as either native or second language. Vandalian, however, dominates area of Tripolitania's coast with a population of around 5000 speakers in the region. French is still the main language officially. Trading outposts begin to be made in the border of the country to trade with Tuareg and inland tribes. Sends supplies to the Rhenish War.
 * French Mali: Due to vast piracy campaigns which France and Spain have contributed to has resulted in many pirate coves in the Bissagos Islands, and as a result a larger influx of Frenchmen arrived this year, though they still don't even make up 1% yet. Ports continue to expand appropriately and the region becomes a place worth note on many maps. Roads continue being built to outlying villages and plantations continue being built.
 * Artois: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure and navy are built up. The nation prepares an army for the conflict in Britannia.
 * Free City of Danzig: The military, economy, infrastructure, and navy are built up, Danzig asks for an alliance with the current Prussian and Polish government.
 * In Aragon the nation continues to prosper as a center of the arts and learning. The construction of new buildings, roads and other infrastructure continues. Aragonese merchants and emissaries continue sail across the Mediterranean to expand the reach of Aragon in terms of wealth and diplomatic connections. Aragon also becomes a place where artists and intellectual minds meet and do things. It is cool. Due to the regrowth of the economy, new jobs created in the three major cities lead to more people moving to the cities. Stronger cements are produced, whatever that means, leading to the construction of some taller buildings, especially in the major cities such as Zaragoza and Valencia. A rail link between Zaragoza and Madrid is proposed. With the advent of steam power, factories begin to be built and stuff. Textile mills, cloth factories and other places begin to harness steam power to do more things faster, which creates more jobs that people move to cities to get. Industrialization is gaining speed. The construction of ships and weaponry continues.
 * In Pskov, the GDP rises along with average wages. The Inter-Republic Road network is expanded. The Science and technology aspect of Pskov is not overlooked either. As prosperity in the nation increases, the amount of money and new people investing in institutions of higher learning. As such, the various schools that existed in Nizhegorodsk-Na-Narve unite and form the "University of Nizhegorodsk", beginning a rivalry between it and Pskov. The Pskovians want to encourage immigration from Russia, and are somewhat more successful with the Muscovite serfs, who can move around freely with their landlord's consent. This puts much issues with the leadership of Novgorod and Muscovy, who think Pskov is just looking for a fight. The ruble is becoming more and more used and is becoming the unofficial currency of Russia. The idea of currency reform, to reform it to a decimal system is put out, in order to simplify much trade (even though it is already simple enough with multiples of 20). Zlatobrezhie becomes more and more wealthy as more people get used to over 100 years of Pskovian governance. A Pskovian Gunsmith, tired of the smoke from his pistol, inadvertantly invents the percussion cap, and makes a few prototypes. After much pressure, The Pskov Imperial Company strengthens the defences of the Pskovian Isles, and decides to offer pirates an official pardon for their crimes, so long as they give up their ship and riches, and return to Europe to live their lives as common civilians. However, if caught a second time, there would be no pardon and they would be turned over to the colony they were captured closest to, to await their fate. Due to the world recession, and the deaths of many merchants, many Pskovians and Union citizens have taken advantage of this by taking the place and having a much larger share of the world economy, increasing the GDP by several orders of magnitude. The Grand Senate, in the wake of the civil war, gains more and more powers. Support for political unification is becoming increasingly common, as people ponder how to reduce the amount of rebellions in the future. The Pskovian industrial complex begins to be more and more built up, with much more mechanization as technology advances. An inquisitive physicist, Vecheslav Drobovitskiy invents the Twin-piston steam engine, and sells his invention to the highest bidder. A new wave of industry is about to enter the nation of Pskov. As improvements in many fields of knowledge begin to rise, Pskov is seen more and more as the heart of Russian civilization. After the death of the current Patriarch of Pskov, a Tverian bishop is elected to the post, taking the name Patriarch Alexis I and moves into the Trinity Monestary in Pskov, becoming the new Patriarch of Pskov and all the Russias. The Grand Senate's powers grow more and more, as it asserts itself as the highest power in the union slowly, but surely. After almost a hundred years of growing powers, the de-facto situation in the Union is that it is now effectively a federation. A large summit is set to divide the powers between all nations and the Grand Senate in an official manner, and limit its influence because they fear of the National parliaments will soon have no powers compared to it. AFter a year of negotiations, a new constitution is decided upon which officialy divides powers between the National parliaments and the federal parliaments (issues such as war, agriculture, industry, fishing, infrastructure, medicine, educaiton, etc...). The New nation is re-formed into the Grand Union of Balts, Slavs and Finns (GUBSF).
 * BaiernFlag8.pngKingdom of Bavaria (Constituent State of the Crown-Union of Germany): In 1842, Bavaria expands its economy. National infrastructure is developed. The population continues to rise. Trausnitz is returned to its place as national capital. CuriaBavariaFlag.png The Curia Bavaria, also known as the Bavarian Parliament or Bavarian Diet, continue to operate in the Parliamentary Palace in Landshut. It is a regional legislature. The Diet orders the German Army to be outfitted in modern uniform and to hold modern weaponry. In political news, the Curia Bavaria continue to implement infrastructural, diplomatic, and tax base laws. In Munich, Queen Isabell University remains a staple of education in Bavaria. King Franz-Rudolph I (born 1798) and his children; Maria (born 1817) and Johann (born 1822) compose the current royal family. Several modern warships and trade vessels begin construction at Bremen Port. Modern weaponry make its introduction into Bavaria. In diplomatic news, Germany maintains alliances with Hamburg, Britannia, France, The Netherlands, Scandinavia and Rome. There has been an uptick of 80% of Bavaro-German primary speakers in Franconia, Saxony, Pomerania, and Brandenburg, and uptick of 95% secondary speakers in those areas. In colonial news, Nei Baiern continues to expand. In political news, the King continues to sit at both Bavarian and Austrian privy councils. In industrial news, the effects of industrialization and urbanization begin to be felt in Swabia, Würzburg and Bavaria, where Stuttgart becomes the center of manufacturing and modern production. By year end, it becomes clear that industrialization is spreading in Germany after a long period of stagnation. In 1827, several textile factories and manufacturing foundries open up in Landshut, and they soon employ child labour in order to largen the workforce. Barely anyone complains about this as child labour becomes a large source of income for many impoverished families. In other news, rumors fly concerning the dissolution of the now-defunct RBSC. These rumors become reality in 1828 when the RBSC officially dissolves. Many people go out of work, and a slight economic downturn takes place. However, nothing major occurs and many people find jobs in the industrial sector. Bavaria continues aiding the Borealians. In Europe, many women and religious minorities who previously ample work in the court have now been pushed down the social ladder by King Franz-Rudolph's conservative ascendancy. In other news, several textile companies grow prominent in Munich and Passau. In 1835, the revolt in Vienna is swiftly crushed and Anna von H.W. continues to be imprisoned. She is sentenced to deportation, and through agreements with King Ferdinand of Hamburg, she is sent there. In positive news, the railway industry expands greatly and causes an economic upswing. However, as early as 1836, people begin to be perturbed by the excessively low wages that rail workers are receiving. By year end, many also begin to critically analyze child labor and its prevalence in places like Landshut and Munich. With this, two political parties acutely develop in the Diet. On the right are those supported by the King: Randolphine Conservatives, who publicly support the King's original decision in annexing the two aforementioned states. They also support social conservatism, industrialization, capitalism, and a quieter version of romanticism. On the left there are those who would most likely be supported by late Queen Mary I or her son: Marian Liberals, who support the King's most recent decision in the creation of Commonwealths, as well as social liberalism, regulated industrialization, and anti-corruption. Many liberals also supported Anna von H.W., while their right-wing counterparts certainly do not. Another interesting difference between them is that the Marian Liberals supported public works and heavy investment in infrastructure, while conservatives think that each constituent state should handle their own infrastructure and economy. For instance, the liberals would support the actions of King Albert after the Austrian war of the 1650s, when he spearheaded campaigns to reconstruct the battered state of roads, ports, and farms of Austria. In other news, several newspapers and authores publish works detailing the plight of the lower class and seeming disappearance of the middle class.
 * ddcoa2.pngDeutsche Diet: The Deutsche Diet, also known as the German Parliament or German Diet, is established by the decree of Queen Frances I in 1736, and is given a charter that year.
 * Flag_of_Austria.svgKingdom of Austria (Constituent State of the CUG): Troops authorized by the King and Queen continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. The Austrian Council is created as an independent privy council for the King. CuriaAustriaFlag.png Curia Austria remains the official legislature in Austria. The Curia is popular in Vienna and surrounding areas. Parliamentarians usually pass laws concerning taxes, diplomacy, and infrastructure. Johann Florinsburg is successfully re-elected as Minister-Governor in 1822. The next elections are to be held in 1832.
 * Flag_of_Most_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svgKingdom of Venezia (Constituent State of the CUG): Troops authorized by the King continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. The Curia Venexia is responsible for overseeing the legal, economic and political goings on of all those in Venezia.
 * Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Brandenburg.svgCommonwealth of Brandenburg (Constituent State of the CUG): Brandenburg is re-established in 1837, and a Governor is elected promptly thereafter. Having more autonomy than other Bavaro-German realms, the Governor creates many new departments in Brandenburg. Among them is the Department of the Military, which train troops and research modern military technology. Also created is the Department of Commerce and Treasury, which handles issues of domestic economy and foreign trade.
 * Pommernflagpm3.pngCommonwealth of Pomerania (Constituent State of the CUG): Pomerania is re-established in 1837, and a Governor is elected promptly thereafter. Having more autonomy than other Bavaro-German realms, the Governor creates many new departments in Pomerania. Among them is the Department of War, which handles military strategy and financing. Also created are two smaller departments, each being responsible for the Army and the Navy. Also created is a Department of Treasurers. Interestingly enough, a Department of Polish Affairs is created to better assimilate the ethnic Polish minorities into Bavaro-German culture.
 * Flag_of_Bremen.svgBremen Port  (Constituent Territory of the CUG): Troops authorized by the King and Queen continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Several cogs are constructed, and plans are drafted to construct many larger ships. Several modern warships and trade vessels begin construction at Bremen Port.
 * NewBavariaFlag.pngNew Bavaria (Colony of the CUG): The colony of Nei Baiern continues to expand in population. Katharinas-Hafen, Franznacken, Bayreuth, Nei Regens, and Regenholz all expand by the end of the year. Houses and shops in each settlement continue being built. Jülichsberg and Wittlesberg both expand. Nei Baiern expands 2000 km. The militias and shops are developed. A small logging and fishing town is founded north of Wilhelmsbaum island, on the mainland. The settlement, mainly populated by Saxons, comes to be called Regenholz.
 * PearlRiverFlag.pngPearl River (Colony of the CUG): The outpost of Perlefluss is established. A capital is expected to be constructed over the next few years. The capital of Pearl River is named Pearl River, after the colony itself.

1843
For a few months this year Eta Carinae becomes the second brightest star in the sky.

A total solar eclipse occurs this year in southern Asia.

'''The DS Norway is launched. The Norway is the first iron-hulled, propeller-driven ship to cross the Atlantic Ocean.'''

The first Telegraph line in the UK is laid


 * Kingdom of Hamburg: The civil war in Hamburg rages on, though both sides heed Emperor Conrad's call to meet in Osnabruck, but ceasefire details couldn't be reached, so the fighting continues. It is clear from the beginning the two sides, Ferdinandist and Sophian, hold very different values: pro-Salian and anti-Salian, pro-decentralization and pro-centralization, parliamentarists and royalists. As the groups gather in Osnabruck, the Sophian armies repel a Ferdinandist invasion in back-to-back victories at Bremen and Braunschweig. Meanwhile, the so-far untested Hamburgian Royal Marines land in Memel, in preparation for an army invasion.


 * Sultanate of Bengal: Sultan Mahmud Shah I was proclaimed the Sultan of the Sultanate of Bengal on 1810, and he initiated his rule over the Sultanate soon after. The Sultanate of Bengal saw a slight demographical as immigration from former Bengali crown vassals for the economic opportunity was on the rise. The Bengali population rose about 68.4 million, mostly due to the large influx of Bengali immigrants coming from Vijaynagara. The Empire officially began a reform of the economic system looking to bail the economy out of crisis from war debt, and the bullion was geared toward giving the empire a competitive edge in being able to invest millions on a whim in order to drive up investments and production. However, in order to pay off debt, larger taxes were imposed on the wealthier class, with the current monarch starting to become more popular as the general populace viewed him as 'one of their own'. Meanwhile, the Bengali military was divided into a Naval Force, Land Force and an Imperial Guard with each having their appointed head, answerable to the Sultan. The Bengali navy began further development of its new larger classes of steam engine ships, churning out first rate flagships for various fleets, and more third rates, and fourth rates with the occasional second rate to augment the smaller patrol fleets, the fifth and sixth rates began to become more standard as light and medium frigates for singular voyages and patrols among other things. For the land force, a standardized army of roughly 300,000 was raised with soldiers armed with modern rifles and with cannons to be used as an ideal seige equipment. The infantry was also equipped with daggers and swords, although the latter were usually ceremonial. The land forces acted to prevent any foreign incursion into Bengal whilst the Imperial Guard existed to thwart any attempt by revolutionaries to abolish the Sultanate. Given the lack of supply of armaments from Europe, many armament companies were established at local as well as national level which served national interests, as they actively engaged in production of firearms. In agriculture was the largest economic focus of Bengal, selling such goods as rice, wheat, maize, potatoes, indigo, opium, wheat, cannabis and other crops to European merchants as well as Indian. However, jute and muslin in particular, served as the most important exports of Bengal given the general need for such in Europe. The Emperor, Mahmud Shah III implemented a new currency system which was to be the well-regulated silver-based Bengali Tanki. The flocking of populations to Bengal coastal cities continued, with a mass increase of population in Visakhapatnam, Calcutta, Bhubaneswar, and various other minor cities and townships throughout the south. Of particular importance was the city of Calcutta which was established as the new capital of Bengal, replacing Pandua. Thus, with the constant inflow of manpower towards the coast, the Sultanate expanded upon its shipbuilding and fishery industry, and actively exploited the riches of the Bay of Bengal as it had been established as a virtual Bengali lake, with little to no opposition faced from Burma or Vijaynagar. Indeed, Bengal served as the principle centres of industry in the world. Along the same time, the Bengali Renaissance was in full swing with movements such as the Young Bengal movement established that espoused rationalism and atheism as the common denominators of civil conduct amongst the educated masses. The monarchy generally co-operated with the upholders of the renaissance, and brought forth social reforms in order to disband various backward practices such as belief in 'Priests' possessing powers which was termed shirk. Along the same time, education and scientific research was promoted amongst the masses, with schools and colleges constructed throughout the Sultanate. International-standard universities were also constructed at Kolkata, Pauda, Gaur and Visakhapatnam in order for Bengal to advance ahead of other Indian states and maintain a particular pace as the world entered into the stage of industrialization. However, it was the Bengali literature that reached its Golden Age with hundreds of poets and scholars sprouting throughout the Sultanate. The Sultanate itself promoted Urdu as well as Bengali. However, it was generally the former which entered into its zenith since Urdu was largely used amongst the elites. The positive attitude of the populace towards industrialization aided in promoting it, with a railroad system established connecting Sultanate and easing transportation and communication. Along the same time, Bengali influence steadily grew in Jaunpur with extensive co-operation and trade between the two states. Astrologers in Bengal observe the solar eclipse and do astrology stuff. Most of the illiterate people assume that the eclipse has special powers and start doing stuff as well. [Turn Five of Ten] [Mil/Eco]
 * Andea: The Nationals take power in the Congress of Buenos Noches this year. Population stands at 24 million. Kurillianka takes the throne in both Andea and Voryloyclayr. Buenos Noches continues to grow, with a population of 65,000. Cuzco remains the largest city, with a population of 190,000. Military stands at 200,000 active men, and another 200,000 in reserve. The nation continues to expand its industry and steam power. The new Federales Government passes the Limitation Doctrine, which gives them the power to declare war should a potential threat be perceived by the Andean Government or her sphere of influence. We also continue our support for the Osean Dictatorship. The war in Osea continues. Seeing Competion with New Munich in Borealia as too costly, the Inca forms the Second Hesperian League and exits from the Union of Hesperia and Borealia. The Nationals continue to pursue the idea of a united Andea, continuing to expand their theories throughout the continent. The Novel  A World of Difference,  is published by a National Author. The Novel depicts a world in which Andea is divided, leading to another era of colonialism in Hesperia.
 * Andean Overseas Territories: The Falkland Islands, under direct control of the Andean Military, prove to be a strategic location in protecting Vorlayacor's coast line. A military force of 15,000 is stationed on the islands.
 * Empire of the Aymara: The Kingdoms of Aymara and Tiwanku merge to form the Empire of Aymara. The nation's population stands at 300,000. Many of the Andeans coming into the nation bring in the idea of a united Andea with them, encourging the idea of civic nationalism.
 * Kingdom of Apeac: Military, economy and navy improve. Population stands at 200,000, as Andean settlers come in, seeking more land then they can get in their homeland. 4000 militiamen remain activated in the territory. 20,000 Andean Military men remain active in the territory. Andean Settlers meet resistance from Mataco raiders, who attack settlements on the frontier.
 * Vorlayacor: Military, economy and navy improve. The nation sees a massive expansion of its infrastructure, with the Royal family owning much of the nation's infrastructure. Population stands at seven million. Military stands at 25,000 active men, with another 20,000 in reserve. Andean Military bases have 35,000 men stationed.The Nation joins the Second Hesperian League.
 * Osean Dictatorship: Known offically as the Federation of Osea, the Dictatorship is run by charsimatic politician, Phillip Cortez. Cortez dedicates the nation towards reuniting Osea. Everytown secured by Coalition forces is annexed into the nation. Possible revolutionaries are tried, many executed. In a speech, Cortez justifies this by asking the Oseans under his wing "They seek to butcher our nation. To fracture and distort our culture. We have already endured so much, it is time to stop being the cattle, and become the Butcher ourselves." . The nation joins the Second Hesperian League. Despite the President's speech, the battle lines begin to stall. The Nation continues to claim all of Osea.
 * The Caliphate drastically develops military and the economy of the nation. We begin to construct the nation to its previous extent and glory. In addition to this endeavour, we start to garrison more men on our eastern borders, in addition to our border with the Roman Empire. Also, we try to influence the Persian Gulf trade to our control, in opposition to the Persia. We improve Mecca every year, donating a significant part of our treasury to the Holy City. As our steady population increases, so does our economy. A significant number of ships are built for our fleet. As we also begin to modernize our army, we improve the many cities of the Caliphate, specifically in Yemen and Iraq. As the war with Assyria begins to draw to a close, we dedicate more and more forces to the war. 
 * Kievan Rus': The Kievan Rus' continue to integrate the former Tartar vassals of Cherniv and Azov into their nation.
 * Korea: Korea continues to build up its military. Meanwhile, more Taoist, Neo-Confucian and Buddhist temples are built. Taoism rises in popularity and gains more followers. Regular (read: not Imperial) Shinto gains a few more followers as well, mainly along the coastline in Southeastern Korea, particularly in Busan, Jejudo, Ulsan, and the coastal cities and coastal towns of Southern Gyeongsang Province. Mahayana Tao-Shintoism also continues to grow, and begins gaining followers from the areas where Shinto is growing, with some Shintoists switching to Mahayana Tao-Shintoism. The military in the colony of Haejagang (해자강) continues to be on high alert and continues to heavily patrol the Korean settlements.
 * Morocco: The Kingdom of Morocco continues to improve its economy, infrastructure and build up its military. Morocco continues to westernize the nation and population continues to grow. The nation expands by 5000 sq km, with a few new cities built and roads built between old and new cities. More schools and houses are built and technology improves as well.
 * Duchy of Oldenburg: The OHG sends its exploratory whaling expedition to the South Seas. It finds huge numbers of whales and seals, and also a few islands. The ship hurries back to Oldenburg to inform the company of the massive potential for profits. In other news, the economy continues to industrialise. In diplomatic news, seeing the deteriorating situation in our neighour and ally, Duke Conrad, in his capacity as Holy Roman Emperor, orders the factions in Hamburg 's civil war to come to talks in Osnabruck.
 * BoraliaFlag.pngCommonwealth of Borealia: Both the military and economy improve. The continual industrial revolution has led to an increasing birth rate. Recent theories on economics and agriculture have led to the expansion of businesses at an exponential rate, including various forms of manufacturing, mining, and printing. Machines using steam power are also popular, as the first factories appear. Some of these businesses are also internationally based, buying and selling to the neighboring colonies of France, Britain, and Scandinavia, as well as the sovereign states of Reme, Arcadia, Aragon, Algonquia and Germany. The most productive of these businesses is the buffalo industry, monopolized by a few companies based in Kristallstadt (OTL Salt Lake City). The professional army and cavalry are continually trained, while the forts on both borders are expanded and new artillery is manufactured. Rifles are now standard equipment across the military. Caravels and frigates fitted with steam engines are constructed while coastal merchant trade expands across the Pacific. The University of New Vienna continues to produce new intellectuals and engineers. Railroads for steam engines begin to be built to span many cities across the plains. Telegraphs are becoming obsolete with the spread of the telephone. As military and diplomatic support is sent to Reme, the curia also offers to mass manufacture raw materials from them and sell bison products. The new steamships have allowed for more colonial expansion along the coast, as far as the Kenai Peninsula. Also this year, Borealia invades and annexes the Kiatagmiut Band, but ensures that the culture and infrastructure of the natives are not infringed. Meanwhile, most people are very excited at the prospect of constructing the transcontinental railroad, and assuming that the Remian Republic accepts the current proposal, construction of the railroad should begin next year.
 * Reme: Reme begins to build up its military and economy. After a long, heated discussion of how Reme would be governed, the tribal representatives (as well as notable Byzantine-Borealians) decide to create a republic, with a basic constitution that would be given basic rights to citizens of Reme. After these discussions, a rich Byzantine-Borealian named Stephanos Shawnee, and becomes the first President of Reme. Shawnee starts to upgrade trade and military services. However seeing Reme, a new nation, vulnerable to foreign attack, starts to encourage militarization of the west, and opens up to military alliances with other nations. Meanwhile, trade is improved on, with industrialization, mainly former Byzantine areas slowly being introduced to populous areas. Lumber, cash crops, and other goods become a major export of Reme, and starts getting Reme a jump-start into the European economy. Shawnee also commands the creation of a couple new navy ships, to help modernize the outdated Remian navy. Reme continues its current expansion into the Michigan peninsula, expanding another 150 pixels into it. Meanwhile, the idea of building coal mines come into mind, especially in the OTL West Virginian area. Coal mining plants are started to be worked on. Reme also starts very slowly changing its focus to industrial things, with a nation wide railroad being considered to be built. Reme incorporates the French territory of Rouenelle as a province of Reme, with Cahokie being designated as a territory of Reme. With this, French is now declared an official language of Reme, with Greek and French made mandatory for children in Reman schools.
 * Lombardy: King Stephano III offers an alliance to the Croatian Archvoivodeship, hoping this to be the start too long and prosperous relations between the two countries. The King also again sends a trade pact offer to the Kingdom of Aragon. The King continues work on the Universita da Milan, hoping to be done by the year of 1850. The Accademia Lumbaart is a success, and much work is done to help to standardize the Lombard language. The King also implements many schooling reforms throughout the nation, implementing the most modern schooling techniques in Europe, as well as making Lombard, as well as French, the mandatory languages that must be taught, as the King thinks Lombard the national tongue and French one of the main lingua francas of Europe. He also continues to implement small reforms on the economy, hoping to increase the strength of the nation economically in the years to come.
 * Aragon accepts the Lombard offer. ​
 * Tartary: The economy and military of Tartary are developed this year. Farming is the largest industry throughout the nation. The nation continues to develop cities. The population of Tartary continues to become larger. Tartary looks to establish an alliance with Scandinavia. We continue to expand 1000 px northeast. The Emperor position is re-established, and Alexis I becomes the Emperor.
 * Great Perm: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Azov: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bukhara: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bajkal: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Khiva: We build up our military and economy.
 * Kingdom of Parthia: We build up our military and economy.
 * In Aragon the nation continues to prosper as a center of the arts and learning. The construction of new buildings, roads and other infrastructure continues. Aragonese merchants and emissaries continue sail across the Mediterranean to expand the reach of Aragon in terms of wealth and diplomatic connections. Aragon also becomes a place where artists and intellectual minds meet and do things. It is cool. Due to the regrowth of the economy, new jobs created in the three major cities lead to more people moving to the cities. Stronger cements are produced, whatever that means, leading to the construction of some taller buildings, especially in the major cities such as Zaragoza and Valencia. A rail link between Zaragoza and Madrid is proposed. With the advent of steam power, factories begin to be built and stuff. Textile mills, cloth factories and other places begin to harness steam power to do more things faster, which creates more jobs that people move to cities to get. Industrialization is gaining speed. The construction of ships and weaponry continues.
 * In Pskov, the GDP rises along with average wages. The Inter-Republic Road network is expanded. The Science and technology aspect of Pskov is not overlooked either. As prosperity in the nation increases, the amount of money and new people investing in institutions of higher learning. As such, the various schools that existed in Nizhegorodsk-Na-Narve unite and form the "University of Nizhegorodsk", beginning a rivalry between it and Pskov. The Pskovians want to encourage immigration from Russia, and are somewhat more successful with the Muscovite serfs, who can move around freely with their landlord's consent. This puts much issues with the leadership of Novgorod and Muscovy, who think Pskov is just looking for a fight. The ruble is becoming more and more used and is becoming the unofficial currency of Russia. The idea of currency reform, to reform it to a decimal system is put out, in order to simplify much trade (even though it is already simple enough with multiples of 20). Zlatobrezhie becomes more and more wealthy as more people get used to over 100 years of Pskovian governance. A gunsmith introduces the first revolver, and it quickly becomes popular with both the officer class. An incident occurs when one of Pskov's greatest writers, Efgeni Georgiev, is shot to death in a duel for the "honour of his wife", whom he caught with his rival, Feodor Zlatokovets. Both perish, one from being shot in the head and the other from an infection from a gunshot wound. The nation is thrown into outrage, and after many months of heated debates, the Grand Senate is dismissed before the coming elections, and during the "recess" between senatorial sessions, The Supreme Prince officially outlaws dueling by decree. After the elections, the new Grand Senate quickly ratifies the decree into law, detailing strict guidelines on how to combat this problem. The issue of dueling was one of the most important in the campaign, and led to the unofficial parliamentary bloc, nicknamed "unionists" due to their former leader's push for union unification (which he succeeded in doing), winning the election, and the institution of Cedrik Gottfried as First Senator. Work on railroads begins across the union, as the first express rail route between Vilnius and Pskov opens. The results of the new General Assembly, as identified by unofficial faction size are: 173 Unionists, 94 Nationalists, 90 Agrarians, 47 industrialists, and 96 independents. The Unionists and Agrarians formed a coalition in the current government.
 * Assyria: Furious at the unseen Caliphate interruption in Assyria's liberation of the Kurds, the Assyrian expeditionary force withdraws from Kurdistan. Bashir announces to Mosul that the new Assyrian army has performed wonderfully in a "small border raid" into Persia where they "defeated thousands of Persians with a handful of brave Assyrians." As a result, recruitment increases. Training intensifies, and more weapons are purchased from Europe, specifically Rome and France. Assyria officially thanks Rome for its assistance in the raid and promises its allegiance.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire continues to recover from the devastating war that afflicted the nation in recent years, and efforts are made to heal the nation as best as possible. The military is crucial for maintaining the order that is currently in place, and the military continues to train and improve itself to ensure that the law of the land is upheld and the peace is maintained. Trade routes are re-established in order to help the economy recover and new tax laws and reforms are put into place to help the economy recover and grow. The lose of the Borealian provinces hurts the economy significantly, and as such the Roman Empire looks to other markets to replace the goods lost by the loss of the colonies there. The government continues to move along with its new reforms, and the country is preparing for its first elections that will take place in 1800 and will decide the new face of the Senate and Imperial government. With the war with the Damascans concluded, the country celebrates its victory and comes to the conclusion that the war of retribution against the Muslims, Arabs, and Turks has finally reached its conclusion. With that said, the Empire goes about to not only restore and rebuild its new territories, but also protect them and ensure that they never slip from the Empire's grasp again. Economic aid as well as investment and improved infrastructure is used to help restore the lands and bring the people back to the advanced way of life that most of the Empire now experiences. As the Empire continues to grow, it is hit with a revolt in the province of Antillia. Fearing that the land may follow the course of the lost provinces in the Borealian mainland, the Empire snaps to attention and decides to not let the colony leave. Thankfully, most of the natives and islanders there do not support the revolt and as a result the local garrisons, with support from native forces, are able to hold out until Roman re-inforcements arrive. The forces battle each other but at the moment it appears that the Empire has the advantage. The war swings in favor of the loyalists and Roman forces begin to gain control back of the territory. In other news, supplies are sent to the Assyrians to help in the defense of their homeland.
 * Lutriwita: The colony was relatively unaffected by the war, and as such life more or less continued on normally, although contact with the Empire was much less often than before. As such, the colony developed a sense of nationalism and independence in very much the same way that the other archonates did during the war. Luckily, the government in Constantinople realizes this and offers them the same representation rights that the archonates are now given in the Imperial Senate. This does much to ease any of the potential political issues at the present time.
 * Italy: Italy begins to recover from the war, and the local military and economy continues to grow and stabilize in the aftermath. The economy is largely built up with help from the central government, as the entire economy is in shambles and the central government is doing its best to help the entire Empire grow and interconnect better through economics.
 * Syria: The former capital region proves to be a considerable issue for the Roman occupation forces, as the region is full of Muslims but also a significant quantity of Christians. Roman forces establish themselves in the city of Antioch, which houses the largest Christian community of Syria, and from there they use military and economic power to heal the land and expand Roman control over taxation, military patrols, and infrastructure rebuilding.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 100 sq km among both colonies into the Galapago Islands called Illes d'Neptune. The colonies continue growing as expected. The colony of Nouvelle Rouen continues to expand inland throughout the land corridor given by Cahokie by 9800 sq km. Mining continues in the colony of Nouvelle Orleans. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The king is outraged, for such freedom given to the Rhenish kingdom so much betrayal! In an act of sheer punishment he declares an all-out war against the rebels and the nobles he dispatches a coalition army of around 400,000 troops (from all around the empire) to quell the uprising. in the now called French Borealia, the displacement of small Spanish settlements begin, offering a free ride for them to return back into Castile, and exchange or sell their possessions in the colonies or swear allegiance to the King. Trinity colony expands by 700 sq km, a local uprising begins in Nouvelle Orleans city (OTL Cartagena de las Indias, Colombia) it soon spreads through the country to Coucut (OTL Cucuta) Sableville (in Falcon Venezuela) and St Joseph d'Bacatte (OTL Bogota) and Basse Nubou (shortened Nouvelle Bourdeaux, OTL Bucaramanga) Demanding the lowering of the taxes in the colony, and the granting of local self ruling, the King considers it, making a promise to do so within the next 30 years, thinking it to be far enough for the promise to be forgotten. The government agrees on giving the Californian state or region self rule recognizing its own right to determine its destiny, however, remaining a territory of the Borealian Domain. The colony of Emeraldia is given free state status with the official name of Etat-livre du Nouvelle Orleans.
 * Kingdom of Rhenanie: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Kingdom of Lower Burgundy: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Sardinia-Corsica: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The Sardinian language has lowered its usage to only 10% of the population of Sardinia (roughly 50,000 people) with the speaking African (43%) and French (38%) or Vandalian (9% African Rhenish German dialect) and with the vast majority being able to speak both African and French (that is more or less 85% of the nation's population). The population is stable at 500,000 people.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The African language has become the de facto leading language surpassing every other (outside of French) being spoken by the 2.3 million people living in the country as either native or second language. Vandalian, however, dominates area of Tripolitania's coast with a population of around 5000 speakers in the region. French is still the main language officially. Trading outposts begin to be made in the border of the country to trade with Tuareg and inland tribes. Sends supplies to the Rhenish War.
 * French Mali: Due to vast piracy campaigns which France and Spain have contributed to has resulted in many pirate coves in the Bissagos Islands, and as a result a larger influx of Frenchmen arrived this year, though they still don't even make up 1% yet. Ports continue to expand appropriately and the region becomes a place worth note on many maps. Roads continue being built to outlying villages and plantations continue being built.
 * Artois: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure and navy are built up. The nation prepares an army for the conflict in Britannia.
 * Free City of Danzig: The military, economy, infrastructure, and navy are built up, Danzig asks for an alliance with the current Prussian and Polish government.
 * Algonquia: Launches huge-scale modernization efforts, focusing on the military, economy and infrastructure. Focus on modernizing the navy and creating an effective ferry service to link the nation together results in the launch of new and more modern ships. Telegraph lines are expanded to Chemiwanit in the far West. All vassals also modernize, although more slowly. Algonquian merchants begin to look for trade opportunities in more far-flung markets, like Hesperia and the Imperial Sea. The war in Newfoundland proves bloody, but Algonquian troops hold their own against the Dutch, with the Beothuk contingents fighting especially hard to liberate their homeland. An agreement is signed with the Dutch, bringing the war to a quick end. Algonquia expands 5000 km west, and railroad construction begins near Chemiwanit and Mackinac. The High Sachem plans to use the constructed sections as part of a trans-Algonquian line linking the capital to Lake Winnipeg and Great Slave Lake if the Transcontinental proposal falls through.
 * Odawa: Odawa improves its military, and focuses on industrialization in emulation of Algonquia. Mackinac prospers, and is treated as the nation's "second city".
 * Menominee: The newly united states develop military and economy. Railroad construction begins.
 * Hielijan: The economy continues to develop through trade and Beothuk immigrate.
 * China: The Chinese Government continues to destabilize Manchu with spies and paid rebels. Economic development continues. The government begins to plan to reoccupy the occupied cities. Naval and Army development continues, with more cannons and ironclad warships being built. Steel and iron smelting continues, and trade picks up with Rome, Japan, Tibet, and several other nations around Asia. The government begins to influence Manchuria. (Turn One of Six)

1844
The population of Iceland swells with British and Scandinavian immigrants, though many Germans move to the island as well.

Element 44 is discovered in the Roman Empire.

Why not call it Romanium or another geographic-based name like the OTL Ruthenium.

Remium.

'''It was on the mod page, but I changed it for the time being. '''

Karl Vanderkerk of Denmark sends the first message using Norse Code (OTL Morse Code).

'''Ha Ha. You do realize it'd be called Vanderkerk Code (if we're going by OTL's naming conventions)? Logic shouldn't have to take a backseat behind groan-worthy puns.'''


 * Kingdom of Hamburg: the years sees a turn of fortunes for the Sophian armies. Kassel falls in March, effectively knocking the Hessen nobles out of the war. Detmold also falls to the army of Duke Lauenburg, linking Hamburg proper to Münster, where the Prince-Archbishop, supportive of Sophia, and his armies have been under siege since the wars outbreak. Königsberg also falls after a 150 day siege, though several Prussian armies continue resistance. The offensive towards Frankfurt, intended to be the killing blow, is postponed after a Ferdinandist victory at the Battle of Arnsberg. By the time the Sophian armies regroup in Detmold, winter is approaching and the sides retire to winter quarters.


 * Reme: Reme begins to build up its military and economy. After a long, heated discussion of how Reme would be governed, the tribal representatives (as well as notable Byzantine-Borealians) decide to create a republic, with a basic constitution that would be given basic rights to citizens of Reme. After these discussions, a rich Byzantine-Borealian named Stephanos Shawnee, and becomes the first President of Reme. Shawnee starts to upgrade trade and military services. However seeing Reme, a new nation, vulnerable to foreign attack, starts to encourage militarization of the west, and opens up to military alliances with other nations. Meanwhile, trade is improved on, with industrialization, mainly former Byzantine areas slowly being introduced to populous areas. Lumber, cash crops, and other goods become a major export of Reme, and starts getting Reme a jump-start into the European economy. Shawnee also commands the creation of a couple new navy ships, to help modernize the outdated Remian navy. Reme continues its current expansion into the Michigan peninsula, expanding another 150 pixels into it. Meanwhile, the idea of building coal mines come into mind, especially in the OTL West Virginian area. Coal mining plants are started to be worked on. Reme also starts very slowly changing its focus to industrial things, with a nation wide railroad being considered to be built. Reme incorporates the French territory of Rouenelle as a province of Reme, with Cahokie being designated as a territory of Reme. With this, French is now declared an official language of Reme, with Greek and French made mandatory for children in Reman schools.
 * Sultanate of Bengal: Sultan Mahmud Shah I was proclaimed the Sultan of the Sultanate of Bengal on 1810, and he initiated his rule over the Sultanate soon after. The Sultanate of Bengal saw a slight demographical as immigration from former Bengali crown vassals for the economic opportunity was on the rise. The Bengali population rose about 68.4 million, mostly due to the large influx of Bengali immigrants coming from Vijaynagara. The Empire officially began a reform of the economic system looking to bail the economy out of crisis from war debt, and the bullion was geared toward giving the empire a competitive edge in being able to invest millions on a whim in order to drive up investments and production. However, in order to pay off debt, larger taxes were imposed on the wealthier class, with the current monarch starting to become more popular as the general populace viewed him as 'one of their own'. Meanwhile, the Bengali military was divided into a Naval Force, Land Force and an Imperial Guard with each having their appointed head, answerable to the Sultan. The Bengali navy began further development of its new larger classes of steam engine ships, churning out first rate flagships for various fleets, and more third rates, and fourth rates with the occasional second rate to augment the smaller patrol fleets, the fifth and sixth rates began to become more standard as light and medium frigates for singular voyages and patrols among other things. For the land force, a standardized army of roughly 300,000 was raised with soldiers armed with modern rifles and with cannons to be used as an ideal seige equipment. The infantry was also equipped with daggers and swords, although the latter were usually ceremonial. The land forces acted to prevent any foreign incursion into Bengal whilst the Imperial Guard existed to thwart any attempt by revolutionaries to abolish the Sultanate. Given the lack of supply of armaments from Europe, many armament companies were established at local as well as national level which served national interests, as they actively engaged in production of firearms. In agriculture was the largest economic focus of Bengal, selling such goods as rice, wheat, maize, potatoes, indigo, opium, wheat, cannabis and other crops to European merchants as well as Indian. However, jute and muslin in particular, served as the most important exports of Bengal given the general need for such in Europe. The Sultan, Mahmud Shah I implemented a new currency system which was to be the well-regulated silver-based Bengali Tanki. The flocking of populations to Bengal coastal cities continued, with a mass increase of population in Visakhapatnam, Calcutta, Bhubaneswar, and various other minor cities and townships throughout the south. Of particular importance was the city of Calcutta which was established as the new capital of Bengal, replacing Pandua. Thus, with the constant inflow of manpower towards the coast, the Sultanate expanded upon its shipbuilding and fishery industry, and actively exploited the riches of the Bay of Bengal as it had been established as a virtual Bengali lake, with little to no opposition faced from Burma or Vijaynagar. Indeed, Bengal served as the principle centres of industry in the world. Along the same time, the Bengali Renaissance was in full swing with movements such as the Young Bengal movement established that espoused rationalism and atheism as the common denominators of civil conduct amongst the educated masses. The monarchy generally co-operated with the upholders of the renaissance, and brought forth social reforms in order to disband various backward practices such as belief in 'Priests' possessing powers which was termed shirk. Along the same time, education and scientific research was promoted amongst the masses, with schools and colleges constructed throughout the Sultanate. International-standard universities were also constructed at Kolkata, Pauda, Gaur and Visakhapatnam in order for Bengal to advance ahead of other Indian states and maintain a particular pace as the world entered into the stage of industrialization. However, it was the Bengali literature that reached its Golden Age with hundreds of poets and scholars sprouting throughout the Sultanate. The Sultanate itself promoted Urdu as well as Bengali. However, it was generally the former which entered into its zenith since Urdu was largely used amongst the elites. The positive attitude of the populace towards industrialization aided in promoting it, with a railroad system established connecting Sultanate and easing transportation and communication. Along the same time, Bengali influence steadily grew in Jaunpur with extensive co-operation and trade between the two states. [Turn Six of Six] [Mil/Eco]
 * Ruthenia: The Kievan Rus' officially rename their nation as a way to distinguish themselves further from the neighboring Russians. They change the name to the Grand Duchy of Ruthenia. The sitting Grand Duke is declared to be Grand Duke Vladimir I of Ruthenia. The Ruthenians officially annex the former Tartar vassals of Cherniv and Azov into their nation. The name change comes with an increase of regional nationalism, with a new Ruthenian national identity beginning to take shape. The government of Ruthenia encourages the formation of this new national identity to strengthen the nation, as no-one wants to return to the time when the region was divided by foreign conquerors. There is a growing sense of co-operation between the Ukrainians and the local Belarusian population, and some wish to "liberate the homeland from Pskovite oppression".
 * Korea: Korea continues to build up its military. Meanwhile, more Taoist, Neo-Confucian and Buddhist temples are built. Taoism rises in popularity and gains more followers. Regular (read: not Imperial) Shinto gains a few more followers as well, mainly along the coastline in Southeastern Korea, particularly in Busan, Jejudo, Ulsan, and the coastal cities and coastal towns of Southern Gyeongsang Province. Mahayana Tao-Shintoism also continues to grow, and begins gaining followers from the areas where Shinto is growing, with some Shintoists switching to Mahayana Tao-Shintoism. The military in the colony of Haejagang (해자강) continues to be on high alert and continues to heavily patrol the Korean settlements.
 * The Caliphate drastically develops military and the economy of the nation. We begin to construct the nation to its previous extent and glory. In addition to this endeavour, we start to garrison more men on our eastern borders, in addition to our border with the Roman Empire. Also, we try to influence the Persian Gulf trade to our control, in opposition to the Persians. We improve Mecca every year, donating a significant part of our treasury to the Holy City. As our steady population increases, so does our economy. A significant number of ships are built for our fleet. As we also begin to modernize our army, we improve the many cities of the Caliphate, specifically in Yemen and Iraq. As the war with Assyria begins to draw to a close, we dedicate more and more forces to the war.
 * China: The government continues economic and militarily development. The emperor still holds most of the power though, but the people are gaining more power. The government continues to plan to eventually occupy our cities again. Governments are planned as are plans for businesses to move into the cities and repairs be made.
 * BoraliaFlag.pngCommonwealth of Borealia: Both the military and economy improve. The continual industrial revolution has led to an increasing birth rate. Recent theories on economics and agriculture have led to the expansion of businesses at an exponential rate, including various forms of manufacturing, mining, and printing. Machines using steam power are also popular, as the first factories appear. Some of these businesses are also internationally based, buying and selling to the neighboring colonies of France, Britain, and Scandinavia, as well as the sovereign states of Reme, Arcadia, Aragon, Algonquia and Germany. The most productive of these businesses is the buffalo industry, monopolized by a few companies based in Kristallstadt (OTL Salt Lake City). The professional army and cavalry are continually trained, while the forts on both borders are expanded and new artillery is manufactured. Rifles are now standard equipment across the military. Caravels and frigates fitted with steam engines are constructed while coastal merchant trade expands across the Pacific. The University of New Vienna continues to produce new intellectuals and engineers. Railroads for steam engines begin to be built to span many cities across the plains. Telegraphs are becoming obsolete with the spread of the telephone. As military and diplomatic support is sent to Reme, the curia also offers to mass manufacture raw materials from them and sell bison products. The Kiatagmiut War continues smoothly, only slightly slowed down to maintain the native culture and infrastructure. The transcontinental railroad begins construction, and is expected to be finish by 1848.
 * Morocco: The Kingdom of Morocco continues to improve its economy, infrastructure and build up its military. Morocco continues to westernize the nation and population continues to grow. The nation expands by 5000 sq km, with a few new cities built and roads built between old and new cities. More schools and houses are built and technology improves as well.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire continues to recover from the devastating war that afflicted the nation in recent years, and efforts are made to heal the nation as best as possible. The military is crucial for maintaining the order that is currently in place, and the military continues to train and improve itself to ensure that the law of the land is upheld and the peace is maintained. Trade routes are re-established in order to help the economy recover and new tax laws and reforms are put into place to help the economy recover and grow. The lose of the Borealian provinces hurts the economy significantly, and as such the Roman Empire looks to other markets to replace the goods lost by the loss of the colonies there. The government continues to move along with its new reforms, and the country is preparing for its first elections that will take place in 1800 and will decide the new face of the Senate and Imperial government. With the war with the Damascans concluded, the country celebrates its victory and comes to the conclusion that the war of retribution against the Muslims, Arabs, and Turks has finally reached its conclusion. With that said, the Empire goes about to not only restore and rebuild its new territories, but also protect them and ensure that they never slip from the Empire's grasp again. Economic aid as well as investment and improved infrastructure is used to help restore the lands and bring the people back to the advanced way of life that most of the Empire now experiences. As the Empire continues to grow, it is hit with a revolt in the province of Antillia. Fearing that the land may follow the course of the lost provinces in the Borealian mainland, the Empire snaps to attention and decides to not let the colony leave. Thankfully, most of the natives and islanders there do not support the revolt and as a result the local garrisons, with support from native forces, are able to hold out until Roman reinforcements arrive. The forces battle each other but at the moment it appears that the Empire has the advantage. The war swings in favor of the loyalists and Roman forces begin to gain control back of the territory. In other news, supplies are sent to the Assyrians to help in the defense of their homeland.
 * Lutriwita: The colony was relatively unaffected by the war, and as such life more or less continued on normally, although contact with the Empire was much less often than before. As such, the colony developed a sense of nationalism and independence in very much the same way that the other archonates did during the war. Luckily, the government in Constantinople realizes this and offers them the same representation rights that the archonates are now given in the Imperial Senate. This does much to ease any of the potential political issues at the present time.
 * Italy: Italy begins to recover from the war, and the local military and economy continues to grow and stabilize in the aftermath. The economy is largely built up with help from the central government, as the entire economy is in shambles and the central government is doing its best to help the entire Empire grow and interconnect better through economics.
 * Syria: The former capital region proves to be a considerable issue for the Roman occupation forces, as the region is full of Muslims but also a significant quantity of Christians. Roman forces establish themselves in the city of Antioch, which houses the largest Christian community of Syria, and from there they use military and economic power to heal the land and expand Roman control over taxation, military patrols, and infrastructure rebuilding.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 100 sq km among both colonies into the Galapago Islands called Illes d'Neptune. The colonies continue growing as expected. The colony of Nouvelle Rouen continues to expand inland throughout the land corridor given by Cahokie by 9800 sq km. Mining continues in the colony of Nouvelle Orleans. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The king is outraged, for such freedom given to the Rhenish kingdom so much betrayal! In an act of sheer punishment he declares an all-out war against the rebels and the nobles he dispatches a coalition army of around 400,000 troops (from all around the empire) to quell the uprising. in the now called French Borealia, the displacement of small Spanish settlements begin, offering a free ride for them to return back into Castile, and exchange or sell their possessions in the colonies or swear allegiance to the King. Trinity colony expands by 700 sq km, a local uprising begins in Nouvelle Orleans city (OTL Cartagena de las Indias, Colombia) it soon spreads through the country to Coucut (OTL Cucuta) Sableville (in Falcon Venezuela) and St Joseph d'Bacatte (OTL Bogota) and Basse Nubou (shortened Nouvelle Bourdeaux, OTL Bucaramanga) Demanding the lowering of the taxes in the colony, and the granting of local self ruling, the King considers it, making a promise to do so within the next 30 years, thinking it to be far enough for the promise to be forgotten. The government agrees on giving the Californian state or region self rule recognizing its own right to determine its destiny, however, remaining a territory of the Borealian Domain. The colony of Emeraldia is given free state status with the official name of Etat-livre du Nouvelle Orleans.
 * Kingdom of Rhenanie: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Kingdom of Lower Burgundy: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Sardinia-Corsica: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The Sardinian language has lowered its usage to only 10% of the population of Sardinia (roughly 50,000 people) with the speaking African (43%) and French (38%) or Vandalian (9% African Rhenish German dialect) and with the vast majority being able to speak both African and French (that is more or less 85% of the nation's population). The population is stable at 500,000 people.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The African language has become the de facto leading language surpassing every other (outside of French) being spoken by the 2.3 million people living in the country as either native or second language. Vandalian, however, dominates area of Tripolitania's coast with a population of around 5000 speakers in the region. French is still the main language officially. Trading outposts begin to be made in the border of the country to trade with Tuareg and inland tribes. Sends supplies to the Rhenish War.
 * French Mali: Due to vast piracy campaigns which France and Spain have contributed to has resulted in many pirate coves in the Bissagos Islands, and as a result a larger influx of Frenchmen arrived this year, though they still don't even make up 1% yet. Ports continue to expand appropriately and the region becomes a place worth note on many maps. Roads continue being built to outlying villages and plantations continue being built.
 * Artois: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure and navy are built up. The nation prepares an army for the conflict in Britannia.
 * Free City of Danzig: The military, economy, infrastructure, and navy are built up, Danzig asks for an alliance with the current Prussian and Polish government.
 * Tartary: The economy and military of Tartary are developed this year. Farming is the largest industry throughout the nation. The nation continues to develop cities. The population of Tartary continues to become larger. Tartary looks to establish an alliance with Scandinavia. We continue to expand 1000 px northeast. The Emperor position is re-established, and Alexis I becomes the Emperor.
 * Great Perm: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Azov: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bukhara: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bajkal: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Khiva: We build up our military and economy.
 * Kingdom of Parthia: We build up our military and economy.
 * Duchy of Oldenburg: The OHG learns of the success of its mission last year, and plans for an annual whaling expedition to the Southern Seas. The army is expanded.
 * In Aragon the nation continues to prosper as a center of the arts and learning. The construction of new buildings, roads and other infrastructure continues. Aragonese merchants and emissaries continue to sail around the world to expand the reach of Aragon in terms of wealth and diplomatic connections. Aragon also becomes a place where artists and intellectual minds meet and do things. It is cool. Due to the regrowth of the economy, new jobs created in the three major cities lead to more people moving to the cities. Stronger cements are produced, whatever that means, leading to the construction of some taller buildings, especially in the major cities such as Zaragoza and Valencia. A rail link between Zaragoza and Madrid is proposed. With the advent of steam power, factories begin to be built and stuff. Textile mills, cloth factories and other places begin to harness steam power to do more things faster, which creates more jobs that people move to cities to get. Industrialization is gaining speed. The construction of ships and weaponry continues.

