Principia Moderni IV (Map Game)

The Ming Dynasty still rules over the vast lands of China. On the other side of the world, the Hundred Years War continues between England and France. Europe is still stuck in the old ways of feudalism and chivalry while the notions of a New World are considered figments of the imagination.

We welcome you to the long-awaited fourth expansion of that immortal series. Welcome to Principia Moderni IV! Starting in 1400 AD, this is the dawn of the modern world and the tail end of the Middle Ages. The Renaissance is just kicking off in Europe, while the nations in the western side of the continent are locked in the last gasp of the Hundred Years War. The Muslim world is still reeling from the invasions of Turks and Mongols, with the Caliphate resting in the collapsing Mamluk Egypt and the Ottomans on the rise in Anatolia. Make it count.

The first game was the most successful on the wiki, leading all the way to the modern day with mostly plausible posts and little controversy. The second game reached almost to the modern day, but failed due to a plethora of ASB events and moderator bias. The third game was much more worthy of the first, almost running into implausibility but climbing back into a shining glory by the end. Riding on the latest reforms of map games since the end of PMIII, this is the most logical next step in that evolution. Remember, above all other rules, — have fun.



Important Pages

 * Rules and Algorithm
 * Alliances 
 * Holy Roman Empire
 * Feudal Dynasties
 * College of Cardinals
 * Nations

The Night's Watch (Moderators)

 * Lord Commander Scrawland
 * First Ranger Wolves
 * First Builder Callumthered
 * Maester GunsnadGlory
 * The Mountain that Rides Feudy McPlagueface
 * The Rising Tide Solace
 * Eunuch User:Person67

The Wildlings
All users currently on the wiki may play unless otherwise noted.

Banned Users
A ban from plausibility strikes lasts 30 days, after which the third strike is repealed and the banned player is unbanned. However, the newly unbanned player rejoins the game with two strikes, as a form of probation.
 * Bear - 1648

Banned temporarily

 * No players have yet been temporarily banned

Plausibility Strikes
'''Three strikes and you're out! Each strike resets after 30 years of the most recent strike.'''
 * Fallacy I
 * Eljefe316 I

Moderator Strikes
These are strikes for moderators and how they moderate. The same three strikes rules apply. If a moderator is banned from moderating. However, they can still play as their nation. Mod strikes can be delivered in one of three ways: Moderators can be given strikes for the following reasons:
 * 1) If a sufficient number of players (more than half of all players voting) vote to give a moderator a strike.
 * 2) If I, Scraw, give them a strike.
 * 3) If a majority of all mods (i.e., more than half of the total number of mods, excluding that moderator) vote to give a moderator a strike.
 * 1) Exhibiting bias that would benefit the nation they are playing.
 * 2) Exhibiting bias that would negatively affect a player they have a personal dispute with.
 * 3) Making a ruling that contradicts a proven fact from OTL or an established fact from earlier in the game.
 * 4) Overruling a decision of a majority of moderators.



1890
''' The Cholera outbreak finally ends in Europe having caused upward of 12 million casualties across the entirety of Europe from Iberia to Russia. '''

''' Polish Communists and Syndicalists expand their reach building major cells of resistance within Russian controlled Poland, and German controlled Poland, respectively, in secret. '''

''' The first use of Recoil-operated Machine guns on Natives prove the outright superiority of the European militaries over the African tribes and native states expanding their subjugation of the continent in a much faster fashion. '''

''' An Unsung Naval Arms race begins in Europe as every major naval power looks to be building or developing major technologies or ships for use in potential future conflicts. '''

''' In Eastern Arcadia, the civilians reject Borelian occupation and continue to support the LEL in spite of civilian deaths or government recognition of English. They are resolute in their opposition to this bare-faced colonalism. The Burgundian attempts to make them sign a promise not to fight leads to a policy of abstention in which parties stand for elections, win them and then do not attend the legislature. '''

''' Rather than hiding from the counter-insurgency units the League of Empire Loyalists confront them in attacks of their own being equipped similarly and relying on the fact they also move in small groups to gain numerical superiority and defeat them group by group. The insurgency continues. '''


 * Vinland: Vinland begins building a navy and asks Borelia for help with building it.
 * Borealian Diplomacy: We agree to aid Vinland in the creation of their navy. In particular, we offer to sell several older ships to them, to build a small number of new ships for them, and to help educate and train their officers.


 * FS of Arcadia: The Dwuamiçio is officially adopted by the Federated States of Arcadia as its national anthem. Use of this anthem will be on foreign diplomatic missions and during special events in the FSA. The state governments of Küstenland and Bergsorbien also begin to see the vallue in immigration due to their low population being treatening the defence and administration of their states. Because of this, they will allow all immigration and if immigrants can farm an unused peace of land for five years that they can keep this land. The Federal Government also officialy Gives the Federal states the right to form militias although no federal money will go into them making them full dependent of state funds. Although these militias are not allowed to attack without federal approval except when no contact in any matter is possible. The funds that the federal government was spending on these militias is now being given to the Republican Navy of Arcadia. The navy getting new ship although most of them not being classed properly and being made on a case by case requirement. Due to this, we request a deal to the Belkan government where for ship building none of their citizens having any kind taxation and getting bison leather and gold from the FSA mines around New Leipzig.(player response)The Ministry of Communication and Transport also constructs the First Railroad from Providence to New Leipzig to New Constantinople and to Dwuamish, and many other smaller towns on the way get railstops. This railroad also is meant to connect Providence to the FSA fully and with the railroad a series of Telegram lines are constructed.


 * Kingdom of Burgundy: the battleships Skagerrak and Ostend finish their trial runs, and join the I Battle Squadron of the High Seas Fleet. Four more Austrasien-class battleships are laid down this year, with plans for the final one to be laid down next year. Also laid down are the four new battleships of the Holland-class. Somewhat smaller than the Austrasiens (11,000 tons vs 14,500 tons), and a half knot slower (17 knots vs 17.5 knots), they carry similar armor, and are armed with six 11” high-velocity rifles - a third turret is mounted amidship - capable of penetrated more armor at farther ranges than the 14” guns mounted on the Monarch-, Skagerrak-, and Austrasien-classes. Another improvement the Hollands make, is that while they use barbettes like previous battleships, they include an armored shield over the top of the barbette, granting protection to the gun crews. While different in design - and significantly lighter - than previous turrets, the new “enclosed barbettes” are often referred to as turrets. The current naval expansion, planned to make the Burgundian Navy “second to no other two”, means for the first time, privately owned companies - such as Blohm & Wolff in Antwerp, Wilton-Fijenoord in Rotterdam, and Frederik Krupp Belgicawerft in Amsterdam - are contracted to build battleships for the navy while the capital ship building slips in naval yards are expanded. In regards to the English insurgency, the Burgundian counter-insurgents in Maryland, now dubbed “Rangers”, beginning this year are equipped with the new Maessen Model 1888, Burgundy's first, and now standard issue, smokeless powder rifle. Also joining them are Maessen Model-1887 lever-action shotguns (OTL Winchester Model 1887). Their use of smokeless powder rifles helps turn the tide, as now their positions aren’t given away when they fire, and the stooping power and rapid fire of the 1887 shotguns (compared to contemporary double-barrel shotguns), provide a hefty blow to insurgents morale during combat. In another blow to the League, Marylander regulars find and raid a major smuggling operation supplying the insurgents with weapons. Also discovered during the raid is a list of safe houses, where new weapons are stored for pick up by the insurgents. This allows the Rangers to set up ambushes that kill or capture many as they make their way to these safe houses. In the political front, in response to the absention by League collaborators, the Maryland legislature passes a resolution declaring that those candidates which refuse to take their seat after a month after their term begins will then have their seats forfeited to the runner up candidate. A grace period of a month is given to allow League collaborating legislators to arrive, but those that fail to do so are declared having conceded their seats to their runners up. By and large, the runners up from the recently annexed lands favor working within the political system to better the English speaking people, instead of outright violence. George Albert Lee, who unlike most from his party took his seat after his victory, quickly becomes the leader of the pro-English opposition. Believing that a prolonged insurgency will only instill hatred between the English-speaking, and Burgundian populations, he resolves himself to work within the Maryland legislature to advance the rights of the English speaking population.
 * Aztlan: The legislature awaits the answer of Providence on the land deal. Meanwhile, Aztlan begins construction of a single battleship, the Centenario, in Merida harbor. Meanwhile, basic infrastructure begins to spread up to the industrial, less sanitary north of the country. In addition, the government standardizes the widths of rail lines across the country. And in the case of Benito I? He's reclining on a bed in the suburbs of Tenochtitlan, the stress of over twenty years of ruling beginning to ease.


 * Belkan Empire: The Empire continues to see its development internally as its northern infrastructure projects reach completion and more thoroughly link the Carpathian, Transylvanian and Moldavian regions with the core sectors of the empire. Standing at a population of 93 million and effectively out of land to settle within the home regions, the outflow of Belkans specifically to colonies such as the Maghreb begins. Richer businessmen and aristocrats flow to colonies where their opportunities would be better and places like Macau and Hong Kong see an influx of nearly 25,000 Belkans this year. Damietta, a leased port and being close, and the hub of Belkan trade in Egypt also sees its population grow from a modest trading city and military post to the city becoming a modern Belkan city with nearly 65,000 alone this year arriving to settle in the cities underutilized and underdeveloped districts. By far, however, Belkan Maghreb sees the largest influx with nearly 150,000 settlers this year as its open lands and profitable industries make it an attractive location. The main settlement location sees itself in Tunis with Tunis Harbor starting to develop thoroughly into one of the largest ports on the African continent. With some syndicalist sympathies in the government, the Belkan Supreme Soviet extends an offer of an independence guarantee to Poland. The 1871 naval program is officially scrapped as the 1885 program is established looking to increase the Belkan navy into a force of nearly 250 ships at the cost of being able to effectively deploy a large amount of Belkan manpower. It is estimated that the effective troop strength with Belka so focused on the Navy would be 2.5 million men at peak efficiency while any further raising of troops would be of lower quality or reservists. The amassing of military and exploratory units into Belkan claims in Africa continues with nearly 10,000 men organized into exploratory missions throughout the African interior specifically hoping to map a major route from Belkan Zaire to Belkan Kanem. The Belkan government authorizes the sale of the MK1 and MK2 Needle Rifles to both Egypt and Arabia seeking to modernize its allies and those in its sphere of influence. The Belkan government officially dismantles Belkan East Asia as a unified entity and splits it into directly controlled overseas cities of Durestov and Macau and establishes separate colonial governments for Manila and Burma. Belkan construction of the Chinese ships to be delivered next year nears completion. The outbreak of Cholera looks to have killed upward of 750,000 people in its first year and its expected another 400,000 will die this year. However, a huge emergency spending measure is put down to improve sanitation across the entirety of the European empire. Belka also agrees to help Egypt with its own sanitation and disease problems.
 * Crown Colony of Zaire: Exports to Belka increase once again. However, the funds derived from them are not diverted solely into the hands of the administration. The Colony champions its first railway this year as infrastructure jobs in particular are in high demand and thousands of Zairean peoples are employed. The Administration, hoping to engender goodwill, pays them relatively well and hopes they will purchase consumer goods and improve their lives significantly. This is explored further as Belkan architect-style housing is constructed in an affordable way for those subjects who can afford it in New Thessograd - as well as in various Zairean cities. They don't fill up dramatically but their purpose is clear, the Zairean people are not to be treated as exploitable subjects but as valuable members of the empire. This is not entirely seen as positive as many agree that the Belkans are ruthless colonial oppressors but nothing can be done against them. The exploration up the Congo River continues as does expansion. Zaire's first railway is constructed from a major rubber producing site to its largest interior city and then to Novo Thessograd on the coast expanding the rubber boom further. The Colony of Zaire is allowed a colonial milita force of roughly 30,000 with reserves of 400,000 able to be recruited as the Belkan military garrison begins to follow the same policies as Belkan Maghreb.
 * Crown Colony of Gabon: As of this year the Belkan military administration is dismantled in favor of a colonial administration and Gabon sees a proper census this year noting to contain roughly 1.2 million people within the colony. Various infrastructural projects are implemented as it seeks to connect many of the towns and cities. In order to bring some goodwill between the natives and the small Belkan administrative presence, gifts of modern consumer goods are brought to make the peoples' lives easier. Many are even employed with decent pay as they are given heavy incentives to abandon their tribal lifestyles. Exploration along the interior continues and claims and treaties are made with natives.
 * Dependency of Kanem: The Kanem dependency this year sees further development as a well traveled and developed route through the Sahara is built up. The Belkan investment of and shipping in of some industrial machines increases the relative output which sees its resources exported somewhat and in many other cases used to purchase consumer goods in mass numbers, further fueling the Belkan consumer goods industry at home. The Belkan administration begins to explore and stake claims to the surrounding region from Kanem. The region's population begins to boom as a result of the influx of surplus food from the Saharan trade route - which sees the beginning of the railway being constructed. The discovery of gold in Kanem sparks a rush of investment. This does, however, see the tertiary opening of multiple cement factories in Kanem's capital which attract workers due to the high pay. The railway from Kanem's capital to the Maghrebi city of Tunis continues. Expansion south and west begins with a major claim being staked on the deserts to the west and now lands to the east and south.
 * Governate of Manila: The Governate of Manila now officially split off as its own separate colonial entity is able to more effectively capitalize on its resources and population. Interestingly enough, Manila has seen a rapid and dynamic industrialization as its connection into the Belkan system and its status as Belka's model colony has seen it gain the vast majority of East Asian investment, settlement and attention. With a population now reaching 17 million the influx of industrialization into Manila sees a push in its population which begins to boom with access to modern medicine, technology, new railways and transport, and the official abolition of the feudal system in Manila in favor of a provincial system centered around the well-defended triplicate of colonial governing sites on the main islands.
 * Governate of Burma: The governate of Burma becomes known as the "mountain of jewels" to the Belkan empire as its extraction of precious gems becomes known all across the empire and even the world. Its cities begin to more fully and effectively urbanize in the face of Belkan modernization attempts, and the building of industry under Belkan ownership sees the colony become much more profitable.
 * Crown Colony of Maghreb: The Maghrebi colony - with authorization from the homeland - begins offering Maghrebis who serve in civil service and military service citizenship of the empire, refusing to deny them citizenship over trivial matters of their ethnic background. They would be learning culture and language from the Belkan civic and armed services. The textile factories within the colony continue to expand as Belkan immigrants and Maghrebi civilians continue to move into working there. The Tunis-Kanem Railway is put under construction as various retaining and reclamation structures throughout the desert are erected and the railway between both colonies begins construction it reaches completion this year as the two colonial capitals are officially linked over land. Other railways are also constructed radiating out from Algiers and Tunis which wants to connect the two cities and push into the Libyan desert to the east as well. The need for a colonial army becomes apparent - and funded by domestic budget, the Maghrebi colonial army is formed around a force of 50,000 with a large reserve of nearly 300,000 that can be conscripted within a short period. They are trained with older equipment but arsenals of modern guns are kept under control in the Tunis and Algiers Citadel held by the Belkan crown garrisons.
 * Borealia: A new firearm begins development to replace older rifle models. It is a five-shot, bolt-action, internal magazine-fed, rifle design (similar to the OTL Mosin–Nagant). The Liberal Party's agenda to pass pro-English reforms is stalled somewhat when a portion of the English representatives don't show up to Congress, allowing certain proposals to be shot down. As a result the main absent party, the People's Party, loses a large portion of its base, allowing the other predominately English parties, or other parties which appeal to the English, to rise in popularity. Terrorist attacks are carried out which continue to polarize the people of the nation. Due to the high troop count stated in the region more and more of these events become sloppy in their execution, leading to accidental deaths of civilians, primarily other English. The rebellious groups operating in full view, i.e. those with military equipment attempting to stage a full, armed rebellion, are defeated in a series of battles by the military. The majority of the insurgents, who operate covertly are slowly combatted with special forces trained in counterespionage and covert missions themselves. Under the pretext of helping to quell violence and overpopulation, English families are offered opportunities to move from certain cities, such as Bilzen and Koebecstad. In some cases the military begins to move people by force, leading to settlement of Avelskamp. At the same time these same cities see increased Burgundian settlement, as well as settlement by immigrants from outside the nation, and the government begins offering reduced prices on land and homes left vacant after the war or from any migrations. The CIB (centraal inlichtingenbureau) is expanded to help combat the insurgents, and beginning this year the "LEL" is momentarily splintered when government agents manage to infiltrate and cause infighting. Elsewhere certain leaders are imprisoned as well.


