Principia Moderni III (Map Game)

​Principia Moderni, or "The Beginning of the Modern" in Late Latin, was a map game beginning in the final days of the Middle Ages in Europe, and the early days of the Ming Dynasty in China - in 1400 C. E, a turbulent era; in other words, an era of change; an era in which power is cemented. The first game was perhaps the most successful map game on the wiki in terms of length, finishing without dying and plausible expansions. However, it did have its problems, and has now finished. The second game, instead of being a worthy successor to the first, was marred by over-expansionism, feuds between players, ambiguity in the rules, which often caused controversy on wars between player nations, over-competitiveness, and overall inactivity of the moderators, but was nevertheless successful in reaching the Modern Age. And thus, this third installment has been created. Welcome to Principia Moderni III!

'''And on the first day, the LORD proclaimed that the game would have 50 players. And so 50 players it had. And He said the record shall be broken, and the record was broken.'''

'''And on the second day, He said that the game would have 52 players! And 52 players it did have! And He said the record would be broken once more. And so it was broken once more.'''

'''And on the third day, He declared that the game would have 58 players. And correct He was once more, for 58 players it did have. Again, He said the record was to be broken, and so it was.'''

'''And on the fourth day, He decided that the game would have 60 players! And He was not in the wrong again for 60 players the game did have, and the record of records was to be broken again, and it was as such!'''

Something about 62 players on the eleventh day.

Active

 * 1) Andr3w777
 * 2) Collie Kaltenbrunner (Moderator-in-Chief, Assistant Mapmaker)
 * 3) Callumthered
 * 4) Commandante Lemming
 * 5) CourageousLife
 * 6) CrimsonAssassin
 * 7) Fedelede
 * 8) Feudalplague
 * 9) Monster Pumpkin
 * 10) Mscoree (Moderator and Mapmaker)
 * 11) Scandinator (Mapmaker, Disaster Mod)
 * 12) Scrawland Scribblescratch (Mapmaker only)
 * 13) Sine dei gloriem
 * 14) SwankyJ (Mapmaker only)

Honorary

 * AwesomePeruvian
 * Cosman246 (creator of the first game)
 * Detectivekenny (moderator-in-chief of the first game)
 * Galaguerra1
 * PitaKang
 * LurkerLordB (moderator-in-chief of Principia Moderni II until about 1580)
 * VonGlusenburg
 * NovaSims

Current Map
A moderator consensus has deemed that this is indeed the correct map. Changes are in the process. Cour *talk* 00:49, April 5, 2014 (UTC)

Western Europe (France & Iberia)

 * Lordship of Albret --
 * Andorra -- Scarlet (Shadow)
 * Anjou (Personal Union under Provence) --
 * Aragon -- Scrawland Scribblescratch (talk)
 * Brittany -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Castile --
 * Foix (Personal Union with Andorra) --ShadowKnights1234
 * French lands (civil conflict with multiple factions competing for dominance, controlled by Valois, king in madness) **
 * Alençon (Dynastic Union with Valois) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Angoulême (No Ruler, governed by Valois) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Armagnac (Dynastic Union with Valois) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Auvergne (Personal Union with Berry, Vassal of France) -- Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Berry (Dynastic Union with Valois, Vassal of France) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Blois (Personal Union under Orléans with France) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Bourbon (Dynastic Union with Valois) Vassal of France -- Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Duchy of Burgundy (Personal Union with France)-- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Dunois (Personal Union under Orléans with France) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Forez (Personal Union under Bourbon, Vassal of France) -- Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * French royal lands (Ruled by Valois) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * La Marche (Dynastic Union with Bourbon) --
 * Nemours (Personal Union with Armagnac) --
 * Nevers (Dynastic Union with Burgundy) --
 * Orléans (Dynastic Union with Valois, Vassal of France) -- Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Parthenay (Vassal of Orléans) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Périgord (Personal Union under Orléans) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Rodez (Personal Union with Armagnac) --
 * Valois -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Vendôme (Personal Union under La Marche) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Kingdom of Granada (Vassal of Castile) --
 * Limoges --
 * Navarra (Dynastic Union with Valois) --
 * Portugal -- Collie Kaltenbrunner (talk)
 * Saluzzo (Vassal of France) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Kingdom of the Netherlands-- With Blood and Iron (talk)

Northern Europe (Britain & Scandinavia)

 * UNC
 * Denmark -- Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svg Labarum.jpg CrimsonAssassin- I have special eyes
 * Sweden -- Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svg Labarum.jpg CrimsonAssassin- I have special eyes
 * Norway -- Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svg Labarum.jpg CrimsonAssassin- I have special eyes
 * Schleswig -- Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svg Labarum.jpg CrimsonAssassin- I have special eyes
 * Sligo --
 * Thomond --

Albion

 * Eire -- Macedon_Shield.pngBow To Your Sensei. BOW TO YOUR SENSEI!!!Rome_Shield.png
 * Munster -- Macedon_Shield.pngBow To Your Sensei. BOW TO YOUR SENSEI!!!Rome_Shield.png
 * ​Leinster -- Macedon_Shield.pngBow To Your Sensei. BOW TO YOUR SENSEI!!!Rome_Shield.png
 * Ulster -- Local Mafia Boss (Talk) (Blog)
 * Bréifne - Local Mafia Boss (Talk) (Blog)
 * England-- Trust Me, I'm The Doctor (talk)
 * Wales -- Trust Me, I'm The Doctor (talk)
 * Dublin -- Trust Me, I'm The Doctor (talk)
 * Scotland -- Trust Me, I'm The Doctor (talk)

Holy Roman Empire

 * Alpine HRE States
 * Aargau --
 * Austria -- Mscoree (talk)
 * Basel --
 * Chur -- (Vassal of Austria) Mscoree (talk)
 * Cilli (Vassal of Hungary) -- [[Image:1.png|23px]] Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Freibourg --
 * Gorizia -- (Vassal of Austria) Mscoree (talk)
 * Montfort --
 * Swiss Confederacy -- Daeseunglim (talk)
 * Salzburg -- (Vassal of Austria) Mscoree (talk)
 * Wallis --
 * Bohemian HRE States (Vassal states to Bohemia, except Moravia)
 * Bohemia -- Mscoree (talk)
 * Moravia (Dynastic Union with Bohemia) -- Mscoree (talk)
 * Silesia -- Mscoree (talk)
 * Frankish HRE States
 * Bar --
 * County of Burgundy (Personal union under the Duchy of Burgundy) -- Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Cambrai (Bishopric) --
 * French Flanders (artios, and the lands south of the county of Flanders, Personal Union with Burgundy) -- Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Lorraine (Vassal of Burgundy) -- Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Luxembourg (Personal Union under Moravia) -- Mscoree (talk)
 * Metz -- (Vassal of France) -- Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Straßburg -- (Vassal of Burgundy) -- Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Sundgau (Vassal of Austria) -- Mscoree (talk)
 * Verdun -- (Vassal of France) -- Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria
 * Bayern-Ingolstadt (Vassal of Bavaria) -- Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Bavaria (Bayern-Landshut) -- Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Bayern-Munchen (Vassal/Personal Union of Bavaria) -- Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Bayern-Straubing (Vassal of Bavaria) -- Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Burgau (Vassal of Bavaria) Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Nürnburg (Vassal of Bavaria) -- Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Burggraschaft (Vassal of Bavaria) -- Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Bamberg (Vassal of Bavaria) -- Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Würzburg (Vassal of Bavaria) -- Cookiedamage (talk)
 * German HRE States (Under construction)
 * Augsburg -- (Vassal of Austria) Mscoree (talk)
 * Baden --
 * Bamberg --
 * Berg (Dynastic Union with Jülich, Vassal Of Hesse) -- Blocky858 (talk)
 * Brandenburg (Personal Union under Moravia) Mscoree (talk)
 * Breisgau (Vassal of Austria) -- Mscoree (talk)
 * Bremen (Bishopric) --
 * Bruchhausen (annexed to Hamburg) --
 * Brunswick-Göttingen (Fragmented, Annexed Into Hesse) -- Blocky858 (talk)
 * Burggrafschaft --
 * Cleves-Mark --
 * Frankfurt (Vassal of Hesse) -- Blocky858 (talk)
 * Fürstenburg --
 * Duchy of Hamburg -- I am that guy (talk)
 * Hesse -- Blocky858 (talk)
 * Hohenlohe --
 * Holstein (Vassal of Denmark) -- Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svg Labarum.jpg CrimsonAssassin- I have special eyes
 * Jülich --
 * Kempten --
 * Köln (Prince-Bishopric) --
 * Konstanz --
 * Lippe (annexed to Hamburg) --
 * Magdeburg (Prince-Bishopric) (vassal to Hamburg) --
 * Mainz (Prince-Bishopric) --
 * Mecklenburg (personal union with Hamburg) --
 * Munster (Prince-Bishopric, Vassal Of Hesse) -- Blocky858 (talk)
 * Nassau -- (Vassal of Hesse) Blocky858 (talk)
 * Oldenburg -- Callumthered (talk)
 * Osnabrück (Prince-Bishopric) (Vassal of Oldenburg)-- Callumthered (talk)
 * Oettingen (Vassal of Austria) -- Mscoree (talk)
 * Paderborn (Prince-Bishopric, Vassal of Hesse) -- Blocky858 (talk)
 * Pfalz (Dynastical Union with Bavaria) (Fragmented) --
 * Pomerania-Stettin (Dynastic Union with Poland) --
 * Pomerania-Wolgast --
 * Ruppin (Disorganized and Weak) --
 * Saxe-Lauenburg (annexed to Hamburg) --
 * The Hansa --
 * Trier (Prince-Bishopric)-- NonEuclidean ツ (Talk)
 * Ulm -- (Vassal of Austria) Mscoree (talk)
 * Westfalen (Personal Union under Köln) --
 * Württemburg -- (Vassal of Austria) Mscoree (talk)
 * Zweibrücken (Fragmented) --
 * Italian HRE States
 * Aquileia (Vassal of Austria) -- Mscoree (talk)
 * Corsica (Personal Union under Italy) -- Quashi (talk)
 * Ferrara (Vassal of Italy) -- Quashi (talk)
 * Genoa (Personal Union under Italy) -- Quashi (talk)
 * Milan -- Tr0llis (talk)
 * Modena (Vassal of Italy) -- Quashi (talk)
 * Padua -- (Vassal of Milan) Tr0llis (talk)
 * Provence -- Quashi (talk)
 * Tuscany (Vassal of Italy)  -- Quashi (talk)

Southern Europe (Italy & the Balkans)

 * Achaea (annexed by the Roman Empire) -- Monster Pumpkin
 * Aegina (Vassal of Venice) -- Kunarian (talk)
 * Albania (vassal of the Roman Empire) -- Monster Pumpkin
 * Arborea --
 * Arta --
 * Athens (Vassal of Venice) -- Kunarian (talk)
 * Bosnia (vassal of Hungary) -- [[Image:1.png|23px]] Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Bulgaria (vassal of Rumania) -- Stephanus rex (talk) 22:46, March 26, 2014 (UTC)
 * Roman (Byzantine) Empire -- Monster Pumpkin
 * Candia (Vassal of Venice) -- Kunarian (talk)
 * Cephallenia (annexed by Arta) --
 * Corfu (Vassal of Venice) -- Kunarian (talk)
 * Croatia (Personal Union with Hungary) -- [[Image:1.png|23px]] Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Epirote Republic (Personal Union with Venice) -- Kunarian (talk)
 * Garay (Vassal of Hungary) -- [[Image:1.png|23px]] Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Hungary -- [[Image:1.png|23px]] Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Italy -- Quashi (talk)
 * Macedonia (annexed by the Roman Empire) -- Monster Pumpkin
 * Moldavia (Annexed by Rumania) -- Stephanus rex (talk)
 * Naxos (Vassal of Venice) -- Kunarian (talk)
 * Negroponte (Vassal of Venice) -- Kunarian (talk)
 * Vatican City (Vassal of Italy) -- Quashi (talk)
 * Ragusa (Vassal of Venice) -- Kunarian (talk)
 * Rumania (Principia Moderni III Map Game) -- Stephanus rex (talk)
 * Serbia (Vassal of Hungary) -- [[Image:1.png|23px]] Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Sicily (Dynastic Union with Aragon) -- DatStar (talk)
 * Split (Vassal of Hungary) -- [[Image:1.png|23px]] Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Thessaly (annexed by the Roman Empire) -- Monster Pumpkin
 * Thrace (annexed by the Roman Empire) -- Monster Pumpkin
 * Venetian Republic (Personal Union with Epirus) -- Kunarian (talk)
 * Zachlumia (Vassal of Hungary) -- [[Image:1.png|23px]] Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Zeta (Vassal of Italy) -- Quashi (talk)

Eastern Europe

 * Courland -- Yank
 * Great Perm (Vassal of Golden Horde) -- Fed (talk)
 * Golden Horde -- Fed (talk)
 * Lithuania (Vassal of Muscovy) -- Flag of Romania.svgToţi în unu; Nihil Sine DeoFlag of Romania.svg
 * Mazovia (Prussian Vassal) -- Yank
 * Muscovy -- Flag of Romania.svgToţi în unu; Nihil Sine DeoFlag of Romania.svg
 * Novgorod --
 * Rostov (Vassal of Novgorod) --  ...  Razor  - the Razor Nabil.png
 * Yaroslavl (Vassal of Novgorod) --  ...  Razor   -  the Razor  Nabil.png
 * Osel-Wiek --
 * Poland -- [[Image:1.png|23px]] Imp (Say Hi?!) 16:38, March 31, 2014 (UTC)
 * Pskov -- -Lx (leave me a message)Azarath Flag.png
 * Prussia -- Yank
 * Theodoro (annexed by the Roman Empire) -- Monster Pumpkin
 * Tver (Vassal of Novgorod) --  ...  Razor   -  the Razor  Nabil.png

Middle East

 * Mashriq --
 * Mansuriyya Caliphate -- Flag_of_South_Korea.png PitaKang- My Life for Aiur! En Taro Tassadar 22:12, April 1, 2014 (UTC)

Anatolia & Caucasia

 * Principality of Amier-Kavkasia (Vassal of Georgia) -- "Tom" TankOfMidgets (talk)
 * Ak Koyunlu (White Sheeps) --
 * Kingdom of Armenia (Dynastic Union with Georgia) -- "Tom" TankOfMidgets (talk)
 * Tekke (annexed by the Roman Empire) -- Monster Pumpkin
 * Cyprus (Vassal of Castile) --
 * Dulkadir (Vassal of Ottomans) -- ChrisL123 (talk)
 * Sultanate of Erzincan (Vassal of Ottomans) -- ChrisL123 (talk)
 * Kingdom of Georgia -- "Tom" TankOfMidgets (talk)
 * Kaffa (Vassal of Venice) -- KunarianTALK
 * Kara Koyunlu (Black Sheeps; Vassal of Ottomans) -- ChrisL123 (talk)
 * Karaman --
 * Mardin --
 * Ottoman Empire— ChrisL123 (talk)
 * Principality of Rani (Vassal of Georgia) -- "Tom" TankOfMidgets (talk)
 * Ramazan --
 * Sinope (annexed by the Roman Empire) -- Monster Pumpkin
 * Trebizond (annexed by the Roman Empire) -- Monster Pumpkin

Mesopotamia

 * Grand Principality of Assyria (Vassal of Georgia) -- TankOfMidgets (talk)
 * Muzaffarid Dynasty --

Arabia

 * Caliphate of Mecca (disarray) --
 * Oman --
 * Yemen --

Central Asia & Babur's Empire

 * Babur's/Mughal Empire -- SkyGreen 24
 * Renewed Seljuq Sultanate --
 * Safavid Dynasty -- Toby (talk) 21:40, March 28, 2014 (UTC)
 * Hazaraspid Dynasty --
 * Ghurid Dynasty --
 * Ghaznavid Dynasty --
 * Khwarezmid Dynasty --
 * Renewed Tahirid Dynasty --
 * Renewed Saffarid Dynasty --
 * Kara-Khanid Khanate --
 * Biyid Dynasty --
 * Samanid Dynasty --
 * Shaybanid Dynasty (Vassal of Jochid Ulus) --
 * Tengiz Khanate --
 * Qasimid Khanate --
 * Hyrcanian Kingdom -- Willster22 (User talk:Willster22) 20:31, March 29, 2014 (UTC)

South Asia

 * Ahom --
 * Andhra --
 * Bastar --
 * Bengal Sultanate -- Eiplec - ಠ_ಠ (talk)
 * Emirate of Andamana -- Eiplec - ಠ_ಠ (talk)
 * Rajya of Orissa -- Eiplec - ಠ_ಠ (talk)
 * Mahraja of Koch -- Eiplec - ಠ_ಠ (talk)
 * Swargadeo of Ahom -- Eiplec - ಠ_ಠ (talk)
 * Chutiya --(Vassal of Tibet) Flag_of_Tibet.svg Jbwncster   (Talk)  RustySilverGear.png 05:00, March 15, 2014 (UTC)
 * Dhundhar (Disorganized) --
 * Garjat (Vassal of Orissa) --
 * Gondwana --
 * Gujarat --
 * Gwalior --
 * Jaffna --
 * Jaisalmer --
 * Kathiawar --
 * Khandesh --
 * Koch --
 * Kozhikode --
 * Malwa --
 * Marwar  --
 * Mewar (Disorganized) --
 * Raigam (Disorganized) --

East Asia

 * Alliance of the Four Oirats (Vassal of China) -- Ninjasvswarriors (talk)
 * Southern Chagatai Khanate (Vassal of Mughal Empire) -- Sky Green 24 13:50, April 1, 2014 (UTC)
 * Western Chagatai Khanate (Vassal of Jochid Ulus)
 * Eastern Chagatai Khanate (Vassal of Oirats) --
 * Haixi Jurchens (Vassal of China) -- Scandinator (talk)
 * Hualian --
 * Japan (civil war between the daimyos, highly decentralized) **
 * Akamatsu --
 * Amago --
 * Ashikaga (Shogun) -- Ozymandias2 (talk)
 * Date (Personal union with Ashikaga) -- Ozymandias2 (talk) 16:18, March 24, 2014 (UTC)
 * Hatekeyama --
 * Hosokawa (Dynastic union with China) --
 * Imagawa --
 * Isshiki --
 * Japan (Emperor's seat of Kyoto, Dynastic union with China) **
 * Kamakura --
 * Kikuchi --
 * Mogami --
 * Oda --
 * Otomo --
 * Ouchi --
 * Satake --
 * Shimazu --
 * Shoni --
 * Takeda --
 * Toki --
 * Uesugi --
 * Yamana --
 * Jianzhou Jurchens --
 * Korea (Vassal of China) -- Scandinator (talk)
 * Koryak Confederation (Kamchatka) -- Krasnoyarsk (talk)
 * Ming China -- Scandinator (talk)
 * Mongol Khanate --
 * Mangut Nivkhgu --
 * Ryukyu --
 * Tainan (Vassal of China) -- Scandinator (talk)
 * Tibet -- Jbwncster (talk)
 * Wild Jurchens --
 * Xitun --

South-East Asia

 * Ava --
 * Ayutthaya --  20:52, April 1, 2014 (UTC)
 * Champa --
 * Dai Viet -- TheQuackingDuckAssassinator (talk) 12:29, April 5, 2014 (UTC)
 * Kedah --
 * Khmer Empire --
 * Lan Xang --
 * Lanna --
 * Pegu --
 * Shan States -- <span style="background:-webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, from(#B8860B), to(#DEB887)); border:4px ridge grey; -webkit-border-radius:0em 0em 0em 0em;">Flag_of_Tibet.svg <span style="text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px brown, 0 0 1em #000, 0 0 0.2em #0FF; color: white; font: 1.5em Cambria, serif; text-align: center; font-variant: small-caps;">Jbwncster   <span style="text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px brown, 0 0 1em #000, 0 0 0.2em #0FF; color: white; font: 1.0em Cambria, serif; text-align: center; font-variant: small-caps;">(Talk)  RustySilverGear.png
 * Sri Vijaya --
 * Sukhothai --
 * Taungoo -- (Vassal of Tibet) <span style="background:-webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, from(#B8860B), to(#DEB887)); border:4px ridge grey; -webkit-border-radius:0em 0em 0em 0em;">Flag_of_Tibet.svg <span style="text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px brown, 0 0 1em #000, 0 0 0.2em #0FF; color: white; font: 1.5em Cambria, serif; text-align: center; font-variant: small-caps;">Jbwncster   <span style="text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px brown, 0 0 1em #000, 0 0 0.2em #0FF; color: white; font: 1.0em Cambria, serif; text-align: center; font-variant: small-caps;">(Talk)  RustySilverGear.png

Asian Islands

 * Aceh --
 * Aru --
 * Bima --
 * Bone --
 * Brunei --
 * Kutai --
 * Majapahit -- Mr YOLO (talk)
 * Makassar --
 * Minahasa --
 * Negara Dipa --
 * Pagaruyung --
 * Selebar --
 * Siak --
 * Sukadang --
 * Sunda --
 * Tidore --
 * Tondo --
 * Tulang Bawang --

North Africa

 * Banu Sulaym (Hungarian Vassal) -- [[Image:1.png|23px]] Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Gasfa --
 * Sultanate of Tunisia --
 * Kingdom of Morocco -- (Vassal of Castile)
 * Zab --
 * Zayyanid --
 * Alexandria - g greg e   (talk)  01:07, April 4, 2014 (UTC)

West Africa

 * Borgu --
 * Ghana --
 * Ife --
 * Igala --
 * Jenne --
 * Kanem Empire --
 * Kwararafa --
 * Mema --
 * Mossi --
 * Nupe --
 * Oyo Empire -- Flag of the Hurian Federation.png Vivaporius: "I don't need a slogan"
 * Salum --
 * Siine --
 * Songhay --
 * Takur --
 * Tuareg --
 * Wolof --
 * Zafunu --

South Africa

 * Great Zimbabwe -- <font color="#000000">VonGlusenburg (talk to Von!) 16:32, April 6, 2014 (UTC)

East Africa

 * al-Sumal  --
 * Ethiopia --
 * Iritriya --
 * Interlacustrine States (fragmented) --
 * Malagasy Tribes (all are disorganized)
 * Antaisaka --
 * Antambahoaka --
 * Antandroy --
 * Bara --
 * Betsimisaraka --
 * Bezanozano --
 * Mahafaly --
 * Merina --
 * Sanafah --
 * Betsileo (Dynastic Union) --
 * Comoros (Dynastic Union) --
 * Dina Morgabin (Colony) --
 * Sakalava (Personal Union) --
 * Swahili City-States **
 * al-Swahili --
 * Dar es Salaam --
 * Kilwa --
 * Malindi (Swahili Vassal) --
 * Maputo --
 * Mozambique --
 * Mtwara --
 * Sofala --

TBN (Pacific)

 * Otago Maori --
 * Tonga
 * Tahiti
 * Samoa
 * Hawaii --

TBN (North America)

 * Apache (annexed by Colorado) -- This is UglyTurtle, Signing off.
 * Cahokian Civilization -- Ishmal1103 (talk)
 * Colorado Confederation: This is UglyTurtle, Signing off.
 * Comanche (annexed by Colorado) -- This is UglyTurtle, Signing off.
 * Eastern Moundville Civilization (Vassal of the Cahokia) -- Ishmal1103 (talk)
 * Etowah Civilization (Vassal of the Cahokia) -- Ishmal1103 (talk)
 * Iroquois (disorganized) --
 * Kim (annexed by Colorado) -- This is UglyTurtle, Signing off.
 * Lenni Leppei (disorganized) --
 * Navajo (annexed by Colorado) -- This is UglyTurtle, Signing off.
 * Parkin Civilization (Vassal of the Cahokia) -- Ishmal1103 (talk)
 * Pima (annexed by Colorado) -- This is UglyTurtle, Signing off.
 * Pueblo (annexed by Colorado) -- This is UglyTurtle, Signing off.
 * Western Moundville Civilization (Vassal of the Cahokia) -- Ishmal1103 (talk)

TBN (Central America)

 * Atotonilco (annexed by Aztecs) -- SwankyJ (talk)
 * Aztec Empire -- SwankyJ (talk)
 * Cihuatlan (annexed by Aztecs) -- SwankyJ (talk)
 * Mayans -- Spartian300 (talk)
 * Soconusco (annexed by Aztecs) -- SwankyJ (talk)
 * Texcoco (annexed by Aztecs) -- SwankyJ (talk)
 * Tlacopan (annexed by Aztecs) -- SwankyJ (talk)
 * Zacatollan (annexed by Aztecs) -- SwankyJ (talk)
 * Zapotecs -- CourageousLife (talk)

TBN (South America)

 * Aymaras (Fragmented) --
 * Chancay (vassal of Ica-Nazca) -- TheNoseKnight
 * Chimor (vassal of Ica-Nazca) -- TheNoseKnight
 * Chiribaya -- User:Jd2842
 * Cuzco -- What is this????Is this a signature??? (talk)
 * Ica-Nazca -- TheNoseKnight (talk)
 * Mapuche -- IhaveSonar (talk) 19:26, March 24, 2014 (UTC)
 * Sican (vassal of Ica-Nazca) -- TheNoseKnight
 * Wanka (vassal of Cuzco) -- What is this????Is this a signature???

Wall of Shame
This list is for users currently prohibited from participating in the game.
 * User: Arceus The God of Pokemon :- permanent ban for sockpuppetting on the first game.
 * User: Eldwolf : permanent ban for deleting the entire page of the first game and replacing it with profanities.
 * User: Twisty123456789 : permanent ban for sockpuppeting on the second game.
 * User: Ratc3333 : permanent ban for sockpuppeting.

1460
The Uzbeks conquer the city of Samarkand after a brief siege against the local garrison.

''' Daleks land in New York City, establishing an empire there. Nobody shall be allowed to take New York for the rest of human history. '''

''' Aragorn III of Telcontar is crowned king of Aragon. Then he proceeds to establish the Second Reunited Kingdom. He seeks out the aid of the Doctor to destroy the enemy forces in Scrawland (New York). '''
 *  LOL! This one better not be true ;P -Feud 

''' In Egypt two distinct nations take shape. East of the Nile, the purist Sunnis take the upper hand. West of the Nile, Coptic Christians assert their control. Both sides begin to fight for dominance. '''

''' Ethiopia consolidated its rule over former Mashriqi Nubia. '''

'''What the hell? hahahaha what is this? Ooooh. April Fools! SwankyJ (talk) 00:04, April 2, 2014 (UTC)'''

'''oh, oh, oh, oh. I GOT ONE!!!! '''

''' In Naples, a random fat guy trips, and lands in the sea, causing the greatest man-made distaster in history, which is worsened when he farts, and someone lights a match. '''

'''APRIL FOOLS!!!! (Note: i am aware it is april second. just didn't manage many pranks yesterday)'''


