Rise of Rome

Around 400 AD, Emperor Diocletian split the Roman Empire in half. This would eventually lead to Rome's decline, as barbarians invaded and took over the West and a new empire, Byzantium, rose to power in the East. But what if Constantine never split the Empire? Welcome to world where the Roman Empire still exists

Quick Overview
The age of Pax Romana continues until the 13th Century, when wars break out with the Mongol and Arabian Empires. Two centuries later, Rome finds itself at war again as Muslim invaders attempt to conquer Rome. Rome is victorious, and the Second Pax Romana lasts until the 19th century, when three, long civil wars rock the Roman Empire. Following a third and final World War in the 1940s, Rome is stable once again- but weak. The once-glorious Roman Empire is overshadowed by the United States. In the second half of the 20th century, Rome was locked in a bitter Cold War with the Mongols. In the present-day, 2010, Rome is in a major economic upswing, with the new Euro currency strong, and a very technologically advanced industrial complex.

Pax Rommana Continued (27 BC-1241 AD)
For 1,200 years, Rome remains prosperous like it was before Diocletian split the empire (in OTL). From 330 to 395, Rome wages a victorious, but long, war against German and Gallic barbarians. By the start of the 5th century, they are defeated, and Rome remains prosperous. During this long period of prosperity within the walls of Rome, several other events happened simultaneously.
 * Rome expanded to the point where it controlled the entire northern half of Africa.
 * In the Middle East, various small kingdoms were conquered by Muslims and formed the Arabian Empire.
 * The Roman Empire, over time, accepted Christianity as it's major religion
 * Mongolia, a young nation, was slowly gaining power in Asia. It would continue to expand rapidly until the point where it reached the frontiers of Rome.

World War I (1294-1293)

 * Roman Empire


 * Japan


 * India

---against---
 * Arabia
 * The Mongol Empire

For the past two centuries, the Roman Empire grew larger and larger as it conquered all it's neighbors- Russia, China, Korea, Indochina. It was expanding all of the way to the Roman Empire. The Mongol Invasion of the Roman Empire, under the leadership of Subutai, centered on the destruction of the Roman Empire and the securing of Mongolia's expansion to the Atlantic Ocean. The Mongols invaded Hungary and Poland, both nations at the time states of Rome. The war lasted several years, and consisted of battles mostly in eastern and southern Europe. Rome was successful at repelling the invasion, but led a disastrous incursion into Mongol-occupied Russia. Mongolia also fought campaigns against Japan, India, and Arabia- all which allied with Rome. Peace was made in 1293, with the Allies victorious.

The Interwar Period (1293-1522)
During the time between World War I and World War II, Rome was engulfed in the prosperity it had enjoyed previous to the Mongol Invasion. Eastern Europe was devastated by the war, but was largely rebuilt by 1320. The 1300s was noted for Arabia's rise to power in the Middle East, and the century in which the Mongol Empire was at its weakest point (this would change during World War II). As Arabia rose to power, it soon become obvious by the middle of the 1400s that Rome and Arabia were to go to war.

World War II (1522-1573)
---against--- On May 29th, 1453, the Arabian Empire conquered Constantinople and renamed the city Istanbul. Following this event, Muslim invaders attacked southeastern Europe. By 1500, they conquered Albania, Bosnia, Croatia, Hungary, Serbia, and Romania- all these provinces of the Roman Empire. The wars between Rome and Arabia erupted into full-scale war when the Arabs attacked Venice, on the Italian peninsula. It was the first time Italy saw warfare in over a thousand years. Rome responded by creating the Allied League with the Mongols and creating an army of 1,000,000 men to drive out the Muslims. Mongol aid to Rome helped win the war. Ferocious battles erupted at Rhodes and Malta, and the Muslims still advanced, yet taking on huge casualties. Meanwhile, Japan entered the war against Rome and Mongolia by launching a surprise attack Mongol China.
 * Roman Empire
 * Mongol Empire
 * Arabian Empire
 * Japan

The Battle of Vienna was the turning point of World War II. It halted the Arab advance into Europe and caused a decisive blow to the Arabs. The Roman Empire pushed back the Arab forces, and the Muslims went on the retreat from Vienna onward. The Battle of Lepanto in 1571 destroyed the Arabian Empire's last sufficient fighting force within Roman territory. Two years later, Rome and Arabia made peace- the Arabs agreeing to withdraw from Roman territory.

The Second Pax Rommana (1573-1789)

 * Renaissance occurs in the Roman Empire.
 * Rome discovers new continents, such as North America, South America, and Australia.
 * The Mongolian Empire is strong once again, now allies with Rome.
 * Rome conquers the Americas and Australia and colonizes them.
 * The Industrial Revolution occurs in Europe.
 * In the 1770s and 1780s, colonists in North America break away from Rome, and established the United States of America.
 * Meanwhile, nationalism is growing strong in France and Germany. The areas seek to break away from Rome.

