Diplomacy and International Affairs (Cromwell the Great)

- After the European Revolutionary Wars a new phase of diplomatic relations came necessary. The Final Act of the Peace of Vienna installed the Congress System. Several new international conferences and organization followed with the advancement of communication (postal, semaphore and telegraph) and transport (steam ships and railroads). -

Congress System
The Congress System refers to the international meetings were the Great Powers jointly called or assisted. The congresses of conferences had no written rules or permanent institutions, but at times of crisis or resolve issues of common interest any of the Great Powers could propose a conference.

The idea of a European federation had been already raised by several figures. The Congress System, as developed on recommendation of the Final Act of the Congress of Vienna, drew upon their ideas and the notion of a balance of power in international relations, so that the ambitions of each Great Power would be restrained by the others.

A more formal association, the Fraternity of Nations, was established by France.

Members or guest to the Congresses

 * The Great Powers Also called the Hexarchy or Heptarchy, if Ottoman Empire is included
 * 1) Flag_of_the_Commonwealth_(1658-1660).svg British Commonwealth
 * 2) Flag of France.svg French Republic
 * 3) Flag of Oryol (variant).svg Tsardom of Russia
 * 4) Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg Austrian Empire
 * 5) Union_Jack_of_Sweden_and_Denmark.png United Kingdom of Denmark, Sweden and Norway
 * 6) Civil_flag_of_Prussia_1701-1935.svg Kingdom of Prussia
 * 7) Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg Ottoman Empire


 * Guests and observer states
 * Flag of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1738).svg Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
 * Statenvlag.svg Dutch Republic
 * Grand_Duchy_of_Flanders_(CtG).png Grand-Duchy of Flanders
 * Flag_Portugal_(1495).svg Kingdom of Portugal
 * Flag of Rhineland (TNE).png Rhenania
 * Flag of Bavaria (striped).svg Kingdom of Bavaria
 * ATL Flag Poland-Lithuania-Ruthenia (CtG).png Commonwealth of Three Nations
 * Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg Kingdom of Spain
 * Alleged flag of the Rhine Confederation 1806-13.svg Confederation of the Rhine
 * Flag of the Italian Republic (1802).svg Italian Republic
 * Swiss republic.png Helvetic Confederation
 * Flag of Quebec (FTBW).svg Republic of Louisiana
 * Flag of Haiti.svg Republic of Haiti
 * Flag of Saxony (state).svg Kingdom of Saxony
 * Pommernflagpm3.png Republic of Pommern

Fraternity of Nations
The Fraternity of Nations (Fraternité des Nations, FN) is loose association of nations in Europe, America, Asia, Oceania, Australasia and Africa.

The Charter of Friendship, singed in Paris, was the result of French diplomacy that seeked to counter the alliances and treaties being worked out and established by Britain, Prussia, Russian and Scandinavia. It can described in its beginnings as being under the overwhelming control of the French Republic but has become based more in power sharing in recent years.

Organization
All the members states of the FN have a seat with two, one and half votes in the Chamber of Nations (Chambre des Nations). The chamber is the main deliberative body of the FN, voting on resolutions and recommendations on peace, trade, election of members to organs of the FN, admission, suspension and expulsion of member states, and monetary issues. The chamber meets twice a year. Meetings of the chamber are presided over by the President, who is elected by the member-states every five years. It also elects the directors of the Governing Council for a two year period.

The FN can also, by a majority of the Chamber of Nations can invite non member states to have the status of observers.

Its member states also take part in International Telegraph Union (ITU) and Universal Postal Union (UPU) that are defined as technical organizations in the Charter of Friendship and do not compromise the agreements and resolutions of the FN.

Organs
The FN has many specialized organs and institutions each of which deals with a particular issue.
 * World Arbitration Court: A universal court to determine cases of international law in the disputes between members of the FN.
 * The International Bank for Industrial Credit: A financial institution that lends money and issues insurance to countries for public works.
 * Central Commission for Navigation on the Rhine an regional organization whose function is to encourage prosperity by guaranteeing the security for navigation of the Rhine and environs.

Member states

 * States with two votes
 * Flag of France.svg French Republic
 * Flag of Rhineland (TNE).png Rhenanian Republic (Rhenania)
 * Flag of the Italian Republic (1802).svg Italian Republic
 * Flag of Bavaria (striped).svg Kingdom of Bavaria
 * ATL Flag Poland-Lithuania-Ruthenia (CtG).png Commonwealth of Three Nations
 * Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg Ottoman Empire


 * States with one vote
 * Flag Hannover (TNE).png Free State of Hanover-Westphalia
 * Flag of Württemberg.svg Kingdom of Württemberg
 * Flag of Corsica.svg Corsican Republic
 * Flag of the Republic of Alba.svg Piedmontese Republic
 * Flag of the Kingdom of Etruria.svg Republic of Etruria
 * Flag of Genoa.svg Ligurian Republic
 * Flag Illyria Yugoslavia South Slavic (TNE).png Illyria
 * Flag of Lucca.svg Republic of Lucca
 * Flagge Großherzogtum Hessen mit Wappen.svg Kingdom of Hesse
 * Flag of the Grandduchy of Wurzburg.svg Grand Duchy of Würzburg
 * Flag of Baden.svg Grand Duchy of Baden
 * Flag of Quebec (FTBW).svg Republic of Louisiana


 * States with half a vote
 * Flag of San Marino.svg Republic of San Marino
 * Flag of the Republic of Senarica.svg Republic of Senarica
 * Flag of Liechtenstein (1719-1852).svg Principality of Liechtenstein
 * Flagge Herzogtum Braunschweig.svg Duchy of Brunswick
 * Flag of Hohenzollern (The Kalmar Union).svg.png Principality of Hohenzollern
 * Flag of Frankfurt am Main.svg Free City of Frankfurt


 * Observer states
 * Alleged flag of the Rhine Confederation 1806-13.svg Confederation of the Rhine
 * Swiss republic.png Helvetic Confederation
 * Pommernflagpm3.png Republic of Pommern
 * Flag of Mysore.svg Kingdom of Mysore
 * Asafia flag of Hyderabad State.png State of Hyderabad
 * Flag of Kingdom of Travancore.svg Kingdom of Travancore
 * Kingdom of Coorg
 * Flag of Haiti.svg Republic of Haiti
 * Flag of Saxony (state).svg Kingdom of Saxony

-