 * Mansuriyya Caliphate: Now encompassing most of Mesopotamia from the Kurdish people in the north to the Persians in the east, Fatih begins to consolidate his political support. The nation is still very weak, as most of its territory is empty desert and many towns are barely kept under control by threat of death. The newfound Caliphate sends emissaries to the Ottomans, requesting a non-aggression pact and suggesting a trade deal. Meanwhile, a convoy is sent to the holy cities of Mecca and Medina, where they are shocked at the state the holy cities are in. Enraged by the desolation of the holy cities, Fatih declares the Mansuriyya Caliphate will expand throughout the entire Arabian Peninsula and unite Islam under one banner.
 * Aztec Empire: Emperor Montezuma II [40] is very pleased with the success of the Aztec Empire. Nearing the Cahokia, we still look down upon them, as they only have a total of 25% of our population, and a weak military. Although with the warriors in their small trade party of men riding on buffalo, we are quite impressed. The Emperor decides future positive relations with the Cahokia people would be advantageous. Centralization continues throughout the land. Military is expanded and Cuachtemoc [30] being pleased with Tezcacoatl's [six] growth as he is young and begins to learn how to read and write as his father teaches him the culture and the history of the Aztec people. Infrastructure is expanded with schools and hospitals now at large around the empire. Quatzecoatl [two] begins to grow and show some character. The navy is minimally expanded [355]. Xilopolco is still fortified. Economy is expanded increasing the fleet of fishing ships to a massive amount [550]. The military now reaches a height of 55,000 warriors. The population climbs to four million. Due to the great progress of the empire, the Emperor Montezuma II lowers taxes, as enough profits are being made on the large mining and farming industry. Cuachtemoc's wife, Icnoyotl [25], has a daughter, Xochitl.
 * Things more or less return to normal across the Jochid Ulus. The economy once again begins to experience growth, as the population of both the Yamal and the Volga basin once again begins to grow. The territories recently annexed continue to be emptied of Russians, with Mordvins from the Jochid Ulus and other Volga Finns from Muscovy moving into these areas. Meschera becomes popular in Temnikav, a recently annexed area, the former homeland of the Meschschera state. Once again, the impetus to go eastward begin. The northernmost strip of land expands 3500 sq km eastward, continuing the traditional practice of settling down joint Nenets and other villages. This time, it is the resettled Ukrainians that do most of the labour. The combination of the Ruthenian Christian practices and the Nenets shamanistic ones mean that they soon find a compromise in their faiths, as some of both sides are converted; this compromise is rather close to the Mastorava, and indeed, it is the Metropolitan-Shaman who they swear authority to. In the East, Mastoravic Tatars begin to colonise, spreading 1500 sq km northward into Mansi lands just west of the Oirat expansion. Mastoravic priests are sent to both the Oirat and these areas. A diplomat is sent to the Oirats, asking to split Siberia between them and the Jochids, with the Oirats getting all the land to the east, toward China, and the Jochids being granted everything to the north of Lake Baikal. Speaking of the Mastorava, it continues to spread across the nation. It is also brought into the Azovan Khanate, where people are still encouraged to swear loyalty to the Metropolitan-Shaman in Bolghar in the name of Chernobog, and where increasingly more conversions happen. The Khanate of Azov continues to be influenced religoulsy, as well as culturally. The long work of influencing the Chagatay finally pays off, as the northwesternmost edge, centred on the cities of Almaty and Bishkek, breaks from the rest of the nation. A pro-Jochid Kazakh Khanate is formed in this area. Prince Arslan spends time in New Mosul, between Assyrians and Volga Russians. He strengthens his popularity amongst those in the reform movements and the Christians. These reformists call for the adoption of the Permic ruble as the official currency of the nation.
 * Great Perm extends its trade influence amongst the Volga basin, with the region once again gaining trade importance. Many merchants trade across Europe, acting as a middle man in trade between the Baltic and Black Sea areas. The power of merchants increases, as Duke Stephen II agrees to expand their powers. The ruble continues to be expanded upon; by the end of the year, many merchants begin to do their nternational business in rubles rather than the banned zolotnik or the ducat. This expands Perm's influence. While content with the annexed territories, the Permians continue to teach Komi to the populations in the Novgorod Republic. Vepsian is also taught to the far west, in Lake Ladoga.
 * Adyghea's economy expands. Trade blooms, as the ruble is officially adopted. This allows a fixed amount of gains and little inflation (as the ruble is pegged to the ducat); this allows the Adyghe economy to swell rapidly. More people flock to the cities, while the fields' agricultural produce increases.
 * the Kazakh Khanate attempts to begin stabilisation of the northwestern breakaway parts of the Chagatay nation that composes the Khanate. Several groups attempt to gain the patronage of the Ulus. Foremost amongst them are a Manghit sub-branch located in Almaty, which wishes to establish control over a centralised, Mastoravic Khanate. However, other groups also swearing fealty to the Jochid Khan also rise. The Khanate is split into several warlords, all officially recognising the rulership of the Khan of Almaty, but de facto looking for power for themselves.
 * You can not colonize at this time. SwankyJ (talk) 13:56, April 2, 2014 (UTC)
 * I am not colonising ... expansion into contiguous black territory is allowed. Fed (talk) 14:01, April 2, 2014 (UTC)
 * Kingdom of Italy: King Charles I continues the reforms of his father, and improves the economy and the military. Continues the construction and improvement of shipyards and production of new boats to combat in the Mediterranean. Territorial defense continues being built based on border forts. Relations with the Byzantine Empire continue strong. The Naval Academy in Taranto continues the technological research with Venice. The King continue to give new impetus to the culture within the kingdom and its vassal states, in art, science, etc. The reconstruction of the south part of Italy continue, will take about two  years to restore the ports and cities.
 * Kingdom of Sicily: King Peter III sends aid to rebuild damaged cities and ports in southern Italy. Meanwhile, the army continue the process of assimilation of Italian tactics that spread through the Mediterranean, promoting the use of early firearms. The economy of the island is mostly cereal crops. Thanks to Italian support the exploitation of olives and wine grapes continues.
 * Grand Duchy of Tuscany: Improves the economy and the military. The economic prosperity of the previous years is accented with commercial junction providing by Italy and Genoa, and the city of Florence is the commercial nexus among all the Italian states. Frederick I helps promote economic prosperity, gives incentives to help manufacturing output grow, and improve access roads to make the trade more fluid and profitable. The army is formed to the image of the Italian army, with gradual use of new firearms that become quite popular. Frederick I became a great patron and the Tuscan nobles follow this particular policy. The artists, protected and maintained by the nobles and bourgeois rising, unleash their creativity. Help is sent to rebuild southern Italy.
 * Duchy of Genoa: Improves the economy and the military. The Duchy of Genoa continues trading from the Black Sea to the Straits of Gibraltar, using new models of ships with cargo holds of more spacious and allow greater profit. With the help of Italian military fleet, try to force richest commercial rights in Tunisian ports. In Genoa the boom in production of luxury items continue. The pressure of the Genoese traders in Tunis is growing, and combined with the presence of Christian missionaries, who at the same time serve commercial spies; is accomplished the capture of a lot of exotic products that are not easy to get due to the conflicts and trade barriers in the Near East, and the axis between Tunis and Genoa is strengthened. The Genoese economy restarts its golden age. Help is sent to rebuild southern Italy.
 * Duchy of Ferrara: Improves the economy and the military. The paper industry is forging ahead, and also the making of looms, making this duchy in one of the most productive in northern Italy. Duke Niccolo I continue the loyal service to Italy. Help is sent to rebuild southern Italy.
 * Duchy of Corsica: Improves the economy and the military. The exploitation of salt mines and silver continues. In the same way, the vine crops increase in extension and quality, and the manufacture of wine each year improves in quality and quantity, and is recognized as the best European wine. On the island of Corsica a boom of mercenaries continues. The Italian army started recruiting many Corsicans, making them a legend in terms of ferocity and skill in the skirmishes and battles. Help is sent to rebuild southern Italy.
 * Marquisate of Modena: Improves the economy and the military. Niccolo is dedicated to art and culture, encouraging painters, sculptors and architects that embellish this little Marquisate, leading Italian opulence to a new level. Marquis Niccolo I continues the loyal service to Italy. Help is sent to rebuild southern Italy.
 * Principality of Zeta: Improves the economy and the military. Dairy cattle production increases, and in the same way the manufacture of better quality cheese, they continue to be exported to Italy, Hungary and Byzantium. The Prince Giovanni I continues the cultural boom. Help is sent to rebuild southern Italy.
 * Vatican City: Pope Benedict XV continue the campaign of evangelization in the lands of the Balkans. Missionaries continue to working in North Africa, especially in Tunisia, where they try to recover the core of Christians. The Pope like his predecessor condemns all those who come to the false churches that are being created in Europe. The Pope in his speeches also continues condemning the current lack of security of pilgrims traveling to the Holy Land, which the Christian nations have a priority to recover these places and they are missing to the will of God. The nephew of Pope Callistus III, Rodrigo Borgia continue his ascent in the Roman curia.
 * Order of the Knights of Malta: The Grand Master of the Order Piero Raimondo Camelot, use his fleet of ten ships to patrol the central Mediterranean, also as helping needy Christians. Military elements are improved, and the economy is maintained by the Italian and Sicilian support.
 * County of Provence: The reform of the administration continues, adapting the Italian model which has had so much success. Improves economy through trade and manufacturing cloth. The military camp is also improved, adding new equipment and Italian military ideas. Help is sent to rebuild southern Italy.
 * Duchy of Anjou: As in Provence, the Duchy transformation is performed. The economy and military improve. Help is sent to rebuild southern Italy.
 * Alencon: The economy and military improve. Help is sent to rebuild southern Italy.
 * Narbonne: The economy and military improve. Help is sent to rebuild southern Italy.
 * Vendome: The economy and military improve. Help is sent to rebuild southern Italy.
 * France: Military and economy are built up. While this, the Navy expands. Brittany officially enters the French influence sphere. In Armagnac a few officers loyal to France give up on rebels siding with the recently known Foix threat. The ambassador of Foix is captured and the alleged secret agent is decapitated. A blockade continues to be exerted at Foix. Aragon (my bad) and Castile are asked to follow the same actions. The ambassador is revealed to be still alive although being held prisoner by the French. While this, Foix is warned that any further meddling in Armagnac will result in a war. While this, several soldiers capture raiders from Foix executing them in public and several French citizens initiating their own raidings in the border with Foix. We begin the vassalization of Basel and Switzerland (if Daese remains AFK LOL)
 * Burgundy:  Military and navy are built up, economy expands.
 * Brittany: Military and navy are built up, economy expands.
 * Berry: Military and economy are built up.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up.
 * Armagnac: Military and economy are built up.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy are built up.
 * Portugal: Continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Leiname. By this time, the colony in Leiname starts to export wheat to Portugal. Meanwhile, some Portuguese explorers start to follow the Castilian example and start to explore the African coast. São Miguel and Santa Maria continue to be settled. Meanwhile, the colony of Açores expands 600 sq km into the two recently-discovered islands, with settling starting there.
 * Hesse:  Grand Duke Ludwig II has twins with his wife, Sophia. They have a boy and girl. They name them Wilhelm I and Eva. Meanwhile, Hermann IV has a child with his wife, a son, named Friedrich. Ludwig II orders walls to be built around Ludwigsburg, and a royal palace be built on the hill overlooking the town. The palace isn't designed to be lavish. It shall contain many rooms, some large, some small. They shall incorporate paintings from artists around the Grand Duchy, a library where the royals can read, a large sitting room and dining room. It shall be decorated with some gold and silver, as well as fur from the foxes and polar bears on Schnee Insel. There will also be a few walrus tusks used as decoration. Whale and fish from the region will also be served from time to time, with regular meals. The economy is built up.
 * Duchy of Hamburg: The Bishop of Magdeburg is continued to be petitioned for resources. The use of Hamburg's Baltic coast rises, as ships have come to drop their cargo off there, and have the HTSC transfer it to the City of Hamburg for a smaller rate than that of traversing the Oresund. Hamburg continues to invite nations to use it to bypass the Oresund tax. Following the death of the Duke of Mecklenburg, and the lack of an apparent heir, Duke William makes his claim to it, going farther back in history than what has mostly been needed, but he goes unchallenged and is crowned so. Back home, it is decided to set up a council in Hamburg, comprising of representatives from each province. The council has its first meeting in November, and begins business. The economy continues to recover, thanks in part to a decision by the HTSC before Hamburg's declaration of war, to order most of the company's ships to remain in foreign port for the time being. The Bank of Hamburg grows, with branches stretching out. Hesse and Oldenburg are asked if branches could be established in their territory. The second census reveals over half of Hamburg's population, 54%, follow the Dutch Reformed Church.
 * Hesse Dip: We allow the Bank Of Hamburg to establish branches in the Grand Duchy.
 * Oldenburger Dip: Always keen for competition in the financial sector, we permit one bank to be built, near the Roscoll and Jade banks.
 * Mayan Empire: Hearing tell of lands in the sea, we send a fleet of ships to one of these islands, and name after Yuacatan Island. It becomes a small colony. (Mods, which island is this going to be?) We expand the economy. we push 100 pixels miles south.
 * Spar, spell your Island correctly. You can not make colonies yet, this is illegal. 100 pixels? Yeah, right. You just reformed the Mayans after a fallout, you can expand 10-20 max per turn. SwankyJ (talk) 13:39, April 2, 2014 (UTC)


 * Safavid Persian Empire: After years of influencing the disorganized territory, we officially vassalise Mesopotamia. this new Mannisurya caliphate who claims our land is declared "false to Islam". the infrastructure improves continuously The wall around the capital continues to be built
 * Andorra: We send troops to Armagnac to make for terror. Our military and economy expands. We declare war on France.
 * Foix: We help Andorra by sending troops to help terrorize Armagnac. Our military and economy expand. We declare war on France.
 * Can a mod please make an algo for this war please.
 * I am not a mod, so I can not cross this out. But you have no reason to declare war on France especially because the start of this terror was cloak and dagger. Your government would never want to show its responsibility for this aggression. SwankyJ (talk) 13:27, April 2, 2014 (UTC)
 * Nothing you say in any turn has ever been reasonable and plausible. You can't just invade a nation three times your size and think you'd win. Not to mention since you were covert, your government couldn't logically attack France without an overt casus belli. Please stop your irrational posts now or you will be dealt with.ALLONS-Y! (Basically, RUN!) 13:48, April 2, 2014 (UTC) I am attacking France so I can lose. 
 * I do not want to play as Foix and Andorra anymore. If you let me play as a different nation I would be more plausible but since I can't, fuck you. 
 * You don't say fuck you to a mod. You broke rules and you're implausible. I'm going to ban you. Good day. ALLONS-Y! (Basically, RUN!) 17:47, April 2, 2014 (UTC)
 * Novgorod: We continue the production of Koch boats, cannons, hand cannons, advanced crossbows, swords, and composite bows, increasing our military capabilities in case of war. The nation’s training and advancement of military continues. We are producing our new crossbow, and we send the first 50 crossbows to Mecklenburg to test out and the other 250 to test in our nation. We expand north 5528 sq km (by 80 pixels) into undiscovered land, by sending explorers on koch boats to explore the land in the Kola peninsula. The recent classes of Koch ships are being manufactured in Novgorod. The town of St Patriksburg’s population grows a bit more that last year. As the construction of the town improves, the kremlin finishes, trade becoming more in demand, the town gains slightly. Because of the trade road built with Tver our economy increases. We are still talking about the possible unification of the Rus’ with Muscovy. The Russian language is spreading throughout the nation. After seeing a great success with the private schools in the cities of Novgorod, St Patriksburg, Staraya Russa, and Nizhny Novgorod. We start building another private school in Rostov and Yaroslavl. We complete building private schools in Torzhok and a private school in Staraya Ladoga. In the year 1445, we will annex Rostov and Yaroslavl into Novgorod. We vassalized Tver, and we are looking to annex Rostov, Tver, and Yaroslavl in the far future. We upgrade our infrastructure.
 * Tver: We complete the construction of the private school in Tver and we start the new one. We upgrade our military after being a vassal of Novgorod. We upgrade our economy because of the trade established between Yaroslavl, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We upgrade our infrastructure.
 * Yaroslavl: We complete the construction of the private school in Yaroslavl and we start the new one. We upgrade our military after being a vassal of Novgorod. We upgrade our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We upgrade our infrastructure.
 * Rostov: We completed the construction of the private school in Rostov and start the new one. We upgrade our military after being a vassal of Novgorod. We upgrade our economy because of the trade established between Tver,Yaroslavl, Muscovy and Novgorod. We upgrade our infrastructure.
 * Pskov: Asks to sell the strip of land we asked to buy ages ago in exchange for monetary aid for war recovery, here is a map
 * 1450_Pskov-Prussia_PM3.pngaga Shogunate: Worship of Shinto in shrines and temples is further centralised, with most priests giving up donations to the state. The few that don't are intimidated into falling into line, with a number of shrines vandalised by government sponsored vandals. The Shogun sends emissaries to the Emperor, offering to style him as the leader of Shintoism in Japan in return for the small state under Imperial control to be ceded to the Ashikaga. The Shogun points out that this would give the Emperor real power and status rather than his current role as a powerless figurehead. Mod response please.
 * Prussia: The Prussians continue to convert to the Western Church. The Prussians begin to build their army.
 * Masovia: The Kingdom of Masovia also continues recovering their economy and continues building a new national army. The Masovians continue construction of their capital at Czersk. The Masovians also continue converting to the Western Church.
 * Pomerania: The Pomeranians continue building their economy and continue building a new national army. The Pomeranians also continue converting to the Western Church.
 * Courland: The Curonians also begin developing their economy and military. The Curonians also begin converting to the Western Church.
 * Pskov asks for the land indicated in orage and in exchange will give money and trade deals.
 * The Kingdom of England (member state of the Kingdoms of Greater Albion): English military and navy are expanded with many new war cogs being added to the English fleets. The North Sea trade is almost completely dominated by the North Sea Trading Alliance (Holland and Albion, mostly). Nordic and English culture continues to blend, with stories of the mythical Norse gods becoming popular reading among the wealthy segments of the population. Scotland continues to integrate the government fully with that of England and of Albion in full. Work with the Celts continue in Scotland and Ireland working to bring the two cultures closer together. Albion sends more explorers to Africa, particularly in the OTL regions of Sierra Leone and the Ivory Coast. Edmund Trading Port in OTL Sierra Leone continues to see expansive trade and is renamed Edmundburgh. Due to the damage to the palaces, King Edmund elects to move the seat of Albion temporarily to York while the repairs to central London continues. The Albionic and English Navies are continuously and massively expanded in an effort to retain control over the waters of the North. New and larger, more powerful ships are built as well as the Albionic equivalent to the Norse Karak, but with more guns and a slightly larger masthead. English explorers begin to map the coast of Africa for the King, making it down the coast near OTL Gabon. James Severus' famous book, The Eddies of Great Albion: Poetry from the Past becomes a popular read across the Isles and is shipped abroad with trade merchants, spreading Anglo-Celt culture far and wide. Hearing of the instability in Morocco through traders and through government channels, a small English fleet is detached with an army to be used at the will of Castile and Morocco to help defend the territory. The Albion foreign minister states it is because of religious conviction as well as a concern of instability in the region, that these troops are offered. After decades of construction, the navy now hovers at more than 140 ships from England (Wales and England) alone, with the combined fleets of all of Albion the number is closer to 200, a feat that would not have been possible without the wisdom of the Admiralty. The hope is by the end of the next few decades the fleet size will double. The navy has always been, and will continue to be, a priority of His Majesty's crown government. In Albion, the first books are printed in English, inspiring a nationalistic attitude among the population. several books including The Eddies of Great Albion are translated into English, as well as Gaelic. The Aeneid becomes the first of a string of classical literature printed in the Isles and is distributed throughout. Books written by Roman tacticians from the old Province of Britannia are sent to Eire. All alliances and trade agreements with Hungary are still in effect, Albion hopes to have many years of peace and cooperation. All trade is accepted and a duty free zone is established.
 * Hungary is heartened to hear the news and hopes the alliance between the nations can continue strongly. The Hungarians also ask their allies if the Hungarians would be able to establish a port on the Isle of Wright. The cost of the land will be paid by Hungary, as well as construction cost for the port. England can then choose whether it would want the port to pay tax to the crown or would like a share of the profits.
 * Dublin: After the years of upgrading, Dublin becomes a shining jewel in the Eire. Dublin founds the Bank of Eire as an offshoot of the Bank of England. The Bank of England sees modernization. The Albionic and English Navies are continuously and massively expanded in an effort to retain control over the waters of the North. The Eddies of Great Albion: Poetry from the Past becomes a popular read in Dublin, one of the most important trading ports in Eire.
 * Wales: The Welsh military and navy are expanded. The Welsh begin to see the fruits of all the English banking investments as large areas of the nation see improvements in infrastructure. Representation in the Albion Parliament increases as a minor population boom in and around Cardiff begins. The Albionic and English Navies are continuously and massively expanded in an effort to retain control over the waters of the North.
 * Castile: The Castilian economy continues a larger process of pulling in more money through trade. The infrastructure of Castile is also expanded more. Castile, in order to facilitate more conversions to Christianity, imposes higher taxes on non-Christians in the areas it controls personally or by proxy through its vassals. Castile has successfully mapped large parts of the African coast south of Morocco and down as far as their trade posts in the Kongo these are kept secret.  The Castilian nobility begins to adapt toward a newer system to revamp or work on their power as they move toward becoming advisors to the king and less involved in their feudal estates which while growing have developed Guilds to facilitate payments for the efforts of the men working, The expert worksmanship of many of these men has seen notable increase in productivity for each feudal state with most lords not complaining. The Kingdom's cities begin to be improved with better sanitation and the King hires architects to plan out a sewer system, as well as a true plan for multiple major cities. Castile begins a major process of researching the matchlocks acquired from the nethelrands  acquired and develops its own version which is used to replace the older weapons. which is finally finished. The construction of a new kind of warship with cannons is completed - a heavy warship much more powerful than most other ships of the time. The King notices the heavily increased productivity and income flow due to his hands off policy and non-interference and begins to allow artists, minstrels and other artistic and scientific minds to become more prevalent in Castile, many believe the Castilian Renaissance is imminent. Castile, due to its naval range, high income, extensive and dominant trade network, becomes one of the largest and most dynamic trade empires of the Atlantic and Western Mediterranean. The Castilian navy with its new heavy warships and some new updated designs for older ships organizes a heavy royal fleet phasing out past organizations. The Royal army of Castile has now almost wholly replaced the previous feudalistic military forces and has a size of nearly 50,000 and growing thanks in part to the good funding being provided by the king. In order to make up for lost power the King as behest of his new wife, and several of his friends who are nobles create a king's advisory council which officially has the power of the king in many matters if authorized. The men are also given station to criticize the king's actions to keep him from going crazy with power. The Knights Hospitaller are moved more into Castile with their professional fighting strength and religious zeal used to patrol the borders of Castile's Gibraltar province. The Knights are also given the authority to police the majority Christian Tangiers now, and effectively prevent many Muslims from coming over the border to wreak havoc.   Castile's navy, now heavily funded and expanded greatly, reaches a large number of combat and tradeworthy ships and with its trade from Oyo, and various supply bases establishes military and trade dominance over the West African areas as well as its locality in the Mediterranean. The Castilian trade dominance in West Africa remains unbudged as Castile directly owns and has the majority of the gold and ivory trades coming out of West and North Africa. Castile's population reaches around 5.7 million and growing. (I have been focusing heavily on growth of population and have not been involved in nearly the number of destructive wars as OTL Castile has been). The Castilian Renaissance reaches its full swing with art and scientific advancement being allowed by the State as many of the religious fanatics and dissidents are fighting in Morocco, along with this, the highly respected middle and artisan classes are able to afford a much better living with various artists painting great works and with one even gaining an audience with the royal family for a painting. The Castilian navy reaches a large force of nearly 550 ships using the huge funding from Castile's conquests, trading, and other situation to fund this navy. The technology of the Castilian navy is improved heavily as the king begins to focus more on the quality of his ships rather than the quantity which results in better quality ships (like an early carrack and my previously developed pre-galleon). The exploration continues just below the Kongo as the Castilian exploration parties manage to gather supplies from the Kongo's friendlier tribes. These exploratory parties have reached OTL southern Angola and a little bit farther south but supply constraints and lack of knowledge of the area prevents further progress. Castile begins sending missionaries to the Kongo to convert the friendlier tribes which is relatively successful. Castile continues to convert to the Western Church with the king and his royal family attempting to preach about the new church and its benefits to the common man and not keeping them in the dark. The Conversion to the Western/Consuete Church continues with a relative majority accepting following the issues with nobility.  The Castilian navy with new ships replacing the old ones begins military drills for preparedness and experience. Castile also now not having the troop strength to hold onto Tangiers anymore (due to the war) transfers control of the city and surrounding area to the kingdom of Morocco. With the independence of Alexandria sends major amounts of aid to the Christians in Alexandria and begins basing more ships in Cyprus to help support them. King Henry seeing Oyo having mostly collapsed established multiple trading posts in the area to talk with the natives and continues to trade heavily in gold and somewhat in ivory. The King also has a child with his Aragonian wife named Elizabeta (Scraw didn't have a name. I had to make one up) named Ferdinand who is now two years old. The Castilian navy begins establishing multiple trade posts up and down the African coasts more for contact and conversions to Christianity rather than full blown trade in multiple areas. The Castilian king Henry IV funds an exploratory fleet down from Congo to map the area and identify areas suitable for a trade posts or resupply point with the expressed purpose of reaching India by the close of the Century. This objective is kept a secret from most everyone but the ships men and captains and the closest members of the Castilian court. King Henry begins to act somewhat irrationally obsessed with power to a degree but the advisory members of the king manage to reign him in and begin the push toward giving the king's council some real power. This is supported by the majority of the nobles and given his recent behaviour most of the King's family backs it up as well. King Henry reluctantly relents and gives some real power to the king's council (this does not mean i have just randomly transformed into a parliamentary monarchy its just one of many looooong stepping stones toward it in the 1600's and 1700's) The Castilian navy begins pushing the exploratory border to the southern tip of Angola and into northern Namibia.


 * Kingdom of Granada:  The Kingdom of Granada is formed with quick help thanks to Castile and the kingdom begins to recruit local Christians to help fight in the army. The economy, while meager, is growing. However, the country focuses heavily on fighting the Civil war at hand organizing areas beyond the area of control to help gain Christian allies as they begin to kill Muslim forces. The Civil war is far from over (they expanded this turn due to Castile forming them.) The Kingdom is formed in a relatively common way as the Muslims are currently being fought as what is deemed "hispanic tradition."  The Kingdom itself is relatively successful in fighting the Muslims in its general locale and has secure its main territory just offset from Gibraltar relatively easily. The Prince of Granada is a Castilian noble named Juan Cortez who is extremely biased against Muslims due to his father's death in the original war against Morocco over Gibraltar. Many of the Muslims within the new kingdom's borders are put to the sword and periodic raids and support parties are sent out to help Christian forces fight in the disorganized lands. The country also begins a relatively large buildup of the road system repairing it from damage from the civil war. The countries armed forces also begin to fight the remaining Muslims in the mountains and begin the force conversion of the remaining Muslims in Granada.
 * Kingdom of the Canaries:  The Canaries are able to build upon the multiple viable settlements and a moderately sized and growing population. The Canaries, finally completely covering the islands, begins to send moderately sized fleets that are resupplied from the islands and from Castile to continually explore the area. The Canaries help supply settlers and fleets moving to Capo Verde and Western Africa.
 * Kingdom of Cyprus:  The King of Cyprus is now King Alexander of Cyprus. The King of Cyprus begins to see Castilian culture not as a dominant force but a possible blendable culture that can fit well within Cypriot society. The economy and military of the country is built up as is the infrastructure with a nice road system being built throughout the country. Cyprus gaining large funds from being a Castilian trade hub, begins building a few ships domestically, and purchases ships from Castile, or her allies shipwrights forming a respectable Cypriot navy of almost 90 ships with expected expansion to come. This expansion has been achieved specifically thanks to huge amounts of outsourcing to private shipwrights. Cyprus begins to see an exodus of the Knights Hospitaller West to Castile and her territories and King Matthias begins a larger recruitment for the military managing to raise a force of nearly 10,000. This force is largely funded through the large trade Cyprus has gathered. The troops are styled after Castile's royal army and Cyprus embarks on an intense training program in order to bring them up to standards. The Knights, with many departing also have many older and other knights stay due to their close ties with Cyprus. They remain to run the Knights Hospitaller in Cyprus for the foreseeable future while a large number have migrated across the sea. King Matthias is killed in religious riots in Cyprus leaving his highly capable son in charge. King Fernando manages to continue to hold Cyprus for his mother nation of Castile and has successfully seen the minor and moderate blending of culture in the area.
 * Kingdom of Morocco:  The less fortunate and disenfranchized are converted. The Kingdom itself is a Christian kingdom with a similar situation of early Castile and Aragon, with large numbers of Muslims and a small number of Christians. However, the Christian community in Morocco is expanded thanks to the influx of traders and settlers from Castile and some other immigrants looking for an opportunity to live a new life here. The Kingdom establishes its capital in Casablanca and with this, begins a major point of establishing a major military presence in the area.  The infrastructure, particularly in dealing with transport and water, is expanded to accommodate more people but the only people allowed to settle are Christians - particularly from Hispania. A notable number of Castilians settle the area. While Christians remain the minority, the kingdom of Morocco sets up various churches and allows preachers to roam around and convert people. The Kingdom begins to push toward integration of the city of Tangiers into the kingdom. This would give the Kingdom two important cities. Heavy taxes are imposed on Muslim traders in order to facilitate conversions to Christianity while lower more friendly taxes are given to Christian merchants. The leader of Morocco styled a king, out of respect deducts himself in rank to Prince of Morocco as the throne is only to be held by the King of Castile himself if it's ever required. The country begins the construction of various canals and cultivates trees farther inland to help increase arable farmland. The Moroccan economy continue to expand with greater trade coming from Castile and the Canaries all the way down to Capo Verde increasing the relative wealth. The Kingdom's army proper raised by immigrant Christians now numbers about 7000 itself and is expected to grow. The Kingdom of Morocco begins to take control of territory in the interior of Morocco proper following the Castilian and English forces and securing the areas (this territory is being integrated into the kingdom of Morocco). The population of Morocco is an estimated 420,000 currently with an increasing amount of people settling in the country. The city of Fez begins to rebuilt at the Holy City of Calne-Vicuna for the Consuete (Western) Church.


 * Chiribaya: We increase trade with the other nations of the trade alliance.
 * The Koryak Confederacy: is disappointed at the failure of its attack on the Mongol Khanate. The survivors of its cavalry force, decimated by horrific weather conditions, succeeded in rafting the Lena to its source near Lake Baikal, but arrived after the campaign had already been resolved in favour of China. The 500 survivors returned up the river, establishing a fort at Ust-Kut 200 km north of Lake Baikal. In order to prevent another such costly fiasco, trade links with southern Siberia are expanded. Infrastructure, including roads and docks, are constructed along the Kolmya River and at the Lena's delta. Traders come south along the river with boatloads of goods. In order to deepen links with the reticent tribes, trade pacts are offered to the Nenets, Yenisei and Tatars. the Tatars, as the most powerful group, are also offered a military alliance.  (Mod Response, Please - this isn't ASB, the Siberian rivers were used as trade routes for centuries). 
 * ​Chukchis: Improve economy by adopting agriculture.
 *  ​ East Yakuts: Expand 2000 km west.
 * Ashikaga Dip: The Shogun offer the Koryak Confederacy a free trade deal, whereby all taxes on imports and exports between us are lifted.
 * The Council agrees. They also request more Shinto priests to cope with the growing Shinto population in the Confederacy and train native Koryaks to become priests.
 * Venetian Republic:
 *  Books on various topics spread from Venice throughout Europe, continuing the Renaissance. Printed in the Venetian language, they teach of the sciences and humanities and revive learning, spreading knowledge (as well as the language) far and wide. .
 *  With the increased supply of Ducats, the fluidity of European trade increases with Ducat using nations benefiting most. 
 *  Many people sentenced to death are drowned in the canals as is the Venetian tradition. The tradition is becoming the primary way to execute criminals and is spreading to the Venetian territories across Europe. 
 *  Fine wool and silk clothing from Titani is exported across the Mediterranean and Black Sea and begins to set the trend in Renaissance clothing. 
 *  Venetian trade reaches across the known world. Merchant ships carry salt, silks, glass and a collection of other goods, both common and rare. Venetian traders are the largest carriers of trade in Europe, with the thousands of ships and a trading tradition continuing to fuel this. 
 *  The Roscol Bank uses local subsidiaries all across Europe to fund trade, with a leaning toward funding trade with Venice. They also fund enterprises across the continent, boosting the economies of the nations which they inhabit. The Roscol Bank invests conservatively. While this doesn't bring in as much wealth as other nations' banking, such as the Dutch, it results in a much more robust level of equity. 
 *  Due to the stability of business and protection afforded to private enterprise in Venice, many merchants set up shop in the city despite being foreign, utilising the Venetian law to protect their businesses. Criminals and a less divided merchant class mean prosperity for all those involved with Venetian business in some way. 
 * In Veneto: The Masaro Collegantia buys its first ships, working from Coixa where it has warehouses. The Roscol Collegantia feels challenged by the move. 200 ships, equally galley and cog, are decommissioned and replaced with 100 new Carros or Navebaga as they are known by commoners. The arsenal of Venice is being modernised, it is estimated it will take five more years to complete. Hungary continues to boost the economy of Venice and vice versa. The Doge decides to support Venetian culture further. He funds conversions to Venetian culture across the Republic and Empire. The new business court in Venice boosts the economic stability in the Empire and with all nations that Venice trades with, making it harder for criminals to operate. Settling disputes between various merchants means that the class is less divided. While this helps economic growth it also gives them more influence as they can focus more on the politics of the state than the politics of trade. The Order of Saint Mark continues to grow in size and influence, numbering now 28,000 members and still growing. The Order sets up a base of operations in Venice, aiming to work on bringing more influence to the True Faith. The beliefs of faith are popular amongst commoners - especially those who feel the church does not practice the faith properly. Alexandria is slowly becoming more and more of a hub of the True Faith as commoners convert to the belief en masse.
 * In Porto Tolle: Potensa Sasono continues to build relations with various peoples of Porto Tolle. He also works on converting more people to the True Faith. The Order of Saint Mark spreads farther with 1500 members in the region now making Porto Tolle a stronghold for the Cavaliers Sanmarco.
 * In Istra: Potensa Balsamo institutes a larger force of Pretors and begins cracking down on what he sees as sinful business. Brothels and bookkeepers are attacked and their owners arrested to go on trial.
 * In Scutari: Romaso le Ros continues to work on cementing control of Scutari, he declares that the place shall be one of tolerance, but demands loyalty and obedience only to him. Anyone who steps out of line causes mass punishment, a boy who steals bread finds that he and his family are killed for his crime.
 * In Epirote Free Ports: Preveza suffers from many deaths, and people are unhappy and riot constantly. Meanwhile in Saranda and Titani, most people face stringent diets, although look forward to the year's bountiful harvest.
 * In the Peloponnese: The Great Alm continues to increase education amongst the lower classes and with that, the True Faith also grows. The local Order of Saint Mark grows, largely from religious masters, priests and learned men making the Peloponnese branch unique to the majority of mixed and Cavalier based branches.
 * In Attica: The local Order of Saint Mark grows to 2300 people, they also recruit 500 peasants who sail to Alexandria to begin their work as Cavalier Sanmarco.
 * In Morocco: The forts construction is normal, it is estimated it will take just seven more years to build all the forts. Immigrants arrive in the cities of Venetian Morocco, further pushing the cities to the Venetian's side. Meanwhile, some Potensas also practise leniency toward the Muslim populace as well as conversion. As of now, about 25% of the population identify as either Christian or Venetian.
 * Eco-turn
 * Epirote Republic:
 * In Epirus: Many die from drought. However, they are by and large the isolated members of society. Epirus builds its military.
 * Mil-turn
 * Venetian Empire:
 * In the Province of Aegina: the military grows. Mil-turn
 * In the Free Port of Athens: the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * In the Province of Candia: the military grows. Eco-turn
 * In the Corfiot Protectorate: the military grows. Mil-turn
 * In the Province of Kaffa: the military grows. Mil-turn
 * In the Naxian Protectorate: the military grows. Mil-turn
 * In the Province of Negroponte: the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * In the Free Port of Ragusa: the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * Ica-Nazca: We expand our military.
 * Chancay (vassal of Ica-Nazca): We build more fishing ships, improving our economy.
 * Chimor (vassal of Ica-Nazca): We expand southeast 10 pixels, wrapping around the northern border of Wanka. We expand our military.
 * Sican (vassal of Ica-Nazca): We expand our military consisting of kamayuks and slingers.
 * Cuzco: We expand our military and economy (everyone is expanding more than one). Ties continue to deepen between the other nations and Cuzco. We build ships to make better use of Lake Titicaca and scout out a small island on the lake. As trade increases with our allies, Cuzco becomes more of a finaincal center. To secretly  establish Cuzco's domincnace in the alliance, we prepose Tawantinsuyu, or the Four Regions, to the Ica-Nazca, Wanka and Chiribaya that would unite our nations (Confederacy style, we would all remain independent and would pursue our own interests. Discuss on my talk page) Regardless of the others answers, we prepare to expand east next year.


