Portugal (Principia Moderni II Map Game)

The Kingdom of Portugal is a nation in Europe. It is bordered by the Kingdoms of Galicia, at north, the Kingdom of Algarve, at south, and the Kingdoms of León and Sevilla, at east. The Kingdoms mentioned are all part of the Crown of Portugal, except for León and Seville, which are part of the Leonese Crown, which is in personal union with Portugal. It also borders Burgundy on the New World, with their feitoria on the mouth of Maranhão bordering the Burgundian colony nearby. In Africa, it borders the Kingdoms of Ife, Benin and Bonoman. In northern Antília, it borders Brandenburg.

History
The territory present on the present borders of the Kingdom of Portugal has been continuously settled since prehistoric times: occupied by Celts like the Gallaeci and the Lusitanians, integrated into the Roman Republic and later settled by Germanic peoples such as the Suebi and the Visigoths.

In the 8th century most of the Iberian Peninsula was conquered by Moorish invaders professing Islam, which were later expelled by the Knights Templar under the Order of Christ. During the Christian Reconquista, the County of Portucale was formed in 868, with its first count being Vímara Peres, after whom the city of Guimarães is named. The county was for most of its history, a subject of the Kingdoms of Asturias (until 924), Galicia (whenever it and León didn't have the same monarchs), and León. The County essentially ceased to exist by the first time after the Count Nuno (II) Mendes started to claim the title of "King of Portucale", and subsequently died at the Battle of Pedroso, fought against Garcia II of Galicia. Garcia then, started to use the title of "King of Portucale". However, Garcia didn't last much with the title, as he was deposed by his brothers Sancho II of Castille and Alfonso VI of León. Thus, the Kingdom of Galicia, along with the territory of the county of Portucale, was absorbed by the Kingdom Of León.

The former Kingdom of Galicia, including the Portugal and Coimbra, was given by Alfonso VI as a county to his son-in-law Raymond of Burgundy. However, concern for Raymond's growing power led Alfonso in 1096 to separate Portugal and Coimbra from Galicia and grant them to Henry of Burgundy, nephew of Alfonso's wife. Henry chose Braga as the base for this newly formed county, the Condado Portucalense, known at the time as Terra Portucalense or Província Portucalense, which would last until Portugal achieved its independence, recognized by the Kingdom of León in 1143. Its territory included much of the current Portuguese territory between the Minho River and the Tejo River. On 24 June 1128, the Battle of São Mamede occurred near Guimarães. Afonso Henriques, Count of Portugal, defeated his mother, Countess Teresa and her lover Fernão Peres de Trava, thereby establishing himself as sole leader. Afonso Henriques officially declared Portugal's independence when he proclaimed himself King of Portugal on 25 July 1139, after the Battle of Ourique. He was recognized as such in 1143 by King Alfonso VII of León and Castile, and in 1179 by Pope Alexander III.

Afonso Henriques and his successors, aided by military monastic orders, pushed southward to drive out the Moors, as the size of Portugal covered about half of its present area. In 1249, this Reconquista ended with the capture of the Algarve on the southern coast, giving Portugal its present-day borders, with minor exceptions. The borders on the Iberian peninsula were defined in 1297, after two wars with Castille.

In 1348 and 1349, like the rest of Europe, Portugal was devastated by the Black Death.

In 1373, Portugal made an alliance with England. It was apparently reaffirmed in 1452.

In 1383, the King of Castile (Juan I), husband of the daughter (Beatriz) of the Portuguese King (Fernando I) who had died without a surviving male heir, claimed his throne. Other claimants also were Fernando's half-brothers, Dinis, Lord of Villar-Dompardo, and João, Lord of Porto de Mós. An ensuing popular revolt led to the 1383-1385 Crisis. A faction of petty noblemen and commoners, led by João of Avis (another half-brother of Fernando I, later João I), seconded by General Nuno Álvares Pereira defeated the Castilians in the Battle of Aljubarrota.

In the following decades, Portugal spearheaded the exploration of the world and undertook the Age of Discovery. Infante Dom Henry the Navigator, son of King João I, became the main sponsor and patron of this endeavor.

In 1415, Portugal acquired the first of its overseas colonies by conquering Ceuta. It was the first prosperous Islamic trade center in North Africa. There followed the first discoveries in the Atlantic: Madeira and the Azores, which led to the first colonization movements, that are still being undertaken. The archipelago of Cabo Verde was discovered in 1459 (by France), and a colony was founded there. The island of Achinet, or Tenerife was conquered in 1464.

Throughout the 15th century, Portuguese explorers sailed the coast of Africa, establishing trading posts for several common types of tradable commodities at the time, ranging from gold to slaves, as they looked for a route to India and its spices, which are coveted in Europe.

During Afonso V's reign, Portugal continued to settle lands on Africa, particularly the Cabo Verde islands, and parts of the littoral, as feitorias. After his death in 1475, his son Afonso succeeded to the throne, and got himself involved on a disastrous war against Castille, which ended with the Portuguese defeat, and loss of Ceuta. On a lighter note, Portugal apparently became an ally of Venice. This Afonso died of the plague, and as he had sent his children to study in England, and England was apparently on an isolationist period, as it didn't answer any messages by Portugal, the throne was empty.