1845
''' Early turn because I won't be here to change it later. -MP '''


 * Kingdom of Hamburg: the Sophian armies make a renewed push towards Frankfurt in early April. A resounding victory is achieved in May at the Battle of Nassau, clearing the path to Frankfurt of effective resistance. The city itself proves to be the most resistant challenge, but the garrison is forced to surrender by November. With no base to operatefrom, many remaining Ferdinandist armies either surrender or disperse. The main Ferdinandist commander, Duke Franz of Nassau, is executed, as is his high-ranking subordinates. Ferdinand himself seems to disappear, with theories going so far as to say he was smuggled onto a ship bound for New Mecklenburg or Belize. Nevertheless, Sophia travels to Hanover, where she kneels before the Archbishop of Hamburg-Münster, takes the Kings Oath, and is crowned "King" Sophia I (the Hamburgian constitution has no provision for a queen). Her first order of business is to approve an amendment to the Rezeß, abolishing Salic Law. With many opponents of hers unwilling to make their opposition evident, the measure is approved handily on New Year's Eve.


 * Reme: Reme begins to build up its military and economy. After a long, heated discussion of how Reme would be governed, the tribal representatives (as well as notable Byzantine-Borealians) decide to create a republic, with a basic constitution that would be given basic rights to citizens of Reme. After these discussions, a rich Byzantine-Borealian named Stephanos Shawnee, and becomes the first President of Reme. Shawnee starts to upgrade trade and military services. However seeing Reme, a new nation, vulnerable to foreign attack, starts to encourage militarization of the west, and opens up to military alliances with other nations. Meanwhile, trade is improved on, with industrialization, mainly former Byzantine areas slowly being introduced to populous areas. Lumber, cash crops, and other goods become a major export of Reme, and starts getting Reme a jump-start into the European economy. Shawnee also commands the creation of a couple new navy ships, to help modernize the outdated Remian navy. Reme continues its current expansion into the Michigan peninsula, expanding another 150 pixels into it. Meanwhile, the idea of building coal mines come into mind, especially in the OTL West Virginian area. Coal mining plants are started to be worked on. Reme also starts very slowly changing its focus to industrial things, with a nation wide railroad being considered to be built. Reme incorporates the French territory of Rouenelle as a province of Reme, with Cahokie being designated as a territory of Reme. With this, French is now declared an official language of Reme, with Greek and French made mandatory for children in Reman schools. Construction in the railroad continues, with the two native states being declared war upon to fix the track and to oust from that area.
 * Sultanate of Bengal: Sultan Mahmud Shah I was proclaimed the Sultan of the Sultanate of Bengal on 1810, and he initiated his rule over the Sultanate soon after. The Bengali population rose about 68.7 million, mostly due to the large influx of Bengali immigrants coming from former Bengali crown vassals, for the economic opportunity was on the rise. The Empire officially began a reform of the economic system looking to bail the economy out of crisis from war debt, and the bullion was geared toward giving the empire a competitive edge in being able to invest millions on a whim in order to drive up investments and production. A new and strict tax system was established, based off the Sharia law, a decision lauded by the largely conservative populace. The monarchy also implemented a new currency system which was to be the well-regulated silver-based Bengali Tanki. Meanwhile, the Bengali military was divided into a Naval Force, Land Force and an Imperial Guard with each having their appointed head, answerable to the Sultan. The Bengali navy experimented its first ironclads and began further development of its new larger classes of steam engine ships, churning out first rate flagships for various fleets, and more third rates, and fourth rates with the occasional second rate to augment the smaller patrol fleets, the fifth and sixth rates began to become more standard as light and medium frigates for singular voyages and patrols among other things. For the land force, a standardized army of roughly 300,000 was raised with soldiers armed with modern rifles and with cannons to be used as an ideal seige equipment. The infantry was also equipped with daggers and swords, although the latter were usually ceremonial. The land forces acted to prevent any foreign incursion into Bengal whilst the Imperial Guard existed to thwart any attempt by revolutionaries to abolish the Sultanate. Given the lack of supply of armaments from Europe, many armament companies were established at local as well as national level which served national interests, as they actively engaged in production of firearms. In agriculture was the largest economic focus of Bengal, selling such goods as rice, wheat, maize, potatoes, indigo, opium, wheat, cannabis and other crops to European merchants as well as Indian. However, jute and muslin in particular, served as the most important exports of Bengal given the general need for such in Europe. The flocking of populations to Bengal coastal cities continued, with a mass increase of population in Visakhapatnam, Calcutta, Bhubaneswar, and various other minor cities and townships throughout the south. Of particular importance was the city of Calcutta which was established as the new capital of Bengal, replacing Pandua. Thus, with the constant inflow of manpower towards the coast, the Sultanate expanded upon its shipbuilding and fishery industry, and actively exploited the riches of the Bay of Bengal as it had been established as a virtual Bengali lake, with little to no opposition faced from Burma or Vijaynagar. Indeed, Bengal served as the principle centres of industry in the world. Along the same time, the Bengali Renaissance was in full swing with movements such as the Young Bengal movement established that espoused rationalism and atheism as the common denominators of civil conduct amongst the educated masses. The monarchy generally co-operated with the upholders of the renaissance, and brought forth social reforms in order to disband various backward practices such as belief in 'Priests' possessing powers which was termed shirk. Along the same time, education and scientific research was promoted amongst the masses, with schools and colleges constructed throughout the Sultanate. International-standard universities were also constructed at Kolkata, Pauda, Gaur and Visakhapatnam in order for Bengal to advance ahead of other Indian states and maintain a particular pace as the world entered into the stage of industrialization. However, it was the Bengali literature that reached its Golden Age with hundreds of poets and scholars sprouting throughout the Sultanate. The Sultanate itself promoted Urdu as well as Bengal. However, it was generally the former which entered into its zenith since Urdu was largely used amongst the elites. The positive attitude of the populace towards industrialization aided in promoting it, with a railroad system established connecting Sultanate and easing transportation and communication. Along the same time, Bengali influence steadily grew in Jaunpur with extensive co-operation and trade between the two states. [Mil/Eco Turn]
 * Wilayet of Jaunpur: The Lodi Dynasty of Jaunpur was allowed to maintain their rule. However, Bengal control was made through the use of powerful nobles. The infrastructure of Delhi faced reconstruction, in order to modernize the city and the Bengali Tanki was imposed as the currency in Jaunpur. The agricultural economy of the state was based of imports of rice, sugarcane, wheat, soybeans, groundnuts, coarse cereals, pulses, and oil seeds largely through the port of Calcutta. Along the same time, industrial bases were established through Jaunpur with Delhi itself acting as an industrial, cultural and economic centre of India. [Mil/Eco Turn]
 * Tartary: The economy and military of Tartary are developed this year. Farming is the largest industry throughout the nation. The nation continues to develop cities. The population of Tartary continues to become larger. Tartary looks to establish an alliance with Scandinavia. We continue to expand 1000 px northeast. The Emperor position is re-established, and Alexis I becomes the Emperor.
 * Great Perm: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Azov: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bukhara: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bajkal: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Khiva: We build up our military and economy.
 * Kingdom of Parthia: We build up our military and economy.
 * Assyria: Adasi Amiri finds a startling connection in the colors of pea plants: a yellow pea bred with a green pea produces offspring that is always yellow, but one-third of its grandchildren are green. To quantify this trait, Amiri names the terms "dominant" and "recessive." He, with the help of his fellow scientists, begins more research into the phenomena.


 * Sorry to burst your bubble, but scientists in Germany have been doing this for some time now. -MP
 * When?
 * The Caliphate drastically develops military and the economy of the nation. We begin to construct the nation to its previous extent and glory. In addition to this endeavour, we start to garrison more men on our eastern borders, in addition to our border with the Roman Empire. Also, we try to influence the Persian Gulf trade to our control, in opposition to the Persians. We improve Mecca every year, donating a significant part of our treasury to the Holy City. As our steady population increases, so does our economy. A significant number of ships are built for our fleet. As we also begin to modernize our army, we improve the many cities of the Caliphate, specifically in Yemen and Iraq. As the war with Assyria begins to draw to a close, we dedicate more and more forces to the war.
 * Korea: Korea continues to build up its military. Meanwhile, more Taoist, Neo-Confucian and Buddhist temples are built. Taoism rises in popularity and gains more followers. Regular (read: not Imperial) Shinto gains a few more followers as well, mainly along the coastline in Southeastern Korea, particularly in Busan, Jejudo, Ulsan, and the coastal cities and coastal towns of Southern Gyeongsang Province. Mahayana Tao-Shintoism also continues to grow, and begins gaining followers from the areas where Shinto is growing, with some Shintoists switching to Mahayana Tao-Shintoism. The military in the colony of Haejagang (해자강) continues to be on high alert and continues to heavily patrol the Korean settlements.
 * Morocco: The Kingdom of Morocco continues to improve its economy, infrastructure and build up its military. Morocco continues to westernize the nation and population continues to grow. The nation expands by 5000 sq km, with a few new cities built and roads built between old and new cities. More schools and houses are built and technology improves as well.
 * BoraliaFlag.pngCommonwealth of Borealia: Both the military and economy improve. The continual industrial revolution has led to an increasing birth rate. Recent theories on economics and agriculture have led to the expansion of businesses at an exponential rate, including various forms of manufacturing, mining, and printing. Machines using steam power are also popular, as the first factories appear. Some of these businesses are also internationally based, buying and selling to the neighboring colonies of France, Britain, and Scandinavia, as well as the sovereign states of Reme, Arcadia, Aragon, Algonquia and Germany. The most productive of these businesses is the buffalo industry, monopolized by a few companies based in Kristallstadt (OTL Salt Lake City). The professional army and cavalry are continually trained, while the forts on both borders are expanded and new artillery is manufactured. Rifles are now standard equipment across the military. Caravels and frigates fitted with steam engines are constructed while coastal merchant trade expands across the Pacific. The University of New Vienna continues to produce new intellectuals and engineers. Railroads for steam engines begin to be built to span many cities across the plains. Telegraphs are becoming obsolete with the spread of the telephone. As military and diplomatic support is sent to Reme, the curia also offers to mass manufacture raw materials from them and sell bison products. The transcontinental railroad continues construction, and is expected to be finish by 1848. The Kiatagmiut Band is fully annexed by the Commonwealth. In order to see the New Munich Declaration applied to Alaska, the Curia demands that Japan relinquishes the Aleuet Islands. If they do not then war will be declared.


 * Andea: The Nationals take power in the Congress of Buenos Noches this year. Population stands at 24 million. Kurillianka takes the throne in both Andea and Voryloyclayr. Buenos Noches continues to grow, with a population of 65,000. Cuzco remains the largest city, with a population of 190,000. Military stands at 200,000 active men, and another 200,000 in reserve. The nation continues to expand its industry and steam power. The new Federales Government passes the Limitation Doctrine, which gives them the power to declare war should a potential threat be perceived by the Andean Government or her sphere of influence. We also continue our support for the Osean Dictatorship. The war in Osea continues. Seeing Competion with New Munich in Borealia as too costly, the Inca forms the Second Hesperian League and exits from the Union of Hesperia and Borealia. The Nationals continue to pursue the idea of a united Andea, continuing to expand their theories throughout the continent. The Novel  A World of Difference,  is published by a National Author. The Novel depicts a world in which Andea is divided, leading to another era of colonialism in Hesperia. Plans to construct a railroad from Cuzco to Buenos Dias begins, though the effort would involve massive clearing of the forest and jungle. The project is expected to take 50 years. Other railroads and highways are constructed in all nations, though. Aymara Joins the Andeans by Popular Referendum.
 * Andean Overseas Territories: The Falkland Islands, under direct control of the Andean Military, prove to be a strategic location in protecting Vorlayacor's coast line. A military force of 15,000 is stationed on the islands.
 * Kingdom of Apeac: Military, economy and navy improve. Population stands at 200,000, as Andean settlers come in, seeking more land then they can get in their homeland. 4000 militiamen remain activated in the territory. 20,000 Andean Military men remain active in the territory. Andean Settlers meet resistance from Mataco raiders, who attack settlements on the frontier.
 * Vorlayacor: Military, economy and navy improve. The nation sees a massive expansion of its infrastructure, with the Royal family owning much of the nation's infrastructure. Population stands at seven million. Military stands at 25,000 active men, with another 20,000 in reserve. Andean Military bases have 35,000 men stationed.The Nation joins the Second Hesperian League.
 * Osean Dictatorship: Known offically as the Federation of Osea, the Dictatorship is run by charsimatic politician, Phillip Cortez. Cortez dedicates the nation towards reuniting Osea. Everytown secured by Coalition forces is annexed into the nation. Possible revolutionaries are tried, many executed. In a speech, Cortez justifies this by asking the Oseans under his wing "They seek to butcher our nation. To fracture and distort our culture. We have already endured so much, it is time to stop being the cattle, and become the Butcher ourselves." . The nation joins the Second Hesperian League. Despite the President's speech, the battle lines begin to stall. The Nation continues to claim all of Osea.
 * Hawaii: Hawaii starts to build more houses and increase the taxes to build more ships and improve the army. A Liberal Revolution happened in July of this year, now the powers of the King are less powerfull and the parlament controll the king´s rules. Hawaii wants to improve relations with Japan
 * The Commonwealth of Borealia wishes to establish trade relations with Hawaii
 * Hawaiian Dip:Accepts your proposal of trade
 * China: The government continues industrialization and economic development. Governments continue to be planned for our occupied cities. The navy launches another three armored steamships, as well as new artillery pieces. The army looks possibly into using balloons as early scout units as well as able to disrupt enemy movements. The People's Representatives begin to petition the government to give them more power in the legislative process.
 * In Pskov, the GDP rises along with average wages. The Inter-Republic Road network is expanded. The Science and technology aspect of Pskov is not overlooked either. As prosperity in the nation increases, the amount of money and new people investing in institutions of higher learning. As such, the various schools that existed in Nizhegorodsk-Na-Narve unite and form the "University of Nizhegorodsk", beginning a rivalry between it and Pskov. The Pskovians want to encourage immigration from Russia, and are somewhat more successful with the Muscovite serfs, who can move around freely with their landlord's consent. This puts much issues with the leadership of Novgorod and Muscovy, who think Pskov is just looking for a fight. The ruble is becoming more and more used and is becoming the unofficial currency of Russia. The idea of currency reform, to reform it to a decimal system is put out, in order to simplify much trade (even though it is already simple enough with multiples of 20). Zlatobrezhie becomes more and more wealthy as more people get used to over 100 years of Pskovian governance. A gunsmith introduces the first revolver, and it quickly becomes popular with both the officer class. An incident occurs when one of Pskov's greatest writers, Efgeni Georgiev, is shot to death in a duel for the "honour of his wife", whom he caught with his rival, Feodor Zlatokovets. Both perish, one from being shot in the head, and another from an infection from a gunshot wound. The Nation is thown into outrage, and after many months of heated debates, the Grand Senate is dismissed before the coming elections, and during the "recess" between senatorial sessions, The Supreme Prince officialy outlaws Dueling by decree. After the elections, the new Grand Senate quickly rattifies the decree into law, detailing strict guidelines on how to combat this problem. Issue of dueling was one of the most improtant in the capaign, and led to the unofficial parlimentary bloc, nicknamed "unionists" due to their former leader's push for union unification(which he succeded in doing), winning the election, and the institution of Cedrik Gottfried as First Senator. Work on railroads begins across the union, as the first express rail route between Vilnius and Pskov opens. The Results of the new General Assembly, as identified by unofficial faction size are: 173 Unionists, 94 Nationalists, 90 Agrarians, 47 industrialists, and 96 independents. The Unionists and Agrarians formed a coalition in the current government.
 * Ruthenia: The Ruthenians begin making infrastructure improvements to the newly obtained territory.
 * In Aragon the nation continues to prosper as a center of the arts and learning. The construction of new buildings, roads and other infrastructure continues. Aragonese merchants and emissaries continue to sail around the world to expand the reach of Aragon in terms of wealth and diplomatic connections. Aragon also becomes a place where artists and intellectual minds meet and do things. It is cool. Due to the regrowth of the economy, new jobs created in the three major cities lead to more people moving to the cities. Stronger cements are produced, whatever that means, leading to the construction of some taller buildings, especially in the major cities such as Zaragoza and Valencia. A rail link between Zaragoza and Madrid is proposed. With the advent of steam power, factories begin to be built and stuff. Textile mills, cloth factories and other places begin to harness steam power to do more things faster, which creates more jobs that people move to cities to get. Industrialization is gaining speed. The construction of ships and weaponry continues.
 * Algonquia: Launches huge-scale modernization efforts, focusing on the military, economy and infrastructure. Focus on modernizing the navy and creating an effective ferry service to link the nation together results in the launch of new and more modern ships. Telegraph lines are expanded to Chemiwanit in the far West. All vassals also modernize, although more slowly. Algonquian merchants begin to look for trade opportunities in more far-flung markets, like Hesperia and the Imperial Sea. The war in Newfoundland proves bloody, but Algonquian troops hold their own against the Dutch, with the Beothuk contingents fighting especially hard to liberate their homeland. An agreement is signed with the Dutch, bringing the war to a quick end. The High Sachem mollifies the population by assuring them the war will bring great benefits in the future. The military undergoes significant exercises this year, to further its preparation for another conflict. Algonquia expands 5000 km north. The railroad continues to be built.
 * Odawa: Odawa improves its military, and focuses on industrialization in emulation of Algonquia. Mackinac prospers, and is treated as the nation's "second city".
 * Menominee: The newly united states develop military and economy.
 * Hielijan: The economy continues to develop through trade and Beothuk immigrate.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire continues to recover from the devastating war that afflicted the nation in recent years, and efforts are made to heal the nation as best as possible. The military is crucial for maintaining the order that is currently in place, and the military continues to train and improve itself to ensure that the law of the land is upheld and the peace is maintained. Trade routes are re-established in order to help the economy recover and new tax laws and reforms are put into place to help the economy recover and grow. The lose of the Borealian provinces hurts the economy significantly, and as such the Roman Empire looks to other markets to replace the goods lost by the loss of the colonies there. The government continues to move along with its new reforms, and the country is preparing for its first elections that will take place in 1800 and will decide the new face of the Senate and Imperial government. With the war with the Damascans concluded, the country celebrates its victory and comes to the conclusion that the war of retribution against the Muslims, Arabs, and Turks has finally reached its conclusion. With that said, the Empire goes about to not only restore and rebuild its new territories, but also protect them and ensure that they never slip from the Empire's grasp again. Economic aid as well as investment and improved infrastructure is used to help restore the lands and bring the people back to the advanced way of life that most of the Empire now experiences. As the Empire continues to grow, it is hit with a revolt in the province of Antillia. Fearing that the land may follow the course of the lost provinces in the Borealian mainland, the Empire snaps to attention and decides to not let the colony leave. Thankfully, most of the natives and islanders there do not support the revolt and as a result the local garrisons, with support from native forces, are able to hold out until Roman reinforcements arrive. The forces battle each other but at the moment it appears that the Empire has the advantage. The war swings in favor of the loyalists and Roman forces begin to gain control back of the territory. In other news, supplies are sent to the Assyrians to help in the defense of their homeland.
 * Lutriwita: The colony was relatively unaffected by the war, and as such life more or less continued on normally, although contact with the Empire was much less often than before. As such, the colony developed a sense of nationalism and independence in very much the same way that the other archonates did during the war. Luckily, the government in Constantinople realizes this and offers them the same representation rights that the archonates are now given in the Imperial Senate. This does much to ease any of the potential political issues at the present time.
 * Italy: Italy begins to recover from the war, and the local military and economy continues to grow and stabilize in the aftermath. The economy is largely built up with help from the central government, as the entire economy is in shambles and the central government is doing its best to help the entire Empire grow and interconnect better through economics.
 * Syria: The former capital region proves to be a considerable issue for the Roman occupation forces, as the region is full of Muslims but also a significant quantity of Christians. Roman forces establish themselves in the city of Antioch, which houses the largest Christian community of Syria, and from there they use military and economic power to heal the land and expand Roman control over taxation, military patrols, and infrastructure rebuilding.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 100 sq km among both colonies into the Galapago Islands called Illes d'Neptune. The colonies continue growing as expected. The colony of Nouvelle Rouen continues to expand inland throughout the land corridor given by Cahokie by 9800 sq km. Mining continues in the colony of Nouvelle Orleans. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The king is outraged, for such freedom given to the Rhenish kingdom so much betrayal! In an act of sheer punishment he declares an all-out war against the rebels and the nobles he dispatches a coalition army of around 400,000 troops (from all around the empire) to quell the uprising. in the now called French Borealia, the displacement of small Spanish settlements begin, offering a free ride for them to return back into Castile, and exchange or sell their possessions in the colonies or swear allegiance to the King. Trinity colony expands by 700 sq km, a local uprising begins in Nouvelle Orleans city (OTL Cartagena de las Indias, Colombia) it soon spreads through the country to Coucut (OTL Cucuta) Sableville (in Falcon Venezuela) and St Joseph d'Bacatte (OTL Bogota) and Basse Nubou (shortened Nouvelle Bourdeaux, OTL Bucaramanga) Demanding the lowering of the taxes in the colony, and the granting of local self ruling, the King considers it, making a promise to do so within the next 30 years, thinking it to be far enough for the promise to be forgotten. The government agrees on giving the Californian state or region self rule recognizing its own right to determine its destiny, however, remaining a territory of the Borealian Domain. The colony of Emeraldia is given free state status with the official name of Etat-livre du Nouvelle Orleans.
 * Kingdom of Rhenanie: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Kingdom of Lower Burgundy: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Sardinia-Corsica: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The Sardinian language has lowered its usage to only 10% of the population of Sardinia (roughly 50,000 people) with the speaking African (43%) and French (38%) or Vandalian (9% African Rhenish German dialect) and with the vast majority being able to speak both African and French (that is more or less 85% of the nation's population). The population is stable at 500,000 people.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The African language has become the de facto leading language surpassing every other (outside of French) being spoken by the 2.3 million people living in the country as either native or second language. Vandalian, however, dominates area of Tripolitania's coast with a population of around 5000 speakers in the region. French is still the main language officially. Trading outposts begin to be made in the border of the country to trade with Tuareg and inland tribes. Sends supplies to the Rhenish War.
 * French Mali: Due to vast piracy campaigns which France and Spain have contributed to has resulted in many pirate coves in the Bissagos Islands, and as a result a larger influx of Frenchmen arrived this year, though they still don't even make up 1% yet. Ports continue to expand appropriately and the region becomes a place worth note on many maps. Roads continue being built to outlying villages and plantations continue being built.
 * Artois: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure and navy are built up. The nation prepares an army for the conflict in Britannia.
 * Free City of Danzig: The military, economy, infrastructure, and navy are built up, Danzig asks for an alliance with the current Prussian and Polish government.
 * Duchy of Oldenburg: The OHG sends its first whaling expedition to the South Seas around Antipodea, and find an abundance of whales for the taking. The company's new steam-powered sailing ships make it even easier to hunt them. The expedition sets up a small seasonal station on OTL Macquarie island, which they name Kaiser Island, after Duke (and Holy Roman Emperor) Conrad. In other news, Duke-Holy Roman Emperor Conrad recognises "King" Sophia as the rightful monarch of Hamburg and urges unity from now on within Hamburg.

1846
Cholera Epidemic in Britannia.

The planet Neptune is first observed by astronomers in Europe.

