Principia Moderni IV (Map Game)

The Ming Dynasty still rules over the vast lands of China; on the other side of the world, the Hundred Years War continues between England and France. Europe is still stuck in the old ways of feudalism and chivalry while the notions of a New World are considered figments of imagination. We welcome you to the long awaited fourth expansion of that immortal series. Welcome to Principia Moderni IV! Starting in 1400 AD, this is the dawn of the modern world and the tail end of the Middle Ages. The Renaissance is just kicking off in Europe, while the nations in the western side of the continent are locked in the last gasp of the Hundred Years War. The Muslim world is still reeling from the invasions of Turks and Mongols, with the Caliphate resting in the collapsing Mamluk Egypt and the Ottomans on the rise in Anatolia. Make it count.

The first game was the most successful on the wiki, leading all the way to the modern day with mostly plausible posts and little controversy. The second game reached almost to the modern day, but failed due to a plethora of ASB events and moderator bias. The third game was much more worthy of the first, almost running into implausibility but climbing back into a shining glory by the end. Riding on the latest reforms of map games since the end of PMIII, this is the most logical next step in that evolution. Remember  above all other rules — have fun.

The Map
1450 AD

Important Pages

 * Rules and Algorithm
 * Holy Roman Empire
 * Feudal Dynasties
 * College of Cardinals

Active
If you wish to be a moderator, contact Scraw.
 * For now on mods are assigned to hemispheres to do modding --Nate
 * Lord Commander Scraw - India/South Asia
 * First Ranger Edgeofnight - Americas
 * First Steward CourageousLife - something
 * First Builder JoshTheRoman - Africa
 * Commander of the Shadow Tower Monster Pumpkin - Eastern Europe/Balkans
 * Septon Nathan1123 - East/Southeast Asia
 * Commander of the Eastwatch by the Sea Reximus55 -  Mid East/Central A sia
 * Supreme Sensual Samrat SkyGreen24 - Western/Northern Europe
 * Maester (Checks the mods): Callumthered - creeps on everyone
 * Mapmaker NicDonalds

Honorary

 * Former First Steward ForsakenPear

Guidelines

 * Nations in bold are reserved for users of plausible reputation.
 * If you want to be a tribal nation, add the name tribe into their respective region. They are not shown on the map.
 * Personal Union: A monarch rules over two nations. If this is the case, these nations are in an alliance, but are not played by the same player. They are not a vassal unless stated otherwise.
 * Dynastic Union: Two nations have a monarch of the same dynasty. If this is the case, these nations are not in alliance and are not played by the same player. They are not vassals unless stated otherwise. However, if the cadet branch of the dynasty dies out, the main branch can inherit. However, if the main dynasty dies out, the cadet branch can not inherit.
 * Vassal/Client Nations: Are automatically played by controlling nation unless stated otherwise.
 * When posting as your nation, make sure you use the name of your nation that is directly on the nation list or something similar to it.

British Isles

 * Kingdom of England: Person67
 * Principality of Wales (Under English Control) - Person67
 * Kingdom of Ireland - RedDragon2000
 * Kingdom of Scotland:Person67

France

 * Kingdom of France / Valois: NicDonalds
 * Marquisate of Saluzzo - NicDonalds
 * Duchy of Provence - NicDonalds
 * Duchy of Burgundy (Dynastic Union with Valois) - I am that guy (talk)
 * County of Burgundy (Personal Union under the Duchy of Burgundy) - I am that guy (talk)
 * Flanders (Personal Union with Burgundy) - I am that guy (talk)
 * Duchy of Brittany (Vassal of France) - NicDonalds
 * Duchy of Orléans (Dynastic Union with Valois) - NicDonalds
 * Blois (Personal Union under Orléans) - NicDonalds
 * Dunois (Personal Union under Orléans) - NicDonalds
 * Périgord (Personal Union under Orléans) - NicDonalds
 * Parthenay - NicDonalds
 * Kingdom of Navarre (Personal Union with France) - NicDonalds
 * Avignon (to Papal States)- Callumthered (talk) 23:22, September 6, 2016 (UTC)

Iberian Peninsula

 * Crown of Aragon:— WikiBuilder1147
 * Sicily — WikiBuilder1147
 * Sardinia — WikiBuilder1147
 * Crown of Castile -
 * Kingdom of Gibraltar - ~Edge
 * Kingdom of Morocco - ~Edge
 * Liguria: ~Edge
 * Athens: ~Edge
 * Madeira: ~Edge
 * Kingdom of Portugal -

Italy

 * Kingdom of Italy  -  Rex
 * Duchy of Milan -  Rex
 * Duchy of Savoy - Rex
 * Kingdom of Naples  (Personal Union with Italy)  - Rex
 * Corfu - Rex
 * Cephalonia - Rex
 * Epirus  -  Rex
 * Morea - Rex
 * The Papal States - Callumthered (talk) 23:22, September 6, 2016 (UTC)
 * Piombino -
 * d'Asti -

Balkans

 * Kingdom of Greece - NathanialPrice
 * Berat - NathanialPrice
 * Ottoman Empire -
 * Wallachia -
 * Dulkadir -
 * Roman Empire -The.Brick.Battle (talk)
 * Lemnos -
 * Knights of St. John (Rhodes and Crete) -
 * Trebizond (Gurkani vassal) - Rimp
 * Zeta -
 * Raska -
 * Dukagjini -
 * Croia (vassal of Naples) - Rex

Scandinavia

 * Kingdom of Denmark - KawaiiKame (talk)
 * Greenland - KawaiiKame (talk)
 * Holstein - KawaiiKame (talk)
 * Kingdom of Norway -
 * Iceland - Belial
 * Faroes - Belial
 * Shetland - Belial
 * Orkney - Belial
 * Kingdom of Sweden (In Personal Union with Denmark) - ~AM

Russia

 * Grand Boyardom of Russia -
 * Republic of Pskov - Supergamer1

Baltic

 * Teutonic Order - EiplecOco

Holy Roman Empire
(Underline indicates Prince-Electors)

Alpine

 * Swiss Confederacy - Patriot40

Bohemia

 * Kingdom of Bohemia - Blocky858 (talk)
 * Moravia - Blocky858 (talk)
 * Silesia - Blocky858 (talk)
 * Saxony - Blocky858 (talk)
 * Meissen - Blocky858 (talk)
 * Nuremburg - Blocky858 (talk)

Low Countries

 * County of Holland -
 * County of Hainut (Personal Union under Holland) -
 * Duchy of Lorraine -
 * Duchy of Brabant (Personal Union under Burgundy) - I am that guy (talk)
 * Duchy of Limburg (Personal Union under Burgundy) - I am that guy (talk)

German

 * Margraviate of Brandenburg - With Blood and Iron (talk)
 * Duchy of Luxembourg (Personal Union under Bradenburg) - With Blood and Iron (talk)
 * Cologne (Archbishopric)  -  NonsensicalJourney  ( talk
 * Essen - NonsensicalJourney (talk)
 * Free City of Hamburg - Redbaran45 (talk)
 * Landgraviate of Hesse -
 * Duchy of Jülich - Willster22 (User talk:Willster22)
 * Geldern - Willster22 (User talk:Willster22)
 * Berg (Dynastic Union with Jülich) -
 * Duchy of Thuringen - Scarlet Outlaw
 * Mainz -
 * Bremen -
 * Prince-bisphoric of Trier -
 * Oldenburg - Newalle
 * Archduchy of Austria -Lx (leave me a message)Azarath Flag.png
 * Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg (Vassal of Austria): -Lx (leave me a message)Azarath Flag.png
 * County of Habsburg-Wurttemberg (Ruled by Austrian Heir Apparent after age 16)-Lx (leave me a message)Azarath Flag.png
 * Bavaria (Personal Union with Austria)
 * County Palatinate of the Rhine -
 * Mainz (Archbishopric) -
 * Brunswick - AngryShangryDave

Eastern Europe

 * Hungary - Blocky858 (talk)
 * Cilli (Vassal of Hungary) - Blocky858 (talk)
 * Serbia (Vassal of Hungary) - Blocky858 (talk)
 * Croatia - SkyGreen24
 * Republic of Ragusa/Dubrovnik - Sky

Poland-Lithuania

 * Poland-Lithuania -
 * Moldavia (Vassal of Poland-Lithuania) -

Middle East

 * Oman -
 * Gurkani Sultanate -
 * Khedivate of Trabzon -
 * Yemen -

North and East Africa

 * Alwah -
 * Abbasid Caliphate -


 * Emirate of the Maghreb -
 * Ethiopia - Tharpe
 * Ifat -
 * Swahili- Fallacyman (talk)
 * Tripoli -

West Africa

 * Bamoun -
 * Empire of Benin - Flag of the Xanian Empire.svg Flag of Xyon.svg Vivaporius: "I don't need a slogan"
 * Biram -
 * Bornu -
 * Daura -
 * Gobir -
 * Gurma -
 * Kano -
 * Katsina -
 * Wagadugu -
 * Zamfara -
 * Zaria -

Sub-Saharan Africa

 * Kingdom of Buganda -
 * Kingdom of Kongo -Tullin
 * Empire of Luba -Warrioroffreedom123
 * Kingdom of Zimbabwe - Nlenhardt

South Asia

 * Bahmanis - The Guardian of Forever (talk)
 * Bengal -
 * Delhi Sultanate -
 * Mithila -
 * Nepal -
 * Warangal -

Southeast Asia

 * Assa - LordMarlborough
 * Ayuthia -
 * Champa -
 * Chieng Mai -
 * Kedah - MegaloKaiser
 * Khmer Empire - THIS...   IS...   KHMER!
 * Lan Xang -
 * Pegu -
 * Sukhothai -
 * Toungoo -
 * Vietnam -

Asian Islands

 * Banggai -
 * Becan -
 * Berau -
 * Brunei -
 * Bungku -
 * Buol -
 * Igorot  -
 * Jailolo -
 * Kutei -
 * Laiwu -
 * Majapahit Empire - Through Stars We Rise. (Welcome to the Universe).
 * Sulu -
 * Ternate -
 * Tidore -
 * Tondo - Erizium (talk)
 * Huangdom of Ma-I - (Tondo vassal/same dynasty) Erizium (talk)
 * Huangdom of Pangasinan - (Vassal) Erizium (talk)

East and Central Asia

 * Ming dynasty – Yank 02:06, August 26, 2016 (UTC)
 * Ashikaga shogunate – Crim de la Kremlin - "This is my signature. That means I just posted." 20:50, August 31, 2016 (UTC)
 * Joseon
 * Kingdom of Tibet - Toby2: THEY CALL ME Mr. Awesome!!! 19:30, August 6th, 2016 (UTC)
 * Oirat Khanate -
 * Mongolia -
 * Astrakhan Khanate -
 * Chagatai Khanate -
 * Sakha - Shikata ga nai!
 * Haixi Jurchens (tribe) -

South America

 * Runorqo Empire: -Nova
 * Aymara -
 * Wanka -
 * Sican -
 * Chiribaya -
 * Mapuche -

Mesoamerica

 * Aztecs:
 * Tlacopan (Triple Alliance) -
 * Texcoco (Triple Alliance) -
 * Alotepec -
 * Astatlan  -
 * Ayutitlan  -
 * Azmola  -
 * Chalca  -
 * Chametian  -
 * Cholula  -
 * Coaiztlahuacan  -
 * Coatzacualco  -
 * Coinan  -
 * Colimotl  -
 * Cuitzeo  -
 * Culican  -
 * Guaspaltepec  -
 * Huaxyacac  -
 * Huetzcotzingo  -
 * Huextla  -
 * Hueyacocotlan  -
 * Icpatepec  -
 * Itzyocan  -
 * Matlatzinco  -
 * Mazahuacan  -
 * Metztitlan  -
 * Miahuatlan  -
 * Michoacan  - Thisismacedon
 * Mixtlan  -
 * Nuuntoo  -
 * Oztoman  -
 * Quetzalapan  -
 * Quetzaltepec  -
 * Teloloapan  -
 * Tlaollan  -
 * Tlaxcalan  -
 * Tochpan  -
 * Tollan  -
 * Tollantzinco  -
 * Tolocan  -
 * Tonallan  -
 * Totonac Empire (rekt)-
 * Tarascan Empire (In PU with Totonacapan) (rekt) -
 * Tototepec  -
 * Ualtepec  -
 * Xaltepec  -
 * Xilotan  -
 * Xiuhcoac  -
 * Xiuhtepec  -
 * Xiquipilco  -
 * Zapotec -

Yucatan

 * Mayapan League - Cour *talk*
 * Acalan
 * Chactemal
 * Chiapan
 * Chilapa
 * Chicomuceltec
 * Chiya
 * Comitan
 * Copanahuastla
 * Cuscatlan
 * Iximche
 * Mapachtepec
 * Mazanahau
 * Potonchan
 * Tayasal
 * Totoncalco
 * Uatlan
 * Yahualulco
 * Xicallanco

North America

 * Iroquois Confederacy - Sladather
 * Wichita - Kaiserwilhelm3
 * Cherokee Collective - IstocnoSarajevo (talk)

Oceana

 * Ngarrindjeri Confederacy - Oh, I didn't mean to push that button! † Oh, well leave a message I guess

The Wildlings
All users currently on the wiki may play unless otherwise noted.