 * Great Empire of China–Korea: There is a delay in the Nanjing National Exhibition, as a portion of the Jade Palace collapses. Instead, its opening is delayed until 1891, next year. The batch of ships planned for commision in 1890, consisting of ten frigates, is completed this year in the Dalyeon Naval Arsenal. The Imperial Navy now consists of 74 warships, of which 54 are ironclad. There are two regional fleets: the Bohai Fleet (which has two battleships, six cruisers, eight destroyers, twenty frigates, and ten corvettes), and the Guangzhou Fleet (a single battleship, three cruisers, four destroyers, ten frigates and corvettes each). Arms production continues to grow rapidly, with bolt-action rifles (the locally-developed TJ-83s) and their carbine derivatives, field artillery (steel rifle-barrelled breechloaders), rapid-fire guns, as well as their respective ammunition being produced. The standing army remains at a million active personnel. A new model for the TJ-83 known as the Type 90, which uses smokeless powder as well as a magazine-fed mechanism (fitting up to five rounds), is made. This increases the rate of fire from eight rounds to 10–15 rounds each minute.
 * Tibet (protectorate): Civic buildings are constructed in the capital of Lhasa, which is inhabited by ~20,000 residents. Sedentary living is encouraged, with the little available arable land being intensively cultivated. Major crops include wheat and rye. A garrison of a single brigade (~5000) is stationed there, armed with Needle Rifles.
 * Altishahria (protectorate): More mining facilities are opened in Aksu, exploiting the Tarim basin's mining resources. Lucrative minerals such as soda, borax, and jade are the country's main exports to China–Korea. In addition to grains, cash crops are grown, specifically grapes, melons, pears, and walnuts. There is a ranching boom, with many former pastoralists establishing enclosures for livestock. The main product is wool (from sheep), with processing facilities established in the capital and other major cities as preparation for further processing in China–Korea's textile mills. Korla becomes Altishahria's largest city due to continuous migration and its position as a major break-of-bulk point, with a total of ~100,000 inhabitants. As a result, the Altishahr government relocates there, and various civic buildings are constructed. A garrison of two divisions (~20,000) is stationed there, armed with Needle Rifles.
 * Dzungaria (protectorate): Civic buildings are constructed in the capital of Ghulka, which is inhabited by ~20,000 residents. With the discovery of rich extensive oil deposits in the area, the government establishes the Dzungar Oil Company and begins drilling, with the aid of Sino–Korean capital and equipment. Oil refineries are built nearby and supply energy to Dzungaria itself and northwest China, and to provide kerosene (via distillation) for street lamps. A garrison of twelve divisions (~120,000) is present, armed with Needle Rifles. The bulk of this military force is stationed in the Dzungarian Gate, which is heavily fortified due to its position as the sole overland entry point into Western China.

1891
''' The LEL continue fighting but at their meeting in London they decide on a new strategy under their leader Jacob Rees- Mogg who describes his plan for a War of Long duration. They will cease constant attacking in favour of an attrition strategy. They conserve their forces by blending more with the local population and only attacking occasionaly although still launching attacks on new settlers from who provide good targets and isolated forces. The policy of abstention continues with them winning but not taking many seats. '''

''' Angered at the loss of the last war. New England, Savannah and Avalon as well as Britain all supply the LEL with weapons secretly. They also embark on major military spending programmes to update their land forces and in the case of Britain to build up a much stronger fleet. '''

''' The naval arms race grows as Britain and France both fund major new capital ship construction programmes. '''

''' The Russian economy takes an upturn with a new Minister of Finance, Denis Cheryshev who embarks on a programme of agricultural reform to strengthen individual farmers. '''


 * Borealia: In sports preparations continue for the first Olympic Games taking place next year in Attina, Belka. The new rifle design from the previous year begins production, known as the M1891. New small arms factories are opened in the north of the nation to increase production, with plans to slowly upgrade the entire army, as well as supply to Burgundy and its allies/colonies. A decrease in the number of outright attacks by rebels is noted. Garrisoned soldiers are not put their guard down, fortifying the newly created line of fortresses on the edges of the nation. Taking inspiration from the home country of Burgundy, an entire strategic defensive line is planned as an upgrade of the already existing elements. This line will start from the southern point in New Jersey, through Wilmington, across the borders of Unamia and Alleghany, and north to the Great Lakes. In the west This will mean a strategic fortress located on the banks of the riverboard near Buffelstad, another along the length of the state of Koebec, and one in northern Ontario. This is to enforce a new policy of complete defense in the case of attack. It is observed that in the few confrontations fought between our soldiers and rebellious units, that their armaments seemingly continue to increase despite our crackdown. It is hypothesized that English colonies are smuggling arms into the nation and outfitting rebels, and based on these suspicions we station border guards to monitor any movement into or out of the nation. As a show of force the garrison on the border is increased, and the navy is strengthened near New England as well. The Secretary of State issues a statement demanding that all nations immediately cease aiding rebel factions, or the nation will be forced to issue sanctions, a blockade, and perhaps even military intervention in Avalon and New England (Mod Response). Meanwhile, despite attempts by the "LEL" overall to stop orchestrating terrorist attacks, a small number continue to occur anyway by belligerent, rogue citizens. The government decides to heavily cover terrorist activity in the newspapers and other media, and in some cases even exaggerate such attacks. A propaganda campaign begins playing to people's sympathies, painting the "LEL" as barbaric and murderous. After it is discovered that four children younger than the age of eight were killed in a small attack this year, they become poster children for action against the "LEL". Slowly the forced migrations pick up steam, especially in Bilzen and Koebecstad. In Bilzen, half of the city's approximately 450,000 citizens have been relocated to Avelskamp, among other places, while another 200,000 people have migrated into the city. Additionally all across the new states entirely new communitites form, due to the government's policy of practically giving away land to Burgundians and other immigrants. The states of Koebec and Nausetia see heavy settlement especially. The navy sees heavy revamping for the first time since the war ended, including several new ships being constructed. A few older ships are sold to Vinland, and we begin helping them to train their navy.


 * Imperial Swahili Federation: We continue colonial expansion in Northern Somalia, in the south and in the Malindi and Mombasa area. Colonization increases as medicine and weaponry become more widespread. Agricultural modernization continues in Swahili. Further industrialization continues. More rail lines are constructed in Swahili, improving colonization.
 * Sefuwa: The colonies of Swahili continue development and expansion.


