Egypt (1983: Doomsday)

Egypt has only recently resurfaced as a coherent nation. Some of this can be attributed to the intervention of Greece, however the Egyptians are stalwartly independent and assert their return was only hastened by Greek kindness.

History
Egypt has alway had a varied history, it was one of the first great civilisations around the Mediterranean Sea (before both the Greeks and Romans) having its civilization be invaded by both the Greeks (under Alexander) and the Romans (under Caesar and later Octavian) its culture began to slowly stagnate.

In more recent years the country was declared an Arab Republic, under first General Muhammad Naguib and then Muhammad Anwar El Sadat until his assasination in 1981. In January 1982 Muhammad Hosni Sayyid Mubarak, commonly called Hosni Mubarak, took control of the Republic and at the time of Doomsday was working in his office in Cairo.

Doomsday
Due to Egypt not being a member of NATO and the fact that in 1983 they were not in good relations with both the USA and the UK it was not a target for any soviet nuclear weapons and was classed as a low grade target by the USA and UK so recieved no impacts from those nations as well.

Many of the nations bordering Egypt and in the surrounding area suffered after Doomsday.


 * Israel to the east suffered several detonations, its government survived due to the weapon aimed at Jerusalem was shot down and the fall out blew east into the uninhabited desert.


 * The Kingdom of Jordan also was hit by several detonations, its government also survived although it lost approximatly 50% of its population.


 * Shortly after DD, even though they had no impacts, Sudan to the south of Egypt collapsed into civil war, as did Libya and Algeria to the west.

Post-Doomsday
One of the first main problems after Doomsday was the huge numbers of tourists trapped in Egypt due to the destruction of their home countries, these tourists made their way to Cairo to their respective embassies, however due to the situation many of the embassies and their staff where themselves in chaos.

The tourist wars
By late September many hotels in Cairo began taking in the tourists that had been trapped across Egypt, hotels in certain areas became enclaves of nations destroyed on Doomsday. Over the next few weeks reports begin filtering in to Egypt of what exactly happened on Doomsday.

After the reports reach the trapped tourists, many begin grouping together on the opposing sides, on several occasions the Egyptian police force has to intervene as groups of tourist began attacking each other with home made or locally bought weapons.

A particularly bad attack occurs on the 22nd of October when groups of Americans, Britains, French and Canadians attack the embassies of the USSR and the German Democratic Republic burning the buildings to the ground and killing many members of staff as they tried to flee.

On the 2nd November 1983 President Mubarak declares Cairo under martial law, he calls the army into maintain law and order in the city.

After the October attacks it was decided that it would be best to rehome the tourists away from the capital city. Alexandria and the port town of Port Said were decided to be the best idea for the re-homing as they were both port cities and the hopes were at the time that the tourists home nations would send rescue craft to return them home.

The english speaking tourists as well as all from NATO countries were rehomed to Alexandria, all Soviet and WARSAW pact tourists were rehomed in the smaller town of Port Said, mainly as there were fewer USSR and WARSAW nationals in Egypt on DD.

Coup d'etat
The Muslim Brotherhood, taking advantage of the chaos in Cairo, staged a coup in late November 1983, and backed by the military they quickly took control of the country. Former President Hosni Mubarak was captured in early December 1983 trying to escape across the border into Israel, and was excecuted in the first week of January 1984. The Brotherhood imposed a harsh regime based on Islamist precepts. Over the next few years, political freedoms became nonexistent, women's rights were suppressed if not removed entirely, and the native Coptic Church withered under religious persecution

The Islamist yoke was finally broken in February 1987, when Egypt attempted to invade Israel across the Sinai peninsular. The Israelis, who were still dealing with the effects of Doomsday and were in no shape to fight, responded by nuking Cairo with a groundburst 250 kiloton device. The ground zero of the attack was in Cairo to the east of the Nile, however the attack - which proved to be the last nuclear attack launched to present, destroyed the Muslim Brotherhood in their established stronghold of the Grand Mosque, in the heart of Cairo. The resulting power vacuum saw many local warlords rising, and just as quickly, falling. It was nearly a year before the situation had stabilized.

Due to the nuclear explosion in Cairo being a groundbust detonation, massive quantities of radiation flowed down the Nile, this radiation severely contaminated the farmland and the groundwater and caused large numbers of radioactivity related fatalities among the population of the Lower Nile.