Plausibility Strikes
'''Three strikes and you're out! Each strike resets after 30 years of the most recent strike.'''
 * Nova - I (1432)
 * Bel - I (1440)
 * Red - I (1440)
 * KK - I (1440)
 * Tim - I (1440)
 * Oct - I (1441)
 * Viva- II (1449)



1450
''' The Duke of Burgundy, Philip, slips on a deep puddle of horse excrement while touring throughout his Dutch holdings. He breaks his neck, and soon thereafter dies. This leads to rival claims from the Queen of Morocco and the heir of Burgundy, leading to tension between Castile and France. At the same time, the younger son of Duke Philip claims that his father left him the Netherlands and he starts an armed campaign to liberate the Netherlands, which gains substantial traction. '''

''' With the Brandenburgers disrupting Teutonic merchants the Order reroutes their trade and inadvertently spreads the message of Brandenburg-Luxembourg disrupting trade, which in light of the economic troubles of Europe is seen in a bad light. '''

''' At a thrall market in southern Norway, an Irishman by the name of Declan O’Connor (Great General) leads a rebellion against the oppressive thrall trade. Soon, most of Scandinavia is up in arms as the thralls seize a major arms depot near Bohuslän and threaten to fight until they are liberated. '''

''' The semicentennial Imperial Diet is to be hosted this year in Nuremberg (See the HRE page if applicable). Also, the recently introduced Imperial Circles each need to have an election for the Circle Leader. '''


 * Duchy of Burgundy: in the wake of Duke Philips untimely death, the coronation of Duke Charles is held off as news his illegitimate half-brother, David, had claimed the crown of the entire Netherlands. Worse yet, he's found support amongst many in the northern Netherlands. Loyalist forces manage to retain control in Flanders, Artois, Hainault, Namur, and southern Brabant, allowing Charles time to gather his army, which he does so around Mons. Despite David's host being half again as large as Charles', Charles displays the military mind learned from the years of instruction in command. Field artillery is also utilized, as lessons from the Hussite wars continue to be utilized. Philips army retreats following the Battle of Breda, chased into his territory by Charles. Meanwhile, the Navy under John de Luxembourg, who tutored Charles for two years, establishes a tight blockade on David's ports, depriving them of their much needed imports. David's nascent navy puts up a desperate defense, but ultimately cannot match the Victor of Elba. The influential merchant cartels, who have grown thanks to the support of the House of Burgundy, fearful of losing both their wealth and that same support, begun pushing for the rebel provinces to turn to Charles. The ports of Middelburg and Amsterdam are the first to declare for Charles. As news of the defections come in, desertion becomes commonplace in David's camp, among both individual soldiers and lords themselves. Ultimately, David's much depleted army meets Charles' outside The Hague, David's last stronghold, and is soundly defeated. David himself is captured, although Charles take pity on him and spares him from execution in favor of imprisonment. The civil war is over by mid-October, and Charles receives his coronation in Ghent as Duke of Burgundy. He maintains his presence in the Netherlands to discourage further rebellion, and keeps his army and navy mobilized for the time being while Beatrice of Morocco maintains her claim. By the time the Bohemian army arrives, the Burgundian army is rested and resupplied, and it's suggested to the Bohemian commander that he, in the name of Wencelaus, renounce support for David and turn for home.