First Civil War (1789-1815)

 * French Revolution
 * German Revolution
 * Swiss Revolution
 * French Liberation Front

with support from


 * The United States
 * Arabia

---against---


 * The Roman Empire
 * The Mongol Empire

Overview
The First Civil War, also known as the Great French War and the French War of Secession, was a conflict between revolutionaries in France and Germany against the Roman Empire, as French and German nationalists attempted to secede from the Roman Empire and secure independence. The rebels were led by a young but brillant general named Napoleon. The war was played out on an unprecedented scale, mainly due to the application of modern mass conscription. French power rose quickly, conquering most of Europe, but collapsed rapidly after Rebel France's disastrous invasion of Mongolia in 1812. The rebel republic ultimately suffered complete military defeat resulting in the restoration of Roman rule in France. Meanwhile the war weakened Rome's grip on it's colonies in Latin America. Europe was devastated by the war, which greatly weakened the power of the Roman Empire.

First Crackdown
The First Crackdown was the first major effort to contain Revolutionary France. France declared war on the Roman Empire on April 20th, 1792. Rome initiated a series of invasions of France by land and sea, attacking from three places: the Netherlands, the Rhine, and from Spain. France suffered internal strife, and responded with extreme measures: the Committee of Public Saftey formed (6 April 1793) and France drafted all potential soldiers aged 18 to 25 (August 1793). The new French armies counter-attacked, repelled the invaders, and moved beyond France. French arms established the Batavian Republic as a satellite state (May 1795) and gained the Rhineland by the first Treaty of Basel.

Second Crackdown
The Second Crackdown was the second attempt by the Roman Empire to eliminate Revolutionary France. Rome attempted to roll back France's previous conquests. The Roman Empire raised fresh armies for campaigns in Germany and Italy in 1799.

In the summer of 1798, Napoleon led an expedition to Egypt. Meanwhile during his absence from Europe, the outbreak of violence in Switzerland drew French support for Swiss Rebels against Roman rule. When revolutionaries overthrew the Roman Governor Canton governments in Bern, a French army moved into Switzerland, ostensibly to support the Swiss rebels. In northern Italy, Mongol General Aleksandr Suvorov won a string of victories driving the French, under Moreau, out of the Po Valley, and forcing them back on the French Alpes and the coast around Genoa. However, the Mongol armies in the Switzerland were defeated by the French, and Suvorov's army was eventually withdrawn; ultimately the Russians withdrew from Roman territory when Rome insisted on the right to search all vessels it stopped at sea. In Germany, Roman forces drove the French under Jean-Baptiste Jourdan back across the Rhine, and won several victories. Jourdan was replaced by Massena, who would be most successful later on.

Third Crackdown
The Third Crackdown, spanning from 1803 to 1806 saw the defeat of an alliance of Rome and Mongolia by France and its client states under Napolean. Rome was the only country still at war with France after the signing of the French-Mongol Peace Treaty. The Third Crackdown itself came to full swing in the summer of 1805, as Napoleon's provocative actions in Italy (crowning himself King) and Germany led to the Mongol Empire once again joining Rome and attacking France. The war would be decided on the continent, and the major land operations that sealed the swift French victory involved the Ulm Campaign, a large wheeling manoeuvre by the French lasting from late August to mid-October that captured an entire Roman army, and the decisive French victory over a combined Mongol-Roman force at the Battle of Austerlitz.

Austerlitz effectively brought the Third Crackdown to an end, although later there was a small side campaign against Naples, which also resulted in a decisive French victory at the Battle of Camp Tenese. On 26 December 1805, Rome and France signed the Truce at Pressburg. Mongol troops were allowed to head back to the Mongol Empire. France's Victory at Austerlitz also permitted the creation of the Confederation of Western Europe, a collection of German, Swiss, and Italian states intended as a buffer zone between France and the rest of the Roman Empire. Austerlitz had driven neither Mongolia nor Rome, whose armies protected Sicily from a French invasion, to settle. Meanwhile, Rome was about to go to war with France again in the Fourth Crackdown.

Fourth Crackdown
The Fourth Crackdown against Napoleon's French Empire was defeated in a war spanning 1806–1807. Once again, Mongolia and Rome allied against France. In early March, 1806, France violated the terms of the Truce at Pressburg by invading the Confederation of Western Europe. Rome attacked France, with Mongolia quickly coming to support it.