The illernerty is confirmed in teh house of ganon lolol


 * Kingdom of Hamburg: New Mecklenburg in OTL Australia expands by 750 px. In King Sophia's first year of rule, she signs sweeping centralization laws. The first is the Münster Secularization Act, while the Archbishop remains in charge of the diocese of Hamburg-Münster, the lands of the former Prince-Archbishopric are reverted to the crown, and established as a component province of Hamburg. Schleswig-Holstein and Mecklenburg, longtime loyal possessions of the von Hamburgs, are also incorporated into the Kingdom. The Duchy of Hesse is consolidated with Westphalia proper, though it and Prussia are the targets for the next round of centralization reforms. The first half of the year also sees the trials of many Ferdinandists who took part in the civil war. Among them are many members of the House of Hesse, thorns in the side of Hamburg since their 1503 betrayal. All of the von Hessens are sentenced to death for their role in challenging Sophia, and the Ludwigist Church, never more than a fringe faith, is declared dissolved. After the round of executions, Sophia makes a state visit to Oldenburg, where she offers her service (but not fealty) to Emperor Conrad. She also begins making plans to travel to other European nations, and expresses a desire for SE Asian expansion.
 * Reme: Reme begins to build up its military and economy. After a long, heated discussion of how Reme would be governed, the tribal representatives (as well as notable Byzantine-Borealians) decide to create a republic, with a basic constitution that would be given basic rights to citizens of Reme. After these discussions, a rich Byzantine-Borealian named Stephanos Shawnee, and becomes the first President of Reme. Shawnee starts to upgrade trade and military services. However seeing Reme, a new nation, vulnerable to foreign attack, starts to encourage militarization of the west, and opens up to military alliances with other nations. Meanwhile, trade is improved on, with industrialization, mainly former Byzantine areas slowly being introduced to populous areas. Lumber, cash crops, and other goods become a major export of Reme, and starts getting Reme a jump-start into the European economy. Shawnee also commands the creation of a couple new navy ships, to help modernize the outdated Remian navy. Reme continues its current expansion into the Michigan peninsula, expanding another 150 pixels into it. Meanwhile, the idea of building coal mines come into mind, especially in the OTL West Virginian area. Coal mining plants are started to be worked on. Reme also starts very slowly changing its focus to industrial things, with a nation wide railroad being considered to be built. Reme incorporates the French territory of Rouenelle as a province of Reme, with Cahokie being designated as a territory of Reme. With this, French is now declared an official language of Reme, with Greek and French made mandatory for children in Reman schools. Construction in the railroad continues, with the two native states being declared war upon to fix the track and to oust from that area.
 * Sultanate of Bengal: Sultan Mahmud Shah I was proclaimed the Sultan of the Sultanate of Bengal on 1810, and he initiated his rule over the Sultanate soon after. The Bengali population rose about 68.7 million, mostly due to the large influx of Bengali immigrants coming from former Bengali crown vassals, for the economic opportunity was on the rise. The Empire officially began a reform of the economic system looking to bail the economy out of crisis from war debt, and the bullion was geared toward giving the empire a competitive edge in being able to invest millions on a whim in order to drive up investments and production. A new and strict tax system was established, based off the Sharia law, a decision lauded by the largely conservative populace. The monarchy also implemented a new currency system which was to be the well-regulated silver-based Bengali Tanki. Meanwhile, the Bengali military was divided into a Naval Force, Land Force and an Imperial Guard with each having their appointed head, answerable to the Sultan. The Bengali navy experimented its first ironclads and began further development of its new larger classes of steam engine ships, churning out first rate flagships for various fleets, and more third rates, and fourth rates with the occasional second rate to augment the smaller patrol fleets, the fifth and sixth rates began to become more standard as light and medium frigates for singular voyages and patrols among other things. For the land force, a standardized army of roughly 300,000 was raised with soldiers armed with modern rifles and with cannons to be used as an ideal seige equipment. The infantry was also equipped with daggers and swords, although the latter were usually ceremonial. The land forces acted to prevent any foreign incursion into Bengal whilst the Imperial Guard existed to thwart any attempt by revolutionaries to abolish the Sultanate. Given the lack of supply of armaments from Europe, many armament companies were established at local as well as national level which served national interests, as they actively engaged in production of firearms. In agriculture was the largest economic focus of Bengal, selling such goods as rice, wheat, maize, potatoes, indigo, opium, wheat, cannabis and other crops to European merchants as well as Indian. However, jute and muslin in particular, served as the most important exports of Bengal given the general need for such in Europe. The flocking of populations to Bengal coastal cities continued, with a mass increase of population in Visakhapatnam, Calcutta, Bhubaneswar, and various other minor cities and townships throughout the south. Of particular importance was the city of Calcutta which was established as the new capital of Bengal, replacing Pandua. Thus, with the constant inflow of manpower towards the coast, the Sultanate expanded upon its shipbuilding and fishery industry, and actively exploited the riches of the Bay of Bengal as it had been established as a virtual Bengali lake, with little to no opposition faced from Burma or Vijaynagar. Indeed, Bengal served as the principle centres of industry in the world. Along the same time, the Bengali Renaissance was in full swing with movements such as the Young Bengal movement established that espoused rationalism and atheism as the common denominators of civil conduct amongst the educated masses. The monarchy generally co-operated with the upholders of the renaissance, and brought forth social reforms in order to disband various backward practices such as belief in 'Priests' possessing powers which was termed shirk. Along the same time, education and scientific research was promoted amongst the masses, with schools and colleges constructed throughout the Sultanate. International-standard universities were also constructed at Kolkata, Pauda, Gaur and Visakhapatnam in order for Bengal to advance ahead of other Indian states and maintain a particular pace as the world entered into the stage of industrialization. However, it was the Bengali literature that reached its Golden Age with hundreds of poets and scholars sprouting throughout the Sultanate. The Sultanate itself promoted Urdu as well as Bengali. However, it was generally the former which entered into its zenith since Urdu was largely used amongst the elites. The positive attitude of the populace towards industrialization aided in promoting it, with a railroad and telephone system established which connected the Sultanate and eased transportation and communication. Along the same time, Bengali influence steadily grew in Jaunpur with extensive co-operation and trade between the two states. [Mil/Eco Turn]
 * Wilayet of Jaunpur: After the death of the Jaunpuri King, his daughter succeeds him and takes the title of Queen. She exercises great control over Jaunpur with only Foreign and Defence Affairs being directly under Bengali control. Nevertheless, Bengali influence over the Queen was secured through the use of powerful nobles. The infrastructure of Delhi faced reconstruction, in order to modernize the city and the Bengali Tanki was imposed as the currency in Jaunpur. The agricultural economy of the state was based of export of rice, sugarcane, wheat, soybeans, groundnuts, coarse cereals, pulses, and oil seeds largely through the port of Calcutta. Along the same time, industrial bases were established through Jaunpur with Delhi itself acting as an industrial, cultural and economic centre of India. Prince Timur Ashraf Shah marries Queen Huma Khan Lodi, establishing a dynastic union between Jaunpur and Bengal. [Mil/Eco Turn]
 * The Caliphate drastically develops military and the economy of the nation. We begin to construct the nation to its previous extent and glory. In addition to this endeavour, we start to garrison more men on our eastern borders, in addition to our border with the Roman Empire. Also, we try to influence the Persian Gulf trade to our control, in opposition to the Persians. We improve Mecca every year, donating a significant part of our treasury to the Holy City. As our steady population increases, so does our economy. A significant number of ships are built for our fleet. As we also begin to modernize our army, we improve the many cities of the Caliphate, specifically in Yemen and Iraq. As the war with Assyria begins to draw to a close, we dedicate more and more forces to the war.
 * Nordic Union: The economy and military of Scandinavia and Britannia improves this year. Import/export businesses in Denmark, Sweden and Norway bring in a considerable amount of income. Urbanization in London leads to rapid industrialization of southern Britannia. This also happens in Copenhagen and Oslo. While Oslo celebrates the explosion of population, Copenhagen starts seeing overcrowding issues. Incentives to resettle in Finnish and Icelandic areas are enacted. Scandinavia and Britannia's chief exports include iron, wood, and other construction materiel, a commodity that is vastly growing in necessity as urbanization increases throughout Europe. Militaries in Europe purchase Nordic iron for ships and weapons. The Scandinavian colonies are a source of even more lumber. The British colonies, in the meantime, provide bountiful food for the Nordic Union. Resources such as pelts bring in massive amounts of profit for Scandinavia, both due to intranational trading and international trading. Scandinavia exports resources such as textiles, dyes and foodstuffs from its trading partners. Interest in coffee plants rises among nobles as the drink becomes more popular among the population of Scandinvia, especially in the upper class and in the aristocracy. Though the bean is expensive to Scandinavia, coffee sales spike. Indonesian powers are offered exclusive trade deals for coffee in exchange for discounted, high-quality wood and iron. Scandinavia retains its alliances with Pskov, the Roman Empire, and many other nations. These alliances are celebrated in the Scandinavian and British courts. The ports in Iceland and London are expanded to accommodate more ships. Education in Scandinavia continues to improve. The literacy rate is steadily increasing as public schools are built throughout the nation. The population of Scandinavia continues to explode as well. Urbanization, more food supplies, better census data, and other factors are all leading to a spike in population. Scandinavia's population is expected to reach twenty million by 1830. While this increase in population does come with benefits, it has its drawbacks as well. In political news, the House of Scandinavia-Britannia continues to remain in charge of Scandinavia. The Riksdag is dominated by this royal house. Scandinavia wishes to become closer to the Dutch. Centuries ago, the Northern Trading Pact had solidified British, Scandinavian and Dutch relations alike. King Nikolos IV says that he would like to return to this. In the meantime, astronomers in Copenhagen discover an 8th planet, dubbed 'Neptune.'
 * Durbin: The colony of Durbin expands along the western coast of Australia from the former settlement that crashed there so long ago. With contact and resources flowing in from Scandinavia-Britannia, a minor boom is witnessed (colony expands 1000 sq km south along western coast).
 * Eire: The Irish continue to expand their navy and army, even more so due to the strains in Europe.
 * Ghana: More troops are raised from locals. Military and infrastructure are expanded. Most locals now see themselves as loyal British citizens and now fully vote and represent the colonies, Ghana becomes the first Brittannic colony to invoke near self rule, with little regulation from the homeland due to the mutual respect from the others. Any separatist movements are largely ignored.
 * Helluland: The military and economy are improved. Helluland expands by 10,000 sq km this year. Helluland is responsible for the production of furs in the Scandinavian Empire, generating much profit for the colony.
 * Hondeklip: The military of this African colony expands. In the meantime, Hondeklip expands by 1000 sq km.
 * Iceland: The military and economy are improved. Iceland is an important port for northern Europeans. Due to the large amounts of trade flowing into Icelandic ports, the population of Iceland increases. Iceland begins to expand its outpost on Greenland by 20,000 sq km this year. The iron mines in Iceland lead to several entrepreneurs flocking to Iceland in the interest of expanding their personal fortunes.
 * Karelia: The military and economy expand. Karelia has been in the Scandinavian realm for centuries now. It is the location of many important fortresses, namely Castle Vyborg. Karelia is a massive source of iron for Scandinavia. Trade with Russia and Pskov flows through Karelia during the summer months.
 * New Zealand: The military and economy expand.
 * Port Edmundburg: Expands by 1000 sq km south and east down the coast. The African colonists begin looking toward mining and other ventures to generate profit. A new newspaper, the first in a colony, is founded, called the Edmundburg Report. The slave trade begins to boom as exploitation of local minerals reaches a high amount. Slaves are sent to the New World to help boost production.
 * Schleswig: The military and economy are expanded. Schleswig has been a vassal of the Scandinavian Empire for quite some time. All land routes into Scandinavia go through this vassal, meaning Schleswig is one of Scandinavia's wealthiest vassals.
 * Scotland: Expands navy and military. The Edinburgh Stock Exchange continues to do well. The Emperor visits Glasgow for the wedding of noblewoman Cassandra De' Levae, wife of the Duke of Westminster in a surprise visit keen on proving that he is open to reconciliation with the House of Hamburg.
 * Ruthenia: The Ruthenians continue to make infrastructure repairs and upgrades to their new territory. The Tartar architecture of the East begins to influence the Ruthenians.
 * Korea: Korea continues to build up its military. Meanwhile, more Taoist, Neo-Confucian and Buddhist temples are built. Taoism rises in popularity and gains more followers. Regular (read: not Imperial) Shinto gains a few more followers as well, mainly along the coastline in Southeastern Korea, particularly in Busan, Jejudo, Ulsan, and the coastal cities and coastal towns of Southern Gyeongsang Province. Mahayana Tao-Shintoism also continues to grow, and begins gaining followers from the areas where Shinto is growing, with some Shintoists switching to Mahayana Tao-Shintoism. The military in the colony of Haejagang (해자강) continues to be on high alert and continues to heavily patrol the Korean settlements.
 * Morocco: The Kingdom of Morocco continues to improve its economy, infrastructure and build up its military. Morocco continues to westernize the nation and population continues to grow. The nation expands by 5000 sq km, with a few new cities built and roads built between old and new cities. More schools and houses are built and technology improves as well. For greatest of all, Industry is improved, mostly new are built in largest populated areas of Morocco.
 * Hawaii: We accept the trade relations with the Commonwealth of Borealia. We start to expand to the south and we find a mysterious island (OTL Johnston Atoll) and we claim the island for Hawaii. The island's name is Atoll Kalama. We start the fixation in Atoll Kalama.
 * China: The government continues economic and scientific developments as well as democratization. The armed forces continue to strengthen.
 * Tartary: The economy and military of Tartary are developed this year. Farming is the largest industry throughout the nation. The nation continues to develop cities. The population of Tartary continues to become larger. Tartary looks to establish an alliance with Scandinavia. We continue to expand 1000 px northeast. The Emperor position is re-established, and Alexis I becomes the Emperor.
 * Great Perm: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Azov: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bukhara: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bajkal: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Khiva: We build up our military and economy.
 * Kingdom of Parthia: We build up our military and economy.
 * Assyria: The military continues to built up, with the acquisition of more rifled guns and a few pieces of artillery. Cavalry slowly begins to be phased out of the Assyrian military as they have a stunning weakness to rifles. The economy slows down a little but continues to stay strong. The Mosul Research Institute brings home several dozen lightbulbs from Europe to study as well as basic circuits and dozens of books on electricity and physics. The institute's enrollment jumps from 800 to 1400 as a new wave of englightenment and education sweeps throughout the nation, partly a result of Bashir's reforms and partly because of the new economic prosperity from governemenet regulated trade.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire continues to recover from the devastating war that afflicted the nation in recent years, and efforts are made to heal the nation as best as possible. The military is crucial for maintaining the order that is currently in place, and the military continues to train and improve itself to ensure that the law of the land is upheld and the peace is maintained. Trade routes are re-established in order to help the economy recover and new tax laws and reforms are put into place to help the economy recover and grow. The lose of the Borealian provinces hurts the economy significantly, and as such the Roman Empire looks to other markets to replace the goods lost by the loss of the colonies there. The government continues to move along with its new reforms, and the country is preparing for its first elections that will take place in 1800 and will decide the new face of the Senate and Imperial government. With the war with the Damascans concluded, the country celebrates its victory and comes to the conclusion that the war of retribution against the Muslims, Arabs, and Turks has finally reached its conclusion. With that said, the Empire goes about to not only restore and rebuild its new territories, but also protect them and ensure that they never slip from the Empire's grasp again. Economic aid as well as investment and improved infrastructure is used to help restore the lands and bring the people back to the advanced way of life that most of the Empire now experiences. As the Empire continues to grow, it is hit with a revolt in the province of Antillia. Fearing that the land may follow the course of the lost provinces in the Borealian mainland, the Empire snaps to attention and decides to not let the colony leave. Thankfully, most of the natives and islanders there do not support the revolt and as a result the local garrisons, with support from native forces, are able to hold out until Roman reinforcements arrive. The forces battle each other but at the moment it appears that the Empire has the advantage. The war swings in favor of the loyalists and Roman forces begin to gain control back of the territory. In other news, supplies are sent to the Assyrians to help in the defense of their homeland.
 * Lutriwita: The colony was relatively unaffected by the war, and as such life more or less continued on normally, although contact with the Empire was much less often than before. As such, the colony developed a sense of nationalism and independence in very much the same way that the other archonates did during the war. Luckily, the government in Constantinople realizes this and offers them the same representation rights that the archonates are now given in the Imperial Senate. This does much to ease any of the potential political issues at the present time.
 * Italy: Italy begins to recover from the war, and the local military and economy continues to grow and stabilize in the aftermath. The economy is largely built up with help from the central government, as the entire economy is in shambles and the central government is doing its best to help the entire Empire grow and interconnect better through economics.
 * Syria: The former capital region proves to be a considerable issue for the Roman occupation forces, as the region is full of Muslims but also a significant quantity of Christians. Roman forces establish themselves in the city of Antioch, which houses the largest Christian community of Syria, and from there they use military and economic power to heal the land and expand Roman control over taxation, military patrols, and infrastructure rebuilding.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 100 sq km among both colonies into the Galapago Islands called Illes d'Neptune. The colonies continue growing as expected. The colony of Nouvelle Rouen continues to expand inland throughout the land corridor given by Cahokie by 9800 sq km. Mining continues in the colony of Nouvelle Orleans. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The king is outraged, for such freedom given to the Rhenish kingdom so much betrayal! In an act of sheer punishment he declares an all-out war against the rebels and the nobles he dispatches a coalition army of around 400,000 troops (from all around the empire) to quell the uprising. in the now called French Borealia, the displacement of small Spanish settlements begin, offering a free ride for them to return back into Castile, and exchange or sell their possessions in the colonies or swear allegiance to the King. Trinity colony expands by 700 sq km, a local uprising begins in Nouvelle Orleans city (OTL Cartagena de las Indias, Colombia) it soon spreads through the country to Coucut (OTL Cucuta) Sableville (in Falcon Venezuela) and St Joseph d'Bacatte (OTL Bogota) and Basse Nubou (shortened Nouvelle Bourdeaux, OTL Bucaramanga) Demanding the lowering of the taxes in the colony, and the granting of local self ruling, the King considers it, making a promise to do so within the next 30 years, thinking it to be far enough for the promise to be forgotten. The government agrees on giving the Californian state or region self rule recognizing its own right to determine its destiny, however, remaining a territory of the Borealian Domain. The colony of Emeraldia is given free state status with the official name of Etat-livre du Nouvelle Orleans.
 * Kingdom of Rhenanie: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Kingdom of Lower Burgundy: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Sardinia-Corsica: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The Sardinian language has lowered its usage to only 10% of the population of Sardinia (roughly 50,000 people) with the speaking African (43%) and French (38%) or Vandalian (9% African Rhenish German dialect) and with the vast majority being able to speak both African and French (that is more or less 85% of the nation's population). The population is stable at 500,000 people.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The African language has become the de facto leading language surpassing every other (outside of French) being spoken by the 2.3 million people living in the country as either native or second language. Vandalian, however, dominates area of Tripolitania's coast with a population of around 5000 speakers in the region. French is still the main language officially. Trading outposts begin to be made in the border of the country to trade with Tuareg and inland tribes. Sends supplies to the Rhenish War.
 * French Mali: Due to vast piracy campaigns which France and Spain have contributed to has resulted in many pirate coves in the Bissagos Islands, and as a result a larger influx of Frenchmen arrived this year, though they still don't even make up 1% yet. Ports continue to expand appropriately and the region becomes a place worth note on many maps. Roads continue being built to outlying villages and plantations continue being built.
 * Artois: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure and navy are built up. The nation prepares an army for the conflict in Britannia.
 * Free City of Danzig: The military, economy, infrastructure, and navy are built up, Danzig asks for an alliance with the current Prussian and Polish government.
 * In Aragon the nation continues to prosper as a center of the arts and learning. The construction of new buildings, roads and other infrastructure continues. Aragonese merchants and emissaries continue to sail around the world to expand the reach of Aragon in terms of wealth and diplomatic connections. Aragon also becomes a place where artists and intellectual minds meet and do things. It is cool. Due to the regrowth of the economy, new jobs created in the three major cities lead to more people moving to the cities. Stronger cements are produced, whatever that means, leading to the construction of some taller buildings, especially in the major cities such as Zaragoza and Valencia. A rail link between Zaragoza and Madrid is proposed. With the advent of steam power, factories begin to be built and stuff. Textile mills, cloth factories and other places begin to harness steam power to do more things faster, which creates more jobs that people move to cities to get. Industrialization is gaining speed. The construction of ships and weaponry continues.
 * Duchy of Oldenburg: Duke-Emperor Conrad thanks King Sofia for her offer of service. He understands her reluctance to swear fealty, and acknowledges that with the changing nature of the Holy Roman Empire, such vestigial feudal customs are largely irrelevant. In other news, the OHG's whaling fleet sails south again, with last year's catch turning over a massive profit.
 * Andea: The Nationals take power in the Congress of Buenos Noches this year. Population stands at 24 million. Kurillianka takes the throne in both Andea and Voryloyclayr. Buenos Noches continues to grow, with a population of 65,000. Cuzco remains the largest city, with a population of 190,000. Military stands at 200,000 active men, and another 200,000 in reserve. The nation continues to expand its industry and steam power. The new Federales Government passes the Limitation Doctrine, which gives them the power to declare war should a potential threat be perceived by the Andean Government or her sphere of influence. We also continue our support for the Osean Dictatorship. The war in Osea continues. Seeing Competion with New Munich in Borealia as too costly, the Inca forms the Second Hesperian League and exits from the Union of Hesperia and Borealia. The Nationals continue to pursue the idea of a united Andea, continuing to expand their theories throughout the continent. The Novel  A World of Difference,  is published by a National Author. The Novel depicts a world in which Andea is divided, leading to another era of colonialism in Hesperia. Plans to construct a railroad from Cuzco to Buenos Dias begins, though the effort would involve massive clearing of the forest and jungle. The project is expected to take 50 years. Other railroads and highways are constructed in all nations, though. Aymara Joins the Andeans by Popular Referendum.
 * Andean Overseas Territories: The Falkland Islands, under direct control of the Andean Military, prove to be a strategic location in protecting Vorlayacor's coast line. A military force of 15,000 is stationed on the islands.
 * Kingdom of Apeac: Military, economy and navy improve. Population stands at 200,000, as Andean settlers come in, seeking more land then they can get in their homeland. 4000 militiamen remain activated in the territory. 20,000 Andean Military men remain active in the territory. Andean Settlers meet resistance from Mataco raiders, who attack settlements on the frontier.
 * Vorlayacor: Military, economy and navy improve. The nation sees a massive expansion of its infrastructure, with the Royal family owning much of the nation's infrastructure. Population stands at seven million. Military stands at 25,000 active men, with another 20,000 in reserve. Andean Military bases have 35,000 men stationed.The Nation joins the Second Hesperian League.
 * Osean Dictatorship: Known offically as the Federation of Osea, the Dictatorship is run by charsimatic politician, Phillip Cortez. Cortez dedicates the nation towards reuniting Osea. Everytown secured by Coalition forces is annexed into the nation. Possible revolutionaries are tried, many executed. In a speech, Cortez justifies this by asking the Oseans under his wing "They seek to butcher our nation. To fracture and distort our culture. We have already endured so much, it is time to stop being the cattle, and become the Butcher ourselves." . The nation joins the Second Hesperian League. Despite the President's speech, the battle lines begin to stall. The Nation continues to claim all of Osea.
 * BoraliaFlag.pngCommonwealth of Borealia: Both the military and economy improve. The continual industrial revolution has led to an increasing birth rate. Recent theories on economics and agriculture have led to the expansion of businesses at an exponential rate, including various forms of manufacturing, mining, and printing. Machines using steam power are also popular, as the first factories appear. Some of these businesses are also internationally based, buying and selling to the neighboring colonies of France, Britain, and Scandinavia, as well as the sovereign states of Reme, Arcadia, Aragon, Algonquia and Germany. The most productive of these businesses is the buffalo industry, monopolized by a few companies based in Kristallstadt (OTL Salt Lake City). The professional army and cavalry are continually trained, while the forts on both borders are expanded and new artillery is manufactured. Rifles are now standard equipment across the military. Caravels and frigates fitted with steam engines are constructed while coastal merchant trade expands across the Pacific. The University of New Vienna continues to produce new intellectuals and engineers. Railroads for steam engines begin to be built to span many cities across the plains. Telegraphs are becoming obsolete with the spread of the telephone. As military and diplomatic support is sent to Reme, the curia also offers to mass manufacture raw materials from them and sell bison products. The transcontinental railroad continues construction, and is expected to be finish by 1848. The Kiatagmiut Band is fully annexed by the Commonwealth. In order to see the New Munich Declaration applied to Alaska, the Curia demands that Japan relinquishes the Aleuet Islands. If they do not then war will be declared.
 * BaiernFlag8.pngKingdom of Bavaria (Constituent State of the Crown-Union of Germany): In 1846, Bavaria expands its economy. National infrastructure is developed. The population continues to rise. Trausnitz is returned to its place as national capital. CuriaBavariaFlag.png The Curia Bavaria, also known as the Bavarian Parliament or Bavarian Diet, continue to operate in the Parliamentary Palace in Landshut. It is a regional legislature. The Diet orders the German Army to be outfitted in modern uniform and to hold modern weaponry. In political news, the Curia Bavaria continue to implement infrastructural, diplomatic, and tax base laws. In Munich, Queen Isabell University remains a staple of education in Bavaria. King Franz-Rudolph I (born 1798) and his children; Maria (born 1817) and Johann (born 1822) compose the current royal family. Several modern warships and trade vessels begin construction at Bremen Port. Modern weaponry make its introduction into Bavaria. In diplomatic news, Germany maintains alliances with Hamburg, Britannia, France, The Netherlands, Scandinavia and Rome. There has been an uptick of 80% of Bavaro-German primary speakers in Franconia, Saxony, Pomerania, and Brandenburg, and uptick of 95% secondary speakers in those areas. In colonial news, Nei Baiern continues to expand. In political news, the King continues to sit at both Bavarian and Austrian privy councils. In industrial news, the effects of industrialization and urbanization begin to be felt in Swabia, Würzburg and Bavaria, where Stuttgart becomes the center of manufacturing and modern production. By year end, it becomes clear that industrialization is spreading in Germany after a long period of stagnation. In 1827, several textile factories and manufacturing foundries open up in Landshut, and they soon employ child labour in order to largen the workforce. Barely anyone complains about this as child labour becomes a large source of income for many impoverished families. In other news, rumors fly concerning the dissolution of the now-defunct RBSC. These rumors become reality in 1828 when the RBSC officially dissolves. Many people go out of work, and a slight economic downturn takes place. However, nothing major occurs and many people find jobs in the industrial sector. Bavaria continues aiding the Borealians. In Europe, many women and religious minorities who previously ample work in the court have now been pushed down the social ladder by King Franz-Rudolph's conservative ascendancy. In other news, several textile companies grow prominent in Munich and Passau. In 1835, the revolt in Vienna is swiftly crushed and Anna von H.W. continues to be imprisoned. She is sentenced to deportation, and through agreements with King Ferdinand of Hamburg, she is sent there. In positive news, the railway industry expands greatly and causes an economic upswing. However, as early as 1836, people begin to be perturbed by the excessively low wages that rail workers are receiving. By year end, many also begin to critically analyze child labor and its prevalence in places like Landshut and Munich. With this, two political parties acutely develop in the Diet. On the right are those supported by the King: Randolphine Conservatives, who publicly support the King's original decision in annexing the two aforementioned states. They also support social conservatism, industrialization, capitalism, and a quieter version of romanticism. On the left there are those who would most likely be supported by late Queen Mary I or her son: Marian Liberals, who support the King's most recent decision in the creation of Commonwealths, as well as social liberalism, regulated industrialization, and anti-corruption. Many liberals also supported Anna von H.W., while their right-wing counterparts certainly do not. Another interesting difference between them is that the Marian Liberals supported public works and heavy investment in infrastructure, while conservatives think that each constituent state should handle their own infrastructure and economy. For instance, the liberals would support the actions of King Albert after the Austrian war of the 1650s, when he spearheaded campaigns to reconstruct the battered state of roads, ports, and farms of Austria. In other news, several newspapers and authores publish works detailing the plight of the lower class and seeming disappearance of the middle class.
 * ddcoa2.pngDeutsche Diet: The Deutsche Diet, also known as the German Parliament or German Diet, is established by the decree of Queen Frances I in 1736, and is given a charter that year.
 * Flag_of_Austria.svgKingdom of Austria (Constituent State of the CUG): Troops authorized by the King and Queen continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. The Austrian Council is created as an independent privy council for the King. CuriaAustriaFlag.png Curia Austria remains the official legislature in Austria. The Curia is popular in Vienna and surrounding areas. Parliamentarians usually pass laws concerning taxes, diplomacy, and infrastructure. Johann Florinsburg is successfully re-elected as Minister-Governor in 1822. The next elections are to be held in 1832.
 * Flag_of_Most_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svgKingdom of Venezia (Constituent State of the CUG): Troops authorized by the King continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. The Curia Venexia is responsible for overseeing the legal, economic and political goings on of all those in Venezia.
 * Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Brandenburg.svgCommonwealth of Brandenburg (Constituent State of the CUG): Brandenburg is re-established in 1837, and a Governor is elected promptly thereafter. Having more autonomy than other Bavaro-German realms, the Governor creates many new departments in Brandenburg. Among them is the Department of the Military, which train troops and research modern military technology. Also created is the Department of Commerce and Treasury, which handles issues of domestic economy and foreign trade.
 * Pommernflagpm3.pngCommonwealth of Pomerania (Constituent State of the CUG): Pomerania is re-established in 1837, and a Governor is elected promptly thereafter. Having more autonomy than other Bavaro-German realms, the Governor creates many new departments in Pomerania. Among them is the Department of War, which handles military strategy and financing. Also created are two smaller departments, each being responsible for the Army and the Navy. Also created is a Department of Treasurers. Interestingly enough, a Department of Polish Affairs is created to better assimilate the ethnic Polish minorities into Bavaro-German culture.
 * Flag_of_Bremen.svgBremen Port  (Constituent Territory of the CUG): Troops authorized by the King and Queen continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Several cogs are constructed, and plans are drafted to construct many larger ships. Several modern warships and trade vessels begin construction at Bremen Port.
 * NewBavariaFlag.pngNew Bavaria (Colony of the CUG): The colony of Nei Baiern continues to expand in population. Katharinas-Hafen, Franznacken, Bayreuth, Nei Regens, and Regenholz all expand by the end of the year. Houses and shops in each settlement continue being built. Jülichsberg and Wittlesberg both expand. Nei Baiern expands 2000 km. The militias and shops are developed. A small logging and fishing town is founded north of Wilhelmsbaum island, on the mainland. The settlement, mainly populated by Saxons, comes to be called Regenholz.
 * PearlRiverFlag.pngPearl River (Colony of the CUG): The outpost of Perlefluss is established. A capital is expected to be constructed over the next few years. The capital of Pearl River is named Pearl River, after the colony itself.

1847
''' Another early turn because once again I won't be here to do it later. -MP '''


 * Kingdom of Hamburg: New Mecklenburg in OTL Australia expands by 750 px. Now in her second year of rule, King Sophia begins the process of rewarding her supporters from the civil war. Several Barons are raised to Counts, and a number of non-noble born military commander are knighted. She also gives her support to the Kuban and New Rugian Ascension Act, which helps propel it through the the Hanoverian Parliament. With her signature, the former colonial possessions are reorganized into member Kingdoms of the Hamburgian realm. Sophia takes a trip to Kuba itself in August, and is pleased to see the resistance has been all but extinguished thanks to the efforts of the Duke of Belize and Baron of Havana. She overseas the opening session of the Kuban regional parliament, accepts the Noble's Oath from the Kuban Lords, and swears in the inaugural ministers. She also gives a speech thanking the loyal Kubans, and promises equal loyalty to them and their citizens from her. The speech is significant as she gives it three times, first in German, then English, then Spanish. She begins making plans for a state visit to New Rugia, but due to the distance and travel time it is not expected she will go through with it.


 * Sultanate of Bengal: Sultan Mahmud Shah I was proclaimed the Sultan of the Sultanate of Bengal on 1810, and he initiated his rule over the Sultanate soon after. The Bengali population rose about 68.7 million, mostly due to the large influx of Bengali immigrants coming from former Bengali crown vassals, for the economic opportunity was on the rise. The Empire officially began a reform of the economic system looking to bail the economy out of crisis from war debt, and the bullion was geared toward giving the empire a competitive edge in being able to invest millions on a whim in order to drive up investments and production. A new and strict tax system was established, based off the Sharia law, a decision lauded by the largely conservative populace. The monarchy also implemented a new currency system which was to be the well-regulated silver-based Bengali Tanki. Meanwhile, the Bengali military was divided into a Naval Force, Land Force and an Imperial Guard with each having their appointed head, answerable to the Sultan. The Bengali navy experimented its first ironclads and began further development of its new larger classes of steam engine ships, churning out first rate flagships for various fleets, and more third rates, and fourth rates with the occasional second rate to augment the smaller patrol fleets, the fifth and sixth rates began to become more standard as light and medium frigates for singular voyages and patrols among other things. For the land force, a standardized army of roughly 300,000 was raised with soldiers armed with modern rifles and with cannons to be used as an ideal seige equipment. The infantry was also equipped with daggers and swords, although the latter were usually ceremonial. The land forces acted to prevent any foreign incursion into Bengal whilst the Imperial Guard existed to thwart any attempt by revolutionaries to abolish the Sultanate. Given the lack of supply of armaments from Europe, many armament companies were established at local as well as national level which served national interests, as they actively engaged in production of firearms. In agriculture was the largest economic focus of Bengal, selling such goods as rice, wheat, maize, potatoes, indigo, opium, wheat, cannabis and other crops to European merchants as well as Indian. However, jute and muslin in particular, served as the most important exports of Bengal given the general need for such in Europe. The flocking of populations to Bengal coastal cities continued, with a mass increase of population in Visakhapatnam, Calcutta, Bhubaneswar, and various other minor cities and townships throughout the south. Of particular importance was the city of Calcutta which was established as the new capital of Bengal, replacing Pandua. Thus, with the constant inflow of manpower towards the coast, the Sultanate expanded upon its shipbuilding and fishery industry, and actively exploited the riches of the Bay of Bengal as it had been established as a virtual Bengali lake, with little or no opposition faced from Burma or Vijaynagar. Indeed, Bengal served as the principle centres of industry in the world. Along the same time, the Bengali Renaissance was in full swing with movements such as the Young Bengal movement established that espoused rationalism and atheism as the common denominators of civil conduct amongst the educated masses. The monarchy generally c-ooperated with the upholders of the renaissance, and brought forth social reforms in order to disband various backward practices such as belief in 'Priests' possessing powers which was termed shirk. Along the same time, education and scientific research was promoted amongst the masses, with schools and colleges constructed throughout the Sultanate. International-standard universities were also constructed at Kolkata, Pauda, Gaur and Visakhapatnam in order for Bengal to advance ahead of other Indian states and maintain a particular pace as the world entered into the stage of industrialization. However, it was the Bengali literature that reached its Golden Age with hundreds of poets and scholars sprouting throughout the Sultanate. The Sultanate itself promoted Urdu as well as Bengali. However, it was generally the former which entered into its zenith since Urdu was largely used amongst the elites. The positive attitude of the populace towards industrialization aided in promoting it, with a railroad and telephone system established which connected the Sultanate and eased transportation and communication. Along the same time, Bengali influence steadily grew in Jaunpur with extensive co-operation and trade between the two states. Bengal declares war upon Bahamani. The nation is mobilized and siege weapons sent. [Mil/Eco Turn]
 * Wilayet of Jaunpur: After the death of the Jaunpuri King, his daughter succeeds him and takes the title of Queen. She exercises great control over Jaunpur with only Foreign and Defence Affairs being directly under Bengali control. Nevertheless, Bengali influence over the Queen was secured through the use of powerful nobles. The infrastructure of Delhi faced reconstruction, in order to modernize the city and the Bengali Tanki was imposed as the currency in Jaunpur. The agricultural economy of the state was based of export of rice, sugarcane, wheat, soybeans, groundnuts, coarse cereals, pulses, and oil seeds largely through the port of Calcutta. Along the same time, industrial bases were established through Jaunpur with Delhi itself acting as an industrial, cultural and economic centre of India. Prince Timur Ashraf Shah marries Queen Huma Khan Lodi, establishing a dynastic union between Jaunpur and Bengal. We declare war upon Bahamani. [Mil/Eco Turn]
 * Andea: The Nationals take power in the Congress of Buenos Noches this year. Population stands at 24 million. Kurillianka takes the throne in both Andea and Voryloyclayr. Buenos Noches continues to grow, with a population of 65,000. Cuzco remains the largest city, with a population of 190,000. Military stands at 200,000 active men, and another 200,000 in reserve. The nation continues to expand its industry and steam power. The new Federales Government passes the Limitation Doctrine, which gives them the power to declare war should a potential threat be perceived by the Andean Government or her sphere of influence. We also continue our support for the Osean Dictatorship. The war in Osea continues. Seeing Competion with New Munich in Borealia as too costly, the Inca forms the Second Hesperian League and exits from the Union of Hesperia and Borealia. The Nationals continue to pursue the idea of a united Andea, continuing to expand their theories throughout the continent. The Novel  A World of Difference,  is published by a National Author. The Novel depicts a world in which Andea is divided, leading to another era of colonialism in Hesperia. Plans to construct a railroad from Cuzco to Buenos Dias begins, though the effort would involve massive clearing of the forest and jungle. The project is expected to take 50 years. Other railroads and highways are constructed in all nations, though. Aymara Joins the Andeans by Popular Referendum.
 * Andean Overseas Territories: The Falkland Islands, under direct control of the Andean Military, prove to be a strategic location in protecting Vorlayacor's coast line. A military force of 15,000 is stationed on the islands.
 * Kingdom of Apeac: Military, economy and navy improve. Population stands at 200,000, as Andean settlers come in, seeking more land then they can get in their homeland. 4000 militiamen remain activated in the territory. 20,000 Andean Military men remain active in the territory. Andean Settlers meet resistance from Mataco raiders, who attack settlements on the frontier.
 * Vorlayacor: Military, economy and navy improve. The nation sees a massive expansion of its infrastructure, with the Royal family owning much of the nation's infrastructure. Population stands at seven million. Military stands at 25,000 active men, with another 20,000 in reserve. Andean Military bases have 35,000 men stationed.The Nation joins the Second Hesperian League.
 * Osean Dictatorship: Known offically as the Federation of Osea, the Dictatorship is run by charsimatic politician, Phillip Cortez. Cortez dedicates the nation towards reuniting Osea. Everytown secured by Coalition forces is annexed into the nation. Possible revolutionaries are tried, many executed. In a speech, Cortez justifies this by asking the Oseans under his wing "They seek to butcher our nation. To fracture and distort our culture. We have already endured so much, it is time to stop being the cattle, and become the Butcher ourselves." . The nation joins the Second Hesperian League. Despite the President's speech, the battle lines begin to stall. The Nation continues to claim all of Osea.
 * Korea: Korea continues to build up its military. Meanwhile, more Taoist, Neo-Confucian and Buddhist temples are built. Taoism rises in popularity and gains more followers. Regular (read: not Imperial) Shinto gains a few more followers as well, mainly along the coastline in Southeastern Korea, particularly in Busan, Jejudo, Ulsan, and the coastal cities and coastal towns of Southern Gyeongsang Province. Mahayana Tao-Shintoism also continues to grow, and begins gaining followers from the areas where Shinto is growing, with some Shintoists switching to Mahayana Tao-Shintoism. The military in the colony of Haejagang (해자강) continues to be on high alert and continues to heavily patrol the Korean settlements.
 * Ruthenia: The Ruthenians continue to make infrastructure repairs and upgrades to their new territory. The Tartar architecture of the East continues to influence the Ruthenians. The Ruthenians establish a new Parliament with universal male sufferage.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire is now at a period of peace and prosperity after a long period of war and uncertainty. Roman trade routes stretch across most of the world in the pursuit of wealth and trade goods and Roman military might remains a powerful force in Europe and other parts of the world. The Roman central government does what it can to address all of the issues of the various archonates within the Empire and ensure that their needs are met even as they help instill strength in the central government. Railroads are constructed around the nation to help connect the Empire and its peoples and steamships are used for much the same purpose on water. One of the most important railroads constructed in the Empire is the Trans-Imperial Railway, stretching all the way from Patras in Achaea all the way to Alexandria in Egypt. The Railway is immense and not yet completed, but when it is will provide the people of the Empire a cheaper and safer means of travel to the various regions of the Empire as well as increase commerce and military deployment. Despite this success, the Empire continues to worry about some of its more restive or vulnerable archonates, and makes efforts to help solve that. A fort is constructed in Lutriwita, military garrisons are established in Syria, and a new harbor is constructed in Antillia. To help protect the Atlantic and Antillian archonates, the Roman Empire approaches the government of Portugal, still seething from its loss of Brazil, and offers to partially recoup their loss by purchasing Madiera and the Azores with the justification of using them as potential launching pads for reclaiming the lost Borealian provinces. (Mod Response Please)
 * Lutriwita: The colony was relatively unaffected by the war, and as such life more or less continued on normally, although contact with the Empire was much less often than before. As such, the colony developed a sense of nationalism and independence in very much the same way that the other archonates did during the war. Luckily, the government in Constantinople realizes this and offers them the same representation rights that the archonates are now given in the Imperial Senate. This does much to ease any of the potential political issues at the present time.
 * Italy: Italy begins to recover from the war, and the local military and economy continues to grow and stabilize in the aftermath. The economy is largely built up with help from the central government, as the entire economy is in shambles and the central government is doing its best to help the entire Empire grow and interconnect better through economics.
 * Syria: The former capital region proves to be a considerable issue for the Roman occupation forces, as the region is full of Muslims but also a significant quantity of Christians. Roman forces establish themselves in the city of Antioch, which houses the largest Christian community of Syria, and from there they use military and economic power to heal the land and expand Roman control over taxation, military patrols, and infrastructure rebuilding.
 * Portugal Accepts.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 100 sq km among both colonies into the Galapago Islands called Illes d'Neptune. The colonies continue growing as expected. The colony of Nouvelle Rouen continues to expand inland throughout the land corridor given by Cahokie by 9800 sq km. Mining continues in the colony of Nouvelle Orleans. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The king is outraged, for such freedom given to the Rhenish kingdom so much betrayal! In an act of sheer punishment he declares an all-out war against the rebels and the nobles he dispatches a coalition army of around 400,000 troops (from all around the empire) to quell the uprising. in the now called French Borealia, the displacement of small Spanish settlements begin, offering a free ride for them to return back into Castile, and exchange or sell their possessions in the colonies or swear allegiance to the King. Trinity colony expands by 700 sq km, a local uprising begins in Nouvelle Orleans city (OTL Cartagena de las Indias, Colombia) it soon spreads through the country to Coucut (OTL Cucuta) Sableville (in Falcon Venezuela) and St Joseph d'Bacatte (OTL Bogota) and Basse Nubou (shortened Nouvelle Bourdeaux, OTL Bucaramanga) Demanding the lowering of the taxes in the colony, and the granting of local self ruling, the King considers it, making a promise to do so within the next 30 years, thinking it to be far enough for the promise to be forgotten. The government agrees on giving the Californian state or region self rule recognizing its own right to determine its destiny, however, remaining a territory of the Borealian Domain. The colony of Emeraldia is given free state status with the official name of Etat-livre du Nouvelle Orleans.
 * Kingdom of Rhenanie: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Kingdom of Lower Burgundy: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Sardinia-Corsica: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The Sardinian language has lowered its usage to only 10% of the population of Sardinia (roughly 50,000 people) with the speaking African (43%) and French (38%) or Vandalian (9% African Rhenish German dialect) and with the vast majority being able to speak both African and French (that is more or less 85% of the nation's population). The population is stable at 500,000 people.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The African language has become the de facto leading language surpassing every other (outside of French) being spoken by the 2.3 million people living in the country as either native or second language. Vandalian, however, dominates area of Tripolitania's coast with a population of around 5000 speakers in the region. French is still the main language officially. Trading outposts begin to be made in the border of the country to trade with Tuareg and inland tribes. Sends supplies to the Rhenish War.
 * French Mali: Due to vast piracy campaigns which France and Spain have contributed to has resulted in many pirate coves in the Bissagos Islands, and as a result a larger influx of Frenchmen arrived this year, though they still don't even make up 1% yet. Ports continue to expand appropriately and the region becomes a place worth note on many maps. Roads continue being built to outlying villages and plantations continue being built.
 * Artois: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure and navy are built up. The nation prepares an army for the conflict in Britannia.
 * Free City of Danzig: The military, economy, infrastructure, and navy are built up, Danzig asks for an alliance with the current Prussian and Polish government.
 * Duchy of Oldenburg: Whaling continues in the South Sea, the economy improves as a result of the OHG's windfall.
 * Reme: Reme begins to build up its military and economy. After a long, heated discussion of how Reme would be governed, the tribal representatives (as well as notable Byzantine-Borealians) decide to create a republic, with a basic constitution that would be given basic rights to citizens of Reme. After these discussions, a rich Byzantine-Borealian named Stephanos Shawnee, and becomes the first President of Reme. Shawnee starts to upgrade trade and military services. However seeing Reme, a new nation, vulnerable to foreign attack, starts to encourage militarization of the west, and opens up to military alliances with other nations. Meanwhile, trade is improved on, with industrialization, mainly former Byzantine areas slowly being introduced to populous areas. Lumber, cash crops, and other goods become a major export of Reme, and starts getting Reme a jump-start into the European economy. Shawnee also commands the creation of a couple new navy ships, to help modernize the outdated Remian navy. Reme continues its current expansion into the Michigan peninsula, expanding another 150 pixels into it. Meanwhile, the idea of building coal mines come into mind, especially in the OTL West Virginian area. Coal mining plants are started to be worked on. Reme also starts very slowly changing its focus to industrial things, with a nation wide railroad being considered to be built. Reme incorporates the French territory of Rouenelle as a province of Reme, with Cahokie being designated as a territory of Reme. With this, French is now declared an official language of Reme, with Greek and French made mandatory for children in Reman schools. Construction in the railroad continues, with the two native states being declared war upon to fix the track and to oust from that area. Jayson Chistakos, a politican, gains popularity, and gains influence thorugout the Republic.
 * BoraliaFlag.pngCommonwealth of Borealia: Both the military and economy improve. The continual industrial revolution has led to an increasing birth rate. Recent theories on economics and agriculture have led to the expansion of businesses at an exponential rate, including various forms of manufacturing, mining, and printing. Machines using steam power are also popular, as the first factories appear. Some of these businesses are also internationally based, buying and selling to the neighboring colonies of France, Britain, and Scandinavia, as well as the sovereign states of Reme, Arcadia, Aragon, Algonquia and Germany. The most productive of these businesses is the buffalo industry, monopolized by a few companies based in Kristallstadt (OTL Salt Lake City). The professional army and cavalry are continually trained, while the forts on both borders are expanded and new artillery is manufactured. Rifles are now standard equipment across the military. Caravels and frigates fitted with steam engines are constructed while coastal merchant trade expands across the Pacific. The University of New Vienna continues to produce new intellectuals and engineers. Railroads for steam engines begin to be built to span many cities across the plains. As military and diplomatic support is sent to Reme, the curia also offers to mass manufacture raw materials from them and sell bison products. The transcontinental railroad continues construction, and is expected to be finish by 1848. The Kiatagmiut Band is fully annexed by the Commonwealth. Borealia invades and annexes the Aleut Islands, seeing that Japan refuses to comply with the New Munich Declaration.
 * Two things: one you need an algo for that annexation, as it is owned by another nation, and two, you need to slow down your technological advancement by a significant margin. Inventions should only be within a few years give or take of their OTL invention date, it shouldn't be significantly different unless stated otherwise. -MP
 * Didn't see the algo in time, consider that part void assuming victory. -MP
 * Fixed. From now on I'll make sure to post algos earlier -Nathan
 * Tartary: The economy and military of Tartary are developed this year. Farming is the largest industry throughout the nation. The nation continues to develop cities. The population of Tartary continues to become larger. Tartary looks to establish an alliance with Scandinavia. We continue to expand 1000 px northeast. The Emperor position is re-established, and Alexis I becomes the Emperor.
 * Great Perm: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Azov: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bukhara: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bajkal: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Khiva: We build up our military and economy.
 * Kingdom of Parthia: We build up our military and economy.
 * alliance with the current Prussian and Polish government.
 * In Aragon the nation continues to prosper as a center of the arts and learning. The construction of new buildings, roads and other infrastructure continues. Aragonese merchants and emissaries continue to sail around the world to expand the reach of Aragon in terms of wealth and diplomatic connections. Aragon also becomes a place where artists and intellectual minds meet and do things. It is cool. Due to the regrowth of the economy, new jobs created in the three major cities lead to more people moving to the cities. Stronger cements are produced, whatever that means, leading to the construction of some taller buildings, especially in the major cities such as Zaragoza and Valencia. A rail link between Zaragoza and Madrid is proposed. With the advent of steam power, factories begin to be built and stuff. Textile mills, cloth factories and other places begin to harness steam power to do more things faster, which creates more jobs that people move to cities to get. Industrialization is gaining speed. The construction of ships and weaponry continues.
 * Algonquia: Launches huge-scale modernization efforts, focusing on the military, economy and infrastructure. Focus on modernizing the navy and creating an effective ferry service to link the nation together results in the launch of new and more modern ships. Telegraph lines are expanded to Chemiwanit in the far West. All vassals also modernize, although more slowly. Algonquian merchants begin to look for trade opportunities in more far-flung markets, like Hesperia and the Imperial Sea. The High Sachem mollifies the population by assuring them the war will bring great benefits in the future. The military undergoes significant exercises this year, to further its preparation for another conflict. Algonquia expands 5000 km north. Railroad construction continues.
 * Odawa: Odawa improves its military, and focuses on industrialization in emulation of Algonquia. Mackinac prospers, and is treated as the nation's "second city".
 * Menominee: The newly united states develop military and economy.
 * Hielijan: The economy continues to develop through trade and Beothuk immigrate.
 * In Pskov, the GDP rises along with average wages. The Inter-Republic Road network is expanded. The Science and technology aspect of Pskov is not overlooked either. As prosperity in the nation increases, the amount of money and new people investing in institutions of higher learning. As such, the various schools that existed in Nizhegorodsk-Na-Narve unite and form the "University of Nizhegorodsk", beginning a rivalry between it and Pskov. The Pskovians want to encourage immigration from Russia, and are somewhat more successful with the Muscovite serfs, who can move around freely with their landlord's consent. This puts much issues with the leadership of Novgorod and Muscovy, who think Pskov is just looking for a fight. The ruble is becoming more and more used and is becoming the unofficial currency of Russia. The idea of currency reform, to reform it to a decimal system is put out, in order to simplify much trade (even though it is already simple enough with multiples of 20). Zlatobrezhie becomes more and more wealthy as more people get used to over 100 years of Pskovian governance. A gunsmith introduces the first revolver, and it quickly becomes popular with both the officer class. An incident occurs when one of Pskov's greatest writers, Efgeni Georgiev, is shot to death in a duel for the "honour of his wife", whom he caught with his rival, Feodor Zlatokovets. Both perish, one from being shot in the head, and another from an infection from a gunshot wound. The Nation is thown into outrage, and after many months of heated debates, the Grand Senate is dismissed before the coming elections, and during the "recess" between senatorial sessions, The Supreme Prince officialy outlaws Dueling by decree. After the elections, the new Grand Senate quickly rattifies the decree into law, detailing strict guidelines on how to combat this problem. iissue of dueling was one of the most improtant in the capaign, and led to the unofficial parlimentary bloc, nicknamed "unionists" due to their former leader's push for union unification(which he succeded in doing), winning the election, and the institution of Cedrik Gottfried as First Senator. Work on railroads begins across the union, as the first express rail route between Vilnius and Pskov opens. The Results of the new General Assembly, as identified by unofficial faction size are: 173 Unionists, 94 Nationalists, 90 Agrarians, 47 industrialists, and 96 independents. The Unionists and Agrarians formed a coalition in the current government.
 * In Pskov, the GDP rises along with average wages. The Inter-Republic Road network is expanded. The Science and technology aspect of Pskov is not overlooked either. As prosperity in the nation increases, the amount of money and new people investing in institutions of higher learning. As such, the various schools that existed in Nizhegorodsk-Na-Narve unite and form the "University of Nizhegorodsk", beginning a rivalry between it and Pskov. The Pskovians want to encourage immigration from Russia, and are somewhat more successful with the Muscovite serfs, who can move around freely with their landlord's consent. This puts much issues with the leadership of Novgorod and Muscovy, who think Pskov is just looking for a fight. The ruble is becoming more and more used and is becoming the unofficial currency of Russia. The idea of currency reform, to reform it to a decimal system is put out, in order to simplify much trade (even though it is already simple enough with multiples of 20). Zlatobrezhie becomes more and more wealthy as more people get used to over 100 years of Pskovian governance. A gunsmith introduces the first revolver, and it quickly becomes popular with both the officer class. An incident occurs when one of Pskov's greatest writers, Efgeni Georgiev, is shot to death in a duel for the "honour of his wife", whom he caught with his rival, Feodor Zlatokovets. Both perish, one from being shot in the head, and another from an infection from a gunshot wound. The Nation is thown into outrage, and after many months of heated debates, the Grand Senate is dismissed before the coming elections, and during the "recess" between senatorial sessions, The Supreme Prince officialy outlaws Dueling by decree. After the elections, the new Grand Senate quickly rattifies the decree into law, detailing strict guidelines on how to combat this problem. iissue of dueling was one of the most improtant in the capaign, and led to the unofficial parlimentary bloc, nicknamed "unionists" due to their former leader's push for union unification(which he succeded in doing), winning the election, and the institution of Cedrik Gottfried as First Senator. Work on railroads begins across the union, as the first express rail route between Vilnius and Pskov opens. The Results of the new General Assembly, as identified by unofficial faction size are: 173 Unionists, 94 Nationalists, 90 Agrarians, 47 industrialists, and 96 independents. The Unionists and Agrarians formed a coalition in the current government.

1848
'''In France, a coalition of powerful nobles enact a series of policies increasing the power of the nobility. Soon after, a deadly riot breaks out between supporters of the nobility and supporters of the commoners. Most of the country soon swings conservative, enhancing the power of the monarchy.'''

'''Soon after, similar protests appear in Britannia, Scandinavia, and the Iberian and German nations, demanding a return of both conservative values and conservative governance. The Iberian and German protests are also marked with demands for national unification at any cost. Lombardy faces similar protests.'''