 * The Gurkani Sultanate: Sultan Zeeshan Beg Mirza continued his rule over the Sultanate. The Gurkani population rose to about 26 million with the people flocking to cities like Herat, Isfahan, Gamrun, Qazvin, Bukhara, Tabriz and Iskenderun; primarily due to their strategic position in the spice trade. In regards to religion, the Sultanate promoted Shia Islam, and advocated conversion to the Zaidi sect from other Islamic sects, often engaging in forced conversions. The military was primarily composed of medium-to-heavy cavalry, composite bow, lance, mace, and sword. Heavy cavalrymen wore plated chain mail or metal lamellar armor, with their horses also wearing leather or metal lamellar barding. The infantry was equipped with daggers and swords to be utilised in close combat against the enemy and elephants as well as carts were used for the transportation of supplies. Cannons were constructed to serve as siege weaponry whilst hand cannons and rocket launchers were developed as gunpowder became increasingly popular. Naval bases were established at Iskenderun, Trabzon and Gamrun to establish the presence of the Gurkani fleet in the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea and the Persian Gulf respectively, keen on controlling any piracy. The Gurkani Navy developed galleys and carracks to augment the smaller patrol fleets. Agriculture and commerce were at the Sultanate's forepoint, with wheat, rice and barley being amongst the largest produced crops. To prevent the Sultanate from ever getting hit by a major famine, the individual Amirs also engaged in the storage of food supplies, which would be utilized in case of famine or otherwise exported. Fishery was promoted as well as it helped in sustaining the fishery villages that were present along the coast, as well as the major port cities of Iskenderun, Basra, Gamrun, Kerch and Trabzon. Importance was also given on the development of proper roads for the merchants utilizing the trade routes through the Sultanate, with all caravans being armed and protected with a small detachment of guards. Meanwhile, the construction of educational madrassahs continued throughout the Empire, with the sultan keen on spreading education and knowledge amongst the populace of the Sultanate. The Sultan sought to replicate the Islamic Golden Age that existed during the period of the Abbasids prior to the Mongol Invasion, and accordingly funded the teaching of Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, with Algebra, Geometry, Astronomy, Anatomy and Medicine being of prime importance. The lingua franca promoted throughout the Sultanate was also Persian, primarily due to the fact that Persian had existed as the language spoken by communities in the region for centuries and as such served as an excellent language for communication. The Sultanate continued to expand its territories into the Caucasus and the Persian Gulf islands. Ever since the royal conversion to Zaidism, the number of Zaidi Muslims in the Sultanate continued to increase with hundreds of thousands converting annually, most of them concentrated in Mesopotamia, Levant and Tabriz with minor communities also existing in Yazd, Herat, and Gamrun. With the elevation of Al Mansur An Nasir as the Zaidi Caliph last year, the number of converts to Zaidism vastly increased with most of the Ismaili and Jafari sects having already converted to Zaidism. The recent conversion of Mogadishu and Bahamani to Zaidism also strengthened the international position of the Gurkani Sultanate as it increased the global influence of the Zaidi Caliph whilst diminishing that of the Abbasid Caliph. In Persia, opinion regarding Al Najm had already reached rock-bottom amongst the Sunni and Shia communities with the Abbasid False Caliph being famously referred to as Al Najm Fajua or Al Najm the Disaster. The Abbasid Caliph had been dubbed this title for his actions during the Tigris War where he marched his army to a complete massacre at Mosul, and simultaneously left the Ottomans completely open to the Bohemian attack. Some reports even suggested that the Al Najm fled from the battlefield wearing a Burqa, and tried to seduce nomads in the Syrian desert. Meanwhile, the Caliph, Al Mansur An Nasir once again reiterated his promise of refuge for all Shia communities across the globe, calling upon them to leave the lands of the oppressive Sunnis and to instead migrate to the lands of the Shia. Along the same time, work continued on the construction of a fortified crossing connecting both sides of the Kerch Straits.
 * Khedivate of Trabzon: Amir Julius Megas Komnenos continued his reign over the Sultanate. Acting as a vassal to the Gurkani Sultanate, he would only be answerable to the Gurkani Amir. The military and the navy were developed along the same lines as their Gurkani counterparts, with a major naval base constructed at the city of Trabzon, where the Trabzon fleet was also situated. Trabzoni authorities continue to work on the construction of a fleet at Trabzon, working side by side with Castilian authorities. The Trabzon Amir, Julius Komnenos would continue to develop the trade route leading from his Black Sea port of Trabzon, connecting it to the city of Tabriz, hoping to make the spice trade routes much more advanced and efficient.
 * Korea, galvanized by Japanese aggression, continues massive naval build-up. Obsolete models of ships or those worn out are retired from service, and scrapped for any salvageable parts to construct new ships – mainly bigeodo, gwaseon, and junks. Cannons and gunpowder weapons are armed to the royal army and navy, with many ships now having artillery. Arsenals in coastal cities are improved upon in case of Japanese aggression, and to protect against piracy. Patrols are done in neighbouring waters, to consolidate naval presence and to monitor what comes in and out of the area. With a disturbing increase in Japanese military activities, seen as detrimental to Korean progress, hyeopseon are sent to provide logistics on Japanese activity. Korea refuses to bow down to the Japanese, refusing to stop expansion into Hokkaido and Sakhalin. The Haesi colonies are further expanded, being fortified in case of a Japanese attack. Korean interpreters try to entice the Ainu to join the settlements and to adopt Korean culture, in exchange for a sum of five pounds of silver coinage per family. The trading post in Taiwan, Seotaeman, is upgraded into a full-fledged colony. Two hundred more colonists, as well as needed materials, are shipped there, and surrounding arable land is cultivated in hopes it could be self-sufficient in the future. Just like in Haesi, Korean interpreters are sent to local settlements, and convince locals to join Seotaeman and adopt Korean culture, in exchange for money. Korea continues vigorous expansion northeast into the Manchu coast, forcefully assimilating local ethnic groups along the way. Mahayana Buddhism under the Yi sect, which fuses Confucian doctrines and Muist rites, becomes increasingly ingrained into Korean culture. Korea continues to experience increasing affluence under a meritocratic bureaucracy. Yi Do continues the encouragement of mercantile activities and commerce. Wealthy yangban patronize the arts and literature. Buildings are upscaled in beauty and sophistication to reflect Korea's growing affluence, while more people, especially those in the yangban, chung-in, and sang-in castes, choose to partake in education.
 * King Mikkael I: After the slaves revolt in Norway and the rest of Scandinavia. I offer nothing less than freedom and gold to Declan O'Connor and his followers. Mod Response. (More to come.)
 * ​O'Connor accepts this. -Nate
 * The citizens of the new Kingdom of Greece celebrate in the streets of the capital of Thessaloniki, the largest city in the kingdom. As a kingdom without a king, the city hosts the Conference of Thessaloniki in order to elect a new king. We invite every European nation to nominate one candidate to be the King of Greece and to show why he should be king at the conference. Meanwhile, the Greek Cardinals vote for a pope in the Papal Conclave and the Hellenic Fleet is established at Thessaloniki with 20 ships, along with the designs for the Neve-class warship from the Duchy of Naxos. The Interregnum Hellenic Government offers protection to the countries of Berat, Dukagjini and Raska, keeping the countries under the same leaders but under the protection and suzerainty of the Kingdom of Greece [MOD, PLEASE].
 * Berat agrees while Dukagjini and Raška decline.
 * Runorqo Empire: The Empire continues constructions of fortifications and essential castles throughout the Empire. Expansion to the south continues and canals, forts and roads are built as the Empire expands. Research into better ships and weaponry continues. The Empire halts expansion for this year, taking the time to integrate its new lands and properly administer them. The Emperor's wife gives birth to a daughter. Ships begin exploring farther and farther, and maps can now somewhat accurately chart the coast of the Empire and parts of the interior, allowing intercity and domestic trade to grow somewhat as travel is now more accurate allowing trips to be more direct. Runorqo citizens begin to expand trade as bronze starts becoming more common outside of the military, creating better pots and pans for cooking, as well as the invention of a two-pronged utensil that is used to pierce and hold food.
 * Kingdom of Tondo: With the recent passing of the beloved monarch, Rajah Gambang, the nation mourns. Diyang Kalangitan assumes the throne, and takes no man to be her husband. Instead, she declares that on the eve of her death, the nobility of Tondo, Ma-I, and Pangasinan shall have an electorate regarding the successor of the united realms of Tondo.  Kalangitan further consolidates her poweriscreetely assigning political opponents to far-flung provinces of Tondo or to Tondo's vassals of Ma-I and Pangasinan, or to colonization attempts in Palawan, Busuang and Samar. The government of Tondo can be roughly described as a Federal Monarchy, with each province ruled by a council with members proportionate to the province's population. Diyang Kalangitan invites the Huang of Pangasinan, his daughter and Ma-I's regency council, and officials from every province to draft something akin to an OTL constitution, namely, the Saligang Batas ng Tondo at Nasasakupan Nito (Constitution of the sovereign Kingdom of Tondo and all its holdings and possessions). As Maynila is one of the richest cities in South East Asia, it is now high-time to create a lasting legacy for it. A series of bridges and canals connecting the Pasig and Tagik (OTL Taguig) Rivers and all their tributaries to provide acquatic transportation, ease movement of goods, and simply build bridges above the waterways to ease the transportation of people in the Greater Tondo Province (OTL Metro Manila). To prevent problems of income inequality and unequal development, selected families in the capital are given incentives of food and gold to relocate to developing towns and cities in Cavite, Romblon and Samar. A road network has already connected Tondo Province to Cavite, and a series of roads from southeastern and southern Luzon to Pangasinan has already began construction. Tondo metallurgical capabilities increase as blast furnaces and ironforges are built all around the state. The port of Maynila is further expanded, with the navy increasing by 25 small ships and seven war junks. Trade with nearby states continue. Tondo continues expansion in Samae, Palawan and Busuanga. 2000 additional soldiers are trained. Kalangitan orders 400 ships to move to patrol the Visayas archipelago, mainly  to protect the trade routes, and secretly to intimidate Cebu. Expansion into Palawan, Negros and Samar continues.
 * Huangdom of Ma-I: With Tondo's grace, Ma-I settles the western part of Busuanga Island, and dedicates 100 citizens there. Li Han thrives as a cultural and financial capital of Ma-I, while Beigang immediately becomes the second port of Tondo, and conducts trade regularly with nearby nations.
 * Huangdom of Pangasinan: With Tondo's grace, Pangasinan expands into Central and Northern Luzon, attempting to assimilate the mountain and Igorot tribes located nearby to access the massive agricultural treasure in the Banaue Rice Terraces and the farmlands of Central Luzon. The administrative capital city, Pangasinan, begins construction of a road connecting it to Maynila. Blast furnace construction continues, and a small defense fleet of 15 ships is allotted by Tondo to Pangasinan. Pangasinense traders report sightings of small islands west of Luzon, and scouts are sent by Pangasinan to verify their claims. Pangasinan claims these islands west of Mainland Luzon, now named as the Gambang Islands in honor of Rajah Gambang  (OTL Scarborough Shoal)
 * Kingdom of Ireland: We begin constructing a Royal Palace to be finished in 1453, as well as expanding the road network across the country which will also be finished in 1453. We assemble a Parliament with a House of Commons for Knights of the Shire and Mayors as well as a House of Lords for nobility and Irish Chieftains. We continue to expand our education system as we build more school across the country. We also set up the University of Cork in Cork to fund scientific discovery. With English help, we expand our shipbuilding facilities and begin building a modern navy. We begin to centralise power with the king beginning to be able to wield more power though limited by the Parliament. With the chaos in Scandinavia, we take the opportunity to declare war on the Northern  Irish States (all of them) (300,000) with our army (400,000 overall pop) and request help from England (Mod Response)(English Response).
 * What do you need a mod respone for exactly? -Sky
 * Kingdom of England Dip: We send 2000 troops to support the Irish offensive.
 * Brandenburg-Luxembourg: Heinrich, upon hearing of the news of incidents occuring in his allies domains, realizes that war with the teutons will prove a disaster unless he can secure their backing so he issues a partial lift on the embargo allowing none military vessels to use Brandenburg ports though high tariffs on Teutonic goods are put in its place and declares official support to the new duke of Burgundy offering 2000 troops from Luxembourg to help restore order within the Duke's domains and to help quash any rival claimants. In the east most of the forces are demobolized though a strog 5,000 forces are maintained on the Brandenburg-Teuton border are maintained to protect against any possible teutonic incursions. With the plans for war with the teutonic order postoned military reforms are continued being finalized after nine years leading to the creation of a slightly modified but stil powerful force that the Prince Elector envisioned upon taking power nearly a decade ago. With a force of 18,000 upon mobolization in Brandenburg, 4,000 upon mobolization in Luxembourg, and with funds set aside to raise an army of 6,000 mercenaries if necessary in times of war. In an open declaration Heinrich promises to not disrupt trade in the Baltic sea or in the HRE, but states that due to high tentions with the Teutonic Order it is necessary to protect the holdings and economic stability of his domains from potential risks coming out of the east. Meanwhile, trade continues to grow with the trade routes in being consolidated with other HRE members in the Central HRE and in the Lowlands and Rhineland. Heavy investment is made to improve the education provided by the growing universities of Berlin, Stettin, and Luxembourg. WIth the natural sciences, chemistry, medecine, and other areas becoming major areas of studies of Lxuembourg the university's prestige continues to grow. Meanwhile, the theological and political courses in Berlin become some of the most forward thinking in the HRE. The formal education of the young Otto begins under the tutalage of the Clause von Havel. He is taught in the areas of politics religion, mathematics, reading and writing which is done in a standardized version of high german, athletics are also made a major part of his education at his father's insistance as it is Heinrich's belief that the young heir should excel not only at academics but should be the definition of healthy in body not only mind. the young Otto, now aged six, becomes close friends with the children of several other notable families in Brandenburg including the young Wilhelm von Hohenzollern the grandson of the now disgraced Fredriech Hohenzollern the former regent of his grandfather, and of Caroline and Karl von Havel the children of his tutor Claus. these four soon become known in the royal estates for their trouble making and for their war games with the kids of the servants and commoners in the employment of the Prince Elector. While Claus is distraught at the less then civlized behavior his children are engaged in Heinrich is delighted at the military and adventurious nature of his eldest son. He decides that next year the formal military education of his son will begin. Heinrich lays claim to leadership of the Brandenburg Circle leadership.
 * Burgundian Dip: the victorious Duke Charles thanks Brandenburg for the support, and notes the 2,000 Luxembourgish troops fought with gallantry.
 * Cologne Diplomacy: Archbishop Dietrich II of Cologne SECRETLY offers Brandenburg an alliance, and to vote directly for it in the coming election, if Brandenburg will guarantee: 1) that it will protect Cologne and its territories from any outside threats in the future; and 2) that as Emperor it will assist Cologne in enforcing religious unity (Catholicism with Adelphinian Reforms) in the future in the many states of the Holy Roman Empire.
 * Ahom Kingdom. The Ahom army occupies 1/3 of Koch territory, as per the peace treaty. Susenphaa also orders the training of 25 more war elephants into the Ganesha Division. The training will complete in three year's time. Susenphaa is glorified as a natonal hero ofter leading the Ahom army to victory against the Koch. Military parades are held marking the Second Battle of Bengmara as a national holiday. The five-year anniversary will be held this year. Susenphaa also orders the renovation of buildings in the four cities of Chariadeo, Jorhat, Rangpur, and Garghaon.
 * Mogadishu: The nation's income continues to grow, both from increased tariffs and from the Royal Trade Fleet. Our manufacturers expand and make more money. We expand southward to connect our realm. 10,000 local tribesman and foreign settlers became citizens of our nation last year due to our policies of land reclamation and immigration attraction. We build cannons for our ships, just five each for our 20 largest ships. We continue to train our army. We continue spreading the silver dinar in our lands, now backed by Mtwara Gold.
 * Bahmanid Dip: Could you send some ships for the Bahmanid invasion of Pegu?
 * Bahmanids: Even though Ismail Shah is a Jafri Shia, he decides to put unity above all and recognizes the authority of Al Mansur An Nasir (and becomes a Zaidi.) The eyes of the nation, however, are to the east. The Majapahiti invasion of Pegu causes near-panic among the Muslim population, most seeing it as a prelude to an invasion of India, and/or an attempt to restore the Vijayanagar Empire. (The Bahmanid perception of Majapahit's military abilities is heavily exaggerated, thanks to them being the only foe to 'best' the 'great Firuz.') The ten 'reserve ships' built during the reign of Ali Nadeem, as well as the three planned for next year, are quickly finished and increase the Bahmanid fleet to 100 vessels. (MOD RESPONSE NEEDED ON THE SUPPORT OF OUR ALLIES OMAN AND DELHI) The Sultan asks Mogadishu to send as many ships as possible. Ismail Shah is also quick to spread rumors among the Hindu population that the Majapahitis have come to replace their traditional ways with heretical Gunturism. A joint Dehlavi-Bahmanid army of 100,000 men is prepared and transport ships are gathered from the many ports of India.
 * Note: The expeditionary force will reach Pegu 2-3 months after the Majapahitis do-late enough for Pegu to be completly conquered by Majapahit beforehand, but too late for Majapanit to send any reinforcements (in time).
 * Mod Response: Oman declines the offer to get involved, but Delhi, expressing the same fears as the Bahmanis, agrees to join the war against Majapahit. -Rexmod
 * Gurkani Diplomacy: 30 ships are sent to aid the Bahamanid navy
 * Mogadishu Diplomacy: 100 ships and 8,000 men are sent to aid our Allies.
 * Austrian Archduke Albert V & II recieves a letter from his son. He is enraged, the Count of Wurttemberg has insulted him too many times, denied his statues as heir to house wittelsbach, and seemingly renegged on his agreement to become a vassal. This can only mean war. Telling his father his plans in the letter, Albert makes quick work. While Ferdinand marches with his ten thousand men on the city of Esslingen, Albert orders another five thousand men raised from Austria and Bavaria, and orders them to meet up with Ferdinand's forces at the city. IN the End, a combined force of fifteen thousand men prepare to assault the city, while the Wurttemberg army reacts to this giant force assaulting their city, bunkering up inside thankfully before the Austrians can set up camp. They hope they can repulse them, just as the Austrians hope to end Wurttemberger resistance with a decisive victory. Albert himself cannot lead the forces, seeing this as a wonderful oportunity to test Ferdinand's skills in warcraft. He himself must attend both the Conference of Thessaloniki and The Imperial Diet. Not able to attend two things at once, he solves this by appointing his second son, Rudolph, as Herrkanzler of Austria, sending him in his stead to the Imperial Diet, not wanting to trust him with advocating for his brother as King of Greece. The Current Herrkanzler, Alfred von Hollabrunn, is "demoted" to Herrvizekanzler, but ensured that he will regain his former position once the Diet is over and speaks with Rudolph and Alfred together, giving no one person any illusions about their real positions (i.e. Alfred still in charge of the government). Rudolph departs to the Diet, with specific instructions from his father...In the Meanwhil,e the Siege of Esslingen is a resounding success. The Austrian forces capture the city, establishing a base of operations within the region with minimal casualties. Ferdinand himself earns the respect of his men, a good battle leader who led them to victory. The Armies advance all over Wurttemberg, fighting various other minor engagements with the Count's remaining forces, dwindling them down untill they fight their last stand. The Count, Ludvig II, is injured, captured, and brought to Ferdinand. With the Count his captive, Ferdinand triumphantly enters the city of Stuttgart with his army. Afterward, a Great Treaty is signed in the city. The Treaty of Stuttgart sees Ludvig II, reigning less than one year, grant all of his territory to Ferdinand, incorporating Wurttemberg into the County of Habsburg, renounced all claims both for himself, and for his house for time immemorial, declaring Albert the true head of the House of Wittelsbach.
 * Duchy of Thuringen: The city guard continues to defend the capital city of Erfurt. Our military grows by adding more recruits each year. We continue to trade again with our neighboring states. Farming goes well in our nation this year. The healthy population continues to increase by 3% each year. Karsten's improvement in the training area finishes this year when his parents die. Our economy continues to try to rebuild itself from the collapse of 1439. We continue to invest in Ekehard's printing press, thinking it will help boost our economy of our nation back to what it used to be in 1438 before the collapse. Both Frederick and Anna die of old age this year but at different times of the year. Karsten takes over as heir to the throne. First thing as Duke of Thuringen, Karsten steps up and tries to become circle leader of both the Hessen and Thuringen-Saxony circle. A statue is built in the captial city at the duke's castle for Frederick.
 * Ottoman Sultanate: The sultan works to build schools across the Ottoman Empire and works on hiring people across the state. More Muslims are sent to the south and some Turks are sent to mix with the other Muslims in the areas. The army then is brought back to surround the city while the army tries to gain more troops to replace. With the loss of the city Murad goes into Ankara and works on his army and navy weaponry. The sultan then begins to work on trading with the Thrimids and the Caliphate. Murad begins to send traders past Thrimid's land to Afghanistan and some going into India. The sultan begins to work on making Ankara a new city as Murda said "Better then the other" as he works on making the city a trading center - while the army is trained. The sultan begins to work his military training. Slaves are sent to mosques and schools to learn Arabic and Ottoman Turkish and Qu'ran and told they should teach 50 people how to read and speak Ottoman Turkish and Arabic. We ask the Gurkani Sultanate for peace and to work on making a peace treaty. Murad begins to work on fixing his fame, but more and more troops and people begin to lose hope with Murad, with more and more people getting tried of his rule. 
 * Wallachia (Ottoman vassal): The sultan begins to create 800 more mosques - mostly in the South, and recruiting peasants for the army. More imams are sent to Serbia in hope of converting the population. The troops are ordered not to fire unless fired upon, the troops begin to work on defenses. The castle is now worked on by peasants. With the riots across the vassals the government is sent in to stop any riots but the government halts their construction of mosques (but already-built mosques will stay) but Wallachian Muslims are recommended to move down south and to spread across the green areas while they are recommended to then populate the area.
 * Buha: The Emperor announces that he will cut down 10,000 square miles of trees to make farmland for the agriculture projects, and we are cementing our rule in Buganda. We are considering war with the last remaining lands of the the Kingdom of Buganda. We have also changed our name to Buha. We increase taxes on the wealthiest citizens of our Empire.
 * Bini Kuzir Missionaries: We humbly suggest that you not raise taxes on your wealthiest citizens, but rather, implement a flat 10% tax on all subjects of your realm. It will gain you your coin while not discouraging economic growth and investment in your lands. We also suggest that you implement the use of terraced farming to tax advantage of your hilly terrain whilst not denying yourself the ability to expand your crop yields as a result of your location.
 * Our Emperor follows the wisdom of the missionaries and orders a 10% tax on the entire population, and drops plans to tax the wealthiest the most.
 * Poland-Lithuania: The Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania unite into the Kingdom of Poland-Lithuania after the signing of the Acts of Union of Lublin and all of the terms of the treaty are enforced. King Wladyslaw III focuses on consolidating the interior of the nation. Roman and Stephen, sons of the King's vassal Voivode Ilias Musat of Moldavia are in Poland, tutored by the King himself. King Wladyslaw III continues to turn into Crown lands any fiefdoms that reverted to the Crown after their nobles owners died. Some more poor friends of the King are nobilized and given extremely small fiefs along with an annual wage after vowing to always support the King and the Royal Dynasty, especially in the Sejm. King Wladyslaw III orders to initiate a gradual and peaceful process of resettlement of Kaunas, Vilnius, Trakai and Kernavė with highly motivated Polish settlers. In the economic realm, growing cottage industries begin to develop, such as iron working and wool trading in the burgeoning burghs, and animal husbandry continues to displace grain farming. To keep trade moving, taxes on goods are lowered, now that the war is over, to make smuggling unprofitable. Krakow, Warsaw, Poznan, Bydgoszcz, Lublin, Lwow, Warszawa, Kaunas, Vilnius, Trakai, Kernavė, Kiev, Minsk and Chernigov experience a vast growth and increase in trade, attributed to a combination of lower taxes along with Jew money lending practices being de facto allowed and not persecuted. We begin to spread disconent within the Grand Boyardom of Russia sensing that their collapse is inevitable, only trying to speed it up. Many notable scholars as per King's orders, continue to work in the Slavonic language, to fix any grammatical and spelling errors. More books are published on the Slavonic language.
 * Moldavia: Voivode Ilias Musat focuses on consolidating the interior of the nation. In the economic realm, growing cottage industries begin to develop, such as iron working and wool trading in the burgeoning burghs, and animal husbandry continues to displace grain farming. To keep trade moving, taxes on goods are lowered, now that the war is over, to make smuggling unprofitable. Suczawa experiences a vast growth and increase in trade, attributed to a combination of lower taxes along with Jew money lending practices being de facto allowed and not persecuted. A series of garrison forts are maintained along the border of the Ottoman Empire, the largest of the forts is Fort Jagiello, and being quarter walled with duct trenches and heavy palisades defending the reinforced stone that lay behind it. Fort Jagiello being a focal point to the Polish efforts to stop any Ottoman initiatives for expansion into the Polish realm as well as serving to honor and fulfill the 50 year NAP with the Ottoman Empire.
 * King Olaf of Sweden: My children, Adele and Nils begin being more active and I hail my son as Jarl of Småland. Magnus shows inclination as an artist and Kristina is a sweet bundle of joy. Seeing Queen Emma irresponsible in her son's caretaking, I am taking tutelage over little Eric, and devote as many hours of my time to him. He seems happy around me, Isabella and the children. He sees me as his loving uncle, and we speak a lot in Swedish, Danish and Latin. I have continued instructing him in state affairs. Alas, he is very dependent on me and has his attacks of visions, which leaves me questioning if he may ot be possessed. I continue a policy of expanding eastward in Finland, to reach the Russian border. In order to cheer Demetrius up, I go to his castle and drink some beer with him. This doesn't cheer him up, though. I reaffirm my alliance with Brandenburg and secretly agree to their plan. We ask the pope to remove Blekinge from the Archbishopric of Lund and add it to the Archbishopric of Uppsala, in light of the current changes. Settlers found a settlement called Olafstad on a lake now called Olafkonung (OTL Oulujärvi Lake). As the crisis unfolds, I do a bold move, which will likely come to haunt me all my life: I offer peace to the thralls. I offer them freedom and offer them lands to settle in the East, near Lake Olafkonung. I offer them peace, and the abolition of thralldom to Christians. In return, I ask every pagan thrall to either convert to the One True Faith, or abandon our lands immediately. (MOD response, I ask for Rex or Sky to do this).
 * Declan O'Connor, self-proclaimed thrall-lord agrees, and due to his charismatic prowess, converts numerous pagan thralls to Christianity and ventures toward the land of the pagans.
 * Iroquois Confederacy: Chogan and his men, having successfully pushed back the Potawatomi enough to set up a more secured border, return back to Cayuga to continue the building projects. Chief Apenimon has more war dogs bred, guaranteeing that every fort/outpost has a small pack. With demand for copper continuously rising, Apenimon expands the mining production to OTL New Jersey, where farmers have found the precious metal. The first class of shamans trained at Hanowa graduate and are sent to the frontier. It is Apenimon's belief that every single Iroquois should have access to both religion and the sacred medicine of the shamans. Due to the success of Hanowa, a school for children opens in Tonawanda (OTL Buffalo, NY). The purpose of this school is to teach children the basics of the Iroquois culture, including; agriculture, religion, war, medicine, and the culture/languages of our allies. This is the first of hopefully many schools that parents from all over can send their children to. Five children from each region are selected to attend. If successful, a school will open in Nowadaga and Tiohero.
 * Benin: Traders from Benin finally begin their trip to India, bringing with them a vast array of gold, ivory, pepper, chocolate, diamonds, and palm oil for their planned trading in the area. Using information gained from the Arab merchants in East Africa, the Bini merchants sail across the Indian Ocean from Sofala, and arrive in the port city of Kochi, where the begin their trading with the local nation. News of the location of India is relayed back to Benin, where the merchant caste begins planning new trade routes to the Indian subcontinent. Expansion of the trade routes in East Africa continues with the security of Sofala from the Muslim invaders secured. Back in Benin, Dari Aisosa Nosariere confirms his suspicions about the earth's true relationship with the sun, and he publishes his findings in the Nature of the The Celestial Bodies, in which he states that the universe rotates around the sun, and not the earth. His work is immediately read through by his fellow dari, and lacking evidence to counter his stunning discoveries, the Dari Council agrees that the work is of sound scientific backing. The Nature of the The Celestial Bodies immediately becomes a popular selling in the town squares of Benin's largest cities, where Bini subjects pour through the information that has shattered in many ways the ideas of their world and the role it truly held in the universe. Additional printing presses are built throughout Benin as its effectiveness as a tool of information distribution is harnessed by the Oba and the clergy. Books from the greatest period of scientific growth in the last five hundred years known as the Islamic Golden Age, are mass produced throughout the major printing presses of Benin. With the continued patronage of the Oba, the number of printing presses in Benin grows from five to fifty within just a few years of the introduction of the technology. Benin expands by 10,000 kilometers in West Africa, seeking to expand its access to certain exotic foodstuffs that sell well in Europe and North Africa, as well as discovery of diamonds in the Oro province (OTL Liberia). The demographic changes in Benin are continuing, as the native populations in the majority of settle lands are no longer be kept as slaves, but now sold off to foreigners to remove them from the region. However, as the Bini have been expanding, the number of converts to Kuzirism has been increasing. Thus far, 75% of the population in Benin is of Bini origin, with the inbreeding of conquered peoples into the Bini population, and the raising of their offspring under Bini culture and ideology. The dispersal of the remaining population of conquered peoples throughout Benin has also helped to break ties before people and their native lands. Thanks to the prevalence of illiteracy and ignorance in the conquered lands when Benin arrived, the people lacked any understanding of where their homeland was, and with the hand of the Bini guiding their views and education, the empire has been able to thoroughly break the back of elites who attempted to restore their power in their homelands. With most of their original lands depleted of the original inhabitants as the Bini resettled them and colonized the land, most former nobles have given up on their political aspirations, instead taking to the lucrative trading and agriculture industries. Deforestation of many lands in Benin and developing them into prime farmlands, has helped to boost the population in regions where the majority of people once relied on subsistence farming to survive. With the introduction of irrigation, crop rotation, deep-soil plowing, and manuring of farmlands in the newly conquered lands of the empire, the crop yields in Benin have exploded so as to support the growing number of cities throughout the region. With originally 400 cities in Mali and 200 cities in the Niger Delta, the number of cities in Benin has increased, with more than 200 cities and towns established across Ghana, the Ivory Coast and the northern Nigerian hinterlands in the last fifty years. With some of the world's most fertile lands and the most productive river on the continent in terms of food production, the population growth of Benin is expected to continue as is for the foreseeable future. Dari Sadiki Abubakar takes it upon himself to thoroughly explain the teachings of Kuzirism to the old hermit of Buganda, explaining why his teachings were wrong, but simply poorly understood. Using kindness and patience, Dari Sadiki teaches the hermit the truth about Kuzirism seeking to impress upon the old man a complete understanding of the religion he is misguided about. (MOD RESPONSE NEEDED) 
 * Kingdom of England and Scotland: With the Kingdom of Ireland pacifying its subjects, 2000 troops from 9000 strong English army in Scotland are sent to send Ireland where half of the nobles appointed to the new Irish lands iwll be English while the 5000 in England remain ready for any violence in England. The King remains in Scotland while the Kingdom is reorganised. James II is imprisoned in England if he hasn't escaped while all other nobles are allowed to keep their current positions although any who rise up or vacate their lands after the battle of Edinburg are considered traitors and their lands are confiscated and made property of the crown. The Kingdom of Scotland remains as a separate Kingdom which Richard IV is crowned as Richard I of Scotland in Holyrod. While two castles in Caithness, six castles on the coast on the western coast of the Scottish highlands and seven castles within the Scottish lowlands and their surrounding regions are confriscated by the crown. 20,000 Scottish people surrounding these castles are deported to England while 20,000 English people are moved in to replace them around the casltes. All the men must know how to use a weapon and only pay taxes to the castle's holder. A lord warden of Scotland is appointed by King Richard I and the Lord Warden appoints 15 Wardens to the royal castles. The English Parliament votes to provide the Crown of Scotland with a yearly payment for defence and improvement of the existing defences which goes to the Lord Warden who allocates it to his wardens who use it to improve the defences of their castles. Meanwhile, in England, the reign continues to go smoothly with people happy the war in Scotland went well while King Richard's family continues to grow larger and older.


