Principia Moderni III (Map Game)

Principia Moderni, or "The Beginning of the Modern" in late Latin, was a map game beginning in the final days of the Middle Ages in Europe, and the early days of the Ming Dynasty in China - in 1400 CE, a turbulent era; in other words, an era of change; an era in which power is cemented. The first game was perhaps the most successful map game on the wiki in terms of length, finishing without dying and plausible expansions. However, it did have its problems, and has now finished. The second game, instead of being a worthy successor to the first, was marred by over-expansionism, feuds between players, ambiguity in the rules, which often caused controversy on wars between player nations, over-competitiveness and overall inactivity of the moderators, but was nevertheless successful in reaching the Modern Age. And thus, this third installment has been created. Welcome to Principia Moderni III!

Active

 * 1) Andr3w777 (Moderator extraordinaire, Destroyer of Worlds)
 * 2) Callumthered (Still interested?)
 * 3) Collie Kaltenbrunner (Former Moderator-in-Chief, Assistant Mapmaker)
 * 4) CourageousLife
 * 5) CrimsonAssassin (Moderator and Mapmaker, Leader of the Autobots)
 * 6) EiplecOco (Mapmaker, Neutrality Bringer, Air Breather)
 * 7) Monster Pumpkin (Moderator-in-Chief, ModPrah)
 * 8) Sine dei gloriem (Moderator and Mapmaker)
 * 9) SkyGreen24 (Moderator, Algorithm Fixer, Mapmaker)
 * 10) Edgeofnight

Honourary

 * AwesomePeruvian
 * Commandante Lemming
 * Cosman246 (creator of the first game)
 * Detectivekenny (moderator-in-chief of the first game)
 * Fedelede
 * Feudalplague (Algo Mod, ASB Hunter, Mapmaker,  Emperor of the World )
 * Galaguerra1
 * LurkerLordB (moderator-in-chief of Principia Moderni II until about 1580)
 * NovaSims
 * PitaKang
 * Saamwiil (Moderator, Arbiter, Map-editor)
 * Scandinator   (Mapmaker, Disaster Mod)
 * Scrawland Scribblescratch (Mapmaker only)
 * VonGlusenburg

Current Map
Map rules: 
 * As a note to everyone, do not edit the map unless you are authorized as a mapmaker. Inability to follow this rule will be met with action.
 * Remember to align the map to the center.
 * Please use the posted map as the Base map for editing from now on.
 * All mods, please update the current map instead of adding a new file from now on, there is no need to have three files if two of them are unused.

Sign-ups

 * See Also: Territories

Western Europe (France and Iberia)

 * Brittany -
 * French Empire / Monarchy
 * France - Sine dei gloriem &#34;Ex Initio Terrae&#34; (talk)
 * Andorra (Vassal of France) - Sine dei gloriem &#34;Ex Initio Terrae&#34; (talk)
 * Union of Lorraine
 * Kingdom of Rhenanie (French Rhineland) - Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae"talk
 * Artois (Vassal of France) - Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Kingdom of Lower Burgundy (Personal Union with Rhineland) - Sine dei gloriem &#34;Ex Initio Terrae&#34; (talk)
 * French Mali (French Colony) - Sine dei gloriem &#34;Ex Initio Terrae&#34; (talk)
 * Navarre -
 * Kingdom of the Netherlands -
 * Luxembourg -
 * Portugal - Collie Kaltenbrunner (talk)
 * Castile - Sand trooper-Squad leader
 * Kingdom of Aragon -

Northern Europe (Britain and Scandinavia)

 * Scandinavia
 * Denmark - Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svgLabarum.jpgCrimsonAssassin- I have special eyes
 * Sweden - Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svgLabarum.jpgCrimsonAssassin- I have special eyes
 * Norway - Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svgLabarum.jpgCrimsonAssassin- I have special eyes
 * Schleswig - Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svgLabarum.jpgCrimsonAssassin- I have special eyes
 * Albion - Cour *talk*
 * Éire - Cour *talk*
 * England - Cour *talk*
 * Wales - Cour *talk*
 * Dublin - Cour *talk*
 * Scotland - Cour *talk*
 * Brittanic Republican Rebels - —Bfoxius (talk)

Central Europe

 * Swiss Confederacy- Leldy22
 * Czechia -
 * Silesia -
 * Crown-Union of Germany
 * Kingdom of Bavaria (Constituent State)  - Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Kingdom of Austria (Constituent State) -  Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Kingdom of Venezia (Constituent State) - Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Colony of Nei Baiern (Constituent Colony) - Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Colony of Neu Schwaben (Constituent Colony) - Cookiedamage (talk)
 * City of Lübeck (Constituent City) - Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Port of Bremen (Constituent Territory) - Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Holy Roman Empire
 * Kingdom of Westphalia - Mscoree (talk)
 * Hesse - Mscoree (talk)
 * Mainz - Mscoree (talk)
 * Pfalz (Palatinate) - Mscoree (talk)
 * Duchy of Hamburg - I am that guy (talk)
 * Holstein (vassal of Hamburg) -
 * Mecklenburg (Personal union with Hamburg) -
 * Münster (Prince-Bishopric, vassal of Hamburg) -
 * Oldenburg - Callumthered (talk)
 * Osnabrück (Prince-Bishopric, vassal of Oldenburg) - Callumthered (talk)
 * Grand Duchy of Rhineland - Ratcolor (talk)

Southern Europe (Italy and the Balkans)

 * Roman (Byzantine) Empire - Monster Pumpkin
 * Italy -- Monster Pumpkin
 * Croatian Archvoivodeship - SkyGreen24
 * Carantania
 * Kingdom of Lombardy -
 * Vlachia - Saiyanscars (talk) 21:58, April 26, 2015 (UTC)
 * Sardinia (Personal Union with France) -- Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)

Eastern Europe

 * Russia -- Killerf111
 * Pskov/Union of Konigsberg - -Lx (leave me a message)Azarath Flag.png
 * Ruthenia -- Yank
 * Poland - Toby2: THEY CALL ME Mr. Awesome!!!
 * Prussia - Blocky858
 * Tartary - Happy65

Anatolia and Caucasia

 * Kingdom of Armenia -
 * Kingdom of Georgia - Sparkly Venice (Call me sparkly)

Mesopotamia

 * Grand Principality of Assyria - Flag_of_South_Korea.png PitaKang- (Talk to me | Kill count: 6)

Levant

 * Judea (Roman Vassal) - "This is not your grave  but you are welcome in it. " 20:23, April 2, 2015 (UTC)
 * Syria (Roman Vassal) -"This is not your grave  but you are welcome in it. " 20:23, April 2, 2015 (UTC)

