Peace of Copenhagen (Borgo)

The Peace of Copenhagen was a set of treaties agreed and signed at the Copenhagen Conference of 1816, ending the Polish Revolutionary Wars. Its objective was to provide for a long-term peace in Europe by settling several critical issues relating to the wars and to restore the balance of power in the region.

Among the measures agreed upon by the ambassadors and heads of state present at the conference were:
 * The Polish Republic was to be restored to the borders of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth as they existed prior to the Partition of 1772, with the addition of the city of Riga and its environs, and without that portion of the province of Royal Prussia lying to the east of the Vistula.
 * Silesia was to be returned to the Crown of Bohemia, under the sovereignty of the Emperor of Austria.
 * The dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire was confirmed, as was the elevation of the head of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine to the rank of Emperor.
 * The Grand Duchy of Finland was created consisting of those former Swedish provinces lying east of the Gulf of Bothnia, under the sovereignty of the Emperor of Russia.
 * The Kingdom of the Netherlands was created consisting of the former lands of the Dutch Republic, as well as the Austrian Netherlands, the Bishopric of Liege, East Friesland, and the land lying west of the Rhine as far south as the border of the Rhine-Palatinate, under the sovereignty of the Prince of Orange.
 * The Kingdom of Hanover was created consisting of the former Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Bremen-Verden, Saxe-Lauenburg, and part of the Prince-Bishopric of M ünster, under the sovereignty of the King George III of Great Britain.
 * The Kingdom of Bavaria was created consisting of the former Duchy of Bavaria, with the addition of most of Franconia and the Rhine-Palatinate.
 * The Kingdom of Prussia was compensated for the loss of Silesia by being awarded Swedish Pomerania and Magdeburg.
 * The Papal States were restored to the boundaries of 1793, with the exception of Avignon and the County of Venaissin, which were returned to France.
 * The neutrality of the Swissh Confederation was guaranteed.
 * Free trade was guaranteed along the Rhine, Elbe and Danube rivers.
 * The German Confederation was created to coordinate relations among the many German-speaking states, consisting of those states within the Holy Roman Empire prior to 1793 with the exception of the Austrian Netherlands.