Yun Chi-ho (Cherry, Plum, and Chrysanthemum)

Gukbu Yun Chi-ho (尹致昊; 윤치호; also known by a pen name Chwa-ong, December 26, 1864 – December 9, 1945) was a Korean nationalist activist and one of early prominent leaders of Korean independence movement. He was a strong supporter for reform and modernization of Joseon Dynasty during the end of 19th century. He also took a part on the opposition movement against the partition of Korea following the end of Russo-Japanese War and helped to found the New People's Association in 1901. After the Japanese Revolution of 1918 and the Korean independence movement of 1919, Yun was participated on the National Congress of Korea at Gwangju in 1920.

Together with 10 other delegates of the National Congress, Yun went to Kyoto and negotiated the independence of Korea with the government of the Republic of Japan on March 1920. The negotiations then resulted to the nullification of Japan-Korea Treaty of 1905 that made southern Korea a protectorate of Japan and the signing of new Japan-Korea Treaty of 1920 that granted the political and cultural autonomy to the Koreans and the promise to re-establish Korean independence within the 20-year period of economic and social reforms in Korea by Japan. Yun then served as the first Japanese High Commissioner for Korea from 1920 to 1945. During his long tenure, Korea oversaw the Second Sino-Japanese War that reunited the northern and southern provinces of Korea under the Seoul-based General Government of Korea, a period of rapid industrialization and modernization, and the victory over China during World War II.

For his role on the Korean struggle for independence as well as his long tenure as High Commissioner of Korea, de facto head of state of the country between 1920 and 1950, Yun was referred as the "Grand Old Man of Korea" (웅대한 원로, ungdaehan wonro). Following his death in 1945, he was posthumously granted the honorific Gukbu (國父, literally, "Father of the Nation") by the National Congress of Korea and was designated in the preamble of current Korean constitution as the country's "Eternal Teacher" alongside Park Chung-hee who designated as the country's "Eternal Commander".