Arabia

 * Hashemite Caliphate -

Central Asia

 * Khanate of Bukhara (vassal of the Tartary) -  Happy65  Messages 
 * Shahdom of Verkana (vassal of the Tartary) -  Happy65  Messages 
 * Persia - TheMarxist (talk) 05:03, April 15, 2015 (UTC)

South Asia

 * Bengal Sultanate - ♣There is no good or evil: only power and those too weak to seek it♣
 * Bahmani Sultanate - ♣There is no good or evil:  only power and those too weak to seek it♣
 * Vijaynagara Rajya -
 * Udaipur Sultanate -
 * Jaunpur Sultanate -
 * Suri Empire - The Bearded B*st*rd (talk)
 * Punjab Confederacy -
 * Empire of Lanka -
 * Madras (Vassal of Lanka) -
 * Free City of Nellore (Enclave/colony of Hamburg) -- I am that guy (talk)

East Asia

 * Western Chagatai Khanate -- Adamgerd (talk)
 * Hualian -
 * Great Manchu Empire -
 * Japanese Empire - Kill them all (talk)
 * Formosa -  Kill them all (talk)
 * Yantai - Kill them all (talk)
 * Qingdao -  Kill them all (talk)


 * Shanghai - Kill them all (talk)
 * Heinan - Kill them all (talk)
 * Paupa (Colony)  -  Kill them all (talk)
 * Kiamigutai (Colony)  -   Kill them all (talk)


 * Korea - Seiga
 * Mongol Khanate -
 * Mangut Nivkhgu - Commandante Lemming (talk)
 * Tibet -Tao64 (talk) 12:28, April 7, 2015 (UTC)
 * Shun China - Daeseunglim (talk)

South-East Asia

 * Ayutthaya -
 * Cambodia -
 * Loas -
 * Pegu -
 * Dawei  -
 * Shan States -
 * Taungoo   -

Asian Islands

 * Aceh - (Protectorate of Hamburg) I am that guy (talk)
 * Aru  -
 * Bima -
 * Bone -
 * Brunei - (Protectorate of Netherlands) --
 * Kutai -
 * Demak Sultanate -
 * Malacca - (Protectorate of Netherlands) --
 * Upper Makassar - (Protectorate of the Netherlands) --
 * Makassar -
 * Minahasa -
 * Dipa -
 * Pagaruyung -
 * Selebar -
 * Siak -
 * Sukadang -
 * Sunda (Protectorate of Netherlands) -
 * Tidore -
 * Tondo - Erizium (talk) 13:58, April 19, 2015 (UTC) ~
 * Tulang Bawang -
 * Timor -
 * Philippines - Vatonica

North Africa

 * Gasfa -
 * Kingdom of Africa - Sine dei gloriem &#34;Ex Initio Terrae&#34; (talk)
 * Kingdom of Morocco -
 * Zab -

West Africa

 * Borgu - Krazy KR ( talk)
 * Ife -
 * Igala -
 * Jenne -
 * Kanem Empire -
 * Kwararafa -
 * Mema -
 * Mossi -
 * Nupe -
 * Salum -
 * Siine -
 * Songhay -
 * Takur -
 * Tuareg -
 * Wolof -
 * Zafunu -
 * Kingdom of the Kongo -
 * Nigeria (Dutch Colony) -
 * Oyo (Dutch Colony) -

South Africa

 * Great Zimbabwe -
 * on - Saamwiil, the Humble
 * Cape Ferdinand -
 * Maravi Confederacy - Oh lawdy, it's Wobblestheclown
 * South Africa (Dutch Colony) -

East Africa

 * Aleppraqht -
 * Al-Somal -
 * Mogadishi -
 * Iritriya -
 * Ethiopian Empire -
 * Interlacustrine States (fragmented) -
 * Empire of Madagasikara -
 * Mozambika (French vassal) -
 * Sofala (French vassal) -
 * Swahili City-States
 * Al-Swahili -
 * Dar es Salaam -
 * Kilwa  -

Oceania

 * Marrikuwuyanga -
 * New Mecklenburg: I am that guy (talk)
 * Otago Maori -
 * Waikato Maori -
 * Tonga -
 * Tahiti -
 * Samoa -
 * Hawaii - João &#34;like rio&#34; Dinis (talk) 18:20, April 22, 2015 (UTC)

Borealia

 * Reme - Saturn120 18:27, April 4, 2015 (UTC)
 * Illinikew -
 * Lenni Lenape (Delaware) -
 * Susquehanna -
 * Erie - BUFF7
 * Wyandotte (Huron) -
 * Tionontati (Petun) -
 * Ottawa - CaptainCain (talk)
 * Attawandaron (Neutral) -
 * Bodewadmik (Potawatomi) -
 * Asakiwaki (Sauk) -
 * Meskwaki (Fox) -
 * Kiwigapawa (Kickapoo) -
 * Mascouten -
 * Mamaceqtaw (Menominee) -
 * Ho-chunk (Winnebego) -
 * Santee Dakota (Sioux) -
 * Tsoyaha (Yuchi) -
 * Yamasee -
 * Thimogna (Timucna) -
 * Seminole Chiefdom -
 * Apalachee -
 * Chatot -
 * Pensacola -
 * Taneks-haya (Biloxi) -
 * Acolapissa -
 * Houma -
 * Chitimach -
 * Bayogoulaa -
 * Natchez -
 * Yoron (Tunica) -
 * Chahta (Choctaw) -
 * Albaamaha -
 * Chickasha (Chickasaw) -
 * Ugakhpa (Quapaw) -
 * Kadawdaachuh (Caddo) -
 * Kiowa -
 * Niukonska (Osage) --
 * Illini -
 * Neutache (Missouria) - Jermster108
 * Otoe -
 * Algonquian Sachemate (protectorate of France) -Shikata ga nai!
 * Republic of Labrador -
 * Kiatagmiut Band -
 * United Commonwealth of Boralia - Nathan1123 (talk)

Lower Borealia

 * Cuba (territory of Hamburg) - I am that guy (talk)
 * Guaymi -
 * Mexeca Spartian300
 * Morelia -
 * Ngobe-Bugle (vassal and personal union with Guaymi) -
 * Tenocha -

Hesperia

 * Adean Union
 * Kingdom of Andea -
 * Kingdom of Apeac:  (Puppet of Andea):~Edge
 * Osean Confederation (Puppet of Andea):~ Edge
 * Vorlayacor (Personal Union with Andea): This is Edge, He is a cool guy when he isn't too lazy to sign his real sig. Hit him up.
 * Brazil (Pro Andea-Government and Member of the Second Hesperian League):
 * Domain of Hesperia: Cour *talk*
 * The Guianas: (Colony of the Dutch) -
 * Colombia: (Colony of the French) - Sine

Wall of Shame
This list is for users currently prohibited from participating in the game.
 * User: Arceus The God of Pokemon : permanent ban for sockpuppetting on the first game.
 * User: Eldwolf : permanent ban for deleting the entire page of the first game and replacing it with profanities.
 * User: Twisty123456789 : permanent ban for sockpuppeting on the second game.
 * User: Ratc3333 : permanent ban for sockpuppeting.
 * User: Vivaporious: Perma ban for ignoring mods, excessive implausibility and inability to remain civil with other players.