French troops quickly conquered the Confederation of Western Europe. After a failed Allied attack in northern Italy, French forces drove across northern Germany. On August 27th, French forces entered Berlin. A huge area of the heart of the Roman Empire was now under French control. France won several victories in western Austria. Meanwhile, with French forces nearing Rome itself, Rome withdrew it's forces against France following a French victory at Firenze.

Fifth Crackdown
The Fifth Crackdown, fought in the year 1809, pitted Rome against France. This time, Mongolia stayed neutral in the conflict. Rome sent another expedition, the Walcheren Campaign, to the Netherlands in order to relieve the Austrians, although this effort had little impact on the outcome of the conflict. Roman forces then attacked France from Spain, but this failed as well. After much campaigning in Bavaria and across the Danube Valley, the war ended favorably for the French after the bloody struggle at Wagram in early July. France then seized parts of Poland. With the French right up at Mongolia's doorstep, Mongolia mobilized it's army in the East. The Sixth Crackdown (last one!) would begin when France attacked Mongolia.

Sixth Crackdown


In the Sixth Crackdown, an alliance of of Rome and Mongolia finally defeated France and drove Napolean Bonaparte into exile on Madagascar. After Napoleon's disastrous invasion of the Mongol Empire in 1811, Allied armies reorganized along more Napoleonic lines, they drove Napoleon out of Germany in 1813 and invaded France in 1814, forcing Napoleon to abdicate and restoring Roman rule in France

Two-and-a-half million troops fought in the conflict and the total dead amounted to as many as two million. The Sixth Crackdown included the battles of Smolensk, Borodino, Lutzen, Bautzen, Dresden, and the epic clash at Lepizig. The Battle of Leipzig was the largest battle of the First Civil War, and was the largest battle in history (at the time). Many larger battles will occur during World War III.

The final stage of the war, the defence of France, saw the Roman Empire temporarily regain his former mastery; he repulsed vastly superior armies in the Six Days Campaign, which many believe to be the most brilliant feat of generalship of his career. Ultimately, Napoleon's earlier setbacks in Russia and Germany proved to be the seeds of his undoing, and the Allies occupied Paris, forcing his abdication.

The Revolt of 1815: France's Last Stand
The Revolt of 1815 marked the period between Emperor Napoleon's return from exile on Madagascar to Paris on 20 March 1815 and the second restoration of Roman rule in France. Following Roman occupation of France, French rebels constanty attacked the Roman occupiers. Napolean returned from Madagascar, landed onthe French Riviera, and led a 400-mile march to Paris. During this time, Napoleon organized the French Liberation Army, or the FLA. On March 20th, the FLA seized Paris, and Napoleon demanded that the French Empire was restored.

The next day, Rome and Mongolia bound themselves to put 500,000 men each into the field to end his rule. This set the stage for the last conflict in the First Civil War, the defeat of Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo, the restoration of Roman rule in France. Napoleon was captured on July 18th, 1815, and the FLA quickly collapsed. In 1821, Napoleon was executed in Rome.

The Second Civil War (1848-1871)

 * Democratic Movement of Rome
 * German Revolutionaries
 * Austrian Revolutionaries
 * French Revolutionaires
 * Mongol Empire

---against---


 * The Roman Empire
 * French Coalition Government



The Second Roman Civil War began in 1948 when a wave of rebellions rocked the Roman Empire, as new liberal ideas of democracy and representative government (like the government of the United States) swept Europe. The following year, the rebellions turned into an all-out civil war when nationalists in Austria and Germany (Germany once again) tried to break away from the Roman Empire. In 1850s, civil unrest rocked France. The Roman Empire made a deal with France, that if it helped out, a coalition government would be created, and France would have some independent functions of it's government. Meanwhile, the war in Germany raged on.

This time the entire populations of these countries supported the rebel movement, and it was more difficult from Rome to quash. The Battle of Hamburg in 1866 was a turning point, where Rome took on huge casualties. From there, German troops went on the advance. German forces sieged Paris in 1870. The following year, the two factions signed the temporary Brussels Truce. The Republic of Germany was declared in Berlin, but Rome denied Germany's existence and recognized Germany as part of the Roman Empire. A similar situation occurred in Austria. By 1900, most French citizens were loyal to the Emperor, and the French Coalition Government was dismissed in favor of direct Roman administration.

Revolt in France
The French Revolt of 1848 ended the "Shaky Era" that began earlier in the century, and was the event that triggered the Second Civil War. In France, the February Revolution ended Roman rule in France (which had existed since 1815) and led to the creation of the French Second Republic. The June Days were a bloody but unsuccessful rebellion by the Paris workers against a conservative turn in the Republic's course. On December 2, 1848, Louis Napoleon was elected President of the Second Republic, largely on peasant support. Exactly three years later he suspended the elected assembly, establishing the Second French Empire, which lasted until 1871.

