User:Candiesrgood/Sandbox I/MDM Georgia


 * Note: Please don't look at the sandbox.

Architecture

 * Palatial / castle complex
 * ~ Palace of Erekle II (Telavi)


 * Fortress


 * Cathedral


 * Monastic complex
 * Motsameta Monastery (Kutaisi)
 * Motsameta Monastery (Kutaisi)
 * Motsameta Monastery (Kutaisi)


 * Isolated monasteries


 * Isolated church

Military

 * Divisions
 * – area ruled by the tsikhistavi


 * Offices
 * – Commander-in-Chief
 * / – "Duke";
 * – military-administrator (for small fortified cities, castles)


 * Roles
 * – elite unit
 * royal guard + standing army
 * consists of heavy "shock" cavalry
 * cataphracts ~ heavily-armored, lance, sword


 * – mercenaries


 * Knights
 * often lesser nobles (acquired from patent)


 * Tactic sources
 * ~ example of Davidian tactics







Socio-political organization

 * Administration
 * included representatives from didebuli (upper nobility), upper clergy, and merchants
 * included representatives from didebuli (upper nobility), upper clergy, and merchants


 * (Majordomo) – oversaw palatial + court affairs
 * (Chancellor) – headed government affairs
 * (Treasurer) – oversaw treasury
 * (Master of Ceremonies) – oversaw rites + foreign receptions
 * (Marshal) – oversaw royal stables + served as Commander-in-Chief (during wartime)
 * (Vizier) – raised heir apparent + gave advice
 * (Vizier) – raised heir apparent + gave advice


 * Divisions
 * – "Duchy"; ruled by Eristavi


 * Classes


 * – royalty


 * – upper nobility
 * called as "Princes", or rarely, "Dukes"
 * synonymous with the
 * includes, who occupy the gubernatorial offices


 * – lower nobility
 * consists of freemen, lack titles
 * constitutes the middle-class
 * is hereditary, can be acquired via a patent from the lord
 * divided into three subclasses (ranked in status):
 * "vassals of the King"
 * "vassals of the Church"
 * "vassals of the Prince"


 * – commoner class

Under David VIII

 * David VIII dethrones Constantine I of Imereti; thus placing all of Georgia under his direct rule
 * claims Byzantine throne via maternal grandfather (Manuel I of Trebizond) ~ nominal claim


 * Queen consort Oljath bears him a child
 * secures him as the heir apparent
 * George V is sent to study (groomed to be the regent)
 * strengthens ties with the Ilkhanids (of which, Oljath is a member of)


 * various economic reforms
 * expansion of taxation > allows increased government endeavors
 * establishment of a standard minted coinage
 * establishment of state monopolies


 * structural reform > to promote centralization


 * feudal vassalage system replaced with a system of centralized provincial administration
 * position of erastavi (Governor–General; or "Duke") becomes appointed by the monarch, from the pool of upper nobility (mtavari) instead of being hereditary
 * other upper nobles (mtavari) become town administrators, who are in turn appointed by Erastavi (but subject under the approval of the monarch)
 * lesser nobles (aznauri) may fulfill bureaucratic roles within local administration; however, mostly small-holders
 * number of aznauri increased substantially


 * establishment of a central civil and criminal code
 * adoption of Byzantine law


 * main mercenaries shift to Mongol ones (paid in coinage and/or grain)


 * feudal conscription replaces mercenaries a bulk of the army


 * number of men in Monaspa is steadily increased in number to ~15,000
 * 5,000 in capital
 * 10,000 in provincial garrisons


 * the main goal of the reforms is to standardize equipment (through state-provision) and increase the level of organization
 * whilst aspects of Mongol strategy and some Mongol tactics are adopted, Georgian militaries continue to operate largely under pre-existing Davidian doctrine
 * archery is promoted


 * cavalry
 * divided into cataphracts (shock) and newly-trained horse-archers (skirmishing/harassing)
 * initially, horse-archers are largely Mongolian mercenaries
 * horse-archers may dismount when engaging with foot archers


 * crossbowmen
 * hired from Italy


 * infantry
 * feudal levies
 * adoption of Byzantine tactics (phalanx formation)
 * flanks + rear } to be secured w/ light cavalry or crossbowmen