 * Wanka: Infrastructure and economy expand. We accept Cuzco's offer and prepare to aid them in expansion.
 * Mughal Empire: The war is a challenge to the Mughal army as the numerous Indian states attack from all sides. Soldiers are prepared to retreat and the ships in Bahmani are already ready to set sail in case of the worst situation. The Emperor raises all men willing and/or ready to take upon a weapon to fight for the Mughal Empire (will be detailed tomorrow).
 * Southern Chagatai: The Chagatai Khan, installed by Babur during the split sends his forces through the Mughal Empire to Jaunpur.
 * Caucasian Confederation: The pan-Caucasian expeditionary force is recalled from Alexandria, as the campaign is deemed victorious. However, the Confederation continues supplying the Alexandrians. The confederation also continues to supply Assyrian rebels in Mesopotamia, hoping to secure Mosul and the fertile Tigris flood plain for the Assyrian Christians. Georgia, Armenia, Assyria, Rani, and Amier-Kavkasia all expand their infrastructure, jointly renovating and expanding the Tagaschan that connects the major cities of the Orthodox Caucasian states.
 * Pskov, with its trade networks fresh and restored, continues to progress as a leading trade power in the Baltic, with new trade routes underway, the Pskovians coffers once again begin filling with gold, especially after the sale of all those useless muskets now that their army size has halved. The Pskovian Treasury Mint officially starts storing its gold reserve in "Zolotiye Grivni" (Golden Grivnas) or, in common tongue, zologrivnyas, while the gold awaits minting, and also to keep the coinage up to date. The production of zolotniks continues, and trade with Poland and Lithuania fills Pskov's coffers once more, Now not having to pay for military ... that is, until Muscovy comes to Pskov nearly bankrupt from the war effort, one of the reasons they seemingly abandoned the war effort and took all punishment dished out to it. Pskov, not wanting to anger God by refusing aid to their brothers, gives Muscovy a loan to safeguard their existance, but on the condiiton that the Prince of Pskov gains a perpetual seat on the Muscovian council, and that Muscovy removes any and all taxes on Pskovian goods. The Muscovians, out of desperation, agree. Printing begins to spread to other parts of the nation, with many books re-invigorating the study of anatomy. The recorded human disections are done on bodies of dead soldiers and those murdered, to try to figure out cause of death officially, but unofficially to figure out how the body works. The official story is enough to let the Veche agree. News about what is now being called the "Defillation of Perm" is published in books. the Pskovian Veche agrees to have a monthly newsletter available to anyone willing to read, furthering the uses of the printing mechanisms. Philosophical debates happen more frequently, and Pskov is beginning to seem like a center of philosophy in Russia. The Pskovians continue to demand the release of all Russian slaves to the Jochids as a sign of good faith.
 * Netherlands: With the collapse of the TImirud empire and the State in Egypt and the subsequent rise of new states in its place partitioning the silk road, Dutch Merchants begin looking at their exploration along the African coast with much greater interest. greater funds are granted to expeditions and the outpost in OTL Nigeria is giving much greater attention, with it being fortified to and a dock is to be constructed. The expedition begins exploring farther south along the Kongo Coast. Naval expansion begins once more, as newer ship designs are put forth. dominance over the north sea along with london continues as Amsterdam grows in importance. Cultural and scientific development grows as Brussels and Amsterdam start producing some of the finest works of the era. The printing press used by the Wallon poet catches the attention of other writers and more of the devices are purchased and employed throughout the lowlands. Production of matchlocks and cannons continue on a large scale, and are sold to Netherland's allies. Maurice van Nassau becomes greatly interested in navigation and requests money to outfit an expedition of his own which is reluctantly granted by his father.
 * Ayutthaya continues to send trade delegations to Padang and Kedah. The new laws passed in the previous year begin to have effect, and militias from the nations are significantly boosted and lesser costs. We again offer our trade treaty to Bengal, which would allow for a protected channel of trade between our great nations. As a result of the central government's pro-trade treaties, our economies expand significantly, with trading cities growing in size and population. Indaraja II proposes to the lesser kings a meeting of the kings that would elect a new King following the death of the prior one. The Buddhist population undergoes a large growth after the arrival of a new, prominent band of missionaries from China. As a result of this, apart other things, our relations with China (Hopefully) continue to improve. The technology of the navy expands as new ships are built to carry trade and influence throughout South East Asia. The King begins a new process of renovation on the Capital, expanding it, building new levels of walls around it, and repairing older buildings. The population of the city, partly as a result of this, increases by almost five thousand people in this time. The banking industry is strengthened throughout the nation after the government offers loans to all banks with holdings over the equivalent worth of one ton of gold. (Yes, banks existed in Asia at this time. The first modern "banks" appeared in India in around 750 BC) The Tai peoples of nearby nations aid us in our quest for peace and prosperity over the region. The population begins to increase. The central army- small as it is- continues year round training, while the forced standing armies of all the principalities begin to pay off, culling any and all possible rebellions before they take place. We seek peace with the Khmer, and again offer a marriage.
 * Rumania: Radu, now 25, returns home after years of war, The Bulgarians have been quelled and peace once again returns. Immediately the economy improves to near pre-war levels, as thousands of soldiers return home. The economy begins to grow again, after a multiyear stagnation. Several new mines open, as well as a few foundries. Mills are constructed along the many rivers of Rumania. Uninhabited land is redistributed to veterans and their families. Boyars protest the move, but have little power to prevent it. The treasure is nearly empty after the wars, and it will be some time before the situation improves. The states of: Kiev, Chernigov, Volhynia and the Azovan Khanate are all sent trade offers, and Alliance offers. (Mod Response needed)
 * The Consulate of Bulgaria: Rebellious nobles are executed, their lands distributed to either free peasants or other lords. The ringleaders of the rebellion are hunted down and killed. Meanwhile, all the peasants involved are pardoned and return home. Work continues on roads and bridges.
 * In Sanafah's fourth year of independence, the new state sends a small group of people to Dina Morgabin (Reunion) and continues to look into the possibilities of settling Dina Arobi (Mauritius). This venture inspires completion of the Mahajanga Port, as well as work that begins on the port of Maroantsetra, which opens to the Helodrano Antongila Bay. Meanwhile, Chieftain Tiavina Ralofoaro continues to make plans for his accession to the Sakalava chiefdom, which will happen soon, if all goes as expected, since the current ruler is falling ill in old age. Tiavina's son, 16 years old today, is married to the eldest princess of Betsileo, the only other organized kingdom on the island. Trade continues to draw more and more revenue, and population rates go up as the standard of living increases. The paganistic Sunni Islam continues to permeate through the island. An alliance is established with Mabuto, and emmissaries are sent there to develop the needed plans for future vassalization. The Malagasy language and the Swahili language begin to intermingle, and most traders in the Kingdom know both languages. Emir Amaar Rahasan prepares to lead a small war into the Merina Kingdom, and solidifies alliances with the Comoros, the Betsileo, Mozambique, and the Sofala Emirates to secure their support in the war. Meanwhile, the Council continues infrastructure development, with the conclusion of the construction of the mosque and the Capitol building. Slash and burn tactics begin slowly to clear land for the expanding population. More large trade expeditions are sent to Swahili, Sumal, and Iritriya to continue good relations, and we enter into a mutual defensive pact with al-Swahili.
 * Eire: We rejoice when Thomond and later other Irish states lay down arms and join us, and 55 years after King Thomas' fateful dream, Eire becomes fully united, save the city of Dublin, which remains independent and remaining so for the forseeable future. Celebrations occur in towns across Eire, and the King and his entourage tours Eire, with the help of the new road system. We begin expanding roads to newly-acquired regions in Eire, hoping to connect all major towns, and spread new Irish ideals such as Occidentalism (Western Catholicism) and pro-Albionism. Stabilization after years of expansion continues, with many soldiers in the military for years during Eire's fighting begin to settle down, and the navy continues to be built up. Cork and Ballydrogheda undergo a renaissance, as the unification of Ireland allows for the ability to export products from all across the Isle. As such, trade increases. the King begins to modernize the military forces, with the eventual forces consisting of a main line of pikemen, Gaelic skirmishers on the flanks, crossbowmen behind the skirmishers, and the cavalry behind all. Wool begins to become a more popular farm product, with a few people living in the towns beginning to manufacture cloth in small quantities.
 * Leinster: Celebrations go off as the Isle is united. Leinster, however, remains a vassal state, a member of the Confederation of Eire and Albion, but not of Eire proper, and is granted special status in autonomy from Eire. Roads expand in Leinster, tying it fully with the rest of Eire. (Inf-turn)
 * ​County of Oldenburg: The military is built up.
 * Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: The Bishop encounters opposition to his acquisition of nobles' lands. He builds up the military.
 * Oyo Empire: The Oyo continue with the development of their naval technologies, and the expansion of their new fleet of yanyan ships. Multiple vessels are sent to trade with the Kongo, and trade with the Mali increases as the Oyo grow to become the regional power, displacing the Mali who are lagging behind technologically. Though the plague did much to weaken the Oyo population's numbers, because the majority of those killed by the disease were either old or infirmed, the census for 1460 shows a population of 9,135,523, which has no doubt seen a great recovery thanks to the government's push for larger families to pursue the needs of the nation's expansion. With dozens of clean, planned cities, and paved roadways linking them all together, as well as an organized system which facilitates the swift spread of information throughout Oyo, Oyo has reached a point where it has surpassed all the native African nations around it ideologically, technologically and economically. With the annexation of Benin following its collapse population-wise, the Oyo seek to turn their eyes toward the sea in a new stage of their development as a people.
 * In Mangut Nivkhgu, The Resplendent One focuses less on expansion and more on shoring up trade routes. (Economic Turn) 
 * Ottoman Empire: The Sultan accepts the non-aggression pact and trade deal by the Mansuriyya Caliphate. The Sultan decides not to get involved in any Mesopotamian, as many Ottoman soldiers were driven away by local citizens. The Sultan does keep his eye on Syria and the Levant, however, in case any conflict breaks out in that region, in which case the Ottomans will get involved. The military improves in anticipation of any large-scale warfare. As well, the Sultan oversees the construction of many new fleets, based on the design of European fleets many had witnessed in battle. He sends many out to fare the seas, and one makes it to Tunis to establish trade with the local merchants.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire continues to integrate its new territories back into the nation, although by this point they are firmly once again part of the Roman system of law and governance. The military continues to improve itself, and the new cavalry units trained in Thessaly are now being used throughout the Empire. The matchlock guns continue to be replicated and produced, and by this point a fair number of them are in use by the military. The economy has an interesting year, with expanded trade from the Black Sea and Thessalonica increasing revenue, yet the collapse of the Mashriq Sultanate and the difficult situation regarding the Silk Road forces the Roman government to reconsider its economic options. The Roman government begins to move its economic activities toward the western part of the Mediterranean in order to connect better with the rest of Europe. Trade routes already exist to Barcelona, Valencia and Genoa, and to further the economic progress in the area, new routes are opened up to Melitta, Marseilles and Syracuse, along with other more minor routes.
 * Albania: The main castle at Kukes has completed construction and most of the roads in the nation have as well. The national military continues to be trained and a few small numbers of matchlock guns enter the army thanks to trade with the Roman Empire. More and more Albanians enter the nation from the surrounding Italian-controlled areas.
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Landshut expands its military. The population continues to rise. Grand Duchess Regent Elisabeth and her council continue to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with twenty-five very large cogs being finished, and by 1460 a trade route is put in place. Such important places in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany, due to a longstanding trade deal. Continuing in 1460, Elisabeth commisions six cogs to sail around western Mediterranean coasts. The planned market center in Landshut continues to attract regional traders. In religious news, the country begins converting to the Western Netherlander church. By the end of this year, around 74% of the country adheres to the Western Church. Most adherents live around Munchen and Landshut. In other news, Bavaria continues implementing the Alliance and Merchant Act as well as the Militia and Navy Act. Elisabeth continues efforts to implement Sedevacantist policies in the government, being much more religious than her father. Furthermore, Elisabeth also arranges the Roscol Bank access to Landshut to do trading. The Venetian merchants take an interest in government bonds. In saddening news, Albert II dies senile and bedridden on January 9. Princess Eleanor is immediately proclaimed Grand Duchess that day, ending Elisabeth's regency. Over the course of the week, she organizes her Privy council and personal government. However, suspicions are raised when Jacqueline suddenly disappears from court. A warrant for her arrest is sent out, with the privy council in full fears of a possible coup. These fears come true on January 16, when a large retinue of body guards under Jacqueline storm the palace in Landshut and seize the government. Of Eleanor's sixteen councillors, nine of them are murdered, four are tortured, and three banished from Bavaria. Eleanor herself is arrested and proclaimed an illegitimate, usurper, upstart. Eleanor's husband, Robert of Italy, is expelled from the country. On January 20, Jacqueline is declared the one true Grand Duchess of Bavaria, Eleanor being locked away in Alter Hof castle in Munich. After several grand processions in Trausnitz Castle, the main palace of the Grand Duchess, Jacqueline consolidates her rule and appoints her privy council. She begins her reign by applying several of her mother and late father's policies. However, problems immediately arise when Jacqueline, inexprienced with finance and treasury, makes a folly of the tax levies over several weeks. While not intentional, Jacqueline causes about a financial mess by mid-May. The effects of the confused tax compositions slowly seep into the country. Beginning in late August, a small group of nobles conspire to re-install Eleanor to the throne. By December, the movement has an estimated 3000 following, mostly among the nobility. However, with the strong economic downturn and general distrust of Jacqueline, the composition of the plot largely includes the lower and middle classes as well.
 * Munchen: The main campus of Queen Isabell University is completed and the beginning courses include French, Latin, English, and Greek as well as theology, clergy training and mathematics being taught. By 1460, the total class amounts to about 2700 men. Troops authorized by Jacqueline continue training. Several markets are constructed in Munchen as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders. In recent news, unemployment begins to rise in the wake of tax disasters following Jacqueline's embarassing, confusing policies.
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Jacqueline continue training. Several markets are constructed in Straubing as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Jacqueline continue training. Several markets are constructed in Ingolstadt as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Jacqueline continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Jacqueline continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Jacqueline continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Jacqueline continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Wurzburg: Troops authorized by Jacqueline continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders. The Catholic clergy of Wurzburg are very hostile to Jacqueline's reign, seeing as how she is a runaway nun who revoked her vows to lead a life of wealth and power.
 * Trier: We upgrade our military and economy. The states around us are influenced. Trade routes are established, opening trade among Hesse, Cologne and Austria and her vassals. We dedicate this turn to infrastructure expansion, building several defenses, and roads to link towns across the nation. Fortifications around our capital are improved and updated.
 * Aragon expands its navy, economy and infrastructure. Trade power expands and free thinking is encouraged. Arts are sponsored by the rich, who are slowly becoming mostly merchants due to increasing wealth of merchants due to trade. Aragon begins to fund voyages along the coast of Africa, seeking the aid of Castilian trade maps and other things. Cyrenaica expands inland.
 * Mapuche: The past few years have been a time of peace and prosperity.  Most families have settled in small communities spread across the general territory, sharing crops, resources, and tools.  Due to the favorable climate and isolation from warring tribes, the population has flourished and is growing steadily.  There is a stable supply of food, allowing people to explore other interests, such as art, song and dance.  Over the years, several small veins of copper have been discovered, allowing the tribe to advance its copperworking and effectively improve its tools and weapons.  Though there is no centralized leadership at this stage in cultural development, there is a general sense of community and territory throughout the Mapuche lands.
 * The Hungarian King Sigismund, while leading a small frontguard himself, is ambushed by some of the remaining Serbian soldiers. Taken completely by surprise, many of his soldiers are killed quickly. However, Sigismund manages to rally up the remainder of his forces and fights the rebels hard. He kills no less than 15, yet in the process takes multiple wounds and hits as he tries to fight off the rebels and save the lives of his soldiers. They manage to hold out long enough for the majority of the army to catch up and quickly turn the rebels' ambush into a Serbian bloodbath. However, the King is in bad shape and is rushed to the nearest castle at full horseback speed. Word is also quickly sent to his son, who, with his wife and personal guard, sets off immediately and at full hoseback speed. They reach just in time to say their last goodbyes to the King, who did not recover from the wounds and after an emotional moment with his son and daughter in law, passes away. His son, Sigismund is soon proclaimed: Sigismund the III, King of Hungary and Croatia, High Lord of Garai, Split and Dalmatia, Ruler of Bosnia and the Protector of Serbia. For the funeral of his father, rulers and the elite from all of Hungary's allies are invited and most attend. It is an emotional moment, and many mourn how the King had been brave and had not been allowed to rule for his promised time, and his great accomplishments in the two wars he fought. On a solemn note, the new Queen announces she is pregnant with the child of Sigismund III and celebrations are largely muted. With the death of the King, the new King intends to finish off the job himself - leading a large force to every remaining trouble point and slaughtering Serbians in their thousands. His men fight viciously to avenge their former King and within four months the rebellion has all but died. The Garai noble and Sophia, the sister to the King, both attend the funeral and pay their respects. They return to Garay, where Sophia has taken up residence as the Garai noble's wife. Serbian males in Hungary are forced to work even harder and many die due to harsh treatment. Feelings toward the Serbs will not become milder anytime soon. People from Dalmatia are encouraged to move to Serbia once more and are told if they are single they can choose whichever women they like as their wife. This causes thousands to move southward and causes a large demographic shift. These men bring with them the knowledge of better farming practices and will help to cultivate higher yields of crops. The traitorous nobles are imprisoned and those who raise their forces are brutally crushed and executed for treason to the crown. The Dalmatian brigands disband and return to the villages the came to settle in. Many find these villages do not exist anymore and begin the hard job of rebuilding them ground up. They are joined by many Serbian women without husbands or partners and many end up marrying each other. Stored grains are used when they are needed, and prove to be a winning system. In the times of war, the stored grains help peasants feed themselves and keeps discontent down for now. For the construction of the new, large ships, extra manpower from Serbia arrives - greatly reducing manpower costs and speeding up construction. This will allow the crown to make more ships for the same amount of money. More large ships are constructed in the dockyards in Croatia. This helps to boost the military power of the navy, and these ships are soon sent south to go patrolling. More equipment for the soldiers is produced in forges and this will help arm more soldiers. Seeing the largening iron and steel demands, trading for those resources is increased in exchange for grains. With growing numbers of ships arriving from docks, the fleet off the coast strengthens and the naval division begins to expand its range of operations quickly in case there is a threat from the sea. Merchant ships use Byzantine and Venetian ports to trade and earn money in, while beginning to sail to UNC ports too, helping expand the influence of Hungarian merchants. With land bought from the UNC, the base of the ports begin to be constructed by workers from Hungary who have arrived onto the islands from Hungary. They soon begin to cut trees and gather supplies from incoming ships. This soon helps them to begin the construction of the ports and by the end of the year the base of the ports are laid and completed. The base in Jutland is by far the biggest due to its closeness to other trading powers as well as the ability for the crown to buy local workers. Trading with Zeta continues in earnest. The checkpoint castles are a great help in housing troops which are patrolling routes of both nations as well as wealthy and influential merchants and nobles travelling between the nations. Poland now sees greater economic growth as their economy is not only stable but able to grow rapidly on its own. The King of Poland listens more and more to his Hungarian advisors, with all the advise helping his nation grow even stronger economically as more and more money is invested in trading stalls and merchentile systems as well as the construction fo roads and such. This only serves to strengthen the Hungarian position and Poland now begins to fall under greater influence of Hungary. Sigismund dictates to the Polish advisors what must be done and this allows him to gain more and more control over Poland. He hopes to get the nation completely under Hungarian authority. The Polish army continues to grow in strength, actively training with Hungarian soldiers to better their fighting skills while getting supplied by Hungarian blacksmiths. Polish soldiers perform well in the Serb rebellion and help show they can still fight wars well. They return home and many help keep the peace within the nation. Missionaries begin to preach the word of god and distribute bibles to those who can read in a bid to convert secret pagans to Christendom and show them the light of god. Both nations now see a large amount of trade conducted within each other's borders and this makes the merchants learn of each other's languages. Many become fluent in Polish while other fluent in Hungarian. In the border regions, a mixture of the languages begin to develop as it becomes more convenient for speakers and tradesmen. Yet Serbian begins to influence language too, due to the large numbers of workers present in various parts of the nation. Large irrigation channels have been created by workers, helping to expand the regions of farmland under the control of the crown. Many of the irrigation projects in Serbia are restarted as construction begins once more to complete the irrigation channels and help to grow crops in a much better fashion. The Hungarians continue to influence (Four of Eight) Karaman, trying to exploit the potential of gaining another state to set up merchant ports in and expand Hungarian influence by supporting merchants and Christians alike as well as making sure no one Emir gains the upper hand. In secret gunsmiths, Rumanian and Roman knowledge is soon put under use as many begin to construct their own guns and make their own gunpowder. This is a major step on the way to developing new technologies which much of the world has no indication of. Much money is allocated for this, such is the need - very desperate are the Crown for the results of the experiments.
 * The Kingdom of Croatia continues to see a large trading boom occur within the nation as it becomes the gates of the Hungarian realms and helps to attract customers and merchants to the nation as well as Hungary. Wartime had brought about a boom in trading as supplies are now in greater demand, allowing merchants to grow richer by selling their goods. However, demand for certain materials tails off while continues and even increases for other materials. The dockyards cut the wood and build the large fighting vessels for the Crown, as requested by the king himself. More large ships are constructed and drain the Ottomans of their merchantile resources. A tariff for merchants trading is also in place but it is put at favourable levels with none for the Venetians due to the new alliance between the states and the amount of trading between them. Venetian traders are a common sight in Croatian ports, helping to bring in much revenue. Many Croat knights fight for the crown in the south - earning glory and helping the Hungarian cause.
 * In Garay, roads need to be remade due to their worsening condition and thus workers are drafted in to fix up the roads. Many nobles from Garay gain land and they use this land to help increase crop yields as well as the amount of trading ongoing between each of the nobles. The money is sent as taxes and used to upgrade the standings of the nobles themselves. Many men are also trained in military combat to make them more effective foot-soldiers.
 * In Split, the nobles begin to work on creating standing armies to manage and controlling their lands. Castles continue being built in the vassal while many old ones are completely torn apart and their land allocated for peasants. The soldiers of the nobles who were executed are distributed between the present nobles and they quickly begin to adapt - training with their new fighting partners. The nation trains its knights hard and trains commoners too. They move southward to fight the Serbs.
 * Bosnia: also sees a lot of economic and military growth. The nation begins to organise its own soldiers under the command of nobles who take part in knight competitions to increase their skill set while readying forces in case they are called up to defend the lands. Bosnia is used as a large base for the attacks against the Ottoman Empire, with a large portion of forces in the country present to rest and heal from battles. Bosnian soldiers are sent southward to help quell the rebellion in Serbia.
 * In Serbia: Order finally begins to be restored as the nobles begin to mop up the remaining rebels and bring peace to the war-stricken lands. Much of the land has been destroyed in the heavy fighting and in the burning of villages. Thus, the local nobles and the crown prince begin to oversee the reconstruction of various villages which had been destroyed in the uprising. The influx of Dalmatians is seen as a positive as it helps to find partners for the tens of thousands of women who do not have a husband as well as provides manpower for the farms along with a greater set of farming skills. The King personally gives his son the title of "Protector of Serbia", and hopes his son will help bring the vassal under the control of the crown fully. Merchants are also encouraged to set up stalls and sell and barter their goods.
 * Banu Sulaym: Sees a lot of trading posts being set up while the Hungarian traders force the Emir of the nation to make it more tolerant so trading can occur more easily and the people can live better lives. Many Muslims feel this is not good, but none can complain as soon as the ports begin to bustle with merchants who are buying and selling goods at a rapid rate. The vassal begins to develop economically. The nation continues to grow in trading and it opens new ports. Many begin to think that expanding inward could also be a good idea as it would help make the borders safer. The Emir finally agrees to it after building up resources for it. The nation expands 4000 km inland.
 * Zapotec: Emperor Tlaco expands Danibaan's influence in the surrounding city-states by way of the Zapotec Alliance. Roadways connecting cities in the alliance help merchants and soldiers move more freely between them. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. In the coastal regions under Danibaan's influence, more boats are created. Tlaco orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Daibaan continues expanding into the surrounding city-states north along the gulf coast.
 * Milan: Work continues on the Certosa di Pavia, the Castle Visconteo, and on the extensive Milan Cathedral. We continue training a proper standing army, utilizing Swiss mercenaries and local recruits. With border disputes now settled between the nations of Austria and Switzerland, we continue opening friendly relations with both nations in hopes of repairing our diplomatic relations and protecting our northern border. We continue constructing cogs and galleys to strengthen our navy and protect our interests on the seas. We upgrade infrastructure, as do our vassals.

1461
''' All right, there were no actual events for this turn, but this can not possibly happen, so, uh ... random event time! '''

''' The last of the Turkish Ghazis stand down in Macedonia. '''

How about "The Khmer accept the marriage suggested by the Ayutthaya in order to calm tensions between their nations"?

'''Hahahaha. What about: Kronum becomes a popular sport in the Aztec Empire?'''

How about "a Chinese man drew the first comic, but was burned by his dad for not studying the four books and five classics"?