In August, 1848, Rome declared war on the Republic of France and sent troops to quash it. Fearing another war like the one waged against Napoleon, Rome committed a million troops into quashing the revolt. The tactic of overwhelming the French with huge numbers was successful, and in 1851, France was defeated. But Germany had entered the war the previous year, and the victory in France was misleading- the Second Civil War was only beginning.

Democratic Movement on the Italian Peninsula
In late 1847 Italian citizens, tired of Roman monarchy and with flaming ideas of democracy (inspired by France, the first Republic, during the First Civil War), people formed the Democratic Movement of Rome (DMR) on December 10th, 1847. Citizens in Milan planned to quit using tobacco or play lottery as of January 1, 1848, both of which fed the Roman treasury, and Roman soldiers, angry at the success, soon shot and killed 61 DMR protesters. Citizens armed themselves, and news of more shootings in Vienna came, they expelled the Roman forces from Milan (March 18-March 22, 1848). But not only in Trieste, in 1848, did the fight assume vast proportions. In some cities of Dalmatia a civic guard was formed. At Spalato the people liberated from prison Antonio Baiamonti and Pietro Savo, two ardent defenders of the Democratic cause. The people of Trent, on March 19, 1848, boldly raised the DMR flag (the Roman flag except instead of a crown in the center their was a star), defied the shots of the Roman pickets, destroyed the office of finance, then ran to the city hall and demanded that a commission be sent at once to Vienna to request the institution of democracy within the Roman Empire. The following day, March 20, 1848, the municipality of Trent established the national guard and sent a patriotic appeal to the citizens in which they expressed the wish that the example of Trent should be followed by all of Trentino. In fact at Ala, Rovereto, Riva, and other cities and in the valleys, the inhabitants of Trentino hoisted the DMR flag and decorated their breasts with the tricolored cockade. This is commonly known as the "Five Days of Milan." At approximately the same time similar insurrections took place in numerous towns and cities, and most importantly in Venice, where the Democratic Movement was popular and city governors agreed to it.

The DMR had the most success in the spring and summer of 1848, but would be in a constant battle for control throuhought the 1850s and 1860s.

Mongolia Attacks Rome- The Crimean Campaign.
The Crimean Campaign was fought between the Mongol Empire on one side and an alliance of the Roman Empire and the Arabian Empire on the other. The war was part of a long-running contest between the major European powers for influence over territories of the declining Arabian Empire. In 1848 through 1853, Rome was weak and fighting a series of internal rebellions, and Mongolia saw it as the perfect opportunity to strike first. Most of the conflict took place on the Crimean Peninsula, but there were smaller campaigns in western Turkey, Ukraine, Belarus, the Baltic Sea, the Pacific Ocean, and the White Sea.

Historians have been debated whether the Crimean Campaign was an extension of the Second Civil War or an entirely different conflict all together. Mongolia and it's allies fighting Rome (including French revolutionaries, German revolutionaries, and the Democratic Movement of Rome), had little formal relations, and Mongolia only used Rome's internal conflicts to it's advantage. This article considers the Crimean Campaign an extension of the Second Civil War.

Mongolia striked the far eastern provinces of Rome, but Rome quickly repelled the invasion and pushed the Mongols back into their own territory. Rome followed up this advance with an invasion of the Crimean Peninsula. Both sides rushed the re-enforce their armies in Crimea, which soon became the focal point of the entire conflict. Mongolia won the war by iniating a drive along the baltic coast into the Roman Empire, which forced the Romans to evacuate Crimea and defend their own turf. In February 1856, Rome made peace with Mongolia as the civil conflict in the Roman Empire intensified.

Germany in Revolt
In June of 1862, Germany joined the DMR and declared it's independence from Rome. He fought a massive campaign for independence against Rome, and confused fighting engulfed the provinces of Holstein and South Denmark. At the Little Peace, signed in 1865, Rome agreed to make Germany a commonwealth. Bismarck realized that the creation of the German Commonwealth was only a temporary solution, and tensions escalated between Prussia and Austria. The struggle for independence in Germany then led to the resumption of hostilities between Bismarck's forces and Rome, triggered by the dispute over Germany's status as a nation.

In 1866, Germany attacked Roman forces at Hamburg and won the battle. This was the turning point in the entire Second Civil War. From their, the Germans, Austrians, and DMR won a string of victories against Rome. On August 14th, 1866, the Republic of Germany was declared, and Rome, now dealing with a revolution in Austria, agreed to recognize Germany.

Austria in Revolt
In 1865, Austria, following the leads of France and Germany, revolted against rule of the Roman Empire. Strongly determined to contain Austria, Roman forces attacked Austria. They quickly occupied the country, and the Austrians continued to fight a guerilla war. In 1868, the Austrian rebels form the ALF, or Austrian Liberation Front.