 * equipment is standardized, production managed by the Treasurer + Marshal
 * heavy cavalry – scale armor (for horse), mail armor (for rider), a lance, a saber
 * light cavalry – two composite recurve bows (one for mounted use, one for dismounted use) w/ six quivers, a saber
 * infantry – a spear, a shield


 * standard rationing


 * usage of siege engines – trebuchets + ballistas } Mongol engineers


 * more fortresses


 * private militias are limited in number


 * transfer of the ethnic Georgian Caucasuses to Georgian rule
 * patronage of Persian Christianization
 * hiring of Georgian mercenaries
 * increased tribute to the Persians
 * lack of tariffs, facilitates increased trade for lucrative Georgian goods (glassware, enamelware, metalware, and wine)

Under George V

 * social reforms
 * serfs are freed but not given land; remain bound as tenant farmers
 * promotion of activities conducted by monks and nuns (charity)
 * promotion of monastic schools as centers for education + establishment of a medieval university in Tbilisi
 * promotion of Georgian as lingua franca
 * promotion of Hellenic + Orthodox Christian culture


 * promotion of Georgian manufacturing + foreign commerce
 * merchant and craftsmen guilds encouraged in cities
 * economic reforms spur economic growth; increased tax revenue + financial influence overseas


 * cultivation of barley over wheat; rye to be grown in marginal soils
 * barley contains more energy than wheat
 * barley can be brewed into beer


 * Byzantine architectural style is copied (w/ aid from Greek architects and artisans)
 * in Tbilisi – establishment of central forum + market-place
 * urban planning


 * architectural boom
 * houses
 * monasteries + churches
 * castles
 * fortresses + city walls
 * public baths


 * foreign expansion into Anatolia

Agriculture

 * Arable land (note, arable land ≠ cultivated land)
 * Georgia – 8,015.5km2 (historical peak)


 * [Eastern] Armenia – 4,758.9km2 (historical peak)


 * Azerbaijan – 22,083 - 3,324 = 18,759km2 (ATL)
 * 19,745km2 (OTL)


 * Pontus–Bithynia (incl. Trebizond) – ~13,541.32
 * based off productivity of 3,105kg per hectare, and population of approx. 6,500,000 (modern-day)


 * Northern Caucasus – ~26,952.4km2
 * assuming productivity of 2,400kg per hectare, and population of approx 10,000,000 (modern-day)


 * Crimea – ~6,155.9km2
 * assuming productivity of 2,400kg per hectare, and population of 2,284,000 (modern-day)


 * Western Armenia – ~4,886.8km2 (?) ~ lower estimate
 * assuming productivity of 800kg per hectare and population of ~604,375


 * Trebizond / Pontus – ~2,021.4km2 (?) ~ lower estimate
 * assuming productivity of 800kg per hectare and population of ~250,000


 * Cereal production per hectare
 * 800–1,200kg – pre-18th century
 * 1,600–2,000kg – 18th century
 * 2,000–3,500kg – 19th century / early 20th century


 * Formula for carrying capacity
 * arable land (in km2) – A
 * daily grain requirement (in kg) – R
 * = (9,414 / 2) ÷ energy (in kJ) per kg
 * cereal production per hectare (in kg) – P


 * C = 100AP ÷ (365 × 5R)
 * A = 18.25RC ÷ P
 * P = 18.25RC ÷ A


 * 2,667.8 – potatoes
 * 1,446.2 – taro
 * 1,282.1 – cassava
 * 627.5 – wheat + maize
 * 583.2 – barley
 * 562.2 – rice + maize

Regional specialization

 * Legend
 * (L) – later
 * ~ – note
 * ? – tentative conquest


 * Crimea
 * salt production
 * mining; limestone and porphyry
 * aquaculture
 * pearls


 * Northern Caucasus (?)
 * cereals and legumes ~ staples


 * Georgia
 * cotton textiles ~ raw cotton imported from Azerbaijan
 * silk garments & brocades ~ most raw silk imported
 * wine + specialized earthenware vessels (kvevri)
 * glassware ~ luxury good
 * enamelware ~ luxury good
 * metalware (incl. jewelry) ~ luxury good