'''The Conservative Revolution, also now being called the Spring of Nations, heads east, targeting Pskov, Russia, and Ruthenia with pan-Russian ideology. The rest of the Slavic League, along with Transylvania and Vlachia, see conservative protests as well. Within a few months of the initial outbreak of protest, protesters crowd the streets of Constantinople and other major Roman cities demanding the prioritization of traditional values and a more aggressive military and foreign policy. States to the east like Armenia, Georgia, and the Tartary see smaller protests as well.'''

'''Not even the New World is immune from such conservative protests, and the Spring of Nations heads across the Atlantic. Protesters in Reme demand the election of a monarch, constitutional or otherwise, and smaller yet similar protests also take place in Arcadia and Brazil.'''


 * United German Kingdoms: as a final punishment for their support of the Ferdinandists during the civil war, Prussia and Westphalia are incorporated into the main nation. With Hamburg's European territories now united for the first time since the 1435 unification that established the Duchy, massive administrative reforms are undertaken, four component kingdoms in Europe are established; Hamburg, Hanover, Westphalia, and Prussia. Cuba and New Rugia are also made component kingdoms, as a reward for the support of their loyal citizens. Despite being renamed the "United German Kingdoms", the name "Hamburg" remains as a common name for the whole nation. With the Spring of Nations spreading across Europe, Hamburgian citizens begin seeing their nation as the home of the movement, with its powerful monarch and nobility, and as one of the few states that have mostly shunned liberalism. King Sophia does make a speech on the German unification aspect of the revolution, famously remarking "from Oldenburg to Vienna, from Königsberg to Stuttgart, we share a language, we share a culture. It is time for us to begin thinking about putting aside our past differences, look inside at our common values, and raise a common flag over our lands."

they build up military power, and begins the process of two new war ships. Industry is built up as well, to prepare for any possible war. Rifles are being made by the government. They country now has 80,000 troops.
 * Sultanate of Bengal: Sultan Mahmud Shah I was proclaimed the Sultan of the Sultanate of Bengal on 1810, and he initiated his rule over the Sultanate soon after. The Bengali population rose about 70.1 million, mostly due to the large influx of Bengali immigrants coming from former Bengali crown vassals, for the economic opportunity was on the rise. The Empire officially began a reform of the economic system looking to bail the economy out of crisis from war debt, and the bullion was geared toward giving the empire a competitive edge in being able to invest millions on a whim in order to drive up investments and production. A new and strict tax system was established, based off the Sharia law, a decision lauded by the largely conservative populace. The monarchy also implemented a new currency system which was to be the well-regulated silver-based Bengali Tanki. Meanwhile, the Bengali military was divided into a Naval Force, Land Force and an Imperial Guard with each having their appointed head, answerable to the Sultan. The Bengali navy experimented its first ironclads and began further development of its new larger classes of steam engine ships, churning out first rate flagships for various fleets, and more third rates, and fourth rates with the occasional second rate to augment the smaller patrol fleets, the fifth and sixth rates began to become more standard as light and medium frigates for singular voyages and patrols among other things. For the land force, a standardized army of roughly 300,000 was raised with soldiers armed with modern rifles and with cannons to be used as an ideal seige equipment. The infantry was also equipped with daggers and swords, although the latter were usually ceremonial. The land forces acted to prevent any foreign incursion into Bengal whilst the Imperial Guard existed to thwart any attempt by revolutionaries to abolish the Sultanate. Given the lack of supply of armaments from Europe, many armament companies were established at local as well as national level which served national interests, as they actively engaged in production of firearms. In agriculture was the largest economic focus of Bengal, selling such goods as rice, wheat, maize, potatoes, indigo, opium, wheat, cannabis and other crops to European merchants as well as Indian. However, jute and muslin in particular, served as the most important exports of Bengal given the general need for such in Europe. The flocking of populations to Bengal coastal cities continued, with a mass increase of population in Visakhapatnam, Calcutta, Bhubaneswar, and various other minor cities and townships throughout the south. Of particular importance was the city of Calcutta which was established as the new capital of Bengal, replacing Pandua. Thus, with the constant inflow of manpower towards the coast, the Sultanate expanded upon its shipbuilding and fishery industry, and actively exploited the riches of the Bay of Bengal as it had been established as a virtual Bengali lake, with little to no opposition faced from Burma or Vijaynagar. Indeed, Bengal served as the principle centres of industry in the world. Along the same time, the Bengali Renaissance was in full swing with movements such as the Young Bengal movement established that espoused rationalism and atheism as the common denominators of civil conduct amongst the educated masses. The monarchy generally co-operated with the upholders of the renaissance, and brought forth social reforms in order to disband various backward practices such as belief in 'Priests' possessing powers which was termed shirk. Along the same time, education and scientific research was promoted amongst the masses, with schools and colleges constructed throughout the Sultanate. International-standard universities were also constructed at Kolkata, Pauda, Gaur and Visakhapatnam in order for Bengal to advance ahead of other Indian states and maintain a particular pace as the world entered into the stage of industrialization. However, it was the Bengali literature that reached its Golden Age with hundreds of poets and scholars sprouting throughout the Sultanate. The Sultanate itself promoted Urdu as well as Bengali. However, it was generally the former which entered into its zenith since Urdu was largely used amongst the elites. The positive attitude of the populace towards industrialization aided in promoting it, with a railroad and telephone system established which connected the Sultanate and eased transportation and communication. Along the same time, Bengali influence steadily grew in Jaunpur with extensive co-operation and trade between the two states. Major gains are made in Deccan, fighting continues. [Mil/Eco Turn]
 * Wilayet of Jaunpur: After the death of the Jaunpuri King, his daughter succeeds him and takes the title of Queen. She exercises great control over Jaunpur with only Foreign and Defence Affairs being directly under Bengali control. Nevertheless, Bengali influence over the Queen was secured through the use of powerful nobles. The infrastructure of Delhi faced reconstruction, in order to modernize the city and the Bengali Tanki was imposed as the currency in Jaunpur. The agricultural economy of the state was based of export of rice, sugarcane, wheat, soybeans, groundnuts, coarse cereals, pulses, and oil seeds largely through the port of Calcutta. Along the same time, industrial bases were established through Jaunpur with Delhi itself acting as an industrial, cultural and economic centre of India. Prince Timur Ashraf Shah marries Queen Huma Khan Lodi, establishing a dynastic union between Jaunpur and Bengal. Major gains are made in Deccan, fighting continues. [Mil/Eco Turn]
 * I think I already said this, but still, you can't vassalize Jaunpur. -Sky
 * Perhaps if you kept in mind the situation in India in PM3, the OTL situation India had in 1800s and considered how dependent Jaunpur is on Bengal, then surely you would realize that it is quite possible for Jaunpur to be vassalized. Even in OTL, the British vassalized Northern India, using Bengal as a base. Is that not exactly what I am doing? -Rimp
 * Still no, you're not the Brits. -Sky
 * Doesn't matter if I am not the Brits. It's plausible, and I should be able to do it. We've seen Roman Empire, Kalmar Union, Pskov and Tartary in the 19th Century, a Muslim Empire in Australia, Croatian Gibraltar and East Indies, French Columbia and South Africa, Hamburg Australia and Somalia, Japanese Ports of Hong Kong/Macau and here you are ... Trying to say that I can't do something which has been done countless times OTL and ATL. -Rimp
 * The British were Christian foreigners who had swore allegiance to the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and wished to bring it to power in India. Regardless of that, they were able to peacefully vassalize Northern India and Bengal is a Muslim Indian state, in a Dynastic Union with Jaunpur and you're suggesting that I can't do it because of a silly and pointless reason such as you're not the Brits. If we go by your "no vassalization" logic, please explain to me how your pretty little Sikhs managed to occupy twice as much land as they did OTL without over expanding and collapsing? I won't even even mention how the Sikhs weren't persecuted by Suris which could have provided a casus belli for war, or how there was no 'militaristic Guru' or how Sikhs don't even form 10% of the pop in the land they have occupied. But then you'll start saying "This is atl" whilst telling me that I can't vassalize Jaunpur because I am not the British. What hypocrisy! -Rimp
 * Alright, you're acknowledging the ATL, at last. Anyways, the Roman Empire, Kalmar UNion Pskov and Tartary all had exquisite players who handled the situation well (although Rome relied on luck A LOT). As for Croatia, I doubt you can set any limits there. Croatia is predominantly an ATL-based nation. Its power cannot be possibly compared to OTL, because in OTL it was purposely kept at a short leash. Anyways, You're implying that Jaunpur is still in a dynastic union with Bengal, which doesn't have to be the case judging by the numerous revolts. Moreover, I'm ignoring the sikhs because MP made that event. Jaunpur is a nation that is (atleast territorially) bigger than Bengal. But since you can't avoid the behaviour of a female dog, I will allow you to vassalize it, over a longer period. And it can't be just turn 1/x,2/x... x/x. No, it will be a long process that will depend on mod events and your skills as a map gamer to achieve your goal. -Sky
 * Korea: Korea continues to build up its military. Meanwhile, more Taoist, Neo-Confucian and Buddhist temples are built. Taoism rises in popularity and gains more followers. Regular (read: not Imperial) Shinto gains a few more followers as well, mainly along the coastline in Southeastern Korea, particularly in Busan, Jejudo, Ulsan, and the coastal cities and coastal towns of Southern Gyeongsang Province. Mahayana Tao-Shintoism also continues to grow, and begins gaining followers from the areas where Shinto is growing, with some Shintoists switching to Mahayana Tao-Shintoism. The military in the colony of Haejagang (해자강) continues to be on high alert and continues to heavily patrol the Korean settlements.
 * The Caliphate drastically develops military and the economy of the nation. We begin to construct the nation to its previous extent and glory. In addition to this endeavour, we start to garrison more men on our eastern borders, in addition to our border with the Roman Empire. Also, we try to influence the Persian Gulf trade to our control, in opposition to the Persians. We improve Mecca every year, donating a significant part of our treasury to the Holy City. As our steady population increases, so does our economy. A significant number of ships are built for our fleet. As we also begin to modernize our army, we improve the many cities of the Caliphate, specifically in Yemen and Iraq.
 * Andea: The Nationals take power in the Congress of Buenos Noches this year. Population stands at 25 million. Kurillianka takes the throne in both Andea and Voryloyclayr. Buenos Noches continues to grow, with a population of 65,000. Cuzco remains the largest city, with a population of 190,000. Military stands at 200,000 active men, and another 200,000 in reserve. The nation builds up its navy, expanding the amount of Warships and Ships of the Line as well as creating new Ship Yards. The nation continues to expand its industry and steam power. Cuzco remains the most industrial city in the nation, with most of the conetnients industrial goods coming from there. Buenos Noches sees the expansion of its industry as well. The new Federales Government passes the Limitation Doctrine, which gives them the power to declare war should a potential threat be perceived by the Andean Government or her sphere of influence. We also continue our support for the Osean Dictatorship. The Nationals continue to pursue the idea of a united Andea, continuing to expand their theories throughout the continent. The Novel  A World of Difference,  is published by a National Author. The Novel depicts a world in which Andea is divided, leading to another era of colonialism in Hesperia. Plans to construct a railroad from Cuzco to Buenos Dias begins, though the effort would involve massive clearing of the forest and jungle. The project is expected to take 50 years. Other railroads and highways are constructed in all nations, though.
 * Andean Overseas Territories: The Falkland Islands, under direct control of the Andean Military, prove to be a strategic location in protecting Vorlayacor's coast line. A military force of 15,000 is stationed on the islands.
 * Kingdom of Apeac: Military, economy and navy improve. Population stands at 200,000, as Andean settlers come in, seeking more land then they can get in their homeland. 4000 militiamen remain activated in the territory. 20,000 Andean military men remain active in the territory. Andean Settlers meet resistance from Mataco raiders, who attack settlements on the frontier.
 * Vorlayacor: Military, economy and navy improve. The nation sees a massive expansion of its infrastructure, with the Royal family owning much of the nation's infrastructure. Population stands at seven million. Military stands at 25,000 active men, with another 20,000 in reserve. Andean Military bases have 35,000 men stationed.The Nation joins the Second Hesperian League.
 * Osean Dictatorship: Known offically as the Federation of Osea, the Dictatorship is run by charsimatic politician, Phillip Cortez. Cortez dedicates the nation towards reuniting Osea. Every town secured by Coalition forces is annexed into the nation. Possible revolutionaries are tried, many executed. In a speech, Cortez justifies this by asking the Oseans under his wing "They seek to butcher our nation, to fracture and distort our culture. We have already endured so much, it is time to stop being the cattle, and become the Butcher ourselves." . The nation joins the Second Hesperian League. Despite the President's speech, the battle lines begin to stall. The Nation continues to claim all of Osea.
 * Morocco: The Kingdom of Morocco continues to improve its economy, infrastructure and build up its military. Morocco continues to westernize the nation and population continues to grow. The nation expands by 5000 sq km, with a few new cities built and roads built between old and new cities. More schools and houses are built and technology improves as well. For greatest of all, Industry is improved, mostly new are built in largest populated areas of Morocco.
 * Ruthenia: The Ruthenians continue to make infrastructure repairs and upgrades to their new territory. The Tartar architecture of the East continues to influence the Ruthenians.
 * BoraliaFlag.pngCommonwealth of Borealia: Both the military and economy improve. The continual industrial revolution has led to an increasing birth rate. Recent theories on economics and agriculture have led to the expansion of businesses at an exponential rate, including various forms of manufacturing, mining, and printing. Machines using steam power are also popular, as the first factories appear. Some of these businesses are also internationally based, buying and selling to the neighboring colonies of France, Britain, and Scandinavia, as well as the sovereign states of Reme, Arcadia, Aragon, Algonquia and Germany. The most productive of these businesses is the buffalo industry, monopolized by a few companies based in Kristallstadt (OTL Salt Lake City). The professional army and cavalry are continually trained, while the forts on both borders are expanded and new artillery is manufactured. Rifles are now standard equipment across the military. Caravels and frigates fitted with steam engines are constructed while coastal merchant trade expands across the Pacific. The University of New Vienna continues to produce new intellectuals and engineers. Railroads for steam engines begin to be built to span many cities across the plains. As military and diplomatic support is sent to Reme, the curia also offers to mass manufacture raw materials from them and sell bison products. Both the Kiatagmiut Band and the Aleut Islands are fully annexed by the Commonwealth. The transcontinental railroad is completed and already many ideas and merchandise begins to transverse the continent. As so many people begin to immigrate from the east coast, a new conservative movement springs in the Commonwealth. Known as the Romanesque Movement, these youth look fondly on the imperial republics of Rome and Byzantium as a better model of society than the the current "Commonwealth," which by now is accused of being an oxymoron. They also strive for more equal representation for Native Borealians.
 * China: The government continues industrialization as well as militarization. The Navy operates 50 warships and the Army has 500,000 soldiers. The economy begins to improve and occupation and integration of the territory from Manchu begins. Beijing is still the largest city. We re-occupy our cities that Japan had taken over and begin to re-incorporate them.
 * Castile: With a new leader, the government decides to send diplomats to Rome and Bengal, to build a a new allies. At home,
 * Tartary: The economy and military of Tartary are developed this year. Farming is the largest industry throughout the nation. The nation continues to develop cities. The population of Tartary continues to become larger. Tartary looks to establish an alliance with Scandinavia. We continue to expand 1000 px northeast. The Emperor position is re-established, and Alexis I becomes the Emperor.
 * Great Perm: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Azov: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bukhara: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bajkal: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Khiva: We build up our military and economy.
 * Kingdom of Parthia: We build up our military and economy.


 * Georgia- By this time Georgia is fully industrialized and is still focusing on building more and more forts. The culture is now heavily influenced by the Slavs due to their migration.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire is now at a period of peace and prosperity after a long period of war and uncertainty. Roman trade routes stretch across most of the world in the pursuit of wealth and trade goods and Roman military might remains a powerful force in Europe and other parts of the world. The Roman central government does what it can to address all of the issues of the various archonates within the Empire and ensure that their needs are met even as they help instill strength in the central government. Railroads are constructed around the nation to help connect the Empire and its peoples and steamships are used for much the same purpose on water. One of the most important railroads constructed in the Empire is the Trans-Imperial Railway, stretching all the way from Patras in Achaea all the way to Alexandria in Egypt. The Railway is immense and not yet completed, but when it is will provide the people of the Empire a cheaper and safer means of travel to the various regions of the Empire as well as increase commerce and military deployment. Despite this success, the Empire continues to worry about some of its more restive or vulnerable archonates, and makes efforts to help solve that. A fort is constructed in Lutriwita, military garrisons are established in Syria, and a new harbor is constructed in Antillia. Because of the protests, a new political party is formed called the Fascist party, after mobs of protestors walk with fasces in hand. The party soon springs to dominance, obtaining a large portion of the Senate in elections.
 * Lutriwita: The colony was relatively unaffected by the war, and as such life more or less continued on normally, although contact with the Empire was much less often than before. As such, the colony developed a sense of nationalism and independence in very much the same way that the other archonates did during the war. Luckily, the government in Constantinople realizes this and offers them the same representation rights that the archonates are now given in the Imperial Senate. This does much to ease any of the potential political issues at the present time.
 * Italy: Italy begins to recover from the war, and the local military and economy continues to grow and stabilize in the aftermath. The economy is largely built up with help from the central government, as the entire economy is in shambles and the central government is doing its best to help the entire Empire grow and interconnect better through economics.
 * Syria: The former capital region proves to be a considerable issue for the Roman occupation forces, as the region is full of Muslims but also a significant quantity of Christians. Roman forces establish themselves in the city of Antioch, which houses the largest Christian community of Syria, and from there they use military and economic power to heal the land and expand Roman control over taxation, military patrols, and infrastructure rebuilding.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 100 sq km among both colonies into the Galapago Islands called Illes d'Neptune. The colonies continue growing as expected. The colony of Nouvelle Rouen continues to expand inland throughout the land corridor given by Cahokie by 9800 sq km. Mining continues in the colony of Nouvelle Orleans. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The king is outraged, for such freedom given to the Rhenish kingdom so much betrayal! In an act of sheer punishment he declares an all-out war against the rebels and the nobles he dispatches a coalition army of around 400,000 troops (from all around the empire) to quell the uprising. in the now called French Borealia, the displacement of small Spanish settlements begin, offering a free ride for them to return back into Castile, and exchange or sell their possessions in the colonies or swear allegiance to the King. Trinity colony expands by 700 sq km, a local uprising begins in Nouvelle Orleans city (OTL Cartagena de las Indias, Colombia) it soon spreads through the country to Coucut (OTL Cucuta) Sableville (in Falcon Venezuela) and St Joseph d'Bacatte (OTL Bogota) and Basse Nubou (shortened Nouvelle Bourdeaux, OTL Bucaramanga) Demanding the lowering of the taxes in the colony, and the granting of local self ruling, the King considers it, making a promise to do so within the next 30 years, thinking it to be far enough for the promise to be forgotten. The government agrees on giving the Californian state or region self rule recognizing its own right to determine its destiny, however, remaining a territory of the Borealian Domain. The colony of Emeraldia is given free state status with the official name of Etat-livre du Nouvelle Orleans.
 * Kingdom of Rhenanie: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Kingdom of Lower Burgundy: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Sardinia-Corsica: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The Sardinian language has lowered its usage to only 10% of the population of Sardinia (roughly 50,000 people) with the speaking African (43%) and French (38%) or Vandalian (9% African Rhenish German dialect) and with the vast majority being able to speak both African and French (that is more or less 85% of the nation's population). The population is stable at 500,000 people.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The African language has become the de facto leading language surpassing every other (outside of French) being spoken by the 2.3 million people living in the country as either native or second language. Vandalian, however, dominates area of Tripolitania's coast with a population of around 5000 speakers in the region. French is still the main language officially. Trading outposts begin to be made in the border of the country to trade with Tuareg and inland tribes. Sends supplies to the Rhenish War.
 * French Mali: Due to vast piracy campaigns which France and Spain have contributed to has resulted in many pirate coves in the Bissagos Islands, and as a result a larger influx of Frenchmen arrived this year, though they still don't even make up 1% yet. Ports continue to expand appropriately and the region becomes a place worth note on many maps. Roads continue being built to outlying villages and plantations continue being built.
 * Artois: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure and navy are built up. The nation prepares an army for the conflict in Britannia.
 * Free City of Danzig: The military, economy, infrastructure, and navy are built up, Danzig asks for an alliance with the current Prussian and Polish government.
 * Reme: Reme begins to build up its military and economy. After a long, heated discussion of how Reme would be governed, the tribal representatives (as well as notable Byzantine-Borealians) decide to create a republic, with a basic constitution that would be given basic rights to citizens of Reme. After these discussions, a rich Byzantine-Borealian named Stephanos Shawnee, and becomes the first President of Reme. Shawnee starts to upgrade trade and military services. However seeing Reme, a new nation, vulnerable to foreign attack, starts to encourage militarization of the west, and opens up to military alliances with other nations. Meanwhile, trade is improved on, with industrialization, mainly former Byzantine areas slowly being introduced to populous areas. Lumber, cash crops, and other goods become a major export of Reme, and starts getting Reme a jump-start into the European economy. Shawnee also commands the creation of a couple new navy ships, to help modernize the outdated Remian navy. Reme continues its current expansion into the Michigan peninsula, expanding another 150 pixels into it. Meanwhile, the idea of building coal mines come into mind, especially in the OTL West Virginian area. Coal mining plants are started to be worked on. Reme also starts very slowly changing its focus to industrial things, with a nation wide railroad being considered to be built. Reme incorporates the French territory of Rouenelle as a province of Reme, with Cahokie being designated as a territory of Reme. With this, French is now declared an official language of Reme, with Greek and French made mandatory for children in Reman schools. Construction in the railroad continues, with the two native states being declared war upon to fix the track and to oust from that area. Jayson Chistakos, a politican, gains popularity, and gains influence thorugout the Republic. He eventually wins the election called for by the population and becomes the first Emperor of Reme.
 * In Aragon the nation continues to prosper as a center of the arts and learning. The construction of new buildings, roads and other infrastructure continues. Aragonese merchants and emissaries continue yo sail around the world to expand the reach of Aragon in terms of wealth and diplomatic connections. Aragon also becomes a place where artists and intellectual minds meet and do things. It is cool. Due to the regrowth of the economy, new jobs created in the three major cities lead to more people moving to the cities. Stronger cements are produced, whatever that means, leading to the construction of some taller buildings, especially in the major cities such as Zaragoza and Valencia. A rail link between Zaragoza and Madrid is proposed. With the advent of steam power, factories begin to be built and stuff. Textile mills, cloth factories and other places begin to harness steam power to do more things faster, which creates more jobs that people move to cities to get. Industrialization is gaining speed. The construction of ships and weaponry continues.
 * Duchy of Oldenburg: The latent conservative dissatisfaction with the relatively liberal political system bursts forth this year, with nobles, rich merchants, and some conservative farmers begin large-scale protests. Some turn violent, and the army is called in to keep the peace. With the Landtag not in session, it is up to the High Council and Duke Conrad to solve the situation. Negotiations with the protestors result in the balance of power between Landtag and High Council being shifted again, this time in favour of the noble-dominated High Council. The Prince-Bishop of Osnabruck and the Church in Oldenburg in general is unsure which side to take. In response to calls for "German unification" (I'm not entirely sure who is making these calls, since the conservative elite would probably not give a toss, but anyay), Conrad, as Holy Roman Emperor, calls for the Holy Roman Empire to become more centralised, with an Imperial Parliament etc, and asks Hamburg to join Oldenburg in this venture.
 * Hamburgian dip: Hamburg expresses interest in Conrads proposals, and agrees to join him.


 * In Pskov, the GDP rises along with average wages. The Inter-Republic Road network is expanded. The Science and technology aspect of Pskov is not overlooked either. As prosperity in the nation increases, the amount of money and new people investing in institutions of higher learning. As such, the various schools that existed in Nizhegorodsk-Na-Narve unite and form the "University of Nizhegorodsk", beginning a rivalry between it and Pskov. The Pskovians want to encourage immigration from Russia, and are somewhat more successful with the Muscovite serfs, who can move around freely with their landlord's consent. This puts much issues with the leadership of Novgorod and Muscovy, who think Pskov is just looking for a fight. The ruble is becoming more and more used and is becoming the unofficial currency of Russia. The idea of currency reform, to reform it to a decimal system is put out, in order to simplify much trade (even though it is already simple enough with multiples of 20). Zlatobrezhie becomes more and more wealthy as more people get used to over 100 years of Pskovian governance. A gunsmith introduces the first revolver, and it quickly becomes popular with both the officer class. Seeing mass protests occuring, the Union government decides to let them be so long as they do not move to kill anyone (thinking they will dissipate and most will chose to voice their concerns in the next election with their votes, and a political capaign is best). All factions in the Grand Senate attempt to mobilize the crowds in order to improve their own position and garner the votes, all attempt to get into the good graces of the protesters. Several Nationalists and Agrarians team up to form the National-Conservative Party. The NCP, having only 63 members in June, mobilize their combined efforts in the Nations of Pskov and Belarussia in order to groom the crowd to their favour. The Pan-Rusisan ideology shared by many is used to convince them that the Grand Union, and the city of Pskov, shoud be the center of a partnership of Russian and East Slavic Nations. However they do not go so far as to say that they should separate the Union, only that the city and Nation of Pskov should be the dominant power in a pan-russian partnership or even expanding Pskov to contribute to a new Russian state. This comes as Elections are scheduled for next year, and the Unionists fail to curry favour with the protesters...we live in interesting times indeed...
 * Nordic Union: The economy and military of Scandinavia and Britannia improves this year. Import/export businesses in Denmark, Sweden and Norway bring in a considerable amount of income. Urbanization in London leads to rapid industrialization of southern Britannia. This also happens in Copenhagen and Oslo. While Oslo celebrates the explosion of population, Copenhagen starts seeing overcrowding issues. Incentives to resettle in Finnish and Icelandic areas are enacted. Scandinavia and Britannia's chief exports include iron, wood, and other construction materiel, a commodity that is vastly growing in necessity as urbanization increases throughout Europe. Militaries in Europe purchase Nordic iron for ships and weapons. The Scandinavian colonies are a source of even more lumber. The British colonies, in the meantime, provide bountiful food for the Nordic Union. Resources such as pelts bring in massive amounts of profit for Scandinavia, both due to intranational trading and international trading. Scandinavia exports resources such as textiles, dyes and foodstuffs from its trading partners. Interest in coffee plants rises among nobles as the drink becomes more popular among the population of Scandinvia, especially in the upper class and in the aristocracy. Though the bean is expensive to Scandinavia, coffee sales spike. Indonesian powers are offered exclusive trade deals for coffee in exchange for discounted, high-quality wood and iron. Scandinavia retains its alliances with Pskov, the Roman Empire, and many other nations. These alliances are celebrated in the Scandinavian and British courts. The ports in Iceland and London are expanded to accommodate more ships. Education in Scandinavia continues to improve. The literacy rate is steadily increasing as public schools are built throughout the nation. The population of Scandinavia continues to explode as well. Urbanization, more food supplies, better census data, and other factors are all leading to a spike in population. Scandinavia's population is expected to reach twenty million by 1830. While this increase in population does come with benefits, it has its drawbacks as well. In political news, the House of Scandinavia-Britannia continues to remain in charge of Scandinavia. The Riksdag is dominated by this royal house. Scandinavia wishes to become closer to the Dutch. Centuries ago, the Northern Trading Pact had solidified British, Scandinavian and Dutch relations alike. In the meantime, Scandinavia begins vassalizing |onte (or whatever big bubble is right above it). Conservative sentiment begins in Stockholm and, in general, Sweden. While it is a relatively popular revolt in Sweden, it's extremely unpopular anywhere else in Scandinavia. Likewise, the sentiment in Wales and England grows. The people in Norway, Denmark, Finnish areas, Scotland, and every other place become incredibly irritated with the Conservatives. A fire in Stockholm due to conservative protests results in millions of Crowns worth of property damage. The conservative protests die down in Sweden afterwards and don't pop up again.
 * Durbin: The colony of Durbin expands along the western coast of Australia from the former settlement that crashed there so long ago. With contact and resources flowing in from Scandinavia-Britannia, a minor boom is witnessed (colony expands 1000 sq km south along western coast).
 * Eire: The Irish continue to expand their navy and army, even more so due to the strains in Europe.
 * Ghana: More troops are raised from locals. Military and infrastructure are expanded. Most locals now see themselves as loyal British citizens and now fully vote and represent the colonies, Ghana becomes the first Brittannic colony to invoke near self rule, with little regulation from the homeland due to the mutual respect from the others. Any separatist movements are largely ignored.
 * Helluland: The military and economy are improved. Helluland expands by 10,000 sq km this year. Helluland is responsible for the production of furs in the Scandinavian Empire, generating much profit for the colony.
 * Hondeklip: The military of this African colony expands. In the meantime, Hondeklip expands by 1000 sq km.
 * Iceland: The military and economy are improved. Iceland is an important port for northern Europeans. Due to the large amounts of trade flowing into Icelandic ports, the population of Iceland increases. Iceland begins to expand its outpost on Greenland by 20,000 sq km this year. The iron mines in Iceland lead to several entrepreneurs flocking to Iceland in the interest of expanding their personal fortunes.
 * Karelia: The military and economy expand. Karelia has been in the Scandinavian realm for centuries now. It is the location of many important fortresses, namely Castle Vyborg. Karelia is a massive source of iron for Scandinavia. Trade with Russia and Pskov flows through Karelia during the summer months.
 * New Zealand: The military and economy expand.
 * Port Edmundburg: Expands by 1000 sq km south and east down the coast. The African colonists begin looking toward mining and other ventures to generate profit. A new newspaper, the first in a colony, is founded, called the Edmundburg Report. The slave trade begins to boom as exploitation of local minerals reaches a high amount. Slaves are sent to the New World to help boost production.
 * Schleswig: The military and economy are expanded. Schleswig has been a vassal of the Scandinavian Empire for quite some time. All land routes into Scandinavia go through this vassal, meaning Schleswig is one of Scandinavia's wealthiest vassals.
 * Scotland: Expands navy and military. The Edinburgh Stock Exchange continues to do well. The Emperor visits Glasgow for the wedding of noblewoman Cassandra De' Levae, wife of the Duke of Westminster in a surprise visit keen on proving that he is open to reconciliation with the House of Hamburg.
 * Algonquia: Launches huge-scale modernization efforts, focusing on the military, economy and infrastructure. Focus on modernizing the navy and creating an effective ferry service to link the nation together results in the launch of new and more modern ships. Telegraph lines are expanded to Chemiwanit in the far West. All vassals also modernize, although more slowly. Algonquian merchants begin to look for trade opportunities in more far-flung markets, like Hesperia and the Imperial Sea. The High Sachem mollifies the population by assuring them the war will bring great benefits in the future. The military undergoes significant exercises this year, to further its preparation for another conflict. Algonquia expands 5000 km north. With railroad construction complete, trade and commerce begins to flow more swiftly through the country, increasing per capita wealth. The Council of Sachems becomes increasingly divided into several factions, the Centralist factions, based on the ideas of tribal economists, who argue for increased central control of the economy, a Traditionalist faction, which argues for a return to traditional tribal values, and the Modernization faction, which currently dominates.
 * Odawa: Odawa improves its military, and focuses on industrialization in emulation of Algonquia. Mackinac prospers, and is treated as the nation's "second city".
 * Menominee: The newly united states develop military and economy.
 * Hielijan: The economy continues to develop through trade and Beothuk immigrate.

1849
''' The mass protests of the last year begin to die down, as in most cases the protestors are disorganized and lack real cohesion in pursuing their objectives. Despite this, most nations afflicted by these protests have been affected in some way shape or form, and it's unlikely the political establishment will be the same in the near future. '''

''' Eemil Jakoppi, a Finnish man, writes the Communist Manifesto. The Conservative revolts in Sweden, which lost a considerable amount of momentum last year, sparked his revolutionary, if not slightly disgruntled commentary on society. It becomes very popular in Finland. '''


 * United German Kingdoms: Administrative reform continues. Many in Hamburg are disappointed in the outcome of the Spring of Nations, yet accept the little reform that it sparked. Many in Hamburg shun Jakoppis manifesto, a result of the people's longtime support for the nobility and the monarchy. Nevertheless, a small leftist party is formed, hoping to incorporate aspects of it into Hamburgs system. Industrialization continues as factory construction picks up. The first privately owned iron corporation in Hamburg, Bergg & Co., opens for business this year in Münster, giving the first competition to the state-run Crown Iron Company. Privately owned companies in other industries, from textile to shipbuilding, also spring up. New Mecklenburg in OTL Australia expands by 750 px.

- Sends diplomats and gifts to the French, hopeful of a new ally.
 * Sultanate of Bengal: Sultan Mahmud Shah I was proclaimed the Sultan of the Sultanate of Bengal on 1810, and he initiated his rule over the Sultanate soon after. The Bengali population rose about 70.1 million, mostly due to the large influx of Bengali immigrants coming from former Bengali crown vassals, for the economic opportunity was on the rise. The Empire officially began a reform of the economic system looking to bail the economy out of crisis from war debt, and the bullion was geared toward giving the empire a competitive edge in being able to invest millions on a whim in order to drive up investments and production. A new and strict tax system was established, based off the Sharia law, a decision lauded by the largely conservative populace. The monarchy also implemented a new currency system which was to be the well-regulated silver-based Bengali Tanki. Meanwhile, the Bengali military was divided into a Naval Force, Land Force and an Imperial Guard with each having their appointed head, answerable to the Sultan. The Bengali navy experimented its first ironclads and began further development of its new larger classes of steam engine ships, churning out first rate flagships for various fleets, and more third rates, and fourth rates with the occasional second rate to augment the smaller patrol fleets, the fifth and sixth rates began to become more standard as light and medium frigates for singular voyages and patrols among other things. For the land force, a standardized army of roughly 300,000 was raised with soldiers armed with modern rifles and with cannons to be used as an ideal seige equipment. The infantry was also equipped with daggers and swords, although the latter were usually ceremonial. The land forces acted to prevent any foreign incursion into Bengal whilst the Imperial Guard existed to thwart any attempt by revolutionaries to abolish the Sultanate. Given the lack of supply of armaments from Europe, many armament companies were established at local as well as national level which served national interests, as they actively engaged in production of firearms. In agriculture was the largest economic focus of Bengal, selling such goods as rice, wheat, maize, potatoes, indigo, opium, wheat, cannabis and other crops to European merchants as well as Indian. However, jute and muslin, in particular served as the most important exports of Bengal given the general need for such in Europe. The flocking of populations to Bengal coastal cities continued, with a mass increase of population in Visakhapatnam, Calcutta, Bhubaneswar, and various other minor cities and townships throughout the south. Of particular importance was the city of Calcutta which was established as the new capital of Bengal, replacing Pandua. Thus, with the constant inflow of manpower towards the coast, the Sultanate expanded upon its shipbuilding and fishery industry, and actively exploited the riches of the Bay of Bengal as it had been established as a virtual Bengali lake, with little to no opposition faced from Burma or Vijaynagar. Indeed, Bengal served as the principle centres of industry in the world. Along the same time, the Bengali Renaissance was in full swing with movements such as the Young Bengal movement established that espoused rationalism and atheism as the common denominators of civil conduct amongst the educated masses. The monarchy generally co-operated with the upholders of the renaissance, and brought forth social reforms in order to disband various backward practices such as belief in 'Priests' possessing powers which was termed shirk. Along the same time, education and scientific research was promoted amongst the masses, with schools and colleges constructed throughout the Sultanate. International-standard universities were also constructed at Kolkata, Pauda, Gaur and Visakhapatnam in order for Bengal to advance ahead of other Indian states and maintain a particular pace as the world entered into the stage of industrialization. However, it was the Bengali literature that reached its Golden Age with hundreds of poets and scholars sprouting throughout the Sultanate. The Sultanate itself promoted Urdu as well as Bengali, however it was generally the former which entered into its zenith since Urdu was largely used amongst the elites. The positive attitude of the populace towards industrialization aided in promoting it, with a railroad and telephone system established which connected the Sultanate and eased transportation and communication. Along the same time, Bengali influence steadily grew in Jaunpur with extensive co-operation and trade between the two states. Major gains are made in Deccan, war ends by the end of the year. [Mil/Eco Turn]
 * Castile: The Government is confused by the new troops, and then welcomes them. The govenment goes ballistic with their military, every man above 16 is now drafted . The govenment starts building five more war ships, and a whole new branch for the navy. Industrialization is expanded almost two-fold, jobs are increased, as well as schools. Repeating rifles are being researched, and bayonets are being researched as well.

- Requests weapons from Rome. We will pay up to 50,000 dollars.

Overall, we now have a total 95,000 troops. What are we up to ...