The Italian Campaign
The Italian Campaign was a conflict between the Roman Empire and the Republic of Germany. Germany was aided by the Austrian Liberation Front. The complete German victory brought about the final unification of Germany under Bismarck. It also marked the downfall of Emperor Napolito and the end of the Roman Empire as a monarchy, which became a democracy in 1871. As part of the settlement, the territory of Alsace-Lorraine was taken by Germany, which it would retain until Germany's defeat in the Third Civil War.

The superiority of the German forces was soon evident, due in part to efficient use of railways and impressively superior Krupp artilery. A series of swift German victories in northern Italy culminated in the Battle of Torino, at which Napolito was captured with his whole army on 2 September. Yet this did not end the war, as the Roman Provisional Federation was declared in Rome on 4 September 1870, and Roman resistance continued under the Government of National Defence.

Over a five-month campaign, the German armies defeated the newly recruited Roman armies in a series of battles fought across northern-central Italy. Following a prolonged siege, Rome fell on 28 January 1871. The siege is also notable for the first use of anti-aircraft artillery, a Krupp piece built specifically to shoot down the hot air balloons being used by the French as couriers. The final Treaty of Frankfurt was signed 10 May 1871, during the time of the Roman Commune uprising of 1871, where the DMR attacked Rome.

The Treaty of Frankfurt
With Rome under siege and the rebels capturing significant areas of Europe, the Roman Empire were cornered and agreed to an armistice with unfavorable terms. Under the Treaty of Frankfurt...


 * The Roman Empire would become a democratic republic.
 * Germany and Austria had assured independence from Rome.
 * Mongolia had total control of Crimea and the Baltic Coastline.
 * The French Coalition Government would allow France partially independent systems of government.
 * Rome could not attack Mongolia for a period of 50 years.

The Third Civil War (1914-1933)
---against--- ---against---
 * Republic of Germany
 * Republic of Austria
 * The Arabian Empire
 * The Roman Empire
 * The United States
 * The Mongol Empire
 * The Nazi Movement
 * The Black-shirt Movement
 * Roman Social Republic

The Third Civil War was a military conflict in Europe that began in the summer of 1914. The fighting ended in late 1933, following the collapse of the Roman Empire. This conflict involved three major factions: the Roman Empire and allies against the de facto republics of Germany and Austria against fascist coalitions. More than 90 million military personnel, including 80 million Europeans, were mobilized in one of the largest wars in history. More than 35 million people were killed, making it one of the deadliest conflicts in history.The war is also known as the European War or the War with Five Sides (even though there were only three).

The assassination on June 28th of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the soon-to-be leader of the Republic of Austria, is seen as the immediate trigger of the war, though long-term causes, such as sectionalism within the Roman Empire, played a major role. Ferdinand's assassination at the hands of Roman agents resulted in Austria's mobilization for war. The following day, Austrian officials shut down the Austrian-Roman border. The Emperor, shocked, sent Roman forces were sent to attack Austria. Germany followed by declaring war and coming into conflict with Rome.



The conflict opened with the German invasion of France and a Roman incursion into Austria. Mongolia, threatened that if Austria became independent it would be a threat, attacked Austria, and later Germany. After the German march on Paris was brought to a halt, the Western Front settled into a static battle of attrition with a trench line that changed little until 1917. In the East, the Mongol intervention successfully fought against the Austro-Hungarian forces but were forced back by the German army. Additional fronts opened with the Arabian Empire joining the war in 1914. The Mongol Empire left the war in 1917. American forces intervened by assisting Rome and attacking Germany that same year.



By early 1918, Germany and Austria were defeated, and Arabia withdrew from Rome. But a power gap formed as the republics of Germany and Austria collapsed. A third party in the war was about to rise. A civil war broke out in Mongolia between communist and anti-communist forces. Rome was weak, and different political parties and groups began a struggle for power. In Germany, the Nazi movement, led by Adolf Hitler, gained ground. By the end of the 1920s, the Nazis took over the commonwealths of France, Germany, and Austria. The Italian "Black-shirt" movement swept the Italian peninsula. These fight-wing, fascist coalitions invaded and occupied the areas in which they were not popular with the people. In 1929, the White-shirt movement and the Nazi movement combined. In 1933, the conservative Emperor of Rome and his administration fled to the only place it was popular: the island of Britannia. With the "old Rome" taking refuge on Britannia, the "new Rome" set out to make great changes. On January 24th, the Social Republic of Rome was declared. The Third Roman Civil War was over.