João II, Duke Of Coimbra assumed as regent, but as he rarely was present in Lisboa. Duarte, Duke of Guimarães assumed the administrative issues. Duarte eventually would be the responsible for various policies that Portugal followed from Afonso VII's reign to the early part of Urraca's reign, such as the diplomatic isolationism after the war with Castille, and the colonial expansionism that would be more pronounced during Urraca's reign.

With the end of the war, Afonso came back to Portugal, and was crowned. However, he died shortly after, the only achievements of his reign being the peace with Castille and the establishment of the feitoria of São Jorge da Mina, which quickly became the most lucrative of the Portuguese feitorias, surpassing Serra Leoa and Arguim.

João II Of Coimbra, his uncle, then became King. João continued the focus on finding a route to India. In 1488, Bartolomeu Dias discovered that the Indian Ocean wasn't landlocked, as it was said, thus discovering a sea route to India. The expedition of Pero de Covilhã and Afonso de Paiva to India and Abyssinia, respectively, also collected more information about those routes. And, in 1491, a Scandinavian navigator called Cjest Reginsson asked for funding of the King of Portugal for an expedition to find the settlement of "Vinland". João II accepted reluctantly.

In 1492, Reginsson's expedition parted from Porto, and in 12 October, land was first sighted. The place was called "Myrland" by Reginsson, and the expedition continued to sail north, discovering an almost contiguous expanse of land, which was called "Antília" by one of his pilots, Gaspar Corte-Real. Despite this, Reginsson failed in discover Vinland, asking for funds for another expedition. Those funds were granted, and Reginsson managed to discover Vinland, or at least, he claimed to have done it. Other lands were also discovered.

Other expeditions to the area also took place, and some went farther south, and in late 1497, an expedition led by Duarte Pacheco sighted a land mass to the south of Antília. It was called Terra de Santa Cruz, though most of the natives called it Pindorama. A feitoria was built there in 1499, and occupation of the lands began right away. Another colony was founded on Antília in 1511.

João II died in 1495, being succeeded by his son, also named João, who was a minor when he ascended to the throne, and died two years later. During this time, Duarte de Guimarães was the regent of the Kingdom. He was succeeded by his older sister Urraca, as he had no surviving brothers. After the coronation, Urraca married Afonso de Viseu, son and heir of Diogo, Duke of Viseu. Afonso died in 1502 on a hunting accident, having only two sons with Urraca. Urraca married again in 1504, this time with the son of the Duke of Bragança, also named Afonso.

Urraca's reign was mainly marked by the increasing centralization of power, and some expansionist tendencies. A maritime way to India was discovered in 1500 on an expedition led by Vasco da Gama. However, Portugal's relations with India became only commercial due to the heavy presence of the Caliphate on the area. Thus, most of the expansion was made on the colonies on northern and southern Antília. Various land masses on Antília were discovered during her reign. Most notably, in the colony of Brasil, which by the end of her reign, had become as big as Portugal itself in area, though most of this area was disconnected.

In Urraca's reign, royal absolutism was the method of government. The Portuguese Cortes (the assembly of the kingdom) only met six times during her 50-year reign, always in Lisbon, the queen's seat. She reformed the courts of justice and the municipal charters with the crown, modernizing taxes and the concepts of tributes and rights. Urraca also was very religious and invested a large amount of Portuguese income to sponsor missionaries to the new colonies, such as Francisco Álvares, and the construction of religious buildings, such as the Monastery of Jerónimos. Despite this, her laws against Kappelianism were somewhat lenient if compared to other nations, such as Brandenburg. The reign of Urraca also was marked by active diplomacy, contrasting with João II's diplomatic isolationism. With Scandinavia, she made alliances through marriage (her son Pedro with Victoria of Sweden, which would eventually become queen of Scandinavia in 1547.), beside opening diplomatic relations with countries like Cyprus, France and Anhalt. However, diplomatic relations with Castille continued nearly nonexistent, as they were since the war with Castille.

Urraca's support for the humanist cause was also significant. In literature, his active support of Gil Vicente, Garcia de Resende, Sá de Miranda, Bernardim Ribeiro, Fernão Mendes Pinto and João de Barros was notable. In the sciences, Urraca supported mathematician Pedro Nunes and physician Garcia de Orta. She definitively transferred the Portuguese university from Lisbon to Coimbra in 1538, and in the same year, a university was created in São Salvador da Bahia. In 1542 Urraca created in Coimbra a College of Arts. Another noteworthy aspect of Urraca's rule was the support she gave to missionaries in the New World.

Urraca eventually died in 1547, being the longest-reigning Portuguese monarch up to that moment, only excluding Afonso I (only 46 years of his reign were spent as King, with him being count, Duke and Prince for 11 years). She was succeeded by her son Pedro II. However, most of the state affairs began to be handled by his younger brother Garcia, Duke of Coimbra, due to Pedro's presence on Scandinavia for the most part of his reign.

Pedro eventually became more present after 1557, and involved the country in its first war after the Galician war's failure, against Naples. As a result, Portugal gained a Neapolitan colony that was Portuguese but was traded with them in return for a fort in the Guaíba lake. However, Pedro died before reorganizing the colony. His son, Dinis succeeded him, and in his 17-month reign, basically finished what Pedro had left open in the colonies, aside of founding a new university in Portugal. Dinis II having died heirless, his brother Afonso ascended to the throne, and in 1564, Afonso X became the first king of both Scandinavia and Portugal.