'''You really don't want to draft every man above 16 into the military. Your country would literally collapse from both the social and economic strain of such an action. -MP'''
 * In the Grand Union (Pskov), the GDP rises along with average wages. The Inter-Republic Road network is expanded. The Science and technology aspect of Pskov is not overlooked either. As prosperity in the nation increases, the amount of money and new people investing in institutions of higher learning. As such, the various schools that existed in Nizhegorodsk-Na-Narve unite and form the "University of Nizhegorodsk", beginning a rivalry between it and Pskov. The Pskovians want to encourage immigration from Russia, and are somewhat more successful with the Muscovite serfs, who can move around freely with their landlord's consent. This puts much issues with the leadership of Novgorod and Muscovy, who think Pskov is just looking for a fight. The ruble is becoming more and more used and is becoming the unofficial currency of Russia. The idea of currency reform, to reform it to a decimal system is put out, in order to simplify much trade (even though it is already simple enough with multiples of 20). Zlatobrezhie becomes more and more wealthy as more people get used to over 100 years of Pskovian governance. A gunsmith introduces the first revolver, and it quickly becomes popular with both the officer class. A new bullet is invented, conical inside, and with the advent of industry, rifles become the norm for the Guard regiments, and will soon enter service for the regular forces. With Elections occuring this year, the factions are busy campaigning in their constituancies. However none can withstand the unified front put up by the National-Conservative Party, who managed to be the only faction that was able to use last year's protests in any meaningful way. Further scandal erupts in politics as the First Senator's wife, Melissa Gottfried, is revealed to have been having an affair with a local journalist for quite some time (to whom she gave much-needed insider information). This does not look good for the Unionist faction, as the NCP capitalizes on this humiliation. The NCP, having only 71 seats before the election (eight Industrialist, Agrarian or Nationalist members "crossed the floor" last June), enter the new senatorial session with 293 representatives, enough to form a majority mandate. The Unionists suffer the biggest blow, being reduced to 45 seats from 173, with the Industrialists obtaining 61 seats, the Agrarians obtaining 36 seats, and Nationalists four seats, with 60 members sitting as independents. The Leader of the National-Conservative Party, Vladimir Ilych Rasputin, is appointed as the First Senator. Cedrik Gottfried loses his seat in the parliament, and the Unionists fall apart as a coherent faction. One of the first acts of parliament officially allowed parties to from and campaign together, a thing that was only possible through loopholes before. Aparently the NCP did not expect the opposition to unite. They did - oops I guess. After the signing of the bill into law, many former members of the Unionist Faction, after speaking with a few Industrialists and Independents, decide to from the United Liberal Party, taking their name from Economic Liberalism (hopefully this change in name will distract them from Cedrik Gottfried and his little debacle).  At the End of the year, the membership of the Grand Senate is such: the Government formed by the National Conservative Party controls 293 seats. The Official Opposition is held by the United Liberal Party, who control 75 seats. The government is also opposed by the Industrialist Faction, who are loosely represented by 32 seats, the Agrarian Faction, loosely represented by 32 seats and the Nationalist faction, loosely represented by five seats. Sixty-three (63) members sit independently without allegiance.
 * Korea: Korea continues to build up its military. Meanwhile, more Taoist, Neo-Confucian and Buddhist temples are built. Taoism rises in popularity and gains more followers. Regular (read: not Imperial) Shinto gains a few more followers as well, mainly along the coastline in Southeastern Korea, particularly in Busan, Jejudo, Ulsan, and the coastal cities and coastal towns of Southern Gyeongsang Province. Mahayana Tao-Shintoism also continues to grow, and begins gaining followers from the areas where Shinto is growing, with some Shintoists switching to Mahayana Tao-Shintoism. The military in the colony of Haejagang (해자강) continues to be on high alert and continues to heavily patrol the Korean settlements.
 * Ruthenia: The Ruthenians continue to make infrastructure repairs and upgrades to their new territory. The Tartar architecture of the East continues to influence the Ruthenians.
 * BoraliaFlag.pngCommonwealth of Borealia: Both the military and economy improve. The continual industrial revolution has led to an increasing birth rate. Recent theories on economics and agriculture have led to the expansion of businesses at an exponential rate, including various forms of manufacturing, mining and printing. Machines using steam power are also popular, as the first factories appear. Some of these businesses are also internationally based, buying and selling to the neighboring colonies of France, Britain, and Scandinavia, as well as the sovereign states of Reme, Arcadia, Aragon, Algonquia and Germany. The most productive of these businesses is the buffalo industry, monopolized by a few companies based in Kristallstadt (OTL Salt Lake City). The professional army and cavalry are continually trained, while the forts on both borders are expanded and new artillery is manufactured. Rifles are now standard equipment across the military. Caravels and frigates fitted with steam engines are constructed while coastal merchant trade expands across the Pacific, particularly in Hawaii. The University of New Vienna continues to produce new intellectuals and engineers. Railroads for steam engines begin to be built to span many cities across the plains. As military and diplomatic support is sent to Reme, the curia also offers to mass manufacture raw materials from them and sell bison products. The Romanesque movement continues to be popular among the younger generation, as small, independent communes appear around central California. A massive amount of gold is struck in California, followed by a second wave in Alaska three months later. By the end of the year, the economy of San Francisco begins to rival that of Kristallstadt, and the immigrant population of Alaska continues to climb. The Romanesque movement frowns upon this, however, and sees it as another means of taking advantage of the Borealian natives.
 * Morocco: The Kingdom of Morocco continues to improve its economy, infrastructure and build up its military. Morocco continues to westernize the nation and population continues to grow. The nation expands by 5000 sq km, with a few new cities built and roads built between old and new cities. More schools and houses are built and technology improves as well. Industry continues improved to be one of best works in Morocco, mostly new are built in largest populated areas of Morocco.
 * The Caliphate drastically develops military and the economy of the nation. We begin to construct the nation to its previous extent and glory. In addition to this endeavour, we start to garrison more men on our eastern borders, in addition to our border with the Roman Empire. Also, we try to influence the Persian Gulf trade to our control, in opposition to the Persia. We improve Mecca every year, donating a significant part of our treasury to the Holy City. As our steady population increases, so does our economy. A significant number of ships are built for our fleet. As we also begin to modernize our army, we improve the many cities of the Caliphate, specifically in Yemen and Iraq. We declare war on the Zand Dynasty of Persia, trusting in that the Caliphate is the true claimant to the nation of Persia. We also request that our allies come to our aid in the time of need.
 * China: China continues industrialization and remilitarization.
 * Tartary: The economy and military of Tartary are developed this year. Farming is the largest industry throughout the nation. The nation continues to develop cities. The population of Tartary continues to become larger. Tartary looks to establish an alliance with Scandinavia. We continue to expand 1000 px northeast. The Emperor position is re-established, and Alexis I becomes the Emperor.
 * Great Perm: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Azov: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bukhara: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bajkal: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Khiva: We build up our military and economy.
 * Kingdom of Parthia: We build up our military and economy.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire is now at a period of peace and prosperity after a long period of war and uncertainty. Roman trade routes stretch across most of the world in the pursuit of wealth and trade goods and Roman military might remains a powerful force in Europe and other parts of the world. The Roman central government does what it can to address all of the issues of the various archonates within the Empire and ensure that their needs are met even as they help instill strength in the central government. Railroads are constructed around the nation to help connect the Empire and its peoples and steamships are used for much the same purpose on water. One of the most important railroads constructed in the Empire is the Trans-Imperial Railway, stretching all the way from Patras in Achaea all the way to Alexandria in Egypt. The Railway is immense and not yet completed, but when it is will provide the people of the Empire a cheaper and safer means of travel to the various regions of the Empire as well as increase commerce and military deployment. Despite this success, the Empire continues to worry about some of its more restive or vulnerable archonates, and makes efforts to help solve that. A fort is constructed in Lutriwita, military garrisons are established in Syria, and a new harbor is constructed in Antillia. Because of the protests, a new political party is formed called the Fascist party, after mobs of protestors walk with fasces in hand. The party soon springs to dominance, obtaining a large portion of the Senate in elections.
 * Lutriwita: The colony was relatively unaffected by the war, and as such life more or less continued on normally, although contact with the Empire was much less often than before. As such, the colony developed a sense of nationalism and independence in very much the same way that the other archonates did during the war. Luckily, the government in Constantinople realizes this and offers them the same representation rights that the archonates are now given in the Imperial Senate. This does much to ease any of the potential political issues at the present time.
 * Italy: Italy begins to recover from the war, and the local military and economy continues to grow and stabilize in the aftermath. The economy is largely built up with help from the central government, as the entire economy is in shambles and the central government is doing its best to help the entire Empire grow and interconnect better through economics.
 * Syria: The former capital region proves to be a considerable issue for the Roman occupation forces, as the region is full of Muslims but also a significant quantity of Christians. Roman forces establish themselves in the city of Antioch, which houses the largest Christian community of Syria, and from there they use military and economic power to heal the land and expand Roman control over taxation, military patrols, and infrastructure rebuilding.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 100 sq km among both colonies into the Galapago Islands called Illes d'Neptune. The colonies continue growing as expected. The colony of Nouvelle Rouen continues to expand inland throughout the land corridor given by Cahokie by 9800 sq km. Mining continues in the colony of Nouvelle Orleans. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The king is outraged, for such freedom given to the Rhenish kingdom so much betrayal! In an act of sheer punishment he declares an all-out war against the rebels and the nobles he dispatches a coalition army of around 400,000 troops (from all around the empire) to quell the uprising. in the now called French Borealia, the displacement of small Spanish settlements begin, offering a free ride for them to return back into Castile, and exchange or sell their possessions in the colonies or swear allegiance to the King. Trinity colony expands by 700 sq km, a local uprising begins in Nouvelle Orleans city (OTL Cartagena de las Indias, Colombia) it soon spreads through the country to Coucut (OTL Cucuta) Sableville (in Falcon Venezuela) and St Joseph d'Bacatte (OTL Bogota) and Basse Nubou (shortened Nouvelle Bourdeaux, OTL Bucaramanga). Demanding the lowering of the taxes in the colony, and the granting of local self ruling, the King considers it, making a promise to do so within the next 30 years, thinking it to be far enough for the promise to be forgotten. The government agrees on giving the Californian state or region self rule recognizing its own right to determine its destiny, however, remaining a territory of the Borealian Domain. The colony of Emeraldia is given free state status with the official name of Etat-livre du Nouvelle Orleans.
 * Kingdom of Rhenanie: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Kingdom of Lower Burgundy: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Sardinia-Corsica: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The Sardinian language has lowered its usage to only 10% of the population of Sardinia (roughly 50,000 people) with the speaking African (43%) and French (38%) or Vandalian (9% African Rhenish German dialect) and with the vast majority being able to speak both African and French (that is more or less 85% of the nation's population). The population is stable at 500,000 people.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The African language has become the de facto leading language surpassing every other (outside of French) being spoken by the 2.3 million people living in the country as either native or second language. Vandalian, however, dominates area of Tripolitania's coast with a population of around 5000 speakers in the region. French is still the main language officially. Trading outposts begin to be made in the border of the country to trade with Tuareg and inland tribes. Sends supplies to the Rhenish War.
 * French Mali: Due to vast piracy campaigns which France and Spain have contributed to has resulted in many pirate coves in the Bissagos Islands, and as a result a larger influx of Frenchmen arrived this year, though they still don't even make up 1% yet. Ports continue to expand appropriately and the region becomes a place worth note on many maps. Roads continue being built to outlying villages and plantations continue being built.
 * Artois: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure and navy are built up. The nation prepares an army for the conflict in Britannia.
 * Free City of Danzig: The military, economy, infrastructure, and navy are built up, Danzig asks for an alliance with the current Prussian and Polish government.
 * Reme: Reme begins to build up its military and economy. After a long, heated discussion of how Reme would be governed, the tribal representatives (as well as notable Byzantine-Borealians) decide to create a republic, with a basic constitution that would be given basic rights to citizens of Reme. After these discussions, a rich Byzantine-Borealian named Stephanos Shawnee, and becomes the first President of Reme. Shawnee starts to upgrade trade and military services. However seeing Reme, a new nation, vulnerable to foreign attack, starts to encourage militarization of the west, and opens up to military alliances with other nations. Meanwhile, trade is improved on, with industrialization, mainly former Byzantine areas slowly being introduced to populous areas. Lumber, cash crops, and other goods become a major export of Reme, and starts getting Reme a jump-start into the European economy. Shawnee also commands the creation of a couple new navy ships, to help modernize the outdated Remian navy. Reme continues its current expansion into the Michigan peninsula, expanding another 150 pixels into it. Meanwhile, the idea of building coal mines come into mind, especially in the OTL West Virginian area. Coal mining plants are started to be worked on. Reme also starts very slowly changing its focus to industrial things, with a nation wide railroad being considered to be built. Reme incorporates the French territory of Rouenelle as a province of Reme, with Cahokie being designated as a territory of Reme. With this, French is now declared an official language of Reme, with Greek and French made mandatory for children in Reman schools. Construction in the railroad continues, with the two native states being declared war upon to fix the track and to oust from that area. Jayson Chistakos, a politican, gains popularity, and gains influence thorugout the Republic. He eventually wins the election called for by the population and becomes the first Emperor of Reme.
 * Algonquia: Launches huge-scale modernization efforts, focusing on the military, economy and infrastructure. Focus on modernizing the navy and creating an effective ferry service to link the nation together results in the launch of new and more modern ships. Telegraph lines are expanded to Chemiwanit in the far West. All vassals also modernize, although more slowly. Algonquian merchants begin to look for trade opportunities in more far-flung markets, like Hesperia and the Imperial Sea. The High Sachem mollifies the population by assuring them the war will bring great benefits in the future. The military undergoes significant exercises this year, to further its preparation for another conflict. Algonquia expands 5000 km north. With railroad construction complete, trade and commerce begins to flow more swiftly through the country, increasing per capita wealth. The Council of Sachems becomes increasingly divided into several factions, the Centralist factions, based on the ideas of tribal economists, who argue for increased central control of the economy, a Traditionalist faction, which argues for a return to traditional tribal values, and the Modernization faction, which currently dominates.
 * Odawa: Odawa improves its military, and focuses on industrialization in emulation of Algonquia. Mackinac prospers, and is treated as the nation's "second city".
 * Menominee: The newly united states develop military and economy.
 * Hielijan: The economy continues to develop through trade and Beothuk immigrate.


 * Andea: The Nationals take power in the Congress of Buenos Noches this year. Population stands at 25 million Kurillianka takes the throne in both Andea and Voryloyclayr. Buenos Noches continues to grow, with a population of 65,000. Cuzco remains the largest city, with a population of 190,000. Military stands at 200,000 active men, and another 200,000 in reserve. The nation builds up its navy, expanding the amount of Warships and Ships of the Line as well as creating new Ship Yards. The nation continues to expand its industry and steam power. Cuzco remains the most industrial city in the nation, with most of the conetnients industrial goods coming from there. Buenos Noches sees the expansion of its industry as well. The new Federales Government passes the Limitation Doctrine, which gives them the power to declare war should a potential threat be perceived by the Andean Government or her sphere of influence. We also continue our support for the Osean Dictatorship. The Nationals continue to pursue the idea of a united Andea, continuing to expand their theories throughout the continent. The Novel  A World of Difference,  is published by a National Author. The Novel depicts a world in which Andea is divided, leading to another era of colonialism in Hesperia. Plans to construct a railroad from Cuzco to Buenos Dias begins, though the effort would involve massive clearing of the forest and jungle. The project is expected to take 50 years. Other railroads and highways are constructed in all nations, though.
 * Andean Overseas Territories: The Falkland Islands, under direct control of the Andean Military, prove to be a strategic location in protecting Vorlayacor's coast line. A military force of 15,000 is stationed on the islands.
 * Kingdom of Apeac: Military, economy and navy improve. Population stands at 200,000, as Andean settlers come in, seeking more land then they can get in their homeland. 4000 militiamen remain activated in the territory. 20,000 Andean military men remain active in the territory. Andean Settlers meet resistance from Mataco raiders, who attack settlements on the frontier.
 * Vorlayacor: Military, economy and navy improve. The nation sees a massive expansion of its infrastructure, with the Royal family owning much of the nation's infrastructure. Population stands at seven million. Military stands at 25,000 active men, with another 20,000 in reserve. Andean Military bases have 35,000 men stationed.The Nation joins the Second Hesperian League.
 * Osean Dictatorship: Known offically as the Federation of Osea, the Dictatorship is run by charsimatic politician, Phillip Cortez. Cortez dedicates the nation towards reuniting Osea. Every town secured by Coalition forces is annexed into the nation. Possible revolutionaries are tried, many executed. In a speech, Cortez justifies this by asking the Oseans under his wing "They seek to butcher our nation, to fracture and distort our culture. We have already endured so much, it is time to stop being the cattle, and become the Butcher ourselves." . The nation joins the Second Hesperian League. Despite the President's speech, the battle lines begin to stall. The Nation continues to claim all of Osea.

1850
''' Communism grows in Finland, though it becomes less popular as a somewhat less-radical socialist outlook evolves, especially in Helsinki. '''

''' The mechanical theory of heat is discovered in Athens, paving the way for the laws of Thermodymanics to be ascertained in later years. '''


 * United German Kingdoms: King Sophia dies in her sleep in May. She is succeeded by her son, who takes the name Karl III. King Karl sponsors an expansion and modernization of the navy, looking to take advantage of newer and more efficient steam engines. Meanwhile, the first of hopefully consistent census is taken. When the results are counted in November, they peg the population at 12.5 million citizens, with 200,000 residents in New Rugia, and 2.2 million in Kuba, and another 900,000 spread through the overseas provinces of New Hamburg, New Brunswick, and Belize. The remaining population is spread out in the core European territories.


 * Sultanate of Bengal: Sultan Mahmud Shah I was proclaimed the Sultan of the Sultanate of Bengal on 1810, and he initiated his rule over the Sultanate soon after. The Bengali population rose about 70.1 million, mostly due to the large influx of Bengali immigrants coming from former Bengali crown vassals, for the economic opportunity was on the rise. The Empire officially began a reform of the economic system looking to bail the economy out of crisis from war debt, and the bullion was geared toward giving the empire a competitive edge in being able to invest millions on a whim in order to drive up investments and production. A new and strict tax system was established, based off the Sharia law, a decision lauded by the largely conservative populace. The monarchy also implemented a new currency system which was to be the well-regulated silver-based Bengali Tanki. Meanwhile, the Bengali military was divided into a Naval Force, Land Force and an Imperial Guard with each having their appointed head, answerable to the Sultan. The Bengali navy experimented its first ironclads and began further development of its new larger classes of steam engine ships, churning out first rate flagships for various fleets, and more third rates, and fourth rates with the occasional second rate to augment the smaller patrol fleets, the fifth and sixth rates began to become more standard as light and medium frigates for singular voyages and patrols among other things. For the land force, a standardized army of roughly 300,000 was raised with soldiers armed with modern rifles and with cannons to be used as an ideal seige equipment. The infantry was also equipped with daggers and swords, although the latter were usually ceremonial. The land forces acted to prevent any foreign incursion into Bengal whilst the Imperial Guard existed to thwart any attempt by revolutionaries to abolish the Sultanate. Given the lack of supply of armaments from Europe, many armament companies were established at local as well as national level which served national interests, as they actively engaged in production of firearms. In agriculture was the largest economic focus of Bengal, selling such goods as rice, wheat, maize, potatoes, indigo, opium, wheat, cannabis and other crops to European merchants as well as Indian. However, jute and muslin, in particular served as the most important exports of Bengal given the general need for such in Europe. The flocking of populations to Bengal coastal cities continued, with a mass increase of population in Visakhapatnam, Calcutta, Bhubaneswar, and various other minor cities and townships throughout the south. Of particular importance was the city of Calcutta which was established as the new capital of Bengal, replacing Pandua. Thus, with the constant inflow of manpower towards the coast, the Sultanate expanded upon its shipbuilding and fishery industry, and actively exploited the riches of the Bay of Bengal as it had been established as a virtual Bengali lake, with little to no opposition faced from Burma or Vijaynagar. Indeed, Bengal served as the principle centres of industry in the world. Along the same time, the Bengali Renaissance was in full swing with movements such as the Young Bengal movement established that espoused rationalism and atheism as the common denominators of civil conduct amongst the educated masses. The monarchy generally co-operated with the upholders of the renaissance, and brought forth social reforms in order to disband various backward practices such as belief in 'Priests' possessing powers which was termed shirk. Along the same time, education and scientific research was promoted amongst the masses, with schools and colleges constructed throughout the Sultanate. International-standard universities were also constructed at Kolkata, Pauda, Gaur and Visakhapatnam in order for Bengal to advance ahead of other Indian states and maintain a particular pace as the world entered into the stage of industrialization. However, it was the Bengali literature that reached its Golden Age with hundreds of poets and scholars sprouting throughout the Sultanate. The Sultanate itself promoted Urdu as well as Bengali, however it was generally the former which entered into its zenith since Urdu was largely used amongst the elites. The positive attitude of the populace towards industrialization aided in promoting it, with a railroad and telephone system established which connected the Sultanate and eased transportation and communication. Along the same time, Bengali influence steadily grew in Jaunpur with extensive co-operation and trade between the two states. [Mil/Eco Turn]
 * ​Bengal - Jaunpur Diplomacy: In light of Jaunpur's aid to Bengal against Deccan, they're offered territorial concessions as a gift. The Bengali Sultan also offers his son in marriage to the Jaunpur Sultan's daughter [Mod Response].
 * Ruthenia: The Ruthenians continue to make infrastructure repairs and upgrades to their new territory. The Tartar architecture of the East continues to influence the Ruthenians.
 * Korea: Korea continues to build up its military. Meanwhile, more Taoist, Neo-Confucian and Buddhist temples are built. Taoism rises in popularity and gains more followers. Regular (read: not Imperial) Shinto gains a few more followers as well, mainly along the coastline in Southeastern Korea, particularly in Busan, Jejudo, Ulsan, and the coastal cities and coastal towns of Southern Gyeongsang Province. Mahayana Tao-Shintoism also continues to grow, and begins gaining followers from the areas where Shinto is growing, with some Shintoists switching to Mahayana Tao-Shintoism. The military in the colony of Haejagang (해자강) continues to be on high alert and continues to heavily patrol the Korean settlements.
 * Morocco: The Kingdom of Morocco continues to improve its economy, infrastructure and build up its military. Morocco continues to westernize the nation and population continues to grow. Today Moroccans celebrates their 15 years of exploration and colonization since start exploring 1835. The nation expands by 10,000 sq km to keep it stronger and be independent, with a few new cities built and roads built between old and new cities. More schools and houses are built and technology improves as well. Industry continues improved to be one of best works in Morocco, mostly new are built in largest populated areas of Morocco.
 * Reme: Reme begins to build up its military and economy. After a long, heated discussion of how Reme would be governed, the tribal representatives (as well as notable Byzantine-Borealians) decide to create a republic, with a basic constitution that would be given basic rights to citizens of Reme. After these discussions, a rich Byzantine-Borealian named Stephanos Shawnee, and becomes the first President of Reme. Shawnee starts to upgrade trade and military services. However seeing Reme, a new nation, vulnerable to foreign attack, starts to encourage militarization of the west, and opens up to military alliances with other nations. Meanwhile, trade is improved on, with industrialization, mainly former Byzantine areas slowly being introduced to populous areas. Lumber, cash crops, and other goods become a major export of Reme, and starts getting Reme a jump-start into the European economy. Shawnee also commands the creation of a couple new navy ships, to help modernize the outdated Remian navy. Reme continues its current expansion into the Michigan peninsula, expanding another 150 pixels into it. Meanwhile, the idea of building coal mines come into mind, especially in the OTL West Virginian area. Coal mining plants are started to be worked on. Reme also starts very slowly changing its focus to industrial things, with a nation wide railroad being considered to be built. Reme incorporates the French territory of Rouenelle as a province of Reme, with Cahokie being designated as a territory of Reme. With this, French is now declared an official language of Reme, with Greek and French made mandatory for children in Reman schools. Construction in the railroad continues, with the two native states being declared war upon to fix the track and to oust from that area. Jayson Chistakos, a politican, gains popularity, and gains influence thorugout the Republic. He eventually wins the election called for by the population and becomes the first Emperor of Reme. Jayson's first action is to immediately start industrializing river areas, and to mass produce textiles to cheaper the price of Reman cotton products. Jayson also demands that the Mexica border be fortified, since the nation poses a threat to the safety of Reme. Jayson also demands that Reme starts militarializing these areas, as well as the border with Arcadia. Reme also sends a diplomat to Byzantium, who wishes for the nation to recognize the sovereignty of Reme and to drop claims to the nation.
 * BoraliaFlag.pngCommonwealth of Borealia: Both the military and economy improve. The continual industrial revolution has led to an increasing birth rate. Recent theories on economics and agriculture have led to the expansion of businesses at an exponential rate, including various forms of manufacturing, mining and printing. Machines using steam power are also popular, as the first factories appear. Some of these businesses are also internationally based, buying and selling to the neighboring colonies of France, Britain, and Scandinavia, as well as the sovereign states of Reme, Arcadia, Aragon, Algonquia and Germany. The most productive of these businesses is the buffalo industry, monopolized by a few companies based in Kristallstadt (OTL Salt Lake City). The professional army and cavalry are continually trained, while the forts on both borders are expanded and new artillery is manufactured. Rifles are now standard equipment across the military. Caravels and frigates fitted with steam engines are constructed while coastal merchant trade expands across the Pacific, particularly in Hawaii. The University of New Vienna continues to produce new intellectuals and engineers. Railroads for steam engines begin to be built to span many cities across the plains. As military and diplomatic support is sent to Reme, the curia also offers to mass manufacture raw materials from them and sell bison products. The Romanesque movement continues to be popular among the younger generation, as small, independent communes appear around central California. A massive amount of gold is struck in California, followed by a second wave in Alaska three months later. By the end of the year, the economy of San Francisco begins to rival that of Kristallstadt, and the immigrant population of Alaska continues to climb. The Romanesque movement frowns upon this, however, and sees it as another means of taking advantage of the Borealian natives. We propose to Algonquia that a second railroad should be built to connect New Vienna to the Sachemate.
 * Tartary: The economy and military of Tartary are developed this year. Farming is the largest industry throughout the nation. The nation continues to develop cities. The population of Tartary continues to become larger. Tartary looks to establish an alliance with Scandinavia. We continue to expand 1000 px northeast. The Emperor position is re-established, and Alexis I becomes the Emperor.
 * Great Perm: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Azov: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bukhara: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bajkal: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Khiva: We build up our military and economy.
 * Kingdom of Parthia: We build up our military and economy.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire is now at a period of peace and prosperity after a long period of war and uncertainty. Roman trade routes stretch across most of the world in the pursuit of wealth and trade goods and Roman military might remains a powerful force in Europe and other parts of the world. The Roman central government does what it can to address all of the issues of the various archonates within the Empire and ensure that their needs are met even as they help instill strength in the central government. Railroads are constructed around the nation to help connect the Empire and its peoples and steamships are used for much the same purpose on water. One of the most important railroads constructed in the Empire is the Trans-Imperial Railway, stretching all the way from Patras in Achaea all the way to Alexandria in Egypt. The Railway is immense and not yet completed, but when it is will provide the people of the Empire a cheaper and safer means of travel to the various regions of the Empire as well as increase commerce and military deployment. Despite this success, the Empire continues to worry about some of its more restive or vulnerable archonates, and makes efforts to help solve that. A fort is constructed in Lutriwita, military garrisons are established in Syria, and a new harbor is constructed in Antillia. Because of the protests, a new political party is formed called the Fascist party, after mobs of protestors walk with fasces in hand. The party soon springs to dominance, obtaining a large portion of the Senate in elections.
 * Lutriwita: The colony was relatively unaffected by the war, and as such life more or less continued on normally, although contact with the Empire was much less often than before. As such, the colony developed a sense of nationalism and independence in very much the same way that the other archonates did during the war. Luckily, the government in Constantinople realizes this and offers them the same representation rights that the archonates are now given in the Imperial Senate. This does much to ease any of the potential political issues at the present time.
 * Italy: Italy begins to recover from the war, and the local military and economy continues to grow and stabilize in the aftermath. The economy is largely built up with help from the central government, as the entire economy is in shambles and the central government is doing its best to help the entire Empire grow and interconnect better through economics.
 * Syria: The former capital region proves to be a considerable issue for the Roman occupation forces, as the region is full of Muslims but also a significant quantity of Christians. Roman forces establish themselves in the city of Antioch, which houses the largest Christian community of Syria, and from there they use military and economic power to heal the land and expand Roman control over taxation, military patrols, and infrastructure rebuilding.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 100 sq km among both colonies into the Galapago Islands called Illes d'Neptune. The colonies continue growing as expected. The colony of Nouvelle Rouen continues to expand inland throughout the land corridor given by Cahokie by 9800 sq km. Mining continues in the colony of Nouvelle Orleans. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The king is outraged, for such freedom given to the Rhenish kingdom so much betrayal! In an act of sheer punishment he declares an all-out war against the rebels and the nobles he dispatches a coalition army of around 400,000 troops (from all around the empire) to quell the uprising. in the now called French Borealia, the displacement of small Spanish settlements begin, offering a free ride for them to return back into Castile, and exchange or sell their possessions in the colonies or swear allegiance to the King. Trinity colony expands by 700 sq km, a local uprising begins in Nouvelle Orleans city (OTL Cartagena de las Indias, Colombia) it soon spreads through the country to Coucut (OTL Cucuta) Sableville (in Falcon Venezuela) and St Joseph d'Bacatte (OTL Bogota) and Basse Nubou (shortened Nouvelle Bourdeaux, OTL Bucaramanga). Demanding the lowering of the taxes in the colony, and the granting of local self ruling, the King considers it, making a promise to do so within the next 30 years, thinking it to be far enough for the promise to be forgotten. The government agrees on giving the Californian state or region self rule recognizing its own right to determine its destiny, however, remaining a territory of the Borealian Domain. The colony of Emeraldia is given free state status with the official name of Etat-livre du Nouvelle Orleans.
 * Kingdom of Rhenanie: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Kingdom of Lower Burgundy: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Sardinia-Corsica: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The Sardinian language has lowered its usage to only 10% of the population of Sardinia (roughly 50,000 people) with the speaking African (43%) and French (38%) or Vandalian (9% African Rhenish German dialect) and with the vast majority being able to speak both African and French (that is more or less 85% of the nation's population). The population is stable at 500,000 people.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The African language has become the de facto leading language surpassing every other (outside of French) being spoken by the 2.3 million people living in the country as either native or second language. Vandalian, however, dominates area of Tripolitania's coast with a population of around 5000 speakers in the region. French is still the main language officially. Trading outposts begin to be made in the border of the country to trade with Tuareg and inland tribes. Sends supplies to the Rhenish War.
 * French Mali: Due to vast piracy campaigns which France and Spain have contributed to has resulted in many pirate coves in the Bissagos Islands, and as a result a larger influx of Frenchmen arrived this year, though they still don't even make up 1% yet. Ports continue to expand appropriately and the region becomes a place worth note on many maps. Roads continue being built to outlying villages and plantations continue being built.
 * Artois: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure and navy are built up. The nation prepares an army for the conflict in Britannia.
 * Free City of Danzig: The military, economy, infrastructure, and navy are built up, Danzig asks for an alliance with the current Prussian and Polish government.
 * Algonquia: Launches huge-scale modernization efforts, focusing on the military, economy and infrastructure. Focus on modernizing the navy and creating an effective ferry service to link the nation together results in the launch of new and more modern ships. Telegraph lines are expanded to Chemiwanit in the far West. All vassals also modernize, although more slowly. Algonquian merchants begin to look for trade opportunities in more far-flung markets, like Hesperia and the Imperial Sea. The High Sachem mollifies the population by assuring them the war will bring great benefits in the future. The military undergoes significant exercises this year, to further its preparation for another conflict. With railroad construction complete, trade and commerce begins to flow more swiftly through the country, increasing per capita wealth. The Council of Sachems becomes increasingly divided into several factions, the Centralist factions, based on the ideas of tribal economists, who argue for increased central control of the economy, a Traditionalist faction, which argues for a return to traditional tribal values, and the Modernization faction, which currently dominates. Algonquia agrees to construct a second railroad branch to Borealia, and begins work this year. The military, including the militias, is mobilized in December for further exercises.
 * Odawa: Odawa improves its military, and focuses on industrialization in emulation of Algonquia. Mackinac prospers, and is treated as the nation's "second city". Odawa joins the nationwide military exercises.
 * Menominee: The newly united states develop military and economy.
 * Hielijan: The economy continues to develop through trade and Beothuk immigrate.
 * In the Grand Union (Pskov), the GDP rises along with average wages. The Inter-Republic Road network is expanded. The Science and technology aspect of Pskov is not overlooked either. As prosperity in the nation increases, the amount of money and new people investing in institutions of higher learning. As such, the various schools that existed in Nizhegorodsk-Na-Narve unite and form the "University of Nizhegorodsk", beginning a rivalry between it and Pskov. The Pskovians want to encourage immigration from Russia, and are somewhat more successful with the Muscovite serfs, who can move around freely with their landlord's consent. This puts much issues with the leadership of Novgorod and Muscovy, who think Pskov is just looking for a fight. The ruble is becoming more and more used and is becoming the unofficial currency of Russia. The idea of currency reform, to reform it to a decimal system is put out, in order to simplify much trade (even though it is already simple enough with multiples of 20). Zlatobrezhie becomes more and more wealthy as more people get used to over 100 years of Pskovian governance. A gunsmith introduces the first revolver, and it quickly becomes popular with both the officer class. A new bullet is invented, conical inside, and with the advent of industry, rifles become the norm for the Guard regiments, and will soon enter service for the regular forces. With Elections occuring this year, the factions are busy campaigning in their constituancies. However none can withstand the unified front put up by the National-Conservative Party, who managed to be the only faction that was able to use last year's protests in any meaningful way. Further scandal erupts in politics as the First Senator's wife, Melissa Gottfried, is revealed to have been having an affair with a local journalist for quite some time (to whom she gave much-needed insider information). This does not look good for the Unionist faction, as the NCP capitalizes on this humiliation. The NCP, having only 71 seats before the election (eight Industrialist, Agrarian or Nationalist members "crossed the floor" last June), enter the new senatorial session with 293 representatives, enough to form a majority mandate. The Unionists suffer the biggest blow, being reduced to 45 seats from 173, with the Industrialists obtaining 61 seats, the Agrarians obtaining 36 seats, and Nationalists four seats, with 60 members sitting as independents. The Leader of the National-Conservative Party, Vladimir Ilych Rasputin, is appointed as the First Senator. Cedrik Gottfried loses his seat in the parliament, and the Unionists fall apart as a coherent faction. One of the first acts of parliament officially allowed parties to from and campaign together, a thing that was only possible through loopholes before. Aparently the NCP did not expect the opposition to unite. They did - oops I guess. After the signing of the bill into law, many former members of the Unionist Faction, after speaking with a few Industrialists and Independents, decide to from the United Liberal Party, taking their name from Economic Liberalism (hopefully this change in name will distract them from Cedrik Gottfried and his little debacle).  At the End of the year, the membership of the Grand Senate is such: the Government formed by the National Conservative Party controls 293 seats. The Official Opposition is held by the United Liberal Party, who control 75 seats. The government is also opposed by the Industrialist Faction, who are loosely represented by 32 seats, the Agrarian Faction, loosely represented by 32 seats and the Nationalist faction, loosely represented by five seats. Sixty-three (63) members sit independently without allegiance.
 * In Aragon the nation continues to prosper as a center of the arts and learning. The construction of new buildings, roads and other infrastructure continues. Aragonese merchants and emissaries continue to sail around the world to expand the reach of Aragon in terms of wealth and diplomatic connections. Aragon also becomes a place where artists and intellectual minds meet and do things. It is cool. Due to the regrowth of the economy, new jobs created in the three major cities lead to more people moving to the cities. Stronger cements are produced, whatever that means, leading to the construction of some taller buildings, especially in the major cities such as Zaragoza and Valencia. A rail link between Zaragoza and Madrid is proposed. With the advent of steam power, factories begin to be built and stuff. Textile mills, cloth factories and other places begin to harness steam power to do more things faster, which creates more jobs that people move to cities to get. Industrialization is gaining speed. The construction of ships and weaponry continues.

1851

 * United German Kingdoms: King Karl heeds Emperor Conrads call for representatives, and sends a delegation comprised of representatives from the four European component Kingdoms of the UGK (Hamburg-Mecklenburg, Hanover, Westphalia, and Prussia), though they as a whole are to represent the realm. Several new screw warships enter service with the Navy, replacing the older paddle wheel designs. New Mecklenburg in OTL Australia expands by 750 px. In SE Asia, diplomats are sent to Laos, Vietnam, and Ayutthaya, offering them Protectorate status. The UGK government hopes that the century plus of building influence and relations in the area, and the larger than ever presence of Hamburgian trading companies, will persuade them to accept. (Mod response please)
 * Vietnam accepts, all others decline.
 * Sultanate of Bengal: Sultan Mahmud Shah I was proclaimed the Sultan of the Sultanate of Bengal on 1810, and he initiated his rule over the Sultanate soon after. The Bengali population rose about 70.1 million, mostly due to the large influx of Bengali immigrants coming from former Bengali crown vassals, for the economic opportunity was on the rise. The Empire officially began a reform of the economic system looking to bail the economy out of crisis from war debt, and the bullion was geared toward giving the empire a competitive edge in being able to invest millions on a whim in order to drive up investments and production. A new and strict tax system was established, based off the Sharia law, a decision lauded by the largely conservative populace. The monarchy also implemented a new currency system which was to be the well-regulated silver-based Bengali Tanki. Meanwhile, the Bengali military was divided into a Naval Force, Land Force and an Imperial Guard with each having their appointed head, answerable to the Sultan. The Bengali navy experimented its first ironclads and began further development of its new larger classes of steam engine ships, churning out first rate flagships for various fleets, and more third rates, and fourth rates with the occasional second rate to augment the smaller patrol fleets, the fifth and sixth rates began to become more standard as light and medium frigates for singular voyages and patrols among other things. For the land force, a standardized army of roughly 300,000 was raised with soldiers armed with modern rifles and with cannons to be used as an ideal seige equipment. The infantry was also equipped with daggers and swords, although the latter were usually ceremonial. The land forces acted to prevent any foreign incursion into Bengal whilst the Imperial Guard existed to thwart any attempt by revolutionaries to abolish the Sultanate. Given the lack of supply of armaments from Europe, many armament companies were established at local as well as national level which served national interests, as they actively engaged in production of firearms. In agriculture was the largest economic focus of Bengal, selling such goods as rice, wheat, maize, potatoes, indigo, opium, wheat, cannabis and other crops to European merchants as well as Indian. However, jute and muslin, in particular served as the most important exports of Bengal given the general need for such in Europe. The flocking of populations to Bengal coastal cities continued, with a mass increase of population in Visakhapatnam, Calcutta, Bhubaneswar, and various other minor cities and townships throughout the south. Of particular importance was the city of Calcutta which was established as the new capital of Bengal, replacing Pandua. Thus, with the constant inflow of manpower towards the coast, the Sultanate expanded upon its shipbuilding and fishery industry, and actively exploited the riches of the Bay of Bengal as it had been established as a virtual Bengali lake, with little to no opposition faced from Burma or Vijaynagar. Indeed, Bengal served as the principle centres of industry in the world. Along the same time, the Bengali Renaissance was in full swing with movements such as the Young Bengal movement established that espoused rationalism and atheism as the common denominators of civil conduct amongst the educated masses. The monarchy generally co-operated with the upholders of the renaissance, and brought forth social reforms in order to disband various backward practices such as belief in 'Priests' possessing powers which was termed shirk. Along the same time, education and scientific research was promoted amongst the masses, with schools and colleges constructed throughout the Sultanate. International-standard universities were also constructed at Kolkata, Pauda, Gaur and Visakhapatnam in order for Bengal to advance ahead of other Indian states and maintain a particular pace as the world entered into the stage of industrialization. However, it was the Bengali literature that reached its Golden Age with hundreds of poets and scholars sprouting throughout the Sultanate. The Sultanate itself promoted Urdu as well as Bengali, however it was generally the former which entered into its zenith since Urdu was largely used amongst the elites. The positive attitude of the populace towards industrialization aided in promoting it, with a railroad and telephone system established which connected the Sultanate and eased transportation and communication. Along the same time, Bengali influence steadily grew in Jaunpur with extensive co-operation and trade between the two states. Deccan is attacked again. [Mil/Eco Turn]
 * ​Bengal - Jaunpur Diplomacy: In light of Jaunpur's aid to Bengal against Deccan, they're offered territorial concessions as a gift. The Bengali Sultan also offers his son in marriage to the Jaunpur Sultan's daughter [Mod Response].
 * Ruthenia: The Ruthenians continue to make infrastructure repairs and upgrades to their new territory. The Tartar architecture of the East continues to influence the Ruthenians.
 * Hamburgian Dip: King Karl III of the United German Kingdoms offers an alliance in exchange for military technology (i.e. steamships).
 * Ruthenian Dip: The Ruthenians agree to the alliance.
 * Korea: Korea continues to build up its military. Meanwhile, more Taoist, Neo-Confucian and Buddhist temples are built. Taoism rises in popularity and gains more followers. Regular (read: not Imperial) Shinto gains a few more followers as well, mainly along the coastline in Southeastern Korea, particularly in Busan, Jejudo, Ulsan, and the coastal cities and coastal towns of Southern Gyeongsang Province. Mahayana Tao-Shintoism also continues to grow, and begins gaining followers from the areas where Shinto is growing, with some Shintoists switching to Mahayana Tao-Shintoism. The military in the colony of Haejagang (해자강) continues to be on high alert and continues to heavily patrol the Korean settlements.
 * Duchy of Oldenburg: Duke Conrad, in his capacity as Holy Roman Emperor, invites delegates to Osnabruck to establish a pan-Holy Roman Empire Parliament. It is hoped that the establishment of an Empire-wide parliament will appease the pan-Germanic nationalists. An Oldenburger Socialist Party is established by some radicals, and it has some small success in this year's Landtag elections. The Catholic Bloc, whilst unsupportive of some of the Socialists' policies (such as their opposition to religion), agrees with their policies on education, fair pay, and help for the poor, which are very similar to the CB's own policies. The two parties set up a working relationship on those issues, and hope to use their combined numbers to get some positive social change in Oldenburg.
 * Morocco: The Kingdom of Morocco continues to improve its economy, infrastructure and build up its military. Morocco continues to westernize the nation and population continues to grow. The nation expands by 10,000 sq km to keep it stronger and be independent, with a few new cities built and roads built between old and new cities. More schools and houses are built and technology improves as well. Industry continues improved to be one of best works in Morocco, mostly new are built in largest populated areas of Morocco.
 * Algonquia: Launches huge-scale modernization efforts, focusing on the military, economy and infrastructure. Focus on modernizing the navy and creating an effective ferry service to link the nation together results in the launch of new and more modern ships. Telegraph lines are expanded to Chemiwanit in the far West. All vassals also modernize, although more slowly. Algonquian merchants begin to look for trade opportunities in more far-flung markets, like Hesperia and the Imperial Sea. The High Sachem mollifies the population by assuring them the war will bring great benefits in the future. The military undergoes significant exercises this year, to further its preparation for another conflict. With railroad construction complete, trade and commerce begins to flow more swiftly through the country, increasing per capita wealth. The Council of Sachems becomes increasingly divided into several factions, the Centralist factions, based on the ideas of tribal economists, who argue for increased central control of the economy, a Traditionalist faction, which argues for a return to traditional tribal values, and the Modernization faction, which currently dominates. The forces mobilized for the military exercises are suddenly redirected to launch a surprise invasion of Arcadia. 50,000 Algonquian troops, supported by Odawan forces, cross the border, and war is declared on Arcadia. The native populations of Arcadia are encouraged to rise up and liberate themselves from the neocolonial oppression of a nation which is founded on the conquest of native lands. Algonquia calls on its ally Reme to join the war.
 * Odawa: Odawa improves its military, and focuses on industrialization in emulation of Algonquia. Mackinac prospers and is treated as the nation's "second city". War is declared on Arcadia,
 * Menominee: The newly united states develop military and economy.
 * Hielijan: The economy continues to develop through trade and Beothuk immigrate.
 * China: Economic and military development continues.
 * BoraliaFlag.pngCommonwealth of Borealia: Both the military and economy improve. The continual industrial revolution has led to an increasing birth rate. Recent theories on economics and agriculture have led to the expansion of businesses at an exponential rate, including various forms of manufacturing, mining and printing. Machines using steam power are also popular, as the first factories appear. Some of these businesses are also internationally based, buying and selling to the neighboring colonies of France, Britain, and Scandinavia, as well as the sovereign states of Reme, Arcadia, Aragon, Algonquia and Germany. The most productive of these businesses is the buffalo industry, monopolized by a few companies based in Kristallstadt (OTL Salt Lake City). The professional army and cavalry are continually trained, while the forts on both borders are expanded and new artillery is manufactured. Rifles are now standard equipment across the military. Caravels and frigates fitted with steam engines are constructed while coastal merchant trade expands across the Pacific, particularly in Hawaii. The University of New Vienna continues to produce new intellectuals and engineers. Railroads for steam engines begin to be built to span many cities across the plains. As military and diplomatic support is sent to Reme, the curia also offers to mass manufacture raw materials from them and sell bison products. The Romanesque movement continues to be popular among the younger generation, as small, independent communes appear around central California. A massive amount of gold is struck in California, followed by a second wave in Alaska three months later. By the end of the year, the economy of San Francisco begins to rival that of Kristallstadt, and the immigrant population of Alaska continues to climb. The Romanesque movement frowns upon this, however, and sees it as another means of taking advantage of the Borealian natives. Construction of the second international railroad continues. We request to purchase the colony of New Bavaria for 1.8 million Reichsthalers, utilizing the gold obtained from California. The commonwealth declares neutrality in the war with Arcadia.
 * Tartary: The economy and military of Tartary are developed this year. Farming is the largest industry throughout the nation. The nation continues to develop cities. The population of Tartary continues to become larger. Tartary looks to establish an alliance with Scandinavia. We continue to expand 1000 px northeast. The Emperor position is re-established, and Alexis I becomes the Emperor.
 * Great Perm: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Azov: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bukhara: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bajkal: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Khiva: We build up our military and economy.
 * Kingdom of Parthia: We build up our military and economy.
 * Reme: Reme begins to build up its military and economy. After a long, heated discussion of how Reme would be governed, the tribal representatives (as well as notable Byzantine-Borealians) decide to create a republic, with a basic constitution that would be given basic rights to citizens of Reme. After these discussions, a rich Byzantine-Borealian named Stephanos Shawnee, and becomes the first President of Reme. Shawnee starts to upgrade trade and military services. However seeing Reme, a new nation, vulnerable to foreign attack, starts to encourage militarization of the west, and opens up to military alliances with other nations. Meanwhile, trade is improved on, with industrialization, mainly former Byzantine areas slowly being introduced to populous areas. Lumber, cash crops, and other goods become a major export of Reme, and starts getting Reme a jump-start into the European economy. Shawnee also commands the creation of a couple new navy ships, to help modernize the outdated Remian navy. Reme continues it's current expansion into the Michigan peninsula, expanding another 150 pixels into it. Meanwhile, the idea of building coal mines come into mind, especially in the OTL West Virginian area. Coal mining plants are started to be worked on. Reme also starts very slowly changing it's focus to industrial things, with a nation wide railroad being considered to be built. Reme incorporates the French territory of Rouenelle as a province of Reme, with Cahokie being designated as a territory of Reme. With this, French is now declared an official language of Reme, with Greek and French made mandatory for children in Reman schools. Construction in the railroad continues, with the two native states being declared war upon to fix the track and to oust from that area. Jayson Chistakos, a politican, gains popularity, and gains influence thorugout the Republic. He eventually wins the election called for by the population and becomes the first Emperor of Reme. Jayson's first action is to immediately start industrializing river areas, and to mass produce textiles to cheaper the price of Reman cotton products. Jayson also demands that the Mexica border be fortified, since the nation poses a threat to the safety of Reme. Jayson also demands that Reme starts militarializing these areas, as well as the border with Arcadia. Reme also sends a diplomat to Byzantium, who wishes for the nation to recognize the soviernty of Reme and to drop claims to the nation. Reme, along with Algonquia, declares war on Arcadia and invades on another front.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire is now at a period of peace and prosperity after a long period of war and uncertainty. Roman trade routes stretch across most of the world in the pursuit of wealth and trade goods and Roman military might remains a powerful force in Europe and other parts of the world. The Roman central government does what it can to address all of the issues of the various archonates within the Empire and ensure that their needs are met even as they help instill strength in the central government. Railroads are constructed around the nation to help connect the Empire and its peoples and steamships are used for much the same purpose on water. One of the most important railroads constructed in the Empire is the Trans-Imperial Railway, stretching all the way from Patras in Achaea all the way to Alexandria in Egypt. The Railway is immense and not yet completed, but when it is will provide the people of the Empire a cheaper and safer means of travel to the various regions of the Empire as well as increase commerce and military deployment. Despite this success, the Empire continues to worry about some of its more restive or vulnerable archonates, and makes efforts to help solve that. A fort is constructed in Lutriwita, military garrisons are established in Syria, and a new harbor is constructed in Antillia. Because of the protests, a new political party is formed called the Fascist party, after mobs of protestors walk with fasces in hand. The party soon springs to dominance, obtaining a large portion of the Senate in elections.
 * Lutriwita: The colony was relatively unaffected by the war, and as such life more or less continued on normally, although contact with the Empire was much less often than before. As such, the colony developed a sense of nationalism and independence in very much the same way that the other archonates did during the war. Luckily, the government in Constantinople realizes this and offers them the same representation rights that the archonates are now given in the Imperial Senate. This does much to ease any of the potential political issues at the present time.
 * Italy: Italy begins to recover from the war, and the local military and economy continues to grow and stabilize in the aftermath. The economy is largely built up with help from the central government, as the entire economy is in shambles and the central government is doing its best to help the entire Empire grow and interconnect better through economics.
 * Syria: The former capital region proves to be a considerable issue for the Roman occupation forces, as the region is full of Muslims but also a significant quantity of Christians. Roman forces establish themselves in the city of Antioch, which houses the largest Christian community of Syria, and from there they use military and economic power to heal the land and expand Roman control over taxation, military patrols, and infrastructure rebuilding.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 100 sq km among both colonies into the Galapago Islands called Illes d'Neptune. The colonies continue growing as expected. The colony of Nouvelle Rouen continues to expand inland throughout the land corridor given by Cahokie by 9800 sq km. Mining continues in the colony of Nouvelle Orleans. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The king is outraged, for such freedom given to the Rhenish kingdom so much betrayal! In an act of sheer punishment he declares an all-out war against the rebels and the nobles he dispatches a coalition army of around 400,000 troops (from all around the empire) to quell the uprising. in the now called French Borealia, the displacement of small Spanish settlements begin, offering a free ride for them to return back into Castile, and exchange or sell their possessions in the colonies or swear allegiance to the King. Trinity colony expands by 700 sq km, a local uprising begins in Nouvelle Orleans city (OTL Cartagena de las Indias, Colombia) it soon spreads through the country to Coucut (OTL Cucuta) Sableville (in Falcon Venezuela) and St Joseph d'Bacatte (OTL Bogota) and Basse Nubou (shortened Nouvelle Bourdeaux, OTL Bucaramanga). Demanding the lowering of the taxes in the colony, and the granting of local self ruling, the King considers it, making a promise to do so within the next 30 years, thinking it to be far enough for the promise to be forgotten. The government agrees on giving the Californian state or region self rule recognizing its own right to determine its destiny, however, remaining a territory of the Borealian Domain. The colony of Emeraldia is given free state status with the official name of Etat-livre du Nouvelle Orleans.
 * Kingdom of Rhenanie: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Kingdom of Lower Burgundy: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Sardinia-Corsica: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The Sardinian language has lowered its usage to only 10% of the population of Sardinia (roughly 50,000 people) with the speaking African (43%) and French (38%) or Vandalian (9% African Rhenish German dialect) and with the vast majority being able to speak both African and French (that is more or less 85% of the nation's population). The population is stable at 500,000 people.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The African language has become the de facto leading language surpassing every other (outside of French) being spoken by the 2.3 million people living in the country as either native or second language. Vandalian, however, dominates area of Tripolitania's coast with a population of around 5000 speakers in the region. French is still the main language officially. Trading outposts begin to be made in the border of the country to trade with Tuareg and inland tribes. Sends supplies to the Rhenish War.
 * French Mali: Due to vast piracy campaigns which France and Spain have contributed to has resulted in many pirate coves in the Bissagos Islands, and as a result a larger influx of Frenchmen arrived this year, though they still don't even make up 1% yet. Ports continue to expand appropriately and the region becomes a place worth note on many maps. Roads continue being built to outlying villages and plantations continue being built.
 * Artois: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure and navy are built up. The nation prepares an army for the conflict in Britannia.
 * Free City of Danzig: The military, economy, infrastructure, and navy are built up, Danzig asks for an alliance with the current Prussian and Polish government.
 * In the Grand Union (Pskov), the GDP rises along with average wages. The Inter-Republic Road network is expanded. The Science and technology aspect of Pskov is not overlooked either. As prosperity in the nation increases, the amount of money and new people investing in institutions of higher learning. As such, the various schools that existed in Nizhegorodsk-Na-Narve unite and form the "University of Nizhegorodsk", beginning a rivalry between it and Pskov. The Pskovians want to encourage immigration from Russia, and are somewhat more successful with the Muscovite serfs, who can move around freely with their landlord's consent. This puts much issues with the leadership of Novgorod and Muscovy, who think Pskov is just looking for a fight. The ruble is becoming more and more used and is becoming the unofficial currency of Russia. The idea of currency reform, to reform it to a decimal system is put out, in order to simplify much trade (even though it is already simple enough with multiples of 20). Zlatobrezhie becomes more and more wealthy as more people get used to over 100 years of Pskovian governance. A gunsmith introduces the first revolver, and it quickly becomes popular with both the officer class. A new bullet is invented, conical inside, and with the advent of industry, rifles become the norm for the Guard regiments, and will soon enter service for the regular forces. With Elections occuring this year, the factions are busy campaigning in their constituancies. However none can withstand the unified front put up by the National-Conservative Party, who managed to be the only faction that was able to use last year's protests in any meaningful way. Further scandal erupts in politics as the First Senator's wife, Melissa Gottfried, is revealed to have been having an affair with a local journalist for quite some time (to whom she gave much-needed insider information). This does not look good for the Unionist faction, as the NCP capitalizes on this humiliation. The NCP, having only 71 seats before the election (eight Industrialist, Agrarian or Nationalist members "crossed the floor" last June), enter the new senatorial session with 293 representatives, enough to form a majority mandate. The Unionists suffer the biggest blow, being reduced to 45 seats from 173, with the Industrialists obtaining 61 seats, the Agrarians obtaining 36 seats, and Nationalists four seats, with 60 members sitting as independents. The Leader of the National-Conservative Party, Vladimir Ilych Rasputin, is appointed as the First Senator. Cedrik Gottfried loses his seat in the parliament, and the Unionists fall apart as a coherent faction. One of the first acts of parliament officially allowed parties to from and campaign together, a thing that was only possible through loopholes before. Aparently the NCP did not expect the opposition to unite. They did - oops I guess. After the signing of the bill into law, many former members of the Unionist Faction, after speaking with a few Industrialists and Independents, decide to from the United Liberal Party, taking their name from Economic Liberalism (hopefully this change in name will distract them from Cedrik Gottfried and his little debacle).  At the End of the year, the membership of the Grand Senate is such: the Government formed by the National Conservative Party controls 293 seats. The Official Opposition is held by the United Liberal Party, who control 75 seats. The government is also opposed by the Industrialist Faction, who are loosely represented by 32 seats, the Agrarian Faction, loosely represented by 32 seats and the Nationalist faction, loosely represented by five seats. Sixty-three (63) members sit independently without allegiance.