Survivors of the attacks congregated in the south, near the Aswan High Dam. The remaining military took control of the situation, organizing the citizens into corps of farmers, fishermen, and laborers. With the decimation of Cairo in the nuclear bombing by Israel it was decided in 1995 that a new capital should be built near where the Eonile had begun to flow into the New Quatta lake.

Greek Mandate of Kemet
With the Nile delta effectivley abandoned by the newly formed Egyptian government, a group of Greek colonists who annexed the Nile delta and some surrounding land in 2003 and formed the Greek Confederation Protectorate of Kemet. Although the government of Egypt did not agree with the annexation of the Delta they did not seek to take it back through force, mainly as they believed it was a radioactive wasteland but also as the Greek Confederation gave the Egyptian people much needed medical and humanitarian aid in return for the delta.

In 2008, the Greek Confederation was granted mandate over the Suez Canal Zone from the League of Nations, this area merged with the Greek Protectorate of Kemet, at the same time Egypt announced that it was relinquishing any claims to the Sinai Pennisular, mainly because they were focusing on the new Eonile.

New Government
Since late 1987 survivors begin arriving around Lake Nasser, electricity was supplied by the hydroelectricity plant on the Aswan High Dam. Several large townships soon grew up. In order for these townships to function a council of elders was set up in 1990 these 12 men were consulted before any major decisions were made. This was the start of the re governing what remained of Egypt.

In early 1994, survivors gathering at Lake Nasser near the ancient temple of Abu Simbel decide that the council of elders have become to small for the rapidly increasing population, after asking the elders and asking for a vote of all men in the townships over 16 years of age it was voted to return to the pre-Muslim Brotherhood style of governance.

On 12th August 1994 a general election is held to find the governing party. Three main parties fight the election:,
 * The Progressive National Unionist Party (left wing),
 * New Wafd Party (liberal),
 * National Democratic Party (right wing).

The New Wafd Party wins the election with 48% of the vote, The Pogressive National Unionsit Party wins 36% of the vote and the National Democratic Party wins 16%.

The leader of New Wafd Party Kamal Ganzouri, becomes the fifth President of Egypt. His first term began on 21st November 1994, is currently serving his third term in office.

Once in Office President Ganzouri takes command of what is left of the Egyptian military. His first order is to take control of all land along the Nile from the Aswan Dam to the ruins of Cairo as well as any land being run by warlords.

He also orders the abandonment and evacuation of all settlements downstream of the ruins of Cairo as well as everything east of the Suez Canal due to lack of control of the area. All surviving people are housed around Lake Nasser and the new Eonile River.

Egyptian Military
The Egyptian military has a very large contingent of Army infantry, but its airforce and armored vehicles were practically abandoned after doomsday day due to the lack of fuel or (because the majority of the military equipment in the country came from the USA, UK, China or the mainly the USSR - which were destroyed on DD) a lack of spare parts.

At present it has an permenant armed forces which numbers 80,000 men over 40 divisions, 12 reservist divisions of 2000 men each, and a Navy in three locations: the Red Sea, the Mediterrainean Sea and on the Eonile, which consists of 200 ships of varying sizes, although mostly they are of small size.

Climate
By the late 1990's the climatic chaos caused by Doomsday had begun to settle down into a regular pattern, much to everyones surprise the climatic change has been advantagous to Egypt. Rainfall levels across the Sahara Desert had increased from an average of around 1 inch (25mm) to 4-5 inches (100-125mm) this has led to the desert to begin greening to form a dry savanna type environment known as Sahel.

The new Eonile
In 1992 a group of labourers lowered the bottom of the Sadat Canal from Lake Nasser by nearly 10 metres, enabling a massive expansion of the existing Toshka Lakes (Arabic: توشكة‎)

In early 1994 the military, with the advice of the council of elders, decided to reduce the amount of water flowing from Lake Nasser into the lower Nile by roughly half (the other half used for generating electricity for the country), instead they diverted it to the west, this led to 150 million cubic feet of water per day flowing into the former barren desert beyond the Toshka Lakes where the farmer corps worked to improve and farm the now slowly greening desert.

Refugees from Lower Egypt valley increased both the workforce of Egypt and the number of mouths to feed, and the military devoted most of their control to ensuring food for their citizens.

As the water continued to flow toward the desert, it created the a new river named the Eonile, this new river moved north, toward the Mediterranean Sea. In some places the Eonile backs up into large lakes and around them small communities begin to appear. Among them is the new Capital of New Cairo founded in 1999 around the coastline of the New Qattara Lake.

