Newfoundland and Labrador (Canadian Republic)

Newfoundland and Labrador (/njuːfənˈlænd ən ˈlæbrədɔːr/, French: Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador; Innu: Akamassiss; Newfoundland Irish: Talamh an Éisc agus Labradar) is the most easterly province of Canada. Situated in the country's Atlantic region, it comprises the island of Newfoundland and mainland Labrador to the northwest, with a combined area of 405,212 square kilometres (156,500 sq mi). In 2013, the province's population was estimated at 526,702.[6] About 92% of the province's population lives on the island of Newfoundland (and its neighbouring smaller islands), of whom more than half live on the Avalon Peninsula. The province is Canada's most linguistically homogeneous, with 97.6% of residents reporting English (Newfoundland English) as their mother tongue in the 2006 census.[7] Historically, Newfoundland was also home to unique varieties of French and Irish, as well as the extinct Beothuk language. Due to migration from the West Indies, particularly Jamaica, Patois and Spanish have also grown as languages in recent years. In Labrador, local dialects of Innu-aimun and Inuktitut are also spoken.

Newfoundland and Labrador's capital and largest city, St. John's, is Canada's 20th-largest census metropolitan area and is home to almost 40 percent of the province's population. St. John's is the seat of government, home to the House of Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador and to the highest court in the jurisdiction, the Newfoundland and Labrador Court of Appeal.

A former colony and then dominion of the United Kingdom, Newfoundland became an independent republic in 1920, as per the Treaty of Munich. Significant economic distress caused by the Great Depression and the aftermath of Newfoundland's participation in World War I led to the country voting to join Canada. Along with Arctica and the West Indies, It entered the Canadian Confederation on July 1, 1941, as "Newfoundland and Labrador."