1850
''' Communism grows in Finland, though it becomes less popular as a somewhat less-radical socialist outlook evolves, especially in Helsinki. '''

''' The mechanical theory of heat is discovered in Athens, paving the way for the laws of Thermodymanics to be ascertained in later years. '''


 * United German Kingdoms: King Sophia dies in her sleep in May. She is succeeded by her son, who takes the name Karl III. King Karl sponsors an expansion and modernization of the navy, looking to take advantage of newer and more efficient steam engines. Meanwhile, the first of hopefully consistent census is taken. When the results are counted in November, they peg the population at 12.5 million citizens, with 200,000 residents in New Rugia, and 2.2 million in Kuba, and another 900,000 spread through the overseas provinces of New Hamburg, New Brunswick, and Belize. The remaining population is spread out in the core European territories.


 * Sultanate of Bengal: Sultan Mahmud Shah I was proclaimed the Sultan of the Sultanate of Bengal on 1810, and he initiated his rule over the Sultanate soon after. The Bengali population rose about 70.1 million, mostly due to the large influx of Bengali immigrants coming from former Bengali crown vassals, for the economic opportunity was on the rise. The Empire officially began a reform of the economic system looking to bail the economy out of crisis from war debt, and the bullion was geared toward giving the empire a competitive edge in being able to invest millions on a whim in order to drive up investments and production. A new and strict tax system was established, based off the Sharia law, a decision lauded by the largely conservative populace. The monarchy also implemented a new currency system which was to be the well-regulated silver-based Bengali Tanki. Meanwhile, the Bengali military was divided into a Naval Force, Land Force and an Imperial Guard with each having their appointed head, answerable to the Sultan. The Bengali navy experimented its first ironclads and began further development of its new larger classes of steam engine ships, churning out first rate flagships for various fleets, and more third rates, and fourth rates with the occasional second rate to augment the smaller patrol fleets, the fifth and sixth rates began to become more standard as light and medium frigates for singular voyages and patrols among other things. For the land force, a standardized army of roughly 300,000 was raised with soldiers armed with modern rifles and with cannons to be used as an ideal seige equipment. The infantry was also equipped with daggers and swords, although the latter were usually ceremonial. The land forces acted to prevent any foreign incursion into Bengal whilst the Imperial Guard existed to thwart any attempt by revolutionaries to abolish the Sultanate. Given the lack of supply of armaments from Europe, many armament companies were established at local as well as national level which served national interests, as they actively engaged in production of firearms. In agriculture was the largest economic focus of Bengal, selling such goods as rice, wheat, maize, potatoes, indigo, opium, wheat, cannabis and other crops to European merchants as well as Indian. However, jute and muslin, in particular served as the most important exports of Bengal given the general need for such in Europe. The flocking of populations to Bengal coastal cities continued, with a mass increase of population in Visakhapatnam, Calcutta, Bhubaneswar, and various other minor cities and townships throughout the south. Of particular importance was the city of Calcutta which was established as the new capital of Bengal, replacing Pandua. Thus, with the constant inflow of manpower towards the coast, the Sultanate expanded upon its shipbuilding and fishery industry, and actively exploited the riches of the Bay of Bengal as it had been established as a virtual Bengali lake, with little to no opposition faced from Burma or Vijaynagar. Indeed, Bengal served as the principle centres of industry in the world. Along the same time, the Bengali Renaissance was in full swing with movements such as the Young Bengal movement established that espoused rationalism and atheism as the common denominators of civil conduct amongst the educated masses. The monarchy generally co-operated with the upholders of the renaissance, and brought forth social reforms in order to disband various backward practices such as belief in 'Priests' possessing powers which was termed shirk. Along the same time, education and scientific research was promoted amongst the masses, with schools and colleges constructed throughout the Sultanate. International-standard universities were also constructed at Kolkata, Pauda, Gaur and Visakhapatnam in order for Bengal to advance ahead of other Indian states and maintain a particular pace as the world entered into the stage of industrialization. However, it was the Bengali literature that reached its Golden Age with hundreds of poets and scholars sprouting throughout the Sultanate. The Sultanate itself promoted Urdu as well as Bengali, however it was generally the former which entered into its zenith since Urdu was largely used amongst the elites. The positive attitude of the populace towards industrialization aided in promoting it, with a railroad and telephone system established which connected the Sultanate and eased transportation and communication. Along the same time, Bengali influence steadily grew in Jaunpur with extensive co-operation and trade between the two states. [Mil/Eco Turn]
 * ​Bengal - Jaunpur Diplomacy: In light of Jaunpur's aid to Bengal against Deccan, they're offered territorial concessions as a gift. The Bengali Sultan also offers his son in marriage to the Jaunpur Sultan's daughter [Mod Response].
 * Ruthenia: The Ruthenians continue to make infrastructure repairs and upgrades to their new territory. The Tartar architecture of the East continues to influence the Ruthenians.
 * Korea: Korea continues to build up its military. Meanwhile, more Taoist, Neo-Confucian and Buddhist temples are built. Taoism rises in popularity and gains more followers. Regular (read: not Imperial) Shinto gains a few more followers as well, mainly along the coastline in Southeastern Korea, particularly in Busan, Jejudo, Ulsan, and the coastal cities and coastal towns of Southern Gyeongsang Province. Mahayana Tao-Shintoism also continues to grow, and begins gaining followers from the areas where Shinto is growing, with some Shintoists switching to Mahayana Tao-Shintoism. The military in the colony of Haejagang (해자강) continues to be on high alert and continues to heavily patrol the Korean settlements.
 * Morocco: The Kingdom of Morocco continues to improve its economy, infrastructure and build up its military. Morocco continues to westernize the nation and population continues to grow. Today Moroccans celebrates their 15 years of exploration and colonization since start exploring 1835. The nation expands by 10,000 sq km to keep it stronger and be independent, with a few new cities built and roads built between old and new cities. More schools and houses are built and technology improves as well. Industry continues improved to be one of best works in Morocco, mostly new are built in largest populated areas of Morocco.