 * Great Empire of China–Korea: The Nanjing National Exhibition is unveiled, with the Jade Palace showcasing thousands of artifacts, paintings, and other forms of arts representing thousands of years of Chinese and Korean history. The event, which is free of charge, is warmly received by critics and is very popular among the public; in total, over a million people visited the event in its opening month. The incumbent Prime Minister, Li Hongzhang, secures his fourth term as the Prime Minister. However, the Populist Party itself splits into two: the center-left Liberal–Democratic Party (LDP) and the center-right National-Conservative Party (NCP)–of which Li Hongzhang is a member of the latter. Ma Raya releases her third studio album Music Box, which once again peaks at top of the charts. Four singles are released from the album. The first two, "Dreamlover" and "Hero" become her seventh and eighth-chart topper, while the third single reaches position number three. The Jade Shards disband after years of conflict within the group. However, the Seoul Entertainment Company debuts another girl group known as the "Jeju Girls". They release their first EP, From Jeju Island, with the single "Magic Girl" climbing from number 76 to number one and maintaining the top position for three weeks and ultimately ranking number three in year-end charts. Educational attainment rises, with increasing enrollment into imperial universities. Rapid industrialization and economic modernization continue. With the secondary sector comprising 13.4% of the total economy, China–Korea's gross industrial output is the third place only to Russia and Belka. China–Korea continues to stress the development of its light industries, as to avoid competition from Europe. In particular, the textiles and chemicals industries are emphasized. However, the infrastructural boom has induced the boom in the production of steel, machinery, locomotives, cement, and glass-making. Steel production now incorporates the open-hearth process because of its efficiency, as it avoids the issue of overexposure to air. Telecommunications and railway lines are built, which promotes connectivity between major cities and towns–which will result in the stimulation and facilitation of commerce. In light of recent changes in naval doctrine, China–Korea's naval strategists revise the Imperial Navy's composition–in particular increasing the proportion of destroyers while reducing the proportion of frigates and cruisers. However, the current cruisers will be decommissioned and replaced by armored cruisers that will be larger in size and displacement, and will have higher armament as well as side armor due to the advent of rapid-fire guns and more effective shells. In addition, the wooden-hulled corvettes, which have been reduced to auxilliary role, will be completely decommissioned. The Imperial Navy launches an ambitious program to build 30 ships by 1893. The planned ships, which will be constructed in the Dalyeon Shipyard, consists of: four armoured cruisers, sixteen destroyers and ten frigates. Arms production continues to grow rapidly, with repeating rifles and their carbine derivatives, field artillery, machine guns, and their respective ammunition being produced. The production of the "Type 83" is halted in-favor of the "Type 90", which uses smokeless powder and has a magazine-fed mechanism. The standing army remains at a million active personnel distributed among six major forts.
 * Tibet (protectorate): Civic buildings are constructed in the capital of Lhasa, which is inhabited by ~20,000 residents. Sedentary living is encouraged, with the little available arable land being intensively cultivated. Major crops include wheat and rye. A garrison of a single brigade (~5000) is stationed there, armed with excess bolt-action rifles.
 * Altishahria (protectorate): More mining facilities are opened in Aksu, exploiting the Tarim basin's mining resources. Lucrative minerals such as soda, borax, and jade are the country's main exports to China–Korea. In addition to grains, cash crops are grown, specifically grapes, melons, pears, and walnuts. There is a ranching boom, with many former pastoralists establishing enclosures for livestock. The main product is wool (from sheep), with processing facilities established in the capital and other major cities as preparation for further processing in China–Korea's textile mills. Korla becomes Altishahria's largest city due to continuous migration and its position as a major break-of-bulk point, with a total of ~150,000 inhabitants. As a result, the Altishahr government relocates there, and various civic buildings are constructed. A garrison of two divisions (~20,000) is stationed there, armed with excess bolt-action rifles.
 * Dzungaria (protectorate): Civic buildings are constructed in Ghulja, which is inhabited by 20,000 residents. The nationalized Dzungar Oil Company increases the scale of their operations in the area, constructing multiple oil mines and refineries. In addition to supplying energy to northwest China, the company also provides kerosene for street lamps as well as other industrial chemicals via distillation. A garrison of twelve divisions (~120,000) is present, armed with excess bolt-action rifles. The bulk of this military force is stationed in the Dzungarian Gate, which is heavily fortified due to its position as the sole overland entry point into Western China.
 * Belkan Empire: The Empire continues to see its development internally as its northern infrastructure projects reach completion and more thoroughly link the Carpathian, Transylvanian and Moldavian regions with the core sectors of the empire. Standing at a population of 93 million and effectively out of land to settle within the home regions, the outflow of Belkans specifically to colonies such as the Maghreb begins. Richer businessmen and aristocrats flow to colonies where their opportunities would be better and places like Macau and Hong Kong see an influx of nearly 25,000 Belkans this year. Damietta, a leased port and being close, and the hub of Belkan trade in Egypt also sees its population grow from a modest trading city and military post to the city becoming a modern Belkan city with nearly 65,000 alone this year arriving to settle in the cities underutilized and underdeveloped districts. By far, however, Belkan Maghreb sees the largest influx with nearly 150,000 settlers this year as its open lands and profitable industries make it an attractive location. The main settlement location sees itself in Tunis with Tunis Harbor starting to develop thoroughly into one of the largest ports on the African continent. With some syndicalist sympathies in the government, the Belkan Supreme Soviet extends an offer of an independence guarantee to Poland. The 1871 naval program is officially scrapped as the 1885 program is established looking to increase the Belkan navy into a force of nearly 250 ships at the cost of being able to effectively deploy a large amount of Belkan manpower. It is estimated that the effective troop strength with Belka so focused on the Navy would be 2.5 million men at peak efficiency while any further raising of troops would be of lower quality or reservists. The amassing of military and exploratory units into Belkan claims in Africa continues with nearly 10,000 men organized into exploratory missions throughout the African interior specifically hoping to map a major route from Belkan Zaire to Belkan Kanem. The Belkan government authorizes the sale of the MK1 and MK2 Needle Rifles to both Egypt and Arabia seeking to modernize its allies and those in its sphere of influence. The Belkan government officially dismantles Belkan East Asia as a unified entity and splits it into directly controlled overseas cities of Durestov and Macau and establishes separate colonial governments for Manila and Burma. Belkan construction of the Chinese ships to be delivered next year nears completion. The outbreak of Cholera looks to have killed upward of 750,000 people in its first year and its expected another 400,000 will die this year. However, a huge emergency spending measure is put down to improve sanitation across the entirety of the European empire. Belka also agrees to help Egypt with its own sanitation and disease problems.
 * Crown Colony of Zaire: Exports to Belka increase once again. However, the funds derived from them are not diverted solely into the hands of the administration. The Colony champions its first railway this year as infrastructure jobs in particular are in high demand and thousands of Zairean peoples are employed. The Administration, hoping to engender goodwill, pays them relatively well and hopes they will purchase consumer goods and improve their lives significantly. This is explored further as Belkan architect-style housing is constructed in an affordable way for those subjects who can afford it in New Thessograd - as well as in various Zairean cities. They don't fill up dramatically but their purpose is clear, the Zairean people are not to be treated as exploitable subjects but as valuable members of the empire. This is not entirely seen as positive as many agree that the Belkans are ruthless colonial oppressors but nothing can be done against them. The exploration up the Congo River continues as does expansion. Zaire's first railway is constructed from a major rubber producing site to its largest interior city and then to Novo Thessograd on the coast expanding the rubber boom further. The Colony of Zaire is allowed a colonial milita force of roughly 30,000 with reserves of 400,000 able to be recruited as the Belkan military garrison begins to follow the same policies as Belkan Maghreb.
 * Crown Colony of Gabon: As of this year the Belkan military administration is dismantled in favor of a colonial administration and Gabon sees a proper census this year noting to contain roughly 1.2 million people within the colony. Various infrastructural projects are implemented as it seeks to connect many of the towns and cities. In order to bring some goodwill between the natives and the small Belkan administrative presence, gifts of modern consumer goods are brought to make the peoples' lives easier. Many are even employed with decent pay as they are given heavy incentives to abandon their tribal lifestyles. Exploration along the interior continues and claims and treaties are made with natives.
 * Dependency of Kanem: The Kanem dependency this year sees further development as a well traveled and developed route through the Sahara is built up. The Belkan investment of and shipping in of some industrial machines increases the relative output which sees its resources exported somewhat and in many other cases used to purchase consumer goods in mass numbers, further fueling the Belkan consumer goods industry at home. The Belkan administration begins to explore and stake claims to the surrounding region from Kanem. The region's population begins to boom as a result of the influx of surplus food from the Saharan trade route - which sees the beginning of the railway being constructed. The discovery of gold in Kanem sparks a rush of investment. This does, however, see the tertiary opening of multiple cement factories in Kanem's capital which attract workers due to the high pay. The railway from Kanem's capital to the Maghrebi city of Tunis continues. Expansion south and west begins with a major claim being staked on the deserts to the west and now lands to the east and south.
 * Governate of Manila: The Governate of Manila now officially split off as its own separate colonial entity is able to more effectively capitalize on its resources and population. Interestingly enough, Manila has seen a rapid and dynamic industrialization as its connection into the Belkan system and its status as Belka's model colony has seen it gain the vast majority of East Asian investment, settlement and attention. With a population now reaching 17 million the influx of industrialization into Manila sees a push in its population which begins to boom with access to modern medicine, technology, new railways and transport, and the official abolition of the feudal system in Manila in favor of a provincial system centered around the well-defended triplicate of colonial governing sites on the main islands.
 * Governate of Burma: The governate of Burma becomes known as the "mountain of jewels" to the Belkan empire as its extraction of precious gems becomes known all across the empire and even the world. Its cities begin to more fully and effectively urbanize in the face of Belkan modernization attempts, and the building of industry under Belkan ownership sees the colony become much more profitable.
 * Crown Colony of Maghreb: The Maghrebi colony - with authorization from the homeland - begins offering Maghrebis who serve in civil service and military service citizenship of the empire, refusing to deny them citizenship over trivial matters of their ethnic background. They would be learning culture and language from the Belkan civic and armed services. The textile factories within the colony continue to expand as Belkan immigrants and Maghrebi civilians continue to move into working there. The Tunis-Kanem Railway is put under construction as various retaining and reclamation structures throughout the desert are erected and the railway between both colonies begins construction it reaches completion this year as the two colonial capitals are officially linked overland. Other railways are also constructed radiating out from Algiers and Tunis which wants to connect the two cities and push into the Libyan desert to the east as well. The need for a colonial army becomes apparent - and funded by domestic budget, the Maghrebi colonial army is formed around a force of 50,000 with a large reserve of nearly 300,000 that can be conscripted within a short period. They are trained with older equipment but arsenals of modern guns are kept under control in the Tunis and Algiers Citadel held by the Belkan crown garrisons.


 * FS of Arcadia: Dwuamish Habour begin to expanding: With many industries advancing of them: shipbuilding, Agricultural Tech, Book manufacturing and Communication. With Communications being mostly telegram service and the building of the infrastructure for them. The biggest Communication Company Being Petrov Co, which is a company of Russian origins with it being created from small companies who sold their company after the independence of the FSA due to them not being to handle the border taxes. Petrov Co being in many deals to Russian Arcadian companies helping its rule in the Northern FSA. The company does not have many clients in the south due to the distance and the operation costs being high for companies. The Book manufacturing market is also thriving due to the influence of Unser Eigentum (our property) due to many discussing its philosophy and themes. One of the helping reason making it thrive is that it when a paper gets published it gets translated quite soon into other languages which then also get reprints and sometimes explained better. Sometimes the native language does offer a challenge due to its difficulty. This makes translators very sought after in some communities of veterae who do not always know all European languages. The election results show a change in who is perceived as a president. With a very young lawyer from a rural farmers family. His name being Helmut Fischer and being only 25 years old. His Father did have great effects on him, his father being a member of the Bergsorbien and Federal parliament. Helmut, being member of the Republican party, although also liked by other parties. Helmut plans on making the navy stronger and industry more efficient and bringing it to his native state of Bergsorbien.


 * Kingdom of Burgundy: The last battleship of the Austrasien-class, the SMS Graf Roosevelt, is laid down this year under an accelerated building schedule to catch her up with her sisters. Four battleships - the SMS Köln of the Austrasien-class, and the SMS Holland, SMS Jaymaika, and SMS Ostfriesland of the Holland-class - are launched this year, two from private shipbuilding companies. Already, however, the successor to the Hollands, for now dubbed the Ersatz Verwoester-class while it's in the design phase, is under planning. The new class looks to take advantage of the recent introduction of Harvey armor, and the first keel laying is planned for 1893. In other news, Grand Admiral Graf Hendrijk vun Lure retires, and Admiral Vincent Eikenboom is named Grand Admiral. A veteran of the Great European War, the War of the Rhine, and the Commonwealth War, he recognizes the influence torpedo boats have had on battles such as the Battle of Sicily, and as such decided the Navy needs to create some sort of counter to those that will be fielded by other navies. On land, the States-General authorizes a modernization of the border fortifications along the Franco-Burgundian border, bringing them up to able to resist modern artillery. In the New World, the Navy deploys monitors and gunboats to the border of Maryland and Savannah as patrol, and by the end of the year several shipments of arms have been intercepted. In the legislature, by now those representatives who have refused to take their seats have been replaced by their runner ups. Most of those runner ups are willing to work within the Maryland political structure to secure their goals. George Albert Lee continues to act as the de facto leader of the pro-English faction in the Maryland legislature. Angered by League collaborators actively refusing to support him and his allies as they try to improve their lives, he travels around, showing them pictures of dead families (including children), some Burgundian, some English, but all killed in League attacks for simply being in the wrong place at the wrong time. As a result of his campaign, his pro-negotiation faction gains support among the English population. He begins pressuring the Marylander prime minister, even going so far as writing to Queen Viktoria, and by the end of the year, the Marylander prime minister (pushed in the direction by Viktoria) agrees to form a Crown Committee to negotiate an all-encompassing English Rights Act.
 * Republica Ibérica: The population is estimated to be 47.21 million. Literacy rates in Iberia continue to climb steadily, especially among the young. Strong economic growth over the last 70 years have contributed to a growing middle-class in Iberia. The rise of public education and universities led to a scientific boom as research and development become major sources of prestige for the universities. In Madrid, Herrero Autoworks develops the first Iberian Motorized Carriage. Sales remain limited to wealthy industrialists, mostly as a sign of status. High international demand and the huge government contract for ships means that the shipyards of Catalonia remain busy. Welding expertise drives innovative designs and advances in the shipbuilding industry. The shipyards of Catalonia continue work on the Navarre-Class. Six of these ships are ordered for delivery in 1892. Meanwhile, another six Veloz-Class Protected Cruisers are ordered for the same year. The Model 1886 Garzo-Rosel Machine Gun continues its deployment.
 * Republica de Morocco: The national census estimates the population to be 8.66 million. The economy of Morocco continues to grow rapidly due to Iberian investment and technical aid. Wages hover at just about 80% of those in Iberia, but are rising. The steel industry expands rapidly as does the rail network. Phosphate production becomes a major sector of the Moroccan economy as does the synthesis of phosphorus fertilizer. Agricultural mechanization along with water conservation and management projects led to aggressive growth in the agricultural sector. Reformist Maghrebi Islam spreads with government support. Meanwhile, the educational reforms of the previous few years have contributed to rising literacy.
 * Dependencia de Algeria: Expansion into the desert continues along old trade routes with nomads employed as guides. The Iberian Government places high priority on this expansion and efforts are made to expedite it. The population of Algeria reaches 5.12 million inhabitants of Iberian Algeria, and of these, 1.6 million are European. Algerian migration to Morocco continues en masse to escape the poverty of interior Algeria.. The interior economy remains very poor with limited adoption of modern technology. Meanwhile, along the coast and in Mostaganem there is rapid development as European migrants begin implementing modern farming, manufacturing and financial methods from their homes.
 * Antillas Ibéricas: The colony continues to enjoy the profits of salt and sugar production. Educational reforms spread as the government promotes literacy and basic mathematics.
 * Indias Orientales Ibéricas: The colony continues to enjoy the profits of spice and rubber production. Educational reforms spread as the government promotes literacy and basic mathematics.
 * República Africana Ibérica: The republic continues expansion efforts along the Sahel north of the French holdings in West Africa. Gold and other minerals constitute the major economic sector in Senegay. Aluminium production grows this year and port facilities are modernized to facilitate its export.