'''Seriously, i wasn't joking. Accept the damn marriage!'''
 * Ica-Nazca: We expand our military.
 * Chancay (vassal of Ica-Nazca): We build more fishing ships, improving our economy.
 * Chimor (vassal of Ica-Nazca): We expand southeast 10 pixels. We expand our military.
 * Sican (vassal of Ica-Nazca): We expand our military consisting of kamayuks and slingers.
 * Cuzco Dip: We propose Tawantinsuyu to the Ica-Nazca, which would unite our nations (Confederacy style, we would remain independent for the most part. If interested, discuss on my talk page)
 * Rumania: Radu, now 26, continues to promote economic growth. Several shipyards and mines are built. Also many mills spring-up across the nation. The Venetian school begins to diversify its classes, expanding to include mathematics, philosophy and literature. Class attendance grows as printed books, bought from abroad, become common in the library. The states of: Kiev, Chernigov, Volhynia and the Azovan Khanate are all sent trade offers and alliance offers. (Mod Response needed) 
 * The Consulate of Bulgaria: Work continues on roads and bridges. Vast improvements are made across the nation’s infrastructure, and work resumes on the fort in Varna. The port of Varna is also improved and repaired.
 * Trier: We upgrade our military and economy. The states around us are influenced. Trade routes are established, opening trade among Hesse, Cologne and Austria and her vassals. We dedicate this turn to infrastructure expansion, building several defenses, and roads to link towns across the nation. Fortifications around our capital are improved and updated.
 * Cuzco: We expand our infrastructure (everyone is expanding more than one). Ties continue to deepen between the other nations and Cuzco. We build ships to make better use of Lake Titicaca and scout out a small island on the lake. As trade increases with our allies, Cuzco becomes more of a financial center. To secretly establish Cuzco's dominance in the alliance, we propose Tawantinsuyu, or the Four Regions, to the Ica-Nazca, Wanka and Chiribaya that would unite our nations (Confederacy style, we would all remain independent and would pursue our own interests. Discuss on my talk page) Regardless of the others answers, we expand to the northeast by 5 pixels.
 * Wanka: As we prepare to join as a member state to Tawantinsuyu, we work on our economy and military.
 * It takes a decade before you can annex a vassal. -Feud
 * It would be joining as a member state to a confederacy. I don't consider that annexation, but if you do I will allow it to stand.
 * Honestly for all I know, you're annexing. So just give a few more years it's not a big deal. -Feud
 * Prussia: The Prussians continue to convert to the Western Church. The Prussians begin to build their army.
 * Masovia: The Kingdom of Masovia also continues recovering their economy and continues building a new national army. The Masovians continue construction of their capital at Czersk. The Masovians also continue converting to the Western Church.
 * Pomerania: The Pomeranians continue building their economy and continue building a new national army. The Pomeranians also continue converting to the Western Church.
 * Courland: The Curonians also begin developing their economy and military. The Curonians also begin converting to the Western Church.
 * UNC: King Charles VIII passes away of an illness. His son, Sven, becomes next in line for king. However, the adolescent is found stabbed in his chambers before he is coronated. His brothers and sisters later perish or disappear due to various causes. Jenna the Lost becomes the most famous of these missing would-be monarchs. By November, there are no heirs to the restored House of Sverker. The official name for the crisis becomes the Sverker Conspiracy. The Riksdag of Stockholm is called to session to search for an heir or appoint a new monarch. Further changes to the UNC, however, are planned. In the meantime, the economy works on recovering from the Karelian War. The UNC seeks to improve relations with Pskov, Prussia and Novgorod.
 * Mapuche: The tribe continues to thrive, and copperware becomes more prevalent among the populace.  Several ambitious young men conspire to drug a village elder and hold him hostage, but their plans are foiled and they are sent into exile.  A small girl in another village spends a lot of her spare time making designs in the soil.
 * Castile: The Castilian economy continues a larger process of pulling in more money through trade. The infrastructure of Castile is also expanded more. Castile, in order to facilitate more conversions to Christianity, imposes higher taxes on non-Christians in the areas it controls personally or by proxy through its vassals. Castile has successfully mapped large parts of the African coast south of Morocco and down as far as their trade posts in the Kongo these are kept secret.  The Castilian nobility begins to adapt toward a newer system to revamp or work on their power as they move toward becoming advisors to the king and less involved in their feudal estates which while growing have developed Guilds to facilitate payments for the efforts of the men working, The expert workmanship of many of these men has seen notable increase in productivity for each feudal state with most lords not complaining. The Kingdom's cities begin to be improved with better sanitation and the King hires architects to plan out a sewer system, as well as a true plan for multiple major cities. Castile begins a major process of researching the matchlocks acquired from the Netherlands  acquired and develops its own version which is used to replace the older weapons. which is finally finished. The construction of a new kind of warship with cannons is completed - a heavy warship much more powerful than most other ships of the time. The King notices the heavily increased productivity and income flow due to his hands off policy and non-interference and begins to allow artists, minstrels and other artistic and scientific minds to become more prevalent in Castile, many believe the Castilian Renaissance is imminent. Castile, due to its naval range, high income, extensive and dominant trade network, becomes one of the largest and most dynamic trade empires of the Atlantic and Western Mediterranean. The Castilian navy with its new heavy warships and some new updated designs for older ships organizes a heavy royal fleet phasing out past organizations. The Royal army of Castile has now almost wholly replaced the previous feudalistic military forces and has a size of nearly 50,000 and growing thanks in part to the good funding being provided by the king. In order to make up for lost power the King as behest of his new wife, and several of his friends who are nobles create a king's advisory council which officially has the power of the king in many matters if authorized. The men are also given station to criticize the king's actions to keep him from going crazy with power. The Knights Hospitaller are moved more into Castile with their professional fighting strength and religious zeal used to patrol the borders of Castile's Gibraltar province. The Knights are also given the authority to police the majority Christian Tangiers now, and effectively prevent many Muslims from coming over the border to wreak havoc. Castile's navy, now heavily funded and expanded greatly, reaches a large number of combat and tradeworthy ships and with its trade from Oyo, and various supply bases establishes military and trade dominance over the West African areas as well as its locality in the Mediterranean. The Castilian trade dominance in West Africa remains unbudged as Castile directly owns and has the majority of the gold and ivory trades coming out of West and North Africa. Castile's population reaches around 6.1 million and growing. (I have been focusing heavily on growth of population and have not been involved in nearly the number of destructive wars as OTL Castile has been). The Castilian Renaissance reaches its full swing with art and scientific advancement being allowed by the State as many of the religious fanatics and dissidents are fighting in Morocco, along with this, the highly respected middle and artisan classes are able to afford a much better living with various artists painting great works and with one even gaining an audience with the royal family for a painting. The Castilian navy reaches a large force of nearly 550 ships using the huge funding from Castile's conquests, trading, and other situation to fund this navy. The technology of the Castilian navy is improved heavily as the king begins to focus more on the quality of his ships rather than the quantity which results in better quality ships (like an early carrack and my previously developed pre-galleon). The exploration continues just below the Kongo as the Castilian exploration parties manage to gather supplies from the Kongo's friendlier tribes. These exploratory parties have reached OTL southern Angola and a little bit farther south but supply constraints and lack of knowledge of the area prevents further progress. Castile begins sending missionaries to the Kongo to convert the friendlier tribes which is relatively successful. Castile continues to convert to the Western Church with the king and his royal family attempting to preach about the new church and its benefits to the common man and not keeping them in the dark. The Conversion to the Western/Consuete Church continues with a relative majority accepting following the issues with nobility.  The Castilian navy with new ships replacing the old ones begins military drills for preparedness and experience. Castile also now not having the troop strength to hold onto Tangiers anymore (due to the war) transfers control of the city and surrounding area to the kingdom of Morocco. With the independence of Alexandria sends major amounts of aid to the Christians in Alexandria and begins basing more ships in Cyprus to help support them. The King also has a child with his Aragonese wife named Elizabeta (Scraw didn't have a name. I had to make one up) named Ferdinand who is now two years old. The Castilian navy begins establishing multiple trade posts up and down the African coasts more for contact and conversions to Christianity rather than full blown trade in multiple areas. The Castilian king Henry IV funds an exploratory fleet down from Congo to map the area and identify areas suitable for a trade posts or resupply point with the expressed purpose of reaching India by the close of the Century. This objective is kept a secret from most everyone but the ships men and captains and the closest members of the Castilian court. The Castilian navy begins pushing the exploratory border to the southern tip of Angola and into northern Namibia and in order to effectively resupply creates some trade posts and resupply posts in the area. King Henry continues to act erratically having a few of the Renaissance men of Castile put to death for Heresy where there has been none. His Brother Carlos fails talking sense into him and convenes the king's council to take action over King Henry's issues which may hurt relationships with foreign nations. The Secret Decision is made to depose Henry IV as unfit to rule in favor of his son with Carlos ruling as Advisor and Regent until Ferdinand is fit to rule. Many nobles wish to depose Henry and his family in general but due to the capability of the royal family previously and the convincing ability of Elizabeta Henry's wife they expect to be able to convince an obviously insane Henry to abdicate in favor of his son Ferdinand. This however does not interrupt the day to day runnings of Castile in General and would put the United Dynasties of Castile and Aragon on the Throne of Castile with Claim on the throne of Aragon as well.
 * Kingdom of Granada: The Kingdom of Granada is formed with quick help thanks to Castile and the kingdom begins to recruit local Christians to help fight in the army. The economy, while meager, is growing. However, the country focuses heavily on fighting the Civil war at hand organizing areas beyond the area of control to help gain Christian allies as they begin to kill Muslim forces. The Civil war is far from over (they expanded this turn due to Castile forming them.) The Kingdom is formed in a relatively common way as the Muslims are currently being fought as what is deemed "hispanic tradition."  The Kingdom itself is relatively successful in fighting the Muslims in its general locale and has secure its main territory just offset from Gibraltar relatively easily. The Prince of Granada is a Castilian noble named Juan Cortez who is extremely biased against Muslims due to his father's death in the original war against Morocco over Gibraltar. Many of the Muslims within the new kingdom's borders are put to the sword and periodic raids and support parties are sent out to help Christian forces fight in the disorganized lands. The country also begins a relatively large buildup of the road system repairing it from damage from the civil war. The countries armed forces also begin to fight the remaining Muslims in the mountains and begin the force conversion of the remaining Muslims in Granada.
 * Kingdom of the Canaries:  The Canaries are able to build upon the multiple viable settlements and a moderately sized and growing population. The Canaries, finally completely covering the islands, begins to send moderately sized fleets that are resupplied from the islands and from Castile to continually explore the area. The Canaries help supply settlers and fleets moving to Capo Verde and Western Africa.
 * Kingdom of Cyprus: The King of Cyprus is now King Alexander of Cyprus. The King of Cyprus begins to see Castilian culture not as a dominant force but a possible blendable culture that can fit well within Cypriot society. The economy and military of the country is built up as is the infrastructure with a nice road system being built throughout the country. Cyprus gaining large funds from being a Castilian trade hub, begins building a few ships domestically, and purchases ships from Castile, or her allies shipwrights forming a respectable Cypriot navy of almost 90 ships with expected expansion to come. This expansion has been achieved specifically thanks to huge amounts of outsourcing to private shipwrights. Cyprus begins to see an exodus of the Knights Hospitaller West to Castile and her territories and King Matthias begins a larger recruitment for the military managing to raise a force of nearly 10,000. This force is largely funded through the large trade Cyprus has gathered. The troops are styled after Castile's royal army and Cyprus embarks on an intense training program in order to bring them up to standards. The Knights, with many departing also have many older and other knights stay due to their close ties with Cyprus. They remain to run the Knights Hospitaller in Cyprus for the foreseeable future while a large number have migrated across the sea. King Matthias is killed in religious riots in Cyprus leaving his highly capable son in charge. King Fernando manages to continue to hold Cyprus for his mother nation of Castile and has successfully seen the minor and moderate blending of culture in the area.
 * Kingdom of Morocco: The less fortunate and disenfranchised are converted. The Kingdom itself is a Christian kingdom with a similar situation of early Castile and Aragon, with large numbers of Muslims and a small number of Christians. However, the Christian community in Morocco is expanded in thanks to the influx of traders and settlers from Castile and some other immigrants looking for an opportunity to live a new life here. The Kingdom establishes its capital in Casablanca and with this, begins a major point of establishing a major military presence in the area.  The infrastructure, particularly in dealing with transport and water, is expanded to accommodate more people but the only people allowed to settle are Christians - particularly from Hispania. A notable number of Castilians settle the area. While Christians remain the minority the kingdom of Morocco sets up various churches and allows preachers to roam around and convert people. The Kingdom begins to push toward integration of the city of Tangiers into the kingdom. This would give the Kingdom two important cities. Heavy taxes are imposed on Muslim traders in order to facilitate conversions to Christianity while lower more friendly taxes are given to Christian merchants. The leader of Morocco styled a king, out of respect deducts himself in rank to Prince of Morocco as the throne is only to be held by the King of Castile himself if it's ever required. The country begins the construction of various canals and cultivates trees farther inland to help increase arable farmland. The Moroccan economy continue to expand with greater trade coming from Castile and the Canaries all the way down to Capo Verde increasing the relative wealth. The Kingdom's army proper raised by immigrant Christians now numbers about 7000 itself and is expected to grow. The Kingdom of Morocco begins to take control of territory in  the interior of Morocco proper following the Castilian and English forces and securing the areas (this territory is being integrated into the kingdom of Morocco). The population of Morocco is an estimated 420,000 currently with an increasing number of people settling in the country. The city of Fez begins to rebuilt as the Holy City of Calne-Vicuna for the Consuete (Western) Church.
 * Portugal: Continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Leiname. By this time, the colony in Leiname starts to export wheat to Portugal. Meanwhile, some Portuguese explorers start to follow the Castilian example and start to explore the African coast. São Miguel and Santa Maria continue to be settled. Meanwhile, the colony of Açores expands 600 sq km into the two recently-discovered islands, with settling starting there.
 * Hamburg-Mecklenburg: with the new access to the the ports of Mecklenburg, profits increase for Hamburg. At this point, there is virtually zero Hamburger traffic through the Oresund, and Hamburg continues to offer their cheaper services to other Baltic nations. The Bishop of Magdeburg finally agrees to Hamburgs petitions, and becomes a vassal to it. With the economy improving, more funding is put into the military, with orders for 60 new ships for the HMDF. The economy also allows the southerly voyage to be moved up the 1463.
 * Mayan Empire: We continue to rebuild from the wars, and expand 10 px mi south. Economic development begins.
 * The Koryak Confederacy begins to rebuild its military in response to the bloody Siberian Adventure. More reindeer and camel cavalry are trained, while the infantry are largely retrained as mounted troopers. By the end of the year the re-organized military numbers eight uhlans of 1000 men each. The navy benefits also, as the number of panokseon riverboats is increased to protect the trade along the Lena. In order to prevent another such costly fiasco, trade links with southern Siberia are expanded. Infrastructure, including roads and docks, is constructed along the Kolmya River and at the Lena's delta. Traders come south along the river with boatloads of goods. In order to deepen links with the reticent tribes, trade pacts are offered to the Nenets, Yenisei and Tatars. the Tatars, as the most powerful group, are also offered a military alliance.  (Mod Response, Please - this isn't ASB, the Siberian rivers were used as trade routes for centuries). 
 * ​Chukchis: Improve its military by constructing more ships.
 *  ​ East Yakuts: Expand 2000 km west.
 * Free City of Ustokut: As trade with the southern Siberian tribes increases in volume, the city grows to a population of about 45,000, mainly Koryak merchants. A new curtain wall begins construction, as well as Shinto temples. Priests start to try to convert some of the tribes.
 * Mod Response: All three accept the trade pacts. The Tartars respectfully decline the alliance for now. 
 * Ashikaga Dip: The Shogun gladly sends more priests to the Confederacy, along with Shinto texts such as the Rikkokushi and Kojiki chronicles. The Chieftans are also encouraged to allow Shinto in the Confederacy to come under the control of the newly created Ashikaga religious hierachy of administrators and clerics, letting the religion become centralised and gain more influence.
 * Koryak Confederacy: They agree.
 * County of Oldenburg: Count Frederick gives the Bank of Hamburg an official comital dispensation to operate within Oldenburg, its vassals and colonies. The Jade Bank is not particularly pleased by the newcomers, and as a result begin to lend money on very risky investments, whilst also offering good rates on low-risk investments. The OHG puts money into all three banks, effectively hedging its bets. That same company continues operating in the Arctic. Ships begin sailing farther west than Dietrichdorf, in search of new whaling, sealing, walrusing and auking grounds. The catch in the normal catching area remains good, though with large numbers of grey whales being caught and processsed off Neu Baltrum and Dietrichdorf. Two OHG ships take the Southern Route, trading with Venice and the Iberian nations. Count Frederick asks Albion for closer trading ties. In Neu Baltrum, the community welcomes the addition of two more intrepid settler families, as well as their sheep and goats. The two new families set up a small hamlet a bit up the coast from Waldorf, which they name Neudorf. Meanwhile, the fisherman's wife, quite pleased with her husband's increased hauls, seems to have forgotten her ideological opposition to Jewish banking.
 * Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: Bishop Klemens continues pushing for the "nationalisation" of all manorial lands, yet is met with strong opposition, despite offering to pay very decent prices for the land. Angered, the bishop begins turning to other means of achieving what he sees as God's will. He pays special attention to the Order of the Seraphim, ensuring that the military order be equipped with the very best weaponry (as well as the very best spiritual education).
 * France: Military and economy are built up. While this, the Navy expands. Brittany officially enters the French influence sphere. In Armagnac a few officers loyal to France give up on rebels siding with the recently known Foix threat. The ambassador of Foix is captured and the alleged secret agent is decapitated. A blockade continues to be exerted at Foix. Aragon (my bad) and Castile are asked to follow the same actions. The ambassador is revealed to be still alive although being held prisoner by the French. While this, Foix is warned that any further meddling in Armagnac will result in a war. While this, several soldiers capture raiders from Foix executing them in public and several French citizens initiating their own raidings in the border with Foix. We begin the vassalization of Basel and Switzerland (if Daese remains AFK LOL)
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up, economy expands.
 * Brittany: Military and navy are built up, economy expands.
 * Berry: Military and economy are built up.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up.
 * Armagnac: Military and economy are built up.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy are built up.
 * Bengal Sultanate: The decrease in taxes on the landed elite does its job in most areas of the Sultanate, decreasing the tax load on the peasantry and earning him their support. The tax cuts on the merchant class allow for more trade to be conducted, and a recent lax on some of the quota laws allows for more goods to be shipped from Bengal, greatly increasing trade income. Trade with the state of Ava continues, with influence being placed through trade on Ava. Cash crops continue to be grown in large amounts. With our merchants traveling to Ava, Koch, Ahom and Arakan regularly, Islam continues to grow in their nations. Most all trade roads begin to see much-needed maintenance. The merchants that continually travel between Kohm, Aoch and Ava continue to allow for some of the populations of those nations to continue to convert to Islam. Due to Bengal having control over lands of multiple ethnicities and religions, literary works in the form of poems and epics continue to take influence from all three religions of the Sultanate. Urdu, also called Hindi by some, becomes more common in the Sultanate due to the mixing of Hindu and Islamic ideals. Work continues on improving the hand cannon design. Work nears completion as the scientific foundation for the success of a smaller hand cannon is laid out, advocating that an explosion in a confined area will propel an object to immense speeds. The Sultan begins to send forth state-sponsered traders into Ava and the former lands of Arakan, with tales of success for Islamic farmers and traders that overshadows anything done by Hindu or Buddhist farmers or traders. Extensive trade continues across the Indian Ocean and the Orient. War continues against the Mughal Empire. Due to the continued success of the combined might of the Indian states, the most powerful and contributing nations on the Indian side send envoys to the Mughal Emperor, offering to create a peace treaty to end the war.
 * Emirate of Andamana: Mansoor Basil Amirmoez continues to reclaim land on the island to make room for farms, and to have timber for building both boats and houses. The Emirate expands another 500 km into the island. The ships built by the timber from the island help contribute to Bengali trade. Continues working on economy and infrastructure.
 * Rajya of Orissa: Unlike the other vassals of the Bengali Sultanate, Bhandudeva IV is kept farther away from the daily politics of controlling Orissa, relying mainly on Islamic advisors sent directly by the Bengal Sultan. The advisors quickly persuade Bhandudeva IV to allow the Muslim settlers in the northern part of the Rajya to hold land south of the previously agreed living space. Continues working on military and infrastructure. Bhandudeva IV passes away, and the advisors vote in a Hindu successor, named <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:13.333333969116211px;line-height:19.19999885559082px;">Kapilendra Deva.
 * Swargadeo of Kamarupa: Now vassalized by Bengal, the Swargadeo of Ahom continues to receive extensive help in creating viable farmland. They do this by continuing a process of land reclamation in the northern part of the state, which is largely marshy and thinly populated. This process of reclamation begins by using dikes, embankments and irrigation systems. The Swargadeo (King) of Ahom declares himself to be King of Assam, also called Kamarupa in this time since he now controls his grandson's lands which were the Maharaja of Koch.
 * Bengali Diplomacy: We agree to the trade treaty between Ayutthaya and our own nation, excited for the prospect of increased trade in the Orient with such a powerful state.
 * Mughal Diplomacy: The envoys are greeted and discussions about a peace treaty are beginning.
 * Aztec Empire: Emperor Montezuma II [41] begins to grow ambitious. He wants to finish the bulk of the mining in the next ten years. Centralization is continued throughout the empire, as it is now greatly unified, with many Aztec-mix ethnicities. The military is expanded with the surplus of minerals and metals being turned into war machines and military weaponry. Cuachtemoc [31] expands the barracks in Tenochtitlan, allowing more housing for soldiers. Hospitals, schools, wells, canals, roads, bridges, and aqueducts are at large throughout the land as they become more of use supporting the 4.2 million people living within the Aztec Empire. The Zapotec-Aztec alliance has withered away, as the Zapotec have continued to ignore the Aztecs and not support them in trade rights and construction plans. Tezcacoatl [seven] travels with Cuachtemoc to Tenochtitlan, as Icnoyotl [26] stays behind at home in Cihuatlan with the other three children: Toltecatl, the newborn son, Xochitl [one], and Quatzecoatl [three]. Emperor Montezuma II orders for even more refortifications of the stronghold-city in the north, Xilopolco. The emperor would like to declare that the Zapotec Alliance is not an enemy, but they should express more good intentions with their powerful neighbor as the 30-year long alliance has remained strong. The navy is minimally expanded - as well as the fishing ships.
 * Majapahit: After a long period of peaceful expansion under Wikramawadhana, the beloved emperor dies. He is succeeded by his eldest son, Karsagathida. He is 23 years old. The military hasn't been used in two decades and Karsagathida begins a series of reforms making a professional military. Influence on Selebar begins. We ask an alliance with them and to make this deal more appealing we offer them the recipe for black powder if they accept (Mod response, please). Merchants have great influence in the royal court and the emperor is a friend of theirs ...
 * Ashikaga Shogunate: Worship of Shinto in shrines and temples is further centralised, with most priests giving up donations to the state. The few that don't are intimidated into falling into line, with a number of shrines vandalised by government sponsored vandals. The Shogun sends emissaries to the Emperor, offering to style him as the leader of Shintoism in Japan in return for the small state under Imperial control to be ceded to the Ashikaga. The Shogun points out that this would give the Emperor real power and status rather than his current role as a powerless figurehead. Mod response please.
 * The Nation of the Oirats: Cement and iron increase in production. Iron weapons are now majorly used. As we increase in population, we slowly target our expansion northward. We expand 50 px to the North. We continue to develop our firearms. We continue to study the printing press and make more of it. We buy more books from China.  We continue making more muskets. We now have 10,000 primitive musketeers. We begin building up our miltary and create even tougher practices. We battle the Mongols tiringly.
 * Oirat D to Jochid Ulus: We ask to divide Siberia between the Lena River.
 * The Jochid Ulus agrees to this division of Siberia with the Oirats.
 * Chiribaya We expand 50 km northwest.
 * Cuzco Dip: We prepouse Tawantinsuyu to the Chiribaya, which would unite our nations (Confederacy style, we would remain independent for the most part. If interested, discuss on my talk page)
 * Chiribaya Dip We accept Cuzco's offer to join Tawantinsuyu.
 * Kingdom of Italy: King Charles I continues the reforms of his father, and improves the economy and the military. Continues the construction and improvement of shipyards and production of new boats to combat in the Mediterranean. Territorial defense continues being built based on border forts. Relations with the Byzantine Empire continue strong. The Naval Academy in Taranto continues the technological research with Venice. The King continue to give new impetus to the culture within the kingdom and its vassal states, in art, science, etc. The reconstruction of the south part of Italy continue, will take about one year to restore the ports and cities.
 * Kingdom of Sicily: King Peter III sends aid to rebuild damaged cities and ports in southern Italy. Meanwhile, the army continue the process of assimilation of Italian tactics that spread through the Mediterranean, promoting the use of early firearms. The economy of the island is mostly cereal crops. Thanks to Italian support the exploitation of olives and wine grapes continues.
 * Grand Duchy of Tuscany: Improves the economy and the military. The economic prosperity of the previous years is accented with commercial junction providing by Italy and Genoa, and the city of Florence is the commercial nexus among all the Italian states. Frederick I helps promote economic prosperity, gives incentives to help manufacturing output grow, and improve access roads to make the trade more fluid and profitable. The army is formed to the image of the Italian army, with gradual use of new firearms that become quite popular. Frederick I became a great patron and the Tuscan nobles follow this particular policy. The artists, protected and maintained by the nobles and bourgeois rising, unleash their creativity. Help is sent to rebuild southern Italy.
 * Duchy of Genoa: Improves the economy and the military. The Duchy of Genoa continues trading from the Black Sea to the Straits of Gibraltar, using new models of ships with cargo holds of more spacious and allow greater profit. With the help of Italian military fleet, try to force richest commercial rights in Tunisian ports. In Genoa the boom in production of luxury items continue. The pressure of the Genoese traders in Tunis is growing, and combined with the presence of Christian missionaries, who at the same time serve commercial spies; is accomplished the capture of a lot of exotic products that are not easy to get due to the conflicts and trade barriers in the Near East, and the axis between Tunis and Genoa is strengthened. The Genoese economy restarts its golden age. Help is sent to rebuild southern Italy.
 * Duchy of Ferrara: Improves the economy and the military. The paper industry is forging ahead, and also the making of looms, making this duchy in one of the most productive in northern Italy. Duke Niccolo I continue the loyal service to Italy. Help is sent to rebuild southern Italy.
 * Duchy of Corsica: Improves the economy and the military. The exploitation of salt mines and silver continues. In the same way, the vine crops increase in extension and quality, and the manufacture of wine each year improves in quality and quantity, and is recognized as the best European wine. On the island of Corsica a boom of mercenaries continues. The Italian army started recruiting many Corsicans, making them a legend in terms of ferocity and skill in the skirmishes and battles. Help is sent to rebuild southern Italy.
 * Marquisate of Modena: Improves the economy and the military. Niccolo is dedicated to art and culture, encouraging painters, sculptors and architects that embellish this little Marquisate, leading Italian opulence to a new level. Marquis Niccolo I continues the loyal service to Italy. Help is sent to rebuild southern Italy.
 * Principality of Zeta: Improves the economy and the military. Dairy cattle production increases, and in the same way the manufacture of better quality cheese, they continue to be exported to Italy, Hungary and Byzantium. The Prince Giovanni I continues the cultural boom. Help is sent to rebuild southern Italy.
 * Vatican City: Pope Benedict XV continue the campaign of evangelization in the lands of the Balkans. Missionaries continue to working in North Africa, especially in Tunisia, where they try to recover the core of Christians. The Pope like his predecessor condemns all those who come to the false churches that are being created in Europe. The Pope in his speeches also continues condemning the current lack of security of pilgrims traveling to the Holy Land, which the Christian nations have a priority to recover these places and they are missing to the will of God. The nephew of Pope Callistus III, Rodrigo Borgia continue his ascent in the Roman curia.
 * Order of the Knights of Malta: The Grand Master of the Order Piero Raimondo Camelot, uses his fleet of ten ships to patrol the central Mediterranean, also helping needy Christians. Military elements are improved, and the economy is maintained by the Italian and Sicilian support.
 * County of Provence: The reform of the administration continues, adapting the Italian model which has had so much success. Improves economy through trade and manufacturing cloth. The military camp is also improved, adding new equipment and Italian military ideas. Help is sent to rebuild southern Italy.
 * Duchy of Anjou: As in Provence, the Duchy transformation is performed. The economy and military improve. Help is sent to rebuild southern Italy.
 * Alencon: The economy and military improve. Help is sent to rebuild southern Italy.
 * Narbonne: The economy and military improve. Help is sent to rebuild southern Italy.
 * Vendome: The economy and military improve. Help is sent to rebuild southern Italy.
 * Caucasian Confederation: Negotiations between Georgia, Armenia, and Assyria to find an acceptable compromise on domestic affairs continue this year; no substantial results have yet been achieved. The Confederation also continues supplying the Coptic, Ethiopian, and Assyrian rebel movements, in the hopes that these Christian nations can achieve their independence. Additionally, the Georgians send emissaries to the Coptic Pope, the head of the Assyrian Church of the East, and the head of the Nestorian Church, seeking to convene an ecumenical conference at the Bolnisi Sioni to reunite the Oriental Christian Churches. ( Mod response needed! )
 * Kingdom of Georgia: As the Georgian navy continues to expand, with some eighty-five galleys on patrol in the Black Sea, commerce grows due to the suppression of piracy and the large number of available transport ships. The Georgian economy expands as a result.
 * Kingdom of Armenia: The continued spread of the zolotnik spurs further growth in the streets of Yerevan, and the first signs of a genuine bureaucracy appear. This organization, primarily staffed by former Coptic refugees, helps resolve disputes between Armenian merchants, stabilizing the nation's business climate and expanding the Armenian economy.
 * Grand Principality of Assyria: The integration of the Urmian Assyrians expands the manpower resources available to the Assyrian army, expanding Assyrian military potential. These new citizens are formed into a reserve mesame, increasing Assyria's total military strength to 12000. Additionally, Assyrian forces begin moving into the disorganized area of northern Mesopotamia, securing 1150 sq km of territory in the Tigris floodplains north of Mosul.
 * Principality of Rani: With tensions along the Azeri border increasing, Tavadi Zurab orders guards to be posted outside all licensed mosques to monitor dissent - and organizes suppression expeditions of 'unlicensed' mosques. This security measure improves Ranite military readiness, and the growth of trained guards raises Ranite military strength to 4500. However, Azeri conversion temporarily stalls as outrage over the new restrictions hampers evangelization.
 * Principality of Amier-Kavkasia: The return of Amier-Kavkasia's first Ossetian and Avar officers to the Principality prompts an upsurge in Kavkasian discipline; the 'new breed' of field officers can easily communicate with the largely native-speaking sergeants. As a result, Kavkasian military potential grows, and its overall force size rises to 4500 (3000 regulars, 1500 irregulars).
 * Mansuriyyan Caliphate: Pleased by the Ottoman acceptence of their economic and non-aggression treaty, the Caliphate seeks to improve relations with the Persians. A diplomatic convoy is sent to the Persians to ask for a non-aggression pact and possibly an economic treaty to promote mutual growth in Islam. The economy continues to grow, bolstered by increased trade with the Ottomans. Scouting parties are sent out to the north-west, exploring the other half of Mesopotamia and making contact with the Kurdish people. Baghdad continues to be renovated, and people are encouraged to move to the city. Fatih hopes that it will again become the economic, military and academic center of the Middle East. Meanwhile, a census is taken. Througout six-months, the population is counted, and estimated to be about 2.5 million. Determined to become larger in both population and territory, a new expansion program is set up where families can receive financial compensation for every baby they have after their first two. The results become clear when the growth rate jumps from 1.5% to a staggering 3.3% within the first 12 months. The Black Riders continue to roam around the desert, subjugating the villages and keeping the people in line. However, they are under explicit orders not to use deadly force unless absolutely necessary, a command made by Fatih himself.
 * Eire: We rejoice when Thomond and later other Irish states lay down arms and join us, and 55 years after King Thomas' fateful dream, Eire becomes fully united, save the city of Dublin, which remains independent and remaining so for the forseeable future. Celebrations occur in towns across Eire, and the King and his entourage tours Eire, with the help of the new road system. We begin expanding roads to newly-acquired regions in Eire, hoping to connect all major towns, and spread new Irish ideals such as Occidentalism (Western Catholicism) and pro-Albionism. Stabilization after years of expansion continues, with many soldiers in the military for years during Eire's fighting begin to settle down, and the navy continues to be built up. Cork and Ballydrogheda undergo a renaissance, as the unification of Ireland allows for the ability to export products from all across the Isle. As such, trade increases. the King begins to modernize the military forces, with the eventual forces consisting of a main line of pikemen, Gaelic skirmishers on the flanks, crossbowmen behind the skirmishers, and the cavalry behind all. Wool begins to become a more popular farm product, with a few people living in the towns beginning to manufacture cloth in small quantities.
 * Leinster: Celebrations go off as the Isle is united. Leinster, however, remains a vassal state, a member of the Confederation of Eire and Albion, but not of Eire proper, and is granted special status in autonomy from Eire. Roads expand in Leinster, tying it fully with the rest of Eire. (Inf-turn)
 * Mughal Empire: The war carries on, with casualties on both sides. The Emperor ensures the safety of nobles from Jaunpur and Bahmani.
 * Southern Chagatai Khanate: The Chagatai Khan marches into battle with his troops and during a lost battle, after riding on his horse for hours, the horse, tired, rapidly stops. This causes the Khan to fall from his horse. The horse, startled by the event accidently tramples on the Khan, especially in his lower areas. The Khan heads to Babur's court later that day after recieving "medical" assistance.
 * Venetian Republic:
 *  Books on various topics spread from Venice throughout Europe, continuing the Renaissance. Printed in the Venetian language, they teach of the sciences and humanities and revive learning, spreading knowledge (as well as the language) far and wide. .
 *  With the increased supply of Ducats, the fluidity of European trade increases with Ducat using nations benefiting most. 
 *  Many people sentenced to death are drowned in the canals as is the Venetian tradition. The tradition is becoming the primary way to execute criminals and is spreading to the Venetian territories across Europe. 
 *  Fine wool and silk clothing from Titani is exported across the Mediterranean and Black Sea and begins to set the trend in Renaissance clothing. 
 *  Venetian trade reaches across the known world. Merchant ships carry salt, silks, glass and a collection of other goods, both common and rare. Venetian traders are the largest carriers of trade in Europe, with the thousands of ships and a trading tradition continuing to fuel this. 
 *  The Roscol Bank uses local subsidiaries all across Europe to fund trade, with a leaning toward funding trade with Venice. They also fund enterprises across the continent, boosting the economies of the nations which they inhabit. The Roscol Bank invests conservatively. While this doesn't bring in as much wealth as other nations' banking, such as the Dutch, it results in a much more robust level of equity. 
 *  Due to the stability of business and protection afforded to private enterprise in Venice, many merchants set up shop in the city despite being foreign, utilising the Venetian law to protect their businesses. Criminals and a less divided merchant class mean prosperity for all those involved with Venetian business in some way. 
 * In Veneto the Venetian economy grows.
 * Eco-turn
 * Epirote Republic:
 * In Epirus many die from drought. However, they are by and large the isolated members of society. Epirus builds its military.
 * Mil-turn
 * Venetian Empire:
 * In the Province of Aegina the military grows. Mil-turn
 * In the Free Port of Athens the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * In the Province of Candia the military grows. Eco-turn
 * In the Corfiot Protectorate the military grows. Mil-turn
 * In the Province of Kaffa the military grows. Mil-turn
 * In the Naxian Protectorate the military grows. Mil-turn
 * In the Province of Negroponte the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * In the Free Port of Ragusa the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * Sanafah continues its rise among the other Malagasy powers as Tiavina Ralofoaro inherits the chiefdom of Sakalava, after having been the officially recognized Chief of the Northern Sakalava. He unites the title to be Chief of the Sakalava. The old chief, Tiavina's uncle, died in early March due to his illness and old age. With the personal union in place, Tiavina begins to focus on bringing the western Sakalava people up to the standards of Sanafah in order to promote integration of the people. The Chiefdom of Sakalava then goes on to expand 2500 sq km (or 50 pixels) into Mahafaly. With one-half of the nation stabilized and forcibly annexed, the Chieftain relies on the former Chief's great relations and promises to bring Mahafaly up to the standards of even the great rumored Arabic and Chinese kingdoms. Meanwhile, on Dina Morgabin, the colony continues to do extremely well. The colony expands 1000 sq km, or one-third of the uninhabited island. Plans to settle Dina Arobi are alse made, but the Council holds off until Dina Morgabin is fully inhabited. Infrastructure development continues. Tiavina's son, 16 years old today, is married to the eldest princess of Betsileo, the only other organized kingdom on the island. Trade continues to draw more and more revenue, and population rates go up as the standard of living increases. Vassalization of Mabuto begins, and a couple of marriage solidfy good relations. The Malagasy language and the Swahili language begin to intermingle, and most traders in the Kingdom know both languages. Emir Amaar Rahasan continues to prepare to lead a small war into the Merina Kingdom, and solidifies alliances with the Comoros, the Betsileo, Mozambique, and the Sofala Emirates to secure their support in the war. Slash and burn tactics begin slowly to clear land for the expanding population. More large trade expeditions are sent to Swahili, Sumal, and Iritriya to continue good relations. The economy grows.
 * Betsileo, not wanting to fall behind Sanafah, decides that it too must begin to modernize and become the best state in central Madagascar. It also expands into the state to its northwest (Sihanaka), by 2500 sq km. (This is one-sixth of the state). Betsileo also begins to vassalize Bezanozano. Meanwhile, the Comoros expand into the Aldabra Atoll and the Seychelles. They also begin to look to mainland Africa as a possible site for future expansion.
 * Ayutthaya continues to send trade delegations to Padang and Kedah. The new laws passed in the previous year begin to have effect, and militias from the nations are significantly boosted and lesser costs. We thank Bengal for their trade treaty, and immedately commission new fleets to defend the trade routes. The result is a massive economic boost, making Ayutthaya one of the richest nations in Asia, the centerpoint for trade with China (It already was, kind of ...) As a result of the central government's pro-trade treaties, our economies expand significantly, with trading cities growing in size and population. The King passes a new law, secretly naming his heir to prevent succession disputes after his death. The Buddhist population undergoes a large growth after the arrival of a new, prominent band of missionaries from China. As a result of this, apart other things, our relations with China (hopefully) continue to improve. The technology of the navy expands as new ships are built to carry trade and influence throughout South East Asia. The King begins a new process of renovation on the Capital, expanding it, building new levels of walls around it, and repairing older buildings. The population of the city, partly as a result of this, increases by almost five thousand people in this time. The banking industry is strengthened throughout the nation after the government offers loans to all banks with holdings over the equivalent worth of one ton of gold. The Tai peoples of nearby nations aid us in our quest for peace and prosperity over the region. The population begins to increase. The central army - small as it is - continues year round training, while the forced standing armies of all the principalities begin to pay off, culling any and all possible rebellions before they take place. We seek peace with the Khmer, and again offer a marriage.
 * Bavand Shahdom: The Shah continues his current policies in the realm and continues to expand the military. He continues to fund arts and literature, and his interest in Zoroastrian literature continues. He also continues to fund trade in the region. The Shah also sends an offer of alliance and a trade pact to the Mansuriyyan Caliphate.
 * ​Hungary and all its vassals and puppet states expand militarily and economically. Poland expands its armed forces too, increasing the strength of its troops by focusing on the training of more knights to fight for the nation. Sigismund begins to bring order to all parts of his realm. Resources for the construction of the ports are allocated too, and the construction continues.
 * Hesse: We open the Bank Of Hesse. We order a painting done of Ludwig II. The Royal Family moves into their new palace as it is completed. We begin manufacturing  pianos. The first one goes to the Hessian Palace . harpsichords and clavierchords. A harpsichord goes to the Hessian palace. The hill away from Ludwigsburg where the Palace is located is named Silberberg. Harpsichords and clavierchords are ordered to be shipped to our trading partners. Production of Hessows ceases. We manage to receive the printing press. We begin producing some. The first thing we print on the printing press is the Ludwigism Principles. We begin re-vassalizing receive back Berg and Munster. We continue to improve the economy.
 * A bit too early for pianos. Harpsichords or clavierchords would be okay, though. Callumthered (talk)
 * Sorry, I read somewhere pianos were invented in 1400. Blocky858 (talk) 07:33, April 4, 2014 (UTC)
 * Roman Empire: The Empire continues to integrate its new territories back into the nation, although by this point they are firmly once again part of the Roman system of law and governance. The military continues to improve itself, and the new cavalry units trained in Thessaly are now being used throughout the Empire. The matchlock guns continue to be replicated and produced, and by this point a fair number of them are in use by the military. The economy has an interesting year, with expanded trade from the Black Sea and Thessalonica increasing revenue, yet the collapse of the Mashriq Sultanate and the difficult situation regarding the Silk Road forces the Roman government to reconsider its economic options. The Roman government begins to move its economic activities toward the western part of the Mediterranean in order to connect better with the rest of Europe. Trade routes already exist to Barcelona, Valencia and Genoa, and to further the economic progress in the area, new routes are opened up to Melitta, Marseilles and Syracuse, along with other more minor routes.
 * Albania: The main castle at Kukes has completed construction and most of the roads in the nation have as well. The national military continues to be trained and a few small numbers of matchlock guns enter the army thanks to trade with the Roman Empire. More and more Albanians enter the nation from the surrounding Italian-controlled areas.
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Landshut expands its military. The population continues to rise. Grand Duchess Jacqueline and her council continue to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with twenty-five very large cogs being finished, and by 1461 a trade route is put in place. Such important places in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany, due to a longstanding trade deal. Continuing in 1461, Jacqueline commisions six cogs to sail around western Mediterranean coasts. The planned market center in Landshut continues to attract regional traders. In religious news, the country begins converting to the Western Netherlander church. By the end of this year, around 74% of the country adheres to the Western Church. Most adherents live around Munchen and Landshut. In other news, Bavaria continues implementing the Alliance and Merchant Act as well as the Militia and Navy Act. Jacqueline continues efforts to implement Sedevacantist policies in the government, being much more religious than her father. Furthermore, Jacqueline also arranges the Roscol Bank access to Landshut to do trading. The Venetian merchants take an interest in government bonds. In other news, former Grand Duchess Regent Elisabeth is expelled from Bavaria by the beginning of the year. Simultaneously, the economic situation continues to worsen despite small tax reforms. Opinion of Jacqueline drops sharply as the depression bounds itself to the Bavarian social classes. Rumors begin to persist of her alienating herself from all public life and becoming a recluse within Trausnitz. The movement to free Eleanor and install her upon the throne grows rapidly, with many forces meeting in Ingolstadt to decide the future of the movement. They decide quickly, and in August attempt to free Eleanor from prison. They succeed, and transport her under the moonlight from Hof Castle to Ingolstadt on August 21. Letter is sent to the exiled Robert of Italy, detailing the news and the sucess of a plan he funded. On August 23, Eleanor makes her claim of the Grand Duchy of Bavaria. Ingolstadt joins her call, as well as Wurzburg, both areas hostile to Jacqueline's rule. Jacqueline responds by labelling Eleanor as a traitor and declares war on her. A force of about 9000 men are then levied in Landshut and Straubing, being the center of Jacqueline's power. Areas neutral or prone to rebel include Nurnburg, Munchem. and Burgau.
 * Munchen: The main campus of Queen Isabell University is completed and the beginning courses include French, Latin, English, and Greek as well as theology, clergy training and mathematics being taught. By 1460, the total class amounts to about 2700 men. Troops authorized by Jacqueline continue training. Several markets are constructed in Munchen as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders. In recent news, unemployment begins to rise in the wake of tax disasters following Jacqueline's embarassing, confusing policies.
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Jacqueline continue training. Several markets are constructed in Straubing as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Ingolstadt: Ingolstadt joins Eleanor's call to war and levies about 4000 men to fight for her.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Jacqueline continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Jacqueline continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Jacqueline continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Jacqueline continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Wurzburg: Wurzburg allies with Eleanor and levies 5,500 men to fight for her.
 * Things more or less return to normal across the Jochid Ulus. The economy once again begins to experience growth, as the population of both the Yamal and the Volga basin once again begins to grow. The territories recently annexed continue to be emptied of Russians, with Mordvins from the Jochid Ulus and other Volga Finns from Muscovy moving into these areas. Meschera becomes popular in Temnikav, a recently annexed area, the former homeland of the Meschschera state. Once again, the impetus to go eastward begin. The northernmost strip of land expands 3500 sq km eastward, continuing the traditional practice of settling down joint Nenets and other villages. This time, it is the resettled Ukrainians that do most of the labour. The combination of the Ruthenian Christian practices and the Nenets shamanistic ones mean that they soon find a compromise in their faiths, as some of both sides are converted; this compromise is rather close to the Mastorava, and indeed, it is the Metropolitan-Shaman who they swear authority to. In the East, Mastoravic Tatars begin to colonise, spreading 1500 sq km northward into Mansi lands just west of the Oirat expansion. Mastoravic priests are sent to both the Oirat and these areas. A diplomat is sent to the Oirats, asking to split Siberia between them and the Jochids, with the Oirats getting all the land to the east, toward China, and the Jochids being granted everything to the north of Lake Baikal. Speaking of the Mastorava, it continues to spread across the nation. It is also brought into the Azovan Khanate, where people are still encouraged to swear loyalty to the Metropolitan-Shaman in Bolghar in the name of Chernobog, and where increasingly more conversions happen. The Khanate of Azov continues to be influenced religoulsy, as well as culturally. The long work of influencing the Chagatay finally pays off, as the northwesternmost edge, centred on the cities of Almaty and Bishkek, breaks from the rest of the nation. A pro-Jochid Kazakh Khanate is formed in this area. Prince Arslan spends time in New Mosul, between Assyrians and Volga Russians. He strengthens his popularity amongst those in the reform movements and the Christians. These reformists call for the adoption of the Permic ruble as the official currency of the nation.
 * Great Perm extends its trade influence amongst the Volga basin, with the region once again gaining trade importance. Many merchants trade across Europe, acting as a middle man in trade between the Baltic and Black Sea areas. The power of merchants increases, as Duke Stephen II agrees to expand their powers. The ruble continues to be expanded upon; by the end of the year, many merchants begin to do their nternational business in rubles rather than the banned zolotnik or the ducat. This expands Perm's influence. While content with the annexed territories, the Permians continue to teach Komi to the populations in the Novgorod Republic. Vepsian is also taught to the far west, in Lake Ladoga.
 * Adyghea's economy expands. Trade blooms, as the ruble is officially adopted. This allows a fixed amount of gains and little inflation (as the ruble is pegged to the ducat); this allows the Adyghe economy to swell rapidly. More people flock to the cities, while the fields' agricultural produce increases.
 * the Kazakh Khanate attempts to begin stabilisation of the northwestern breakaway parts of the Chagatay nation that composes the Khanate. Several groups attempt to gain the patronage of the Ulus. Foremost amongst them are a Manghit sub-branch located in Almaty, which wishes to establish control over a centralised, Mastoravic Khanate. However, other groups also swearing fealty to the Jochid Khan also rise. The Khanate is split into several warlords, all officially recognising the rulership of the Khan of Almaty, but de facto looking for power for themselves.
 * Cahokia: Rektaw is somewhat dissatisfied in the current image of Cahokia as a nation back on its feet post anarchy. He feels that it is time to move on to a new phase of Cahokian history, one of great strength and wonder. Indulging in his personal knack for design and architecture, he starts to personally draw up plans for a new palace: a massive mound structure to be seen for miles. Other than new ambition, it's business as usual for the Cahokians. MSC has had its second year of full capcity enrollment and is looking to open a new school in Etowah. Due to budget mis-allocation, the census has been delayed until 1462. The WWMP is on schedule for 1470. Farming expands significantly.
 * West Moundville (Vassal of Cahokia): Trade with the Aztec people is consistent. Now effectively established as trading partners, we request cocoa beans in exchange for Nac Scout Armor. WM expands its growing fishing industry. Now that the Aztec have been established as allies, several Nac regiments shift to the west to prep for inland expansion as the growing population requires more space.
 * East Moundville (Vassal of Cahokia) : EM requests to Parkin for Nac scouting parties to push into the panhandle of OTL Florida to figure out what remnants of Cahokia remain and what tribes have established themselves. Local government is now stable and well established. The mouth of the Mississippi grows as EM - WM trading center as OTL New Orleans begins to form. EM leadership puts forward a motion to map (in minute detail) the entirety of the coastline for EM. They consider asking WM for permission to do the same.
 * Etowah (Vassal of Cahokia):  Progress continues on the construction of Appawa (slated for completion in 1470). Etowan engineers recognize the mountains' freshwater supply and hope channel and shift those streams into a central canal in Appawa. Rektaw is pleased with this idea as it is engineering shift away from traditional Cahokian city design, design that once doomed the civilization to a sanitation disaster. This new addition to the project adds approximately five years to the project. Appawa is now slated for 1475 completion.  Timber remains to be Etowah's main economic output.
 * Parkin (Vassal of Cahokia) : Shifting assests as requested to WM, Parkin leadership members are anxious to establish the Nac Riders as a formidable fighting force to the Aztec in an attempt to prove there worth. Requests from central Cahokia are received to send domesticized bison with trainers and support staff to Cahokia and Appawa to possiblt expedite production and worker efficency.
 * Oyo Empire: Oyo continues its technological advancement with the University of Oyo-Ile pushing ahead with new technologies and ideas. The navy of Oyo is growing to a respectable size, with ten yanyan ships trading in the region. The development of navigation proceeds well, though the Oyo seek the aid of the Europeans in this regard despite their gains in that field of development.
 * Zapotec: Emperor Tlaco expands Danibaan's influence in the surrounding city-states by way of the Zapotec Alliance. Roadways connecting cities in the alliance help merchants and soldiers move more freely between them. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. In the coastal regions under Danibaan's influence, more boats are created. Tlaco orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Daibaan continues expanding into the surrounding city-states north along the gulf coast.
 * Milan: Work continues on the Certosa di Pavia, the Castle Visconteo, and on the extensive Milan Cathedral. We continue training a proper standing army, utilizing Swiss mercenaries and local recruits. With border disputes now settled between the nations of Austria and Switzerland, we continue opening friendly relations with both nations in hopes of repairing our diplomatic relations and protecting our northern border. We continue constructing cogs and galleys to strengthen our navy and protect our interests on the seas. We upgrade infrastructure, as do our vassals. We acknowledge the Castilian claim to the throne of Aragon.
 * Milan: Work continues on the Certosa di Pavia, the Castle Visconteo, and on the extensive Milan Cathedral. We continue training a proper standing army, utilizing Swiss mercenaries and local recruits. With border disputes now settled between the nations of Austria and Switzerland, we continue opening friendly relations with both nations in hopes of repairing our diplomatic relations and protecting our northern border. We continue constructing cogs and galleys to strengthen our navy and protect our interests on the seas. We upgrade infrastructure, as do our vassals. We acknowledge the Castilian claim to the throne of Aragon.