Eight Years of Chaos (1933-1941)


In 1934, Adolf Hitler became the leader of the newly-established Social Republic of Rome. He declared himself Emperor Agusutus II. He abolished democracy, espousing a radical revision of the world order, and soon began a massive rearmament campaign. He said "Three civil wars tore down the pillars of the old Empire. But that is OK, for out of tragedy, comes opportunity to build an even stronger Empire! This is not the fall of rome, but the Rise of Rome!" The situation was aggravated in early 1935 when the German Commonwealth and Austrian Commonwealths were legally reunited with Germany and Hitler speeded up his rearmament and introduced conscription. That same year, the old Roman Empire changed it's name, temporarily, to the British Republic of Rome, or Britannia.

Hoping to contain Germany, Britannia and the Mongol Empire formed the London Pact against Rome. However, in June 1935, Britannia made an independent naval agreement with Rome, easing prior restrictions. The United States, concerned with events in Europe and Asia, passed the Neutrality Act in August.

In July, the Spanish War of Succession broke out. Agustus II sent troops to quash the revolt, an army led by Generalist Francisco Franco. Meanwhile, the Mongol Empire supported the Spanish Independence Movement. Both sides used the conflict to test new weapons and methods of warfare, and the revolution was quashed in early 1939. Mounting tensions led to several efforts to strengthen or consolidate power. A November 1937, Rome and Japan signed the Pact of Steel. In eastern Asia, both Japan and the Mongol Empire were pursuing imperialistic policies. It seemed obvious that a third World War would begin soon.

World War III (1941-1945)
''In this outline of World War III (in OTL, it is more like World War II), I will describe the theater of operations in Europe, where there are only four factions: the Social Republic of Rome, the British Republic of Rome, the Mongol Empire, and the United States. Japan and the United States also wage war across the Pacific Ocean for dominance in the region, but because it is nearly identically to OTL (Japan attacks Pearl Harbor in December, 1941. War ends with atomic bomb in August, 1945), I will not go into detail about the Pacific Theater.''

The war began in the summer of 1941, when the Social Republic of Rome invaded the Mongol Empire. Mongolia and Britannia declared war on Rome.

The United States

The Roman State of Britannia

The Mongol Empire

---against---

The Social Republic of Rome

Japan

World War III, or the Third World War was a global military conflict lasting from 1941 to 1945 which involved most of the world's nations, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, with more than 100 million military personnel mobilised. In a state of "total war," the major participants placed their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities at the service of the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. Marked by significant action against civilians, it was the deadliest war in human history.

The war is generally accepted to have begun on June 22nd, 1941, with the invasion of the Mongol Empire by Rome and subsequent declarations of war on the Roman Empire by the Roman State of Britannia (Old Rome) and Mongolia. Mongolia and Japan were already at war by this date, whereas other countries that were not initially involved joined the war later in response to events such as the Japanese attacks on the US Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor, which triggered declarations of war on Japan by the United States and the Roman State of Britannia.

The war ended with the total victory of the Allies over Rome and Japan in 1945. World War II left the political alignment and social structure of the world significantly changed. While the United Nations was established to foster international cooperation and prevent future conflicts, the Mongol Empire and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next forty-six years. Meanwhile, the acceptance of the principle of self-determination accelerated decolonization movements in Asia and Africa, while the Roman Empire was eventually restored, as a democratic republic.

The Eastern Front: Mongol Empire vs. the Roman Empire
On June 22, 1941, Rome launched an invasion against the Mongol Empire, code-named Operation Actium. This invasion, the biggest in recorded history, started the most bloody conflict the world has ever seen; the Eastern Front of World War III. The Eastern Front was by far the largest and bloodiest theatre of World War III. It is generally accepted as being the costliest conflict in human history, with over 30 million dead as a result. It involved more land combat than all other World War III theatres combined. The distinctly brutal nature of warfare on the Eastern Front was exemplified by an often willful disregard for human life by both sides.



The Emperor of Mongolia, Joseph Stalin, had been warned repeatedly by outside sources and his own intelligence network of the impending invasion, but he ignored the warnings due to conflicting information presented to him by the Soviet intelligence. The early weeks of the invasion were devastating for the Mongol Army. Enormous numbers of Mongol troops were encircled in pockets and fell into Roman hands. Finland also sent troops to assist Rome. The following conflict from 1941–1944 is sometimes referred to as the Continued War, as in the continuation of the Summer War.

Operation Actium suffered from several fundamental flaws. The most serious of these was the logistical situation of the attack. The sheer vastness of the distances in the Mongol Empire meant that the Social Republic of Rome could only advance so far before outrunning their supply chains. By the time the Roman attack froze to a halt before Moscow on December 5, 1941, it literally could not go any further. There simply were not enough supplies reaching the front to conduct proper defensive operations, let alone a proper offense. The timetable that was planned assumed that the Mongols would collapse before the Russian winter hit. The failure of that to happen also fatally affected Roman plans.