 * France: Coming soon. 15,000 (or needed numbers of troops) are sent to the Netherlands toward the beginning of the year to defend Charles' claim against the foreign supporters and the false claimaints.
 * Majapahit Empire: With the Invasion of Pegu beginning, their fleets in the Andaman Sea are sunk, and Martabar (the initial landing site) is overrun within a week, whereas Pegu is overrun by the 17th of March of 1450 CE (OOC: This is in Gregorian Calendar for clarification). However, trouble emerges once news of the Bahmanid involvement reaches Trowulan, but by then, the Second Battle of the Andaman Sea occurs. (OOC: The following is dependent on the Mogadishu response and is approved by the moderators. This might be controversial due to the obscure nature of the Great Admiral) As a result, the Majapahit Empire is seemingly overwhelmed by the numerical superiority of the opponent. During the battle, Admiral Ali Kusuma, a veteran of the Second Sacred War, is killed, making Captain Cahya Purnama an Acting Admiral, who takes command and after luring the Bahmanids into a trap, the invaders are sunk to the bottom of the seas, while back in Papua, the population of Kesuburan reaches 630, and the settlement expands by 3 px, mostly for agricultural land. The Empire continues to develop infrastructure and culturally integrate Borneo and The Celebes. Integration begins of the Maluke Islands this year, while Wuwamba Yuda becomes Gustimaharaja as he becomes "Brahma's new vessel" upon the close of the year.
 * Bohemia: With the situation in the balkans taken care of, we offer that the nations of Dukagjini and Raška join the Kingdom of Serbia for defense against outside forces. (Mod Response) We continue to fund our education heavily. We increase trade to the east through our participation in the Compact of Iskenderun. Wenceslaus' children, besides Heidrich, continue schooling, as Heidrich graduates and gets married. Wenceslaus V, seeing the situation in Burgundy, declares official support for the younger son of Duke Phillip, who is trying to claim the Dutch holdings of Burgundy. We send 30,000 troops to assist the Dutch in their independence movement. We continue to influence the electors. We continue policies of Germanization in the crown lands of Bohemia.
 * By the time the Bohemian army arrives, the victorious Burgundian army is rested and resupplied, and it's suggested to the Bohemian commander that he, in the name of Wencelaus, renounce support for the false claimant and turn for home.
 * Mod Response: Dukagjini and Raska again refuse the Serbian offer.
 * The Bohemian army moves to the city of the Hague.
 * Brandenburgish Diplomacy: Heinrich demands that Bohemia stand down as it's attempted intervention in the Burgundian crisis is a direct violation of the Treaty of Prague and Heinrich will not hesitate to defend their allies in the lowlands even if it means war against the emperor who is once more over stepping his authority in HRE politics.
 * Papal States: Whilst the day to day running of the States continues unperturbed, no major decisions can be made until the end of the sede vacante period. Cardinals who have not voted yet are asked to do so
 * Mayapan: Aztec expansion is heavily but discreetly monitored and preliminary defenses are prepared in case of war. The military is kept on the border, prepared to deal a blow to the Aztecs. Emperor Atlahua continues rallying the citizens of the nation for, what he believes, is an imminent war against the Aztecs. He stirs up nationalist sentiment with the citizens, increasing unity between the city-states. Integration of the southern city-states into the League is continued by the High Council. Each new state is expected to supply men to train and serve in the national army. The council seeks to improve commerce and communication between the many settlements of the Yucatan by constructing and maintaining roads between them. Work continues to renovate and update existing buildings, roads and to create plans for future upkeep and renovations.
 * Cologne: Archbishop Dietrich II mourns the death of His Holiness and waits with bated breath for the results of the Papal Conclave, whilst advising Ekkehard that this means his offer will not be addressed for a few years given the length of the last conclave. The barracks expand in popularity with the noble lords and their knight sons, and Dietrich II begins to build further barracks to attract lesser nobles to train as knights. The ports are steadily improved, and the roads begin to streamline trade in Cologne from Westphalen as much as possible. Revenue for this year increases, on top of the money Cologne has gained from royalties of Ekkehard, who gets royalties from all nations who have agreed to the aforementioned royalties for Ekkehard and all his heirs and successors for the invention of the printing press.
 * Essen: Abbess Sophia reiterates her proposal to Poland of a trade deal between it and Cologne/Essen, accompanied by Poland sending copies of some of its best texts. She also asks Ireland (Desmond), Brandenburg and Norway for copies of their best texts in a gesture of good will since Cologne gifted them with the magic of the printing press. Meanwhile, given that Ekkehard is not getting any younger, Abbess Sophia asks him to teach at the University of Essen, and he starts a new course in the study of printing. Many young people flock to learn this new art, but Ekkehard reserves the key secrets for his sons’ and daughters’ ears only.
 * Brandenburg diplomacy: Heinrich agrees to Cologne's requests but also requests that Cologne support Brandenburg and Burgundy in their struggle against the Bohemian emperor who is in direct violation of the Treaty of Prague.
 * Polish-Lithuanian Dip: We guarantee Cologne's and Essen's independence from expanding powers, send our best texts to Essen and agree to the trade agreement offer. (Sorry for my late response.)
 * Aragon: Celebrates the completion of Barcelona's reconstruction. The move of all governmental institutions back to Barcelona is also complete, and Barcelona has become a shining beacon of Iberian excellence. The Crown Princess, having completed her training, is sent with an armed escort to Malta, where she will govern the County, alone. We invite Crown Prince Sancho of Castile to join his wife, to jointly govern Malta as a sort of rehearsal for when they become King and Queen of Iberia. The Crown Princess, meanwhile, has become quite busy, and rumours in the court, while not confirmed by the King, say that she is in the middle of writing a manifesto on how she will structure her government, which impresses many of the nobles in the court.
 * In the Kingdom of Italy, King Niccolò Maria works to integrate the newly conquered realms of Modena, Padua, Ferrara, and Mantua into the Kingdom. To this end, he implements his education reforms and begins the instruction of the newly standardized Italian language. Sailing past Gibraltar continues, and many Italian merchants begin to head to nations such as Portugal, England, and Burgundy to trade goods that originated along the Silk Road (to which we have access via the Compact of Iskanderun).
 * In the Kingdom of Naples, Queen Mary Anjou oversees a transition from a feudal state to a more centralized one. To this end, she orders the Dukes of the six duchies to begin buying smaller fiefdoms and centralizing power. The Queen also grants all major cities (including Naples, Amalfi, Bari, Reggio Calabria, and Taranto) rights as free cities, outside of the duchies and under direct royal rule. Guilds begin to become more and more powerful in these cities, something the Queen agrees to for now. Neapolitan settlement (along with Italian settlement) of Epirus and the Morea continues earnestly, with Italian now being spoken alongside Greek in both of these nations. In Croia, the recent protection agreement between Berat and Greece causes Stefan Thopia to reconsider his target, settling upon Dukagjini for now.
 * Ngarridjeri Confederacy:  It came to pass one spring, that the Valley of OTL Adeleid was devoid of food, and the people there were greatly hungary. For many days, the people hunted along the Murrey River, looking for sustenance, but found nothing. After some time, the more violent sects of shamans began advocating ritual cannibalism to relieve the famine. Desparate to feed end this madness, the Patriarch of the tribe called on the wisest elders to confer on the matter, but they could not make an answer. So finally, one Dreamspeaker arrived in the elders' tent, saying he had just come back from the First Ones in Dreamtime. Through him, the First Ones instructed the Ngarridjeri on the art of planting seeds to grow food, and use that to sustain themselves. The tribes obeyed the words of the First Ones, and so began the tradition of growing food for part of the year while they continued to migrate to better hunting grounds.