Wars

 * First Galician War (1477-1483): The war started with Portugal attacking, with Portugal trying to take Galicia. The reasons behind this are not known. It is said that some southern Galician villages acclaimed Afonso VI as King, like they did with Fernando I some 100 years before, but this is not confirmed. Anyway, Portugal in the first years of war, took most of Galicia and Asturias, with help of Granada and Naples. However, Castille solicited the HRE's help, which was given. The fact of Granada, a Muslim nation, helping out Portugal also didn't help matters, eventually leading to a Portuguese defeat. On the peace treaty terms, Ceuta was given to Venice and Portugal had to surrender its claims to Galicia.
 * Great Mediterranean War (1557-1560): The overextended Neapolitan state was deemed to be a threat by ally Venice. Scandinavia and Venice devised a plan in the 1540's in which they would knock Naples down a few notches. The Coalition that formed was massive, including even the Papal States and some vassals which rebelled from Naples, such as Granada. Portugal joined late, attempting to reconquer their Santa Maria colony, which had been sold to Nples in the 1530's in return for their fort (in which Porto dos Casais was later founded) on the Guaíba Lake. In the end, it was a crushing Coalition victory in which Naples-Savoy was stripped of its colonies, Santa Maria given back to Portugal, most of the Neapolitan land annexed to Venice, and the remainder of Naples joined the new Italian League as a Venetian puppet.
 * Second Galician War (1582-1586): In 1582, Another war for Galicia started again, for the same reasons as the first.The advance rate was the same at first, but this time, the HRE, or anybody, didn't join Castille.The King João IV also died in this war, after taking Badalhós (OTL Badajoz).After 1583, with the leadership on the Portuguese side divied in three, the advance went faster, with some battles being easily won against the outdated Castillian forces.the war also spilled to the colonies, and the Cstillians surrendered in 1586, as Duarte de Bragança, one of the greatest generals on this war, as trying to get to Toledo itself.The Habsburg King of Castille, Fadrique II, was deposed, and Garcia took all the titles associated with the Castillian Crown.

Algarve*

 * Name: Reino do Algarve (Portuguese)/Kingdom of Algarve (English)
 * Flag: FlagKingdomAlgarve.jpg
 * Coat of Arms:
 * Capital: Faro
 * Language: Portuguese
 * Religion: Roman Catholicism
 * Regime: Monarchy
 * Currency: Real
 * Established: 1189 (as Kingdom Of Silves)/1242

The title of "King Of Algarve" was used by the first time by Sancho I Of Portugal, after he conquered Silves in 1189. Since Silves was just another city on the Almohad Empire, Sancho used alternately, the titles of "King of Portugal and Algarve", or "King of Portugal and Silves", and even "King of Portugal, Silves and Algarve". He ceased using this title after the Almohad conquered Silves back in 1191.

After the Almohad Empire dissolved, The region of Algarve started to be controlled by the Taifa of Niebla, one of the various emirates that had formed after the Almohads' dissolution. Its Emir started to call himself "Amir al-gharb". Meanwhile, Castillian and Portuguese conquest of southern lands continued, with Sancho II conquering most of Nieblas west of the Guadianas river, except for some basically independent enclaves, such as Faro, Loulé and others. After Sancho II was excommunicated and deposed in 1248, Afonso III, his brother and successor, conquered the remaining former Nieblan enclaves, being the second Portuguese monarch to style himself as "King Of Portugal and Algarve".


 * - Despite its depiction here, Algarve is not quite a separate Kingdom, as it doesn't have institutions, charters or particular privileges, neither autonomy, being basically a honorific title over a region that isn't any different from the rest of Portugal, as well as the Kingdoms of Toledo, Jaén and others are for the Castillian crown.

Galicia

 * Name: Reino da Galícia (Portuguese)/Kingdom of Galicia (English)
 * Flag: Bandeirareinogaliza.svg.png
 * Coat of Arms:Coat_of_Arms_of_Galicia_(Spain),_16th-18th_Centuries.svg.png
 * Capital: Santiago de Compostela
 * Language: Portuguese, Galician
 * Religion: Roman Catholicism
 * Regime: Monarchy
 * Monarch:Garcia III de Avis (in personal union with Portugal)
 * Currency: Real
 * Established: 409 (as Suebic Kingdom), 910 (as Kingdom of Galicia, under Ordoño II), 924 (under Sancho I Ordonhes), 982 (under Bermudo II), 1065 (under Garcia II), 1095 (as County of Galicia, given to Rayomond of Burgundy), 1111 (under Alfonso VII), 1152 (under Fernando II), 1296 (under Juan I of León), 1369 (under Fernando I of Portugal), 1477 (under Afonso VI of Portugal), 1586 (under Garcia I of Portugal)

The Kingdom of Galicia is a political entity located in southwestern Europe, which at its territorial zenith occupied the entire northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. Founded by Suebic king Hermeric in 409, the Galician capital was established in Braga, being the first kingdom which adopted Catholicism officially and minted its own currency (year 449). After the temporal rule of the Visigothic monarchs (585–711), Galicia became a part of the newly founded Christian kingdoms of the Northwest of the peninsula, Asturias and León, while occasionally achieving independence under the authority of its own kings.