1852

 * United German Kingdoms: The government moves to secure the new protectorate of Vietnam after their acceptance of protectorate. Meanwhile, a series of new railroad projects is approved, and modern, faster locomotives enter service in the already existing lines. Several private railroad companies, including Wesphalia-Demmin and Kiel & Northern, also open, the first competition to the government owned United Lines. New Mecklenburg in OTL Australia expands by 750 px


 * Sultanate of Bengal: Sultan Mahmud Shah I was proclaimed the Sultan of the Sultanate of Bengal on 1810, and he initiated his rule over the Sultanate soon after. The Bengali population rose about 73.4 million, mostly due to the large influx of Bengali immigrants coming from former Bengali crown vassals, for the economic opportunity was on the rise. The Empire officially began a reform of the economic system looking to bail the economy out of crisis from war debt, and the bullion was geared toward giving the empire a competitive edge in being able to invest millions on a whim in order to drive up investments and production. A new and strict tax system was established, based off the Sharia law, a decision lauded by the largely conservative populace. The monarchy also implemented a new currency system which was to be the well-regulated silver-based Bengali Tanki. Meanwhile, the Bengali military was divided into a Naval Force, Land Force and an Imperial Guard with each having their appointed head, answerable to the Sultan. The Bengali navy experimented its first ironclads and began further development of its new larger classes of steam engine ships, churning out first rate flagships for various fleets, and more third rates, and fourth rates with the occasional second rate to augment the smaller patrol fleets, the fifth and sixth rates began to become more standard as light and medium frigates for singular voyages and patrols among other things. For the land force, a standardized army of roughly 300,000 was raised with soldiers armed with modern rifles and with cannons to be used as an ideal seige equipment. The infantry was also equipped with daggers and swords, although the latter were usually ceremonial. The land forces acted to prevent any foreign incursion into Bengal whilst the Imperial Guard existed to thwart any attempt by revolutionaries to abolish the Sultanate. Given the lack of supply of armaments from Europe, many armament companies were established at local as well as national level which served national interests, as they actively engaged in production of firearms. In agriculture was the largest economic focus of Bengal, selling such goods as rice, wheat, maize, potatoes, indigo, opium, wheat, cannabis and other crops to European merchants as well as Indian. However, jute and muslin, in particular served as the most important exports of Bengal given the general need for such in Europe. The flocking of populations to Bengal coastal cities continued, with a mass increase of population in Visakhapatnam, Calcutta, Bhubaneswar, and various other minor cities and townships throughout the south. Of particular importance was the city of Calcutta which was established as the new capital of Bengal, replacing Pandua. Thus, with the constant inflow of manpower towards the coast, the Sultanate expanded upon its shipbuilding and fishery industry, and actively exploited the riches of the Bay of Bengal as it had been established as a virtual Bengali lake, with little to no opposition faced from Burma or Vijaynagar. Indeed, Bengal served as the principle centres of industry in the world. Along the same time, the Bengali Renaissance was in full swing with movements such as the Young Bengal movement established that espoused rationalism and atheism as the common denominators of civil conduct amongst the educated masses. The monarchy generally co-operated with the upholders of the renaissance, and brought forth social reforms in order to disband various backward practices such as belief in 'Priests' possessing powers which was termed shirk. Along the same time, education and scientific research was promoted amongst the masses, with schools and colleges constructed throughout the Sultanate. International-standard universities were also constructed at Kolkata, Pauda, Gaur and Visakhapatnam in order for Bengal to advance ahead of other Indian states and maintain a particular pace as the world entered into the stage of industrialization. However, it was the Bengali literature that reached its Golden Age with hundreds of poets and scholars sprouting throughout the Sultanate. The Sultanate itself promoted Urdu as well as Bengali, however it was generally the former which entered into its zenith since Urdu was largely used amongst the elites. The positive attitude of the populace towards industrialization aided in promoting it, with a railroad and telephone system established which connected the Sultanate and eased transportation and communication. Along the same time, Bengali influence steadily grew in Jaunpur with extensive co-operation and trade between the two states. [Mil/Eco Turn]
 * Wilayet of Bahamani: Prince Imran Ashraf Shah married the daughter of Ibrahim Adil Shah, establishing a dynastic union between Bahamani and Bengal. Under their rule, construction for a new capital at Hyderabad was initiated. The Bengali Tanki was also imposed upon Bahamani as the new currency, and the trans-railroad system established in Bengal was extended into Bahamani. The Bahamani military was modernized, standing at roughly 80,000 and a major port and naval base was constructed at Mahmudpur, the latter which would act to maintain Bengali presence in the Arabian Sea. In the economic sector, rice played the role as a major food crop to be exported. However, other important crops such as cotton, sugar cane, mango and tobacco maintained a major presence in Bahamanis exports as well. Along the same time, the Bahamani textile industry reached new heights.
 * ​Bengal - Jaunpur Diplomacy: In light of Jaunpur's aid to Bengal against Deccan, they're offered territorial concessions as a gift. The Bengali Sultan also offers his son in marriage to the Jaunpur Sultan's daughter [Mod Response].
 * Korea: Korea continues to build up its military. Meanwhile, more Taoist, Neo-Confucian and Buddhist temples are built. Taoism rises in popularity and gains more followers. Regular (read: not Imperial) Shinto gains a few more followers as well, mainly along the coastline in Southeastern Korea, particularly in Busan, Jejudo, Ulsan, and the coastal cities and coastal towns of Southern Gyeongsang Province. Mahayana Tao-Shintoism also continues to grow, and begins gaining followers from the areas where Shinto is growing, with some Shintoists switching to Mahayana Tao-Shintoism. The military in the colony of Haejagang (해자강) continues to be on high alert and continues to heavily patrol the Korean settlements.
 * The Caliphate drastically develops military and the economy of the nation. We begin to construct the nation to its previous extent and glory. In addition to this endeavour, we start to garrison more men on our eastern borders, in addition to our border with the Roman Empire. Also, we try to influence the Persian Gulf trade to our control, in opposition to the Persia. We improve Mecca every year, donating a significant part of our treasury to the Holy City. As our steady population increases, so does our economy. A significant number of ships are built for our fleet. As we also begin to modernize our army, we improve the many cities of the Caliphate, specifically in Yemen and Iraq. We continue the war against Persia.
 * BoraliaFlag.pngCommonwealth of Borealia: Both the military and economy improve. The continual industrial revolution has led to an increasing birth rate. Recent theories on economics and agriculture have led to the expansion of businesses at an exponential rate, including various forms of manufacturing, mining and printing. Machines using steam power are also popular, as the first factories appear. Some of these businesses are also internationally based, buying and selling to the neighboring colonies of France, Britain, and Scandinavia, as well as the sovereign states of Reme, Arcadia, Aragon, Algonquia and Germany. The most productive of these businesses is the buffalo industry, monopolized by a few companies based in Kristallstadt (OTL Salt Lake City). The professional army and cavalry are continually trained, while the forts on both borders are expanded and new artillery is manufactured. Rifles are now standard equipment across the military. Caravels and frigates fitted with steam engines are constructed while coastal merchant trade expands across the Pacific, particularly in Hawaii. The University of New Vienna continues to produce new intellectuals and engineers. Railroads for steam engines begin to be built to span many cities across the plains. As military and diplomatic support is sent to Reme, the curia also offers to mass manufacture raw materials from them and sell bison products. The Romanesque movement continues to be popular among the younger generation, as small, independent communes appear around central California. A massive amount of gold is struck in California, followed by a second wave in Alaska three months later. By the end of the year, the economy of San Francisco begins to rival that of Kristallstadt, and the immigrant population of Alaska continues to climb. The Romanesque movement frowns upon this, however, and sees it as another means of taking advantage of the Borealian natives. Construction of the second international railroad continues. We request to purchase the colony of New Bavaria for 1.8 million Reichsthalers, utilizing the gold obtained from California. The commonwealth declares neutrality in the war with Arcadia.


 * Andea: The Nationals take power in the Congress of Buenos Noches this year. Population stands at 25 million. Kurillianka takes the throne in both Andea and Voryloyclayr. Buenos Noches continues to grow, with a population of 65,000. Cuzco remains the largest city, with a population of 190,000. Military stands at 200,000 active men, and another 200,000 in reserve. The nation builds up its navy, expanding the amount of Warships and Ships of the Line as well as creating new Ship Yards. The nation continues to expand its industry and steam power. Cuzco remains the most industrial city in the nation, with most of the conetnients industrial goods coming from there. Buenos Noches sees the expansion of its industry as well. The new Federales Government passes the Limitation Doctrine, which gives them the power to declare war should a potential threat be perceived by the Andean Government or her sphere of influence. We also continue our support for the Osean Dictatorship. The Nationals continue to pursue the idea of a united Andea, continuing to expand their theories throughout the continent. The Novel  A World of Difference,  is published by a National Author. The Novel depicts a world in which Andea is divided, leading to another era of colonialism in Hesperia. Plans to construct a railroad from Cuzco to Buenos Dias begins, though the effort would involve massive clearing of the forest and jungle. The project is expected to take 50 years. Other railroads and highways are constructed in all nations, though.
 * Andean Overseas Territories: The Falkland Islands, under direct control of the Andean Military, prove to be a strategic location in protecting Vorlayacor's coast line. A military force of 15,000 is stationed on the islands.
 * Kingdom of Apeac: Military, economy and navy improve. Population stands at 200,000, as Andean settlers come in, seeking more land then they can get in their homeland. 4000 militiamen remain activated in the territory. 20,000 Andean military men remain active in the territory. Andean Settlers meet resistance from Mataco raiders, who attack settlements on the frontier.
 * Vorlayacor: Military, economy and navy improve. The nation sees a massive expansion of its infrastructure, with the Royal family owning much of the nation's infrastructure. Population stands at seven million. Military stands at 25,000 active men, with another 20,000 in reserve. Andean Military bases have 35,000 men stationed.The Nation joins the Second Hesperian League.
 * Osean Dictatorship: Known offically as the Federation of Osea, the Dictatorship is run by charsimatic politician, Phillip Cortez. Cortez dedicates the nation towards reuniting Osea. Every town secured by Coalition forces is annexed into the nation. Possible revolutionaries are tried, many executed. In a speech, Cortez justifies this by asking the Oseans under his wing "They seek to butcher our nation, to fracture and distort our culture. We have already endured so much, it is time to stop being the cattle, and become the Butcher ourselves." . The nation joins the Second Hesperian League. Despite the President's speech, the battle lines begin to stall. The Nation continues to claim all of Osea.
 * Ruthenia: The Ruthenians continue to make infrastructure repairs and upgrades to their new territory. The Tartar architecture of the East continues to influence the Ruthenians.
 * Morocco: The Kingdom of Morocco continues to improve its economy, infrastructure and build up its military. Morocco continues to westernize the nation and population continues to grow. The nation expands by 10,000 sq km to keep it stronger and be independent, with a few new cities built and roads built between old and new cities. More schools and houses are built and technology improves as well. Industry continues improved to be one of best works in Morocco, mostly new are built in largest populated areas of Morocco.
 * Tartary: The economy and military of Tartary are developed this year. Farming is the largest industry throughout the nation. The nation continues to develop cities. The population of Tartary continues to become larger. Tartary looks to establish an alliance with Scandinavia. We continue to expand 1000 px northeast. The Emperor position is re-established, and Alexis I becomes the Emperor.
 * Great Perm: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Azov: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bukhara: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bajkal: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Khiva: We build up our military and economy.
 * Kingdom of Parthia: We build up our military and economy.
 * Reme: Reme begins to build up its military and economy. After a long, heated discussion of how Reme would be governed, the tribal representatives (as well as notable Byzantine-Borealians) decide to create a republic, with a basic constitution that would be given basic rights to citizens of Reme. After these discussions, a rich Byzantine-Borealian named Stephanos Shawnee, and becomes the first President of Reme. Shawnee starts to upgrade trade and military services. However seeing Reme, a new nation, vulnerable to foreign attack, starts to encourage militarization of the west, and opens up to military alliances with other nations. Meanwhile, trade is improved on, with industrialization, mainly former Byzantine areas slowly being introduced to populous areas. Lumber, cash crops, and other goods become a major export of Reme, and starts getting Reme a jump-start into the European economy. Shawnee also commands the creation of a couple new navy ships, to help modernize the outdated Remian navy. Reme continues it's current expansion into the Michigan peninsula, expanding another 150 pixels into it. Meanwhile, the idea of building coal mines come into mind, especially in the OTL West Virginian area. Coal mining plants are started to be worked on. Reme also starts very slowly changing it's focus to industrial things, with a nation wide railroad being considered to be built. Reme incorporates the French territory of Rouenelle as a province of Reme, with Cahokie being designated as a territory of Reme. With this, French is now declared an official language of Reme, with Greek and French made mandatory for children in Reman schools. Construction in the railroad continues, with the two native states being declared war upon to fix the track and to oust from that area. Jayson Chistakos, a politican, gains popularity, and gains influence thorugout the Republic. He eventually wins the election called for by the population and becomes the first Emperor of Reme. Jayson's first action is to immediately start industrializing river areas, and to mass produce textiles to cheaper the price of Reman cotton products. Jayson also demands that the Mexica border be fortified, since the nation poses a threat to the safety of Reme. Jayson also demands that Reme starts militarializing these areas, as well as the border with Arcadia. Reme also sends a diplomat to Byzantium, who wishes for the nation to recognize the soviernty of Reme and to drop claims to the nation. Reme, along with Algonquia, declares war on Arcadia and invades on another front.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire is now at a period of peace and prosperity after a long period of war and uncertainty. Roman trade routes stretch across most of the world in the pursuit of wealth and trade goods and Roman military might remains a powerful force in Europe and other parts of the world. The Roman central government does what it can to address all of the issues of the various archonates within the Empire and ensure that their needs are met even as they help instill strength in the central government. Railroads are constructed around the nation to help connect the Empire and its peoples and steamships are used for much the same purpose on water. One of the most important railroads constructed in the Empire is the Trans-Imperial Railway, stretching all the way from Patras in Achaea all the way to Alexandria in Egypt. The Railway is immense and not yet completed, but when it is will provide the people of the Empire a cheaper and safer means of travel to the various regions of the Empire as well as increase commerce and military deployment. Despite this success, the Empire continues to worry about some of its more restive or vulnerable archonates, and makes efforts to help solve that. A fort is constructed in Lutriwita, military garrisons are established in Syria, and a new harbor is constructed in Antillia. Because of the protests, a new political party is formed called the Fascist party, after mobs of protestors walk with fasces in hand. The party soon springs to dominance, obtaining a large portion of the Senate in elections.
 * Lutriwita: The colony was relatively unaffected by the war, and as such life more or less continued on normally, although contact with the Empire was much less often than before. As such, the colony developed a sense of nationalism and independence in very much the same way that the other archonates did during the war. Luckily, the government in Constantinople realizes this and offers them the same representation rights that the archonates are now given in the Imperial Senate. This does much to ease any of the potential political issues at the present time.
 * Italy: Italy begins to recover from the war, and the local military and economy continues to grow and stabilize in the aftermath. The economy is largely built up with help from the central government, as the entire economy is in shambles and the central government is doing its best to help the entire Empire grow and interconnect better through economics.
 * Syria: The former capital region proves to be a considerable issue for the Roman occupation forces, as the region is full of Muslims but also a significant quantity of Christians. Roman forces establish themselves in the city of Antioch, which houses the largest Christian community of Syria, and from there they use military and economic power to heal the land and expand Roman control over taxation, military patrols, and infrastructure rebuilding.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 100 sq km among both colonies into the Galapago Islands called Illes d'Neptune. The colonies continue growing as expected. The colony of Nouvelle Rouen continues to expand inland throughout the land corridor given by Cahokie by 9800 sq km. Mining continues in the colony of Nouvelle Orleans. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The king is outraged, for such freedom given to the Rhenish kingdom so much betrayal! In an act of sheer punishment he declares an all-out war against the rebels and the nobles he dispatches a coalition army of around 400,000 troops (from all around the empire) to quell the uprising. in the now called French Borealia, the displacement of small Spanish settlements begin, offering a free ride for them to return back into Castile, and exchange or sell their possessions in the colonies or swear allegiance to the King. Trinity colony expands by 700 sq km, a local uprising begins in Nouvelle Orleans city (OTL Cartagena de las Indias, Colombia) it soon spreads through the country to Coucut (OTL Cucuta) Sableville (in Falcon Venezuela) and St Joseph d'Bacatte (OTL Bogota) and Basse Nubou (shortened Nouvelle Bourdeaux, OTL Bucaramanga). Demanding the lowering of the taxes in the colony, and the granting of local self ruling, the King considers it, making a promise to do so within the next 30 years, thinking it to be far enough for the promise to be forgotten. The government agrees on giving the Californian state or region self rule recognizing its own right to determine its destiny, however, remaining a territory of the Borealian Domain. The colony of Emeraldia is given free state status with the official name of Etat-livre du Nouvelle Orleans.
 * Kingdom of Rhenanie: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Kingdom of Lower Burgundy: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Sardinia-Corsica: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The Sardinian language has lowered its usage to only 10% of the population of Sardinia (roughly 50,000 people) with the speaking African (43%) and French (38%) or Vandalian (9% African Rhenish German dialect) and with the vast majority being able to speak both African and French (that is more or less 85% of the nation's population). The population is stable at 500,000 people.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The African language has become the de facto leading language surpassing every other (outside of French) being spoken by the 2.3 million people living in the country as either native or second language. Vandalian, however, dominates area of Tripolitania's coast with a population of around 5000 speakers in the region. French is still the main language officially. Trading outposts begin to be made in the border of the country to trade with Tuareg and inland tribes. Sends supplies to the Rhenish War.
 * French Mali: Due to vast piracy campaigns which France and Spain have contributed to has resulted in many pirate coves in the Bissagos Islands, and as a result a larger influx of Frenchmen arrived this year, though they still don't even make up 1% yet. Ports continue to expand appropriately and the region becomes a place worth note on many maps. Roads continue being built to outlying villages and plantations continue being built.
 * Artois: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure and navy are built up. The nation prepares an army for the conflict in Britannia.
 * Free City of Danzig: The military, economy, infrastructure, and navy are built up, Danzig asks for an alliance with the current Prussian and Polish government.
 * Nordic Union: The economy and military of Scandinavia and Britannia improves this year. Import/export businesses in Denmark, Sweden and Norway bring in a considerable amount of income. Urbanization in London leads to rapid industrialization of southern Britannia. This also happens in Copenhagen and Oslo. While Oslo celebrates the explosion of population, Copenhagen starts seeing overcrowding issues. Incentives to resettle in Finnish and Icelandic areas are enacted. Scandinavia and Britannia's chief exports include iron, wood, and other construction materiel, a commodity that is vastly growing in necessity as urbanization increases throughout Europe. Militaries in Europe purchase Nordic iron for ships and weapons. The Scandinavian colonies are a source of even more lumber. The British colonies, in the meantime, provide bountiful food for the Nordic Union. Resources such as pelts bring in massive amounts of profit for Scandinavia, both due to intranational trading and international trading. Scandinavia exports resources such as textiles, dyes and foodstuffs from its trading partners. Interest in coffee plants rises among nobles as the drink becomes more popular among the population of Scandinvia, especially in the upper class and in the aristocracy. Though the bean is expensive to Scandinavia, coffee sales spike. Indonesian powers are offered exclusive trade deals for coffee in exchange for discounted, high-quality wood and iron. Scandinavia retains its alliances with Pskov, the Roman Empire, and many other nations. These alliances are celebrated in the Scandinavian and British courts. The ports in Iceland and London are expanded to accommodate more ships. Education in Scandinavia continues to improve. The literacy rate is steadily increasing as public schools are built throughout the nation. The population of Scandinavia continues to explode as well. Urbanization, more food supplies, better census data, and other factors are all leading to a spike in population. Scandinavia's population is expected to reach twenty million by 1830. While this increase in population does come with benefits, it has its drawbacks as well. In political news, the House of Scandinavia-Britannia continues to remain in charge of Scandinavia. The Riksdag is dominated by this royal house. Scandinavia wishes to become closer to the Dutch. Centuries ago, the Northern Trading Pact had solidified British, Scandinavian and Dutch relations alike. In the meantime, Scandinavia continues vassalizing |onte (or whatever big bubble is right above it). Socialist and Republican sentiment grows in Scandinavia, especially in Finland.
 * Durbin: The colony of Durbin expands along the western coast of Australia from the former settlement that crashed there so long ago. With contact and resources flowing in from Scandinavia-Britannia, a minor boom is witnessed (colony expands 1000 sq km south along western coast).
 * Eire: The Irish continue to expand their navy and army, even more so due to the strains in Europe.
 * Ghana: More troops are raised from locals. Military and infrastructure are expanded. Most locals now see themselves as loyal British citizens and now fully vote and represent the colonies, Ghana becomes the first Brittannic colony to invoke near self rule, with little regulation from the homeland due to the mutual respect from the others. Any separatist movements are largely ignored.
 * Helluland: The military and economy are improved. Helluland expands by 10,000 sq km this year. Helluland is responsible for the production of furs in the Scandinavian Empire, generating much profit for the colony.
 * Hondeklip: The military of this African colony expands. In the meantime, Hondeklip expands by 1000 sq km.
 * Iceland: The military and economy are improved. Iceland is an important port for northern Europeans. Due to the large amounts of trade flowing into Icelandic ports, the population of Iceland increases. Iceland begins to expand its outpost on Greenland by 20,000 sq km this year. The iron mines in Iceland lead to several entrepreneurs flocking to Iceland in the interest of expanding their personal fortunes.
 * Karelia: The military and economy expand. Karelia has been in the Scandinavian realm for centuries now. It is the location of many important fortresses, namely Castle Vyborg. Karelia is a massive source of iron for Scandinavia. Trade with Russia and Pskov flows through Karelia during the summer months.
 * New Zealand: The military and economy expand.
 * Port Edmundburg: Expands by 1000 sq km south and east down the coast. The African colonists begin looking toward mining and other ventures to generate profit. A new newspaper, the first in a colony, is founded, called the Edmundburg Report. The slave trade begins to boom as exploitation of local minerals reaches a high amount. Slaves are sent to the New World to help boost production.
 * Schleswig: The military and economy are expanded. Schleswig has been a vassal of the Scandinavian Empire for quite some time. All land routes into Scandinavia go through this vassal, meaning Schleswig is one of Scandinavia's wealthiest vassals.
 * Scotland: Expands navy and military. The Edinburgh Stock Exchange continues to do well. The Emperor visits Glasgow for the wedding of noblewoman Cassandra De' Levae, wife of the Duke of Westminster in a surprise visit keen on proving that he is open to reconciliation with the House of Hamburg.
 * In Aragon the nation continues to prosper as a center of the arts and learning. The construction of new buildings, roads and other infrastructure continues. Aragonese merchants and emissaries continue to sail around the world to expand the reach of Aragon in terms of wealth and diplomatic connections. Aragon also becomes a place where artists and intellectual minds meet and do things. It is cool. Due to the regrowth of the economy, new jobs created in the three major cities lead to more people moving to the cities. Stronger cements are produced, whatever that means, leading to the construction of some taller buildings, especially in the major cities such as Zaragoza and Valencia. A rail link between Zaragoza and Madrid is proposed. With the advent of steam power, factories begin to be built and stuff. Textile mills, cloth factories and other places begin to harness steam power to do more things faster, which creates more jobs that people move to cities to get. Industrialization is gaining speed. The construction of ships and weaponry continues.
 * In the Grand Union (Pskov), the GDP rises along with average wages. The Inter-Republic Road network is expanded. The Science and technology aspect of Pskov is not overlooked either. As prosperity in the nation increases, the amount of money and new people investing in institutions of higher learning. As such, the various schools that existed in Nizhegorodsk-Na-Narve unite and form the "University of Nizhegorodsk", beginning a rivalry between it and Pskov. The Pskovians want to encourage immigration from Russia, and are somewhat more successful with the Muscovite serfs, who can move around freely with their landlord's consent. This puts much issues with the leadership of Novgorod and Muscovy, who think Pskov is just looking for a fight. The ruble is becoming more and more used and is becoming the unofficial currency of Russia. The idea of currency reform, to reform it to a decimal system is put out, in order to simplify much trade (even though it is already simple enough with multiples of 20). Zlatobrezhie becomes more and more wealthy as more people get used to over 100 years of Pskovian governance. A gunsmith introduces the first revolver, and it quickly becomes popular with both the officer class. A new bullet is invented, conical inside, and with the advent of industry, rifles become the norm for the Guard regiments, and will soon enter service for the regular forces. With Elections occuring this year, the factions are busy campaigning in their constituancies. However none can withstand the unified front put up by the National-Conservative Party, who managed to be the only faction that was able to use last year's protests in any meaningful way. Further scandal erupts in politics as the First Senator's wife, Melissa Gottfried, is revealed to have been having an affair with a local journalist for quite some time (to whom she gave much-needed insider information). This does not look good for the Unionist faction, as the NCP capitalizes on this humiliation. The NCP, having only 71 seats before the election (eight Industrialist, Agrarian or Nationalist members "crossed the floor" last June), enter the new senatorial session with 293 representatives, enough to form a majority mandate. The Unionists suffer the biggest blow, being reduced to 45 seats from 173, with the Industrialists obtaining 61 seats, the Agrarians obtaining 36 seats, and Nationalists four seats, with 60 members sitting as independents. The Leader of the National-Conservative Party, Vladimir Ilych Rasputin, is appointed as the First Senator. Cedrik Gottfried loses his seat in the parliament, and the Unionists fall apart as a coherent faction. One of the first acts of parliament officially allowed parties to from and campaign together, a thing that was only possible through loopholes before. Aparently the NCP did not expect the opposition to unite. They did - oops I guess. After the signing of the bill into law, many former members of the Unionist Faction, after speaking with a few Industrialists and Independents, decide to from the United Liberal Party, taking their name from Economic Liberalism (hopefully this change in name will distract them from Cedrik Gottfried and his little debacle).  At the End of the year, the membership of the Grand Senate is such: the Government formed by the National Conservative Party controls 293 seats. The Official Opposition is held by the United Liberal Party, who control 75 seats. The government is also opposed by the Industrialist Faction, who are loosely represented by 32 seats, the Agrarian Faction, loosely represented by 32 seats and the Nationalist faction, loosely represented by five seats. Sixty-three (63) members sit independently without allegiance.