1462
'''The Uzbeks conquer the city of Herat. With most of the area now under their control, they officially declare themselves the Khanate of Bukhara. They move on to seize Khwarezm from the Timurids.'''

'''Fijian tribes begin to grow in number. Some resort to trading with other Melanesian nations, and naval presence increases.'''

'''A Ming Dynasty Chinese military general stages a coup against the Emperor. His forces set fire to the eastern and western gates of the Imperial City after a day-long uprising. '''

Cirencester Grammar School is founded in south-west England by the Bishop of Durham.

'''The Marrikuwuyanga “Empire”, after a period of isolation and consolidation, emerges and begins small-scale trading with the island nations to its north. They trade eucalyptus wood and oil for iron weapons. '''

'''The Indian states having pushed out the Mughals for the most part convene to discuss their next course of action. Many of the Indian states in order to prevent later exploitation by foreign powers wish for the creation of the Indian council in order to keep peace on the continent'''

'''Over a decade of Christianization and friendly contact with Castile has led to the formation of a mall Christian kingdom on the coast of Kongo. (mil 5, econ 5, inf 5)'''


 * So, Kongo, a nation that has only been in contact with Castile for ten years, is allowed to Christianize, but Oyo, a nation that has had friendly relations with Castile for the last sixty years, is not? Kongo is primitive, backward and twice the distance away from Castile as Oyo. This is stupid. I'm sorry, but that's all I can say right now. It's stupid. ~Viva


 * 10,000-30,000 people (if even that) forming a small primitive Christian kingdom is not the same as converting your semi-advanced nation of then three million people (now larger) to Christianity in 40 years. -Feud


 * I'll accept that. ~Viva

'''How about THAT KHMER-AYUTTHAYA MARRIAGE? Scan AND I have been requesting it for about five turns.'''