 * Reme: Reme begins to build up its military and economy. After a long, heated discussion of how Reme would be governed, the tribal representatives (as well as notable Byzantine-Borealians) decide to create a republic, with a basic constitution that would be given basic rights to citizens of Reme. After these discussions, a rich Byzantine-Borealian named Stephanos Shawnee, and becomes the first President of Reme. Shawnee starts to upgrade trade and military services. However seeing Reme, a new nation, vulnerable to foreign attack, starts to encourage militarization of the west, and opens up to military alliances with other nations. Meanwhile, trade is improved on, with industrialization, mainly former Byzantine areas slowly being introduced to populous areas. Lumber, cash crops, and other goods become a major export of Reme, and starts getting Reme a jump-start into the European economy. Shawnee also commands the creation of a couple new navy ships, to help modernize the outdated Remian navy. Reme continues its current expansion into the Michigan peninsula, expanding another 150 pixels into it. Meanwhile, the idea of building coal mines come into mind, especially in the OTL West Virginian area. Coal mining plants are started to be worked on. Reme also starts very slowly changing its focus to industrial things, with a nation wide railroad being considered to be built. Reme incorporates the French territory of Rouenelle as a province of Reme, with Cahokie being designated as a territory of Reme. With this, French is now declared an official language of Reme, with Greek and French made mandatory for children in Reman schools. Construction in the railroad continues, with the two native states being declared war upon to fix the track and to oust from that area. Jayson Chistakos, a politican, gains popularity, and gains influence throughout the Republic. He eventually wins the election called for by the population and becomes the first Emperor of Reme. Jayson's first action is to immediately start industrializing river areas, and to mass produce textiles to cheaper the price of Reman cotton products. Jayson also demands that the Mexica border be fortified, since the nation poses a threat to the safety of Reme. Jayson also demands that Reme starts militarializing these areas, as well as the border with Arcadia. Reme also sends a diplomat to Byzantium, who wishes for the nation to recognize the sovereignty of Reme and to drop claims to the nation.
 * BoraliaFlag.pngCommonwealth of Borealia: Both the military and economy improve. The continual industrial revolution has led to an increasing birth rate. Recent theories on economics and agriculture have led to the expansion of businesses at an exponential rate, including various forms of manufacturing, mining and printing. Machines using steam power are also popular, as the first factories appear. Some of these businesses are also internationally based, buying and selling to the neighboring colonies of France, Britain and Scandinavia, as well as the sovereign states of Reme, Arcadia, Aragon, Algonquia and Germany. The most productive of these businesses is the buffalo industry, monopolized by a few companies based in Kristallstadt (OTL Salt Lake City). The professional army and cavalry are continually trained, while the forts on both borders are expanded and new artillery is manufactured. Rifles are now standard equipment across the military. Caravels and frigates fitted with steam engines are constructed while coastal merchant trade expands across the Pacific, particularly in Hawaii. The University of New Vienna continues to produce new intellectuals and engineers. Railroads for steam engines begin to be built to span many cities across the plains. As military and diplomatic support is sent to Reme, the curia also offers to mass manufacture raw materials from them and sell bison products. The Romanesque movement continues to be popular among the younger generation, as small, independent communes appear around central California. A massive amount of gold is struck in California, followed by a second wave in Alaska three months later. By the end of the year, the economy of San Francisco begins to rival that of Kristallstadt, and the immigrant population of Alaska continues to climb. The Romanesque movement frowns upon this, however, and sees it as another means of taking advantage of the Borealian natives. We propose to Algonquia that a second railroad should be built to connect New Vienna to the Sachemate.
 * Tartary: The economy and military of Tartary are developed this year. Farming is the largest industry throughout the nation. The nation continues to develop cities. The population of Tartary continues to become larger. Tartary looks to establish an alliance with Scandinavia. We continue to expand 1000 px northeast. The Emperor position is re-established, and Alexis I becomes the Emperor.
 * Great Perm: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Azov: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bukhara: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bajkal: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Khiva: We build up our military and economy.
 * Kingdom of Parthia: We build up our military and economy.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire is now at a period of peace and prosperity after a long period of war and uncertainty. Roman trade routes stretch across most of the world in the pursuit of wealth and trade goods and Roman military might remains a powerful force in Europe and other parts of the world. The Roman central government does what it can to address all of the issues of the various archonates within the Empire and ensure that their needs are met even as they help instill strength in the central government. Railroads are constructed around the nation to help connect the Empire and its peoples and steamships are used for much the same purpose on water. One of the most important railroads constructed in the Empire is the Trans-Imperial Railway, stretching all the way from Patras in Achaea all the way to Alexandria in Egypt. The Railway is immense and not yet completed, but when it is will provide the people of the Empire a cheaper and safer means of travel to the various regions of the Empire as well as increase commerce and military deployment. Despite this success, the Empire continues to worry about some of its more restive or vulnerable archonates, and makes efforts to help solve that. A fort is constructed in Lutriwita, military garrisons are established in Syria, and a new harbor is constructed in Antillia. Because of the protests, a new political party is formed called the Fascist party, after mobs of protestors walk with fasces in hand. The party soon springs to dominance, obtaining a large portion of the Senate in elections.
 * Lutriwita: The colony was relatively unaffected by the war, and as such life more or less continued on normally, although contact with the Empire was much less often than before. As such, the colony developed a sense of nationalism and independence in very much the same way that the other archonates did during the war. Luckily, the government in Constantinople realizes this and offers them the same representation rights that the archonates are now given in the Imperial Senate. This does much to ease any of the potential political issues at the present time.
 * Italy: Italy begins to recover from the war, and the local military and economy continues to grow and stabilize in the aftermath. The economy is largely built up with help from the central government, as the entire economy is in shambles and the central government is doing its best to help the entire Empire grow and interconnect better through economics.
 * Syria: The former capital region proves to be a considerable issue for the Roman occupation forces, as the region is full of Muslims but also a significant quantity of Christians. Roman forces establish themselves in the city of Antioch, which houses the largest Christian community of Syria, and from there they use military and economic power to heal the land and expand Roman control over taxation, military patrols, and infrastructure rebuilding.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 100 sq km among both colonies into the Galapago Islands called Illes d'Neptune. The colonies continue growing as expected. The colony of Nouvelle Rouen continues to expand inland throughout the land corridor given by Cahokie by 9800 sq km. Mining continues in the colony of Nouvelle Orleans. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The king is outraged, for such freedom given to the Rhenish kingdom so much betrayal! In an act of sheer punishment he declares an all-out war against the rebels and the nobles he dispatches a coalition army of around 400,000 troops (from all around the empire) to quell the uprising. in the now called French Borealia, the displacement of small Spanish settlements begin, offering a free ride for them to return back into Castile, and exchange or sell their possessions in the colonies or swear allegiance to the King. Trinity colony expands by 700 sq km, a local uprising begins in Nouvelle Orleans city (OTL Cartagena de las Indias, Colombia) it soon spreads through the country to Coucut (OTL Cucuta) Sableville (in Falcon Venezuela) and St Joseph d'Bacatte (OTL Bogota) and Basse Nubou (shortened Nouvelle Bourdeaux, OTL Bucaramanga). Demanding the lowering of the taxes in the colony, and the granting of local self ruling, the King considers it, making a promise to do so within the next 30 years, thinking it to be far enough for the promise to be forgotten. The government agrees on giving the Californian state or region self rule recognizing its own right to determine its destiny, however, remaining a territory of the Borealian Domain. The colony of Emeraldia is given free state status with the official name of Etat-livre du Nouvelle Orleans.