Compostela became capital of Galicia in the 11th century, while the independence of Portugal (1128) determined its southern boundary. The accession of Castilian King Ferdinand III to the Leonese kingdom in 1230 brought Galicia under the control of the Crown of Castile, the kingdom of Galicia becoming an administrative division within the larger realm.

Galicia resisted central control, supporting a series of alternative claimants, including John of León, Galicia and Seville (1296), Ferdinand I of Portugal (1369), John of Gaunt (1386), Afonso VI of Portugal (1477), and Garcia I of Portugal, with only the latter being successful. With the end of the second Galician war, in 1586, Galicia was brought into the Portuguese crown.

Cabo Verde

 * Name: Cabo Verde
 * Language: Portuguese
 * Established:1461
 * Major cities: Santiago de Anaga (located in OTL Santa Cruz de Tenerife), Ribeira Grande (OTL Cidade Velha de Ribeira Grande de Santiago), São Tomé (same place as OTL)
 * Administrative subdivisions: Canárias, São Tomé, Costa do Ouro, Serra Leoa, Guiné and Cabo Verde.

Before the arrival of Europeans, the Cabo Verde Islands were uninhabited. The islands of the Cabo Verde archipelago were discovered by Italian, French and Portuguese navigators from 1459 on. The first Portuguese discoveries were made by a Genoese born Antonio de Noli, who was afterwards appointed governor of Cabo Verde by the Portuguese King Afonso V. Other navigators mentioned as contributing with discoveries for Portugal in the Cabo Verde archipelago are Diogo Gomes, Diogo Dias, Diogo Afonso and the Italian Alvise Cadamosto. The French records don't mention names.

The first five islands, discovered in two separate voyages in 1460, were added to the domains of the Order of Christ, and all the later-discovered islands also were added to their land. However, most of the islands are not occupied, with the only settlements being located on Santo Antão, Santiago and São Vicente, with the latter two only starting to be settled only in 1466. However, the biggest settlement is still Ribeira Grande.

However, the colony isn't restricted to those areas. One important area is the Canary Islands area.

Before the arrival of the Guanches, the Canaries were inhabited by prehistoric animals; for example, giant lizards, or giant rats.

The islands were visited by the Phoenicians, the Greeks, and the Carthaginians. According to the 1st century AD Roman author and philosopher Pliny the Elder, the archipelago was found to be uninhabited when visited by the Carthaginians under Hanno the Navigator, but that they saw ruins of great buildings. This story may suggest that the islands were inhabited by other peoples prior to the Guanches. King Juba, Augustus's Numidian protege, is credited with discovering the islands for the Western world. He dispatched a naval contingent to re-open the dye production facility at Mogador in what is now western Morocco in the early 1st century AD. That same naval force was subsequently sent on an exploration of the Canary Islands, using Mogador as their mission base.

When the Europeans began to explore the islands, they encountered several indigenous populations living at a primitive level of technology. Although the history of the settlement of the Canary Islands is still unclear, linguistic and genetic analyses seem to indicate that at least some of these inhabitants shared a common origin with the Berbers of northern Africa. The pre-colonial inhabitants are known as Guanche, an adjective used by the people of Tenerife (Achinet in their language) to refer to themselves.

Sometime ago, the islands were visited by the Arabs for commercial purposes. The Muslim navigator Ibn Farrukh, from Granada, is said to have landed in "Gando" (Tamarán) in February 999, visiting a King named Guanarigato. From the 14th century onward, numerous visits were made by sailors from Majorca, Portugal and Genoa. Lancelotto Malocello settled on Titerogacáete in 1312. The Majorcans established a mission with a bishop in the islands that lasted from 1350 to 1400. There may have been a Portuguese expedition that attempted to colonize the islands as early as 1336.

Recently, the islands were claimed by the Duchy of Burgundy and Portugal. They reached an agreement in which the islands on Benauare, Tamarán and Achinet were to be passed to Portugal, and the islands of Gomáara, Eseró, Erbana and Titerogacáete were to be passed to the Burgundians. Unfortunately, the French conquered Benauare first, thus violating Portuguese claims on the area.

The first expedition to secure the Canaries for Portugal has been undertaken in 1465 in Achinet/Tenerife, then divided into nine petty Kingdoms, ruled by a mencei, which is why those Kingdoms are known as menceiatos. Portugal received support from the southern menciatos of Anaga, Guimar, Abona and Adeje, while opposing the menceiatos of Taoro, Tegueste, Tacoronte, Icode and Daute. While the topography and the resistance of the natives made complete pacification difficult, it was eventually achieved recently. The first settlement on the island was founded in 1466, being called Santiago de Anaga, after the menceiato in which it is located.

There is also settlement on the islands of São Tomé, Fernão do Pó, and Santo Antão.

The colony also has under its administration and jurisdiction feitorias (outposts) on the African coast. By now, there are five, one is on the island of Arguim, and is the most northern, and oldest one, is located near the Cacheu river, and is the northernmost one. other is located farther south, and other is located on a harbour near the Serra Leoa hills, on a more southern latitude than Cabo Verde itself, and the other two feitorias. And, there is São Jorge da Mina, the most southern one. Due to the discovery of gold in the area, the feitoria on the local soon became the richest of them. It is also the only feitoria with an urban nucleus recognized as a city. While there is one in Serra Leoa, it isn&amp;apos;t recognized as one yet.