1892
''' The LEL keep fighting on in a limited fashion with the support of locals regardless of how much the governments accuse them of being mean. '''

''' Rudolf Diesel patents the Diesel engine. '''

''' The machine gun begins to be adopted in greater numbers by Prussia and France. '''

''' Brésil and FS of Arcadia see a rise in immigration from Europe as people look for peaceful areas with the end of really miserable stuff like cholera outbreaks. '''

Denis Cheryshev starts his reform by ending the open field system encouraging enclosures by taxing open field system, removing the Mir, allowing peasants to access low interest loans and tax reductions for those participating in agricultural collectives or using modern techniques.  
 * OOC Aztlan: Whelp, totally missed the last turn. Sorry, and by four minutes, too!)
 * Aztlan: The government offers today's equivalent of $30 million to both belligerents in Arcadia to restore the continent's original peace. (PLAYER RESPONSE) Meanwhile, it patiently awaits the response of Providence in the Baja deal, as the people of Providence have not yet replied. (MOD RESPONSE) Also, a measure to reinstate the Nicaragua Canal plans may go to the ballot in 1894.
 * FS of Arcadia: Esquilo Party holds a peaceful march into Mzer. This is meant to show their pride with their electoral success they had. The march had much of old Mzerkan Symboly. They marched with banners of the old Empire of California, many also had simplified royal seals on an arm band. The Esquilo weren't afraid to use the heads of animals as part as their uniform and they made some uniforms in the style of Iberian and Sinkyone warriors. Republicans hold feasts in the name of their victory in the elections although they do see that they have lost some votes. They see that the FSA will have many parties with slightly different aims that will have to work together in so-called coalitions. The Propetarians also go into government although it is harder to who is one and who isn't due to them prefering to work with the system so long as it benefits them. At the same time, many people welcome the new immigrants into their states. The immigrants help the states of Bergsorbien and Küstenland the most even if the least come there but due to the low population of the states even those small numbers help these federated states a lot. For the rest, most immigrants chose to go to the place that best fits their skills with administrators, lawyers and bankers going to Lucentium and California. Harbour workers and people from coastal regions going to Saliya and Saskatchewan with them helping the habours there with building ships for the new Federated States Ship(s). With their help the industry in these regions starts to fully bloom with a new modern ship being the holy grail of shipbuilding - the FSS Richardo with it having one of the most modern engines, cannons and armour thickness. Although the holy grail of the FSA, navy it does have the problem of being a resource-consuming ship for its size and quality.


 * Kingdom of Burgundy: In total, eight battleships are launched this year - the remaining seven of the Austrasien-class, and SMS Herzog Jean de Furchtlos, the last of the Holland-class - and it is scheduled for SMS Austrasien, the first of them, to be commissioned into the navy next year. In preparation for their commissioning, the battleships Sint Sigismund and Elisabeth de Eisen are moved to the III Battle Squadron in the Mediterranean Fleet, and SMS Skagerrak, SMS Ostend, and SMS Sizilien (the ex-HMS Johnson) are transferred to the High Seas Fleet’s II Battle Squadron. Meanwhile, Captain Alfred Mahan publishes his book, “Influence of Seapower Upon History”, detailing how control of the seas influenced the fortunes of various powers, including Burgundy. He also concludes that a navy can best achieve naval superiority by defeating its foe in a climatic, decisive battle, from which it can carry on to blockade the enemy nation, and force its submission. The book is an immediate hit among Burgundian naval theorists, and is read aloud in the States-General to help sway votes in favor of continued naval expansion.
 * Empire of Brésil: The two shipyards are complete, and Théodore authorizes a naval armament program, to commence next year. Industry is booming, as immigrant communities form and offer cheap labor for enterprising industrialists.
 * Republica Ibérica: The population is estimated to be 47.45 million. Literacy rates in Iberia continue to climb steadily, especially among the young. Strong economic growth over the last 70 years have contributed to a growing middle-class in Iberia. The rise of public education and universities led to a scientific boom as research and development become major sources of prestige for the universities. In Madrid, Herrero Autoworks continues production of its Model 1891 Motor Carriage. Work on another design is completed this year with sales beginning next year. High international demand and the huge government contract for ships means that the shipyards of Catalonia remain busy. Welding expertise drives innovative designs and advances in the shipbuilding industry. The six Veloz-Class Protected Cruisers and the six Navarre-Class Battleships are launched this year. Facing the new naval race, it is clear that Iberia must increase its naval capacity. Plans for another major expansion are drafted. Because of the recent capital ship purchases, it is determined that the republic needs more cruisers. 16 Lisbon-Class Armored Cruisers are ordered for 1895, as well as another 12 Model 1892 Frigates. The Model 1886 Garzo-Rosel Machine Gun continues its deployment.
 * Republica de Morocco: The national census estimates the population to be 8.92 million. The economy of Morocco continues to grow rapidly due to Iberian investment and technical aid. Wages hover at just about 80% of those in Iberia, but are rising. The steel industry expands rapidly as does the rail network. Phosphate production becomes a major sector of the Moroccan economy as does the synthesis of phosphorus fertilizer. Agricultural mechanization along with water conservation and management projects led to aggressive growth in the agricultural sector. Reformist Maghrebi Islam spreads with government support. Meanwhile, the educational reforms of the previous few years have contributed to rising literacy.
 * Dependencia de Algeria: Expansion into the desert continues along old trade routes with nomads employed as guides. The Iberian Government places high priority on this expansion and efforts are made to expedite it. The population of Algeria reaches 5.19 million inhabitants of Iberian Algeria, and of these, 1.75 million are European. Algerian migration to Morocco continues en masse to escape the poverty of interior Algeria.. The interior economy remains very poor with limited adoption of modern technology. Meanwhile, along the coast and in Mostaganem there is rapid development as European migrants begin implementing modern farming, manufacturing, and financial methods from their homes.
 * Antillas Ibéricas: The colony continues to enjoy the profits of salt and sugar production. Educational reforms spread as the government promotes literacy and basic mathematics.
 * Indias Orientales Ibéricas: The colony continues to enjoy the profits of spice and rubber production. Educational reforms spread as the government promotes literacy and basic mathematics.
 * República Africana Ibérica: The republic continues expansion efforts along the Sahel north of the French holdings in West Africa. Gold and other minerals constitute the major economic sector in Senegay. Aluminium production grows this year and port facilities are modernized to facilitate its export.
 * Russia: With cholera reaching the European heartland, new medical practices are used in order to try to contain the outbreak; the Russian government subsidizes and encourages new medicinal research to curb the effects of the outbreak. Meanwhile, overseas, the Russian government intervenes in the RHIC's affairs, sending 20 Russian ironclads to blockade Honolulu harbor until the Hawaiian government accepts the RHIC's offer.
 * Belkan Empire: As the empire finished more of its construction projects a more dedicated effort is made in naval and arms technology specifically the mass mobilization of the Machine gun into the Belkan army. Playing off of Belkas highly Defensible borders the forts are modernized to begin implementing the Machine gun. The Railway system of the Empire is also effectively as modern as is could possibly be and hence much of the infrastructural development heads into Africa and Asia looking to build up Belkas colonial holdings and make it easier for the nation to effectively transport raw materials, manpower, and others goods throughout the empire.
 * Crown Colony of Zaire: Exports to Belka increase once again. However, the funds derived from them are not diverted solely into the hands of the administration. The Colony champions its first railway this year as infrastructure jobs in particular are in high demand and thousands of Zairean peoples are employed. The Administration, hoping to engender goodwill, pays them relatively well and hopes they will purchase consumer goods and improve their lives significantly. This is explored further as Belkan architect-style housing is constructed in an affordable way for those subjects who can afford it in New Thessograd - as well as in various Zairean cities. They don't fill up dramatically but their purpose is clear, the Zairean people are not to be treated as exploitable subjects but as valuable members of the empire. This is not entirely seen as positive as many agree that the Belkans are ruthless colonial oppressors but nothing can be done against them. The exploration up the Congo River continues as does expansion. Zaire's first railway is constructed from a major rubber producing site to its largest interior city and then to Novo Thessograd on the coast expanding the rubber boom further. The Colony of Zaire is allowed a colonial milita force of roughly 30,000 with reserves of 400,000 able to be recruited as the Belkan military garrison begins to follow the same policies as Belkan Maghreb.
 * Crown Colony of Gabon: As of this year the Belkan military administration is dismantled in favor of a colonial administration and Gabon sees a proper census this year noting to contain roughly 1.2 million people within the colony. Various infrastructural projects are implemented as it seeks to connect many of the towns and cities. In order to bring some goodwill between the natives and the small Belkan administrative presence, gifts of modern consumer goods are brought to make the peoples' lives easier. Many are even employed with decent pay as they are given heavy incentives to abandon their tribal lifestyles. Exploration along the interior continues and claims and treaties are made with natives.
 * Dependency of Kanem: The Kanem dependency this year sees further development as a well traveled and developed route through the Sahara is built up. The Belkan investment of and shipping in of some industrial machines increases the relative output which sees its resources exported somewhat and in many other cases used to purchase consumer goods in mass numbers, further fueling the Belkan consumer goods industry at home. The Belkan administration begins to explore and stake claims to the surrounding region from Kanem. The region's population begins to boom as a result of the influx of surplus food from the Saharan trade route - which sees the beginning of the railway being constructed. The discovery of gold in Kanem sparks a rush of investment. This does, however, see the tertiary opening of multiple cement factories in Kanem's capital which attract workers due to the high pay. The railway from Kanem's capital to the Maghrebi city of Tunis continues. Expansion south and west begins with a major claim being staked on the deserts to the west and now lands to the east and south.
 * Governate of Manila: The Governate of Manila now officially split off as its own separate colonial entity is able to more effectively capitalize on its resources and population. Interestingly enough, Manila has seen a rapid and dynamic industrialization as its connection into the Belkan system and its status as Belka's model colony has seen it gain the vast majority of East Asian investment, settlement and attention. With a population now reaching 17 million the influx of industrialization into Manila sees a push in its population which begins to boom with access to modern medicine, technology, new railways and transport, and the official abolition of the feudal system in Manila in favor of a provincial system centered around the well-defended triplicate of colonial governing sites on the main islands.
 * Governate of Burma: The governate of Burma becomes known as the "mountain of jewels" to the Belkan empire as its extraction of precious gems becomes known all across the empire and even the world. Its cities begin to more fully and effectively urbanize in the face of Belkan modernization attempts, and the building of industry under Belkan ownership sees the colony become much more profitable.
 * Crown Colony of Maghreb: The Maghrebi colony - with authorization from the homeland - begins offering Maghrebis who serve in civil service and military service citizenship of the empire, refusing to deny them citizenship over trivial matters of their ethnic background. They would be learning culture and language from the Belkan civic and armed services. The textile factories within the colony continue to expand as Belkan immigrants and Maghrebi civilians continue to move into working there. The Tunis-Kanem Railway is put under construction as various retaining and reclamation structures throughout the desert are erected and the railway between both colonies begins construction it reaches completion this year as the two colonial capitals are officially linked overland. Other railways are also constructed radiating out from Algiers and Tunis which wants to connect the two cities and push into the Libyan desert to the east as well. The need for a colonial army becomes apparent - and funded by domestic budget, the Maghrebi colonial army is formed around a force of 50,000 with a large reserve of nearly 300,000 that can be conscripted within a short period. They are trained with older equipment but arsenals of modern guns are kept under control in the Tunis and Algiers Citadel held by the Belkan crown garrisons.
 * Borealia: This time the first Olympic Games take place in Attina, Belka, and prove to be a major success. Although mostly attended by European nations and a few other western nations, the International Olympic Committee hopes that the event will inspire future growth over the years. The next games is scheduled for 1896, and the committee hopes to have Paris, France host. Work continues to integrate the English population of the nation, and also resettle areas of the nation. The navy undergoes upgrading, as newer ships replace those sold or lost in recent conflicts. On land the army continues to be upgraded with the recently created rifle, which are now being massed produced, and also new machine guns. There is an industrial boom, largely in part to the floodgates being opened on railroads, coal mining, and factory creation in the newly created states. Pietersburg, Allegheny becomes a center of industry, and one of the largest coal and steel producing cities in the world, along with such cities as Borselen.

1893
''' The LEL contuine to resist even where they have been resettled to but also fighting within the country. Terror attacks become more common attacks on railways becoming more common by planting explosives under the tracks and setting them off when trains pass over causing derailment. '''

''' Britain begins on a major naval expansion programme commissioning 12 capital ships to overtake Burgundy by 1900 if it can. '''

''' In Russia, the massive enclosures act leads to massive rural unemployment and so to alleviate this zones are opened up in Siberia and with government support three million this year alone begin to move out east to various areas where agriculture is viable. This is all done via enclosures and modernised farming. '''

''' The Temperance League is formed in Brésil which is a group of religiously minded middle-class activists arguing for prohibition. '''

''' The Burgundian general staff begins a feud between its Army and Naval elements both of which are vying for the majority of the military budget which is shown to be extremely constrained as the neccessity to focus on either the Army or the Navy becomes apparent. '''


 * Vinland: Prime Minister Anton Gustavson resigns after a corruption scandal. He is replaced by Ella Person, the first female prime minister of Vinland.