1451
'''Princess Arianne of Aragon is reported to be pregnant while away at Malta. She continues to write her manifesto about government, but when her term comes due, she dies of childbirth. Sancho, upset at the passing of his wife, declares himself to be the sole heir of Aragon but the elders of Aragon, including John of Aragon, declare that responsibility falls to Eleanor of Aragon. The crisis is brought to a head when King Alfonso V dies due to heart failure upon hearing the death of his daughter'''

'''Akachi Olofi, the Hermit of Buganda, proved to be very emotional and charismatic during a public debate with Dari Sadiki Abubakr, while explaining his ministry as showing all the former gods of Africa as many manifestations of the One God Olorun, including the god of Kuzir. While Abubakr was preparing to return to Benin, lightning struck the encampment in a flash storm, filling the people with awe who previously doubted the power of Olorun'''

A major peasant revolt erupts in Moscow against the Boyar rule of Novgorod, led by the charismatic Ivan Kade (not a great general, for once).

'''Some of the 20,000 Scottish people deported to England rise up, kill local English people, and attempt to return home. Meanwhile, some of the 20,000 English people sent to Scotland are killed by their neighbors. However, the majority of the resettled people remain in their arrangement.'''

The Ottoman Sultan Murad dies and no one cares because he was apparently not a very well liked man.

Delhi sends aid to the Bahmanids but reminds the Bahmanids that Delhi maintains its commitment to Sunni Islam.  Also, aren't the Bahmanids also Sunnis?

'''A Confucian philosopher in Nanjing tests a theory of motion by dropping two different sized balls of mud off of the Porcelain Tower, only for it to land on a passing magistrate. Although his experiment remained incomplete, his imprisonment was not (Mud event)'''

''Attention all players: Please look at the nations list. Remove all nations that you have annexed, conquered or otherwise absorbed. Add your name to any states that are now your vassal or whatever. Thank you. -Scraw'' 

'''After debate with Viva, and a mod council consisting of Rex, Josh, Nate, and me, Viva's population has been retconed to 26.5 million, based on his original source for Africa having 75 million at this point, this puts him more in line with OTL numbers from the University of Pittsburgh. Other mods have my email if they need to reach me immediatly, but I will be in class between 7:30 and 3PM EST tommorow, and without talking to me first I do not expect another mod to contridict me ~Edge.'''


 * Duchy of Burgundy: The lands celebrate the defeat of the Dutch rebels and their Bohemian supporters. With the bohemian army destroyed, and after consulting his Brandenburgian allies, decides it would be prudent to not wait for Bohemia to violate a third treaty, and assembles a force of 30,000 troops and marches east to meet up with the main Brandenburgian army. Charles thanks the French king for the support, but makes it clear its his majesty's choice if he wants to send troops east with Burgundy.


 * Ngarridjeri Confederacy: The tribes receive their first bounty of harvest this year from their experiment with agriculture. They decide to start a tradition with this every migration season. The plants they specifically grow are sugar canes, yams, but mostly tabor roots. During the hunting season, they track and slaughter various kinds of marsupials. Trade is established with the neighboring tribal states of Kaurna, Merkani, Ngadjuri, and Nukunu. The whole population of the tribe numbers 6000, although this figure is unknown to them at this time.
 * Runorqo Empire: The Empire continues constructions of fortifications and essential castles throughout the Empire. Expansion to the south continues and canals, forts and roads are built as the Empire expands. Research into better ships and weaponry continues. The Empire continues improving its cutlery, introducing spoons and small knives to cut food with, as well as more specialized pots and pans, expanding the recipes and variety of Runorqo cooking. Imperial units are assigned cooks, and they are charged with cooking and handling food supplies for their units. The Emperor designates the roles of Celders, with each one put in place of organizing and controlling 10 Culn Units each, with the groups Elders, reporting to the Celder, allowing for more organization of military units, Celder Units are encouraged but not told to cooperate with eachother and plan together before combat situations. With the average Culn unit having approximately 45 men per unit, on average each Celder unit will have 450 men, though numbers can range from as low as 30 to as high as 60 per Culn unit, meaning that total numbers are usually irregular. Only about seven Celder units are created, with two in Chan Chan, three in Chu-Ica, one in Quzco, and one in Chancay. The remaining Culn units are on their own throughout the Empire, and these new units are more of an experiment than a permanent position.
 * Poland-Lithuania: King Wladyslaw III focuses on consolidating the interior of the nation. Roman and Stephen, sons of the King's vassal Voivode Ilias Musat of Moldavia are in Poland, tutored by the King himself. King Wladyslaw III continues to turn into Crown lands any fiefdoms that reverted to the Crown after their nobles owners died. Some more poor friends of the King are nobilized and given extremely small fiefs along with an annual wage after vowing to always support the King and the Royal Dynasty, especially in the Sejm. King Wladyslaw III orders to initiate a gradual and peaceful process of resettlement of Kaunas, Vilnius, Trakai and Kernavė with highly motivated Polish settlers. In the economic realm, growing cottage industries begin to develop, such as iron working and wool trading in the burgeoning burghs, and animal husbandry continues to displace grain farming. To keep trade moving, Jews are not persecuted and taxes on goods are lowered, to make smuggling unprofitable. Krakow, Warsaw, Poznan, Bydgoszcz, Lublin, Lwow, Warszawa, Kaunas, Vilnius, Trakai, Kernavė, Kiev, Minsk and Chernigov experience a vast growth and increase in trade, attributed to a combination of lower taxes along with Jew money lending practices being de facto allowed and not persecuted. We begin to spread disconent within the Grand Boyardom of Russia sensing that their collapse is inevitable, only trying to speed it up. Many notable scholars as per King's orders, continue to work in the Slavonic language, to fix any grammatical and spelling errors. More books are published on the Slavonic language.  We ask our allies, the nobility dissatisfied with the Boyar in the Grand Boyardom of Russia and the republicans, if we should move against the Boyar, now that Peasant Rebellion against the Boyar is providing us a perfect cover, before the rebellion is suppressed and its too late. [MOD RESPONSE NEEDED] 
 * Moldavia: Voivode Ilias Musat focuses on consolidating the interior of the nation. In the economic realm, growing cottage industries begin to develop, such as iron working and wool trading in the burgeoning burghs, and animal husbandry continues to displace grain farming. To keep trade moving, Jews are not persecuted and taxes on goods are lowered, to make smuggling unprofitable. Suczawa experiences a vast growth and increase in trade, attributed to a combination of lower taxes along with Jew money lending practices being de facto allowed and not persecuted. A series of garrison forts are maintained along the border of the Ottoman Empire, the largest of the forts is Fort Jagiello, and being quarter walled with duct trenches and heavy palisades defending the reinforced stone that lay behind it. Fort Jagiello being a focal point to the Polish efforts to stop any Ottoman initiatives for expansion into the Polish realm as well as serving to honor and fulfill the 50 year NAP with the Ottoman Empire.
 *  Nobles accept, preparing to free themselves from the Boyardom. 