 * arms (L)
 * raw silk ~ limited production only
 * honey + beeswax


 * Azerbaijan
 * cotton


 * cereals and legumes ~ staples
 * mined ores; iron, copper, gold, and silver


 * Armenia – products generally consumed domestically
 * cereals and legumes ~ staples
 * animal husbandry
 * woolens
 * tcodairy products
 * leather + leatherworks


 * Trebizond
 * olive oil
 * soaps ~ luxury good
 * perfumes + incense ~ luxury good


 * Mesopotamia (?)
 * cereals and legumes ~ staples
 * olive oil
 * citrus fruit

Foreign trade

 * Exports
 * cotton textiles
 * silk garments
 * enamelware
 * Georgian wine (transported in kvevri jars)
 * metalware and jewelry ~ limited; luxury good


 * Imports
 * raw silk
 * timber + charcoal
 * gold and silver ~ for coinage
 * spices, sugar, salt
 * Persian heavy textiles

Renamed regions and cities

 * Pontus > Pontusi
 * Trebizond / Trabzon > Trapizoni
 * Kotyora / Ordu > Kotirora
 * Amisos / Samsun > Amisi


 * Paphlagonia > Paplonia
 * Sinope / Sinop > Sinopi
 * Amastris / Amasra > Uhastriri
 * Heracleia / Eregli > Erikleia


 * Bithynia > Bitinia / Bithyni
 * Nicomedia / Izmit > Nikomidi / Nikomedeia
 * Nicaea / Iznik > Nikea / Nakaia
 * Chalcedon / Kadikoy > Chklidoni / Kalchedon


 * Thrace > Thracia / Thracia
 * Constantinople / Istanbul > Bizantia / Constantinopolis


 * Ionia > Ionia
 * Smyrna / Izmir > Symrna
 * Prusa / Bursa > Prusa
 * Antioch (in Cilicia) / Adana > Antiocheia, in Cilicia
 * Iconion / Konya > Iconion


 * Cappadocia > Kapadovkia
 * Nicopolis / Koyulhisar > Nikopolis


 * Cilicia > Kilikia
 * Tarsus > Tursus
 * Aegeae > Egeyan
 * Anazarbos > Anazaros

Population estimates (in 1300 AD )

 * "Georgia proper" – 2.5 million inhabitants
 * of which, ~1.8 million is in territory of modern-day Georgia


 * Armenia – approx. 363k ~ only Eastern Armenia will be held
 * Armenian population in 1800 = 431k
 * assumes 37.5% of Armenians live in modern-day Armenia (prior to the Armenian Genocide), total population of Armenians in 1800 would be ~1.149 million
 * assuming an accumulative growth rate of ~18.89% from 1300 to 1800 (as Georgia grew from 900k to 1.07 million), total number of Armenians in 1300 would be ~967k


 * Azerbaijan – approx. 740k ~ since only territory of modern-day Azerbaijan would be held
 * Azerbaijani population in 1800 = 880k
 * assuming 30% of Azeris live in modern-day Azerbaijan, total population of Azeris in 1800 would be ~2.93 million
 * assuming an accumulative growth rate of ~18.89% from 1300 to 1800 (as Georgia grew from 900k to 1.07 million), total number of Azeris in 1300 would be ~2.467 million


 * Trebizond – 250k


 * Anatolia – 5–7 million
 * 45% – Greeks (based off the population of historically majority Greek-speaking areas)
 * 2.5% – Georgian / Laz (based off an upper figure of 2.25 million out of ~89 million today)
 * 11.6% – Kurdish (based off a figure of 1.5 million out of 12.9 million in 1885)
 * 13.3% – Armenian (based off figure of 2 million out of 15 million in 1914)
 * 20% – Turk (based off a fifth of Anatolia being nomads)
 * 7.6% – Other; Arabs, Assyrians, Jews, etc.


 * Later:
 * 20% – Georgian (plurality – ~50% – in Thrace, western Bythinia; majority in eastern Bythinia and Trebizond; minority in interior)
 * 15% – Armenian (east)
 * 10% – Kurdish (southeast)
 * 20% – Turk (interior)
 * 30% – Greek (west)
 * 5% – other (mainly Arabs and Assyrians, in the southeast)