 * This is 1893.
 * Kingdom of Egypt: King Muhammad Ali III proves to be very popular among the Egyptian people, as he instates democracy in Egypt. Though the press has been liberalized and can be critical of the government, they still can’t be too harsh on the king, and instead, the press just praise his political achievements, but don’t go to over-the-top with the praise due to the ban on any government or royal figure making a cult of personality around himself. With the cholera outbreak being contained and defeated, the king and prime minister gain much praise, and celebrations commence throughout the major cities, and smaller, private parties have been reported in villages. The victims of cholera are mourned, and a graveyard is made specifically for those who perished from the plague. The prime minister is Bob Al-Hussein of the Liberal “National Party”. We continue to expand our major population centers such as Alexandria, Giza and Alia. We continue to grow cotton and sell it to Belka, Iberia and Burgundy, along with tobacco, papyrus and flux, in exchange for weapons and of course, money. A monument is constructed outside of Damietta, that shows the pictures of current monarchs of Belka, Egypt and Arabia, with their respective flags being flown above their portraits, with a quote saying “Three Cheers to this everlasting friendship!”. King Muhammad Ali III visits a Coptic Church in southern Egypt, and becomes a major thing, and is talked about a lot in the media. After his tour, he makes a speech saying “As Egyptians, brothers and sisters, we should not let religion define our nation! We should let the Egyptian identity define who we are, and the achievements as a people, and as a nation. Egypt has been the seat of many religions, including Coptic Christianity, and instead of denouncing those times, we should drink to it! For my Christian brothers in southern Egypt, I say cheers to you, Comrades!”
 * Kingdom of Burgundy: the first of the battleships built under the new naval expansion are commissioned. SMS Austrasien, along with the SMS Holland, SMS Herzog Jean de Furchtlos, and SMS Ostfriesland (the three completed ships of the Holland-class), form the new I Division, I Battle Squadron of the High Seas Fleet. The Austrasien-class battleships Namur, Herzog Philippe de Gutt, Köln, Kales, and Metz, meanwhile, form the II Division of the same Battle Squadron. The last two of the Austrasien-class, SMS Graf Roosevelt and SMS Loutrengen, and the last ship of the Holland-class, SMS Jaymaika, are nearing their own commissionings, and are scheduled to join the fleet next year. Meanwhile, the keel of the first of the new Vaud-class battleships, SMS Gülich, with six of her sisters scheduled to be laid down next year. Also commissioned is the SMS Z-1, the first ship designated as a “torpedo boat destroyer”. Small, fast, and cheap, her, and the five others like her commissioned this year, are meant to screen the battle fleet and ward off enemy torpedo boats. In the Mediterranean, while on a routine exersize, the SMS Elisabeth de Eisen of the III Battle Squadron, recently transferred from the High Seas Fleet, is accidentally rammed by SMS Texel. The older battleships’ ram tears a hole in Elisabeth de Eisens bow, and watertight compartments are slow to be closed, causing the battleship to capsize and sink, taking 140 of her 400 crew with her. The captains of both battleships are sacked for negligence following a court of inquiry. In light of the rapprochement between France and the Rhineland, and the heightened tensions with England, it is decided that the Navy will carry the bulk of the military budget for the foreseeable future, although the Army’s modernization of the western border fortifications is funded by way of an infrastructure act through to 1900. In Maryland, the new round of elections are held, and the results see the pro-negotiation English representatives largely retain their seats against pro-absention candidates. It is believed that those choosing to vote disapprove of the way their representatives refused to serve the constituents that elected them, instead choosing the more moderate candidates who choose to work from within the system. This brings momentum to George Albert Lee’s campaign, bolstering his pro-negotiation faction, by now called the Legislaturists, allowing progress to be made on the English Rights Bill. However, tragedy strikes in November when a train carrying members of Lee’s faction is derailed by a League terrorist attack. Of the delegations members, several are killed, including Lee himself. Several Burgundian representatives, onboard for negotiations for the Rights Bill, are also killed. The League's murder of a man actively fighting to advance the rights of Englishmen in Maryland stuns many, and already feelings against the League harden further, as Lee had built a reputation as a reasonable man who believed in his cause. English-speaking people in the southern and western portions of the annexed lands, strong points of Legislaturist support, hold large vigils in remembrance of the man. Negotiations are put on hold as it is announced that Queen Viktoria will be visiting the Maryland legislature in January to discuss recent events.
 * Nice try.
 * Pro-reform English representatives suffer a serious lack of legitimacy because the turnout in the elections is very low, as more people support the LEL's methods and objectives.


 * FS of Arcadia: The German language begins to overtake Russian as the main language although most of the time it isn't a new first language - rather, a language learned alongside their primary language. German also begins to be used often as an administrative language. If there is a large German speaking minority there then it will be primarly be written in German. When it isn't the primary language it often gets translated into German as part of the document or as a translation. The population booms in the nation which brings along many new ideas and philosophies. With these new immigrants there comes a discussion with the propertarians if their ideals should be implemented through peaceful means or revolutionary and waring means. Most of the people believe in the idea of peaceful transfer which over time their ideals will be implemented. At the moment, these ideas live next to each other with them believing that they will see the solution when it is needed.The Shipyard of New constantinople also begins to make plans to improve it and to make bridge over to the other side of the city.The expension of the habour being one of improving the light houses and get parts of the abour face the ocea for bigger ships so that they won't be hindered.


 * Republica Ibérica: The population is estimated to be 47.92 million. Literacy rates in Iberia continue to climb steadily, especially among the young. Strong economic growth over the last seventy years have contributed to a growing middle-class in Iberia. The rise of public education and universities lead to a scientific boom as research and development become major sources of prestige for the universities. These developments have allowed Iberian innovation to finally catch up to much of Western Europe. The 1893 model, the Herrero I, is produced this year, with more widespread sales. The shipyards of Catalonia, now regarded as some of the best in the world quickly begin construction of the Lisbon-Class and Model 1892 Frigates. The construction is quick thanks to the expertise of the shipbuilders, and by years end 14 of the ships are either nearing completion or are under construction. The Model 1886 Garzo-Rosel Machine Gun continues its deployment, by now most all units are equipped with the gun. 1000 of the Machine Guns are exported to the Moroccan Army to strengthen it to relatively European levels.
 * Republica de Morocco: The national census estimates the population to be 9.09 million. The economy of Morocco continues to grow rapidly due to Iberian investment and technical aid. Wages hover at just about 81% of those in Iberia, but are rising. The steel industry expands rapidly as does the rail network. Phosphate production develops as a major sector of the Moroccan economy as does the synthesis of phosphorus fertilizer. Agricultural mechanization along with water conservation and management projects lead to aggressive growth in the agricultural sector. Reformist Maghrebi Islam spreads with government support. Meanwhile, the educational reforms of the previous few years have contributed to rising literacy. With literacy and education on the rise, Iberian becomes a common second language, and a major language of commerce in Morocco. Although it is not part of the mandatory curriculum, many Moroccans voluntarily learn it through classes offered after school.
 * Dependencia de Algeria: The population of Algeria reaches 5.35 million, and of these, 1.9 million are European. Algerian migration to Morocco continues en masse to escape the poverty of interior Algeria. The interior economy remains very poor with limited adoption of modern technology. Meanwhile, along the coast and in Mostaganem there is rapid development as European migrants implement modern farming, manufacturing, and financial methods from their homes.
 * Antillas Ibéricas: The colony continues to enjoy the profits of salt and sugar production. Educational reforms spread as the government promotes literacy and basic mathematics.
 * Indias Orientales Ibéricas: The colony continues to enjoy the profits of spice and rubber production. Educational reforms spread as the government promotes literacy and basic mathematics.
 * República Africana Ibérica: The republic continues expansion efforts along the Sahel north of the French holdings in West Africa. Gold and other minerals constitute the major economic sector in Senegay. Aluminium production grows this year and port facilities are modernized to facilitate its export.


 * Great Empire of China–Korea: Li Hongzhang's third term ends, and Chancellor Jin Yujun, a member of the Liberal–Democratic Party is elected into office, securing about ~59% of the popular vote (with a voter turnout of 55%). As part of his egalitarian political platform, he improves the working conditions of blue-collar workers and increases minimum wages. However, the legislative bill – which seeks to establish a limited form of social welfare and a national pension system – is shot down by conservative elements within the Grand Secretariat. The imperial universities begin to be the site of political activism, with the enrollment of those of middle-class background. The growing urban areas continue to be at the forefront of cultural development, with the popularity of European-influenced art forms and music genres. The Jeju Girls release their first album, Flowers in Jeolla after two years of hiatus. Songs from their first extended play, From Jeju Islands, are included. Their lead single, "A-ing", also sees commercial success, peaking at number one. Their style of speaking, which sounds like modernized adaptations of Chinese folk songs, is known as "trot" and becomes popular among an older demographic. Ma Raya sings a Mandarin rendition of the Sino–Korean National Anthem, "Son and Daughters of Heaven", which debuts at music charts at number 14, but eventually rising to number one and maintaining that position for fourteen weeks. Its popularity echoes the rising nationalist sentiment among the Chinese and Koreans. With the success of the Nanjing National Exhibition, the Jade Palace is left as a public museum, with free admission during weekdays. Educational attainment rises, with increasing enrollment into imperial universities. Rapid industrialization and economic modernization continue. China–Korea continues to specialize in the production of textiles and synthetic dyes, as well as steel, machinery, constructional materials, and transport equipment – due to the infrastructural boom triggered by urbanization. Commercial shipbuilding also expands, with private shipyards now building steamships with metal (instead of wooden) hulls. Telecommunications and railway lines are built, which promotes connectivity between major cities and towns–which will result in the stimulation and facilitation of commerce. The Imperial Navy decide against the construction of corvettes and torpedo boats as advocated by the Jeune-École doctrine of Puissance, as it is determined that such ships would lack sufficient endurance and range to have the capability to defend the country's large, expansive coastline. Instead, the Imperial Navy decides to focus on the construction of destroyers, which are larger and longer-ranged, to dispose of/and defend against the escorts of the enemy's battle fleet. The Grand Secretariat approves a naval bill which seeks to construct 82 ships by 1900, as well as allocate funds for the purchase of more battleships. The navy is currently at 81 ships, consisting of three battleships, four armored cruisers, nine cruisers, twenty-eight destroyers, and forty frigates. The twenty wooden-hulled corvettes are decommissioned, after nearly eighteen years of service. However, instead of being broken apart they are sent to the Jade Palace to be displayed as museum ships. Arms production continues to grow rapidly, with repeating rifles and their carbine derivatives, field artillery, machine guns, and their respective ammunition being produced. The standing army remains at a million active personnel, with the ability to field two million more, albeit many with the outdated Type 83.
 * Tibet (protectorate): Civic buildings are constructed in the capital of Lhasa, which is inhabited by ~20,000 residents. Sedentary living is encouraged, with the little available arable land being intensively cultivated. Major crops include wheat and rye. A garrison of a single brigade (~5000) is stationed there, armed with excess bolt-action rifles.
 * Altishahria (protectorate): More mining facilities are opened in Aksu, exploiting the Tarim basin's mining resources. Lucrative minerals such as soda, borax and jade are the country's main exports to China–Korea. In addition to grains, cash crops are grown, specifically grapes, melons, pears, and walnuts. There is a ranching boom, with many former pastoralists establishing enclosures for livestock. The main product is wool (from sheep), with processing facilities established in the capital and other major cities as preparation for further processing in China–Korea's textile mills. Korla becomes Altishahria's largest city due to continuous migration and its position as a major break-of-bulk point, with a total of ~150,000 inhabitants. As a result, the Altishahr government relocates there, and various civic buildings are constructed. A garrison of two divisions (~20,000) is stationed there, armed with excess bolt-action rifles.
 * Dzungaria (protectorate): Civic buildings are constructed in Ghulja, which is inhabited by 20,000 residents. The nationalized Dzungar Oil Company increases the scale of their operations in the area, constructing multiple oil mines and refineries. In addition to supplying energy to northwest China, the company also provides kerosene for street lamps as well as other industrial chemicals via distillation. A garrison of 12 divisions (~120,000) is present, armed with excess bolt-action rifles. The bulk of this military force is stationed in the Dzungarian Gate, which is heavily fortified due to its position as the sole overland entry point into Western China.
 * Belkan Empire: The economy of the empire remains strong and dynamic with strategic resources abundant,  and the industry the most powerful in the world, the research into further naval technology continues with certain projects coming to be promising. The Army continues large scale adoption of machine guns and the new bolt action rifles as well as more modern artillery which looks to be produced in Abundance. Three Battleships ordered by the Chinese are officially delivered as per the agreement. Settlements in colonies like Maghreb vontinue with lots of room for growth. (sorry, not a lot of time to post doing job stuff and interviews)
 * Borealia: Work continues to integrate the English population of the nation, and also resettle areas of the nation. The navy undergoes upgrading, as newer ships replace those sold or lost in recent conflicts. On land the army continues to be upgraded with the recently created rifle, which are now being massed produced, and also new machine guns. There is an industrial boom, largely in part to the floodgates being opened on railroads, coal mining, and factory creation in the newly created states. Pietersburg, Allegheny becomes a center of industry, and one of the largest coal and steel producing cities in the world, along with such cities as Borselen. The full strategic line that began construction in previous years is completed and heavily manned. Officially, to curb overpopulation in newly created states, the government begins a policy of relocating children to new Burgundian families, with subsidies being provided to families that adopt these orphans. The attacks on railroads inadvertedly continue to harm English people, especially since a large portion of people using the railways in the south are the English being resettled. Englishmen are hired to rebuild their railways in these areas. As the English nations on the continent have not cease supplying arms to the rebels within our territory, we are forced to take action. More border guards are placed at every entry into the nation, with instructions to search all people coming and going. Any financial or material aid that we are sending to the nations as per the Treaty of New Gwynedd is immediately canceled, with shipments of raw materials to them now being prohibited entirely. The nations' access to important rivers is closed. The nation's navy enforces a blockade in these regions. We again reiterate that if foreign aid is discovered in "LEL" possession we will have no choice but to take military action.