 * Kingdom of Ireland: We begin constructing a Royal Palace to be finished in 1453. We begin expanding the road network across the rest of the country, though due to the new conquered territories, completion is estimated to be in 1457. We assemble a Parliament with a House of Commons for Knights of the Shire and Mayors as well as a House of Lords for nobility and Irish Chieftains. We continue to expand our education system as we build more schools across the country. We begin to build a print shop in Cork to print out books, broadsheets and make more presses (Finished 1452). With English help, we expand our shipbuilding facilities and begin building a modern navy. We begin to centralise power with the king beginning to be able to wield more power though limited by the Parliament. We build fortifications in our lands as well as beginning to expand pre-existing towns and cities. Cork now has a population of 10,000 and is quickly turning into a bustling city. We also gift our conquered lands to nobles, though 50% of them are appointed by the English King. With the new influx of foreigners, we begin to try to assimilate them by teaching them Gaelic and our culture. We begin planning reforms to increase our economy. We send diplomats to Declan O'Connor with gold and gifts begging him and his followers to come back to Ireland promising them newly conquered lands in Ireland as well as appealing to his patriotism. We also offer to abolish the thrall trade in Ireland and imprison the people who enslaved him and his followers. (Mod Response)
 * Declan O'Connor, King of Thralls and defender of faith declines, claiming it is his duty to work on exterminating paganism in his new homeland. -Sky
 * Brandenburg-Luxembourg: Heinrich is infuriated at the Bohemia's intrusion on the succession matter of his allies in BUrgundy declaring it a direct violation of the treaty of Prague which brought peace in the war of the lions. Heinrich mobolizes his troops marking and hires some 3,000 mercenaries bringing the brandenburg Army to 21,000 while in Luxembourg the other 2,000 troops are assembled to defend the fortress. Heinrich calls on his polish allies to aid him if it comes down to it against Bohemia should they refuse to bck down ,and also requests support from the other hre members as this is a direct violation of the soveirgnty of the princes. The troops are amassed along the Bohemian Border and the strongholds Heinrich has spent a decade constructing are fortified. Though Heinrich states his plans toinvade Bohemia should they refuse to back down from the Burgundian succession. Heinrich also sends secret delegations to Thuringia, and Austria and asks them if they desire to join in on the war as they have disputes of their own with the Bohemian crown. Heavy investment is made to improve the education provided by the growing universities of Berlin, Stettin, and Luxembourg. WIth the natural sciences, chemistry, medicene, and other areas becoming major areas of studies of Lxuembourg the university's prestige continues to grow. Meanwhile, the theological and political courses in Berlin become some of the most forward thinking in the HRE. The formal education of the young Otto begins under the tutelage of the Clause von Havel. He is taught in the areas of politics religion, mathematics, reading and writing which is done in a standardized version of high german, athletics are also made a major part of his education at his father's insistance as it is Heinrich's belief that the young heir should excel not only at academics but should be the definition of healthy in body not only mind. the young Otto, now aged six, becomes close friends with the children of several other notable families in Brandenburg including the young Wilhelm von Hohenzollern the grandson of the now disgraced Fredriech Hohenzollern the former regent of his grandfather, and of Caroline and Karl von Havel the children of his tutor Claus. these four soon become known in the royal estates for their trouble making and for their war games with the kids of the servants and commoners in the employment of the Prince Elector. While Claus is distraught at the less then civlized behavior his children are engaged in Heinrich is delighted at the military and adventurious nature of his eldest son. He decides that next year the formal military education of his son will begin. Heinrich lays claim to leadership of the Brandenburg Circle leadership.
 * Polish-Lithuanian Dip: Poland-Lithuania ensures Brandenburg of its utmost support should war break out with Bohemia.
 * Kingdom of Tondo: With the recent passing of the beloved monarch, Rajah Gambang, the nation mourns. Diyang Kalangitan assumes the throne, and takes no man to be her husband. Instead, she declares that on the eve of her death, the nobility of Tondo, Ma-I, and Pangasinan shall have an electorate regarding the successor of the united realms of Tondo. Kalangitan further consolidates her poweriscreetely assigning political opponents to far-flung provinces of Tondo or to Tondo's vassals of Ma-I and Pangasinan, or to colonization attempts in Palawan, Busuang and Samar. The government of Tondo can be roughly described as a Federal Monarchy, with each province ruled by a council with members proportionate to the province's population. Diyang Kalangitan invites the Huang of Pangasinan, his daughter and Ma-I's regency council, and officials from every province to draft something akin to an OTL constitution, namely, the Saligang Batas ng Tondo at Nasasakupan Nito (Constitution of the sovereign Kingdom of Tondo and all its holdings and possessions). As Maynila is one of the richest cities in South East Asia, it is now high-time to create a lasting legacy for it. A series of bridges and canals connecting the Pasig and Tagik (OTL Taguig) Rivers and all their tributaries to provide acquatic transportation, ease movement of goods, and simply build bridges above the waterways to ease the transportation of people in the Greater Tondo Province (OTL Metro Manila). To prevent problems of income inequality and unequal development, selected families in the capital are given incentives of food and gold to relocate to developing towns and cities in Cavite, Romblon and Samar. A road network has already connected Tondo Province to Cavite, and a series of roads from southeastern and southern Luzon to Pangasinan has already began construction. Tondo metallurgical capabilities increase as blast furnaces and ironforges are built all around the state. The port of Maynila is further expanded, with the navy increasing by 25 small ships and seven war junks. Trade with nearby states continue. Tondo continues expansion in Samae, Palawan and Busuanga. 2000 additional soldiers are trained. Kalangitan orders 400 ships to move to patrol the Visayas archipelago, mainly  to protect the trade routes, and secretly to intimidate Cebu. Expansion into Palawan, Negros and Samar continues.
 * Huangdom of Ma-I: With Tondo's grace, Ma-I settles the western part of Busuanga Island, and dedicates 100 citizens there. Li Han thrives as a cultural and financial capital of Ma-I, while Beigang immediately becomes the second port of Tondo, and conducts trade regularly with nearby nations.
 * Huangdom of Pangasinan: With Tondo's grace, Pangasinan expands into Central and Northern Luzon, attempting to assimilate the mountain and Igorot tribes located nearby to access the massive agricultural treasure in the Banaue Rice Terraces and the farmlands of Central Luzon. The administrative capital city, Pangasinan, begins construction of a road connecting it to Maynila. Blast furnace construction continues, and a small defense fleet of 15 ships is allotted by Tondo to Pangasinan. Pangasinense traders report sightings of small islands west of Luzon, and scouts are sent by Pangasinan to verify their claims. Pangasinan claims these islands west of Mainland Luzon, now named as the Gambang Islands in honor of Rajah Gambang  (OTL Scarborough Shoal)
 * Mogadishu: The nation's income continues to grow, both from increased tariffs and from the Royal Trade Fleet. Our manufacturers expand and make more money. We expand southward to connect our realm. 10,000 local tribesman and foreign settlers became citizens of our nation last year due to our policies of land reclamation and immigration attraction. We build cannons for our ships, just five each for our 20 largest ships. We continue to train our army. We continue spreading the silver dinar in our lands, now backed by Mtwara Gold. We begin to build more ships, as 50 ships are ordered in port towns. Ali Sultan crowns himself as the Sultan of the Kingdom of the Swahilli. He converts to Zaidism in the coronation and also announces a policy of religious freedom in Swahili. We ask Sofala for a Royal Marriage, and a unification of the crowns (MOD Response Please, Josh).
 * Cherokee Collective: Agriculture is given emphasis, as we experience a plentiful harvest. To commemorate this a longhouse is built in the capital of [insert name]. Meanwhile, the Grand Chief has developed an illness, and the Council of Elders has begun debating who would be the heir in case the Grand Chief kicks the bucket. Meanwhile, the Dancing Sun faith begins to gain momentum, as Amah's teachings seeped their way to the elite, perhaps winning converts from the upper classes.
 * Ahom Kingdom: Susenphaa orders the renovation of the cities in the Ahom Kingdom. Roads are improved and schools are built up. Susenphaa aslo orders the declaration of another war against Koch. The Ahom hope to destroy the Koch in this next war.
 * The Gurkani Sultanate:  Sultan Zeeshan Beg Mirza continued his rule over the Sultanate, with Al Mansur An Nasir as the Caliph. The Gurkani population rose to about 26.5 million with the people flocking to cities like Herat, Isfahan, Gamrun, Qazvin, Bukhara, Tabriz and Iskenderun; primarily due to their strategic position in the spice trade. In regards to religion, the Sultanate promoted Shia Islam, and advocated conversion to the Zaidi sect from other Islamic sects, often engaging in forced conversions. The military was primarily composed of medium-to-heavy cavalry, composite bow, lance, mace, and sword. Heavy cavalrymen wore plated chain mail or metal lamellar armor, with their horses also wearing leather or metal lamellar barding. The infantry was equipped with daggers and swords to be utilised in close combat against the enemy and elephants as well as carts were used for the transportation of supplies. Cannons were constructed to serve as siege weaponry whilst hand cannons and rocket launchers were developed as gunpowder became increasingly popular. Naval bases were established at Iskenderun, Trabzon and Gamrun to establish the presence of the Gurkani fleet in the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea and the Persian Gulf respectively, keen on controlling any piracy. The Gurkani Navy developed galleys and carracks to augment the smaller patrol fleets. Agriculture and commerce were at the Sultanate's forepoint, with wheat, rice and barley being amongst the largest produced crops. To prevent the Sultanate from ever getting hit by a major famine, the individual Amirs also engaged in the storage of food supplies, which would be utilized in case of famine or otherwise exported. Fishery was promoted as well as it helped in sustaining the fishery villages that were present along the coast, as well as the major port cities of Iskenderun, Basra, Gamrun, Kerch and Trabzon. Importance was also given on the development of proper roads for the merchants utilizing the trade routes through the Sultanate, with all caravans being armed and protected with a small detachment of guards. Meanwhile, the construction of educational madrassahs continued throughout the Empire, with the sultan keen on spreading education and knowledge amongst the populace of the Sultanate. The Sultan sought to replicate the Islamic Golden Age that existed during the period of the Abbasids prior to the Mongol Invasion, and accordingly funded the teaching of Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, with Algebra, Geometry, Astronomy, Anatomy and Medicine being of prime importance. The  lingua franca  promoted throughout the Sultanate was also Persian, primarily due to the fact that Persian had existed as the language spoken by communities in the region for centuries and as such served as an excellent language for communication. The Sultanate continued to expand its territories into the Caucasus and the Persian Gulf islands.  To secure a safe passage for the conduct of trade with India, 195k Gurkani troops launched an attack upon the city of Kandahar. Along the same time, work continued on the construction of a fortified crossing connecting both sides of the Kerch Straits with roughly half of the work having been completed.


 * Khedivate of Trabzon: Amir Julius Megas Komnenos continued his reign over the city of Trabzon, with Julia Komnenos acting as the Regent. Acting as a vassal to the Gurkani Sultanate, he would only be answerable to the Gurkani Amir. The military and the navy were developed along the same lines as their Gurkani counterparts, with a major naval base constructed at the city of Trabzon, where the Trabzon fleet was also situated. Trabzoni authorities continue to work on the construction of a fleet at Trabzon, working side by side with Castilian authorities. The Trabzon Amir, Julius Komnenos would continue to develop the trade route leading from his Black Sea port of Trabzon, connecting it to the city of Tabriz, hoping to make the spice trade routes much more advanced and efficient.
 * Buha: Intrigued by the Kuzir priest's claims, the Buha commoners rally against the hermit, and trap him in his home. They drag him out by force, and once inside his home, find all manners of wealth from gold to ivory within. Outraged, the people tear the hermit apart as an impostor and present his remains to the King of Buha. The people proclaim Dari Abubakar as a truthsayer, and the number of Kuzir converts skyrockets. We create a new sector of government made for food distribution, another sector made for land distribution, as we initiate land reforms, seizing land from former Bugandan elites and giving it to the peasants in our territory. Another sector of government is building roads and providing transportation. We continue to wage war against the tribes. We send 3000 warriors across the Congo river to be trained in Benin and given new arms and weapons.
 * Bini Diplomacy: The Oba of Benin sends his deepest regrets that the people of Buha were nearly misled by a charlatan posing as a man of god. Additional missionaries to aid in the expansion of the Kuzir faith and add the people in combating superstition within your empire have been sent, along with books on education and agriculture to improve the lives of the people in the land.
 * Bahmanids: Ismail Shah mourns the loss of so many Muslim sailors to the Majapahiti menace. He asks if Bengal (who is most threatened by the Majapahiti agression) would allow Bahmanid and Dehlavi troops to pass through its territory and expel the Majapahitis next year. (MOD RESPONSE). In other news, Ismail Shah promises the people of Delhi that Sunni Islam, or any other religion will not be interfered with, and that the monarch's choice will not be imposed on anyone. He ends his speech with "Are we not all brothers in faith?"

