Great power (For Want of a Telegram)

A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own. International relations theorists have posited that great power status can be characterized into power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions.

While some nations are widely considered to be great powers, there is no definitive list of them. Sometimes the status of great powers is formally recognized in conferences such as the or the United Nations Security Council (Japan, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States serve as the body's five permanent members). Accordingly, the status of great powers has also been formally and informally recognised in forums such as the G7 and the now defunct G8.

The term "great power" was first used to represent the most important powers in Europe during the post- era. The "Great Powers" constituted the "" and claimed the right to joint enforcement of the postwar treaties. The formalization of the division between small powers and great powers came about with the signing of the in 1814. Since then, the international balance of power has shifted numerous times, most dramatically during World War I and World War II. In literature, alternative terms for great power are often world power or major power, but these terms can also be interchangeable with superpower.

Great Powers by Date
List of the great powers since the outbreak of World War I in 1914.

1914
Austria-Hungary British Empire France Germany Italy Japan Russia Ottoman Empire United States

1919
British Empire Germany Hungary Italy Japan Netherlands United States

1939
British Empire France Germany Hungary Italy Japan Netherlands Russia United States

1945
France Japan Russia United Kingdom United States

c. 2000
China France Germany Japan Russia United Kingdom United States