1894
''' The LEL continue to receive supplies from the Anglophone world. In New England elections the National party advocating Arcadian Anglophone unification, revanchism and high military spending win enough seats to enter into a coalition. While the government does not request unification or make claims to revanchism it increases defence spending and begins incorporating machine guns some of which end up with the LEL. '''

''' France joins the naval arms race with plans to construct eight battleships by the end of the century. '''

''' In Egypt, as the King does loads of random liberal stuff, some hard line Muslims begin pogroms against Christians and the Christians are annoyed at the King for indirectly causing this. '''

''' The LEL continue their war of resistance which to make clear is not actually that signifcant in Maryland and is a larger issue in Bilzen and the northern Borelian regions. They target anyone moving onto their lands and a lot of people are scared to move in knowing it will make them a target. Those sent into force the Anglos to resettle are attacked often. '''

''' In Russia, millions more continue to move out to Siberia with another two million this year while the populations of Moscow, Kiev and St Petersburg grow rapidly as well as mines out in the Urals. '''

''' Brésil sees one of its archbishops join the Temperance League and become a leader in it asking the pope to support him which he refuses to do. '''

''' A book is written in France by some lawyer/anarchist/writer Jean luc Picard denouncing the Catholic church for corruption and organisation and attempting to incite violence against the church. His book spreads and an argument develops within the church and governments around the world as to whether his inflammatory book should be allowed to be published. ''' Vinland: Vinland asks Borelia for help of constructing a naval dockyard and a naval port. The new prime minister passes the corruption bill which will create the ACB anti-corruption bureau.
 * OOC Aztlan: Crud. Can you guys change the update time to 2 AM UTC so I can post with more ease?
 * Aztlan: Since the war pre-Treaty of Gwynedd was unsuccessful for Aztlan, the Gran Gouvernor elects to simply provide financial aid to suppress the LEL rebels. Meanwhile, Aztlan begins to try to implement "newfangled" technologies, such as machine guns, into the military. However, it is acknowledged that this will be a process that will take several years.
 * Borealia: A law is passed making any possession of a weapon in certain (English) cities and communities illegal. Weapons may be turned in for a cash rebate, after which time if they are not turned in they will be confiscated. Those caught violating this rule are sentenced to prison time, and can also have children or relatives taken away. Civilians are incentivized to inform on their neighbors for monetary compensation and other privileges. By now the Orphan Program has led to 50,000 (mostly English) children being adopted by Burgundians. In the city of Bilzen it becomes known as the "Bloody Summer", with dozens of "LEL" and counter-"LEL" incidents occurring. A "terrorist attack" occurs in Bilzen, in which mustard gas is released killing 10,000 (mostly English inhabitants). Conventional bombs and other violence kills another 3000 over the course of the summer. As a result a decree is passed that the English will be dispelled. Although some manage to leave on their own accord, another 120,000 with links to the "LEL" are moved to "internment camps" that are constructed across the state, and another 25,000 being killed in the chaos (from both sides). The city takes the opportunity to rebuild large portions of the city from scratch, with the city to become completely Burgundian, separated by walls from any English settlement outside the city limits. Because of the attacks on Burgundian settlements, 10,000 armed soldiers are deployed to each constructed settlement, with armed guards also monitoring the migration en route. Another 100,000 people from the north or from foreign countries, mostly Burgundian, Dutch, German, and French, settle in Nausetia and Koebec, where the government is now paying people small subsidies for certain industries, and granting free land. A secret police force is created from counterinsurgent experts, tasked with enforcing these rules. Additionally a paramilitary Pro-Unionist group of Burgundians living in the new states, and even some rare English, known as the Bilzen Defense Force, is formed as anthesis to the "LEL". This group begins matching each attack with attacks of their own. This also spreads into an insurgency across the border in Avalon and New England, with the government secretly paying "insurgents" to disrupt any supply of weapons or goods to the "LEL". We are now blockading the three nations, capturing any cargo being shipped to and from these nations, with about 1000 ships and two million tons of shipping being captured or destroyed. We request that peace talks be held, in which these nations agree to completely cease supplying the rebels, and allow neutral peacekeepers/inspectors into their nations to monitor this, or the blockade will continue. Meanwhile, the navy continues its growth, with new battleships being constructed, and older ships being sold to Vinland, Maryland, and others. All of the government's covert moves are carefully hidden or spun by the nation's propaganda department, and the censored media. Attacks are blamed on the "LEL", exaggerated, and heavily publicized. According to the nation's statistic keeping, over the course of seven years 3815 Burgundian soldiers, 53,015 English rebels and sympathizers, and 200,000 civilians have lost their lives as a result of the insurgency. Additionally some 150,000 people are now imprisoned (including internment), and some 400,000 English have been relocated and resettled, mostly to Avelskamp or northern Bovenstland, but some have been deported to more remote colonies, such as settlements in Guyana.


 * Great Empire of China–Korea: Premier Jin Yujun continues to push for the implementation of a national pension system, which sees success. By a slim margin, his attempts to establish a social welfare system are once again rejected by the Grand Secretariat, but he increases funding to private charities. In order to alleviate the growing wealth disparity between provinces–specifically between those located in the interior and the coast–he enacts a ~25% tax applied to individuals with personal incomes exceeding five times the national average and uses that money to increase the budgets of provincial governments. In order to increase popular support for this, the China–Korea Times, the state-owned news agency, publicize the relative poverty of rural peasantry. The Huifu Emperor names his 14-year-old daughter, Kim Hee-Young, as the heir apparent, becoming the fourth Crown Princess of the dynasty. Educational attainment rises, with increasing enrollment into imperial universities. Rapid industrialization and economic modernization continue. China–Korea continues to specialize in the production of textiles and synthetic dyes, as well as steel, machinery, constructional materials, and transport equipment – due to the infrastructural boom triggered by urbanization. Telecommunications and railway lines are built, which promotes connectivity between major cities and towns–which will result in the stimulation and facilitation of commerce. Three cruisers and destroyers are commisioned this year. The navy is at 93 ships divided into two regional fleets. Arms production continues to grow rapidly, with repeating rifles and their carbine derivatives, field artillery, machine guns, and their respective ammunition being produced.
 * Tibet (protectorate): Civic buildings are constructed in the capital of Lhasa, which is inhabited by ~20,000 residents. Sedentary living is encouraged, with the little available arable land being intensively cultivated. Major crops include wheat and rye. A garrison of a single brigade (~5000) is stationed there, armed with excess bolt-action rifles.
 * Altishahria (protectorate): More mining facilities are opened in Aksu, exploiting the Tarim basin's mining resources. Lucrative minerals such as soda, borax and jade are the country's main exports to China–Korea. In addition to grains, cash crops are grown, specifically grapes, melons, pears, and walnuts. There is a ranching boom, with many former pastoralists establishing enclosures for livestock. The main product is wool (from sheep), with processing facilities established in the capital and other major cities as preparation for further processing in China–Korea's textile mills. Korla becomes Altishahria's largest city due to continuous migration and its position as a major break-of-bulk point, with a total of ~150,000 inhabitants. As a result, the Altishahr government relocates there, and various civic buildings are constructed. A garrison of two divisions (~20,000) is stationed there, armed with excess bolt-action rifles.
 * Dzungaria (protectorate): Civic buildings are constructed in Ghulja, which is inhabited by 20,000 residents. The nationalized Dzungar Oil Company increases the scale of their operations in the area, constructing multiple oil mines and refineries. In addition to supplying energy to northwest China, the company also provides kerosene for street lamps as well as other industrial chemicals via distillation. A garrison of twelve divisions (~120,000) is present, armed with excess bolt-action rifles. The bulk of this military force is stationed in the Dzungarian Gate, which is heavily fortified due to its position as the sole overland entry point into Western China.


 * Imperial Swahili Federation: We continue colonial expansion in Northern Somalia, in the south and in the Malindi and Mombasa area. Colonization increases as medicine and weaponry become more widespread. Agricultural modernization continues in Swahili. Further industrialization continues. A telegraph system is being constructed within Swahili.
 * Sefuwa: The colonies of Swahili continue development and expansion.
 * FS of Arcadia: The Government begins to start army reforms. These reforms are meant to strengthen the nation and to improve the survival of the nation. One of the first things done is the creation of a Foreign legion. This is a Legion with foreigners with no big criminal records from all over the world which will used to as an auxilary force to fight in foreign countries. These legions will be exactly 6048 men per legion with maximum of four foreign legions being allowed. Being part of any of the foreign legion will help you get citizenship. For those who get seriously wounded in battle or even training in some cases will directly get citizenship no matter what and depending on the state get compensation with Küstenland and Bergsorbien giving wounded foreign legionaires a plot of land able to give enough food for a whole family. The general Republican army will also begin to train some technical squads. With them being part of the logistics form of army organisation. The communication squad being smaller then general squads but more numerous to help local companies of the army and them being 20% higher paid then people in another kind of RAA soldier due to them being needed badly for modern warfare. The army also gets standardised with the infantry getting as their winter uniform, gray woolen trousers and gray woolen jacket and under it a shirt which isn't provided by the state. As footgear for winter they get Leather high boots. Their hat is a simple gray kepi. For the summer they wear gray shorts with short leather boots and a shirt with short sleeves and a kepi. This a quite simple uniform but this is to keep production costs low. The gun that will be issued in general is a rifle by Willis Roy the gun is a repeating bolt action with the official name of Roy rifle M94. This gun shoots the 7.8 mm Roy-B.


 * Republica Ibérica: The population is estimated to be 48.16 million. Literacy rates in Iberia soar into the upper eighties after decades of effort. Strong economic growth over the last seventy years have contributed to a growing middle-class in Iberia. The rise of public education and universities lead to a scientific boom as research and development become major sources of prestige for the universities. These developments have allowed Iberian innovation to finally catch up to much of Western Europe. The 1893 model, the Herrero I, is produced this year, with more widespread sales. The shipyards of Catalonia, now regarded as some of the best in the world quickly begin construction of the Lisbon-Class and Model 1892 Frigates. The construction is quick thanks to the expertise of the shipbuilders, and by years-end 12 of the ships are finished with another eight under construction. Sandoval Rifleworks introduces its Model 1894 Lever-Pinion Rifle. The gun has a more reliable and robust action with improved bullet characteristics. Furthermore, it fires a more modern round, the 6.5x52 Iberian (Essentially an OTL Carcano).
 * Republica de Morocco: The national census estimates the population to be 9.32 million. The economy of Morocco continues to grow rapidly due to Iberian investment and technical aid. Wages hover at just about 81.5% of those in Iberia, but are rising. The steel industry expands rapidly as does the rail network. Phosphate production develops as a major sector of the Moroccan economy as does the synthesis of phosphorus fertilizer. Agricultural mechanization along with water conservation and management projects lead to aggressive growth in the agricultural sector. Reformist Maghrebi Islam spreads with government support. Meanwhile, the educational reforms of the previous few years have contributed to rising literacy. With literacy and education on the rise, Iberian becomes a common second language, and a major language of commerce in Morocco. Although it is not part of the mandatory curriculum, many Moroccans voluntarily learn it through classes offered after school.
 * Dependencia de Algeria: The population of Algeria reaches 5.46 million, and of these, 2.05 million are European. Algerian migration to Morocco continues en masse to escape the poverty of interior Algeria. The interior economy remains very poor with limited adoption of modern technology. Meanwhile, along the coast and in Mostaganem there is rapid development as European migrants implement modern farming, manufacturing, and financial methods from their homes.
 * Antillas Ibéricas: The colony continues to enjoy the profits of salt and sugar production. Educational reforms spread as the government promotes literacy and basic mathematics.
 * Indias Orientales Ibéricas: The colony continues to enjoy the profits of spice and rubber production. Educational reforms spread as the government promotes literacy and basic mathematics.
 * República Africana Ibérica: The republic continues expansion efforts along the Sahel north of the French holdings in West Africa. Gold and other minerals constitute the major economic sector in Senegay. Aluminium production grows this year and port facilities are modernized to facilitate its export.
 * Kingdom of Burgundy: The battleship SMS Gülich is launched, the first of the new Vaud-class to enter the water. Six of her sisters are laid down in Royal and private shipyard this year, and with two more planned to be laid down next year. The battleships SMS Graf Roosevelt, SMS Loutrengen (the last two of the Austrasien-class), and SMS Jaymaika (the last of the Holland-class) are commissioned and join the High Seas Fleet. Meanwhile, Graf Theodoor van Roosevelt, grandson of Grand Admiral Cornelis van Roosevelt, is appointed as First Minister of the Navy, and - being influenced by Captain Mahans writings - continues pushing the naval expansion, insisting that the High Seas Fleet alone (barring Burgundy's other active fleets) must have a numerical advantage over the Royal Navy. He also sees the benefits of the new torpedo boat destroyers (often shortened to simply “destroyers” within the Navy) in rushing enemy battleships with torpedoes, and orders their construction expanded. Ten more are completed by the end of the year, and the 16 active destroyers are organized into the first TBD Divisions. The Vaillant Motor Company expands, but due to the complicated nature of automobiles, costs remain high despite attempts to lower them. Schools are expanded in the annexed lands of Maryland. Looking to take advantage on the increase in the number of shipyards, Burgundian shipbuilders offer battleship construction contracts to the Japanese navy (MOD RESPONSE, PLEASE).