'''No, they are not really all brothers in faith. Many a war happens between Sunni and Shia. Regardless Delhi agrees to this treaty. -Scraw'''
 * Kingdom of England and Scotland: With news of fighting due to the deportations, the policy is changed so the English survivors in Scotland are all moved near 5 castles in the Lowlands giving each of the English settlements within Scotland 3,000 people allowing them to fight back better while the Scots rebelling in the south are sent north into the Highlands to take the place of the English who left but the Scots who stay are given the land of the Scots who left and a yearly payment to them as compensation. Money continues to go into making advancements to the 15 Royal Castles while King Richard returns home to England with 6,000 men leaving 1,000 in Scotland to try and keep the King's peace. The English who have been resettled are encouraged to fight back better with all men trained in arms and are reminded in the event of a serious insurrection they should send word to English forces and pull back inside the Royal Castles while searches are conducted by soldiers of neighbouring villages looking for weapons of war in a hope to stop a repeat attack. In the event of any more Scottish insurrection, the King issues the Responsibility For Property act which makes all the nobles directly responsible for the actions of their peasants and must make full sure they are making their best attempt to avoid their peasants from getting out of control or they will be tried for attacking Royal property. Now that King Richard is back home he keeps his policies of academic expansion and a fleet expansion on hold as money is needed to finance an army and construction work while sorting out becoming King of England and Scotland.
 * Benin: The Kuzir delegation under Dari Sadiki Abubakar in Buha decide to stay a little longer, and deal with this Akachi Olofi individual. Unlike the more superstitious natives, the Bini have agreed that leaving immediately after a lightning strike would send the wrong message to the locals. Having been unable to convert the man peacefully, Abubakar turns to a more cold and analytical approach that he sought to avoid. Preaching throughout the region, Abubakar in his discussions with village elders, paints Akachi Olofi as a charlatan, an old man who appears out of nowhere with a vast array of gods he claims are all a single deity. He states that the "hermit" only came out to "preach" only when the Kuzir missionaries arrived, and no doubt sought to exploit the ignorance of the people to fool them into thinking him some sort of prophet. Akachi Olofi speaks of "Olorun" as his god, but Abubakar masterfully points out that "Olorun" isn't a word in the Kinyarwanda language, but was the name for an ancient pagan Yoruba deity back in the Niger Delta, Abubakar's homeland. He couldn't even be bothered to prove his supposed "god" was a unique entity with his own qualities, but a shoddy attempt by some drudge at building a religion for profit. No doubt, this "hermit" is nothing more than an impostor who seeks to exploit the spiritual needs of the locals for his own warped desires. Abubakar spreads this message throughout the kingdom, ensuring that as many people, both those skeptical and convinced of Olofi's "teachings", are aware that the so-called "hermit" is a foreigner disguised as a prophet. Abubakar also points out that the "hermit" is blatantly trying to garner as much support for his "religion" as possible, by saying that his oddly named "god" is a manifestation of all gods, meaning that he cannot appeal to converts on the basis of the religion's merits, but just an appeal to people worshiping whatever gods they please without having to change their ideology, allowing Olofi to profit from as many "useful idiots" as possible. Dari Abubakar suggests to the King of Buha that the hermit be captured and tried as an impostor and willful abuse of the power of religion at once. Back in Benin, the 3,000 Buha warriors are welcomed to the empire and their training is scheduled at once by the commanders of the Imperial Guard. The Buha warriors will be trained in how to use heavy armor and gunpowder weapons, as well as advanced combat maneuvers to enhance their combat capabilities on the battlefield. The oluko sponsors the construction of several vaults across the empire to store all manners of information for posterity, seeking to ensure that the scientific discoveries of Benin will always remain for future generations to draw upon. Upon the works included in the vaults are the original copies of the Iwe ti Iwo, Complete Record of the Great Edo Nation, and Nature of the The Celestial Bodies, all of which are deemed great works by the Oba and his subordinates. The location of these vaults are preserved by the oluko and access only given upon direct permission from the Oba or Dari Council. The number of printing presses in Benin increases to seventy, as more and more cities see the value of the printed word and the ability to increase the amount of information accessible to Benin's middle-class. Because of the printing press and its ability to print large numbers of books in a short period of time, the educational system in Benin is completely revolutionized, as books become more affordable and more children from the lower classes of society are able to afford the costs of going to school. Likewise, hospitals are also effected greatly, as medical books are more readily available in the empire, allowing the training of new doctors and nurses to increase, as well as save more lives as vital information becomes more accessible to the clergy members working with medicine.
 * Cologne: This year, revenue continues to increase from printing press royalties and increasingly successful trade. The Archbishop begins to enjoy the functions of the printing press, using it to start to proliferate pearls of wisdom from Adelphina on brochures/pamphlets throughout the country. He sends Vicar General Wikbold II on a tour of every church in Cologne this year, heading to Westphalen next year, to personally ensure that every church has a Latin and German Bible at the very least, and in the process brings another copy of each to every little town. The more educated of these towns are thus able to learn about religion themselves, and many become inspired to live a devout life as a result. In other news, the roads within Cologne are improved further, and lesser nobles begin to train as knights in Westphalen. Cologne in this respect begins to establish a small militia. Meanwhile, Archbishop Dietrich II SECRETLY thanks Brandenburg for the alliance and agreeing to the requests that it proposed, and confirms that it will vote for Brandenburg at the next election in return. As for the support against Bohemia, being in violation of the Treaty of Prague, Dietrich II of Cologne is very aware of the past struggles Bohemia and Brandenburg have had, in the War of the Lions among other things, and in return asks for time to speak to Bohemia about this situation, as Bohemia has long been Cologne’s ally and Cologne would not do well to suddenly betray Bohemia. It would be very un-Christian of the Archbishop to make such a move.
 * Essen: Abbess Sophia wholeheartedly thanks Poland and Brandenburg for their texts and they are added with reverence to the growing University of Essen, which gains even more academics this year. Meanwhile, the Abbess sends a request to Trier, Nassau and Munster [MOD RESPONSE, PLEASE; SKYBOI YOU'RE MY ONLY HOPE!] to implement Adelphinian Reforms like many of its neighbouring states, starting with the introduction of a Court of Discipline, as mandated by the Concord of Luxembourg. In return, Essen offers a trade deal with them to strengthen ties in the region.
 * Papal States: Habemus papam! Cortez from Castile has been elected pope late in the year, taking the name Callixtus IV, in honour of his predecessor. He is relatively young, and the Curia is hoping for a long pontificate.
 * In Austria, Archduke Albert focuses on recovering his nation from the slight warfare done in Wurttemberg. Meanwhile, Ferdinand has his first real test as a Ruler as he attempts to incorporate Wurttemberg into the holdings of Further Austria. Naming the City the capital of the County of Habsburg-Wurttemburg, he begins to administer his holdings. A Substancial force of five thousand guardsmen is kept as a police and security force for his realm, while the rest return to mainland Austria. The remaining days are spent converting currencies and standardizing weights throughout the realm, a feat which may take several years.
 * As a show of support for the new conquest. the Archbishop of Salzberg blesses the new conquests with prayers for Austria and the Habsburgs. The Archbishopric continues to work on currency conversion and other related matters.
 * Mayapan: Aztec expansion is heavily but discreetly monitored and preliminary defenses are prepared in case of war. The military is removed from the border, though still kept on alert​. Emperor Atlahua continues a campaign of expansion, though it is focused southward, opening unexplored lands for the nation. Integration of the southern city-states into the League is continued by the High Council. Each new state is expected to supply men to train and serve in the national army. The council seeks to improve commerce and communication between the many settlements of the Yucatan by constructing and maintaining roads between them. Work continues to renovate and update existing buildings, roads and to create plans for future upkeep and renovations.
 * Ethiopia: Zera in a dream sees Mogran as a bustling port city taking in trade from both the ile tributaries. When he wakes up he immediacy diverts funds to expand the city, and it secure his position on the Nile. He also begins to realize the trade that can come from him sending ships north on the main Nile. Zera ask the Egyptians if he may sail ships up the Nile for trade purposes (Mod response.) With the prosperity of the nation still expanding slowly the fate of Zera also expands, inviting not only Ethiopians, but fellow Africans. While on that note, Zera asks if the Ruler of Benin has any available young daughters for Zera's four-year-old son Baeda.
 * In Italy, King Niccolò Maria continues to oversee the integration of Modena, Ferrara, Padua, and Mantua into the Kingdom proper. Education reforms continue to gain in popularity as more and more young children are educated in the newly standardized Italian tongue. This has the added bonus of additional literature being written in the vernacular and understood more universally. We continue to manage our naval empire from the Middle Eastern trading ports to those of Northwestern Europe, earning massive amounts of revenues from trade. Additionally, workshops and industry continue to pick up in Italian cities, with art making up the third tier of the economy. A young innovator by the name of Carlo Ricciardelli begins experimenting with a more efficient method to produce iron, using larger forges and his knowledge of natural philosophy.
 * In Naples, Queen Mary Anjou continues to see a transition from a feudal nation to a more centralized nation, based on Italy as a model. The free city reform is seen as revolutionary, but sees incomes rise drastically in these locales. This leads to an increase in urbanization, and the Queen decides to focus heavily upon sanitation, drawing upon Barcelona as an examplar. The Italian and Neapolitan settlements in Epirus and the Morea continue, with the standardized Italian being taught to the commoners overseas as well as those domestically. In Croia, Thopia gains royal assent to go to war with Dukagjini in the coming years.


 * A week of mourning begins in Aragon following the sudden deaths of both the King and the Crown Princess. To ensure the continuation of our plans of unification with Castile, the new Queen of Aragon, Eleanor, marries Crown Prince Sancho of Castile in preparation for their coming joint leadership of the United Kingdom. Eleanor, a young woman equally as intelligent as her sister, begins studiously reading through her sister's notes and texts from her days as a student, and prepares herself for the Crown. However, with no teacher to help her, she prays to God that her choices and decisions as the Queen will be the right ones. Meanwhile, the new Queen, terrified of dying in childbirth, decides that for the time being, she will not have children. She spends her first months as Queen travelling around the territories of her domain, getting to know her people are their grievances.

1452
The persecution of Olofi's religion in Buganda gains followers from among the common people, who hide the hermit in safety.

''' The Runorqo come under attack as several mountain tribes in the region rebel against Runorqo hegemony of the region. '''

We don't object to the event, just a notice that we changed our name to Runorqo Empire  -Nova

Got it.

''' A strange phenomenon occurs in Oslo, where it rained blood from the sky for three days. '''

''' A group of occultists in Burgundy compile a book of divinations and begin seeking a printer to copy their book. '''

'''From now on, don't say "a mod told me". That's vague and suspicious. State which mod it was. -Scraw'''
 * Ngarringjeri Confederacy: The tribe continues to increase their agriculture, migrating with the birds and fish they hunt while the taro and yams grow during the year. The neighboring tribal states in the Adeleid valley are traded with for these foods, mostly in exchange for the precious red ochre. Among the newly-acquired arts in hunting, the tribe adopted some young dingos, and began raising them as their own.
 * Duchy of Brunswick-Luenburg: Duke Frederick of the House of Welf currently sits on the throne of the Duchy of Brunswick-Luenburg. The Duke begins to create fortifications in the city of Hanover, close to the Duchy's southern border. The Duke declares that he and his duchy are willing to support their North German brothers in Brandenburg-Luxembourg in any impending war within the HRE. As a result of this possible fighting, Frederick also begins to levy his southern forces. Small towns within the Duchy begin mining for iron and salt for purposes of self-sufficiency and small-time trade. Brunswick traders work with those in Bremen to trade through ports within the Hanseatic League.
 * Kingdom of Ireland: We begin constructing a Royal Palace to be finished in 1453. We begin expanding the road network across the rest of the country, though due to the new conquered territories, completion is estimated to be in 1457]We continue to expand our education system as we build more schools across the country. We have finished the print shop in Cork and now begin producing books, broadsheets, and printing presses. We begin equipping the Library of Cork and the Cork University with printing presses to store important knowledge and encourage literacy.With English help, we expand our shipbuilding facilities and begin building a modern navy. We begin to centralise power with the king beginning to be able to wield more power and are considering to begin moving away from feudalism to a more efficient system. We build fortifications in our lands as well as beginning to expand pre-existing towns and cities. Cork now has a population of 12,000 and is quickly turning into a bustling city. We also gift our conquered lands to nobles, though 50% of them are appointed by the English King. With the new influx of foreigners, we begin to try to assimilate them by teaching them Gaelic and our culture. We begin planning reforms to increase our economy. We begin to develop the economy be building mines across the country, as well as encouraging cottage industries. We give money to many of the lords to develop their lands. We offer to help settle Scottish deportees from Scotland for England.(English Mod response required) Military and infrastructure increased. Due to recent events in the Kalmar Union, we declare the selling of thralls illegal and attempt to abolish the thrall trade in Ireland within 1455.
 * Duchy of Thuringen: The city guard continues to defend the capital city of Erfurt. Our military grows by adding more recruits each year. We continue to trade again with our neighboring states. Farming goes well in our nation this year. The healthy population continues to increase by 3% each year. Karsten's improvement in the training area finishes this year when his parents die. Our economy continues to try and rebuild itself from the collapse of 1439. We continue to invest in Ekkehard's printing press, thinking it will help boost our economy of our nation back to what it used to be in 1438 before the collapse. We declare war on Bohemia and send 8,000 troops at Bohemia.
 * Ahom Kingdom: With the Ahom victory in the Third Ahom-Koch War, the Ahom demand 1/2 of Koch's current land for peace. (MOD RESPONSE, PLEASE)
 * Koch surrenders this land. -Scraw
 * Brandenburg-Luxembourg: With Burgundy successful in the defence against the emperor and marching east, Heinrich decides it is time to carry out the invasion of Bohemia launching a full scale invasion with the bulk of Bohemia's forces routed in the west. 20,000 troops launch an invasion of Silesia with the intent to break Bohemia's power. Under the leadership of Heinrich and his close advisors the forces are focused mainly on taking Breslau, The reformed army engages the remains of the Bohemian forces using the new tactics established over the past decade. The higher usage of cannons and hand cannons proves a useful scare tactic while mass volleys of crossbows prove devastating in the initial attacks. The light calvalry is used to out menuver Bohemian forces and to attack before falling back behind pike formations and volleys of arrows and cannon fire. Production of Firearms in Luxembourg continues to grow and gun smithies continue to play with the designs. Following the stunning and overwhelming victory at Cottbus and the subsequent occupation of Sorbia Heinrich gives the order to march on Breslau. Heinrich however offers the King of Bohemia a chance to avoid a complete disaster for his nation and offers him the chance to surrender to the Red Lion Alliance.
 * Korea, prompted by Japanese aggression, continues the improvement of its navy. Obsolete or worn out ships are retired from service, and the salvaged parts used to build newer ships. Most built ships are bigeodeo and gwaseon, though a few junks are built. The production of cannons and gunpowder weapons continue, and arsenals in coastal settlements are upgraded to fit a higher capacity of weapons. Patrols are done in neighbouring waters, to consolidate naval presence and to monitor what comes in and out of the area. With Seotaeman now a full-fledged colony, there is more efforts to expand it. A hundred settlers and needed materials are shipped to the colony, which is comprised of not only Koreans, but aborigines who choose to assimilate into the settlement. Seotaeman becomes increasingly self-sufficient, as the surrounding cultivatable land is cultivated to reduce the dependence on food imports. Seotaeman is fortified, and expands 100px. The Haesi colonies are separated, the Sakhalin part being Haesi-buk, while the Hokkaido part being Haesi-nam. Haesi-nam is expanded by 50px. The Jilin province in Northeast Manchuria expands vigorously, expanding by 150px. A thousand settlers from the nearby Hamgyeong and Ryojeo provinces arrive, assimilating local inhabitants and displacing those who resist assimilation. Mahayana Buddhism under the Yi sect, which fuses Confucian doctrines and Muist rites, becomes increasingly ingrained into Korean culture. Korea continues to experience increasing affluence under a meritocratic bureaucracy. Yi Do continues the encouragement of mercantile activities and commerce. Wealthy yangban patronize the arts and literature. Buildings are upscaled in beauty and sophistication to reflect Korea's growing affluence, while more people, especially those in the yangban, chung-in, and sang-in castes, choose partake in education. Korea sends a batch of tribute to the Ming.