 * Kingdom of Rhenanie: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Kingdom of Lower Burgundy: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Sardinia-Corsica: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The Sardinian language has lowered its usage to only 10% of the population of Sardinia (roughly 50,000 people) with the speaking African (43%) and French (38%) or Vandalian (9% African Rhenish German dialect) and with the vast majority being able to speak both African and French (that is more or less 85% of the nation's population). The population is stable at 500,000 people.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The African language has become the de facto leading language surpassing every other (outside of French) being spoken by the 2.3 million people living in the country as either native or second language. Vandalian, however, dominates area of Tripolitania's coast with a population of around 5000 speakers in the region. French is still the main language officially. Trading outposts begin to be made in the border of the country to trade with Tuareg and inland tribes. Sends supplies to the Rhenish War.
 * French Mali: Due to vast piracy campaigns which France and Spain have contributed to has resulted in many pirate coves in the Bissagos Islands, and as a result a larger influx of Frenchmen arrived this year, though they still don't even make up 1% yet. Ports continue to expand appropriately and the region becomes a place worth note on many maps. Roads continue being built to outlying villages and plantations continue being built.
 * Artois: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure and navy are built up. The nation prepares an army for the conflict in Britannia.
 * Free City of Danzig: The military, economy, infrastructure, and navy are built up, Danzig asks for an alliance with the current Prussian and Polish government.
 * Algonquia: Launches huge-scale modernization efforts, focusing on the military, economy and infrastructure. Focus on modernizing the navy and creating an effective ferry service to link the nation together results in the launch of new and more modern ships. Telegraph lines are expanded to Chemiwanit in the far West. All vassals also modernize, although more slowly. Algonquian merchants begin to look for trade opportunities in more far-flung markets, like Hesperia and the Imperial Sea. The High Sachem mollifies the population by assuring them the war will bring great benefits in the future. The military undergoes significant exercises this year, to further its preparation for another conflict. With railroad construction complete, trade and commerce begins to flow more swiftly through the country, increasing per capita wealth. The Council of Sachems becomes increasingly divided into several factions, the Centralist factions, based on the ideas of tribal economists, who argue for increased central control of the economy, a Traditionalist faction, which argues for a return to traditional tribal values, and the Modernization faction, which currently dominates. Algonquia agrees to construct a second railroad branch to Borealia, and begins work this year. The military, including the militias, is mobilized in December for further exercises.
 * Odawa: Odawa improves its military, and focuses on industrialization in emulation of Algonquia. Mackinac prospers, and is treated as the nation's "second city". Odawa joins the nationwide military exercises.
 * Menominee: The newly united states develop military and economy.
 * Hielijan: The economy continues to develop through trade and Beothuk immigrate.
 * In the Grand Union (Pskov), the GDP rises along with average wages. The Inter-Republic Road network is expanded. The Science and technology aspect of Pskov is not overlooked either. As prosperity in the nation increases, the amount of money and new people investing in institutions of higher learning. As such, the various schools that existed in Nizhegorodsk-Na-Narve unite and form the "University of Nizhegorodsk", beginning a rivalry between it and Pskov. The Pskovians want to encourage emigration from Russia, and are somewhat more successful with the Muscovite serfs, who can move around freely with their landlord's consent. This puts much issues with the leadership of Novgorod and Muscovy, who think Pskov is just looking for a fight. The ruble is becoming more and more used and is becoming the unofficial currency of Russia. The idea of currency reform, to reform it to a decimal system is put out, in order to simplify much trade (even though it is already simple enough with multiples of 20). Zlatobrezhie becomes wealthier and wealthier as more people get used to over 100 years of Pskovian governance. A gunsmith introduces the first revolver, and it quickly becomes popular with both the officer class. A new bullet is invented, conical inside, and with the advent of industry, rifles become the norm for the Guard regiments, and will soon enter service for the regular forces. With Elections occuring this year, the factions are busy campaigning in their constituancies. However none can withstand the unified front put up by the National-Conservative Party, who managed to be the only faction that was able to use last year's protests in any meaningful way. Further scandal erupts in politics as the First Senator's wife, Melissa Gottfried, is revealed to have been having an affair with a local journalist for quite some time (to whom she gave much-needed insider information). This does not look good for the Unionist faction, as the NCP capitalizes on this humiliation. The NCP, having only 71 seats before the election (eight Industrialist, Agrarian or Nationalist members "crossed the floor" last June), enter the new senatorial session with 293 representatives, enough to form a majority mandate. The Unionists suffer the biggest blow, being reduced to 45 seats from 173, with the Industrialists obtaining 61 seats, the Agrarians obtaining 36 seats, and Nationalists four seats, with 60 members sitting as independents. The Leader of the National-Conservative Party, Vladimir Ilych Rasputin, is appointed as the First Senator. Cedrik Gottfried loses his seat in the parliament, and the Unionists fall apart as a coherent faction. One of the first acts of parliament officially allowed parties to from and campaign together, a thing that was only possible through loopholes before. Aparently the NCP did not expect the opposition to unite. They did - oops I guess. After the signing of the bill into law, many former members of the Unionist Faction, after speaking with a few Industrialists and Independents, decide to from the United Liberal Party, taking their name from Economic Liberalism (hopefully this change in name will distract them from Cedrik Gottfried and his little debacle). At the End of the year, the membership of the Grand Senate is such: the Government formed by the National Conservative Party controls 293 seats. The Official Opposition is held by the United Liberal Party, who control 75 seats. The government is also opposed by the Industrialist Faction, who are loosely represented by 32 seats, the Agrarian Faction, loosely represented by 32 seats and the Nationalist faction, loosely represented by five seats. Sixty-three (63) members sit independently without allegiance.
 * In Aragon the nation continues to prosper as a center of the arts and learning. The construction of new buildings, roads and other infrastructure continues. Aragonese merchants and emissaries continue to sail around the world to expand the reach of Aragon in terms of wealth and diplomatic connections. Aragon also becomes a place where artists and intellectual minds meet and do things. It is cool. Due to the regrowth of the economy, new jobs created in the three major cities lead to more people moving to the cities. Stronger cements are produced, whatever that means, leading to the construction of some taller buildings, especially in the major cities such as Zaragoza and Valencia. A rail link between Zaragoza and Madrid is proposed. With the advent of steam power, factories begin to be built and stuff. Textile mills, cloth factories and other places begin to harness steam power to do more things faster, which creates more jobs that people move to cities to get. Industrialization is gaining speed. The construction of ships and weaponry continues.