1895
''' The Polish Communist front continues to develop its cells and resistance movements all over Europe with something big looking to be planned. '''

''' Russian settlement to Siberia prompts government investment in unheard of quantities to subsidize and allow further development of settlements across the east. '''

''' The Borealian Parliament is destroyed in a plot by conspirators while it is in session causing chaos and really ramping up tensions between the Borealians and their newly conquered territories. '''

''' The settlement of Atzlan's far north continues with cities comparable to the Mexican Valley and the south beginning to become much more prominent. '''

''' Napoleon II dies at almost 100 years of age. He dies without any of his immediate descendants present, leading to one of his generals, Joachim Holt, declaring himself President-General of Providence. '''
 * Aztlan: Following the destruction of Borealia's Parliament building, "an unforgivable act of terrorism", Aztlan releases a statement, stating that "countries under threat from LEL should attempt to discuss important matters undercover." The statement goes on to try to discourage an Arcadian games in 1896 should the crisis continue. Aztlan also officially embargoes any countries that are supporting the League. Aztlan also begins work on two twin battleships, to be completed in 1897.
 * Borealia: The terrorist attack in the capital helps to further strengthen the cause against the "LEL". Repairs begin at the Parliament building, and additional soldiers are stationed all around the city. English within the city, which number a very small amount, are expelled to internment camps. In retaliation the BDF ramps up its attacks all over the north of New England. Another 100,000 people are relocated or deported this year. In particular a large portion of people are sent to southern Guyana. We begin working heavily with the fellow Burgundian colony to help strengthen its military and industry. Both the government and the private sector begin investing heavily in the region to help develop railroads and mining operations, while the government also sends officers to help train the colonial army. The English Exclusion Zone is extended out of the city of Bilzen to other key locations in northern Nausetia. Because of the recent terrorist attack in the capital, the government authorizes a "police action" in New England to disarm the "LEL", using years of intelligence gathering to pinpoint the main strongholds and supply routes of the organization. The Taakgroepen is created, as a special unit tasked with rounding up as many Englishmen as possible with ties to the "LEL". They work alongside the army in OTL Delaware and Maryland primarily. The number of internment camps is also doubled, to house 300,000 people total. We once again demand that the English nations come to peace talks, or they will face heavier consequences. For now the blockade continues, effectively stopping any trade into the English nations, and causing heavy damage to their economy. Full control of the media continues, with the propaganda department of the nation making easy work of the recent "LEL" activity. A group known as the Erie Volunteer Army is formed in New England as another paramilitary/insurgency group. The EVA begins operating in the southern parts of the nation, but primarily across the border in northern New England. The group is Marsanist/Communist, primarily composed of Englishmen, and seeking to cause a revolution in New England after witnessing the hardships being inflicted on the working-class. Secretly the government supplies the group in some limited amounts, seeing it as a way to disrupt the arms smuggling into Borealia, while publicly the group is supported by the International Socialist Association. The group manages to become popular in Ohio, one of the most populous and most industrial parts of New England, and they begin staging worker strikes and protests. The EVA (primarily English who are pro-Communist) and the BDF (primarily Burgundian who are anti-"LEL") both clash heavily with English paramilitary groups such as the "LEL". The Borealian navy follows Burgundy's lead and begins switching gears to develop destroyers. Subsequently the Fortuin-class is born, after meticulous planning based on the Burgundian designs. Six destroyers are ordered to be constructed over the course of the next two years. For the time being the armored cruiser remains one of the main light ships in the navy, with 46 currently in service. Another eight cruisers, the Drietand-class, are ordered to be completed over the course of the next several years. Meanwhile, the navy also begins experimenting with submersible vehicles. Thanks to the invention of the diesel engine, the possibility of a long range submarine becomes more practical. Development of a prototype begins in Oranjestad, New Jersey, with the hopes of creating a practical submarine model within the next few years. Parts of the navy are organized into four main battle fleets, each with four battleships (eventually to be upgraded to five over time). Fleet I is to be based in Borselen, responsible for protecting the northern sections of the nation, and is currently deployed to the Sint Lauwens River. Fleet II is to be based in Sint Jan, and is currently deployed off the coast of Savannah near Maryland. Fleet III is to be based in Bilzen and is currently deployed to the coast of southern New England. Fleet IV is to be based in Philadelphia and is deployed to the Chesapeake Bay region.


 * Kingdom of Burgundy: Following the destruction of the Borealian parliament, Queen Viktoria travels to Sint Jan in a show of support, while the States-General passes a bill appropriating money to help Borealia rebuild the parliament building. Two Vaud-class battleships, SMS Vaud (SS-13) herself and SMS Kleff (SS-15), are laid down, while four, SMS Kinnig Robert de Friddenstifter (SS-16), SMS Tréier (SS-18), SMS Rethel (SS-20), and SMS Cambrai (SS-21), are launched. The first of the class laid down, SMS Gülich (SS-17) is commissioned, followed soon after by SMS Tréier. Meanwhile, three of the new Kinnig Eduard de Jonk-class, the lead ship SMS Kinnig Eduard de Jonk (SS-22), SMS Kinnig Jean de Mëll (SS-23), and SMS Keesarin Elisabeth de Eisen (SS-25), are laid down. The Burgundian Navy’s Panama Squadron, the security force for the canal Burgundy operates, receives a reorganization, as the outdated frigates are recalled for decommissioning and scrapping. In their place, two armored cruisers and three protected cruisers, accompanied by a destroyer division, are sent to take over the patrol routes. Some of the older armored cruisers, such as the Admiral Wacht-class, begin to be phased out of frontline service and put in reserve until their eventual scrapping. The Navy also begins studies to improve their protected cruiser designs. In the shipyards of Haussmann-Wilton-Fijenoord in Rotterdam, two battleships are under construction for the Imperial Japanese Navy, named Fuji and Katsuragi, after the IJN placed contracts for them. Though the base design is derived from the Austrasien-class, they’re armed with the same 11”/40 the Vaud-class mounts, with superior ballistics and armor penetration than the old 14” guns. They’re expected to be delivered to Japan in 1897. The University of Luxembourg is founded this year. The first wireless telegraph message is transmitted this year in Nanzeg (Nancy).


 * Great Empire of China–Korea: Li Hongzhang announces his retirement from politics, but not before Premier Jin Yujun organizes a celebration meant to commemorate his importance in the foundation of modern China–Korea. Jin Yujun increases national funding to private charities while giving government funds to impoverished provincial governments. Educational attainment rises, with increasing enrollment into imperial universities. Rapid industrialization and economic modernization continue. China–Korea continues to specialize in the production of textiles and synthetic dyes, as well as steel, machinery, constructional materials, and transport equipment – due to the infrastructural boom triggered by urbanization. Telecommunications and railway lines are built, which promotes connectivity between major cities and towns–which will result in the stimulation and facilitation of commerce. Five armored cruisers are comissioned this year. The navy is at 104 ships divided into two regional fleets. Arms production continues to grow rapidly, with repeating rifles and their carbine derivatives, field artillery, machine guns, and their respective ammunition being produced.
 * Tibet (protectorate): Civic buildings are constructed in the capital of Lhasa, which is inhabited by ~20,000 residents. Sedentary living is encouraged, with the little available arable land being intensively cultivated. Major crops include wheat and rye. A garrison of a single brigade (~5000) is stationed there, armed with excess bolt-action rifles.
 * Altishahria (protectorate): More mining facilities are opened in Aksu, exploiting the Tarim basin's mining resources. Lucrative minerals such as soda, borax and jade are the country's main exports to China–Korea. In addition to grains, cash crops are grown, specifically grapes, melons, pears, and walnuts. There is a ranching boom, with many former pastoralists establishing enclosures for livestock. The main product is wool (from sheep), with processing facilities established in the capital and other major cities as preparation for further processing in China–Korea's textile mills. Korla becomes Altishahria's largest city due to continuous migration and its position as a major break-of-bulk point, with a total of ~150,000 inhabitants. As a result, the Altishahr government relocates there, and various civic buildings are constructed. A garrison of two divisions (~20,000) is stationed there, armed with excess bolt-action rifles.
 * Dzungaria (protectorate): Civic buildings are constructed in Ghulja, which is inhabited by 20,000 residents. The nationalized Dzungar Oil Company increases the scale of their operations in the area, constructing multiple oil mines and refineries. In addition to supplying energy to northwest China, the company also provides kerosene for street lamps as well as other industrial chemicals via distillation. A garrison of twelve divisions (~120,000) is present, armed with excess bolt-action rifles. The bulk of this military force is stationed in the Dzungarian Gate, which is heavily fortified due to its position as the sole overland entry point into Western China.
 * French Empire: The French population steadies at 56.7 million, primarily due to continued industrial growth and the rise of proper sanitation methods nationwide. The machine gune model currently in military circulation, the Regal (OTL Madsen), is updated, fixing a large number of small based loading problems. With the recent rise of Marsanist-Communist regimes and syndacists groups across Europe, progressivism begins to become widespread in France as the two primary political parties, the Republican and the Marsanist, balkanize into a number of different groups and factions. Five primary political factions have emerged as legitimate successors to the two parties, being the United French Front (UFF), the Imperial Sovereign March (ISM), the People's Marsanist Association (PMA), the United Sovereign Syndacist's (USS), and the Black Anarchist Society of Francia (BASF). The most popular of which, the UFF, continues to maintain high legislative members, however, the publishment of the anti-Catholic book by Jean Picard in recent years has allowed for the BASF to rise from two to 27 legislative seats (out of 255). The PMA and USS remain stagnate in support, as the recent violence across Europe with the rise of similar Marsanist regimes has striked any new improvement in their political standings, although various political pamphlets and books continue to be published overseas. Oversea territories are re-organized.
 * Guinée Française: The French-Guinée population stands at 7.2 million, with 15% of the population speaking Japanese, 30% speaking French and the remaining speaking the original language of the island. However, the French language is soon implemented as a semi-mandatory language to study in school, in an attempt to turn the French language into a majority rather than a plurality. Industrial mining equipment is incorporated into the general process of mining gold and copper ore, while cash crops like cocoa and coffee beans become key in agriculture. The capital city, Port Durand (OTL Port Moresby), is worked on in terms of modernizing infrastructure and building more roads. A militia is created, standing at 85,000, using older French modeled weaponry from the 1870's. Expansion is made in the OTL Solomon Islands.
 * Nigéria Française: One of the primary states of the now defunct French West African Republic, French Nigéria continues to be a superb example state for French Africa, and continues to thrive in agriculture and the mining of tin and iron ore. The population census reads 25.4 million. Nigéria's national militia stands at 195,000, using older French modeled weaponry from the 1880's, in addition to holding the original Gauthier Gun.
 * Mali Française: One of the primary states of the now defunct French West African Republic, French Mali continues to feature somewhat forced labor as the mining of gold continues to reign supreme in the economy. The population stands at 20.3 million. The local militia, comprised primarily of French servicemen that have integrated into the Malian society and stand more as enforcers than an actual military, stands at 105,000.
 * Dendo Française: One of the secondary states of the now defunct French West African Republic, French Dendo continues to be settled and expanded. The region remains either agricultural or stands as a primary trading point between Mali and Nigeria.
 * Sikasso Française: One of the secondary states of the now defunct French West African Republic, French Sikasso continues to feature somewhat forced labor as the mining of gold continues to reign supreme in the economy. The population stands at 16.5 million. The local militia, comprised primarily of French servicemen that have integrated into the Sikassian society and stand more as enforcers than an actual military, stands at 75,000.
 * Namibie Française: One of the secondary states of the now defunct French South African Republic, French Namibia continues to feature somewhat forced labor as the mining of gold continues to reign supreme in the economy. The population stands at 13.5 million. The local militia, comprised primarily of French servicemen that have integrated into the Namibian society and stand more as enforcers than an actual military, stands at 45,000.
 * Cape de la Colonie Française: One of the primary states of the now defunct French South African Republic, French Cape Colony continues to feature somewhat forced labor as the mining of gold and diamonds continues to reign supreme in the economy and allow for the colony to be overtly rich. The population stands at 12.5 million. The local militia, comprised primarily of French servicemen that have integrated into the Zulu society and stand more as enforcers than an actual military, stands at 95,000.