They Agree -Feud
 * Castile: The Castilian economy continues a larger process of pulling in more money through trade. The infrastructure of Castile is also expanded more. Castile, in order to facilitate more conversions to Christianity, imposes higher taxes on non-Christians in the areas it controls personally or by proxy through its vassals. Castile has successfully mapped large parts of the African coast south of Morocco and down as far as their trade posts in the Kongo these are kept secret.  The Castilian nobility begins to adapt toward a newer system to revamp or work on their power as they move toward becoming advisors to the king and less involved in their feudal estates which while growing have developed Guilds to facilitate payments for the efforts of the men working, The expert workmanship of many of these men has seen notable increase in productivity for each feudal state with most lords not complaining. The Kingdom's cities begin to be improved with better sanitation and the King hires architects to plan out a sewer system, as well as a true plan for multiple major cities. Castile begins a major process of researching the matchlocks acquired from the Netherlands  acquired and develops its own version which is used to replace the older weapons. which is finally finished. The construction of a new kind of warship with cannons is completed - a heavy warship much more powerful than most other ships of the time. The King notices the heavily increased productivity and income flow due to his hands off policy and non-interference and begins to allow artists, minstrels and other artistic and scientific minds to become more prevalent in Castile, many believe the Castilian Renaissance is imminent. Castile, due to its naval range, high income, extensive and dominant trade network, becomes one of the largest and most dynamic trade empires of the Atlantic and Western Mediterranean. The Castilian navy with its new heavy warships and some new updated designs for older ships organizes a heavy royal fleet phasing out past organizations. The Royal army of Castile has now almost wholly replaced the previous feudalistic military forces and has a size of nearly 50,000 and growing thanks in part to the good funding being provided by the king. In order to make up for lost power the King as behest of his new wife, and several of his friends who are nobles create a king's advisory council which officially has the power of the king in many matters if authorized. The men are also given station to criticize the king's actions to keep him from going crazy with power. The Knights Hospitaller are moved more into Castile with their professional fighting strength and religious zeal used to patrol the borders of Castile's Gibraltar province. The Knights are also given the authority to police the majority Christian Tangiers now, and effectively prevent many Muslims from coming over the border to wreak havoc. Castile's navy, now heavily funded and expanded greatly, reaches a large number of combat and tradeworthy ships and with its trade from Oyo, and various supply bases establishes military and trade dominance over the West African areas as well as its locality in the Mediterranean. The Castilian trade dominance in West Africa remains unbudged as Castile directly owns and has the majority of the gold and ivory trades coming out of West and North Africa. Castile's population reaches around 6.3 million and growing. (I have been focusing heavily on growth of population and have not been involved in nearly the number of destructive wars as OTL Castile has been). The Castilian Renaissance reaches its full swing with art and scientific advancement being allowed by the State as many of the religious fanatics and dissidents are fighting in Morocco, along with this, the highly respected middle and artisan classes are able to afford a much better living with various artists painting great works and with one even gaining an audience with the royal family for a painting. The Castilian navy reaches a large force of nearly 550 ships using the huge funding from Castile's conquests, trading, and other situation to fund this navy. The technology of the Castilian navy is improved heavily as the king begins to focus more on the quality of his ships rather than the quantity which results in better quality ships (like an early carrack and my previously developed pre-galleon). The exploration continues just below the Kongo as the Castilian exploration parties manage to gather supplies from the Kongo's friendlier tribes. These exploratory parties have reached OTL southern Angola and a little bit farther south but supply constraints and lack of knowledge of the area prevents further progress. Castile begins sending missionaries to the Kongo to convert the friendlier tribes which is relatively successful. Castile continues to convert to the Western Church with the king and his royal family attempting to preach about the new church and its benefits to the common man and not keeping them in the dark. The Conversion to the Western/Consuete Church continues with a relative majority accepting following the issues with nobility.  The Castilian navy with new ships replacing the old ones begins military drills for preparedness and experience. Castile also now not having the troop strength to hold onto Tangiers anymore (due to the war) transfers control of the city and surrounding area to the kingdom of Morocco. With the independence of Alexandria sends major amounts of aid to the Christians in Alexandria and begins basing more ships in Cyprus to help support them. The King also has a child with his Aragonese wife named Elizabeta (Scraw didn't have a name. I had to make one up) named Ferdinand who is now two years old. The Castilian navy begins establishing multiple trade posts up and down the African coasts more for contact and conversions to Christianity rather than full blown trade in multiple areas. The Castilian king Henry IV funds an exploratory fleet down from Congo to map the area and identify areas suitable for a trade posts or resupply point with the expressed purpose of reaching India by the close of the Century. This objective is kept a secret from most everyone but the ships men and captains and the closest members of the Castilian court. The Castilian navy begins pushing the exploratory border to the southern tip of Angola and into northern Namibia and in order to effectively resupply creates some trade posts and resupply posts in the area. The issue with King Henry being a very problematic king is finally solved in which during a meeting of the king's council he demanded that any and all foreign merchants within Castile and its vassals were to be expelled or killed if they refused to. This causes an action in which King Henry not only attempts to outlaw the Consuete Church which most of the country and its vassals follow, but begin a purge of foreign merchants, Muslims, Jews and renaissance thinkers. This causes an action to be needed and Carlos with support from the king's council and most of the Castilian nobility takes command of the Royal Army while King Henry himself leads a much smaller army against his Half Brother. Carlos then states he will rule as regent for King Henry's son and will alow King Henry to live out his days in peace if he backs down. This is not done and the remaining disloyal nobles supporting the old church vestiges and King Henry are wiped out in a short but bloody battle in which Henry himself was killed. The Country takes the news well having heard of his attempts to outlaw their own religion and kill the many things that were making Castile prosperous. Carlos staying true to his word only rules Castile as a regent and begins to personally Educate his Nephew Ferdinand to prevent him from being like his father. His first order of business is to re-integrate the Kingdom of the Canaries into Castile proper. Castile requests larger scale trade with the new Kingdom of Kongo and ask to base ships there for exploratory purposes (Mod Please) The new young King Ferdinand is also announced to have claim to the Throne of Aragon as well as the throne of Castile
 * Kingdom of Granada: The economy, while moderate, is expanded. The Kingdom is formed in a relatively common way as the Muslims are currently being fought as what is deemed "hispanic tradition."  The Prince of Granada is a Castilian noble named Juan Cortez who is extremely biased against Muslims due to his father's death in the original war against Morocco over Gibraltar. The countries armed forces also begin to fight the remaining Muslims in the mountains and begin the force conversion of the remaining Muslims in Granada. Juan Cortez seeing the fallacy of supporting Henry throws his support behind Carlos and his plan. The Military is worked on just in case. The Prince of Granada Juan supports Ferdinand's claim to the throne of Aragon.
 * Kingdom of Cyprus: The King of Cyprus is now King Alexander of Cyprus. The King of Cyprus begins to see Castilian culture not as a dominant force but a possible blendable culture that can fit well within Cypriot society. The economy and military of the country is built up as is the infrastructure with a nice road system being built throughout the country. Cyprus gaining large funds from being a Castilian trade hub, begins building a few ships domestically, and purchases ships from Castile, or her allies shipwrights forming a respectable Cypriot navy of almost 90 ships with expected expansion to come. This expansion has been achieved specifically thanks to huge amounts of outsourcing to private shipwrights. Cyprus begins to see an exodus of the Knights Hospitaller west to Castile and her territories and King Matthias begins a larger recruitment for the military managing to raise a force of nearly 10,000. This force is largely funded through the large trade Cyprus has gathered. The troops are styled after Castile's royal army and Cyprus embarks on an intense training program in order to bring them up to standards. The Knights, with many departing also have many older and other knights stay due to their close ties with Cyprus. They remain to run the Knights Hospitaller in Cyprus for the foreseeable future while a large number have migrated across the sea. The Kingdom of Cyprus due to the recent issues in Castile reluctantly recognizes Carlos and his regency for Prince Ferdinand and recognizes Ferdinand's claim to the Throne of Aragon.
 * Kingdom of Morocco: The less fortunate and disenfranchised are converted. The Kingdom itself is a Christian kingdom with a similar situation of early Castile and Aragon, with large numbers of Muslims and a small number of Christians. However, the Christian community in Morocco is expanded thanks to the influx of traders and settlers from Castile and some other immigrants looking for an opportunity to live a new life here. The Kingdom establishes its capital in Casablanca and with this, begins a major point of establishing a major military presence in the area.  The infrastructure, particularly in dealing with transport and water, is expanded to accommodate more people but the only people allowed to settle are Christians - particularly from Hispania. A notable number of Castilians settle the area. While Christians remain the minority the kingdom of Morocco sets up various churches and allows preachers to roam around and convert people. The Kingdom begins to push toward integration of the city of Tangiers into the kingdom. This would give the Kingdom two important cities. Heavy taxes are imposed on Muslim traders in order to facilitate conversions to Christianity while lower more friendly taxes are given to Christian merchants. The leader of Morocco styled a king, out of respect deducts himself in rank to Prince of Morocco as the throne is only to be held by the King of Castile himself if it's ever required. The country begins the construction of various canals and cultivates trees farther inland to help increase arable farmland. The Moroccan economy continue to expand with greater trade coming from Castile and the Canaries all the way down to Capo Verde increasing the relative wealth. The Kingdom's army proper raised by immigrant Christians now numbers about 7000 itself and is expected to grow. The Kingdom of Morocco begins to take control of territory in  the interior of Morocco proper following the Castilian and English forces and securing the areas (this territory is being integrated into the kingdom of Morocco). The population of Morocco is an estimated 420,000 currently with an increasing amount of people settling in the country. The city of Fez begins to rebuilt as the Holy City of Calne-Vicuna for the Consuete (Western) Church. The Converted Berbers are finally admitted into the armed forces and as fierce fighters they are able to not only put down Muslim revolts but wipe them out at the core. The Prince of Morocco now named Fernando Ortega a new name come up with to differentiate himself as the Prince of Morocco takes power from his now dead father. He immediately supports Carlos's plans in Castile and sends some of the new Christian Berber troops to act as personal guards for the Royal Palace in Toledo. The Moroccan Prince also pecognizes Ferdinand's claim to the Throne of Aragon.
 * Oyo Diplomacy: Oyo wishes to send architects to Castile to answer the call for men needed to plan out the nation's sanitation system. We have been pioneering in this area of city-building and planning for the last 65 years, and our streets and canal systems are impeccable. We would be honored to aid the Castilian government in their effort to increase their people's standard of living. All we ask in return is information.
 * Castilian Dip: We'll agree to civil information. Info on weapons and ships are not something we can part with easily as many of our weapons and ships are in use by only our state and are much more advanced than our neighbors.
 * Kongolese (Mod) Diplomacy: The Kongolese approve for their base of ships, and increase trade with the Castilians.
 * France D: We dubiously accept the claim on the throne, mostly out of a respectful support to a good ally Castile. Maybe in the future.
 * Trier: We upgrade our military and economy. The states around us are influenced. Trade routes are established, opening trade among Hesse, Cologne and Austria and her vassals. We dedicate this turn to infrastructure expansion, building several defenses, and roads to link towns across the nation. Fortifications around our capital are improved and updated.
 * Alexandria: Sends official gifts of thanks to all Catholic and Christian nations that assisted in Alexandria's establishment and to announce that Alexandria's ports are open for trade. Dignitaries are sent to other Christians west of the Nile, to gather information on the region. A claim is made on this region. Other dignitaries are sent to the Judea region and the Ethiopia region as well to gather similar reports. Trade efficiency and strategies are looked at in order to garner a higher profit (Economics turn). The Coptic Church forms the Diocese of Aiguptia (Western Nile Region) to assist in organizing the Christians there both politically and religiously.
 * Mansuriyyan Caliphate: Work on improving Baghdad continues, and vast sections of the city are renovated to modern standards. More of the Caliphate flock to the city in hopes of securing a better living for themselves. Fatih continues his reforms, subtly modifying Islamic texts published in the Caliphate to better suit his agenda. Support for Fatih is at an all-time high, with many even declaring that he is the legendary Twelfth Imam who had disappeared more than 500 years ago. Fatih does not confirm nor deny those rumors, further increasing his mystique among the people. The trade offer from the Bavand Shahdom is accepted, although the government is hesitant to enter any alliances of of yet. Trade with the Ottomans continues to flourish, and a diplomatic envoy is sent to the Caucasian Confederation to ask them of a trade deal. Many merchants flock to Baghdad and Baghdad begins to be known as one of the key trade centers of the Middle East. The population growth program continues, with growth remaining at a high 3.1%. Baghdad's population surpasses the 500,000 mark, although there are reports that other parts of the nation have been virtually depopulated as entire communities leave to settle in Baghdad, where Fatih's reforms guarentee that even the poor have an opportunity to succeed in life. The vast fortunes that flood into the Caliphate from trade are used in various social welfare programs, from simple housing for the poor and food handouts. The military is downscaled as the need to defend themselves diminishes, although forces on the Persian border are still wary of possible invasion.
 * Rumania: Radu, now 27, continues to promote economic growth. Several shipyards and mines are built. Also many mills spring-up across the nation. The Venetian school begins to diversify its classes, expanding to include mathematics, philosophy and literature. Class attendance grows as printed books, bought from abroad, become common in the library. The states of: Kiev, Chernigov, Volhynia and the Azovan Khanate are all sent trade offers, and Alliance offers. (Mod Response needed) 
 * The Consulate of Bulgaria: Work continues on roads and bridges. Vast improvements are made across the nation’s infrastructure, and work resumes on the fort in Varna. The port of Varna is also improved.
 * UNC: The Rikstag of Stockholm is concluded. The restored House of Sverker is deemed defunct with no heirs. The Rikstag nominates Halvar Bjornsiff as king. The House of Halvar becomes the most prominent house in the area. Reforms to the UNC are accepted. Among these drastic changes includes the centralization of the UNC and the creation of the Scandinavian Empire. All vassals reaffirm their pledge with Scandinavia. By May of this year, the changes are finalized. The Scandinavian Empire is born.
 * Hungary offers some land in Dalmatia to construct a port as agreed in the trade deal between the nations.
 * The temptation to do the House of Clause was overwhelming.
 * Hamburg-Mecklenburg: The economy continues to grow. Reconstruction of Lüneburg nears completion, and the University remains strong. Upon the outbreak of civil war in Bavaria, most Hamburgers flee, while the government continues to recognize Jacqueline as the Bavarian ruler. The HTSC begins preparing its ships for its southerly voyage next year.
 * Anhalt: Economy expanded.
 * France: Military and economy are built up. While this, the Navy expands. Brittany officially enters the French influence sphere. In Armagnac a few officers loyal to France give up on rebels siding with the recently known Foix threat. The ambassador of Foix is captured and the alleged secret agent is decapitated. A blockade continues to be exerted at Foix. Aragon (my bad) and Castile are asked to follow the same actions. The ambassador is revealed to be still alive although being held prisoner by the French. While this, Foix is warned that any further meddling in Armagnac will result in a war. While this, several soldiers capture raiders from Foix executing them in public and several French citizens initiating their own raidings in the border with Foix. We continue the vassalization of Basel and Switzerland (if Daese remains AFK LOL)
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up, economy expands.
 * Brittany: Military and navy are built up, economy expands.
 * Berry: Military and economy are built up.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up.
 * Armagnac: Military and economy are built up.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy are built up.
 * Portugal: Continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Leiname. By this time, the colony in Leiname starts to export wheat to Portugal. Meanwhile, some Portuguese explorers start to follow the Castilian example and start to explore the African coast. São Miguel and Santa Maria continue to be settled. Meanwhile, the colony of Açores expands 600 sq km into the two recently-discovered islands, with settling starting there.
 * Hungary and all its vassals and puppet states expand militarily and economically. Poland expands its armed forces too, increasing the strength of its troops by focusing on the training of more knights to fight for the nation. Sigismund begins to bring order to all parts of his realm. Resources for the construction of the ports are allocated too, and the construction continues.
 * County of Oldenburg: The military is expanded, with forts being upgraded, defences being strengthened, and the ships being beached for repairs. Albion is yet again asked for closer trading ties. Whaling etc. continues between Greenland and Neu Baltrum.
 * Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: Several manorial lords who had spearheaded the opposition to Bishop Klemens' nationalisation bid are found dead in their houses. Many point the finger of blame at the Bishop and his secretive Order of the Seraphim, although no one is bold enough to say anything. With the lords out of the way, Klemens is able to coervce their successors and former supporters to sell their lands to the Church. The vast majority of agricultural and forest land in the Bishopric is now under the direct control of the Church.
 * Sanafah continues to develop, as slash and burn tactics allow the expanding population, which is growing exponentially, new lands on the interior of the island to settle. Trade with Swahili states, and even states as far north as Iritriya continue, bringing on a period of economic strength and development. Technology from Arabia, India, and China all make their way to Sanafah, and development on a road system begins. Dina Morgabin    grows an additional 1000 sq km (now covering two-thirds of the Island). The added economic possibilities from this region bring more and more settlers, and plans for the settlement of Dina Arobi are set into action and planned for next year. Sakalava expands an additional 2500 sq km into Mahafaly, officially having annexed the entire nation. The two peoples are ethnically and culturally similar enough that integration is expected to be easy . Vassalization of Mabuto continues under the Sanafah Council. Meanwhile, Sakalava begins to vassalize Sofala. The Malagasy language and the Swahili language begin to intermingle, and most traders in the Kingdom know both languages. Emir Amaar Rahasan decides against an immediate war with the Merina people, opting to take a more peaceful approach following his pilgrimage to Mecca in the early half of the year. The military grows.
 * Too fast with all of this in all regards. I literally told you it was going to take at least 50 or 60 years for any attempted unification. You're also vassalizing too much at one time. This is not okay and your claiming to cover two-thirds of the island in five or six years. Not only is this unlikely, it's one of the most implausible things I've ever seen. You were collapsed for this behaviour as the Mashriq. CUT IT OUT NOW! Do you understand me? -Feud
 * Betsileo: Not wanting to fall behind Sanafah, decides that it, too, must begin to modernize and become the best state in central Madagascar. It also expands into the state to its northwest (Sihanaka), by 2500 sq km. (Now up to one-third of the state). Betsileo also continues to vassalize Bezanozano. Meanwhile, the Comoros, wanting to expand but not finding any other islands, establishes a settlement south of Mtwara, called Pembara (OTL Pemba). This settlement is only about 250 sq km large, but it is planned to expand north to Mtwara and south to Mozambique, given support by the Malagasy states.
 * Vassals can't vassalize, way too much influence and expansion in a singular turn. You should [not?] even have this as a vassal yet. You're going way too fast. -Feud
 * Venetian Republic:
 *  Books on various topics spread from Venice throughout Europe, continuing the Renaissance. Printed in the Venetian language, they teach of the sciences and humanities and revive learning, spreading knowledge (as well as the language) far and wide. .
 *  With the increased supply of Ducats, the fluidity of European trade increases with Ducat using nations benefiting most. 
 *  Many people sentenced to death are drowned in the canals as is the Venetian tradition. The tradition is becoming the primary way to execute criminals and is spreading to the Venetian territories across Europe. 
 *  Fine wool and silk clothing from Titani is exported across the Mediterranean and Black Sea and begins to set the trend in Renaissance clothing. 
 *  Venetian trade reaches across the known world. Merchant ships carry salt, silks, glass and a collection of other goods, both common and rare. Venetian traders are the largest carriers of trade in Europe, with the thousands of ships and a trading tradition continuing to fuel this. 
 *  The Roscol Bank uses local subsidiaries all across Europe to fund trade, with a leaning toward funding trade with Venice. They also fund enterprises across the continent, boosting the economies of the nations which they inhabit. The Roscol Bank invests conservatively. While this doesn't bring in as much wealth as other nations' banking, such as the Dutch, it results in a much more robust level of equity. 
 *  Due to the stability of business and protection afforded to private enterprise in Venice, many merchants set up shop in the city despite being foreign, utilising the Venetian law to protect their businesses. Criminals and a less divided merchant class mean prosperity for all those involved with Venetian business in some way. 
 * In Veneto the Roscol and Masaro Collegantias are at each others throats, with Masaro undercutting the Roscol trade in basic produce. The Roscol Collegantia starts to speak to merchants who are also facing trouble in the face of the Masaro trade expansion. The Venetian Fleet is now complete, with 500 Carros in the ranks, and now with less people to pay costs of the Venetian fleet actually drop slightly while the high capacity of the Carros beigns in slightly more revenue than before, resulting in a good profit. The arsenal of Venice is being modernised, it will take three more years to complete. The Doge decides to support Venetian culture further. He funds conversions to Venetian culture across the Republic and Empire. The Order of Saint Mark continues to grow in size and influence, numbering now 39,000 members and still growing. The beliefs of faith are popular amongst commoners - especially those who feel the church does not practice the faith properly. Alexandria is slowly becoming more and more of a hub of the True Faith as commoners convert to the belief en masse. (responses to players) In other news, the Doge's son Christofo, who has been enjoying his married life with his wife Isabell von Wittelsbach, hears of the issues of Bavaria. His wife pleads with Christofo to help her sister. Out of love for his wife and want for glory he promises to help. He asks his father Dragano for help in the matter but Dragano states "that it is no war of Venices", but seeing something gallant in Christofo decides to allow him money from the family purse to hire 1000 men to take north and sends twenty of his Leone Vardia to protect Christofo. He hires 200 heavy horse, 500 archers and 300 pikemen. Christofo is overjoyed with his force, and begins the march in the later year being in Austrian territory in December. I'm sure we'll need to talk so I know what I'm allowed to do with this but I thought it'd be relevant :) In other news, Venice supports the Castilian claim to Aragon.
 * Eco-turn
 * Epirote Republic: More to come!
 * In Epirus the military grows.
 * Mil-turn
 * Venetian Empire:
 * In the Province of Aegina: the military grows. Mil-turn
 * In the Free Port of Athens: the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * In the Province of Candia: the military grows. Eco-turn
 * In the Corfiot Protectorate: the military grows. Mil-turn
 * In the Province of Kaffa: the military grows. Mil-turn
 * In the Naxian Protectorate: the military grows. Mil-turn
 * In the Province of Negroponte: the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * In the Free Port of Ragusa: the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * Hesse: In a long, sleepless night, Ludwig II decides to write a song with his harpsichord. After many hours trying to get it just right, he does it. He names it "Meine Liebe, Mein Land, Hessen", or 'My Love, My Land, Hesse'. He plans to make it the official song of the nation. He also buys some other instruments as well to experiment with. He has another son with his wife, Adolf I. Recruiting starts to fill in the depleted divisions from the last war. More forts are built on the borders. The economy expands.
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Landshut expands its military. The population continues to rise. Grand Duchess Jacqueline and her council continue to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with twenty-five very large cogs being finished, and by 1461 a trade route is put in place. Such important places in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany, due to a longstanding trade deal. Continuing in 1461, Jacqueline commisions six cogs to sail around western Mediterranean coasts. The planned market center in Landshut continues to attract regional traders. In religious news, the country begins converting to the Western Netherlander church. By the end of this year, around 74% of the country adheres to the Western Church. Most adherents live around Munchen and Landshut. In other news, Bavaria continues implementing the Alliance and Merchant Act as well as the Militia and Navy Act. Jacqueline continues efforts to implement Sedevacantist policies in the government, being much more religious than her father. Furthermore, Jacqueline also arranges the Roscol Bank access to Landshut to do trading. The Venetian merchants take an interest in government bonds. At the start of the year, Jacqueline has the upper hand, as she holds the capital and much of central Bavaria. However, as the year goes on and the economic depression worsens, many defect to Eleanor's call. By April, Munchich, Straubing and Bamberg join Eleanor's call. After several months of heavy fighting with an estimated casualty number of 200,000, Eleanor surrounds Trausnitz in early September. She establishes a camp just outside the castle and stays there while her troops lay siege to the city. The impoverished citizens of Landshut openly welcome her, so there is little bloodshed there. The siege finally ends on November 30, when Eleanor's forces break into the keep and slaughter Jacqueline's personal guard. Jacqueline herself is captured and promptly imprisoned. On December 1, Eleanor moves into Trausnitz, is once more proclaimed Grand Duchess, and reorganizes a privy council, banishing Jacqueline's. A week later, Grand Duchess Dowager Elisabeth is invited to return to Bavaria. She answers the call and returns later in the month.
 * Munchen: The main campus of Queen Isabell University is completed and the beginning courses include French, Latin, English, and Greek as well as theology, clergy training and mathematics being taught. By 1460, the total class amounts to about 2700 men. Troops authorized by Jacqueline continue training. Several markets are constructed in Munchen as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders. In recent news, unemployment begins to rise in the wake of tax disasters following Jacqueline's embarassing, confusing policies. Munchen levies 11,000 troops for Eleanor.
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Jacqueline continue training. Several markets are constructed in Straubing as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders. Straybing levies 6000 troops for Eleanor
 * Ingolstadt: Ingolstadt joins Eleanor's call to war and levies about 4000 men to fight for her.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Jacqueline continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Jacqueline continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Jacqueline continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Jacqueline continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for Castilian and Austrian traders. Bamberg levies 3000 troops for Eleanor.
 * Wurzburg: Wurzburg allies with Eleanor and levies 5500 men to fight for her.
 * The Koryak Confederacy continues to rebuild its military. Still more cavalry are trained, and the militia are reorganized to train twice a month rather than only once. The previous eight uhlans are expanded to 20, with 5000 marines, specially trained for ship-to-ship fighting, also available. 50 more panokseons are constructed. With better protection available, trade along the Lena doubles. Three uhlans, along with siege equipment, are shipped to Ustokut, while three uhlans are shipped to Kodiak also. On Kodiak, the native population has virtually disappeared. An eccentric Chukchi chieftain begins trying to train his two pet walruses to act as guards for his moat-surrounded village. Initially unsuccessful, he is shocked when they kill several thieves attempting to swim the moat. He soon trains several more walruses.
 * ​Chukchis: The Chukchis emulate the Koryaks and reorganize their military, training 4000 men and imposing militia service.
 *  ​ East Yakuts: The East Yakuts expand the road and port system to cope with the Lena trade.
 * Free City of Ustokut: The city now has a population of 100,000, and is quickly growing. The arrival of the uhlans and siege equipment from Koryakia makes the city feel much more secure, especially as the troops are used to finish the curtain wall and construct more docks and warehouses within it. Shinto priests continue to convert the population and the tribes who arrive to rade.
 * The Nation of the Oirats: Cement and iron increase in production. Iron weapons are now majorly used. As we increase in population, we slowly target our expansion northward. We expand 50 px to the North. We continue to develop our firearms. We continue to study the printing press and make more of it. We buy more books from China.  We continue making more muskets. We now have 10,000 primitive musketeers. We begin building up our miltary and create even tougher practices. We battle the Mongols tiringly. After hearing that there's an uprising in China, we sent 1000 of our best cavalry to China to help them quell the uprising.
 * Koryak Dip: The Koryak Confederacy requests that the Oirats cease expansion into the territory of their valued and loyal trading partner the Siberian Tatars forthwith.
 * The Kingdom of England (member state of the Kingdoms of Greater Albion): English military and navy are expanded with many new war cogs being added to the English fleets. The North Sea trade is almost completely dominated by the North Sea Trading Alliance (Holland and Albion, mostly). Nordic and English culture continues to blend, with stories of the mythical Norse gods becoming popular reading among the wealthy segments of the population. Scotland continues to integrate the government fully with that of England and of Albion in full. Work with the Celts continue in Scotland and Ireland working to bring the two cultures closer together. Albion sends more explorers to Africa, particularly in the OTL regions of Sierra Leone and the Ivory Coast. Edmund Trading Port in OTL Sierra Leone continues to see expansive trade and is renamed Edmundburgh. Due to the damage to the palaces, King Edmund elects to move the seat of Albion temporarily to York while the repairs to central London continues. The Albionic and English Navies are continuously and massively expanded in an effort to retain control over the waters of the North. New and larger, more powerful ships are built as well as the Albionic equivalent to the Norse Karak, but with more guns and a slightly larger masthead. English explorers begin to map the coast of Africa for the King, making it down the coast near OTL Gabon. James Severus' famous book, The Eddies of Great Albion: Poetry from the Past becomes a popular read across the Isles and is shipped abroad with trade merchants, spreading Anglo-Celt culture far and wide. The Albionic Navy continues growth with a number of impressive ships constructed. In Albion, the first books are printed in English, inspiring a nationalistic attitude among the population. several books including The Eddies of Great Albion are translated into English, as well as Gaelic. The Aeneid becomes the first of a string of classical literature printed in the Isles and is distributed throughout. Books written by Roman tacticians from the old Province of Britannia are sent to Eire. All alliances and trade agreements with Hungary are still in effect, Albion hopes to have many years of peace and cooperation. All trade is accepted and a duty free zone is established. Hungary is permitted a trade outpost on the Isle of Wright, in leu of taxes, the Crown instead asks for a share of profits from the trading port. The United Kingdoms of Greater Albion recognizes the Catilian claimant to the throne of Aragon.
 * Dublin: After the years of upgrading, Dublin becomes a shining jewel in the Eire. Dublin founds the Bank of Eire as an offshoot of the Bank of England. The Bank of England sees modernization. The Albionic and English Navies are continuously and massively expanded in an effort to retain control over the waters of the North. The Eddies of Great Albion: Poetry from the Past becomes a popular read in Dublin, one of the most important trading ports in Eire.
 * Wales: The Welsh military and navy are expanded. The Welsh begin to see the fruits of all the English banking investments as large areas of the nation see improvements in infrastructure. Representation in the Albion Parliament increases as a minor population boom in and around Cardiff begins. The Albionic and English Navies are continuously and massively expanded in an effort to retain control over the waters of the North.
 * Mayan empire: we begin centralizing the empire in yucatan, and deveope the military, training, arming, and ensuring we have a regluar standing army. Slavery becomes popular again, and iron and obsidion mines are restablished. The population invreases slightly, and we expand 20 px miles south.
 * Prussia: The Prussians continue to convert to the Western Church. The Prussians begin to build their army.
 * Masovia: The Kingdom of Masovia also continues recovering their economy and continues building a new national army. The Masovians continue construction of their capital at Czersk. The Masovians also continue converting to the Western Church.
 * Pomerania: The Pomeranians continue building their economy and continue building a new national army. The Pomeranians also continue converting to the Western Church.
 * Courland: The Curonians also begin developing their economy and military. The Curonians also begin converting to the Western Church.
 * Ashikaga Shogunate: The Shogun continues to centralise religion, imposing tithes on all citizens within the Shogunate. The money raised is used to pay for the start of building works on new walls around the capital, Kyoto. Work also starts on a castle outside the capital which would serve as the seat of the Ashikaga. Designed to be impregnable, the castle is made of granite with a thickness of 16 feet with a tower keep in the centre to give command of the surroundings. However, the introduction of tithes is unpopular with widespread rural unrest, especially in the Date Province.
 * Cuzco. Military and Infrastructure are built up by Cuzco and the Wankas.(Short post - I'm busy right now and will try to post later)
 * Eire: We rejoice when Thomond and later other Irish states lay down arms and join us, and 55 years after King Thomas' fateful dream, Eire becomes fully united, save the city of Dublin, which remains independent and remaining so for the forseeable future. Celebrations occur in towns across Eire, and the King and his entourage tours Eire, with the help of the new road system. We begin expanding roads to newly-acquired regions in Eire, hoping to connect all major towns, and spread new Irish ideals such as Occidentalism (Western Catholicism) and pro-Albionism. Stabilization after years of expansion continues, with many soldiers in the military for years during Eire's fighting begin to settle down, and the navy continues to be built up. Cork and Ballydrogheda undergo a renaissance, as the unification of Ireland allows for the ability to export products from all across the Isle. As such, trade increases. the King begins to modernize the military forces, with the eventual forces consisting of a main line of pikemen, Gaelic skirmishers on the flanks, crossbowmen behind the skirmishers, and the cavalry behind all. Wool begins to become a more popular farm product, with a few people living in the towns beginning to manufacture cloth in small quantities. Leinster is fully integrated into Eire. As a member of the UKGA, we recognize Castile's claim on the Aragonian throne. (Inf-turn)
 * Leinster: Celebrations go off as the Isle is united. Leinster, however, remains a vassal state, a member of the Confederation of Eire and Albion, but not of Eire proper, and is granted special status in autonomy from Eire. Roads expand in Leinster, tying it fully with the rest of Eire. (Inf-turn)
 * Chiribaya We expand another 50 km northwest.
 * Netherlands: as the economy contrinues to grow and more and more hands dedicate to the sailor way those willing to partake in expeditions along the coast of afirca and in search of a sea route to the orient. The outpost in OTL Nigeria is fortified and remains a supplying station along the route farther south. naval expansion continues. Karl van Nassau formally recognizes Castile's claims to the Aragonese throne, but claims it will not get involved in a conflict. Banking and trade continue to grow. improvements on the docks and and canals are made. Dutch and wallon culture coninue to florish under the open policies of the ruling elite. The first locally made printing press is made after local artisens copy the designs of imported german ones.
 * Caucasian Confederation: Georgia accepts the Mansuriyyan trade request, and begins sending escorted caravans through the disorganized zone between Mosul and Baghdad. Additionally, the Georgians continue sending emissaries to the Coptic Pope, the head of the Assyrian Church of the East, and the head of the Nestorian Church, seeking to convene an ecumenical conference at the Bolnisi Sioni to reunite the Oriental Christian Churches. ( Mod response needed! )
 * Kingdom of Georgia: The addition of Georgia's hundredth galley to its patrol fleet prompts quiet cheers among the merchants of Batumi, whose commerce is now secure all the way to Cyprus and Alexandria. The growth of links between the backwater Georgians and the thriving Mediterranean trade not only expands the Georgian economy, but brings knowledge as well: having heard of a peculiar medical practice called "quarantine" from their Coptic counterparts, the Georgians ask the Roman Empire to share their knowledge of quarantine.
 * Kingdom of Armenia: The growth of commerce in both Georgia and Assyria spills over into Armenia, the natural "stopping point" of trade between the two Orthodox nations; Yerevan notably prospers due to its political influence, and the Armenian economy grows accordingly.
 * Grand Principality of Assyria: The reopening of the north-south trade between Baghdad and Arbela triggers the expansion of the Assyrian economy. Additionally, Assyrian forces continue securing disorganized area of northern Mesopotamia, adding another 1150 sq km of territory - including the city of Mosul - to Assyrian lands..
 * Principality of Rani: The Ranite government begins purchasing surplus foodstuffs from the local Azeri population, putting hard coinage into the hands of many farmers for the first time. This monetary injection stimulates the Ranite economy, though several Muslim merchants and clerics prominently question the ruling authority's decision to stockpile food supplies - particularly given the ongoing military buildup along the Azeri border.
 * Principality of Amier-Kavkasia: While Rani stockpiles its surplus food, Amier-Kavkasia ships its northward at high speed, providing crucial resources to the rebuilding Jochid Ulus - for a suitably exorbitant price that expands the Kavkasian economy.
 * Ottoman Sultanate: This year, the Sultan focuses on economic improvement instead of war, but the Sultan and the Grand Vizier continue to draft plans to bring the Levant under Ottoman control. As well, many of the Sultan's advisors go to Mecca for the Hajj, and are glad to see that the city of Mecca has not been affected by the recent conflict too much. The Sultan plans to visit Mecca in the next few years, as well as Jerusalem to witness the state of affairs there.
 * Zapotec: Emperor Tlaco expands Danibaan's influence in the surrounding city-states by way of the Zapotec Alliance. Roadways connecting cities in the alliance help merchants and soldiers move more freely between them. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. In the coastal regions under Danibaan's influence, more boats are created. Tlaco orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Daibaan continues expanding into the surrounding city-states north along the gulf coast.
 * Ayutthaya sends several more delegations to Kedah and Padang, influencing them to the point where Ayutthayan advisors help them with their economy and military. Several military and protection pacts are signed with them. With the marriage to the Khmer, we begin to exert significant influence over them, as well, with their new Queen bringing over many Ayutthaya advisors to aid them. The economy continues to boom as trade throughout South Eastern Asia grows exponentially, and our trade pacts with Bengal open up India, with Ayutthaya taking a large part of the Chinese trade with the outside world. Our navies continue to improve, with new sail technology being discovered by trade with the Arabs and the Indians. New laws are passed, granting more power to the kingdoms over their people, but further centralizing the militaries. We send trade and advisors throughout the Arabian world. The Buddhist and Hindu population continues to grow, with a small but growing minority of Muslims also growing in the Southern states. The King founds the Golden Army, a small group of around 2,000 soldiers that form the elite of the Ayutthayan armies. Capitalizing off Padang's poor relations with Sri Vijaya, we use our recent military treaties with Padang as an excuse to pledge to them that in the case of Sri Vijayan aggression, Ayutthayan soldiers will fight alongside the soldiers of Padang to maintain peace in the region.
 * Rumania: Radu, now 28, continues to promote economic growth. Several shipyards and mines are built. Also many mills spring-up across the nation. Class attendance at the Venetian school grows as printed books, bought from abroad, become common in the library. Many mines either re-open or are founded, while foundries begin to recover from the wars. The states of: Kiev, Chernigov, Volhynia and the Azovan Khanate are all sent trade offers, and Alliance offers. (Mod response needed) 
 * The Consulate of Bulgaria: The economy grows substantially, after much of the infrastructure is rebuilt and repaired. Many workshops also appear across northern Bulgaria, built in a similar manner to their counterparts in Rumania. In Varna many ships are built in the dry docks, and trade with many European ports commences.
 * Mughal Empre: We discuss a treaty with the Indian nations and our forces leave the occupied lands
 * South Chagatai Khanate: The Khan's wounds were infected, creating the need of special medical treatment. The Khan is now known as the Eunuch Khan.
 * Disaster strikes the Jochid Ulus as Khan Temür-Hachiun is murdered in his sleep by a Christian. Before uproar can begin, his son seizes power, and murders many Muslim and pagan supporters of his brothers. While one of the twins, his brother Tyushtya, immediatly swears fealty to him, his other brother flees court. However, with most of the immediate damage being defeated in the court at Sarai, Khan Arslan (or Emperor Theodore I, as he presents himself amongst Christian audiences), begins his periods of reforms. The kurultai's powers are severely checkered, becoming little more than a rubber stamp for the Emperor. The local dukes and burghers must hand up much of their lands, although they shall be allowed to retain wide economic influence over these. Islam shall be demoted from official faith, with all mosques to become churches. However, given the large number of Muslims in several areas, they are allowed to continue exercising their faith and building new mosques. These reforms are widely approved by the Christians and the Mastoravans, about two-thirds of the population, as well as another 15% in western Muslims and such. However, the Tatars in the East refuse to accept this, and even refuse to accept Arslan as Khan. Khan Aydar-Arslan continues his reforms, planning to culminate them next year. However, wide dissent begins.
 * Great Perm supports the reforms done by their Jochid overlords, indeed outright helping King Theodore with some of the reforms that need learned Western government procedure. However, this does not stop Permic economic development. The ruble continues to be expanded upon; by the end of the year, many merchants begin to do their nternational business in rubles rather than the banned zolotnik or the ducat. This expands Perm's influence. While content with the annexed territories, the Permians continue to teach Komi to the populations in the Novgorod Republic. Vepsian is also taught to the far west, in Lake Ladoga.
 * Adyghea' s Prince also supports the Jochid reforms, attempting to gain favour in the eyes of King Theodore. Some money is sent to the fatherland, while anti-reform activists within the nation are brutally crushed.
 * the Kazakh Khanate is, as always, deeply divided in support and opposition to the reforms. The Manghits of Almaty, Mastoravic and seeking for a strong hand, support the reforms. However, another branch of the Manghits, those of Bishkek, are still Muslim, and heavily opposes them. War breaks out the earliest in this part of the world, with several warlords fighting each other off.
 * Prince Tulpar of the Jochid Ulus begins organising troops in the easternmost edge of the Tatars. The few remnant Ulus in Kazakhstan, as well as some settled Tatars, join his cause. Hiding out in the great Siberian forests, he plans to strike.
 * Milan: Work continues on the Certosa di Pavia, the Castle Visconteo, and on the extensive Milan Cathedral. We continue training a proper standing army, utilizing Swiss mercenaries and local recruits. With border disputes now settled between the nations of Austria and Switzerland, we continue opening friendly relations with both nations in hopes of repairing our diplomatic relations and protecting our northern border. We continue constructing cogs and galleys to strengthen our navy and protect our interests on the seas. We upgrade infrastructure, as do our vassals. We officially recognize Castile's claims to the throne of Aragon.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire contiues to shift its trade to the western part of the Mediterranean Sea to counter the decline of the Silk Road. Trade revives a small bit because of the return of order in Alexandria and parts of Europe. The Thessalian Cavalry units continue to be trained and deployed across the Empire. With an increase of trade with Western Europe, the Empire decides that spreading its cultural and technological knowledge would benefit Christian civilization. As such, basic scientific texts as well as The Medical Compendium in Seven Books, the most advanced medical textbook in the world. This book is printed and sold in many ports in Europe, hopefully increasing the lives of fellow Christians. The military is expanded.
 * Albania: As the infrastructure of the nation is steadily completed, the military continues to train and establish its presence in the country.
 * Mapuche:  As the harvest continues to be plentiful, people invest more time in other sections of life. Art, dancing, storytelling, music, and craftsmanship all become more widespread as hobbies. The little girl loves drawing, and draws her somewhat well-designed figures all around her village, attracting the attention of her fellow tribespeople. However, at the end of the year, the young men sent into exile last year, backed by primitives from the mountains, attack their former village, kill the elders, and steal many of their supplies. The survivors of this attack are outraged, and many flee to nearby Mapuche settlements to ask for help.
 * Aztec Empire: Emperor Montezuma II [42] begins to grow ambitious. He wants to finish the bulk of the mining in the next ten years. Centralization is continued throughout the empire, as it is now greatly unified, with many Aztec-mix ethnicities. The military is expanded with the surplus of minerals and metals being turned into war machines and military weaponry. Cuachtemoc [32] expands the barracks in Tenochtitlan, allowing more housing for soldiers. Hospitals, schools, wells, canals, roads, bridges, and aqueducts are at large throughout the land as they become more of use supporting the 4.2 million people living within the Aztec Empire. The Zapotec-Aztec alliance has withered away, as the Zapotec have continued to ignore the Aztecs and not support them in trade rights and construction plans. Tezcacoatl [eight] travels with Cuachtemoc to Tenochtitlan, as Icnoyotl [27] stays behind at home in Cihuatlan with the other three children: Toltecatl, the newborn son, Xochitl [two], and Quatzecoatl [four]. Emperor Montezuma II orders for even more refortifications of the stronghold-city in the north, Xilopolco. The emperor would like to declare that the Zapotec Alliance is not an enemy, but they should express more good intentions with their powerful neighbor as the 30-year long alliance has remained strong. The navy is minimally expanded - as well as the fishing ships.
 * Oyo Empire: The Asaaju of Oyo orders an expedition to the far south of Kongo to see what other tribes exist there to trade with. A fleet of four yanyan are assembled with the best sailors of Oyo's navy commissioned for the task. With the development of Oyo's navy to such a point as it is, the Asaaju feels confident in the abilities of his people to take on the responsibility of using the navy's navigational skills and sailing equipment to begin the journey. Using small, swift ships, the fleet within two months have already reached their old trading friends the Xhosa, in whom's land the fleet has stopped to prepare for the next leg of their trip. The Asaaju has stated that the journey will prove the ability of his nation to develop as a friend of the Europeans, whom the Oyo seek to emulate thanks to the purging of anti-progressive reactionaries in the old government. With the development of the navy underway, the military is expanded along with an equally imposing economy and infrastructure needed to support it. The Yoruba have completed routed any and all major tribes in the region, with the plague having mostly killed off any of the vigerous warriors that withstood Oyo dominance in the region. The University of Oyo-Ile has recieved a talented young boy by the name of Akanni Numa, educated in Europe with the economic support of his merchant father trading in the region on behalf of the old Alaafins of Oyo. Numa has many ideas that he has sought to pitch to the university, and has been accepted at the tender age of eleven granted his academic skills at such a young age. He is sent to work at a workshop in the capital, where his abilities are hoped by his mentors to be sharpened.
 * Aragon expands its navy, economy and infrastructure. The Aragonese Renacimento continues with art taking new forms with young artists, sponsored by nobles, experimenting with new styles. They are also influenced by ancient Greco-Roman history. King Charles begins to suffer the symptoms of old age after several decades of life. However, Aragonese economic influence over the Mediterranean trade increases, and Aragon continues to fund voyages to Africa. Aragon also gets involved in northern European trade networks. Everyone calm down. There shall be no problem between Castile and Aragon. Aragon's king had a bunch of daughters who married the heir of Castile or something so basically the king of Castile will be the King of Aragon once the current monarch dies, which will be in roughly three to five years as per OTL.
 * Kingdom of Italy: King Charles I continues the reforms of his father, and improves the economy and the military. Continues the construction and improvement of shipyards and production of new boats to combat in the Mediterranean. Territorial defense continues being built based on border forts. Relations with the Byzantine Empire continue strong. The Naval Academy in Taranto continues the technological research with Venice. The King continue to give new impetus to the culture within the kingdom and its vassal states, in art, science, etc. The reconstruction of the southern part of Italy finishes and the ports and cities are restored.
 * Kingdom of Sicily: The army continue the process of assimilation of Italian tactics that spread through the Mediterranean, promoting the use of early firearms. The economy of the island is mostly cereal crops. Thanks to Italian support the exploitation of olives and wine grapes continues.
 * Grand Duchy of Tuscany: Improves the economy and the military. The economic prosperity of the previous years is accented with commercial junction providing by Italy and Genoa, and the city of Florence is the commercial nexus among all the Italian states. Frederick I helps promote economic prosperity, gives incentives to help manufacturing output grow, and improve access roads to make the trade more fluid and profitable. The army is formed to the image of the Italian army, with gradual use of new firearms that become quite popular. Frederick I became a great patron and the Tuscan nobles follow this particular policy. The artists, protected and maintained by the nobles and bourgeois rising, unleash their creativity.
 * Duchy of Genoa: Improves the economy and the military. The Duchy of Genoa continues trading from the Black Sea to the Straits of Gibraltar, using new models of ships with cargo holds of more spacious and allow greater profit. With the help of Italian military fleet, try to force richest commercial rights in Tunisian ports. In Genoa the boom in production of luxury items continue. The pressure of the Genoese traders in Tunis is growing, and combined with the presence of Christian missionaries, who at the same time serve commercial spies; is accomplished the capture of a lot of exotic products that are not easy to get due to the conflicts and trade barriers in the Near East, and the axis between Tunis and Genoa is strengthened. The Genoese economy restarts its golden age.
 * Duchy of Ferrara: Improves the economy and the military. The paper industry is forging ahead, and also the making of looms, making this duchy in one of the most productive in northern Italy. Duke Niccolo I continue the loyal service to Italy.
 * Duchy of Corsica: Improves the economy and the military. The exploitation of salt mines and silver continues. In the same way, the vine crops increase in extension and quality, and the manufacture of wine each year improves in quality and quantity, and is recognized as the best European wine. On the island of Corsica a boom of mercenaries continues. The Italian army started recruiting many Corsicans, making them a legend in terms of ferocity and skill in the skirmishes and battles.
 * Marquisate of Modena: Improves the economy and the military. Niccolo is dedicated to art and culture, encouraging painters, sculptors and architects that embellish this little Marquisate, leading Italian opulence to a new level. Marquis Niccolo I continues the loyal service to Italy.
 * Principality of Zeta: Improves the economy and the military. Dairy cattle production increases, and in the same way the manufacture of better quality cheese, they continue to be exported to Italy, Hungary and Byzantium. The Prince Giovanni I continues the cultural boom.
 * Vatican City: Pope Benedict XV continue the campaign of evangelization in the lands of the Balkans. Missionaries continue to working in North Africa, especially in Tunisia, where they try to recover the core of Christians. The Pope like his predecessor condemns all those who come to the false churches that are being created in Europe. The Pope in his speeches also continues condemning the current lack of security of pilgrims traveling to the Holy Land, which the Christian nations have a priority to recover these places and they are missing to the will of God. The nephew of Pope Callistus III, Rodrigo Borgia continue his ascent in the Roman curia.
 * Order of the Knights of Malta: The Grand Master of the Order Piero Raimondo Camelot, uses his fleet of ten ships to patrol the central Mediterranean, also helping needy Christians. Military elements are improved, and the economy is maintained by the Italian and Sicilian support.
 * County of Provence: The reform of the administration continues, adapting the Italian model which has had so much success. Improves economy through trade and manufacturing cloth. The military camp is also improved, adding new equipment and Italian military ideas.
 * Duchy of Anjou: As in Provence, the Duchy transformation is performed. The economy and military improve. Help is sent to rebuild southern Italy.
 * Alencon: The economy and military improve.
 * Narbonne: The economy and military improve.
 * Vendome: The economy and military improve.

1463
'''The region of Khiva is conquered by the Safavids from the rival Uzbeks. The Uzbeks are decisively defeated and forced to retreat east back into the Khanate of Bukhara.'''

The Aztecs suffer minor raids from semi-organized tribesman in the northern frontiers sparking issues between the government needing to settle the northern frontier and a large amount of people refusing to settle that area due to raids now.

'''SwankyJ can take a hint. SwankyJ (talk) 00:37, April 5, 2014 (UTC)'''

'Realistically, since the mods are'' concerned with plausibility, the Aztecs were the bosses of the region, and only those large powers willing to fight, and not petty raiders, would pose a threat to Aztec power. So I don't really see why the Aztec people would fear some thugs from the desert when they had the Aztec warmachine to protect them. God-modding methinks. ~Viva'''

'''Having a war machine doesn't always mean you're safe. Look at Rome, their military failed them at multiple points in history. There is no reason to call God-modding. Besides which, the raids are minor and will come to an end eventually.[http://althistory.wikia.com/wiki/User:Andr3w777 ALLONS-Y! ] (Basically, RUN!)'''

'''They don't fear them. It's just thugs that I see ... 19:06, April 5, 2014 (UTC)'''

'''The Sultanate of Kano is established in Kano, Nigeria. Many in the north of the region convert to Islam as urged by the Sultan.'''

Corpus Hermeticum is translated into Latin.

Following disputes among Tibetan nobles in regards to foreign affairs in the Shan States and India, Tibet vows to become more isolationist, hoping to stay neutral in future wars.