During their long retreat, the Mongols employed a scorched earth policy. They burnt crops and destroyed utilities as they withdrew before Roman troops could use them. That helped to contribute to the logistical problems that Rome experienced. More importantly for them, the Mongols also succeeded in a massive and unprecedented removal of their industry from the threatened war zone to protected areas in the East.



The extension of the campaign beyond the length that Rome expected meant that the Roman Army suffered hundreds of thousands of casualties in the bitter cold of the Russian winter, and from the counterattacks of Mongol units.

Even with their advance having ground to a halt due to a lack of supplies and the onset of winter, Rome had conquered a vast amount of territory, including two-fifths of the Soviet economy. Dislodging them proved difficult and eventually cost the Mongol Enpire dearly.

A few months after the invasion began, Roman troops laid siege to Balticia Agustus II had that the city of Balticia must "vanish from the surface of the earth", with its entire population exterminated. Rather than storming the city, the Romans was ordered to blockade Balticia as to starve the city to death, while attacking it with bombers and artillery. About one million civilians died in the Balticia siege – 800,000 by starvation. It lasted 506 days.

After enduring the winter of 1941–1942, the Roman army prepared for further offensive operations. One of the major problems faced by the Nazi war machine in World War II was a shortage of oil. For this reason, Rome decided to give up on Moscow for the time being, and the summer offensive of 1942 decided to focus on the war in the south, with the target being the oil fields of the Caucuses. In a major blunder, Agustus II split Army Group South into two subgroups, Army Group A which would attack the Caucasus and army group B which would advance towards the city of Volgograd.

Indecision by Agustus II, dissent among the higher ranked Roman officers, and extended supply lines combined in a prolonged battle in the streets of Volgograd. Roman forces eventually occupied over 90% of the city, but in an attempt to defeat the remaining Mongol defenders almost all Roman soldiers in the area were funnelled into the ruins of the city. Months of bitter hand-to-hand combat in the ruins of the city depleted the Roman forces. In Operation Saturn, the Mongols easily defeated little-concentrated Roman troops protected the flanks of Volgograd. The Roman troops remaining in the city were trapped – cut off from their supply lines and starving, they were ordered by Agustus II to fight to the last man, and they displayed incredible fortitude and bravery under unbearable conditions.

Heavy losses affected both sides in the Battle of Volgograd, one of the bloodiest battles in history. An estimated 1.5 million people perished in this battle, including 100,000 civilians in the city.

After Volgograd, the initiative had passed from Rome but had not yet been seized by Mongolia. A desperate counterattack in the spring of 1943 by Roman forces temporarily halted the Mongol advance, and led to the largest tank battle in history, at Kursk. Kursk was the last major offensive by the Roman Army on the eastern front. The Mongols had intelligence of what was to come and prepared massive defences in huge depth in the Kursk salient. They stopped the German armored thrusts after a maximum penetration of 17 miles (27 km). After Kursk the Mongol Army never ceased being on the offensive until Rome surrendered in May 1945.



More Mongol citizens died during World War II than those of all other countries combined. Nazi ideology considered Mongols to be "subhuman" and Roman forces committed ethnically targeted mass murder. Civilians were rounded up and burned alive or shot in squads in many cities conquered by the Nazis. Approximately 27 million Mongols, among them more than 20 million civilians in Mongol cities and areas, were killed in the Roman invasion of the Mongol Empire.

At least seven million Red Army troops died facing the Romans (and Finns) on the Eastern Front. The Axis forces themselves suffered over six million soldier deaths, whether by combat or by wounds, disease, starvation or exposure; another several hundred thousand were seized as POWs and over half died in Soviet gulags because of disease, starvation, or shortage of supplies

Lend-Lease supplies from Britannia and the United States made very important impact for Mongol military forces. Supply convoys sailed to Mongol ports that were patrolled by Nazi U-boats. Allied activities before D-Day may have tied up only a few divisions in actual fighting, but many more were forced to guard lonely coasts against raids that never came or to man antiaircraft guns throughout Europe.

Allied Invasion of Spain
Successes in the North African desert left the Allies in complete control of the Mediterranean's southern shore and using this as a springboard. The Allies started to plan an attack on the Iberian Peninsula.

On December 7th, 1941, Japan attacked the American base of Pearl Habor in Hawaii. This brought the United States into the war not only against Japan, but against Japan's ally, the Social Republic of Rome. Although the Americans joined the Allies in 1941, it took a while for there industry to mobilize and there troops to be trained. American forces didn't see combat until the start of 1943.