Brasil

 * Name: Brasil
 * Language: Portuguese
 * Established:1498
 * Major cities: São Vicente (same location as OTL.), São Salvador da Bahia de Todos os Santos (OTL Salvador), Olinda (same location as OTL), Nossa Senhora das Neves (OTL João Pessoa), Santa Maria de Belém (OTL Belém)
 * Administrative subdivisions: Pará, Tremembé, Ceará, Potengi, Pernambuco, Itamaracá, Bahia, Nhoesembé, Espírito Santo, Paraíba do Sul, São Vicente e Enguaguaçu, São Sebastião, Paranaguá, Rio Grande, Guaíba.

The colony was founded in 1498, with the first areas of the colony being occupied by feitorias similar to the ones in Africa, and which were to function the same way as there. The land is inhabitated by primitive natives divided into several tribes, many of speaking almost the same language, and who fight among themselves. The main exports of the colony are pau-Brasil, a tree used to make red dye, and which is so abundant that the colony became known as "Terra do Pau-Brasil", and sugarcane, cultivated particularly on São Vicente and Pernambuco. The Portuguese occupied areas are numerous, and often disjointed. The only areas connected with each other are Potengi-Itamaracá-Pernambuco and São Vicente-Paranaguá-São Sebastião-Paraíba do Sul. Most of the areas already have settlements, either officially established or not.

Antília

 * Name: Antília
 * Language: Portuguese
 * Established:1511
 * Major cities: Lara (OTL Boston), Santo Amaro (OTL Plymouth), São Tomé (OTL Saybrook), Santa Inês (OTL Newport), Setúbal (OTL Windsor)
 * Administrative subdivisions: São Tomé, Santa Inês, Santo Amaro.

The colony was founded in 1511, originally planned to be located farther south, but as the Danes had already occupied the area, it was established farther north. The area around the feitoria is inhabited by natives, apparently called "Quinipiaques". There are other peoples living nearby, such as the Matabéçiques, Narragançétes, and the Ampanoaques, along with others. The first settlements of the area to be founded were Santo Amaro and São Tomé, on the Neponçete and Urraca rivers, respectively. Eventually, around Santo Amaro, other settlements started to crop up on the coast.

Loanda

 * Name: Loanda
 * Language: Portuguese
 * Established:1547
 * Major cities: Loanda, Benguela
 * Administrative subdivisions: Loanda, Benguela

Rio da Prata

 * Name: Rio da Prata
 * Language: Portuguese
 * Established:1561
 * Major cities: Santa Maria (OTL Buenos Aires), Sacramento, Rosário, São José do Aguariguaçu, Santa Fé,
 * Administrative divisions: Santa Maria, Paraná, Cisplatina

Duchies

 * Aveiro - Juliana de Lencastre/Álvaro de Lara
 * Barcelos - Pedro I de Barcelos
 * Beja - Afonso III Teles de Meneses
 * Bragança - João I de Bragança
 * Coimbra - Afonso V de Avis
 * Ferrol - Garcia II Álvares de Toledo
 * Guimarães - Dinis III de Lara
 * Odemira - Henrique de Noronha
 * Vila Real - Luís de Meneses
 * Viseu - Garcia III de Viseu

Marchessates

 * Castelo Rodrigo - Manuel de Moura (1590-)
 * Ferreira - Francisco II de Melo
 * Gouveia - Manrique da Silva
 * Minas - Pedro III de Sousa
 * Montebelo - Félix Machado da Silva Castro
 * Porto Seguro - Afonso de Lencastre (1597-)
 * Torres Novas - Jorge II de Lencastre (1594-)
 * Valença - title held by the Dukes of Odemira

Counties

 * A Corunha - Lourenço III Soares de Mendonça (1570-)
 * Abrantes - Afonso II de Almeida (1585-)
 * Alcoutim - held by the Dukes of Vila Real
 * Altamira - Lopo II de Moscoso (1567-)
 * Andrade - Pedro Fernandes Andrade
 * Arcos - Luís de Lima Brito (1600-)
 * Arganil - held by the Bishops of Coimbra
 * Arraiolos - title held by the Dukes of Bragança
 * Atalaia - Antônio Manuel de Ataíde
 * Atouguia - Luís II de Ataíde
 * Azinhoso - Nuno de Mascarenhas
 * Azurara - Nuno II Fernandes Cabral
 * Basto - Lourenço Pires de Castro (1591-)
 * Cadaval - João III de Castro
 * Calheta - Simão II Gonçalves da Câmara
 * Caminha - Afonso Álvares de Soutomaior (1568-)
 * Cantanhede - held by the Dukes of Beja
 * Castanheira - João de Ataíde
 * Castelo Melhor - Rui Mendes de Vasconcelos (1574-)
 * Castelo Novo - Jorge de Mascaranhas (1588-)
 * Ericeira - Fernando de Meneses
 * Faro - Estevão II Lopes de Faro (1579-)
 * Feira - Diogo III Forjaz Pereira
 * Figueiró - Francisco de Vasconcelos (1584-)
 * Lara - Nuno VIII de Lara
 * Lemos - Pedro V de Castro (1560-)
 * Linhares - Miguel de Noronha
 * Loulé - held by the Dukes of Barcelos.
 * Lumiares - Nuno Corte-Real (1568-)