 * Republica Ibérica: The population is estimated to be 48.4 million. Literacy rates in Iberia soar into the upper eighties after decades of effort. Strong economic growth over the last seventy years have contributed to a growing middle-class in Iberia. The rise of public education and universities lead to a scientific boom as research and development become major sources of prestige for the universities. In Valencia, now a center of innovation thanks to a prestigious school, an engineer by the name of Agustí Sala invents and patents a “self-elevating stair” which his assistants quickly nickname the escalator. The 1893 model, the Herrero I, is produced this year, with more widespread sales. The shipyards of Catalonia, finish the construction of the Lisbon-Class and Model 1892 Frigates. Plans are laid out to develop and build a new class of faster and better armed battleships. Production of the new Galicia-Class ships is expected to end in 1898 with a total of six new ships. These are expected to conform to a new system of naval organization similar to the Burgundian system. Due to the greatly improved gun characteristics, the military begins converting its Model 1880 Lever-Pinion Rifles to the new Model 1894s.
 * Republica de Morocco: The national census estimates the population to be 9.55 million. The economy of Morocco continues to grow rapidly due to Iberian investment and technical aid. Wages hover at just about 82% of those in Iberia, but are rising. The steel industry expands rapidly as does the rail network. Phosphate production develops as a major sector of the Moroccan economy as does the synthesis of phosphorus fertilizer. Agricultural mechanization along with water conservation and management projects lead to aggressive growth in the agricultural sector. Reformist Maghrebi Islam spreads with government support. After the decades of conversions, the sect now includes nearly 40% of the population. Culturally, the population has become more liberalized, with increasing importance placed on personal freedoms. Meanwhile, the educational reforms of the previous few years have contributed to rising literacy. With literacy and education on the rise, Iberian becomes a common second language, and a major language of commerce in Morocco. Although it is not part of the mandatory curriculum, many Moroccans voluntarily learn it through classes offered after school.
 * Dependencia de Algeria: The population of Algeria reaches 5.58 million, and of these, 2.16 million are European. Algerian migration to Morocco continues en masse to escape the poverty of interior Algeria. The interior economy remains very poor with limited adoption of modern technology. Meanwhile, along the coast and in Mostaganem there is rapid development as European migrants implement modern farming, manufacturing, and financial methods from their homes.
 * Antillas Ibéricas: The colony continues to enjoy the profits of salt and sugar production. Educational reforms spread as the government promotes literacy and basic mathematics.
 * Indias Orientales Ibéricas: The colony continues to enjoy the profits of spice and rubber production. Educational reforms spread as the government promotes literacy and basic mathematics.
 * República Africana Ibérica: The republic continues expansion efforts along the Sahel north of the French holdings in West Africa. Gold and other minerals constitute the major economic sector in Senegay. Aluminium production grows this year and port facilities are modernized to facilitate its export.


 * Kingdom of Egypt: After a secret meeting between Arabian and Egyptian military leaders, we declare war on the free Anatolian States and send troops via the navy to Tartus to meet up with the Arabian army and navy. Statues of Queen Farah and King Muhammad Ali II continue to be taken down, with only one of each being left in two cities (Alia and Giza), and these statues are replaced with Muhammad Ali I’s cult of personality. The hard line Muslims complaints are noted, but nothing much is done to change anything, and the King and Parliament go about their business. We continue to grow cash crops such as papyrus, flux, cotton, and tobacco, and sell it to countries such as Iberia, France, Burgundy, and Belka. The King invited the Calioh to dinner to talk about religion and other stuff (MOD RESPONSE ABSOLUTELY NEEDED!!!!) the press continues to be free and liberalized, now being able to criticize the government and it’s leaders, though the King is excluded from this sort of thing, and instead the media depicts him with positivity and practical glorifies his policies and actions in politics. We fund basic sciences and direct the focus toward quantum mechanics. Electricity begins to be installed in everyday Egyptian homes, and a power grid is installed in Alexandria, Alia and Giza, and lighting is common.
 * The Kingdom of Arabia declares war on Anatolia with Egypt, in order to incorporate the nation within the same protected economic sphere as the rest of the Muslim world. The Shay Al-Nass approves to send a force of 30,000 professional modern soldiers with full artillary and the best naval vessels. We also support having a conference in Alexandria to discuss religion with both the Calioh and the Caliph.
 * SR of the Rhineland: With Anti-Rhenish Communists who have been popping up everywhere are overwhelming the police. Supreme Leader Shutzenhelm now puts in place that "Police are to be given military authority when dealing with enemies of the state to ensure the safety of our people and our great country." The Volkspolizei now harass those deemed Anti-Rhenish Communists and anyone deemed enemies of the state, often preforming open executions. All borders, which were recently reopened are put on total lockdown and trade is very limited, only with countries which are trusted. Supreme Leader hides out in his personal estate in south Rhineland, becoming paranoid, what if his own military generals and personal assistants are Marsanists or Anti-Rhenish Communists? Something very bad is coming ... In other news, The navy plan is finished, and two new Frankfurt-Class battleships are added to the navy with Pre-Dreadnought design, along with three destroyers.


 * Vinland: The Naval dockyard at Sveaborg is finished and begins Prodicing the Sveaborg-class torpedo boats. The parliament. The prime minister sends his condolences and condemns the attack on The Borelian Parliament. The army is strengthened to seven divisions.
 * Belkan Empire: The Tsar looks at the invasions of Anatolia with distaste with his allies knowing that the Belkan empire converted to remaining Turkish states. This is, however, creatively ignored as the issue this year is growing discontent with the expenses of the Austrian occupation. Maintaining previous deals with the transitional government Belka officially releases Austria as a independent yet dependent state of the Belkan empire allowing them once again to conduct their business as long as it doesn't infringe on the Belkan economic or security interests. With a new advancement in battleships technology allowing for a more modern, sleek design, heavy armaments such as three high caliber turrets, and many secondaries including a 500-man strong marine detachment the Belkan navy adopts the Vozdh class Battleship in short order, putting nearly eight of the ships on order followed by another nine as soon as these are completed. The Belkan empire's focus on the growing naval arms race brings clear focus to the Belkan navy as it sees a necessity to defend he abroad interests and take to the seas in defense of her colonies should it come to that. As of this year the Belkan empires core territory officially crests nearly 100 million but slow growth is now an issue. Belka is noted to have some of the highest population density in all of Europe.

1896
''' In Siberia various cities see notable and increasing growth as they accomodate the hundreds of thousands of immigrants which have been flooding into Siberia. '''

''' The Federal State of Arcadia (California) sees a massive influx of immigration for its fair laws, good economic policy and the vast amount of open space still around. This sees Russians, Germans, Anglos, Belkans, French immigrants from practically every ethnicity in Europe. '''

''' As a Result of the Belgrade Congress, the European states all see their domains in africa increase immensely with Belka, Britain, and France all seeing heavy but manageable resistance heading into the African Interior. '''

''' In Southern Africa, Franco-Dutch settlers set up two autonomous provinces in Southern Africa as white settler colonies. Known as Les Pioneers they build settlements and begin a profitable existence in the South Africa interior currently benefitting from French Rule. '''

''' In some cases Africa begins to see majority white settlement areas, With Tunis, Cape of Good Hope, and a small section of French West Africa along the Coast having significant white populations. '''

''' Civil war breaks out in Providence as the Prince Napoleon, grandson of the late emperor, raises an army in Miramar (OTL San Diego) and marches north to depose Holt. '''

 The British Navy continues to expand significantly adding more battleships this year and also showcasing its exemplary marines in a training maneuver impressing foreign obsververs from every major country in Europe 


 * Borealia: We continue to relocate people across the nation, with new settlements in the new states frequently being created by Burgundian citizens, while the English are moved to less significant areas. The ongoing war against the "LEL" insurgents continues, with our operatives making progress in various ways. At the same time the opposing insurgents make attacks against the "LEL" and across the border. The Communist rebels in New England continue to gain power in that country. They continue smuggling and stockpiling weapons, and also open training camps in New England, particularly in southern Ohio. The Communists also gain a foothold in Michigan, with the major city of Pontiac (Detriot) seeing a large presence. The world's first "underground railway" or "metro" opens this year in Sint Jan. By the end of the year New Amsterdam also begins construction of one, expecting to quickly overtake the capital's one. Other cities consider constructing one as well. In both cities the metro is connected to the already heavily used railroad systems in the country. An amusement park craze spreads across the nation, with many independent amusement parks being founded around this time. Rothe Park (Asbury Park), New Jersey and Coney Island, New Netherland become major tourist destinations and resort locations. North of New Amsterdam an amusement park named "Astroworld" is founded, boasting impressive "rollercoaster" rides. Inventor Hiram Gheyn, famous for inventing the Gheyn Gun (Maxim Gun), partners with the park and invents the "Flying Machine" ride. The first "motion pictures" are shown in theatres around the country by ambitious entrepreneurs, particularly in New Amsterdam. The first showings are successful and rival film studios appear. A studio is founded in Sint Jan by Wouter Isigny (Walt Disney), specializing in cartoons and animated short films, which also gains notoriety. Hendrik Steppen, inventor and former head of the postal service, begins designs for a flying transport system based on the hot air balloon. He manages to patent a design for a "steerable airship-train with several carrier structures arranged one behind another" (Zeppelins). He begins searching for funding in the hopes of creating working prototypes within the next few years. As part of the settlement process in the newly created states, the country also begins employing designers to create "Utopias" or ideal, luxury cities in remote locations. The first of these cities is founded along the Allegheny River (near OTL Tionesta), where a "National Forest" is declared to provide exceptional scenery and activities for the new city. The city will include all modern amenities, modern architecture, a rail system, dock and shipyard for sailing ships, and enough farmland for it to be completely self sufficient. The city is named Conradia and begins construction, with other such resorts being considered as well. A science fiction author named H. S. Waal becomes famous nationwide after delivering a radio broadcast adapting his novel, The War of the Worlds, in which he describes an alien invasion, and inadvertently causes a mass panic. Later in the year he attends a lecture by Steppen and is inspired to publish Liberty, a science fiction novel imaging a world in which giant floating cities circle the globe completely free from the rest of the world, and wars are fought with steam-powered "Steppens" and other futuristic devices. In the port outside New Amsterdam the city begins construction of a massive, colossus-like monument known as the "Statue of Liberty". Johannes Siberg Jr., son of the former prime minister, makes hockey history by becoming one of the most successful athletes in the sport's history, and leading Wilhemina to a Stenweide Cup win. In addition to the very popular train and metro systems, the nation also begins looking into gondola public transit in areas of varying elevation, although this does not lead to any developments yet.


 * Kingdom of Burgundy: in total, six battleships are launched this year for the Burgundian Navy, four Vaud-class, and two Kinnig Eduard de Jonk-class. The last two battleships of the Kinnig Eduard de Jonk-class, SMS Kinnig Rogier de Daper (SS-24) and SMS Keesar Barbarossa (SS-26), are laid down in the freed up dock space. The Vaud-class battleships SMS Rethel (SS-20) and SMS Cambrai (SS-21) are commissioned and join the growing battle fleet. Five battleships of the newly designed Graf Wëllem II vu Holland-class are officially ordered, the first to incorporate the newly developed Carnegie (Krupp) armor. If the Navy’s construction schedule continues as planned, the last of the Kinnig Eduard de Jonk-class should be completed by the end of 1899, at which point Burgundy will possess 26 commissioned steel battleships, with five more under construction, and the seven old iron-armored battleships of the Monarch- and Ostend-classes. The construction of torpedo boat destroyers continues, with five more entering service this year. The military is, rather grudgingly, impressed by the British Marines, and it’s decided to improve the Burgundian Royal Marine Band (corps), in turn. Receiving a larger share of the naval budget, army officers and NCOs are hired to train the Marines in modern warfare, albeit slightly modified, as it's presumed the Marines will largely be conducting amphibious operations. As such, the Marines’ outdated line infantry tactics are dropped in favor of dispersed, squad-centric ones.


 * Imperial Swahili Federation: We continue colonial expansion in Northern Somalia, in the south and in the Malindi and Mombasa area. Colonization increases as medicine and weaponry become more widespread. Agricultural modernization continues in Swahili. Further industrialization continues. A telegraph system is being constructed within Swahili. The Zanzibar Naval Academy begins to design plans for a Swahili-built cruiser. Colonization efforts reaches the kingdom of Buha, who were demanded to accept Swahili suzerainty as of old law (Swahili used to be the overlord of Buha a long time ago). MOD Response
 * Sefuwa: The colonies of Swahili continue development and expansion.
 * Vinland: Seeing that Vinland needs external help the parliament votes on becomming a protectorate of Borelia. It passes with no votes against it. We send an official envoy to Borelia asking to become a protectorate of Borelia.
 * "Borealian Diplomacy:' We accept.