The Allies first action was the capture of the fort of Gibraltar, called Operation Husky, on July 10, 1943. This brought to the fore a growing dissatisfaction with Roman rule over Spain. On July 29, 1943, the July 29th Revolution began in Spain. Rebel leaders of the new Republic of Spain signed an armistice with the Allies. Roman troops moved quickly into the confused situation, disarming Spanish formations, taking military control of Spanish areas, and preparing to defend Iberia on her own.

Allied troops landed on the southern tip of Spain on September 3, 1943, crossing from Morocco. Further landings were made at Cadiz and Huelva on September 9. The new Spanish government joined the Allies, and then placed former governor Francisco Franco under house arrest at his mansion in Madrid.

A Roman commando raid led by Otto Skoreny rescued the imprisoned Franco. The Romans installed him as the "Head of State" and "Minister of Foreign Affairs" of a Nazi puppet state in northeastern Spain, called the Spanish Social Republic.

By the winter of 1943, the Allies had conquered most of Spain and were now stalled a Roman defensive line in the Pyrenness Mountains. Amphibious landings at Argeles, France, were made in an attempt to bypass the line: however the landing forces were contained by the Romans, and the Gustav Line remained intact. Finally, the line was broken in May 1944.



The Allies finally crossed the Pyrenees on June 4, 1944, two days before the landings in Normandy. Rome made a fighting withdrawal to the Gothic Line just north of Toulouse. From September 10, 1944 till the end of the year Allied forces attacked the line and in some of the fiercest fighting of the war, broke the Gothic defences but failed to take the actual city of Toulouse. The offensive by Allied and some Spanish forces resumed when the weather permitted in early April 1945 and continued until Rome surrendered in Italy on April 29, 1945 two days after Franco's Allied capture and one day before Augustus II's suicide.

Allied Invasion of France
The summer of 1944 allowed the Allies to begin the long-anticipated invasion of France. Operation Lord put 3 million troops ashore in Normandy on June 6, 1944. A long grinding campaign two months long followed as American, British (Old Roman), Australian and Canadian forces were slowly built up in the bridgehead, and Roman forces slowly worn down. When the breakout finally did come it was spectacular, with American forces under Patton racing through France towards Italy. The Roman forces that had been fighting in Normandy were trapped in the Falaise Pocket.

Incessant bombing of the Empire's infrastructure and cities caused tremendous casualties and disruption. Internally, Augustus II survived a number of Nazi inner assassination attempts. The most serious was the July 20th Coup, occurring on July 20, 1944. Orchestrated by Claus Von Stauffenberg and involving among others Erwin Rommel and Alfred Delp, the plot had intended to place a time bomb in a position to kill Augustus II but a number of unscheduled factors and operation failures led to its failure. Augustus II was only slightly injured.

An attempt was made to force the situation with Operation Garden (September 17, 1944 – September 24, 1944). The Allies attempted to capture bridges with an airborne assault, to open the way into Italy and liberate Switzerland. Since heavier Roman forces than intelligence had predicted were present, the British 1st Airborne Division was almost completely destroyed.

The weather of 1944 combined with a poor situation for the Allies led to a stagnant situation on the western front. The Americans continued to grind away at the defenders in the Battle of Hurtgen Forest (September 13, 1944 – February 10, 1945). As long as Rome stayed on the defence, the Allies were hard-pressed to advance rapidly.

That changed when Roman forces mounted a major counteroffensive on December 16, 1944. The Swiss Alps offensive, also called the Battle of the Alps, drove back and surrounded some small American units. The Allied forces were eventually successful in driving back Roman forces, in what turned out to be their last major advance of the war. The battle officially ended on January 27, 1945.

The final obstacle to the Allies was the River Po. It was crossed in March 1945, and the way lay open to the Italian Peninsula. The last major Roman forces in the west were encircled and trapped at the Battle of Firenze.

End of the War in Europe
The Allies advanced on all fronts. Once the Po was crossed, the Allies raced down the Italian Peninsula towards Rome. In the East, the Mongols took Berlin in March, and the following month Mongolia launched an amphibious invasion across the Adriatic Sea, landing in Abruzzo. At this point, Nazi troops were recalled to Rome for the "final stand" to hold the city.

On April 27th, 1945, as Allied forces closed in on Perugia, Augustus II realized the end had finally come. He remained in Rome, the last Nazi-held city and the crumbling Nazi Empire's capital, even as the city was encircled and trapped by the Mongols as the Battle of Rome raged. On April 30, Adolf Hitler committed suicide in his bunker; to avoid capture by Mongol troops. The remaining Nazi leaders surrendered unconditionally to the Americans, British, and Mongols on May 8, 1945.

In late July and August 1945 the Torino Conference officially disbanded, denazified, and demilitarized the former Social Republic of Rome