 * Marialva - held by the Dukes of Barcelos.
 * Miranda do Corvo - Henrique de Sousa Tavares
 * Monsanto - Álvaro II de Castro
 * Monterrei - Gaspar de Azevedo (1560-)
 * Neiva - Fernando II de Neiva
 * Ourém - Afonso VI de Ourém
 * Penaguião - João II Rodrigues de Sá
 * Penamacor - Luís II de Albuquerque (1575-)
 * Pombalinho - Lopo III Soares de Albergária
 * Portalegre - Diogo da Silva
 * Prado - held by the Marchesses of Minas
 * Redondo - Francisco II Coutinho
 * Ribadeo - Rodrigo Sarmiento de Villandro (1554-)
 * Sabugal - Francisco de Castelo-Branco (1574-)
 * Salvaterra - Garcia Sarmiento de Soutomaior (1580-)
 * Santa Cruz - Martim de Mascarenhas
 * Sortelha - Diogo II da Silveira
 * Tarouca - Luís de Meneses
 * Távora- Luís Álvares de Távora


 * County of Tentúgal - title held by the Marchesses of Ferreira
 * County of Trancoso - in personal union with the crown.
 * County of Trastâmara - Fernando Froiláz de Trava
 * County of Valença - Miguel II de Meneses
 * County of Viana do Alentejo - Nuno IV of Barcelos
 * County of Viana da Foz do Lima - Nuno IV of Barcelos
 * County of Vidigueira - Francisco II da Gama
 * County of Vila Franca - Rui Gonçalves da Câmara
 * County of Vila Nova de Portimão - Manuel de Castelo-Branco
 * County of Vimioso - Luís de Vilhena

Actual Administrative divisions

 * Comarca of Entre-Douro-e-Minho
 * Comarca of Trás-os-Montes
 * Comarca of Beira
 * Comarca of Estremadura
 * Comarca of Alentejo
 * Comarca of Alagarve

House of Vímara Peres (Counts)

 * Vímara Peres (868-873)
 * Lucídio Vimaranes (873-?)
 * Onega Lucides/Diogo Fernandes (?-924)
 * Mumadona Dias/Hermenegildo I Mendes (924-950)
 * Gonçalo Mendes (950-999)
 * Mendo II Gonçalves (999-1008)
 * Alvito Nunes (1008-1015)
 * Ilduara Mendes/Nuno I Alvites (1015-1028)
 * Mendo III Nunes (1028-1050)
 * Nuno II Mendes (1050-1071) (first to call himself King Of Portucale)

House Of Jiménez

 * Garcia II of Galicia (1071) [only used as a honorific title, in the same way that "King of Algarve" is used today.]

House Of Borgonha

 * Afonso I (1109-1185)
 * Sancho I (1154-1212)
 * Afonso II (1185-1223)
 * Sancho II (1209-1248)
 * Afonso III (1210-1279)
 * Dinis (1261-1325)
 * Afonso IV (1291-1357)
 * Pedro (1320-1367)
 * Fernando (1345-1383)

House Of Avis

 * João (1358-1433)
 * Duarte (1391-1438)
 * Afonso V(1432-1474)
 * Afonso VI (1455-1482)
 * Afonso VII (1475-1485)
 * João II (1457-1495)
 * João III (1487-1497)
 * Urraca I (1479-1547)
 * Afonso VIII (1480-1503) [King jure uxoris from 1498 to 1502]
 * Pedro II (1506-1561)
 * Dinis II (1525-1562)
 * Afonso X (1527-1580)
 * João IV (1555-1583)
 * Garcia I (1557-1587)
 * Urraca II (1559-1630)

House of Bragança

 * Afonso IX (1484-1543) [King jure uxoris from 1505 to 1543]

House of Lara

 * Nuno I (1559-1631) [King jure uxoris from 1587 to 1630]
 * Duarte II (1586-1640)
 * Nuno II (1606-1669)