 * Aztec Empire: Emperor Montezuma II [43] begins to grow ambitious. He wants to finish the bulk of the mining in the next ten years. Centralization is continued throughout the empire, as it is now greatly unified, with many Aztec-mix ethnicities. The military is expanded with the surplus of minerals and metals being turned into war machines and military weaponry. Cuachtemoc [33] expands the barracks in Tenochtitlan, allowing more housing for soldiers. Hospitals, schools, wells, canals, roads, bridges, and aqueducts are at large throughout the land as they become more of use supporting the 4.3 million people living within the Aztec Empire. The Zapotec-Aztec alliance has withered away, as the Zapotec have continued to ignore the Aztecs and not support them in trade rights and construction plans. Tezcacoatl [nine] travels with Cuachtemoc to Tenochtitlan, as Icnoyotl [28] stays behind at home in Cihuatlan with the other three children: Toltecatl [two], Xochitl [three], and Quatzecoatl [five]. Emperor Montezuma II orders for even more refortifications of the stronghold-city in the north, Xilopolco. The emperor would like to declare that the Zapotec Alliance is not an enemy, but they should express more good intentions with their powerful neighbor as the 30-year long alliance has remained strong. The navy is minimally expanded - as well as the fishing ships. With the raids to the north, some military forces are moved to spread along the northern border, from Xilopolco. The Emperor states any military leader trying to move north in expansion will be made a traitor of the empire. Many military leaders disregard this. Although, once Cuachtemoc supports the emperor's decision, they begin to comply.
 * Hamburg-Mecklenburg: The economy continues to recover from the war. Finally, a new expedition down the African coast is sent. Direct contact with the Oyo is made, and a new outpost is established and called Neue Lüneburg (OTL Monrovia, Liberia). Ruppin is petitioned for resources in exchange for fealty. Hamburg will not field a candidate for the 1463 Chancellory elections.
 * Madgeburg: Military expanded.
 * Scandinavian Empire: Scandinavia celebrates its one-year anniversary since its founding. The military is expanded by reforms brought on by the consolidation of the UNC. Scandinavia reaffirms all non-aggression pacts and alliances. Scandinavia expands by 3500 sq km eastwards along its northern coast. The Hungarian offers are graciously accepted.
 * Venetian Diplomacy: the Doge asks if Venice and the Scandinavian Empire may form a close bond to protect both of their future interests. He sends a large group of envoys to Scandinavia with the intent to sign a Veneto-Scandinavian Pact that will include measures of co-operation on military, economic and political issues. (effectively an alliance, trade deal and such, except I do want to discuss a detail pact with you and have both of us sign it)
 * France: Military and economy are built up. While this, the Navy expands. Brittany officially enters the French influence sphere. In Armagnac a few officers loyal to France give up on rebels siding with the recently known Foix threat. The ambassador of Foix is captured and the alleged secret agent is decapitated. A blockade continues to be exerted at Foix. Aragon (my bad) and Castile are asked to follow the same actions. The ambassador is revealed to be still alive although being held prisoner by the French. While this, Foix is warned that any further meddling in Armagnac will result in a war. While this, several soldiers capture raiders from Foix executing them in public and several French citizens initiating their own raidings in the border with Foix. We continue the vassalization of Basel and Switzerland (if Daese remains AFK LOL)
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up, economy expands.
 * Brittany: Military and navy are built up, economy expands.
 * Berry: Military and economy are built up.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up.
 * Armagnac: Military and economy are built up.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy are built up.
 * Cahokia: Rektaw finishes his impressive designs for the new palace and consults his chief engineer. Impressed with his work, the chief engineer promises to hurry the WWMP so he can start on the new palace whose deadline has been moved up two years (1468). What makes Rektaw's design unique is his incorporation of iron into supporting the large structure, making it easier to build the large structure. MSC has been producing many well qualified medicine men, approaching the 1000 mark. These medicine men tend to be migrating primarily to Parkin, drawn to the more unique physical trauma cases associated with military exercises and excursions. Monchacho and his associates agree that the next medical school will be built in Parkin near the Nac training grounds. The Ministry of the Treasury and the Ministry of the Interior joined together to complete the census and count approximately 1.1 million Cahokians, including all citizens and warriors in all vassal states as well. About 25,000 of these make up the entirety of the military, Nac and Regulars alike. Of that are approximately 5000 Nac, and of that 5000 are 100 Nac Riders. They also count about 80 fishing vessels in OTL Lake Michigan and 40 in the OTL Gulf of Mexico. Farming expands.
 * ​West Moundville (Vassal of Cahokia):  Trade with the Aztec people continues is consistent. Now effectively established as trading partners,  we request cocoa beans in exchange for Nac Scout Armor . WM expands its growing fishing industry, accounting for 20 of the 40 Cahokian fishing vessels in the Gulf. Nac scouting missions report significant resistance located 200-300 km to the west: a tribe of ancestors of OTL Comanche (I'll just refer to them as Comanche), specifically due to their supposedly "un-sacred" use of the bison they were riding.
 * East Moundville (Vassal of Cahokia) : Nac scouts report little resistance and few people with any organization. Most of the Cahokians that used to occupy this area have since migrated inland to EM in the past years. EM requests 5000 regulars to be staged on the eastern border for future expansion.  The mouth of the Mississippi grows as EM - WM trading center as OTL New Orleans begins to form. EM leadership puts forward a motion to map (in minute detail) the entirety of the coastline for EM. They consider asking WM for permission to do the same.
 * Etowah (Vassal of Cahokia):  Progress continues on the construction of Appawa (slated for completion in 1475 with the new additions).  Timber remains to be Etowah's main economic output. This is a degree of  skepticism based on the reality of the canal system. Some point out that directing enough water into the proposed canals would be quite difficult and expensive. None the less, the Etowans push on. the Etowan elite send a request for more citizens to migrate to Etowah to become a part of the growing work force.
 * Parkin (Vassal of Cahokia) : Upon hearing news of the new hostile tribesmen, the Comanche, the entirety of the Cahokian military is anxious for the opportunity to show the Aztec the true warrior spirit the Cahokian people have. Shifting assets to WM and EM have been postponed as the majority of military attention is on the Comanche. Cahokian military elements reinforce Parkin's west border.
 * Sanafah continues the planned and systematic growth of the emirate. Infrastructure improvements remain a favorite of the Council, who continue vassalization. Meanwhile, the Chieftain of Sakalava works in both states to promote culturally re-integration. The Emir works with his extensive system of alliances in the Swahili region, improving relations. Trade also picks up. Dina Morgabin finishes its expansion and the Council authorizes the creation of Dina Arobi. The states in Dynastic Union (Betsileo and Comoros) all also improve theirselves by expanding slowly. Population increases as a result of increase of standard of living. All Sanafahi states grow their militaries.
 * Portugal: Continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Leiname. By this time, the colony in Leiname starts to export wheat to Portugal. Meanwhile, some Portuguese explorers start to follow the Castilian example and start to explore the African coast. São Miguel and Santa Maria continue to be settled. Meanwhile, Pedro II dies, and the throne passes to his eldest son, Pedro, Grandmaster of the Order of Avis, who becomes King of Portugal and Algarves as Pedro III.
 * County of Oldenburg: Albion is yet again asked for closer trading ties. Whaling etc. continues between Greenland and Neu Baltrum, meaning that Dietrichdorf and Neu Baltrum continue to grow in importance. Count Frederick begins talks with his council about potentially asking to purchase Dietrichdorf outright from the UNC.
 * Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: With the Church now in possession of the vast majority of the arable and forest land in the Bishopric, Klemens begins altering the way things are run. Lands formerly devoted to growing food for the lords is now given to the serfs to work for themselves. They must pay a tithe to the Church, but all other crops they produce can be kept and sold. This results in an increase in popular support for the theocracy, but a lessening in support among the nobles and rich-folk.
 * Majapahit: Military is further expanded. Karsagathida hears from Chinese traders of the rich lands of "Africa" with rivers made from gold and people black as the night sky. His best scientists begin researching oceanworthy sea vessels. We ask China for an insight in their designs for their so called "treasure fleets". 
 * The Koryak Confederacy: Revitalizes its economy, constructing more merchant ships. Larger ocean-going ships are constructed on the model of those used by Zheng He. Due to the immense dimensions of these ships, only three are constructed. Called "Fuchuan ships" after the area in which the design was observed, these ships are 220 feet long and 83 feet wide. Although the first founders and sinks in harbour, the other two prove highly efficient and fast-sailing and greatly enrich their backers. Before the end of the year four more are under construction. The navy looks on with interest.
 * ​Chukchis: The Chukchis bring their military forces up to 8000 men.
 *  ​ East Yakuts: The East Yakuts expand the economy, constructing ships to mine mammoth tusks from the Walrus (OTL New Siberian) Islands.
 * Free City of Ustokut: The population continues to grow, reachign 150,000. Some of the inhabitants begin farming outside the city, expanding the economy.
 * Dai Viet: We begin building up a defense force. We wish to trade with China, and Bengal. The year has a good harvest and the nation experiences a slight population growth. We work on building better trade ships. We begin to place influence on Champa.
 * Safavid Persian Empire: We begin to negotiate with the Uzbeks for a peace treaty (Mod Response needed). We also begin to reopen trade to our neighboors to the east and west. We continue to work on the infrastructure of the nation. A university is opened in Tabriz, as Junyad sees education as a prime component in preserving Persian and Shia Ideals.
 * Ashikaga Shogunate: Rural unrest and violence in the Date Province continues to spread in reaction to the introduction of tithes, particularly among the peasantry. The Shogun mobilises a small group of 70 troops in the area to enforce tithe collection and quash any dissent and a new decree is announced whereby any peasant in the Shogunate found to be destroying property belonging to a feudal lord or the government will be executed. On an unrelated note, a small Shinto sect appears in the North East of the Date Province, near Mount Iwate, worshipping the Emperor as a semi-divine being.
 * Zapotec: Emperor Tlaco dies this year. He is replaced by his son, Tlaco II. Tlaco II expands Danibaan's influence in the surrounding city-states by way of the Zapotec Alliance. Roadways connecting cities in the alliance help merchants and soldiers move more freely between them. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. In the coastal regions under Danibaan's influence, more boats are created. Tlaco orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Daibaan continues expanding into the surrounding city-states north along the gulf coast. Trade with the Aztecs commences after years of stagnation under Tlaco I.
 * Alexandria: Trade continues to increase as the ports are reestablished and more people are converted to Christianity. Dignitaries remain west of the Nile organizing the Christians there both politically and religiously in hopes to create a Christian state in the area or join them with Alexandria. Alexandria's claim remains on this region. Other dignitaries remain in the Jerusalem/Judea region and in the Ethiopia region as well to gather similar reports and attempt to organize Christians there. Trade efficiency and strategies continue to be looked at in order to garner a higher profit (Economics turn). The Coptic Church forms the Diocese of Aiguptia (Western Nile Region) to assist in organizing the Christians there both politically and religiously. Merchants are sent to Ethiopia and the Nubia region.Establish's St. Mark's a Vatican type area for the Coptic leadership at St. Mark's Cathedral and the surrounding block. All diplomacy, governance, law, and commerce of the region is still held by Alexandria.
 * Do remember you have a load of True Faith Christians in your nation and an Order of Saint Mark
 * Prussia: Prussia officially annexes the semi-independent region of Estonia, which had become a part of Prussia in all but name. The Prussians also annex the Kingdom of Masovia. King Karl I has his heir Prince Karl marry the Masovian Princess Julia. The Prussians continue to convert to the Western Church. The Prussians continue to build their army.
 * Pomerania: The Pomeranians continue building their economy and continue building a new national army. The Pomeranians also continue converting to the Western Church.
 * Courland: The Curonians also begin developing their economy and military. The Curonians also begin converting to the Western Church.
 * Caucasian Confederation: Georgia, Armenia, Assyria, Rani, and Amier-Kavkasia all expand their militaries. We continue sending delegations to the Assyrian, Nestorian, and Coptic Churches to convene an ecumenical conference on the reunion f the Oriental Christian Churches. ( Mod response needed! )
 * The Kingdom of England (member state of the Kingdoms of Greater Albion): English military and navy are expanded with many new war cogs being added to the English fleets. The North Sea trade is almost completely dominated by the North Sea Trading Alliance (Holland and Albion, mostly). Nordic and English culture continues to blend, with stories of the mythical Norse gods becoming popular reading among the wealthy segments of the population. Scotland continues to integrate the government fully with that of England and of Albion in full. Work with the Celts continue in Scotland and Ireland working to bring the two cultures closer together. Albion sends more explorers to Africa, particularly in the OTL regions of Sierra Leone and the Ivory Coast. Edmund Trading Port in OTL Sierra Leone continues to see expansive trade and is renamed Edmundburgh. The Palaces in London that were damaged by the great fire are finally, after several decades, almost complete in repairs. The Albionic and English Navies are continuously and massively expanded in an effort to retain control over the waters of the North. New and larger, more powerful ships are built as well as the Albionic equivalent to the Norse Karak, but with more guns and a slightly larger masthead. English explorers begin to map the coast of Africa for the King, making it down the coast near OTL Gabon. James Severus' famous book, The Eddies of Great Albion: Poetry from the Past becomes a popular read across the Isles and is shipped abroad with trade merchants, spreading Anglo-Celt culture far and wide. The Albionic Navy continues growth with a number of impressive ships constructed. In Albion, the first books are printed in English, inspiring a nationalistic attitude among the population. several books including The Eddies of Great Albion are translated into English, as well as Gaelic. The Aeneid becomes the first of a string of classical literature printed in the Isles and is distributed throughout. Books written by Roman tacticians from the old Province of Britannia are sent to Eire. An offer of increased trade and an alliance are sent to the County of Oldenburg
 * Dublin: After the years of upgrading, Dublin becomes a shining jewel in the Eire. Dublin founds the Bank of Eire as an offshoot of the Bank of England. The Bank of England sees modernization. The Albionic and English Navies are continuously and massively expanded in an effort to retain control over the waters of the North. The Eddies of Great Albion: Poetry from the Past becomes a popular read in Dublin, one of the most important trading ports in Eire.
 * Wales: The Welsh military and navy are expanded. The Welsh begin to see the fruits of all the English banking investments as large areas of the nation see improvements in infrastructure. Representation in the Albion Parliament increases as a minor population boom in and around Cardiff begins. The Albionic and English Navies are continuously and massively expanded in an effort to retain control over the waters of the North.
 * Ayutthaya continues to sign new treaties with Kedah and Padang. The most recent treaty with Kedah effectively incorporates it into the Kingdoms of Ayutthaya; Padang, meanwhile, is promised support against their enemies, Sri Vijaya. (It's been 5 turns, after all). The Kingdoms continue to centralize the army, and are in return granted increasing autonomy from the king in Ayutthaya. The population passes the 8 million mark, it is estimated, and a census in Ayutthaya (the city) itself finds a population verging on 250,000, making it one of the largest on Earth (That's pretty close to OTL figure, BTW), while the advisors to the Khmer continue to aid them and suchlike, impressing the Khmer with their efficient processes. The infrastruture is improved. The economy continues to grow as the government negotiates new treaties to enforce trade routes around Aceh, giving them gold and suchlike in exchange for free passage. As a result of the treaty with Bengal, Ayutthayan ships spread throughout the Indian Ocean, making contact as far as Sanafah. Metal Movable Type continues to spread (I had a large argument on chat on this; here's the low down; the Chinese developed metal movable type approx 300 years ago, and since then it has spread to SE Asia. Feud has agreed on that), with several new, gigantic printing presses being made in several of the cities, allowing for large scale printing and books spread across the area. This impresses several of the nearby nations, especially the Khmer and Aceh. The Golden Army mobilizes to the Kedah-Sri Vijaya border, followed by large parts of the armies.
 * Padang: With the treaty with Ayutthaya, making Padang a lesser kingdom to the aforementioned nation, the king of Padang makes a speech, foreseeing a bright, prosperous future, with peace over the entire region. The military and economy are expanded. Relations with Sri Vijaya continue to plummet.
 * Mughal Empire: Babur's envoys negotiate about peace with the Indian states. Babur, hoping to reunite the Timurid dynasty, asks for the adoption of the young Mirza, son of Aryan, grandson of Draka, greatgrandson of Amyan the Horrible (He was the one who crushed Vijaynagar) and greatgreatgrandson of Timur.
 * Chagatai Khanate: The eunuch Khan stays in Kabul to discuss the effects of the proposed treaty. His deputy in the Khanate works on the trade routes towards China,
 * Chiribaya We expand another 50 km northwest.
 * Mansuriyya Caliphate: Trade continues to flourish, and road systems are built up. Baghdad continues to grow, although renovation has slow downed since the original enthusiasm. Caliph Fatih's reign and the nation continues to prosper, and all Black Riders are recalled to Baghdad since there is almost no resistance to Fatih's rule anymore. Meanwhile, Fatih in an unprecedented act of tolerance declares Baghdad open to everyone, even those that are not People of the Book. Many non-Muslims flock to Baghdad and some even convert to Islam themselves, turned by the multitude of mosques that dot the Baghdad cityscape. The Black Riders find themselves swelling with young men who wish to find adventure and danger, and many young men are lured into the ground army of the Caliphate as well. The Caliphate expands north to try and link up with the Ottomans, which they believe will improve trade and cultural exchange. Fatih also releases his own commentary on the Holy Quran, titled الطريق من الجهاد, or Path of Jihad. It includes his own interpretations of the words of Allah, as well as subtle changes to the text. It becomes wildly popular among the people, even the poor, who are slowly becoming literate through various programs and free schools. Population growth shoots up to 4.3 percent.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire contiues to shift its trade to the western part of the Mediterranean Sea to counter the decline of the Silk Road. Trade revives a small bit because of the return of order in Alexandria and parts of Europe. The Thessalian Cavalry units continue to be trained and deployed across the Empire. Matchlock guns continue to be produces. With an increase of trade with Western Europe, the Empire decides that spreading its cultural and technological knowledge would benefit Christian civilization. As such, basic scientific texts as well as The Medical Compendium in Seven Books, the most advanced medical textbook in the world, continue to be printed and sold in many ports in Europe, hopefully increasing the lives of fellow Christians. To augment the Empire's navy, the Empire asks Venice if it may purchase a few Carros to further round out the ships the Empire has.
 * Albania: As the infrastructure of the nation is steadily completed, the military continues to train and establish its presence in the country.
 * Venetian Diplomacy: The Doge has a Carro produced and sends it along with three Venetian Masters to teach Roman shipbuilders the secret of the ship. In return he requests a hundred copies of The Medical Compendium in Seven Books interested in the application such advanced medicine could have in helping the population grow.
 * Venetian Republic:
 *  Books on various topics spread from Venice throughout Europe, continuing the Renaissance. Printed in the Venetian language, they teach of the sciences and humanities and revive learning, spreading knowledge (as well as the language) far and wide. .
 *  With the increased supply of Ducats, the fluidity of European trade increases with Ducat using nations benefiting most. 
 *  Many people sentenced to death are drowned in the canals as is the Venetian tradition. The tradition is becoming the primary way to execute criminals and is spreading to the Venetian territories across Europe. 
 *  Fine wool and silk clothing from Titani is exported across the Mediterranean and Black Sea and begins to set the trend in Renaissance clothing. 
 *  Venetian trade reaches across the known world. Merchant ships carry salt, silks, glass and a collection of other goods, both common and rare. Venetian traders are the largest carriers of trade in Europe, with the thousands of ships and a trading tradition continuing to fuel this. 
 *  The Roscol Bank uses local subsidiaries all across Europe to fund trade, with a leaning toward funding trade with Venice. They also fund enterprises across the continent, boosting the economies of the nations which they inhabit. The Roscol Bank invests conservatively. While this doesn't bring in as much wealth as other nations' banking, such as the Dutch, it results in a much more robust level of equity. 
 *  Due to the stability of business and protection afforded to private enterprise in Venice, many merchants set up shop in the city despite being foreign, utilising the Venetian law to protect their businesses. Criminals and a less divided merchant class mean prosperity for all those involved with Venetian business in some way. 
 * In Veneto the Roscol Collegantia hires a small force of 100 men to harass people working for the Masaro Collegantia in the docks area, hoping to discourage traders from working with the Masaro Collegantia. Meanwhile traders also align more with the Roscol Collegantia in harassing and blocking Masaro trade. The arsenal of Venice is being modernised, it will take two more years to complete. The Doge decides to support Venetian culture further. He funds conversions to Venetian culture across the Republic and Empire. The Order of Saint Mark continues to grow in size and influence, numbering now 45,000 members and still growing. The beliefs of faith are popular amongst commoners - especially those who feel the church does not practice the faith properly. Alexandria is slowly becoming more and more of a hub of the True Faith as commoners convert to the belief en masse. Seeing Eleanor returned to the throne, Christofo is disappointed with not having fought and heads back south.
 * Eco-turn
 * Epirote Republic:
 * In Epirus the economy grows with a richer lower class, as the drought makes peasants more highly valued due to less of them being around. Towns and cities grow in size too, in comparison to the rural population. The first Sigilar Collegantia of Epirus forms, called the Pascua Montagna Collegantia, focused on mining.
 * Eco-turn
 * Venetian Empire:
 * In the Province of Aegina: With shipping going as normal, the towers rise four feet, leaving five feet to go. Mil-turn
 * In the Free Port of Athens: The merchants, seeing the fall of the Mamluks causing serious issues to the trade east, decide to look for another way east. They continue trade with the new divided states and make a great amount of profit from the city-state of Alexandria. Eco-turn
 * In the Province of Candia: The Conte purchases five more 300-oar ships, and enjoys taking rides in them. Some claim he plans to create a massive 600-oar ship. Many feel he has gone mad although the shipbuilding and timber business is booming. Eco-turn
 * In the Corfiot Protectorate: The population has fully recovered from the drought of a few years past. The Red Army of Corfu numbers 2250 men, with 250 being recruited this year. Meanwhile, the Red Forest grows more and the Artisan Quarter is almost full. Mil-turn
 * In the Province of Kaffa: The Common Army of Kaffa finishes recruiting, it now numbers 1000 men, about 40% are Tatar and about 5% are Ruthenian making the Army quite diverse. Support for Conte Simon is almost untenable, he is largely considered one of the greats come again. Mil-turn
 * In the Naxian Protectorate the Governor General reaches the height of his popularity, becoming a key figure in criticism of the Doge's policy. He takes a particular fervour in ensuring no True Faith believers are allowed inside the Protectorate and hangs them for heretics. He also ensures that the Order of Saint Mark does not establish a presence, in an attempt to create controlled religious fervour to counter it, he creates the Order of Naxos, dedicated to the Orthodox faith, known almost exclusively as the Cavalier Naxos by outsiders due to their clear militaristic intentions. Mil-turn
 * In the Province of Negroponte riches flow into the province as the Negroponteans begin supplying a large amount of weapons and armour to the various armies of the Venetian Empire and beyond. Further domestic products like plates and sculptures bring in revenue from the richer cities of the Mediterranean. Eco-turn
 * In the Free Port of Ragusa the Black Government takes steps to support the Masaro Collegantia as they have started to supply them with great amounts of needed food goods in the recent years. They enact ways to ensure that Roscol attempts to harass Masaro supporters do not spread to Ragusa by putting laws in place providing strong protection to merchants and making death a punishment for doing so. Eco-turn
 * Rumania: Radu, now 29, continues to promote economic growth. Several shipyards and mines are built. Also many mills spring-up across the nation. Class attendance at the Venetian school grows as printed books, bought from abroad, become common in the library. Many ships are constructed in the shipyards, and hundreds of small workshops are appear in trade towns across Rumania. Trade flourishes with the Ukraine, as well as with Georgia and Hungary. Most of the salt mined is shipped to Venice and the Romans. Iron production also increases.
 * The Consulate of Bulgaria: The economy grows substantially, after much of the infrastructure is rebuilt and repaired. Many workshops also appear across northern Bulgaria, built in a similar manner to their counterparts in Rumania. In Varna many ships are built in the dry-docks, and trade with many European ports commences.
 * Venetian Diplomacy: Eager to assist their friends in the Golden Sea, especially due to their great trade connections, the Doge sends five Venetian Masters skilled in Politics, Ethics and Economics to join the Venetian School. Further he sends five printing presses of Venetian design with the masters, for use by the Venetian School.
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Landshut expands its military. The population continues to rise. Grand Duchess Jacqueline and her council continue to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with twenty-five very large cogs being finished, and by 1463 a trade route is put in place. Such important places in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany, due to a longstanding trade deal. Continuing in 1463, Eleanor commisions six cogs to sail around western Mediterranean coasts. The planned market center in Landshut continues to attract regional traders. In religious news, the country begins converting to the Western Netherlander church. By the end of this year, around 75% of the country adheres to the Western Church. Most adherents live around Munchen and Landshut. In other news, Bavaria continues implementing the Alliance and Merchant Act as well as the Militia and Navy Act. Eleanor continues efforts to implement Sedevacantist policies in the government, being much more religious than her father. Furthermore, Eleanor gives the Roscol Bank access to Landshut, as well as Munchen and Straubing, to do trading, pleasing the Merchant class as the economy begins to recover. The Venetian merchants take an interest in government bonds. Eleanor begins her restored reign by imprisoning several court nobles who supported Jacqueline and revokes their titles. Jacqueline herself remains imprisoned. Beginning in February, Eleanor begins expanding her powers by pushing forward a law which bans conflicts/feuds between nobles and restricts the total amount of titles and lands a noble can hold. Several middle class merchants and patricians love the law, while a small amount of nobles are outraged by it. Most of the noble class, while discomforted, are not particularly bothered by the law, hoping they can convince Eleanor out of pursuing the law. The year ends with a few new laws being passed, mostly establishing permanent merchant houses in Landshut and Munchen. In other news, Eleanor and Robert have a son this year, whom they name Franz-Albert.
 * Munchen: By 1463, the total class of Queen Isabell University amounts to about 2800 men. Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. In recent news, unemployment begins to plateau after Eleanor's restoration.
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. A statue dedicated to Eleanor is built and displayed in the central square of Ingolstadt.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Wurzburg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Mapuche:  The population continues to grow.  However, the raiders attack several other villages, prompting outrage among their inhabitants.  Those villages affected decide to form a defense force of their strongest warriors to defend their homes and eventually permanently eliminate the threat.  To complement this, more people spend more time creating and improving copper weapons and armor, improving the military technology of the Mapuche.  Even the unaffected villages send people or supplies to help those in danger, which are largely the more Western villages.  Meanwhile, the girl's father, a copperworker, asks for help in keeping track of who wants how many spears; she uses her designs in the soil to represent who wants them and how many are wanted.  Additionally, the tribe begins to trade its surplus food, copper and art to other smaller groups and nomads, gaining access to a wider variety of resources.
 * Netherlands: As the economy continues to grow more and more hands dedicated to the sailor way those willing to partake in expeditions along the coast of Africa and in search of a sea route to the orient. The outpost in OTL Nigeria is fortified and remains a supplying station along the route farther south. Naval expansion continues. Karl van Nassau formally recognizes Castile's claims to the Aragonese throne, but claims it will not get involved in a conflict. Banking and trade continue to grow. improvements on the docks and and canals are made. Dutch and Wallon culture continue to flourish under the open policies of the ruling elite. The first locally made printing press is made after local artisans copy the designs of imported German ones. Dutch explorers travel farther south along the Kongo coast.
 * Hungary and all its vassals and puppet states expand militarily and economically. Poland expands its armed forces, too, increasing the strength of its troops by focusing on the training of more knights to fight for the nation. Sigismund begins to bring order to all parts of his realm. Resources for the construction of the ports are allocated too, and the construction continues.
 * Castile: The Castilian economy continues a larger process of pulling in more money through trade. The infrastructure of Castile is also expanded more. Castile, in order to facilitate more conversions to Christianity, imposes higher taxes on non-Christians in the areas it controls personally or by proxy through its vassals. Castile has successfully mapped large parts of the African coast south of Morocco and down as far as their trade posts in the Kongo these are kept secret.  The Castilian nobility begins to adapt toward a newer system to revamp or work on their power as they move toward becoming advisors to the king and less involved in their feudal estates which while growing have developed Guilds to facilitate payments for the efforts of the men working, The expert workmanship of many of these men has seen notable increase in productivity for each feudal state with most lords not complaining. The Kingdom's cities begin to be improved with better sanitation and the King hires architects to plan out a sewer system, as well as a true plan for multiple major cities. Castile begins a major process of researching the matchlocks acquired from the Netherlands  acquired and develops its own version which is used to replace the older weapons. which is finally finished. The construction of a new kind of warship with cannons is completed - a heavy warship much more powerful than most other ships of the time. The King notices the heavily increased productivity and income flow due to his hands off policy and non-interference and begins to allow artists, minstrels and other artistic and scientific minds to become more prevalent in Castile, many believe the Castilian Renaissance is imminent. Castile, due to its naval range, high income, extensive and dominant trade network, becomes one of the largest and most dynamic trade empires of the Atlantic and Western Mediterranean. The Castilian navy with its new heavy warships and some new updated designs for older ships organizes a heavy royal fleet phasing out past organizations. The Royal army of Castile has now almost wholly replaced the previous feudalistic military forces and has a size of nearly 50,000 and growing thanks in part to the good funding being provided by the king. In order to make up for lost power the King as behest of his new wife, and several of his friends who are nobles create a king's advisory council which officially has the power of the king in many matters if authorized. The men are also given station to criticize the king's actions to keep him from going crazy with power. The Knights Hospitaller are moved more into Castile with their professional fighting strength and religious zeal used to patrol the borders of Castile's Gibraltar province. The Knights are also given the authority to police the majority Christian Tangiers now, and effectively prevent many Muslims from coming over the border to wreak havoc. Castile's navy, now heavily funded and expanded greatly, reaches a large number of combat and tradeworthy ships and with its trade from Oyo, and various supply bases establishes military and trade dominance over the West African areas as well as its locality in the Mediterranean. The Castilian trade dominance in West Africa remains unbudged as Castile directly owns and has the majority of the gold and ivory trades coming out of West and North Africa. Castile's population reaches around 6.3 million and growing. (I have been focusing heavily on growth of population and have not been involved in nearly the number of destructive wars as OTL Castile has been). The Castilian Renaissance reaches its full swing with art and scientific advancement being allowed by the State as many of the religious fanatics and dissidents are fighting in Morocco, along with this, the highly respected middle and artisan classes are able to afford a much better living with various artists painting great works and with one even gaining an audience with the royal family for a painting. The Castilian navy reaches a large force of nearly 550 ships using the huge funding from Castile's conquests, trading, and other situation to fund this navy. The technology of the Castilian navy is improved heavily as the king begins to focus more on the quality of his ships rather than the quantity which results in better quality ships (like an early carrack and my previously developed pre-galleon). The exploration continues just below the Kongo as the Castilian exploration parties manage to gather supplies from the Kongo's friendlier tribes. These exploratory parties have reached OTL southern Angola and a little bit farther south but supply constraints and lack of knowledge of the area prevents further progress. Castile begins sending missionaries to the Kongo to convert the friendlier tribes which is relatively successful. Castile continues to convert to the Western Church with the king and his royal family attempting to preach about the new church and its benefits to the common man and not keeping them in the dark. The Conversion to the Western/Consuete Church continues with a relative majority accepting following the issues with nobility.  The Castilian navy with new ships replacing the old ones begins military drills for preparedness and experience. Castile also now not having the troop strength to hold onto Tangiers anymore (due to the war) transfers control of the city and surrounding area to the kingdom of Morocco. With the independence of Alexandria sends major amounts of aid to the Christians in Alexandria and begins basing more ships in Cyprus to help support them. The King also has a child with his Aragonese wife named Elizabeta (Scraw didn't have a name. I had to make one up) named Ferdinand who is now two years old. The Castilian navy begins establishing multiple trade posts up and down the African coasts more for contact and conversions to Christianity rather than full blown trade in multiple areas. The Castilian king Henry IV funds an exploratory fleet down from Congo to map the area and identify areas suitable for a trade posts or resupply point with the expressed purpose of reaching India by the close of the Century. This objective is kept a secret from most everyone but the ships men and captains and the closest members of the Castilian court. The Castilian navy begins pushing the exploratory border to the southern tip of Angola and into northern Namibia and in order to effectively resupply creates some trade posts and resupply posts in the area. The issue with King Henry being a very problematic king is finally solved in which during a meeting of the king's council he demanded that any and all foreign merchants within Castile and its vassals were to be expelled or killed if they refused to. This causes an action in which King Henry not only attempts to outlaw the Consuete Church which most of the country and its vassals follow, but begin a purge of foreign merchants, Muslims, Jews and renaissance thinkers. This causes an action to be needed and Carlos with support from the king's council and most of the Castilian nobility takes command of the Royal Army while King Henry himself leads a much smaller army against his half brother. Carlos then states he will rule as regent for King Henry's son and will alow King Henry to live out his days in peace if he backs down. This is not done and the remaining disloyal nobles supporting the old church vestiges and King Henry are wiped out in a short but bloody battle in which Henry himself was killed. The Country takes the news well having heard of his attempts to outlaw their own religion and kill the many things that were making Castile prosperous. Carlos staying true to his word only rules Castile as a regent and begins to personally educate his nephew Ferdinand to prevent him from being like his father. His first order of business is to re-integrate the Kingdom of the Canaries into Castile proper. Castile requests larger scale trade with the new Kingdom of Kongo and ask to base ships there for exploratory purposes (Mod Please) The new young King Ferdinand is also announced to have claim to the Throne of Aragon as well as the throne of Castile
 * Kingdom of Granada: The economy, while moderate, is expanded. The Kingdom is formed in a relatively common way as the Muslims are currently being fought as what is deemed "hispanic tradition."  The Prince of Granada is a Castilian noble named Juan Cortez who is extremely biased against Muslims due to his father's death in the original war against Morocco over Gibraltar. The countries armed forces also begin to fight the remaining Muslims in the mountains and begin the force conversion of the remaining Muslims in Granada. Juan Cortez seeing the fallacy of supporting Henry throws his support behind Carlos and his plan. The Military is worked on just in case. The Prince of Granada Juan supports Ferdinands Claim to the throne of Aragon.
 * Kingdom of Cyprus: The King of Cyprus is now King Alexander of Cyprus. The King of Cyprus begins to see Castilian culture not as a dominant force but a possible blendable culture that can fit well within Cypriot society. The economy and military of the country is built up as is the infrastructure with a nice road system being built throughout the country. Cyprus gaining large funds from being a Castilian trade hub, begins building a few ships domestically, and purchases ships from Castile, or her allies shipwrights forming a respectable Cypriot navy of almost 90 ships with expected expansion to come. This expansion has been achieved specifically thanks to huge amounts of outsourcing to private shipwrights. Cyprus begins to see an exodus of the Knights Hospitaller West to Castile and her territories and King Matthias begins a larger recruitment for the military managing to raise a force of nearly 10,000. This force is largely funded through the large trade Cyprus has gathered. The troops are styled after Castile's royal army and Cyprus embarks on an intense training program in order to bring them up to standards. The Knights, with many departing also have many older and other knights stay due to their close ties with Cyprus. They remain to run the Knights Hospitaller in Cyprus for the foreseeable future while a large number have migrated across the sea. The Kingdom of Cyprus due to the recent issues in Castile reluctantly recognizes Carlos and his Regency for Prince Ferdinand and recognizes Ferdinands claim to the Throne of Aragon.
 * Kingdom of Morocco: The less fortunate and disenfranchised are converted. The Kingdom itself is a Christian kingdom with a similar situation of early Castile and Aragon, with large numbers of Muslims and a small number of Christians. However, the Christian community in Morocco is expanded thanks to the influx of traders and settlers from Castile and some other immigrants looking for an opportunity to live a new life here. The Kingdom establishes its capital in Casablanca and with this, begins a major point of establishing a major military presence in the area.  The infrastructure, particularly in dealing with transport and water, is expanded to accommodate more people but the only people allowed to settle are Christians - particularly from Hispania. A notable number of Castilians settle the area. While Christians remain the minority the kingdom of Morocco sets up various churches and allows preachers to roam around and convert people. The Kingdom begins to push toward integration of the city of Tangiers into the kingdom. This would give the Kingdom two important cities. Heavy taxes are imposed on Muslim traders in order to facilitate conversions to Christianity while lower more friendly taxes are given to Christian merchants. The leader of Morocco styled a king, out of respect deducts himself in rank to Prince of Morocco as the throne is only to be held by the King of Castile himself if it's ever required. The country begins the construction of various canals and cultivates trees farther inland to help increase arable farmland. The Moroccan economy continue to expand with greater trade coming from Castile and the Canaries all the way down to Capo Verde increasing the relative wealth. The Kingdom's army proper raised by immigrant Christians now numbers about 7000 itself and is expected to grow. The Kingdom of Morocco begins to take control of territory in  the interior of Morocco proper following the Castilian and English forces and securing the areas (this territory is being integrated into the kingdom of Morocco). The population of Morocco is an estimated 420,000 currently with an increasing amount of people settling in the country. The city of Fez begins to rebuilt as the Holy City of Calne-Vicuna for the Consuete (Western) Church. The Converted Berbers are finally admitted into the armed forces and as fierce fighters they are able to not only put down Muslim revolts but wipe them out at the core. The Prince of Morocco now named Fernando Ortega a new name come up with to differentiate himself as the Prince of Morocco takes power from his now dead father. He immediately supports Carlos's plans in Castile and sends some of the new Christian Berber troops to act as personal guards for the Royal Palace in Toledo. The Moroccan Prince also Recognizes Ferdinands Claim to the Throne of Aragon.
 * Kingdom of Italy: King Charles I continues the reforms of his father, and improves the economy and the military. Continues the construction and improvement of shipyards and production of new boats to combat in the Mediterranean. Territorial defense continues being built based on border forts. Relations with the Byzantine Empire continue strong. The Naval Academy in Taranto continues the technological research with Venice. The King continue to give new impetus to the culture within the kingdom and its vassal states, in art, science, etc.
 * Kingdom of Sicily: The army continue the process of assimilation of Italian tactics that spread through the Mediterranean, promoting the use of early firearms. The economy of the island is mostly cereal crops. Thanks to Italian support the exploitation of olives and wine grapes continues.
 * Grand Duchy of Tuscany: Improves the economy and the military. The economic prosperity of the previous years is accented with commercial junction providing by Italy and Genoa, and the city of Florence is the commercial nexus among all the Italian states. Frederick I helps promote economic prosperity, gives incentives to help manufacturing output grow, and improve access roads to make the trade more fluid and profitable. The army is formed to the image of the Italian army, with gradual use of new firearms that become quite popular. Frederick I became a great patron and the Tuscan nobles follow this particular policy. The artists, protected and maintained by the nobles and bourgeois rising, unleash their creativity.
 * Duchy of Genoa: Improves the economy and the military. The Duchy of Genoa continues trading from the Black Sea to the Straits of Gibraltar, using new models of ships with cargo holds of more spacious and allow greater profit. With the help of Italian military fleet, try to force richest commercial rights in Tunisian ports. In Genoa the boom in production of luxury items continue. The pressure of the Genoese traders in Tunis is growing, and combined with the presence of Christian missionaries, who at the same time serve commercial spies; is accomplished the capture of a lot of exotic products that are not easy to get due to the conflicts and trade barriers in the Near East, and the axis between Tunis and Genoa is strengthened. The Genoese economy restarts its golden age.
 * Duchy of Ferrara: Improves the economy and the military. The paper industry is forging ahead, and also the making of looms, making this duchy in one of the most productive in northern Italy. Duke Niccolo I continue the loyal service to Italy.
 * Duchy of Corsica: Improves the economy and the military. The exploitation of salt mines and silver continues. In the same way, the vine crops increase in extension and quality, and the manufacture of wine each year improves in quality and quantity, and is recognized as the best European wine. On the island of Corsica a boom of mercenaries continues. The Italian army started recruiting many Corsicans, making them a legend in terms of ferocity and skill in the skirmishes and battles.
 * Marquisate of Modena: Improves the economy and the military. Niccolo is dedicated to art and culture, encouraging painters, sculptors and architects that embellish this little Marquisate, leading Italian opulence to a new level. Marquis Niccolo I continues the loyal service to Italy.
 * Principality of Zeta: Improves the economy and the military. Dairy cattle production increases, and in the same way the manufacture of better quality cheese, they continue to be exported to Italy, Hungary and Byzantium. The Prince Giovanni I continues the cultural boom.
 * Vatican City: Pope Benedict XV continue the campaign of evangelization in the lands of the Balkans. Missionaries continue to working in North Africa, especially in Tunisia, where they try to recover the core of Christians. The Pope like his predecessor condemns all those who come to the false churches that are being created in Europe. The Pope in his speeches also continues condemning the current lack of security of pilgrims traveling to the Holy Land, which the Christian nations have a priority to recover these places and they are missing to the will of God. The nephew of Pope Callistus III, Rodrigo Borgia continue his ascent in the Roman curia.
 * Order of the Knights of Malta: The Grand Master of the Order Piero Raimondo Camelot, uses his fleet of ten ships to patrol the central Mediterranean, also helping needy Christians. Military elements are improved, and the economy is maintained by the Italian and Sicilian support.
 * County of Provence: The reform of the administration continues, adapting the Italian model which has had so much success. Improves economy through trade and manufacturing cloth. The military camp is also improved, adding new equipment and Italian military ideas.
 * Duchy of Anjou: As in Provence, the Duchy transformation is performed. The economy and military improve.
 * Alencon: The economy and military improve.
 * Narbonne: The economy and military improve.
 * Vendome: The economy and military improve.
 * Aragon expands its navy, economy and infrastructure. The Aragonese Renacimento continues with art taking new forms with young artists, sponsored by nobles, experimenting with new styles. They are also influenced by ancient Greco-Roman history. King Charles begins to suffer the symptoms of old age after several decades of life. However, Aragonese economic influence over the Mediterranean trade increases, and Aragon continues to fund voyages to Africa. Aragon also gets involved in northern European trade networks. Aragon makes an offer to England to buy its land in Aquitane.
 * Hesse: We continue improving the economy and keep recruiting soldiers. The Royal Family begins writing songs as a pastime. Ludwig II comes up with a song celebrating the Hessian victory in the Gottingen War.
 * Yeah, no way that's happening. Sorry, you can't do that. -Feud
 * Bengal Sultanate: The decrease in taxes on the landed elite does its job in most areas of the Sultanate, decreasing the tax load on the peasantry and earning him their support. The tax cuts on the merchant class allow for more trade to be conducted, and a recent lax on some of the quota laws allows for more goods to be shipped from Bengal, greatly increasing trade income. Trade with the state of Ava continues, with influence being placed through trade on Ava. Cash crops continue to be grown in large amounts. With our merchants traveling to Ava, Koch, Ahom and Arakan regularly, Islam continues to grow in their nations. Most all trade roads begin to see much-needed maintenance. Due to Bengal having control over lands of multiple ethnicities and religions, literary works in the form of poems and epics continue to take influence from all three religions of the Sultanate. Urdu, also called Hindi by some, becomes more common in the Sultanate due to the mixing of Hindu and Islamic ideals. The hand cannon design is finished by the former nobles' scholars, and resembles an early European-style arquebus (not because it is modeled after one, but because that design style is a universal step in gun design). Claims of smaller shots fired from it penetrating plate armor lead to it becoming very popular in the sultanate, but the lack of enough people with the knowledge to make them leads to a shortage, and therefore higher price, making them more scarce in landed elite armies. To make up for this lack of Phay-sat (comes from the phonetic translate of the Bengali phrase used to describe the weapon "Fire shot"), bows remain an integral part of the military. Bengal, with the other Indian states, creates the Indian League, designed to prevent foreign aggression into Indian lands, as well as facilitate better relations between Indian states. The Sultans wife has twin daughters in addition to the son and daughter that she has had already. Due to complications at childbirth, his wife passes away, but the twin daughters survive, one taking the name of her mother.
 * Emirate of Andamana: Mansoor Basil Amirmoez continues to reclaim land on the island to make room for farms, and to have timber for building both boats and houses. The Emirate expands another 500 km into the island. The ships built by the timber from the island help contribute to Bengali trade. Continues working on economy and infrastructure.
 * Rajya of Orissa: Unlike the other vassals of the Bengali Sultanate, Bhandudeva IV is kept farther away from the daily politics of controlling Orissa, relying mainly on Islamic advisors sent directly by the Bengal Sultan. The advisors quickly persuade Bhandudeva IV to allow the Muslim settlers in the northern part of the Rajya to hold land south of the previously agreed living space. Continues working on military and infrastructure. Bhandudeva IV passes away, and the advisors vote in a Hindu successor, named <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:13.333333969116211px;line-height:19.19999885559082px;">Kapilendra Deva.
 * Swargadeo of Kamarupa: Now vassalized by Bengal, the Swargadeo of Ahom continues to receive extensive help in creating viable farmland. They do this by continuing a process of land reclamation in the northern part of the state, which is largely marshy and thinly populated. This process of reclamation begins by using dikes, embankments and irrigation systems. The Swargadeo (King) of Ahom declares himself to be King of Assam, also called Kamarupa in this time since he now controls his grandson's lands which were the Maharaja of Koch.
 * Bengali Diplomacy ( Needs mod response, please and thank you:)  We offer to economically stablize the freed states of Delhi, Bahamani and Jaunpur through trade and monetary loans/gifts, as well as offering to place the Sultan's personal soldiers in their nations to prevent small insurrections in the new states.
 * Bengali Diplomacy ( Needs mod response, please and thank you:)  We ask all the states of the Indian League to convene with their envoys to the city of Delhi, in part both to celebrate the fact that the city is back in Indian hands after 65 years, and to set a precident for how the Indian League conducts itself in relation to both foreign and domestic affairs.
 * In the Jochid Ulus, once again, tragedy strikes as Prince Tulpar, allied with his Tatar Muslims and Kazakhs, rebel against the legitimate government. Some areas in the Ob' fall against his rule. Seeking restoration of Jochid domain, they begin re-establishing Islamic rule and shutting down Mastoravic groves.
 * The Legitimist government of Theodore gets almost universal support in the western areas, where Christianity and Mastoravism are dominant. The troops rise up in favour of Theodore across the western nation; large amounts of former soldiers return to arms against Tulpar, especially in Qazan, Saray and Astrakhan. These troops march, with Prince Tyushtya at their head, against Tulpar's troop. However, they are evaded by most of the Muslim armies. At home, Theodore continues his reforms. The most important one, although largely symbolic, is disbanding the last of the Ulus, and declaring the Ulus of Jochi a defunct nation. The nation reforms to become the Empire of the Tartary. This is widely hailed by merchants and peasants alike.
 * The Rebel government of Tulpar embarks on guerrilla warfare against Tyushtya's troops. They sieze some cities, like Ural and Öfö, which are Muslim strongholds. However, the brunt of their army is located in the forests and rivers of Siberia. The army fights back some of Tyushtya's advances, and fortifies their more obvious positions.
 * Great Perm, Adyghea and the Kazakhs declare their support to Theodore, but send no significant aid.
 * Trier: We upgrade our military and economy. The states around us are influenced. Trade routes are established, opening trade among Hesse, Cologne and Austria and her vassals. We dedicate this turn to infrastructure expansion, building several defenses, and roads to link towns across the nation. Fortifications around our capital are improved and updated. We continue to influence Cleves following support from the Dutch War for Independence.