1851

 * United German Kingdoms: King Karl heeds Emperor Conrads call for representatives, and sends a delegation comprised of representatives from the four European component Kingdoms of the UGK (Hamburg-Mecklenburg, Hanover, Westphalia, and Prussia), though they as a whole are to represent the realm. Several new screw warships enter service with the Navy, replacing the older paddle wheel designs. New Mecklenburg in OTL Australia expands by 750 px. In SE Asia, diplomats are sent to Laos, Vietnam, and Ayutthaya, offering them Protectorate status. The UGK government hopes that the century plus of building influence and relations in the area, and the larger than ever presence of Hamburgian trading companies, will persuade them to accept. (Mod response please)
 * Vietnam accepts, all others decline.
 * Sultanate of Bengal: Sultan Mahmud Shah I was proclaimed the Sultan of the Sultanate of Bengal on 1810, and he initiated his rule over the Sultanate soon after. The Bengali population rose about 70.1 million, mostly due to the large influx of Bengali immigrants coming from former Bengali crown vassals, for the economic opportunity was on the rise. The Empire officially began a reform of the economic system looking to bail the economy out of crisis from war debt, and the bullion was geared toward giving the empire a competitive edge in being able to invest millions on a whim in order to drive up investments and production. A new and strict tax system was established, based off the Sharia law, a decision lauded by the largely conservative populace. The monarchy also implemented a new currency system which was to be the well-regulated silver-based Bengali Tanki. Meanwhile, the Bengali military was divided into a Naval Force, Land Force and an Imperial Guard with each having their appointed head, answerable to the Sultan. The Bengali navy experimented its first ironclads and began further development of its new larger classes of steam engine ships, churning out first rate flagships for various fleets, and more third rates, and fourth rates with the occasional second rate to augment the smaller patrol fleets, the fifth and sixth rates began to become more standard as light and medium frigates for singular voyages and patrols among other things. For the land force, a standardized army of roughly 300,000 was raised with soldiers armed with modern rifles and with cannons to be used as an ideal seige equipment. The infantry was also equipped with daggers and swords, although the latter were usually ceremonial. The land forces acted to prevent any foreign incursion into Bengal whilst the Imperial Guard existed to thwart any attempt by revolutionaries to abolish the Sultanate. Given the lack of supply of armaments from Europe, many armament companies were established at local as well as national level which served national interests, as they actively engaged in production of firearms. In agriculture was the largest economic focus of Bengal, selling such goods as rice, wheat, maize, potatoes, indigo, opium, wheat, cannabis and other crops to European merchants as well as Indian. However, jute and muslin, in particular served as the most important exports of Bengal given the general need for such in Europe. The flocking of populations to Bengal coastal cities continued, with a mass increase of population in Visakhapatnam, Calcutta, Bhubaneswar, and various other minor cities and townships throughout the south. Of particular importance was the city of Calcutta which was established as the new capital of Bengal, replacing Pandua. Thus, with the constant inflow of manpower towards the coast, the Sultanate expanded upon its shipbuilding and fishery industry, and actively exploited the riches of the Bay of Bengal as it had been established as a virtual Bengali lake, with little to no opposition faced from Burma or Vijaynagar. Indeed, Bengal served as the principle centres of industry in the world. Along the same time, the Bengali Renaissance was in full swing with movements such as the Young Bengal movement established that espoused rationalism and atheism as the common denominators of civil conduct amongst the educated masses. The monarchy generally co-operated with the upholders of the renaissance, and brought forth social reforms in order to disband various backward practices such as belief in 'Priests' possessing powers which was termed shirk. Along the same time, education and scientific research was promoted amongst the masses, with schools and colleges constructed throughout the Sultanate. International-standard universities were also constructed at Kolkata, Pauda, Gaur and Visakhapatnam in order for Bengal to advance ahead of other Indian states and maintain a particular pace as the world entered into the stage of industrialization. However, it was the Bengali literature that reached its Golden Age with hundreds of poets and scholars sprouting throughout the Sultanate. The Sultanate itself promoted Urdu as well as Bengali, however it was generally the former which entered into its zenith since Urdu was largely used amongst the elites. The positive attitude of the populace towards industrialization aided in promoting it, with a railroad and telephone system established which connected the Sultanate and eased transportation and communication. Along the same time, Bengali influence steadily grew in Jaunpur with extensive co-operation and trade between the two states. Deccan is attacked again. [Mil/Eco Turn]
 * ​Bengal - Jaunpur Diplomacy: In light of Jaunpur's aid to Bengal against Deccan, they're offered territorial concessions as a gift. The Bengali Sultan also offers his son in marriage to the Jaunpur Sultan's daughter [Mod Response].
 * Ruthenia: The Ruthenians continue to make infrastructure repairs and upgrades to their new territory. The Tartar architecture of the East continues to influence the Ruthenians.
 * Hamburgian Dip: King Karl III of the United German Kingdoms offers an alliance in exchange for military technology (i.e. steamships).
 * Ruthenian Dip: The Ruthenians agree to the alliance.
 * Korea: Korea continues to build up its military. Meanwhile, more Taoist, Neo-Confucian and Buddhist temples are built. Taoism rises in popularity and gains more followers. Regular (read: not Imperial) Shinto gains a few more followers as well, mainly along the coastline in Southeastern Korea, particularly in Busan, Jejudo, Ulsan, and the coastal cities and coastal towns of Southern Gyeongsang Province. Mahayana Tao-Shintoism also continues to grow, and begins gaining followers from the areas where Shinto is growing, with some Shintoists switching to Mahayana Tao-Shintoism. The military in the colony of Haejagang (해자강) continues to be on high alert and continues to heavily patrol the Korean settlements.
 * Duchy of Oldenburg: Duke Conrad, in his capacity as Holy Roman Emperor, invites delegates to Osnabruck to establish a pan-Holy Roman Empire Parliament. It is hoped that the establishment of an Empire-wide parliament will appease the pan-Germanic nationalists. An Oldenburger Socialist Party is established by some radicals, and it has some small success in this year's Landtag elections. The Catholic Bloc, whilst unsupportive of some of the Socialists' policies (such as their opposition to religion), agrees with their policies on education, fair pay, and help for the poor, which are very similar to the CB's own policies. The two parties set up a working relationship on those issues, and hope to use their combined numbers to get some positive social change in Oldenburg.
 * Morocco: The Kingdom of Morocco continues to improve its economy, infrastructure and build up its military. Morocco continues to westernize the nation and population continues to grow. The nation expands by 10,000 sq km to keep it stronger and be independent, with a few new cities built and roads built between old and new cities. More schools and houses are built and technology improves as well. Industry continues improved to be one of best works in Morocco, mostly new are built in largest populated areas of Morocco.