Current Family
João I of Portugal (1358-1433)
 * Duarte of Portugal (1391-1438)
 * Afonso V Of Portugal (1432-1475) - Isabel of Coimbra (1433-1486)
 * Afonso VI (1455-1481) - Anne Of York (1439-)
 * Diogo (1474)
 * Afonso (1475-1485)
 * Leonor (1477-1483)
 * João II (1457-1495) - Eleanor Of Viseu (1458-1525)
 * Urraca Of Portugal (1479-1547) - Afonso IX of Portugal (1484-1543)/- Afonso VIII of Portugal (1480-1503)
 * Dinis (1498-1508)
 * Urraca (1502-1570)
 * Pedro II of Portugal (1506-1561) - Vitória of Sweden (1505-)
 * Urraca (1523-1586)
 * Dinis II of Portugal (1525-1562) - Catherine of France (1522-1560)
 * Joana (1550-1552)
 * Catarina (1555-1559)
 * Pedro (1557-1560)
 * Urraca (1558-1559)
 * Afonso (1560)
 * Afonso X of Portugal (1527-1580) - Selena of Bavaria (c.1533-)
 * João IV of Portugal (1555-1583)
 * Garcia I of Portugal (1557-1587) - Isabel de Barcelos (1558-1630)
 * Duarte of Portugal (1578-1586)
 * Urraca II Carina of Portugal (1559-1630) - Nuno VIII de Lara/I Of Portugal (1559-1633)
 * Olavo (1580)
 * Carlos (1582-1583)
 * Isabel (1584-)
 * Duarte II of Portugal (1586-) - Maria de Toledo (1584-)
 * Nuno (1605)
 * Duarte (1606)
 * Dinis (1608-)
 * Garcia (1611-)
 * Valdemar (1613-)
 * Teresa (1614-)
 * Constança (1617-)
 * Maria (1618-)
 * João (1621-)
 * Alfonso XIII of León (1588-1635) - Isabel de Castro (1589-)
 * Maria (1609-)
 * Juan IV of León (1611-1640)
 * Urraca (1612-)
 * Fernando VI of León (1614-1648)
 * Pedro II of León (1637-1650)
 * Juan V of León (1639-1662)
 * Isabel (1616-)
 * Alfonso XIV of León (1619-1683)
 * Manuel (1621-)
 * Nuno of Cantabria (1590-1611) - Joana of Castille (1585-1643)
 * Urraca (1608-)
 * Isabel (1610-)
 * Fernando VI of Castille (1612-)
 * Urraca (1591-)
 * Canuto of Guimarães/Nuno IX de Lara (1593-1620) - Margaret of Flanders (1594-1662)
 * Dinis III of Guimarães (1613-1666)
 * Nuno X de Lara (1615-1674)
 * Álvaro V de Lara (1638-1700)
 * Juan IV Nuñez de Lara (1617-)
 * Isabel (1618-)
 * Margarida (1620-)
 * Carina (1596-)
 * Sancha (1597-)
 * Pedro X, Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela (1599-1655)
 * Elvira (1600-)
 * Leonor (1563-)
 * Álvaro (1565-1585)
 * Joana (1530-)
 * Maria (1533-)
 * Inês (1537-)
 * Pedro V, Archbishop of Évora (1539-1623)
 * Afonso V of Bragança (1508-1556)
 * Duarte I of Bragança (1532-1591)
 * Fernando II of Bragança (1555-1614)
 * João I of Bragança (1577-1633)
 * Fernando II de Neiva (1534-1608)
 * Gonçalo II de Neiva (1557-1609)
 * João III de Ourém (1539-1581)
 * João IV de Ourém (1563-1584)
 * Afonso VI de Ourém (1566-1633)
 * Afonso VII de Ourém (1590-1658)
 * Isabel (1509-)
 * Manuel (1511-1513)
 * João III of Coimbra (1513-1535)
 * Maria (1515)
 * Constança (1517-)
 * Garcia of Coimbra (1518-1586) - Inês of Guimarães (1520-1574)
 * João V of Coimbra (1540-1591)
 * Garcia II of Coimbra (1560-1600)
 * Afonso IV of Coimbra (1584-1605)
 * Pedro III of Coimbra (1565-1629)
 * Antônio de Coimbra (1541-1566)
 * Dinis II of Guimarães (1565-1588)
 * João (1480-1481)
 * Teresa (1482-)
 * João III (1487-1497)
 * Maria (1487-1490)
 * Duarte Of Guimarães (1460-1512) - Filipa de Macedo (1462-1485)
 * Francisco (1482-1485)
 * stillborn son (1485)
 * Fernando I of Viseu (1433-1470) - Catarina of Reguengos (1430-1506)
 * João Of Viseu (1448-1472)
 * Diogo de Viseu (1450-1504)
 * Afonso VIII of Portugal (1480-1502)
 * Duarte of Beja (1454-1493)
 * Eleanor of Viseu (1458-1525)
 * Dinis of Beja (1460-1512)
 * Garcia of Viseu (1489-1550)
 * João II of Viseu (1510-1572)
 * Henrique II of Viseu (1534-1602)
 * Garcia II of Viseu (1558-1610)
 * Garcia III of Viseu (1584-1638)
 * Fernando II of Beja (1493-1552)
 * Afonso I of Beja (1515-1557)
 * Fernando III of Beja (1536-1560)
 * Urraca of Beja (1538-1594) - Afonso II Teles de Meneses (1536-1588)
 * Manuel Of Beja (1561-1619)
 * Afonso III of Beja (1584-1662)
 * Fernando IV of Beja (1607-1669)
 * Manuel II of Beja (1630-1697)
 * Afonso VI of Meneses (1567-1628)
 * Pedro II of Meneses (1588-1657)
 * Telo IV of Meneses (1610-1674)
 * Simão of Viseu (1463-1504)
 * Manuel of Guimarães (1469-1521)
 * Dinis of Guimarães (1498-1523)
 * Brás of Guimarães (1500-1523)
 * Inês of Guimarães (1520-1574)
 * Pedro I of Coimbra (1392-1449)
