Del Lobo Confederacy

The Del Lobo Confederacy (Confederación Del Lobos), also known as the Gutierrezistas or the Del Lobistas, was an alliance of Mexican revolutionary militias that operated against both the Mexican and United States governments along the Mexican-American border. The first raids by the Del Lobo militias were reported as early as 1898 and targeted smaller trade settlements. Esteban Gutierrez, a Peruvian mercenary, was thought by American officials to be the founder of the Del Lobo Confederacy, which he named after his Del Lobo estate in modern El Paso County, Texas, which served as the Confederacy's "command center" until it was destroyed during a raid by the U.S Army. Gutierrez relocated his headquarters to the Arizona Territory and had five different homesteads eastward. From 1905 to 1912, the Gutierrezistas went inactive attributed to a lack of financial support, which severely depleted their weapon and ammunition surpluses, however in late July 1912, the Gutierrezistas reemerged following a brief raid in the city of Tucson, during during three civilians and five lawmen were killed. In November 1913, Gutierrez was killed while ambushing a U.S Army convoy that was passing through Yuma County. His followers quickly disbanded and most likely flocked to other revolutionary groups across the borderlands.