1464
'''Locals and Uzbeks in Khiva mount a rebellion against the Safavids in the region. The Uzbek group the Yadigarid Shaybanids installed themselves as Khans of the region, founding the Khanate of Khiva.'''

'''Faced with lacking trade in the large but isolated Fijian isles, some Fijian sailors settle in Tanna and Erromango isles in Vanuatu, closer to the Indian trade web. Becoming wealthier, this thalassocratic Fijian empire begins to rival the long-standing Tongans.'''

'''In Rome, Pope Benedict XV dies. In the subsequent conclave, the Napolitan Giacomo Tebaldi is elected Pope, taking the Papal name of Clement VIII. However, Clement VIII dies unexpectedly, only 27 days after his accession. Another conclave is held, where the Castilian Juan de Torquemada is elected Pope, taking the Papal name of Marinus IV.'''

'''In China, a small rebellion occurs in the interior province of Huguang and in Guangxi, where a rebellion of the Miao people and Yao people combats the roughly 160,000 local troops stationed in the region. The crisis escalates after the rebels manage to establish a foothold in the area.'''

'''A Breton-French-Latin dictionary, known as the Catholicon, is first written. It is the first French dictionary as well as the first Breton dictionary of world history.'''

'''The local Sharifs in Fez begin a minor revolt against their rulers, declaring a jihad. The current governor is put to death, while several Christians and Jewish citizens are slaughtered in the frenzy.'''

'''Albert II, Holy Roman Emperor, praised leader of the German people, dies peacefully in his sleep in Vienna. His death is mourned by people all across the Holy Roman Empire, who valued him as a wise and successful ruler. Albert “the Magnanimous” is buried in St Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna, surrounded by friends, family and hundreds of noble lords from across the realm. His first son George is crowned Archduke of Austria, who departs for Augsburg to appear before the electors as a candidate for emperor.'''
 * Cuzco: We patiently wait for a response from the Ica-Nazca. Economy and military are built up in the meantime.
 * Wanka: Economy and military are built up.
 * Hamburg-Mecklenburg: The nation mourns the death of Albert II and William I later sets off for Frankfurt to make his bid for the seat of the Holy Roman Emperor. Williamsburg and Neue Lüneburg grow, and trade with the Africans proves profitable. A series of defensive walls begin to be constructed for the city of Hamburg. Ruppin continues to be petitioned for resources.
 * Magdeburg: Infrastructure expanded.
 * Castile: The Castilian economy continues a larger process of pulling in more money through trade. The infrastructure of Castile is also expanded more. Castile, in order to facilitate more conversions to Christianity, imposes higher taxes on non-Christians in the areas it controls personally or by proxy through its vassals. Castile has successfully mapped large parts of the African coast south of Morocco and down as far as their trade posts in the Kongo these are kept secret.  The Castilian nobility begins to adapt toward a newer system to revamp or work on their power as they move toward becoming advisors to the king and less involved in their feudal estates which while growing have developed Guilds to facilitate payments for the efforts of the men working, The expert workmanship of many of these men has seen notable increase in productivity for each feudal state with most lords not complaining. The Kingdom's cities begin to be improved with better sanitation and the King hires architects to plan out a sewer system, as well as a true plan for multiple major cities. Castile begins a major process of researching the matchlocks acquired from the Netherlands acquired and develops its own version which is used to replace the older weapons. which is finally finished. The construction of a new kind of warship with cannons is completed - a heavy warship much more powerful than most other ships of the time. The King notices the heavily increased productivity and income flow due to his hands off policy and non-interference and begins to allow artists, minstrels and other artistic and scientific minds to become more prevalent in Castile, many believe the Castilian Renaissance is imminent. Castile, due to its naval range, high income, extensive and dominant trade network, becomes one of the largest and most dynamic trade empires of the Atlantic and Western Mediterranean. The Castilian navy with its new heavy warships and some new updated designs for older ships organizes a heavy royal fleet phasing out past organizations. The Royal army of Castile has now almost wholly replaced the previous feudalistic military forces and has a size of nearly 50,000 and growing thanks in part to the good funding being provided by the king. In order to make up for lost power the King as behest of his new wife, and several of his friends who are nobles create a king's advisory council which officially has the power of the king in many matters if authorized. The men are also given station to criticize the king's actions to keep him from going crazy with power. The Knights Hospitaller are moved more into Castile with their professional fighting strength and religious zeal used to patrol the borders of Castile's Gibraltar province. The Knights are also given the authority to police the majority Christian Tangiers now, and effectively prevent many Muslims from coming over the border to wreak havoc. Castile's navy, now heavily funded and expanded greatly, reaches a large number of combat and tradeworthy ships and with its trade from Oyo, and various supply bases establishes military and trade dominance over the West African areas as well as its locality in the Mediterranean. The Castilian trade dominance in West Africa remains unbudged as Castile directly owns and has the majority of the gold and ivory trades coming out of West and North Africa. Castile's population reaches around 6.3 million and growing. (I have been focusing heavily on growth of population and have not been involved in nearly the number of destructive wars as OTL Castile has been). The Castilian Renaissance reaches its full swing with art and scientific advancement being allowed by the State as many of the religious fanatics and dissidents are fighting in Morocco, along with this, the highly respected middle and artisan classes are able to afford a much better living with various artists painting great works and with one even gaining an audience with the royal family for a painting. The Castilian navy reaches a large force of nearly 550 ships using the huge funding from Castile's conquests, trading, and other situation to fund this navy. The technology of the Castilian navy is improved heavily as the king begins to focus more on the quality of his ships rather than the quantity which results in better quality ships (like an early carrack and my previously developed pre-galleon). The exploration continues just below the Kongo as the Castilian exploration parties manage to gather supplies from the Kongo's friendlier tribes. These exploratory parties have reached OTL southern Angola and a little bit farther south but supply constraints and lack of knowledge of the area prevents further progress. Castile begins sending missionaries to the Kongo to convert the friendlier tribes which is relatively successful. Castile continues to convert to the Western Church with the king and his royal family attempting to preach about the new church and its benefits to the common man and not keeping them in the dark. The conversion to the Western/Consuete Church continues with a relative majority accepting following the issues with nobility.  The Castilian navy with new ships replacing the old ones begins military drills for preparedness and experience. Castile also now not having the troop strength to hold onto Tangiers any longer (due to the war) transfers control of the city and surrounding area to the kingdom of Morocco. With the independence of Alexandria sends major amounts of aid to the Christians in Alexandria and begins basing more ships in Cyprus to help support them. The King also has a child with his Aragonese wife named Elizabeta (Scraw didn't have a name. I had to make one up) named Ferdinand who is now two years old. The Castilian navy begins establishing multiple trade posts up and down the African coasts more for contact and conversions to Christianity rather than full blown trade in multiple areas. The Castilian king Henry IV funds an exploratory fleet down from Congo to map the area and identify areas suitable for a trade posts or resupply point with the expressed purpose of reaching India by the close of the Century. This objective is kept a secret from most everyone but the ships men and captains and the closest members of the Castilian court. The Castilian navy begins pushing the exploratory border to the southern tip of Angola and into northern Namibia and in order to effectively resupply creates some trade posts and resupply posts in the area. The issue with King Henry being a very problematic king is finally solved in which during a meeting of the king's council he demanded that any and all foreign merchants within Castile and its vassals were to be expelled or killed if they refused to. This causes an action in which King Henry not only attempts to outlaw the Consuete church which most of the country and its vassals follow, but begin a purge of foreign merchants, Muslims, Jews and renaissance thinkers. This causes an action to be needed and Carlos with support from the king's council and most of the Castilian nobility takes command of the Royal Army while King Henry himself leads a much smaller army against his Half Brother. Carlos then states he will rule as regent for King Henry's son and will alow King Henry to live out his days in peace if he backs down. This is not done and the remaining disloyal nobles supporting the old church vestiges and King Henry are wiped out in a short but bloody battle in which Henry himself was killed. The Country takes the news well having heard of his attempts to outlaw their own religion and kill the many things that were making Castile prosperous. Carlos staying true to his word only rules Castile as a regent and begins to personally educate his nephew Ferdinand to prevent him from being like his father. His first order of business is to re-integrate the Kingdom of the Canaries into Castile proper. Castile officially declared a war of succession over Aragon in order to unite Castile and Aragon together in a personal union. Castile is joined by various allies.
 * Kingdom of Granada: The economy, while moderate, is expanded. The Kingdom is formed in a relatively common way as the Muslims are currently being fought as what is deemed "hispanic tradition."  The Prince of Granada is a Castilian noble named Juan Cortez who is extremely biased against Muslims due to his father's death in the original war against Morocco over Gibraltar. The countries armed forces also begin to fight the remaining Muslims in the mountains and begin the force conversion of the remaining Muslims in Granada. Juan Cortez seeing the fallacy of supporting Henry throws his support behind Carlos and his plan. The Military is worked on just in case. The Prince of Granada Juan supports Ferdinands Claim to the throne of Aragon. Granada declares war on Aragon with Castile and allies
 * Kingdom of Cyprus: The King of Cyprus is now King Alexander of Cyprus. The King of Cyprus begins to see Castilian culture not as a dominant force but a possible blendable culture that can fit well within Cypriot society. The economy and military of the country is built up as is the infrastructure with a nice road system being built throughout the country. Cyprus gaining large funds from being a Castilian trade hub, begins building a few ships domestically, and purchases ships from Castile, or her allies shipwrights forming a respectable Cypriot navy of almost 90 ships with expected expansion to come. This expansion has been achieved specifically thanks to huge amounts of outsourcing to private shipwrights. Cyprus begins to see an exodus of the Knights Hospitaller West to Castile and her territories and King Matthias begins a larger recruitment for the military managing to raise a force of nearly 10,000. This force is largely funded through the large trade Cyprus has gathered. The troops are styled after Castile's royal army and Cyprus embarks on an intense training program in order to bring them up to standards. The Knights, with many departing also have many older and other knights stay due to their close ties with Cyprus. They remain to run the Knights Hospitaller in Cyprus for the foreseeable future while a large number have migrated across the sea. The Kingdom of Cyprus due to the recent issues in Castile reluctantly recognizes Carlos and his Regency for Prince Ferdinand and recognizes Ferdinands claim to the Throne of Aragon. He is not requested to join the war against Aragon due to the situation not affecting them greatly and it being not as cultural significance to Cyprus.
 * Kingdom of Morocco: The less fortunate and disenfranchised are converted. The Kingdom itself is a Christian kingdom with a similar situation of early Castile and Aragon, with large numbers of Muslims and a small number of Christians. However, the Christian community in Morocco is expanded thanks to the influx of traders and settlers from Castile and some other immigrants looking for an opportunity to live a new life here. The Kingdom establishes its capital in Casablanca and with this, begins a major point of establishing a major military presence in the area.  The infrastructure, particularly in dealing with transport and water, is expanded to accommodate more people but the only people allowed to settle are Christians - particularly from Hispania. A notable number of Castilians settle the area. While Christians remain the minority the kingdom of Morocco sets up various churches and allows preachers to roam around and convert people. The Kingdom begins to push toward integration of the city of Tangiers into the kingdom. This would give the Kingdom two important cities. Heavy taxes are imposed on Muslim traders in order to facilitate conversions to Christianity while lower more friendly taxes are given to Christian merchants. The leader of Morocco styled a king, out of respect deducts himself in rank to Prince of Morocco as the throne is only to be held by the King of Castile himself if it's ever required. The country begins the construction of various canals and cultivates trees farther inland to help increase arable farmland. The Moroccan economy continue to expand with greater trade coming from Castile and the Canaries all the way down to Capo Verde increasing the relative wealth. The Kingdom's army proper raised by immigrant Christians now numbers about 12,000 itself and is expected to grow. The city of Fez begins to rebuilt as the Holy City of Calne-Vicuna for the Consuete (Western) Church. However, this is delayed by the revolt of jihadists in the area. The Converted Berbers are finally admitted into the armed forces and as fierce fighters they are able to not only put down Muslim revolts but wipe them out at the core. These troops are used as shock troops in the combatting of the revolt near Fez. The Moroccan troops aided by nearly 2000 hired mercenaries attempt to quell the rebellion but due to the spread out resistance in the area are only able to take back Fez Proper. This revolt due to the guerrilla-like tactics is expected to be quelled in a few years. Raids continue to be a problem. The Prince of Morocco now named Fernando Ortega a new name come up with to differentiate himself as the Prince of Morocco takes power from his now dead father. He immediately supports Carlos's plans in Castile and sends some of the new Christian Berber troops to act as personal guards for the Royal Palace in Toledo. The Moroccan Prince also recognizes Ferdinand's claim to the throne of Aragon.
 * Ottoman Sultanate: The economy in the Sultanate improves greatly since the end of the War, and the improved economy helps the Sultan to put more money into architecture, like mosques and even education centers including a new university. Meanwhile, the Sultan sails aboard one of the newest vessels that voyages on the coast of the Levant in order to foster relations with the locals. Many ships are sent to modern Tunisia and Algeria to establish trade with more Muslim nations. Speaking of Muslim nations, to ensure the unity and prosperity of the Ottoman Sultanate, the Grand Vizier plans to incorporate its vassals into the nation in the next decade or two, starting with Erzincan.
 * The Kingdom of England (member state of the Kingdoms of Greater Albion): English military and navy are expanded with many new war cogs being added to the English fleets. The North Sea trade is almost completely dominated by the North Sea Trading Alliance (Holland and Albion, mostly). Nordic and English culture continues to blend, with stories of the mythical Norse gods becoming popular reading among the wealthy segments of the population. Scotland continues to integrate the government fully with that of England and of Albion in full. Work with the Celts continue in Scotland and Ireland working to bring the two cultures closer together. Albion sends more explorers to Africa, particularly in the OTL regions of Sierra Leone and the Ivory Coast. Edmund Trading Port in OTL Sierra Leone continues to see expansive trade and is renamed Edmundburgh. The Palaces in London that were damaged by the great fire are finally, after several decades, almost complete in repairs. The Albionic and English Navies are continuously and massively expanded in an effort to retain control over the waters of the North. New and larger, more powerful ships are built as well as the Albionic equivalent to the Norse Karak, but with more guns and a slightly larger masthead. English explorers begin to map the coast of Africa for the King, making it down the coast near OTL Gabon. James Severus' famous book, The Eddies of Great Albion: Poetry from the Past becomes a popular read across the Isles and is shipped abroad with trade merchants, spreading Anglo-Celt culture far and wide. The Albionic Navy continues growth with a number of impressive ships constructed. In Albion, the first books are printed in English, inspiring a nationalistic attitude among the population. several books including The Eddies of Great Albion are translated into English, as well as Gaelic. The Aeneid becomes the first of a string of classical literature printed in the Isles and is distributed throughout. Books written by Roman tacticians from the old Province of Britannia are sent to Eire. An offer of increased trade and an alliance are sent to the County of Oldenburg. Albion declares war on Aragon to protect Albionic interests over the legitimate claims that ally, Castile has declared.
 * Dublin: After the years of upgrading, Dublin becomes a shining jewel in the Eire. Dublin founds the Bank of Eire as an offshoot of the Bank of England. The Bank of England sees modernization. The Albionic and English Navies are continuously and massively expanded in an effort to retain control over the waters of the North. The Eddies of Great Albion: Poetry from the Past becomes a popular read in Dublin, one of the most important trading ports in Eire.
 * Wales: The Welsh military and navy are expanded. The Welsh begin to see the fruits of all the English banking investments as large areas of the nation see improvements in infrastructure. Representation in the Albion Parliament increases as a minor population boom in and around Cardiff begins. The Albionic and English Navies are continuously and massively expanded in an effort to retain control over the waters of the North.
 * Calais: The port of Calais is expanded. Calais also builds more ships to add to the increasingly expansive Albion Royal Navy.
 * France: With the declaration of war from Castile to Aragon we see a chance at getting a few parts of Aragon for the gain of French regions under control of Aragon currently, the French troops declare war on Aragon mostly out of honor as they are the main allies of the Castillian kingdom and in order to honor the previous recognition of the Castilian claim on the Aragonese throne. While this, troops are moved to the southern regions of France and the French fleet begins destroying Aragonese warships off the coast of Barcelona and near the Balearic Islands, to some extent having a lot of success at taking down part of their fleet and planning a joint capture with Venice of the islands in order to launch an eventually direct hit to Barcelona and Valencia. While this, some French forces cross Aragon's northern border. While this, Muslim slave soldiers (descended from those few Tunisians captured) are sent to their death and as weapons against Aragon's forces. While this, navy continue growings its presence over the Northern and Atlantic Sea. England is offered a land exchange in which France retrieves their remaining holdings and in exchange leases Brittany to Britain until 1600 (starting from 1466), the only remaining holding outside Brittany being Calais. French explorers reach OTL Cape Vert after tailing a Castilian trade ship in a mutual partnership established by the merchants, which allowed them to get that far, soon after the start trade with the locals and eventually visit the African coast.
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up, economy expands. Some squads are sent to Aragon to help in the French front against Aragon.
 * Brittany: Military and navy are built up, economy expands.
 * Berry: Military and economy are built up.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up.
 * Armagnac: Military and economy are built up.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy are built up.
 * Albionic Diplomacy: The Crown of Albion accepts the land agreement.
 * Sanafah continues the planned and systematic growth of the emirate. Infrastructure improvements remain a favorite of the Council, who near finalization of vassalization of Mabuto. Meanwhile, the Chieftain of Sakalava works in both states to promote culturally re-integration. Betsileo, in dynastic union with the Chief expands 1000 sq km, and Sakalava expands 2500 sq km. The Emir works with his extensive system of alliances in the Swahili region, improving relations. Trade also picks up. Dina Arobi grows more slowly than its predecessor, Dina Morgabin, which continues to grow in population. The Comoros further expands it mainland exclave at Pemba. Population increases as a result of increase of standard of living. All Sanafahi states grow their economies.
 * Portugal: Continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Leiname. By this time, the colony in Leiname starts to export wheat to Portugal. Meanwhile, some Portuguese explorers continue to explore the African coast. São Miguel and Santa Maria continue to be settled.
 * Mughal Empire: Babur adopts the 13-year-old Mirza as his son. The young boy is education is specially taken care of, making sure he is fluent in Persian, Urdu, Marwari and Chagatay Turkic. Babur, without a male heir, declares Mirza his successor, ensuring the survival of the Timurid dynasty. With the freeing of Jaunpur and Bahmani, the Mughal agriculture is damaged as is the whole economy due to numerous people migrating from Jaunpur and Bahmani. Babur, wishing to keep the economy steady, strengthens the positions of those working in mines.
 * Southern Chagatai Khanate: The Eunuch Khan heads back to his Khanate after the treaty has been signed. The Khanate works on its trade routes and economy.
 * Safavid Persian Empire: We ask for peace with the Uzbeks (MOD RESPONSE). The new changes to the Qu'ran made by our neighbors is heavily shunned. The Sunni population continues to shrink, while the overall population steadily grows. We focus on our military, making developments, and the troop count is swiftly growing. This is in part due to the lack of "True Islam" and an overpowering sense of nationalisim as many feel like rightful Persian lands are being kept from us. The wall around Isfahan continues. The University of Tabriz attracts many from across the middle east. We begin to expand into the fragmented Muzzafarids. (which I am assuming is that fragmented and disorganized nartion above the green one)
 * Eire: We rejoice when Thomond and later other Irish states lay down arms and join us, and 55 years after King Thomas' fateful dream, Eire becomes fully united, save the city of Dublin, which remains independent and remaining so for the forseeable future. Celebrations occur in towns across Eire, and the King and his entourage tours Eire, with the help of the new road system. We begin expanding roads to newly-acquired regions in Eire, hoping to connect all major towns, and spread new Irish ideals such as Occidentalism (Western Catholicism) and pro-Albionism. Stabilization after years of expansion continues, with many soldiers in the military for years during Eire's fighting begin to settle down, and the navy continues to be built up. Cork and Ballydrogheda undergo a renaissance, as the unification of Ireland allows for the ability to export products from all across the Isle. As such, trade increases. the King begins to modernize the military forces, with the eventual forces consisting of a main line of pikemen, Gaelic skirmishers on the flanks, crossbowmen behind the skirmishers, and the cavalry behind all. Wool begins to become a more popular farm product, with a few people living in the towns beginning to manufacture cloth in small quantities. Leinster is fully integrated into Eire. (Inf-turn) 
 * The Koryak Confederacy: The Koryak Confederacy expands 2000 km west into Yakutia, surrounding it's vassal the East Yakuts. Writing continues to spread, along with Shinto, as many priests teach reading and writing in addition to fulfilling a religious role. Using one of the new Fuchuan ships, the Alaska Peninsula is thoroughly mapped. Its captain decides it is part of a larger continent and not a small island. Kodiak grows as more fishermen use it as a harbour when fishing off the Alaskan coast. The port is brough tunder government control and renamed Alyeska. An adventurous cowherd is dropped on the peninsula, where he spends the summer crisscrossing it with his herd of cows, trading with the Inuit inhabitants. He acquires a great deal of ivory, leading others to consider emulating him.
 * ​Chukhotka: Builds more roads into sparsely settled northeastern territories. Shinto and writing continues to spread.
 *  ​ East Yakuts: The East Yakuts improve the economy by adopting livestock, such as cows and cames,w hich previosuly had not reached the area.
 * Free City of Ustokut: The city improves its military, emplacing the siege equipment along the walls and building barracks for the garrison.
 * Pskov Exherts more contorl over the Prince of Muscovy via their seat in the Muscovian Council, The Prhince of pskov becomes the right hand of Prince Dimitri. THe Pskovians continue to produce more books and be the center of scientifgic revivial in Russia. A new work is found during an expedition to Arabia, by a man named Aristarchus of Samos, and another named Al-beruni that postulated that the Earth is not the center of the UNiverse, but rather rotates around the Sun, and spins on its own axis, and that retrograde motion of mars is simply an optical illusinon...the scientific works are published and this theory is outright rejected by some as blasphemy but others look to it with intrigue, especialy one Vechiaslav Feodorovich Turchkov, who begins to ponder the question, and begins to find that planets, incluyding the earth, moving in circles areound the sun is a much more eloquent model that the Platonian Circles within circles. He begins to study and write a work which he will present to the newly-founded academy of natural studies, a subdivison of the college of phisicians. Due to many works done on humans, the understanding of the human body increases, and, due to the influence of Arabian medicine, the practice of bloodletting is ceased by all members of the college, and leter outlawed. The College later petitons the veche that nobody should be allowed to call themselves a "phicisian" or "doctor" without being a member. After debate, the motion passes. Due to the increase in trade and literacy, pskov's economy becomes better.
 * Great Zimbabwe builds up its military as King Kahal seizes power in a coup after killing the previous King and all of his legal heirs. King Kahal's seizure of the throne causes many of the lords outside of the capital to rebel and denounce the new King. The King starts to fight a war to seize back the parts of his Kingdom which have rebelled away to prove the power of the "Nzi we mabwe" (Great Houses of Stone).
 * Prussia: The Prussians officially annex their vassal of Pomerania. The Prussians continue to convert to the Western Church. The Prussians begin to build their army.
 * Courland: The Curonians also begin developing their economy and military. The Curonians also begin converting to the Western Church.