1853
'''Nobody had started it new turn so yeah ~ Rimp. '''
 * Reme: Reme begins to build up its military and economy. After a long, heated discussion of how Reme would be governed, the tribal representatives (as well as notable Byzantine-Borealians) decide to create a republic, with a basic constitution that would be given basic rights to citizens of Reme. After these discussions, a rich Byzantine-Borealian named Stephanos Shawnee, and becomes the first President of Reme. Shawnee starts to upgrade trade and military services. However seeing Reme, a new nation, vulnerable to foreign attack, starts to encourage militarization of the west, and opens up to military alliances with other nations. Meanwhile, trade is improved on, with industrialization, mainly former Byzantine areas slowly being introduced to populous areas. Lumber, cash crops, and other goods become a major export of Reme, and starts getting Reme a jump-start into the European economy. Shawnee also commands the creation of a couple new navy ships, to help modernize the outdated Remian navy. Reme continues it's current expansion into the Michigan peninsula, expanding another 150 pixels into it. Meanwhile, the idea of building coal mines come into mind, especially in the OTL West Virginian area. Coal mining plants are started to be worked on. Reme also starts very slowly changing it's focus to industrial things, with a nation wide railroad being considered to be built. Reme incorporates the French territory of Rouenelle as a province of Reme, with Cahokie being designated as a territory of Reme. With this, French is now declared an official language of Reme, with Greek and French made mandatory for children in Reman schools. Construction in the railroad continues, with the two native states being declared war upon to fix the track and to oust from that area. Jayson Chistakos, a politican, gains popularity, and gains influence thorugout the Republic. He eventually wins the election called for by the population and becomes the first Emperor of Reme. Jayson's first action is to immediately start industrializing river areas, and to mass produce textiles to cheaper the price of Reman cotton products. Jayson also demands that the Mexica border be fortified, since the nation poses a threat to the safety of Reme. Jayson also demands that Reme starts militarializing these areas, as well as the border with Arcadia. Reme also sends a diplomat to Byzantium, who wishes for the nation to recognize the soviernty of Reme and to drop claims to the nation. Reme, along with Algonquia, declares war on Arcadia and invades on another front.
 * The Caliphate drastically develops military and the economy of the nation. We begin to construct the nation to its previous extent and glory. In addition to this endeavour, we start to garrison more men on our eastern borders, in addition to our border with the Roman Empire. Also, we try to influence the Persian Gulf trade to our control, in opposition to the Persia. We improve Mecca every year, donating a significant part of our treasury to the Holy City. As our steady population increases, so does our economy. A significant number of ships are built for our fleet. As we also begin to modernize our army, we improve the many cities of the Caliphate, specifically in Yemen and Iraq. We continue the war against Persia.
 * Sultanate of Bengal: Sultan Mahmud Shah I was proclaimed the Sultan of the Sultanate of Bengal on 1810, and he initiated his rule over the Sultanate soon after. The Bengali population rose about 79.4 million, mostly due to the large influx of Bengali immigrants coming from former Bengali crown vassals, for the economic opportunity was on the rise. The Empire officially began a reform of the economic system looking to bail the economy out of crisis from war debt, and the bullion was geared toward giving the empire a competitive edge in being able to invest millions on a whim in order to drive up investments and production. A new and strict tax system was established, based off the Sharia law, a decision lauded by the largely conservative populace. The monarchy also implemented a new currency system which was to be the well-regulated silver-based Bengali Tanki. Meanwhile, the Bengali military was divided into a Naval Force, Land Force and an Imperial Guard with each having their appointed head, answerable to the Sultan. The Bengali navy experimented its first ironclads and began further development of its new larger classes of steam engine ships, churning out first rate flagships for various fleets, and more third rates, and fourth rates with the occasional second rate to augment the smaller patrol fleets, the fifth and sixth rates began to become more standard as light and medium frigates for singular voyages and patrols among other things. For the land force, a standardized army of roughly 300,000 was raised with soldiers armed with modern rifles and with cannons to be used as an ideal seige equipment. The infantry was also equipped with daggers and swords, although the latter were usually ceremonial. The land forces acted to prevent any foreign incursion into Bengal whilst the Imperial Guard existed to thwart any attempt by revolutionaries to abolish the Sultanate. Given the lack of supply of armaments from Europe, many armament companies were established at local as well as national level which served national interests, as they actively engaged in production of firearms. In agriculture was the largest economic focus of Bengal, selling such goods as rice, wheat, maize, potatoes, indigo, opium, wheat, cannabis and other crops to European merchants as well as Indian. However, jute and muslin, in particular served as the most important exports of Bengal given the general need for such in Europe. The flocking of populations to Bengal coastal cities continued, with a mass increase of population in Visakhapatnam, Calcutta, Bhubaneswar, and various other minor cities and townships throughout the south. Of particular importance was the city of Calcutta which was established as the new capital of Bengal, replacing Pandua. Thus, with the constant inflow of manpower towards the coast, the Sultanate expanded upon its shipbuilding and fishery industry, and actively exploited the riches of the Bay of Bengal as it had been established as a virtual Bengali lake, with little to no opposition faced from Burma or Vijaynagar. Indeed, Bengal served as the principle centres of industry in the world. Along the same time, the Bengali Renaissance was in full swing with movements such as the Young Bengal movement established that espoused rationalism and atheism as the common denominators of civil conduct amongst the educated masses. The monarchy generally co-operated with the upholders of the renaissance, and brought forth social reforms in order to disband various backward practices such as belief in 'Priests' possessing powers which was termed shirk. Along the same time, education and scientific research was promoted amongst the masses, with schools and colleges constructed throughout the Sultanate. International-standard universities were also constructed at Kolkata, Pauda, Gaur and Visakhapatnam in order for Bengal to advance ahead of other Indian states and maintain a particular pace as the world entered into the stage of industrialization. However, it was the Bengali literature that reached its Golden Age with hundreds of poets and scholars sprouting throughout the Sultanate. The Sultanate itself promoted Urdu as well as Bengali, however it was generally the former which entered into its zenith since Urdu was largely used amongst the elites. The positive attitude of the populace towards industrialization aided in promoting it, with a railroad and telephone system established which connected the Sultanate and eased transportation and communication. Along the same time, Bengali influence steadily grew in Jaunpur with extensive co-operation and trade between the two states. [Mil/Eco Turn]
 * Khedivate of Bahamani: Prince Imran Ashraf Shah married the daughter of Ibrahim Adil Shah, establishing a dynastic union between Bahamani and Bengal. The population of Bahamani stood at 24.6 million. Under their rule, construction for a new capital at Hyderabad was initiated. The Bengali Tanki was also imposed upon Bahamani as the new currency, and the trans-railroad system established in Bengal was extended into Bahamani. The Bahamani military was modernized, standing at roughly 80,000 and a major port and naval base was constructed at Mahmudpur, the latter which would act to maintain Bengali presence in the Arabian Sea. In the economic sector, rice played the role as a major food crop to be exported. However, other important crops such as cotton, sugar cane, mango and tobacco maintained a major presence in Bahamanis exports as well. Along the same time, the Bahamani textile industry reached new heights.
 * ​Bengal - Jaunpur Diplomacy: In light of Jaunpur's aid to Bengal against Deccan, they're offered territorial concessions as a gift. The Bengali Sultan also offers his son in marriage to the Jaunpur Sultan's daughter [Mod Response].
 * Korea: Korea continues to build up its military. Meanwhile, more Taoist, Neo-Confucian and Buddhist temples are built. Taoism rises in popularity and gains more followers. Regular (read: not Imperial) Shinto gains a few more followers as well, mainly along the coastline in Southeastern Korea, particularly in Busan, Jejudo, Ulsan, and the coastal cities and coastal towns of Southern Gyeongsang Province. Mahayana Tao-Shintoism also continues to grow, and begins gaining followers from the areas where Shinto is growing, with some Shintoists switching to Mahayana Tao-Shintoism. The military in the colony of Haejagang (해자강) continues to be on high alert and continues to heavily patrol the Korean settlements.
 * Ruthenia: The Ruthenians continue to make infrastructure repairs and upgrades to their new territory. The Tartar architecture of the East continues to influence the Ruthenians.
 * Morocco: The Kingdom of Morocco continues to improve its economy, infrastructure and build up its military. Morocco continues to westernize the nation and population continues to grow. The nation expands by 10,000 sq km to keep it stronger and be independent, with a few new cities built and roads built between old and new cities. More schools and houses are built and technology improves as well. Industry continues improved to be one of best works in Morocco, mostly new are built in largest populated areas of Morocco.
 * Tartary: The economy and military of Tartary are developed this year. Farming is the largest industry throughout the nation. The nation continues to develop cities. The population of Tartary continues to become larger. Tartary looks to establish an alliance with Scandinavia. We continue to expand 1000 px northeast. The Emperor position is re-established, and Alexis I becomes the Emperor.
 * Great Perm: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Azov: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bukhara: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bajkal: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Khiva: We build up our military and economy.
 * Kingdom of Parthia: We build up our military and economy.
 * Andea: The Nationals take power in the Congress of Buenos Noches this year. Population stands at 25 million Kurillianka takes the throne in both Andea and Voryloyclayr. Buenos Noches continues to grow, with a population of 65,000. Cuzco remains the largest city, with a population of 190,000. Military stands at 200,000 active men, and another 200,000 in reserve. The nation builds up its navy, expanding the amount of Warships and Ships of the Line as well as creating new Ship Yards. The nation continues to expand its industry and steam power. Cuzco remains the most industrial city in the nation, with most of the conetnients industrial goods coming from there. Buenos Noches sees the expansion of its industry as well. The new Federales Government passes the Limitation Doctrine, which gives them the power to declare war should a potential threat be perceived by the Andean Government or her sphere of influence. We also continue our support for the Osean Dictatorship. The Nationals continue to pursue the idea of a united Andea, continuing to expand their theories throughout the continent. The Novel  A World of Difference,  is published by a National Author. The Novel depicts a world in which Andea is divided, leading to another era of colonialism in Hesperia. Plans to construct a railroad from Cuzco to Buenos Dias begins, though the effort would involve massive clearing of the forest and jungle. The project is expected to take 50 years. Other railroads and highways are constructed in all nations, though. The nation mobilizes against Southern Osea.
 * Andean Overseas Territories: The Falkland Islands, under direct control of the Andean Military, prove to be a strategic location in protecting Vorlayacor's coast line. A military force of 25,000 is stationed on the islands.
 * Kingdom of Apeac: Military, economy and navy improve. Population stands at 200,000, as Andean settlers come in, seeking more land then they can get in their homeland. 4000 militiamen remain activated in the territory. 20,000 Andean military men remain active in the territory. Andean Settlers meet resistance from Mataco raiders, who attack settlements on the frontier. The nation mobilizes against Southern Osea.
 * Vorlayacor: Military, economy and navy improve. The nation sees a massive expansion of its infrastructure, with the Royal family owning much of the nation's infrastructure. Population stands at seven million. Military stands at 25,000 active men, with another 20,000 in reserve. Andean Military bases have 35,000 men stationed.The Nation joins the Second Hesperian League.
 * Osean Dictatorship: The nation moblizes against southern Osea.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire is now at a period of peace and prosperity after a long period of war and uncertainty. Roman trade routes stretch across most of the world in the pursuit of wealth and trade goods and Roman military might remains a powerful force in Europe and other parts of the world. The Roman central government does what it can to address all of the issues of the various archonates within the Empire and ensure that their needs are met even as they help instill strength in the central government. Railroads are constructed around the nation to help connect the Empire and its peoples and steamships are used for much the same purpose on water. One of the most important railroads constructed in the Empire is the Trans-Imperial Railway, stretching all the way from Patras in Achaea all the way to Alexandria in Egypt. The Railway is immense and not yet completed, but when it is will provide the people of the Empire a cheaper and safer means of travel to the various regions of the Empire as well as increase commerce and military deployment. Despite this success, the Empire continues to worry about some of its more restive or vulnerable archonates, and makes efforts to help solve that. A fort is constructed in Lutriwita, military garrisons are established in Syria, and a new harbor is constructed in Antillia. Because of the protests, a new political party is formed called the Fascist party, after mobs of protestors walk with fasces in hand. The party soon springs to dominance, obtaining a large portion of the Senate in elections.
 * Lutriwita: The colony was relatively unaffected by the war, and as such life more or less continued on normally, although contact with the Empire was much less often than before. As such, the colony developed a sense of nationalism and independence in very much the same way that the other archonates did during the war. Luckily, the government in Constantinople realizes this and offers them the same representation rights that the archonates are now given in the Imperial Senate. This does much to ease any of the potential political issues at the present time.
 * Italy: Italy begins to recover from the war, and the local military and economy continues to grow and stabilize in the aftermath. The economy is largely built up with help from the central government, as the entire economy is in shambles and the central government is doing its best to help the entire Empire grow and interconnect better through economics.
 * Syria: The former capital region proves to be a considerable issue for the Roman occupation forces, as the region is full of Muslims but also a significant quantity of Christians. Roman forces establish themselves in the city of Antioch, which houses the largest Christian community of Syria, and from there they use military and economic power to heal the land and expand Roman control over taxation, military patrols, and infrastructure rebuilding.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 100 sq km among both colonies into the Galapago Islands called Illes d'Neptune. The colonies continue growing as expected. The colony of Nouvelle Rouen continues to expand inland throughout the land corridor given by Cahokie by 9800 sq km. Mining continues in the colony of Nouvelle Orleans. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The king is outraged, for such freedom given to the Rhenish kingdom so much betrayal! In an act of sheer punishment he declares an all-out war against the rebels and the nobles he dispatches a coalition army of around 400,000 troops (from all around the empire) to quell the uprising. in the now called French Borealia, the displacement of small Spanish settlements begin, offering a free ride for them to return back into Castile, and exchange or sell their possessions in the colonies or swear allegiance to the King. Trinity colony expands by 700 sq km, a local uprising begins in Nouvelle Orleans city (OTL Cartagena de las Indias, Colombia) it soon spreads through the country to Coucut (OTL Cucuta) Sableville (in Falcon Venezuela) and St Joseph d'Bacatte (OTL Bogota) and Basse Nubou (shortened Nouvelle Bourdeaux, OTL Bucaramanga). Demanding the lowering of the taxes in the colony, and the granting of local self ruling, the King considers it, making a promise to do so within the next 30 years, thinking it to be far enough for the promise to be forgotten. The government agrees on giving the Californian state or region self rule recognizing its own right to determine its destiny, however, remaining a territory of the Borealian Domain. The colony of Emeraldia is given free state status with the official name of Etat-livre du Nouvelle Orleans.
 * Kingdom of Rhenanie: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Kingdom of Lower Burgundy: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Sardinia-Corsica: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The Sardinian language has lowered its usage to only 10% of the population of Sardinia (roughly 50,000 people) with the speaking African (43%) and French (38%) or Vandalian (9% African Rhenish German dialect) and with the vast majority being able to speak both African and French (that is more or less 85% of the nation's population). The population is stable at 500,000 people.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The African language has become the de facto leading language surpassing every other (outside of French) being spoken by the 2.3 million people living in the country as either native or second language. Vandalian, however, dominates area of Tripolitania's coast with a population of around 5000 speakers in the region. French is still the main language officially. Trading outposts begin to be made in the border of the country to trade with Tuareg and inland tribes. Sends supplies to the Rhenish War.
 * French Mali: Due to vast piracy campaigns which France and Spain have contributed to has resulted in many pirate coves in the Bissagos Islands, and as a result a larger influx of Frenchmen arrived this year, though they still don't even make up 1% yet. Ports continue to expand appropriately and the region becomes a place worth note on many maps. Roads continue being built to outlying villages and plantations continue being built.
 * Artois: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure and navy are built up. The nation prepares an army for the conflict in Britannia.
 * Free City of Danzig: The military, economy, infrastructure, and navy are built up, Danzig asks for an alliance with the current Prussian and Polish government.
 * BoraliaFlag.pngCommonwealth of Borealia: Both the military and economy improve. The continual industrial revolution has led to an increasing birth rate. Recent theories on economics and agriculture have led to the expansion of businesses at an exponential rate, including various forms of manufacturing, mining and printing. Machines using steam power are also popular, as the first factories appear. Some of these businesses are also internationally based, buying and selling to the neighboring colonies of France, Britain, and Scandinavia, as well as the sovereign states of Reme, Arcadia, Aragon, Algonquia and Germany. The most productive of these businesses is the buffalo industry, monopolized by a few companies based in Kristallstadt (OTL Salt Lake City). The professional army and cavalry are continually trained, while the forts on both borders are expanded and new artillery is manufactured. Rifles are now standard equipment across the military. Caravels and frigates fitted with steam engines are constructed while coastal merchant trade expands across the Pacific, particularly in Hawaii. The University of New Vienna continues to produce new intellectuals and engineers. Railroads for steam engines begin to be built to span many cities across the plains. As military and diplomatic support is sent to Reme, the curia also offers to mass manufacture raw materials from them and sell bison products. The Romanesque movement continues to be popular among the younger generation, as small, independent communes appear around central California. A massive amount of gold is struck in California, followed by a second wave in Alaska three months later. By the end of the year, the economy of San Francisco begins to rival that of Kristallstadt, and the immigrant population of Alaska continues to climb. The Romanesque movement frowns upon this, however, and sees it as another means of taking advantage of the Borealian natives. Construction of the second international railroad is completed. We request to purchase the colony of New Bavaria for 1.8 million Reichsthalers, utilizing the gold obtained from California. The commonwealth declares neutrality in the war with Arcadia.
 * Duchy of Oldenburg: A railway company is formed, the the Government, the OHG, and the Catholic Church in Oldenburg being the three major shareholders. The company's aim is an Oldenburg-Osnabruck line within the next five years. The economy improves. Hamburg is asked for its opinion on where the permanent home of the Pan-Holy Roman Empire Parliament should be.
 * In the Grand Union (Pskov), the GDP rises along with average wages. The Inter-Republic Road network is expanded. The Science and technology aspect of Pskov is not overlooked either. As prosperity in the nation increases, the amount of money and new people investing in institutions of higher learning. As such, the various schools that existed in Nizhegorodsk-Na-Narve unite and form the "University of Nizhegorodsk", beginning a rivalry between it and Pskov. The Pskovians want to encourage immigration from Russia, and are somewhat more successful with the Muscovite serfs, who can move around freely with their landlord's consent. This puts much issues with the leadership of Novgorod and Muscovy, who think Pskov is just looking for a fight. The ruble is becoming more and more used and is becoming the unofficial currency of Russia. The idea of currency reform, to reform it to a decimal system is put out, in order to simplify much trade (even though it is already simple enough with multiples of 20). Zlatobrezhie becomes more and more wealthy as more people get used to over 100 years of Pskovian governance. A gunsmith introduces the first revolver, and it quickly becomes popular with both the officer class. A new bullet is invented, conical inside, and with the advent of industry, rifles become the norm for the Guard regiments, and will soon enter service for the regular forces. With Elections coming up in two years, the Government decides, after much consideration, to redraw electoral boundaries once again. This time by adding seats. It is decided that until a new census is taken, that the number of seats in the General Assembly would be increased to 1000 members, and that the boundaries would be merged to Electoral Council boundaries, which would themselves be increased tenfold to 10,000 electors, as was originally envisioned. This is a radical change to the old system, and required rattification by all member Nations. This quickly got approved by the Pskov New Veche, and the Duma of Belarus. A month later, the Riigikogu of Eesti approved of the change, and the Council of Nations almost unanimously agreed. The decision became final when the Lithuanian Seimas rattified the constitutional amendment. The Conservative party thought to increase their standing by "dividing and conquering", so to speak. The Conservative Party, in this year's budget, reduced the tax rates on the faux-aristocracy, and made it more difficult to start businesses without state (or in this case pseudo-aristocratic) backing to incorporate. This is met by fierce resistance from the United Liberals, who advocate for a more Lessez-faire approach to economics.

1854

 * United German Kingdoms: Oldenburg's question is replied with several options, Osnabruck and Frankfurt. As Oldenburgs Duke is the HRE emperor, the final decision would most likely be his. New Mecklenburg in OTL Australia expands by 750 px.


 * Sultanate of Bengal: Sultan Mahmud Shah I was proclaimed the Sultan of the Sultanate of Bengal on 1810, and he initiated his rule over the Sultanate soon after. The Bengali population rose about 79.4 million, mostly due to the large influx of Bengali immigrants coming from former Bengali crown vassals, for the economic opportunity was on the rise. The Empire officially began a reform of the economic system looking to bail the economy out of crisis from war debt, and the bullion was geared toward giving the empire a competitive edge in being able to invest millions on a whim in order to drive up investments and production. A new and strict tax system was established, based off the Sharia law, a decision lauded by the largely conservative populace. The monarchy also implemented a new currency system which was to be the well-regulated silver-based Bengali Tanki. Meanwhile, the Bengali military was divided into a Naval Force, Land Force and an Imperial Guard with each having their appointed head, answerable to the Sultan. The Bengali navy experimented its first ironclads and began further development of its new larger classes of steam engine ships, churning out first rate flagships for various fleets, and more third rates, and fourth rates with the occasional second rate to augment the smaller patrol fleets, the fifth and sixth rates began to become more standard as light and medium frigates for singular voyages and patrols among other things. For the land force, a standardized army of roughly 300,000 was raised with soldiers armed with modern rifles and with cannons to be used as an ideal seige equipment. The infantry was also equipped with daggers and swords, although the latter were usually ceremonial. The land forces acted to prevent any foreign incursion into Bengal whilst the Imperial Guard existed to thwart any attempt by revolutionaries to abolish the Sultanate. Given the lack of supply of armaments from Europe, many armament companies were established at local as well as national level which served national interests, as they actively engaged in production of firearms. In agriculture was the largest economic focus of Bengal, selling such goods as rice, wheat, maize, potatoes, indigo, opium, wheat, cannabis and other crops to European merchants as well as Indian. However, jute and muslin, in particular served as the most important exports of Bengal given the general need for such in Europe. The flocking of populations to Bengal coastal cities continued, with a mass increase of population in Visakhapatnam, Calcutta, Bhubaneswar, and various other minor cities and townships throughout the south. Of particular importance was the city of Calcutta which was established as the new capital of Bengal, replacing Pandua. Thus, with the constant inflow of manpower towards the coast, the Sultanate expanded upon its shipbuilding and fishery industry, and actively exploited the riches of the Bay of Bengal as it had been established as a virtual Bengali lake, with little to no opposition faced from Burma or Vijaynagar. Indeed, Bengal served as the principle centres of industry in the world. Along the same time, the Bengali Renaissance was in full swing with movements such as the Young Bengal movement established that espoused rationalism and atheism as the common denominators of civil conduct amongst the educated masses. The monarchy generally co-operated with the upholders of the renaissance, and brought forth social reforms in order to disband various backward practices such as belief in 'Priests' possessing powers which was termed shirk. Along the same time, education and scientific research was promoted amongst the masses, with schools and colleges constructed throughout the Sultanate. International-standard universities were also constructed at Kolkata, Pauda, Gaur and Visakhapatnam in order for Bengal to advance ahead of other Indian states and maintain a particular pace as the world entered into the stage of industrialization. However, it was the Bengali literature that reached its Golden Age with hundreds of poets and scholars sprouting throughout the Sultanate. The Sultanate itself promoted Urdu as well as Bengali, however it was generally the former which entered into its zenith since Urdu was largely used amongst the elites. The positive attitude of the populace towards industrialization aided in promoting it, with a railroad and telephone system established which connected the Sultanate and eased transportation and communication. Along the same time, Bengali influence steadily grew in Jaunpur with extensive co-operation and trade between the two states. [Mil/Eco Turn]
 * Khedivate of Bahamani: Prince Imran Ashraf Shah married the daughter of Ibrahim Adil Shah, establishing a dynastic union between Bahamani and Bengal. The population of Bahamani stood at 24.6 million. Under their rule, construction for a new capital at Hyderabad was initiated. The Bengali Tanki was also imposed upon Bahamani as the new currency, and the trans-railroad system established in Bengal was extended into Bahamani. The Bahamani military was modernized, standing at roughly 80,000 and a major port and naval base was constructed at Mahmudpur, the latter which would act to maintain Bengali presence in the Arabian Sea. In the economic sector, rice played the role as a major food crop to be exported. However, other important crops such as cotton, sugar cane, mango and tobacco maintained a major presence in Bahamanis exports as well. Along the same time, the Bahamani textile industry reached new heights.
 * ​Bengal - Jaunpur Diplomacy: In light of Jaunpur's aid to Bengal against Deccan, they're offered territorial concessions as a gift. The Bengali Sultan also offers his son in marriage to the Jaunpur Sultan's daughter [Mod Response].
 * Yeah, why not?
 * Bengal - Udaipur Diplomacy: The Raja of the Udaipur Rajya is offered protectorate status under the Sultanate of Bengal. The proposal offers military protection to Udaipur, from any foreign aggression or local uprising, training to the Udaipuri military and supply of armaments at cheap cost. Udaipur would also receive trade benefits, such as removal of tariffs in particular situations. Moreover, Udaipuri merchants would be allowed to utilize the railroad system present in Bengal and Bahamani, as well as use the ports of Mahmudpur and Kolkata. Moving on, Udaipur would be able to maintain partial autonomy, being able to manage their internal affairs independently. External affairs would in contrast be managed jointly by Bengal and Udaipur. The proposal also assures the Udaipur Rajya, that no attempt would be made to impose total Bengali control over Udaipur unless specifically requested by the Udaipuri ruler of that time, and any decision to be made in regards to Udaipur would be made with joint consultation. In return for such benefits, Udaipur would allow Bengali merchants to utilise the port of Surat, and Bengali soldiers would have permission to move through Udaipuri territory. Udaipur would also be obliged to implement the Bengali Tanki. Moreover, Udaipur would recognise substantial Bengali suzerainty over the Rajya, with the latter being a 'Khedivate' in a sense, although with much greater autonomy. [Mod Response]
 * The Caliphate drastically develops military and the economy of the nation. We begin to construct the nation to its previous extent and glory. In addition to this endeavour, we start to garrison more men on our eastern borders, in addition to our border with the Roman Empire. Also, we try to influence the Persian Gulf trade to our control, in opposition to the Persia. We improve Mecca every year, donating a significant part of our treasury to the Holy City. As our steady population increases, so does our economy. A significant number of ships are built for our fleet. As we also begin to modernize our army, we improve the many cities of the Caliphate, specifically in Yemen and Iraq. We continue the war against Persia.
 * Korea: Korea continues to build up its military. Meanwhile, more Taoist, Neo-Confucian and Buddhist temples are built. Taoism rises in popularity and gains more followers. Regular (read: not Imperial) Shinto gains a few more followers as well, mainly along the coastline in Southeastern Korea, particularly in Busan, Jejudo, Ulsan, and the coastal cities and coastal towns of Southern Gyeongsang Province. Mahayana Tao-Shintoism also continues to grow, and begins gaining followers from the areas where Shinto is growing, with some Shintoists switching to Mahayana Tao-Shintoism. The military in the colony of Haejagang (해자강) continues to be on high alert and continues to heavily patrol the Korean settlements.
 * Ruthenia: The Ruthenians continue to make infrastructure repairs and upgrades to their new territory. The Tartar architecture of the East continues to influence the Ruthenians.
 * Morocco: The Kingdom of Morocco continues to improve its economy, infrastructure and build up its military. Morocco continues to westernize the nation and population continues to grow. The nation expands by 10,000 sq km to keep it stronger and be independent, with a few new cities built and roads built between old and new cities. More schools and houses are built and technology improves as well. Industry continues improved to be one of best works in Morocco, mostly new are built in largest populated areas of Morocco. Sunni Islam rises in popularity and gains more followers.
 * BoraliaFlag.pngCommonwealth of Borealia: Both the military and economy improve. The continual industrial revolution has led to an increasing birth rate. Recent theories on economics and agriculture have led to the expansion of businesses at an exponential rate, including various forms of manufacturing, mining and printing. Machines using steam power are also popular, as the first factories appear. Some of these businesses are also internationally based, buying and selling to the neighboring colonies of France, Britain and Scandinavia, as well as the sovereign states of Reme, Arcadia, Aragon, Algonquia and Germany. The most productive of these businesses is the buffalo industry, monopolized by a few companies based in Kristallstadt (OTL Salt Lake City). The professional army and cavalry are continually trained, while the forts on both borders are expanded and new artillery is manufactured. Rifles are now standard equipment across the military. Caravels and frigates fitted with steam engines are constructed while coastal merchant trade expands across the Pacific, particularly in Hawaii. The University of New Vienna continues to produce new intellectuals and engineers. Railroads for steam engines begin to be built to span many cities across the plains. As military and diplomatic support is sent to Reme, the curia also offers to mass manufacture raw materials from them and sell bison products. The Romanesque movement continues to be popular among the younger generation, as small, independent communes appear around central California. A massive amount of gold is struck in California, followed by a second wave in Alaska three months later. By the end of the year, the economy of San Francisco begins to rival that of Kristallstadt, and the immigrant population of Alaska continues to climb. The Romanesque movement frowns upon this, however, and sees it as another means of taking advantage of the Borealian natives. We request to purchase the colony of New Bavaria for 1.8 million Reichsthalers, utilizing the gold obtained from California. The commonwealth declares neutrality in the war with Arcadia.
 * Tartary: The economy and military of Tartary are developed this year. Farming is the largest industry throughout the nation. The nation continues to develop cities. The population of Tartary continues to become larger. Tartary looks to establish an alliance with Scandinavia. We continue to expand 1000 px northeast. The Emperor position is re-established, and Alexis I becomes the Emperor.
 * Great Perm: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Azov: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bukhara: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bajkal: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Khiva: We build up our military and economy.
 * Kingdom of Parthia: We build up our military and economy.
 * China: Military and economic development continues.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire is now at a period of peace and prosperity after a long period of war and uncertainty. Roman trade routes stretch across most of the world in the pursuit of wealth and trade goods and Roman military might remains a powerful force in Europe and other parts of the world. The Roman central government does what it can to address all of the issues of the various archonates within the Empire and ensure that their needs are met even as they help instill strength in the central government. Railroads are constructed around the nation to help connect the Empire and its peoples and steamships are used for much the same purpose on water. One of the most important railroads constructed in the Empire is the Trans-Imperial Railway, stretching all the way from Patras in Achaea all the way to Alexandria in Egypt. The Railway is immense and not yet completed, but when it is will provide the people of the Empire a cheaper and safer means of travel to the various regions of the Empire as well as increase commerce and military deployment. Despite this success, the Empire continues to worry about some of its more restive or vulnerable archonates, and makes efforts to help solve that. A fort is constructed in Lutriwita, military garrisons are established in Syria, and a new harbor is constructed in Antillia. Because of the protests, a new political party is formed called the Fascist party, after mobs of protestors walk with fasces in hand. The party soon springs to dominance, obtaining a large portion of the Senate in elections.
 * Lutriwita: The colony was relatively unaffected by the war, and as such life more or less continued on normally, although contact with the Empire was much less often than before. As such, the colony developed a sense of nationalism and independence in very much the same way that the other archonates did during the war. Luckily, the government in Constantinople realizes this and offers them the same representation rights that the archonates are now given in the Imperial Senate. This does much to ease any of the potential political issues at the present time.
 * Italy: Italy begins to recover from the war, and the local military and economy continues to grow and stabilize in the aftermath. The economy is largely built up with help from the central government, as the entire economy is in shambles and the central government is doing its best to help the entire Empire grow and interconnect better through economics. The Roman government begins a major drive to help improve the region and reinforce its control. Forts are constructed around major cities like Naples, Rome, and Florence and a line of border posts and fortifications are constructed along the border with Lombardy. Railroads are constructed from Bari in the south to Ravenna in the north, connecting the two parts of the country together and easing travel for both civilians and military across the land.
 * Syria: The former capital region proves to be a considerable issue for the Roman occupation forces, as the region is full of Muslims but also a significant quantity of Christians. Roman forces establish themselves in the city of Antioch, which houses the largest Christian community of Syria, and from there they use military and economic power to heal the land and expand Roman control over taxation, military patrols, and infrastructure rebuilding. The population begins to see major changes since the fall of the Damascans. Many Muslims have either fled the area or have converted by this time, althouth there is still a sizable number of Muslims still living in Syria as well as other areas. Syrian Christians are integrated into the local government to help govern the area, and while many are opposed, a few Muslims are as well.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 100 sq km among both colonies into the Galapago Islands called Illes d'Neptune. The colonies continue growing as expected. The colony of Nouvelle Rouen continues to expand inland throughout the land corridor given by Cahokie by 9800 sq km. Mining continues in the colony of Nouvelle Orleans. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The king is outraged, for such freedom given to the Rhenish kingdom so much betrayal! In an act of sheer punishment he declares an all-out war against the rebels and the nobles he dispatches a coalition army of around 400,000 troops (from all around the empire) to quell the uprising. in the now called French Borealia, the displacement of small Spanish settlements begin, offering a free ride for them to return back into Castile, and exchange or sell their possessions in the colonies or swear allegiance to the King. Trinity colony expands by 700 sq km, a local uprising begins in Nouvelle Orleans city (OTL Cartagena de las Indias, Colombia) it soon spreads through the country to Coucut (OTL Cucuta) Sableville (in Falcon Venezuela) and St Joseph d'Bacatte (OTL Bogota) and Basse Nubou (shortened Nouvelle Bourdeaux, OTL Bucaramanga). Demanding the lowering of the taxes in the colony, and the granting of local self ruling, the King considers it, making a promise to do so within the next 30 years, thinking it to be far enough for the promise to be forgotten. The government agrees on giving the Californian state or region self rule recognizing its own right to determine its destiny, however, remaining a territory of the Borealian Domain. The colony of Emeraldia is given free state status with the official name of Etat-livre du Nouvelle Orleans.
 * Kingdom of Rhenanie: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Kingdom of Lower Burgundy: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Sardinia-Corsica: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The Sardinian language has lowered its usage to only 10% of the population of Sardinia (roughly 50,000 people) with the speaking African (43%) and French (38%) or Vandalian (9% African Rhenish German dialect) and with the vast majority being able to speak both African and French (that is more or less 85% of the nation's population). The population is stable at 500,000 people.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The African language has become the de facto leading language surpassing every other (outside of French) being spoken by the 2.3 million people living in the country as either native or second language. Vandalian, however, dominates area of Tripolitania's coast with a population of around 5000 speakers in the region. French is still the main language officially. Trading outposts begin to be made in the border of the country to trade with Tuareg and inland tribes. Sends supplies to the Rhenish War.
 * French Mali: Due to vast piracy campaigns which France and Spain have contributed to has resulted in many pirate coves in the Bissagos Islands, and as a result a larger influx of Frenchmen arrived this year, though they still don't even make up 1% yet. Ports continue to expand appropriately and the region becomes a place worth note on many maps. Roads continue being built to outlying villages and plantations continue being built.
 * Artois: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure and navy are built up. The nation prepares an army for the conflict in Britannia.
 * Free City of Danzig: The military, economy, infrastructure, and navy are built up, Danzig asks for an alliance with the current Prussian and Polish government.
 * Duchy of Oldenburg: Duke-Emperor Conrad decrees that two Imperial Parliaments shall be built: one in Osnabruck and one in Frankfurt, to be used on alternate years. They will be completely identical buildings, and will face each other, so that if one walked in a straight line from Osnabruck to Frankfurt, one would feel like one had somehow returned to where one started. Work begins immediately on the grand buildings (which are in the style of the OTL Bundestag building). In other news, work begins on the Oldenburg-Osnabruck railway line. It is slow at first, but gradually makes headway.
 * In the Grand Union (Pskov), the GDP rises along with average wages. The Inter-Republic Road network is expanded. The Science and technology aspect of Pskov is not overlooked either. As prosperity in the nation increases, the amount of money and new people investing in institutions of higher learning. As such, the various schools that existed in Nizhegorodsk-Na-Narve unite and form the "University of Nizhegorodsk", beginning a rivalry between it and Pskov. The Pskovians want to encourage immigration from Russia, and are somewhat more successful with the Muscovite serfs, who can move around freely with their landlord's consent. This puts much issues with the leadership of Novgorod and Muscovy, who think Pskov is just looking for a fight. The ruble is becoming more and more used and is becoming the unofficial currency of Russia. The idea of currency reform, to reform it to a decimal system is put out, in order to simplify much trade (even though it is already simple enough with multiples of 20). Zlatobrezhie becomes more and more wealthy as more people get used to over 100 years of Pskovian governance. A gunsmith introduces the first revolver, and it quickly becomes popular with both the officer class. A new bullet is invented, conical inside, and with the advent of industry, rifles become the norm for the Guard regiments, and will soon enter service for the regular forces. With Elections coming up in two years, the Government decides, after much consideration, to redraw electoral boundaries once again. This time by adding seats. It is decided that until a new census is taken, that the number of seats in the General Assembly would be increased to 1000 members, and that the boundaries would be merged to Electoral Council boundaries, which would themselves be increased tenfold to 10,000 electors, as was originally envisioned. This is a radical change to the old system, and required ratification by all member Nations. This quickly got approved by the Pskov New Veche, and the Duma of Belarus. A month later, the Riigikogu of Eesti approved of the change, and the Council of Nations almost unanimously agreed. The decision became final when the Lithuanian Seimas ratified the constitutional amendment. The Conservative party thought to increase their standing by "dividing and conquering", so to speak. The Conservative Party, in this year's budget, reduced the tax rates on the faux-aristocracy, and made it more difficult to start businesses without state (or in this case pseudo-aristocratic) backing to incorporate. This is met by fierce resistance from the United Liberals, who advocate for a more Lessez-faire approach to economics. Communist and Socialist ideologies cross the Finnish Gulf, and begin to take root in Eesti.
 * In Aragon the nation continues to prosper as a center of the arts and learning. The construction of new buildings, roads and other infrastructure continues. Aragonese merchants and emissaries continue to sail around the world to expand the reach of Aragon in terms of wealth and diplomatic connections. Aragon also becomes a place where artists and intellectual minds meet and do things. It is cool. Due to the regrowth of the economy, new jobs created in the three major cities lead to more people moving to the cities. Stronger cements are produced, whatever that means, leading to the construction of some taller buildings, especially in the major cities such as Zaragoza and Valencia. A rail link between Zaragoza and Madrid is proposed. With the advent of steam power, factories begin to be built and stuff. Textile mills, cloth factories and other places begin to harness steam power to do more things faster, which creates more jobs that people move to cities to get. Industrialization is gaining speed. The construction of ships and weaponry continues.
 * Reme: Reme begins to build up its military and economy. After a long, heated discussion of how Reme would be governed, the tribal representatives (as well as notable Byzantine-Borealians) decide to create a republic, with a basic constitution that would be given basic rights to citizens of Reme. After these discussions, a rich Byzantine-Borealian named Stephanos Shawnee, and becomes the first President of Reme. Shawnee starts to upgrade trade and military services. However seeing Reme, a new nation, vulnerable to foreign attack, starts to encourage militarization of the west, and opens up to military alliances with other nations. Meanwhile, trade is improved on, with industrialization, mainly former Byzantine areas slowly being introduced to populous areas. Lumber, cash crops, and other goods become a major export of Reme, and starts getting Reme a jump-start into the European economy. Shawnee also commands the creation of a couple new navy ships, to help modernize the outdated Remian navy. Reme continues it's current expansion into the Michigan peninsula, expanding another 150 pixels into it. Meanwhile, the idea of building coal mines come into mind, especially in the OTL West Virginian area. Coal mining plants are started to be worked on. Reme also starts very slowly changing it's focus to industrial things, with a nation wide railroad being considered to be built. Reme incorporates the French territory of Rouenelle as a province of Reme, with Cahokie being designated as a territory of Reme. With this, French is now declared an official language of Reme, with Greek and French made mandatory for children in Reman schools. Construction in the railroad continues, with the two native states being declared war upon to fix the track and to oust from that area. Jayson Chistakos, a politican, gains popularity, and gains influence thorugout the Republic. He eventually wins the election called for by the population and becomes the first Emperor of Reme. Jayson's first action is to immediately start industrializing river areas, and to mass produce textiles to cheaper the price of Reman cotton products. Jayson also demands that the Mexica border be fortified, since the nation poses a threat to the safety of Reme. Jayson also demands that Reme starts militarializing these areas, as well as the border with Arcadia. Reme also sends a diplomat to Byzantium, who wishes for the nation to recognize the soviernty of Reme and to drop claims to the nation. Reme, along with Algonquia, declares war on Arcadia and invades on another front.

1855
'''The Grand Union of Konigsberg begins to see tensions among the different conservatives of its ethnicities. Narvan/Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian and of course Pskovian/Belarus/Russian nationalists begin minor protests because they believe they require more freedom from each other.'''


 * Well then, this will certainly change the results of the election: Divide the National Conservatives, make it easier for the United Liberals to conquer.

As Borealianism achieved its full potential during the 1848 riots, many scholars in Borealia and Hesperia begin to claim that it has numerous errors and is filled with prejudice.


 * United German Kingdoms: New Mecklenburg in OTL Australia expands by 750 px. Construction on the new imperial parliament building in Frankfurt begins, and parliament approves to commit a percentage of the treasury to its construction. Following the death of Chancellor Heinz Rauben, King Karl appoints Francis Lüken, Count Rugia, as his successor. Lükens inaugural address to parliament includes his support of a standard railroad gauge through the Imperial states, as well as the Bavarian bloc.


 * Sultanate of Bengal: Sultan Mahmud Shah I was proclaimed the Sultan of the Sultanate of Bengal on 1810, and he initiated his rule over the Sultanate soon after. The Bengali population rose about 80.2 million, mostly due to the large influx of Bengali immigrants coming from former Bengali crown vassals, for the economic opportunity was on the rise. The Empire officially began a reform of the economic system looking to bail the economy out of crisis from war debt, and the bullion was geared toward giving the empire a competitive edge in being able to invest millions on a whim in order to drive up investments and production. A new and strict tax system was established, based off the Sharia law, a decision lauded by the largely conservative populace. The monarchy also implemented a new currency system which was to be the well-regulated silver-based Bengali Tanki. Meanwhile, the Bengali military was divided into a Naval Force, Land Force and an Imperial Guard with each having their appointed head, answerable to the Sultan. The Bengali navy experimented its first ironclads and began further development of its new larger classes of steam engine ships, churning out first rate flagships for various fleets, and more third rates, and fourth rates with the occasional second rate to augment the smaller patrol fleets, the fifth and sixth rates began to become more standard as light and medium frigates for singular voyages and patrols among other things. For the land force, a standardized army of roughly 300,000 was raised with soldiers armed with modern rifles and with cannons to be used as the ideal seige equipment. The infantry was also equipped with daggers and swords, although the latter were usually ceremonial. The land forces acted to prevent any foreign incursion into Bengal whilst the Imperial Guard existed to thwart any attempt by revolutionaries to abolish the Sultanate. Given the lack of supply of armaments from Europe, many armament companies were established at local as well as national level which served national interests, as they actively engaged in production of firearms. In agriculture was the largest economic focus of Bengal, selling such goods as rice, wheat, maize, potatoes, indigo, opium, wheat, cannabis and other crops to European merchants as well as Indian. However, jute and muslin in particular, served as the most important exports of Bengal given the general need for such in Europe. The flocking of populations to Bengal coastal cities continued, with a mass increase of population in Visakhapatnam, Calcutta, Bhubaneswar, and various other minor cities and townships throughout the south. Of particular importance was the city of Calcutta which was established as the new capital of Bengal, replacing Pandua. Thus, with the constant inflow of manpower towards the coast, the Sultanate expanded upon its shipbuilding and fishery industry, and actively exploited the riches of the Bay of Bengal as it had been established as a virtual Bengali lake, with little to no opposition faced from Burma or Vijaynagar. Indeed, Bengal served as the principle centres of industry in the world. Along the same time, the Bengali Renaissance was in full swing with movements such as the Young Bengal movement established that espoused rationalism and atheism as the common denominators of civil conduct amongst the educated masses. The monarchy generally co-operated with the upholders of the renaissance, and brought forth social reforms in order to disband various backward practices such as belief in 'Priests' possessing powers which was termed shirk. Along the same time, education and scientific research was promoted amongst the masses, with schools and colleges constructed throughout the Sultanate. International-standard universities were also constructed at Kolkata, Pauda, Gaur and Visakhapatnam in order for Bengal to advance ahead of other Indian states and maintain a particular pace as the world entered into the stage of industrialization. However, it was the Bengali literature that reached its Golden Age with hundreds of poets and scholars sprouting throughout the Sultanate. The Sultanate itself promoted Urdu as well as Bengali, however it was generally the former which entered into its zenith since Urdu was largely used amongst the elites. The positive attitude of the populace towards industrialization aided in promoting it, with a railroad and telephone system established which connected the Sultanate and eased transportation and communication. Along the same time, Bengali influence steadily grew in Jaunpur with extensive co-operation and trade between the two states. [Mil/Eco Turn]
 * Khedivate of Bahamani: Prince Imran Ashraf Shah married the daughter of Ibrahim Adil Shah, establishing a dynastic union between Bahamani and Bengal. The population of Bahamani stood at 25.1 million. Under their rule, construction for a new capital at Hyderabad was initiated. The Bengali Tanki was also imposed upon Bahamani as the new currency, and the trans-railroad system established in Bengal was extended into Bahamani. The Bahamani military was modernized, standing at roughly 80,000 and a major port and naval base was constructed at Mahmudpur, the latter which would act to maintain Bengali presence in the Arabian Sea. In the economic sector, rice played the role as a major food crop to be exported. However, other important crops such as cotton, sugar cane, mango and tobacco maintained a major presence in Bahamanis exports as well. Along the same time, the Bahamani textile industry reached new heights.
 * ​Bengal - Jaunpur Diplomacy: In light of Jaunpur's aid to Bengal against Deccan, they're offered territorial concessions as a gift. The Bengali Sultan also offers his son in marriage to the Jaunpur Sultan's daughter [Mod Response].
 * Yes
 * Bengal - Udaipur Diplomacy: The Raja of the Udaipur Rajya is offered protectorate status under the Sultanate of Bengal. The proposal offers military protection to Udaipur, from any foreign aggression or local uprising, training to the Udaipuri military and supply of armaments at cheap cost. Udaipur would also receive trade benefits, such as removal of tariffs in particular situations. Moreover, Udaipuri merchants would be allowed to utilize the railroad system present in Bengal and Bahamani, as well as use the ports of Mahmudpur and Kolkata. Moving on, Udaipur would be able to maintain partial autonomy, being able to manage their internal affairs independently. External affairs would in contrast be managed jointly by Bengal and Udaipur. The proposal also assures the Udaipur Rajya, that no attempt would be made to impose total Bengali control over Udaipur unless specifically requested by the Udaipuri ruler of that time, and any decision to be made in regards to Udaipur would be made with joint consultation. In return for such benefits, Udaipur would allow Bengali merchants to utilise the port of Surat, and Bengali soldiers would have permission to move through Udaipuri territory. Udaipur would also be obliged to implement the Bengali Tanki. Moreover, Udaipur would recognise substantial Bengali suzerainty over the Rajya, with the latter being a 'Khedivate' in a sense, although with much greater autonomy. [Mod Response]
 * yes unless other mods object
 * Ruthenia: The Ruthenians continue to make infrastructure repairs and upgrades to their new territory. The Tartar architecture of the East continues to influence the Ruthenians.
 * Korea: Korea continues to build up its military. Meanwhile, more Taoist, Neo-Confucian and Buddhist temples are built. Taoism rises in popularity and gains more followers. Regular (read: not Imperial) Shinto gains a few more followers as well, mainly along the coastline in Southeastern Korea, particularly in Busan, Jejudo, Ulsan, and the coastal cities and coastal towns of Southern Gyeongsang Province. Mahayana Tao-Shintoism also continues to grow, and begins gaining followers from the areas where Shinto is growing, with some Shintoists switching to Mahayana Tao-Shintoism. The military in the colony of Haejagang (해자강) continues to be on high alert and continues to heavily patrol the Korean settlements.
 * Morocco: The Kingdom of Morocco continues to improve its economy, infrastructure and build up its military. Morocco continues to westernize the nation and population continues to grow. The nation expands by 10,000 sq km to keep it stronger and be independent, with a few new cities built and roads built between old and new cities. More schools and houses are built and technology improves as well. Industry continues improved to be one of best works in Morocco, mostly new are built in largest populated areas of Morocco. Sunni Islam rises in popularity and gains more followers.
 * BoraliaFlag.pngCommonwealth of Borealia: Both the military and economy improve. The continual industrial revolution has led to an increasing birth rate. Recent theories on economics and agriculture have led to the expansion of businesses at an exponential rate, including various forms of manufacturing, mining and printing. Machines using steam power are also popular, as the first factories appear. Some of these businesses are also internationally based, buying and selling to the neighboring colonies of France, Britain, and Scandinavia, as well as the sovereign states of Reme, Arcadia, Aragon, Algonquia and Germany. The most productive of these businesses is the buffalo industry, monopolized by a few companies based in Kristallstadt (OTL Salt Lake City). The professional army and cavalry are continually trained, while the forts on both borders are expanded and new artillery is manufactured. Rifles are now standard equipment across the military. Caravels and frigates fitted with steam engines are constructed while coastal merchant trade expands across the Pacific, particularly in Hawaii. The University of New Vienna continues to produce new intellectuals and engineers. Railroads for steam engines begin to be built to span many cities across the plains. As military and diplomatic support is sent to Reme, the curia also offers to mass manufacture raw materials from them and sell bison products. A massive amount of gold is struck in California, followed by a second wave in Alaska three months later. By the end of the year, the economy of San Francisco begins to rival that of Kristallstadt, and the immigrant population of Alaska continues to climb. We request to purchase the colony of New Bavaria for 1.8 million Reichsthalers, utilizing the gold obtained from California. The Romanesque movement gains great momentum in the urban communities, setting themselves as counter to the culture of Borealianism. Some politicians worry that they might be a threat to society, but even some anthropologists are re-evaluating their claims.
 * Tartary: The economy and military of Tartary are developed this year. Farming is the largest industry throughout the nation. The nation continues to develop cities. The population of Tartary continues to become larger. Tartary looks to establish an alliance with Scandinavia. We continue to expand 1000 px northeast. The Emperor position is re-established, and Alexis I becomes the Emperor.
 * Great Perm: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Azov: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bukhara: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bajkal: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Khiva: We build up our military and economy.
 * Kingdom of Parthia: We build up our military and economy.
 * In the Grand Union (Pskov), the GDP rises along with average wages. The Inter-Republic Road network is expanded. The Science and technology aspect of Pskov is not overlooked either. As prosperity in the nation increases, the amount of money and new people investing in institutions of higher learning. As such, the various schools that existed in Nizhegorodsk-Na-Narve unite and form the "University of Nizhegorodsk", beginning a rivalry between it and Pskov. The Pskovians want to encourage immigration from Russia, and are somewhat more successful with the Muscovite serfs, who can move around freely with their landlord's consent. This puts much issues with the leadership of Novgorod and Muscovy, who think Pskov is just looking for a fight. The ruble is becoming more and more used and is becoming the unofficial currency of Russia. The idea of currency reform, to reform it to a decimal system is put out, in order to simplify much trade (even though it is already simple enough with multiples of 20). Zlatobrezhie becomes more and more wealthy as more people get used to over 100 years of Pskovian governance. A gunsmith introduces the first revolver, and it quickly becomes popular with both the officer class. A new bullet is invented, conical inside, and with the advent of industry, rifles become the norm for the Guard regiments, and will soon enter service for the regular forces. Trouble strikes the National Conservative Party, as competing Nationalisms(the Nationalist Faction being one of the forming factions of the NCP) make the NCP members more hostile towards each other. The United Liberals capitalize on the current minor protests, with their main campaign focusing on the fact that all the nations of the Union are stronger together than they are apart, using the folk tale of the Bath broom(where three discordant brothers are brought to their dying father, who tells them to first snap the broom in half, and after all three fail untie it and snap the individual brances) as a symbolf for the union and how it must stand together, and how the National Conservatives, with their rival nationalism, can only drive it apart. Numerous economic arguments are also made, such as larger GDP for larger projects. In any case, elections are called this year, as the NCP's mandate has come to an end. Before that could happen, however,  a fight began between members of the NCP government and the opposition. After security resolved the matter, it was decided that seating would be changed in the General Assembly, and that Non-Affiliated Deputees would sit between the opposition and government blocs, with the Government sitting on the right, and the opposition on the left. Due to growing divides in the Conservative Party, the results of the election are disastrous, and their original plans of gerrymandering are turned against them as competing nationlisms, and the unionist rhetoric of the ULP give the Liberals an edge. The Elections are over, and the NCP no longer has a majority of seats in the Assembly, winning only 471 out of a possible 1000. Luckily, however, the Nationalist party, who won 32 seats, agrees to form a coalition, gaining a marginal majority of 503/1000 seats, but enough to hold onto power. The full results of the Election are as follows: The Government controls 503 seats and is represented by a Coalition of the National Conservative Party (471 seats), and the Nationalist Faction (32 seats). The United Liberal Farty forms the Official Opposition, controling 254 seats. The Government is also opposed by the Industrialist Faction, loosely represented by 54 seats and the Agrarian Faction, loosely represented by 47 seats. One hundred forty two Deputees sit without Affiliation.
 * Andea: The Nationals win elections this year. Kurillianka, age 77, remains on the throne. The Nationals continue to reduce the power of the monarchy and increase the power of the Buenos Noches Congress and Council. Andeans begin to flock to Osea to gain new opportunities in industry and agriculuter. Population stands at 27 million and rising slowly, due to the rapid migration of Andean's away from Andea proper. The Government continues to expand the industry and railroads of the nation, supporting the growth through government aid. The nation continues to lead the Second Hesperian League, and incorporates Osea into the Buenos Noches Council. They are granted six seats, and the size of the council is adjusted acordingly. In Total, 100,000 Andeans enter Osea this year.