 * Isabel of Coimbra (1433-1486)
 * João I of Coimbra (1431-1457)
 * Pedro II of Coimbra (1429-1466)
 * Jaime of Coimbra (1434-1459)
 * Afonso I of Bragança (1377-1460)
 * Afonso II of Bragança (1402-1471)
 * Afonso III of Bragança (1438-1483)
 * Fernando I of Bragança (1462-1515)
 * Afonso IV de Bragança/IX of Portugal (1484-1543)
 * Duarte de Valença (1440-1493)
 * Pedro de Valença (1467-1506)
 * Duarte II de Valença (1489-1546)
 * Constança de Valença (1512-1579)
 * Nuno II de Barcelos (1441-1503)
 * Fernando I de Barcelos (1465-1514)
 * Joana de Barcelos (1486-1542)
 * Fernando II de Barcelos (1490-1516)
 * Manuel de Barcelos (1513-1520)
 * Nuno III de Barcelos (1494-1552)
 * João I de Barcelos (1515-1573)-Guiomar Coutinho (1510-1564)
 * Nuno IV de Barcelos (1533-1602)
 * João II de Barcelos (1556-1624)
 * Nuno de Barcelos (1577-1613)
 * Paulo de Barcelos (1600-1625)
 * Pedro I de Barcelos (1580-1649)
 * Nuno V de Barcelos (1601-1674)
 * Isabel de Barcelos (1558-1630)
 * Beatriz de Bragança (1442-1456) - Pedro II of Vila Real (1425-1499)
 * Fernando II of Vila Real (1463-1525)
 * Pedro III of Vila Real (1486-1551) - Brites de Lara (1500-1558)
 * Miguel I of Vila Real (1520-1563)
 * Manuel I of Vila Real (1524-1595)
 * Miguel II of Vila Real (1565-1637)
 * Luís of Vila Real (1570-1641)
 * Miguel III of Vila Real (1614-1665)
 * Afonso de Noronha (1504-1577)
 * Miguel de Noronha (1530-1592)
 * Afonso de Noronha (1551-1617) - Maria Brites of Linhares (1554-1605)
 * Miguel of Linhares (1585-1647)
 * Antônio I of Linhares (1464-1551)
 * Francisco I of Linhares (1507-1571)
 * Fernando I of Linhares (1530-1588)
 * Maria Brites of Linhares (1554-1605)
 * Brites of Vila Real (1460-1532) - Pedro III de Lara (1455-1512)
 * Nuno IV de Lara (1478-1514)
 * Brites de Lara (1500-1558)
 * Fernando I de Lara (1502-1526)
 * Nuno V de Lara (1521-1530)
 * Nuno VI de Lara (1504-1535)
 * Pedro IV de Lara (1525-1538)
 * Pedro V de Lara (1480-1544) - Joana de Barcelos (1486-1542)
 * Álvaro III de Lara (1504-1548)
 * Nuno VII de Lara (1526-1550)
 * Afonso II de Lara (1511-1582)
 * João III de Lara (1535-1591)
 * Fernando II de Lara (1556-1593)
 * Álvaro IV de Lara (1587-1600)
 * Nuno VIII de Lara (1559-1631)
 * Fernando of Vila Viçosa (1403-1478)
 * Fernando II of Vila Viçosa (1433-1495)
 * Jaime of Vila Viçosa (1459-1515)
 * João of Montemor-o-Novo (1435-1488)
 * Afonso of Faro (1436-1503) - Maria de Odemira (1440-1496)
 * Sancho II of Odemira (1468-1529)
 * Afonso II of Odemira (1491-1531)
 * Pedro of Odemira (1517-1533)
 * Sancho III of Odemira (1492-1537)
 * Sancho IV of Odemira (1515-1570) - Constança de Valença (1512-1579)
 * Sancho V of Odemira (1535-1608)
 * Afonso III of Odemira (1555-1610)
 * Henrique of Odemira (1576-1644)
 * Beatriz de Barcelos (1405-1440)
 * João de Renguengos (1400-1442) - Beatriz de Barcelos (1405-1440)
 * Isabel of Reguengos (1428-1496) - Juan II of Castille (1405-1454)
 * Isabel of Castille (1451-1504) - Frederick von Habsburg/Fadrique I of Castille (1453-1513)
 * Maximiliano I of Castille (1484-1550)
 * Juan of Castille (1506-1543)
 * Fernando V of Castille (1528-1552)
 * Maximiliano II of Castille (1510-1569)
 * Alfonso XIII of Castille (1534-1577)
 * Fadrique II of Castille (1560-1614)
 * Joana of Castille (1585-1633)
 * Maximiliano III of Jaén (1591-1623)
 * Alfonso XII of Castille (1453-1474)
 * Catarina de Reguengos (1430-1506)

Positive

 * Scandinavia: personal union, alliance.
 * Venice: alliance, former enemies on the First Galician war.
 * Bonoman: aliance
 * León: personal union, alliance.
 * Castille : personal union, alliance, former enemies of innumerous wars.
 * Granada: trade agreement.
 * Papal States: Revered, but no formal relations.
 * Burgundy: alliance, apparently.

Neutral

 * Wales: looking for good relations.
 * Brandenburg
 * Cyprus
 * Anhalt: previous royal marriages in the past.
 * Other HRE states
 * France: supported the (later victorious) Auvergne faction in the French civil war.

Negative

 * Kappelianist states
 * Charrua: Possible danger to settlements on Cisplatina.
 * Aimoré: The settlers on Espírito Santo are constantly at war with them.
 * Caeté: Cannibals.
 * The Caliphate: An entity that was abhorred by all of Europe until its demise in 1576.