 * Swahili: The nation's income continues to grow, both from increased tariffs and from the Royal Trade Fleet. Our manufacturers expand and make more money. We expand southward to connect our realm. 10,000 local tribesman and foreign settlers became citizens of our nation last year due to our policies of land reclamation and immigration attraction. We build cannons for our ships, just five each for our 20 largest ships. We continue to train our army. We continue spreading the silver dinar in our lands, now backed by Mtwara Gold. We begin to build more ships, as 50 ships are ordered in port towns. We ask Sofala for a Royal Marriage, and a unification of the crowns for the heir from the marriage (MOD RESPONSE PLEASE JOSH) . 
 * Buha Dilomacy to Swahili: We ask that you cooperate with us to stop this Hermit, as no matter what he says, once he overthrows us, he likely will aim to overthrow you. If you cooperate with us, we will personally invite your royal family to a party to encourage East African unity.


 * Buha: If anyone catches this imposter, we will personally reward you with many riches, many exotic gifts from Benin. Martial law has been declared, and will end as soon as the Hermit is caught. We believe that this Hermit is seeking to overthrow the Emperor, and using his "religion" in order to from a nation. We continue with deforestation, we build farms to help with our new agriculture industry.
 * King Olaf of Sweden: My children, Adele and Nils begin being more active and I hail my son as Jarl of Småland. Magnus shows inclination as an artist and Kristina is a sweet bundle of joy. Seeing Queen Emma irresponsible in her son's caretaking, I am taking tutelage over little Eric, and devote as many hours of my time to him. He seems happy around me, Isabella and the children. He sees me as his loving uncle, and we speak a lot in Swedish, Danish and Latin. I have continued instructing him in state affairs. Alas, he is very dependent on me and has his attacks of visions, which leaves me questioning if he may ot be possessed. I continue a policy of expanding eastward in Finland, to reach the Russian border. I support Declan O' Connor's venture to kill pagans in Finland and fund him. In order to cheer Demetrius up, I go to his castle and drink some beer with him. This doesn't cheer him up, though. I reaffirm my alliance with Brandenburg and secretly agree to their plan. We ask the pope to remove Blekinge from the Archbishopric of Lund and add it to the Archbishopric of Uppsala, in light of the current changes. Settlers found a settlement called Olafstad on a lake now called Olafkonung (OTL Oulujärvi Lake). Nils and Bengt Oxenstierna die in a matter of two months apart, and I am glad to hear that my cousin Eric has been elected Duke of Gotland. As such, Gotland formally fully applies the Olafinian Reforms and becomes a Swedish vassal. I appoint Kettil Vasa, my cousin, and the Archbishop of Uppsala as High Chancellor and await his decision on the other free spot of the council. The blood rain of Oslo is declared a sign of the unlawfulness of Christian thralldom.
 * Papal Diplomacy: His Holiness agrees to the changes.
 * Mayapan: Aztec expansion is heavily but discreetly monitored and preliminary defenses are prepared in case of war.Emperor Atlahua continues a campaign of expansion, though it is focused southward, opening unexplored lands for the nation. Integration of the southern city-states into the League is continued by the High Council. Each new state is expected to supply men to train and serve in the national army. The council seeks to improve commerce and communication between the many settlements of the Yucatan by constructing and maintaining roads between them. Work continues to renovate and update existing buildings, roads and to create plans for future upkeep and renovations.
 * Kingdom of England and Scotland: With the calming of fighting in Scotland we send another 3,000 people north into the Lowlands of Scotland around a Royal Castle while pulling 3000 people to England where they are given payment in addition to land. The nobles are reminded they are responsible for their peasants. More money continues to flow north into construction of the Royal Castles although all English troops are brought home and demobilised. Meanwhile, the government gets back it's ship construction back on track with more work on the docks at Portsmouth being capable of constructing warships.
 * Majapahit Empire: As the Empire awaits for the Bahmanids' next move, an additional 50 ships, and 55,000 additional troops are sent to Pegu, while Wuwamba Yuda officially orders the annexation of the Celebes and Borneo, while integration of the Maluke Islands continues. Infrastructure construction continues, while Kesuburan reaches 1,500 inhabitants, expanding the territory to the southeast of our initial settlement (OOC: the settlement is in Northwestern Papua) by at least 4 pixels. Meanwhile, over the course of the year, Wiwamba Yuda secretly requests that the Khmer Empire join the war against the Bahmanids in the event further confrontation begins (MODERATOR RESPONSE), while sending a letter to request negotiations to Sultan Ismail Shah in Malacca, where the terms to cease hostilities will be drawn up.


 * Papal States: The Holy Father grows concerned about the rise of occultist and other pagan practices which are having a resurgence in Europe. He writes a bull, Contra Occultism which highlights the errors of these practices, and commands the Dominicans and other well-known preachers to oppose the practices using sound logic and reason so that only the most obstinate could choose to continue in the practices. In other news, the Pope, hailing as he does from Castile, hears for the first time about the so-called "Adelphinian Reforms" spreading through Northern and Central Europe. He summons the Archbishop of Cologne and the Abbess of Essen to Rome to give a report on these so-called "Reforms". Whilst he is personally frightened by the idea of 'reforms', which sounds distinctly schismatic, he is told that the reforms have been very popular and helped end the Hussite Revolt, so is willing to listen to its proponents.


 * Cologne: Archbishop Dietrich II of Cologne continues to print Adelphinian wisdom on pamphlets and distribute them throughout the country. Vicar General Wikbold II continues into Westphalen to check Bibles. Further, Cologne continues to establish a small militia. Finally, the archbishop congratulates His New Holiness Callixtus IV on his election and sends Ekkehard Stelzner’s offer on from 1449: to show his gratitude for the Pope’s support of his invention and making him a Papal Count, he offers to send his younger son, Wilhelm Stelzner, to personally cater to His Holiness’s printing needs.
 * Essen: Abbess Sophia continues to wait for Trier, Nassau and Munster [SKYBOI YOU’RE MY ONLY HOPE] to respond to the offer of 1452.
 * Poland-Lithuania: We invade Bohemia in support of our ally Brandenburg with 62.000 troops. King Wladyslaw III focuses on consolidating the interior of the nation. Roman and Stephen, sons of the King's vassal Voivode Ilias Musat of Moldavia are in Poland, tutored by the King himself. King Wladyslaw III continues to turn into Crown lands any fiefdoms that reverted to the Crown after their nobles owners died. Some more poor friends of the King are nobilized and given extremely small fiefs along with an annual wage after vowing to always support the King and the Royal Dynasty, especially in the Sejm. King Wladyslaw III orders to initiate a gradual and peaceful process of resettlement of Kaunas, Vilnius, Trakai and Kernavė with highly motivated Polish settlers. In the economic realm, growing cottage industries begin to develop, such as iron working and wool trading in the burgeoning burghs, and animal husbandry continues to displace grain farming. To keep trade moving, Jews are not persecuted and taxes on goods are lowered, to make smuggling unprofitable. Krakow, Warsaw, Poznan, Bydgoszcz, Lublin, Lwow, Warszawa, Kaunas, Vilnius, Trakai, Kernavė, Kiev, Minsk and Chernigov experience a vast growth and increase in trade, attributed to a combination of lower taxes along with Jew money lending practices being de facto allowed and not persecuted. We begin to spread disconent within the Grand Boyardom of Russia sensing that their collapse is inevitable, only trying to speed it up. Many notable scholars as per King's orders, continue to work in the Slavonic language, to fix any grammatical and spelling errors. More books are published on the Slavonic language.
 * Moldavia: Voivode Ilias Musat focuses on consolidating the interior of the nation. In the economic realm, growing cottage industries begin to develop, such as iron working and wool trading in the burgeoning burghs, and animal husbandry continues to displace grain farming. To keep trade moving, Jews are not persecuted and taxes on goods are lowered, to make smuggling unprofitable. Suczawa experiences a vast growth and increase in trade, attributed to a combination of lower taxes along with Jew money lending practices being de facto allowed and not persecuted. A series of garrison forts are maintained along the border of the Ottoman Empire, the largest of the forts is Fort Jagiello, and being quarter walled with duct trenches and heavy palisades defending the reinforced stone that lay behind it. Fort Jagiello being a focal point to the Polish efforts to stop any Ottoman initiatives for expansion into the Polish realm as well as serving to honor and fulfill the 50 year NAP with the Ottoman Empire.


 * Austrian Archduke Albert, Seeing his chance to regain power that they would have lost during the unfair partitions into imperial circles, which would give outside nations a say in austrian affairs, Albert calls the banners, bringing twenty thousand men to arms, and launches an invasion of bohemia. It was not enough that The Emperor refused to grant Austria an Electorate, It was not enough that the Emperor allowed Milan, now Italy, to gain aquileia, a part of the ancient duchy of Carinthia. Now they had put Austria in an imperial circle with Italy having a voice. Austria does not even have a majority vote, the others given to Bohemia and Italy, even within its own circle, while the others dominate in their home circles. No, such unfairnesses and attempts to reduce Austrain power and influence cannot last for long. Once a man has spit in the face of an alliance, it takes years and  years to mend it. The Austrian troops march north into bohemia, while many more stay in Austria and are stationed at the southern border. If the Italians wish to attack, they will have the mountains, and their attrition, to contend with (I had simple requests, blocky, and you managed to screw up on both of them).
 * Count of Habsburg-Wurttemberg Ferdinand does not join his father's war. Not right away, as he still has to incorporate his own new conquests. He appoints Ludvig, former count of Wurttemberg, as "Baron Primus", making him a magistrate in his old realm. the man quickly commits suicide, leaving the title to his young son Eberhart, seven years of age and perfect for moulding into a loyal subject through indoctrination. The events are so convenient to Ferdinand, that some suspect that Ludvig's death by jumping out of a window in a tower may not be suicide after all, but nobody will ever know...Ferdinand, in the meanwhile, continues to incorporate many Austrian administrative principles into Wurttemberg, including standardizing the weights, measures, and currency with the Archduhcy.
 * The Archbishop of Salzburg dies this year. His replacement, Berthold, is much more loyal to Austria, swearing fealty in "temporal matters" to his overlord, Albert V & II of Austria. One of his first actions, in addition to continuing the Austrification of Salzburg, is blessing the war against Bohemia, giving the troops a small boost in morale.
 * Kingdom of France: Turn coming soon.