Romanos Land Reforms (Premysloides Dynasty)

Background
During Romanos reign, five land reforms were initiated and executed to improve agricultural production, improve rural social conditions, weaken local Greeco-Roman and foreign Latin aristocracy, weaken Church and Emperor critics and increase freedom of trade and free market policy.

Land Reform of 1250
First reform was prepared already in 1249 by collecting lists of names, properties and lands of Latin/Catholic and pro-Latin aristocrats within Nicean Empire and within Latin Empire and their allied states (Duchy of Naxos, Duchy of Athens, former Venetian Crete and Duchy of Achaea).

Land Reform of 1250 redistributed about 1,000,000 hectares (granted to veterans and state bureaucrats for free and sold under price to peasants and landless civilians).

Land Reform of 1267
After First Imperial Civil War, Emperor Romanos ordered confiscation of all properties and lands owned by rebelling guilds and towns to redistribute them among loyalists and landless persons. About 90,000 hectares were confiscated by state and then granted or sold, mostly in south Macedonia and north Greece.

Land Reform of 1272
Land Reform of 1272 was reaction on Second Imperial Civil War and was directed on landlords in Serbia and Greeco-Roman allies of Manuel Angelos. 1,250,000 hectares of land were distributed to loyalists and smallholders.

This reform was expanded by new laws determining rights of smallholders and rich landlords, determining conditions of buying, selling or renting lands and also determining values and types of lands agricultural, rural or urban usage.

Land Reform of 1289
After Bosnian War, fourth land reforms occured and about 120,000 hectares of lands, formerly in hands of local aristocracy, Bosnian Church and dynasty of Kotromanić dynasty, were redistributed to newcomers, include merchants and industrialists, who used these lands to build workshops or open mining facilities.

Land Reform of 1310
Last Romanos land reform was reaction on Sixth Council of Constantinople. This reform confiscated 100,000 hectares of lands owned by clergy, who declined to pledge loyalty to God-Emperor and who declined to accept and respect title of "God-Emperor". This land was granted to bishops and priests supporting God-Emperor Imperial Cult and to Saint Basilians.