 * ​Osean Confederation: The nation is nearly leveled by the war. In Total, 53% of the nations infrastrucutre was destroyed over the course of the 14-year long civil war and almost 1 million civilans where killed. The Population stands at nearly 5.7 million, with more Andeans entering the nation each year. The Mestizo culture begins to take hold in Andea, as the New World and Old World meld together. Osea continues rebuilidng, with the effort being driven by Andean capital. Oseans themselves are treated as equals within Osea, with many local leaders working with the Andeans for the rebuilding effort. Osea itself is dividing into six Republics, under the banner of a confederation. The six Republics are, in decreasing order of population: Osea, Buenos Aires, Uruguay, Cordoba, Bolivia, and Santiago. Plans for two new republics, Granada and Paraguay, are laid out for next year.
 * Andean Overseas Territories: The Falkland Islands, under direct control of the Andean Military, prove to be a strategic location in protecting Vorlayacor's coast line. A military force of 25,000 is stationed on the islands.
 * Kingdom of Apeac: Military, economy and navy improve. Population stands at 400,000, as Andean settlers come in, seeking more land then they can get in their homeland. 4000 militiamen remain activated in the territory. 20,000 Andean military men remain active in the territory. Andean Settlers meet resistance from Mataco raiders, who attack settlements on the frontier. The nation mobilizes against Southern Osea.
 * Vorlayacor: Military, economy and navy improve. The nation sees a massive expansion of its infrastructure, with the Royal family owning much of the nation's infrastructure. Population stands at seven million. Military stands at 25,000 active men, with another 20,000 in reserve. Andean Military bases have 35,000 men stationed.T'
 * Reme: Reme begins to build up its military and economy. After a long, heated discussion of how Reme would be governed, the tribal representatives (as well as notable Byzantine-Borealians) decide to create a republic, with a basic constitution that would be given basic rights to citizens of Reme. After these discussions, a rich Byzantine-Borealian named Stephanos Shawnee, and becomes the first President of Reme. Shawnee starts to upgrade trade and military services. However seeing Reme, a new nation, vulnerable to foreign attack, starts to encourage militarization of the west, and opens up to military alliances with other nations. Meanwhile, trade is improved on, with industrialization, mainly former Byzantine areas slowly being introduced to populous areas. Lumber, cash crops, and other goods become a major export of Reme, and starts getting Reme a jump-start into the European economy. Shawnee also commands the creation of a couple new navy ships, to help modernize the outdated Remian navy. Reme continues it's current expansion into the Michigan peninsula, expanding another 150 pixels into it. Meanwhile, the idea of building coal mines come into mind, especially in the OTL West Virginian area. Coal mining plants are started to be worked on. Reme also starts very slowly changing it's focus to industrial things, with a nation wide railroad being considered to be built. Reme incorporates the French territory of Rouenelle as a province of Reme, with Cahokie being designated as a territory of Reme. With this, French is now declared an official language of Reme, with Greek and French made mandatory for children in Reman schools. Construction in the railroad continues, with the two native states being declared war upon to fix the track and to oust from that area. Jayson Chistakos, a politican, gains popularity, and gains influence thorugout the Republic. He eventually wins the election called for by the population and becomes the first Emperor of Reme. Jayson's first action is to immediately start industrializing river areas, and to mass produce textiles to cheaper the price of Reman cotton products. Jayson also demands that the Mexica border be fortified, since the nation poses a threat to the safety of Reme. Jayson also demands that Reme starts militarializing these areas, as well as the border with Arcadia. Reme also sends a diplomat to Byzantium, who wishes for the nation to recognize the soviernty of Reme and to drop claims to the nation. Reme, along with Algonquia, declares war on Arcadia and invades on another front.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire is now at a period of peace and prosperity after a long period of war and uncertainty. Roman trade routes stretch across most of the world in the pursuit of wealth and trade goods and Roman military might remains a powerful force in Europe and other parts of the world. The Roman central government does what it can to address all of the issues of the various archonates within the Empire and ensure that their needs are met even as they help instill strength in the central government. Railroads are constructed around the nation to help connect the Empire and its peoples and steamships are used for much the same purpose on water. One of the most important railroads constructed in the Empire is the Trans-Imperial Railway, stretching all the way from Patras in Achaea all the way to Alexandria in Egypt. The Railway is immense and not yet completed, but when it is will provide the people of the Empire a cheaper and safer means of travel to the various regions of the Empire as well as increase commerce and military deployment. Despite this success, the Empire continues to worry about some of its more restive or vulnerable archonates, and makes efforts to help solve that. A fort is constructed in Lutriwita, military garrisons are established in Syria, and a new harbor is constructed in Antillia. Because of the protests, a new political party is formed called the Fascist party, after mobs of protestors walk with fasces in hand. The party soon springs to dominance, obtaining a large portion of the Senate in elections.
 * Lutriwita: The colony was relatively unaffected by the war, and as such life more or less continued on normally, although contact with the Empire was much less often than before. As such, the colony developed a sense of nationalism and independence in very much the same way that the other archonates did during the war. Luckily, the government in Constantinople realizes this and offers them the same representation rights that the archonates are now given in the Imperial Senate. This does much to ease any of the potential political issues at the present time.
 * Italy: Italy begins to recover from the war, and the local military and economy continues to grow and stabilize in the aftermath. The economy is largely built up with help from the central government, as the entire economy is in shambles and the central government is doing its best to help the entire Empire grow and interconnect better through economics. The Roman government begins a major drive to help improve the region and reinforce its control. Forts are constructed around major cities like Naples, Rome, and Florence and a line of border posts and fortifications are constructed along the border with Lombardy. Railroads are constructed from Bari in the south to Ravenna in the north, connecting the two parts of the country together and easing travel for both civilians and military across the land.
 * Syria: The former capital region proves to be a considerable issue for the Roman occupation forces, as the region is full of Muslims but also a significant quantity of Christians. Roman forces establish themselves in the city of Antioch, which houses the largest Christian community of Syria, and from there they use military and economic power to heal the land and expand Roman control over taxation, military patrols, and infrastructure rebuilding. The population begins to see major changes since the fall of the Damascans. Many Muslims have either fled the area or have converted by this time, althouth there is still a sizable number of Muslims still living in Syria as well as other areas. Syrian Christians are integrated into the local government to help govern the area, and while many are opposed, a few Muslims are as well.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 100 sq km among both colonies into the Galapago Islands called Illes d'Neptune. The colonies continue growing as expected. The colony of Nouvelle Rouen continues to expand inland throughout the land corridor given by Cahokie by 9800 sq km. Mining continues in the colony of Nouvelle Orleans. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The king is outraged, for such freedom given to the Rhenish kingdom so much betrayal! In an act of sheer punishment he declares an all-out war against the rebels and the nobles he dispatches a coalition army of around 400,000 troops (from all around the empire) to quell the uprising. in the now called French Borealia, the displacement of small Spanish settlements begin, offering a free ride for them to return back into Castile, and exchange or sell their possessions in the colonies or swear allegiance to the King. Trinity colony expands by 700 sq km, a local uprising begins in Nouvelle Orleans city (OTL Cartagena de las Indias, Colombia) it soon spreads through the country to Coucut (OTL Cucuta) Sableville (in Falcon Venezuela) and St Joseph d'Bacatte (OTL Bogota) and Basse Nubou (shortened Nouvelle Bourdeaux, OTL Bucaramanga). Demanding the lowering of the taxes in the colony, and the granting of local self ruling, the King considers it, making a promise to do so within the next 30 years, thinking it to be far enough for the promise to be forgotten. The government agrees on giving the Californian state or region self rule recognizing its own right to determine its destiny, however, remaining a territory of the Borealian Domain. The colony of Emeraldia is given free state status with the official name of Etat-livre du Nouvelle Orleans.
 * Kingdom of Rhenanie: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Kingdom of Lower Burgundy: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Sardinia-Corsica: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The Sardinian language has lowered its usage to only 10% of the population of Sardinia (roughly 50,000 people) with the speaking African (43%) and French (38%) or Vandalian (9% African Rhenish German dialect) and with the vast majority being able to speak both African and French (that is more or less 85% of the nation's population). The population is stable at 500,000 people.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The African language has become the de facto leading language surpassing every other (outside of French) being spoken by the 2.3 million people living in the country as either native or second language. Vandalian, however, dominates area of Tripolitania's coast with a population of around 5000 speakers in the region. French is still the main language officially. Trading outposts begin to be made in the border of the country to trade with Tuareg and inland tribes. Sends supplies to the Rhenish War.
 * French Mali: Due to vast piracy campaigns which France and Spain have contributed to has resulted in many pirate coves in the Bissagos Islands, and as a result a larger influx of Frenchmen arrived this year, though they still don't even make up 1% yet. Ports continue to expand appropriately and the region becomes a place worth note on many maps. Roads continue being built to outlying villages and plantations continue being built.
 * Artois: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure and navy are built up. The nation prepares an army for the conflict in Britannia.
 * Free City of Danzig: The military, economy, infrastructure, and navy are built up, Danzig asks for an alliance with the current Prussian and Polish government.
 * In Aragon the nation continues to prosper as a center of the arts and learning. The construction of new buildings, roads and other infrastructure continues. Aragonese merchants and emissaries continue to sail around the world to expand the reach of Aragon in terms of wealth and diplomatic connections. Aragon also becomes a place where artists and intellectual minds meet and do things. It is cool. Due to the regrowth of the economy, new jobs created in the three major cities lead to more people moving to the cities. Stronger cements are produced, whatever that means, leading to the construction of some taller buildings, especially in the major cities such as Zaragoza and Valencia. A rail link between Zaragoza and Madrid is proposed. With the advent of steam power, factories begin to be built and stuff. Textile mills, cloth factories and other places begin to harness steam power to do more things faster, which creates more jobs that people move to cities to get. Industrialization is gaining speed. The construction of ships and weaponry continues.

1856
The first Neanderthal remains are discovered in Neanderthal Valley, Germany.

James Walker in Britannia begins his work on genetics.


 * United German Kingdoms: New Mecklenburg in OTL Australia expands by 750 px. In Hamburg, 1856 will go down as the "Year of the Three Kings". First, King Karl III dies in a hunting accident in May. Some believe that it was the result of a plot by his ambitious brother, Ferdinand von Hamburg. It may never be known, because before the new King Ferdinand II can even take the Kings Oath, his carriage crashes into the Elbe, drowning him. His death leaves the throne to Karl III's seventeen year old daughter, Mary. Under the strictest possible guard, she travels to Hanover, and successfully takes the Kings Oath, and is officially crowned King Mary. She begins her rule by authorizing a proposal to Emperor Conrad to extend the Oldenburg-Osnabruck railroad to Frankfurt.
 * Oldenburger Diplomacy Conrad sends his best wishes to the new Queen, and accepts the proposal. He also sends his grandson Alberich (second son of the Crown Prince), who is about Mary's age, to her Royal Court.


 * Sultanate of Bengal: Sultan Mahmud Shah I was proclaimed the Sultan of the Sultanate of Bengal on 1810, and he initiated his rule over the Sultanate soon after. The Bengali population rose about 80.2 million, mostly due to the large influx of Bengali immigrants coming from former Bengali crown vassals, for the economic opportunity was on the rise. The Empire officially began a reform of the economic system looking to bail the economy out of crisis from war debt, and the bullion was geared toward giving the empire a competitive edge in being able to invest millions on a whim in order to drive up investments and production. A new and strict tax system was established, based off the Sharia law, a decision lauded by the largely conservative populace. The monarchy also implemented a new currency system which was to be the well-regulated silver-based Bengali Tanki. Meanwhile, the Bengali military was divided into a Naval Force, Land Force and an Imperial Guard with each having their appointed head, answerable to the Sultan. The Bengali navy experimented its first ironclads and began further development of its new larger classes of steam engine ships, churning out first rate flagships for various fleets, and more third rates, and fourth rates with the occasional second rate to augment the smaller patrol fleets, the fifth and sixth rates began to become more standard as light and medium frigates for singular voyages and patrols among other things. For the land force, a standardized army of roughly 300,000 was raised with soldiers armed with modern rifles and with cannons to be used as the ideal seige equipment. The infantry was also equipped with daggers and swords, although the latter were usually ceremonial. The land forces acted to prevent any foreign incursion into Bengal whilst the Imperial Guard existed to thwart any attempt by revolutionaries to abolish the Sultanate. Given the lack of supply of armaments from Europe, many armament companies were established at local as well as national level which served national interests, as they actively engaged in production of firearms. In agriculture was the largest economic focus of Bengal, selling such goods as rice, wheat, maize, potatoes, indigo, opium, wheat, cannabis and other crops to European merchants as well as Indian. However, jute and muslin in particular, served as the most important exports of Bengal given the general need for such in Europe. The flocking of populations to Bengal coastal cities continued, with a mass increase of population in Visakhapatnam, Calcutta, Bhubaneswar, and various other minor cities and townships throughout the south. Of particular importance was the city of Calcutta which was established as the new capital of Bengal, replacing Pandua. Thus, with the constant inflow of manpower towards the coast, the Sultanate expanded upon its shipbuilding and fishery industry, and actively exploited the riches of the Bay of Bengal as it had been established as a virtual Bengali lake, with little to no opposition faced from Burma or Vijaynagar. Indeed, Bengal served as the principle centres of industry in the world. Along the same time, the Bengali Renaissance was in full swing with movements such as the Young Bengal movement established that espoused rationalism and atheism as the common denominators of civil conduct amongst the educated masses. The monarchy generally co-operated with the upholders of the renaissance, and brought forth social reforms in order to disband various backward practices such as belief in 'Priests' possessing powers which was termed shirk. Along the same time, education and scientific research was promoted amongst the masses, with schools and colleges constructed throughout the Sultanate. International-standard universities were also constructed at Kolkata, Pauda, Gaur and Visakhapatnam in order for Bengal to advance ahead of other Indian states and maintain a particular pace as the world entered into the stage of industrialization. However, it was the Bengali literature that reached its Golden Age with hundreds of poets and scholars sprouting throughout the Sultanate. The Sultanate itself promoted Urdu as well as Bengali, however it was generally the former which entered into its zenith since Urdu was largely used amongst the elites. The positive attitude of the populace towards industrialization aided in promoting it, with a railroad and telephone system established which connected the Sultanate and eased transportation and communication. Along the same time, Bengali influence steadily grew in Jaunpur with extensive co-operation and trade between the two states. The marriage between Huma Khan Lodi and Timur Ashraf Shah takes place. Along the same time, plans are made to extend the Bengal-Bahamani railroad system to Udaipur. [Mil/Eco Turn]
 * Khedivate of Bahamani: Prince Imran Ashraf Shah married the daughter of Ibrahim Adil Shah, establishing a dynastic union between Bahamani and Bengal. The population of Bahamani stood at 25.1 million. Under their rule, construction for a new capital at Hyderabad was initiated. The Bengali Tanki was also imposed upon Bahamani as the new currency, and the trans-railroad system established in Bengal was extended into Bahamani. The Bahamani military was modernized, standing at roughly 80,000 and a major port and naval base was constructed at Mahmudpur, the latter which would act to maintain Bengali presence in the Arabian Sea. In the economic sector, rice played the role as a major food crop to be exported. However, other important crops such as cotton, sugar cane, mango and tobacco maintained a major presence in Bahamanis exports as well. Along the same time, the Bahamani textile industry reached new heights.
 * Korea: Korea continues to build up its military. Meanwhile, more Taoist, Neo-Confucian and Buddhist temples are built. Taoism rises in popularity and gains more followers. Regular (read: not Imperial) Shinto gains a few more followers as well, mainly along the coastline in Southeastern Korea, particularly in Busan, Jejudo, Ulsan, and the coastal cities and coastal towns of Southern Gyeongsang Province. Mahayana Tao-Shintoism also continues to grow, and begins gaining followers from the areas where Shinto is growing, with some Shintoists switching to Mahayana Tao-Shintoism. The military in the colony of Haejagang (해자강) continues to be on high alert and continues to heavily patrol the Korean settlements.
 * The Caliphate drastically develops military and the economy of the nation. We begin to construct the nation to its previous extent and glory. In addition to this endeavour, we start to garrison more men on our eastern borders, in addition to our border with the Roman Empire. Also, we try to influence the Persian Gulf trade to our control, in opposition to the Persians. We improve Mecca every year, donating a significant part of our treasury to the Holy City. As our steady population increases, so does our economy. A significant number of ships are built for our fleet. As we also begin to modernize our army, we improve the many cities of the Caliphate, specifically in Yemen and Iraq. We invade the Zand Dynasty again, hoping to collapse their illegitamate regieme over Persia.
 * Duchy of Oldenburg: Work continues frantically on the twin Imperial Parliament buildings, as Duke-Emperor Conrad's greatest wish is to live long enough to open them both. The Oldenburg-Osnabruck Railway Line is completed! It is officially opened by Crown Prince Dietrich, who has been filling in for his ageing father of late. Economy improves.
 * Tibet: Tech and military grow. more rights given. Not much else.
 * Andea: The Nationals win elections this year. Kurillianka, age 77, remains on the throne. The Nationals continue to reduce the power of the monarchy and increase the power of the Buenos Noches Congress and Council. Andeans begin to flock to Osea to gain new opportunities in industry and agriculuter. Population stands at 28 million and rising slowly, due to the rapid migration of Andean's away from Andea proper. The Government continues to expand the industry and railroads of the nation, supporting the growth through government aid. The nation continues to lead the Second Hesperian League, and incorporates Osea into the Buenos Noches Council. They are granted six seats, and the size of the council is adjusted acordingly. In Total, 100,000 Andeans enter Osea this year.
 * ​Osean Confederation: The nation is nearly leveled by the war. In Total, 53% of the nations infrastrucutre was destroyed over the course of the 14-year long civil war and almost one million civilans where killed. The Population stands at nearly 5.8 million, with more Andeans entering the nation each year. The Mestizo culture begins to take hold in Andea, as the New World and Old World meld together. Osea continues rebuilidng, with the effort being driven by Andean capital. Oseans themselves are treated as equals within Osea, with many local leaders working with the Andeans for the rebuilding effort. Osea itself is dividing into 8 Republics, under the banner of a confederation. The 8 Republics are, in decreasing order of population: Osea, Buenos Aires, Uruguay, Cordoba, Bolivia, Granada,  Santiago and Paraguay. We offer to deport Spanarids from the nation, free of charge, to Aragon or Castile.
 * Andean Overseas Territories: The Falkland Islands, under direct control of the Andean Military, prove to be a strategic location in protecting Vorlayacor's coast line. A military force of 35,000 is stationed on the islands.
 * Kingdom of Apeac: Military, economy and navy improve. Population stands at 400,000, as Andean settlers come in, seeking more land then they can get in their homeland. 4000 militiamen remain activated in the territory. 20,000 Andean military men remain active in the territory. Andean Settlers meet resistance from Mataco raiders, who attack settlements on the frontier. The nation mobilizes against Southern Osea.
 * Vorlayacor: Military, economy and navy improve. The nation sees a massive expansion of its infrastructure, with the Royal family owning much of the nation's infrastructure. Population stands at seven million. Military stands at 25,000 active men, with another 20,000 in reserve. Andean military bases have 35,000 men stationed. A push for separation between Andea and the Vorlayacor people begins, with a small nationalist group forming in the Nation. The Mapuche Nationalist Front is formed.
 * Morocco: The Kingdom of Morocco continues to improve its economy, infrastructure and build up its military. Morocco continues to westernize the nation and population continues to grow. The nation expands by 10,000 sq km to keep it stronger and be independent, with a few new cities built and roads built between old and new cities. More schools and houses are built and technology improves as well. Industry continues improved to be one of best works in Morocco, mostly new are built in largest populated areas of Morocco. Sunni Islam rises in popularity and gains more followers. The country is home to three major Berber languages of the family: Tarifit, Tamazight and Tashelhit. Berber has lived in Morocco for 2100 years, until Arabic came into use as before official language of Morocco before 1856. Now the Moroccan government, one of the Berber languages, Tamazight, has accepted to become an official language and Moroccan Arabic is removed from the list as Persia did.
 * Croatian Archvoivodeship (Hrvatsko Nadvojvodstvo): Sewerage systems similar to Ragusan ones are built in major towns of the Archvoivodeship. With growing Ragusan influence, and the beginning of further colonization, the navy expands rapidly using much of the Ragusan expertise. Moreover, with the influx of new resources in form of lumber, labour and metals, the navy begins expanding at a fast rate. More and more ships capable of crossing the Atlantic with ease are built. The Sabor intends to restore the glorious naval culture of the Neretva peoples and plans to do so by expanding the navy. The kravata (tie) is more and more used as an accessory. Trade routes are  strengthened and the salt mines around Tuzla are explored as well as the salt industry in Pag and Nin. Using irrigation from the Danube, Sava, Drava, Drina, Cetina, Una, Vrbaš, Kupa, Neretva and other rivers the fields in the kingdom are developed, used for crops such as wheat, rye and barley. With trade routes increasing and Croatia entering an era of peace and of stability, the development of new trade ships is issued. Stone mining is furthered as well as the timber industry. The need for these resources rises as urbanization carries on. Iron ores in Dugopolje, Zenice and at last the 'mud' ore in Vojvodina and eastern Slavonia are to be exploited alongside the silver and copper ores more frequently and of better quality than the iron ores. The exploitation of iron ores in the Lika and Gorski kotar areas continues. The salt industry in Ston is funded by the government. The influx of resources from Dahomey aids the economy. However, the government makes sure that the gold arriving isn't immediately put on the market in order to control the inflation in the worth of gold. The silver mine in Srebrenica is mined. The administrative reform continues. Kotor Saraka (Adelaide) continues to expand. The conquest of Sukadang begins.
 * Županija Dahomey: The natural resources are quickly put to use, such as coconuts, cotton both refined and raw as well as the gold. Finally, the wood industry prospers as materials are needed for new ships that would help keep the connection between Croatia and Dahomey strong.
 * Isles of the Archvoivodeship (Otoci Nadvojvodstva): The infrastructure is built up.
 * Županija of Hercules Pillars' (Županija Herkulovih Stupova): The županija's pivotal position as a trade nod creates an a sufficite allowing for the economy to expand.
 * Priština Voivodeship (Prištinsko Vojvodstvo): Due to the focus on the regional denominations of the nation, the Serbian national sense slowly suffers.
 * Carantanian Voivodeship (Karantansko Vojvodstvo): Being Alpine Slavic nation, the leaders begin a programme to create a standardized Carantanian language that will reflect on both the Slavic and Alpine (Germanic) aspects of Carantania.
 * Tartary: The economy and military of Tartary are developed this year. Farming is the largest industry throughout the nation. The nation continues to develop cities. The population of Tartary continues to become larger. Tartary looks to establish an alliance with Scandinavia. We continue to expand 1000 px northeast. The Emperor position is re-established, and Alexis I becomes the Emperor.
 * Great Perm: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Azov: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bukhara: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bajkal: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Khiva: We build up our military and economy.
 * Kingdom of Parthia: We build up our military and economy.
 * Mexaca mounts an invasion of California, in the hopes of securing a coast. Several warships are used to try to defeat the enemy navy, and 30,000 men are attacking. We ask for an alliance with Andean.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire is now at a period of peace and prosperity after a long period of war and uncertainty. Roman trade routes stretch across most of the world in the pursuit of wealth and trade goods and Roman military might remains a powerful force in Europe and other parts of the world. The Roman central government does what it can to address all of the issues of the various archonates within the Empire and ensure that their needs are met even as they help instill strength in the central government. Railroads are constructed around the nation to help connect the Empire and its peoples and steamships are used for much the same purpose on water. One of the most important railroads constructed in the Empire is the Trans-Imperial Railway, stretching all the way from Patras in Achaea all the way to Alexandria in Egypt. The Railway is immense and not yet completed, but when it is will provide the people of the Empire a cheaper and safer means of travel to the various regions of the Empire as well as increase commerce and military deployment. Despite this success, the Empire continues to worry about some of its more restive or vulnerable archonates, and makes efforts to help solve that. A fort is constructed in Lutriwita, military garrisons are established in Syria, and a new harbor is constructed in Antillia. Because of the protests, a new political party is formed called the Fascist party, after mobs of protestors walk with fasces in hand. The party soon springs to dominance, obtaining a large portion of the Senate in elections.
 * Lutriwita: The colony was relatively unaffected by the war, and as such life more or less continued on normally, although contact with the Empire was much less often than before. As such, the colony developed a sense of nationalism and independence in very much the same way that the other archonates did during the war. Luckily, the government in Constantinople realizes this and offers them the same representation rights that the archonates are now given in the Imperial Senate. This does much to ease any of the potential political issues at the present time.
 * Italy: Italy begins to recover from the war, and the local military and economy continues to grow and stabilize in the aftermath. The economy is largely built up with help from the central government, as the entire economy is in shambles and the central government is doing its best to help the entire Empire grow and interconnect better through economics. The Roman government begins a major drive to help improve the region and reinforce its control. Forts are constructed around major cities like Naples, Rome, and Florence and a line of border posts and fortifications are constructed along the border with Lombardy. Railroads are constructed from Bari in the south to Ravenna in the north, connecting the two parts of the country together and easing travel for both civilians and military across the land.
 * Syria: The former capital region proves to be a considerable issue for the Roman occupation forces, as the region is full of Muslims but also a significant quantity of Christians. Roman forces establish themselves in the city of Antioch, which houses the largest Christian community of Syria, and from there they use military and economic power to heal the land and expand Roman control over taxation, military patrols, and infrastructure rebuilding. The population begins to see major changes since the fall of the Damascans. Many Muslims have either fled the area or have converted by this time, althouth there is still a sizable number of Muslims still living in Syria as well as other areas. Syrian Christians are integrated into the local government to help govern the area, and while many are opposed, a few Muslims are as well.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 100 sq km among both colonies into the Galapago Islands called Illes d'Neptune. The colonies continue growing as expected. The colony of Nouvelle Rouen continues to expand inland throughout the land corridor given by Cahokie by 9800 sq km. Mining continues in the colony of Nouvelle Orleans. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The king is outraged, for such freedom given to the Rhenish kingdom so much betrayal! In an act of sheer punishment he declares an all-out war against the rebels and the nobles he dispatches a coalition army of around 400,000 troops (from all around the empire) to quell the uprising. in the now called French Borealia, the displacement of small Spanish settlements begin, offering a free ride for them to return back into Castile, and exchange or sell their possessions in the colonies or swear allegiance to the King. Trinity colony expands by 700 sq km, a local uprising begins in Nouvelle Orleans city (OTL Cartagena de las Indias, Colombia) it soon spreads through the country to Coucut (OTL Cucuta) Sableville (in Falcon Venezuela) and St Joseph d'Bacatte (OTL Bogota) and Basse Nubou (shortened Nouvelle Bourdeaux, OTL Bucaramanga). Demanding the lowering of the taxes in the colony, and the granting of local self ruling, the King considers it, making a promise to do so within the next 30 years, thinking it to be far enough for the promise to be forgotten. The government agrees on giving the Californian state or region self rule recognizing its own right to determine its destiny, however, remaining a territory of the Borealian Domain. The colony of Emeraldia is given free state status with the official name of Etat-livre du Nouvelle Orleans.
 * Kingdom of Rhenanie: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Kingdom of Lower Burgundy: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Sardinia-Corsica: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The Sardinian language has lowered its usage to only 10% of the population of Sardinia (roughly 50,000 people) with the speaking African (43%) and French (38%) or Vandalian (9% African Rhenish German dialect) and with the vast majority being able to speak both African and French (that is more or less 85% of the nation's population). The population is stable at 500,000 people.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The African language has become the de facto leading language surpassing every other (outside of French) being spoken by the 2.3 million people living in the country as either native or second language. Vandalian, however, dominates area of Tripolitania's coast with a population of around 5000 speakers in the region. French is still the main language officially. Trading outposts begin to be made in the border of the country to trade with Tuareg and inland tribes. Sends supplies to the Rhenish War.
 * French Mali: Due to vast piracy campaigns which France and Spain have contributed to has resulted in many pirate coves in the Bissagos Islands, and as a result a larger influx of Frenchmen arrived this year, though they still don't even make up 1% yet. Ports continue to expand appropriately and the region becomes a place worth note on many maps. Roads continue being built to outlying villages and plantations continue being built.
 * Artois: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure and navy are built up. The nation prepares an army for the conflict in Britannia.
 * Free City of Danzig: The military, economy, infrastructure, and navy are built up, Danzig asks for an alliance with the current Prussian and Polish government.
 * BoraliaFlag.pngCommonwealth of Borealia: Both the military and economy improve. The continual industrial revolution has led to an increasing birth rate. Recent theories on economics and agriculture have led to the expansion of businesses at an exponential rate, including various forms of manufacturing, mining and printing. Machines using steam power are also popular, as the first factories appear. Some of these businesses are also internationally based, buying and selling to the neighboring colonies of France, Britain, and Scandinavia, as well as the sovereign states of Reme, Arcadia, Aragon, Algonquia and Germany. The most productive of these businesses is the buffalo industry, monopolized by a few companies based in Kristallstadt (OTL Salt Lake City). The professional army and cavalry are continually trained, while the forts on both borders are expanded and new artillery is manufactured. Rifles are now standard equipment across the military. Caravels and frigates fitted with steam engines are constructed while coastal merchant trade expands across the Pacific, particularly in Hawaii. The University of New Vienna continues to produce new intellectuals and engineers. Railroads for steam engines begin to be built to span many cities across the plains. As military and diplomatic support is sent to Reme, the curia also offers to mass manufacture raw materials from them and sell bison products. A massive amount of gold is struck in California, followed by a second wave in Alaska three months later. By the end of the year, the economy of San Francisco begins to rival that of Kristallstadt, and the immigrant population of Alaska continues to climb. We request to purchase the colony of New Bavaria for 1.8 million Reichsthalers, utilizing the gold obtained from California. The Romanesque movement gains great momentum in the urban communities, setting themselves as counter to the culture of Borealianism. Some politicians worry that they might be a threat to society, but even some anthropologists are re-evaluating their claims.
 * Ruthenia: The Ruthenians continue to make infrastructure repairs and upgrades to their new territory. The Tartar architecture of the East continues to influence the Ruthenians.

1857

 * Sultanate of Bengal: Sultan Mahmud Shah I was proclaimed the Sultan of the Sultanate of Bengal on 1810, and he initiated his rule over the Sultanate soon after. The Bengali population rose about 80.2 million, mostly due to the large influx of Bengali immigrants coming from former Bengali crown vassals, for the economic opportunity was on the rise. The Empire officially began a reform of the economic system looking to bail the economy out of crisis from war debt, and the bullion was geared toward giving the empire a competitive edge in being able to invest millions on a whim in order to drive up investments and production. A new and strict tax system was established, based off the Sharia law, a decision lauded by the largely conservative populace. The monarchy also implemented a new currency system which was to be the well-regulated silver-based Bengali Tanki. Meanwhile, the Bengali military was divided into a Naval Force, Land Force and an Imperial Guard with each having their appointed head, answerable to the Sultan. The Bengali navy experimented its first ironclads and began further development of its new larger classes of steam engine ships, churning out first rate flagships for various fleets, and more third rates, and fourth rates with the occasional second rate to augment the smaller patrol fleets, the fifth and sixth rates began to become more standard as light and medium frigates for singular voyages and patrols among other things. For the land force, a standardized army of roughly 300,000 was raised with soldiers armed with modern rifles and with cannons to be used as the ideal seige equipment. The infantry was also equipped with daggers and swords, although the latter were usually ceremonial. The land forces acted to prevent any foreign incursion into Bengal whilst the Imperial Guard existed to thwart any attempt by revolutionaries to abolish the Sultanate. Given the lack of supply of armaments from Europe, many armament companies were established at local as well as national level which served national interests, as they actively engaged in production of firearms. In agriculture was the largest economic focus of Bengal, selling such goods as rice, wheat, maize, potatoes, indigo, opium, wheat, cannabis and other crops to European merchants as well as Indian. However, jute and muslin in particular, served as the most important exports of Bengal given the general need for such in Europe. The flocking of populations to Bengal coastal cities continued, with a mass increase of population in Visakhapatnam, Calcutta, Bhubaneswar, and various other minor cities and townships throughout the south. Of particular importance was the city of Calcutta which was established as the new capital of Bengal, replacing Pandua. Thus, with the constant inflow of manpower towards the coast, the Sultanate expanded upon its shipbuilding and fishery industry, and actively exploited the riches of the Bay of Bengal as it had been established as a virtual Bengali lake, with little to no opposition faced from Burma or Vijaynagar. Indeed, Bengal served as the principle centres of industry in the world. Along the same time, the Bengali Renaissance was in full swing with movements such as the Young Bengal movement established that espoused rationalism and atheism as the common denominators of civil conduct amongst the educated masses. The monarchy generally co-operated with the upholders of the renaissance, and brought forth social reforms in order to disband various backward practices such as belief in 'Priests' possessing powers which was termed shirk. Along the same time, education and scientific research was promoted amongst the masses, with schools and colleges constructed throughout the Sultanate. International-standard universities were also constructed at Kolkata, Pauda, Gaur and Visakhapatnam in order for Bengal to advance ahead of other Indian states and maintain a particular pace as the world entered into the stage of industrialization. However, it was the Bengali literature that reached its Golden Age with hundreds of poets and scholars sprouting throughout the Sultanate. The Sultanate itself promoted Urdu as well as Bengali, however it was generally the former which entered into its zenith since Urdu was largely used amongst the elites. The positive attitude of the populace towards industrialization aided in promoting it, with a railroad and telephone system established which connected the Sultanate and eased transportation and communication. Along the same time, Bengali influence steadily grew in Jaunpur with extensive co-operation and trade between the two states. [Mil/Eco Turn]
 * Khedivate of Bahamani: Prince Imran Ashraf Shah married the daughter of Ibrahim Adil Shah, establishing a dynastic union between Bahamani and Bengal. The population of Bahamani stood at 25.1 million. Under their rule, construction for a new capital at Hyderabad was initiated. The Bengali Tanki was also imposed upon Bahamani as the new currency, and the trans-railroad system established in Bengal was extended into Bahamani. The Bahamani military was modernized, standing at roughly 80,000 and a major port and naval base was constructed at Mahmudpur, the latter which would act to maintain Bengali presence in the Arabian Sea. In the economic sector, rice played the role as a major food crop to be exported. However, other important crops such as cotton, sugar cane, mango and tobacco maintained a major presence in Bahamanis exports as well. Along the same time, the Bahamani textile industry reached new heights.
 * Korea: Korea continues to build up its military. Meanwhile, more Taoist, Neo-Confucian and Buddhist temples are built. Taoism rises in popularity and gains more followers. Regular (read: not Imperial) Shinto gains a few more followers as well, mainly along the coastline in Southeastern Korea, particularly in Busan, Jejudo, Ulsan, and the coastal cities and coastal towns of Southern Gyeongsang Province. Mahayana Tao-Shintoism also continues to grow, and begins gaining followers from the areas where Shinto is growing, with some Shintoists switching to Mahayana Tao-Shintoism. The military in the colony of Haejagang (해자강) continues to be on high alert and continues to heavily patrol the Korean settlements.
 * Ruthenia: The Ruthenians continue to make infrastructure repairs and upgrades to their new territory. The Tartar architecture of the East continues to influence the Ruthenians.
 * Nordic Union: The economy and military of Scandinavia and Britannia improves this year. Import/export businesses in Denmark, Sweden and Norway bring in a considerable amount of income. Urbanization in London leads to rapid industrialization of southern Britannia. This also happens in Copenhagen and Oslo. While Oslo celebrates the explosion of population, Copenhagen starts seeing overcrowding issues. Incentives to resettle in Finnish and Icelandic areas are enacted. Scandinavia and Britannia's chief exports include iron, wood, and other construction materiel, a commodity that is vastly growing in necessity as urbanization increases throughout Europe. Militaries in Europe purchase Nordic iron for ships and weapons. The Scandinavian colonies are a source of even more lumber. The British colonies, in the meantime, provide bountiful food for the Nordic Union. Resources such as pelts bring in massive amounts of profit for Scandinavia, both due to intranational trading and international trading. Scandinavia exports resources such as textiles, dyes and foodstuffs from its trading partners. Interest in coffee plants rises among nobles as the drink becomes more popular among the population of Scandinvia, especially in the upper class and in the aristocracy. Though the bean is expensive to Scandinavia, coffee sales spike. Indonesian powers are offered exclusive trade deals for coffee in exchange for discounted, high-quality wood and iron. Scandinavia retains its alliances with Pskov, the Roman Empire, and many other nations. These alliances are celebrated in the Scandinavian and British courts. The ports in Iceland and London are expanded to accommodate more ships. Education in Scandinavia continues to improve. The literacy rate is steadily increasing as public schools are built throughout the nation. The population of Scandinavia continues to explode as well. Urbanization, more food supplies, better census data, and other factors are all leading to a spike in population. Scandinavia's population is expected to reach twenty million by 1830. While this increase in population does come with benefits, it has its drawbacks as well. In political news, the House of Scandinavia-Britannia continues to remain in charge of Scandinavia. The Riksdag is dominated by this royal house. Scandinavia wishes to become closer to the Dutch. Centuries ago, the Northern Trading Pact had solidified British, Scandinavian and Dutch relations alike. In the meantime, Scandinavia continues vassalizing |onte (or whatever big bubble is right above it). Socialist and Republican sentiment grows in Scandinavia, especially in Finland.
 * Durbin: The colony of Durbin expands along the western coast of Australia from the former settlement that crashed there so long ago. With contact and resources flowing in from Scandinavia-Britannia, a minor boom is witnessed (colony expands 1000 sq km south along western coast).
 * Eire: The Irish continue to expand their navy and army, even more so due to the strains in Europe.
 * Ghana: More troops are raised from locals. Military and infrastructure are expanded. Most locals now see themselves as loyal British citizens and now fully vote and represent the colonies, Ghana becomes the first Brittannic colony to invoke near self rule, with little regulation from the homeland due to the mutual respect from the others. Any separatist movements are largely ignored.
 * Helluland: The military and economy are improved. Helluland expands by 10,000 sq km this year. Helluland is responsible for the production of furs in the Scandinavian Empire, generating much profit for the colony.
 * Hondeklip: The military of this African colony expands. In the meantime, Hondeklip expands by 1000 sq km.
 * Iceland: The military and economy are improved. Iceland is an important port for northern Europeans. Due to the large amounts of trade flowing into Icelandic ports, the population of Iceland increases. Iceland begins to expand its outpost on Greenland by 20,000 sq km this year. The iron mines in Iceland lead to several entrepreneurs flocking to Iceland in the interest of expanding their personal fortunes.
 * Karelia: The military and economy expand. Karelia has been in the Scandinavian realm for centuries now. It is the location of many important fortresses, namely Castle Vyborg. Karelia is a massive source of iron for Scandinavia. Trade with Russia and Pskov flows through Karelia during the summer months.
 * New Zealand: The military and economy expand.
 * Port Edmundburg: Expands by 1000 sq km south and east down the coast. The African colonists begin looking toward mining and other ventures to generate profit. A new newspaper, the first in a colony, is founded, called the Edmundburg Report. The slave trade begins to boom as exploitation of local minerals reaches a high amount. Slaves are sent to the New World to help boost production.
 * Schleswig: The military and economy are expanded. Schleswig has been a vassal of the Scandinavian Empire for quite some time. All land routes into Scandinavia go through this vassal, meaning Schleswig is one of Scandinavia's wealthiest vassals.
 * Scotland: Expands navy and military. The Edinburgh Stock Exchange continues to do well. The Emperor visits Glasgow for the wedding of noblewoman Cassandra De' Levae, wife of the Duke of Westminster in a surprise visit keen on proving that he is open to reconciliation with the House of Hamburg.
 * Duchy of Oldenburg: The two Imperial Houses of parliament are completed this year! On the anniversary of his election as Holy Roman Emperor, Duke Conrad makes the solemn journey from the Osnabruck House to the Frankfurt House, opening each in turn. Work begins on extending the Oldenburg-Osnabruck Railway to Frankfurt. Later in the year, Conrad's health starts to deteriorate, and it is gradually accepted that he is nearing the end. In other news, scientists at the University of Osnabruck come into possession of a plaster cast of a "Neanderthal man" skull, sparking much academic discussion.
 * Algonquia, having successfully occupied most of Arcadia, annexes the majority of the territory it has gained. To reduce administrative costs, Odawa is also annexed. The remainder of the territory, along the Atlantic, is transformed into the vassal of L'nu. With most of the ethnic Europeans having fled the advancing Algonquian troops, their fear exacerbated by deliberately spread rumours of savagery, their property is seized and bought by the Algonquian government for a pittance. Most of this land is redistributed to the local native populations. Various techniques are employed to encourage the remaining European populations to emigrate to Reme, Newfoundland or back to Europe. The local Iroquois, Mi'kmaq and Cree populations are supportive of the new government, and are provided with seats in the Council of Sachems. Arms are also confiscated from the Europeans and distributed to native Borealians, while a tax is instituted on "supporters of the imperialists" (namely, Europeans). 20,000 troops remain in occupation of the new territories, backed by a local militia of 15,000. Construction of a new, more central capital at Nemiscau begins.
 * The new vassal of L'nu is created from territory taken from Arcadia. With the High Sachem installed as L'nu Emperor, the local population, or at least the natives, are supportive. Native and European populations are about equal, and many Europeans move into the territory as policies are somewhat more tolerant. A local military, made up entirely of Mi'kmaq, is created, numbering 12,000.
 * Mexaca continues invading California, and again asks Andean for an alliance.