Colonisation of Africa (Twilight of a New Era)

The colonisation of Africa has a long history, the most famous phase being the European Scramble for Africa of the nineteenth century.

The main colonial powers are France, United Kingdom and Portugal. Of lesser importance are Belgium, Italy and Spain. The German Empire's territories where given out of France and United Kingdom after World War I as specified by the Treaty of Versailles (1920).

The only independent states are Liberia and Ethiopia. Specifically Egypt, Bechuanaland, Swaziland, British Somaliland, Zanzibar, Morocco and Tunisia are protectorates of the Imperial Commonwealth Federation or French Union.



Colonial Territories
The French Union has:
 * French Magreb Compact (Protectorates of Morocco and Tunisia)
 * French West Africa (Afrique occidentale française, AOF) with its capital in Dakar. Compromises the colonies of Mauritania, Senegal, French Sudan (now Mali), French Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast), Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso), Dahomey (now Benin) and Niger.
 * French Equatorial Africa (Afrique équatoriale française, AEF) with its capital in Brazaville. Compromises the colonies of Gabon, Middle Congo, Oubangui-Chari and Chad.
 * French Somaliland
 * Madagascar
 * French Indian Ocean (Océan indien francais OIF) with its capital in Port Louis. Compromises the Comoros, Mauritius, Seychelles and Réunion.

The Imperial Commonwealth Federation has: Union of South Africa (Dominion status)

The protectorates of
 * Kingdom of Egypt
 * Bechuanaland Protectorate
 * Kingdom of Swaziland
 * British Somaliland
 * Sultanate of Zanzibar

The Crown colonies
 * Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
 * British West Africa (Sierra Leona + Gambia + British Gold Coast (modern Ghana) + Federation of Nigeria)
 * British East Africa (Kenya + Uganda + Tanganyika Territory)
 * British Central Africa (Northern Rhodesia + Southern Rhodesia + Malawi)
 * Territory of Basutoland
 * Suez Canal Zone

The Portuguese Empire compromises the Overseas Provinces (Províncias Ultramarinas) of:
 * Mozambique, capital Lourenço Marques Flag of Portuguese East Africa (proposal).svg
 * Angola, capital Luanda Flag of Portuguese West Africa (proposal) svg.png
 * Portuguese Guinea (Guiné Portuguesa), capital Bissau

Italy has the territories of:
 * Italian North Africa (Africa Settentrionale Italiana, or ASI)
 * Italian Eritrea
 * Italian Somaliland

The Kingdom of Belgium, the Free State of Congo

Spain has the territories of
 * Spanish Sahara
 * Spanish Protectorate of Morocco
 * Spanish Territories of the Gulf of Guinea

The German Empire until 1920 had the territories of:
 * German Cameroon (German: Kamerun), given to UK and France
 * German East Africa (German: Deutsch-Ostafrika), given to UK (British East Africa)
 * German South West Africa (German: Deutsch-Südwestafrika, DSWA), given to the Union of South Africa
 * Togoland protectorate, given to UK and France

Since 1912 and by the Convention of Tangier signed between Spain, France and UK, Tangier is an international city (Tangier International Zone). The governments of Italy, Portugal, Belgium, Netherlands and United States have adhered to the convention since then.