The New Qattara Lake is the largest lake on the New Eonile, approximatly 130 metres deep at it's deepest point it took 2 years to fill (from 1995-97) before overflowing through a the man-made channel of the Ramases Canal to the north.

The Eonile first flowed into the Mediterranean Sea on the 22nd November 1999, when it flowed through the man-made Seti Canal that exits into the sea five miles east of the Egyptian port of El Alamein.

In 2003 Egyptian hydrologists approached the governement with the idea of sending the annual Nile floods down the newly created Eonile, before this point the floods were sent down the old Lower Nile, after two years of planning the first Nile flood to reach the Mediterranean Sea since 1970 occurs in late July 2005 with a peak flow of over 350 million cubic feet of water per day and raises the surface level of the Eonile by an average of 4 meters, this flood deposits vast amounts of fertile Nile silt onto the new rivers flod plain making farming even easier.

In 2009 scientists find that a new delta has begun to form at the point where the Eonile flows into the Mediterranean Sea.

By 2012 Egypt hopes to be growing enough food to start exporting to surrounding countries.

An unforseen side effect of intoducing large areas of open water in the Western Sahara Desert was discovered by scientists in 2007, it was found that rainfall in the area surrounding the new waterways and in particular to the western side (downwind) of the waterways had increased by up to 10% since 2001. By 2010 the average rainfall had increased to 6-7 inches (150-175mm), which has allowed basic farming even in the middle of the former desert.

Government of Egypt
Presidents of Egypt

The government of Egypt has reverted to its pre DD state of the Arab Republic of Egypt.

Currently the President of the Arab Republic of Egypt is also the elected Head of State of Egypt. Under the Constitution of Egypt, the President is also the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces and head of the Executive branch of the Egyptian government.

The first President of Egypt was Muhammad Naguib, one of the leaders of the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, who took office on 18 June 1953, the day on which Egypt was declared a republic.

The forth and former President Hosni Mubarak was excecuted by the Muslim Brotherhood shortly after the coup in late 1983.

The fifth and current President of Egypt is Kamal Ganzouri, leader of the New Wafd Party. His first term began on 21st November 1994, and as of September 2009 is serving his third term in office. There is no constitutional limit upon the number of terms that any one individual can serve as President. However due to his advancing age he is not expected to run again in four years time.

The next presidental election is due to happen in September 2011, with the new President taking control in March 2012.

Muhammad Ali, Prince of Sa'id, the son of Fuad II and grandson of Farouk I, the former Kings of Egypt, has recently announced that he was to run for the position of President and has returned to Egypt from his home in the Alpine Confederation in order to run for the leadership of the New Wafd party when the current President steps down shortly before the next election.

Western Expansion
In 2006 army expediations into the area formally ruled by Libya, find only small chaotic settlements after talking to the leaders of these small townships it becomes apparent that contact with the governement in Tripoli was lost shortly after Doomsday and after several years of raiding by former libyan military forces, a relative peace in the area began in late 1998. Once news of the country of Egypt to the east is discovered by these small townships they ask to become part Egypt. The area has been provisionally named Al Kufrah province. In the north the Greek Confederation colony of Cyrenaica has become established on the coast.

In early 2011 after talks with the Government of Cyrenaica, Egypt expanded into the south of the former Libya after large resources of crude oil were found under the Sahara plains. They will be drilled by Egypt and then there will be two pipelines:


 * One pipeline built from the oil fields to the Mediterranean coast near Euesperides (Benghazi) the Capital of Cyrenaica, from where it will be send worldwide. The government of Cyrenaina will take a share of the profits from the sale of this oil.
 * The second pipeline will run directly to El Alamain where it will be used purely for Egyptian purposes.

The pipelines will be built between 2011 and 2012, they will begin transporting oil in late 2012.

Southwards Expansion
In 2009 the Egyptian military begin travelling south along the River Nile into the former country of Sudan, finding most of the western side of the country under the control of Sultanate of Darfur also finding the east and south of the country in the middle of a civil war they decide to set up several military bases in north-central Sudan along the River Nile southwards to the joining with it's tributary the Atbara River. The military begin assisting any remaining locals in various farming techniques and begin building wells as part of a propaganda campaign. The former Sudanese states of Ash Shamaliyah (Northern) and Nahr an Nil (River Nile) have been merged and the area has provisionally named Greater Nubia province and is expected to be included as a full province in the 2011 Presidental elections.

Growing Trade
Egypt trades with neighbouring states of Cyrenaica, Kemet, Israel and Darfur. Trading has begun with the new state of Republic of Sudan to the south.