 * Algonquia: Launches huge-scale modernization efforts, focusing on the military, economy and infrastructure. Focus on modernizing the navy and creating an effective ferry service to link the nation together results in the launch of new and more modern ships. Telegraph lines are expanded to Chemiwanit in the far West. All vassals also modernize, although more slowly. Algonquian merchants begin to look for trade opportunities in more far-flung markets, like Hesperia and the Imperial Sea. The High Sachem mollifies the population by assuring them the war will bring great benefits in the future. The military undergoes significant exercises this year, to further its preparation for another conflict. With railroad construction complete, trade and commerce begins to flow more swiftly through the country, increasing per capita wealth. The Council of Sachems becomes increasingly divided into several factions, the Centralist factions, based on the ideas of tribal economists, who argue for increased central control of the economy, a Traditionalist faction, which argues for a return to traditional tribal values, and the Modernization faction, which currently dominates. The forces mobilized for the military exercises are suddenly redirected to launch a surprise invasion of Arcadia. 50,000 Algonquian troops, supported by Odawan forces, cross the border, and war is declared on Arcadia. The native populations of Arcadia are encouraged to rise up and liberate themselves from the neocolonial oppression of a nation which is founded on the conquest of native lands. Algonquia calls on its ally Reme to join the war.
 * Odawa: Odawa improves its military, and focuses on industrialization in emulation of Algonquia. Mackinac prospers and is treated as the nation's "second city". War is declared on Arcadia,
 * Menominee: The newly united states develop military and economy.
 * Hielijan: The economy continues to develop through trade and Beothuk immigrate.
 * China: Economic and military development continues.
 * BoraliaFlag.pngCommonwealth of Borealia: Both the military and economy improve. The continual industrial revolution has led to an increasing birth rate. Recent theories on economics and agriculture have led to the expansion of businesses at an exponential rate, including various forms of manufacturing, mining and printing. Machines using steam power are also popular, as the first factories appear. Some of these businesses are also internationally based, buying and selling to the neighboring colonies of France, Britain, and Scandinavia, as well as the sovereign states of Reme, Arcadia, Aragon, Algonquia and Germany. The most productive of these businesses is the buffalo industry, monopolized by a few companies based in Kristallstadt (OTL Salt Lake City). The professional army and cavalry are continually trained, while the forts on both borders are expanded and new artillery is manufactured. Rifles are now standard equipment across the military. Caravels and frigates fitted with steam engines are constructed while coastal merchant trade expands across the Pacific, particularly in Hawaii. The University of New Vienna continues to produce new intellectuals and engineers. Railroads for steam engines begin to be built to span many cities across the plains. As military and diplomatic support is sent to Reme, the curia also offers to mass manufacture raw materials from them and sell bison products. The Romanesque movement continues to be popular among the younger generation, as small, independent communes appear around central California. A massive amount of gold is struck in California, followed by a second wave in Alaska three months later. By the end of the year, the economy of San Francisco begins to rival that of Kristallstadt, and the immigrant population of Alaska continues to climb. The Romanesque movement frowns upon this, however, and sees it as another means of taking advantage of the Borealian natives. Construction of the second international railroad continues. We request to purchase the colony of New Bavaria for 1.8 million Reichsthalers, utilizing the gold obtained from California. The commonwealth declares neutrality in the war with Arcadia.
 * Tartary: The economy and military of Tartary are developed this year. Farming is the largest industry throughout the nation. The nation continues to develop cities. The population of Tartary continues to become larger. Tartary looks to establish an alliance with Scandinavia. We continue to expand 1000 px northeast. The Emperor position is re-established, and Alexis I becomes the Emperor.
 * Great Perm: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Azov: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bukhara: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bajkal: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Khiva: We build up our military and economy.
 * Kingdom of Parthia: We build up our military and economy.
 * Reme: Reme begins to build up its military and economy. After a long, heated discussion of how Reme would be governed, the tribal representatives (as well as notable Byzantine-Borealians) decide to create a republic, with a basic constitution that would be given basic rights to citizens of Reme. After these discussions, a rich Byzantine-Borealian named Stephanos Shawnee, and becomes the first President of Reme. Shawnee starts to upgrade trade and military services. However seeing Reme, a new nation, vulnerable to foreign attack, starts to encourage militarization of the west, and opens up to military alliances with other nations. Meanwhile, trade is improved on, with industrialization, mainly former Byzantine areas slowly being introduced to populous areas. Lumber, cash crops, and other goods become a major export of Reme, and starts getting Reme a jump-start into the European economy. Shawnee also commands the creation of a couple new navy ships, to help modernize the outdated Remian navy. Reme continues its current expansion into the Michigan peninsula, expanding another 150 pixels into it. Meanwhile, the idea of building coal mines come into mind, especially in the OTL West Virginian area. Coal mining plants are started to be worked on. Reme also starts very slowly changing its focus to industrial things, with a nation wide railroad being considered to be built. Reme incorporates the French territory of Rouenelle as a province of Reme, with Cahokie being designated as a territory of Reme. With this, French is now declared an official language of Reme, with Greek and French made mandatory for children in Reman schools. Construction in the railroad continues, with the two native states being declared war upon to fix the track and to oust from that area. Jayson Chistakos, a politican, gains popularity, and gains influence throughout the Republic. He eventually wins the election called for by the population and becomes the first Emperor of Reme. Jayson's first action is to immediately start industrializing river areas, and to mass produce textiles to cheaper the price of Reman cotton products. Jayson also demands that the Mexica border be fortified, since the nation poses a threat to the safety of Reme. Jayson also demands that Reme starts militarializing these areas, as well as the border with Arcadia. Reme also sends a diplomat to Byzantium, who wishes for the nation to recognize the sovereignty of Reme and to drop claims to the nation. Reme, along with Algonquia, declares war on Arcadia and invades on another front.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire is now at a period of peace and prosperity after a long period of war and uncertainty. Roman trade routes stretch across most of the world in the pursuit of wealth and trade goods and Roman military might remains a powerful force in Europe and other parts of the world. The Roman central government does what it can to address all of the issues of the various archonates within the Empire and ensure that their needs are met even as they help instill strength in the central government. Railroads are constructed around the nation to help connect the Empire and its peoples and steamships are used for much the same purpose on water. One of the most important railroads constructed in the Empire is the Trans-Imperial Railway, stretching all the way from Patras in Achaea all the way to Alexandria in Egypt. The Railway is immense and not yet completed, but when it is will provide the people of the Empire a cheaper and safer means of travel to the various regions of the Empire as well as increase commerce and military deployment. Despite this success, the Empire continues to worry about some of its more restive or vulnerable archonates, and makes efforts to help solve that. A fort is constructed in Lutriwita, military garrisons are established in Syria, and a new harbor is constructed in Antillia. Because of the protests, a new political party is formed called the Fascist party, after mobs of protestors walk with fasces in hand. The party soon springs to dominance, obtaining a large portion of the Senate in elections.
 * Lutriwita: The colony was relatively unaffected by the war, and as such life more or less continued on normally, although contact with the Empire was much less often than before. As such, the colony developed a sense of nationalism and independence in very much the same way that the other archonates did during the war. Luckily, the government in Constantinople realizes this and offers them the same representation rights that the archonates are now given in the Imperial Senate. This does much to ease any of the potential political issues at the present time.
 * Italy: Italy begins to recover from the war, and the local military and economy continues to grow and stabilize in the aftermath. The economy is largely built up with help from the central government, as the entire economy is in shambles and the central government is doing its best to help the entire Empire grow and interconnect better through economics.
 * Syria: The former capital region proves to be a considerable issue for the Roman occupation forces, as the region is full of Muslims but also a significant quantity of Christians. Roman forces establish themselves in the city of Antioch, which houses the largest Christian community of Syria, and from there they use military and economic power to heal the land and expand Roman control over taxation, military patrols, and infrastructure rebuilding.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 100 sq km among both colonies into the Galapago Islands called Illes d'Neptune. The colonies continue growing as expected. The colony of Nouvelle Rouen continues to expand inland throughout the land corridor given by Cahokie by 9800 sq km. Mining continues in the colony of Nouvelle Orleans. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The king is outraged, for such freedom given to the Rhenish kingdom so much betrayal! In an act of sheer punishment he declares an all-out war against the rebels and the nobles he dispatches a coalition army of around 400,000 troops (from all around the empire) to quell the uprising. in the now called French Borealia, the displacement of small Spanish settlements begin, offering a free ride for them to return back into Castile, and exchange or sell their possessions in the colonies or swear allegiance to the King. Trinity colony expands by 700 sq km, a local uprising begins in Nouvelle Orleans city (OTL Cartagena de las Indias, Colombia) it soon spreads through the country to Coucut (OTL Cucuta) Sableville (in Falcon Venezuela) and St Joseph d'Bacatte (OTL Bogota) and Basse Nubou (shortened Nouvelle Bourdeaux, OTL Bucaramanga). Demanding the lowering of the taxes in the colony, and the granting of local self ruling, the King considers it, making a promise to do so within the next 30 years, thinking it to be far enough for the promise to be forgotten. The government agrees on giving the Californian state or region self rule recognizing its own right to determine its destiny, however, remaining a territory of the Borealian Domain. The colony of Emeraldia is given free state status with the official name of Etat-livre du Nouvelle Orleans.
 * Kingdom of Rhenanie: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Kingdom of Lower Burgundy: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Sardinia-Corsica: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The Sardinian language has lowered its usage to only 10% of the population of Sardinia (roughly 50,000 people) with the speaking African (43%) and French (38%) or Vandalian (9% African Rhenish German dialect) and with the vast majority being able to speak both African and French (that is more or less 85% of the nation's population). The population is stable at 500,000 people.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The African language has become the de facto leading language surpassing every other (outside of French) being spoken by the 2.3 million people living in the country as either native or second language. Vandalian, however, dominates area of Tripolitania's coast with a population of around 5000 speakers in the region. French is still the main language officially. Trading outposts begin to be made in the border of the country to trade with Tuareg and inland tribes. Sends supplies to the Rhenish War.
 * French Mali: Due to vast piracy campaigns which France and Spain have contributed to has resulted in many pirate coves in the Bissagos Islands, and as a result a larger influx of Frenchmen arrived this year, though they still don't even make up 1% yet. Ports continue to expand appropriately and the region becomes a place worth note on many maps. Roads continue being built to outlying villages and plantations continue being built.
 * Artois: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure and navy are built up. The nation prepares an army for the conflict in Britannia.
 * Free City of Danzig: The military, economy, infrastructure, and navy are built up, Danzig asks for an alliance with the current Prussian and Polish government.
 * In the Grand Union (Pskov), the GDP rises along with average wages. The Inter-Republic Road network is expanded. The Science and technology aspect of Pskov is not overlooked either. As prosperity in the nation increases, the amount of money and new people investing in institutions of higher learning. As such, the various schools that existed in Nizhegorodsk-Na-Narve unite and form the "University of Nizhegorodsk", beginning a rivalry between it and Pskov. The Pskovians want to encourage emigration from Russia, and are somewhat more successful with the Muscovite serfs, who can move around freely with their landlord's consent. This puts much issues with the leadership of Novgorod and Muscovy, who think Pskov is just looking for a fight. The ruble is becoming more and more used and is becoming the unofficial currency of Russia. The idea of currency reform, to reform it to a decimal system is put out, in order to simplify much trade (even though it is already simple enough with multiples of 20). Zlatobrezhie becomes wealthier and wealthier as more people get used to over 100 years of Pskovian governance. A gunsmith introduces the first revolver, and it quickly becomes popular with both the officer class. A new bullet is invented, conical inside, and with the advent of industry, rifles become the norm for the Guard regiments, and will soon enter service for the regular forces. With Elections occuring this year, the factions are busy campaigning in their constituancies. However none can withstand the unified front put up by the National-Conservative Party, who managed to be the only faction that was able to use last year's protests in any meaningful way. Further scandal erupts in politics as the First Senator's wife, Melissa Gottfried, is revealed to have been having an affair with a local journalist for quite some time (to whom she gave much-needed insider information). This does not look good for the Unionist faction, as the NCP capitalizes on this humiliation. The NCP, having only 71 seats before the election (eight Industrialist, Agrarian or Nationalist members "crossed the floor" last June), enter the new senatorial session with 293 representatives, enough to form a majority mandate. The Unionists suffer the biggest blow, being reduced to 45 seats from 173, with the Industrialists obtaining 61 seats, the Agrarians obtaining 36 seats, and Nationalists four seats, with 60 members sitting as independents. The Leader of the National-Conservative Party, Vladimir Ilych Rasputin, is appointed as the First Senator. Cedrik Gottfried loses his seat in the parliament, and the Unionists fall apart as a coherent faction. One of the first acts of parliament officially allowed parties to from and campaign together, a thing that was only possible through loopholes before. Aparently the NCP did not expect the opposition to unite. They did - oops I guess. After the signing of the bill into law, many former members of the Unionist Faction, after speaking with a few Industrialists and Independents, decide to from the United Liberal Party, taking their name from Economic Liberalism (hopefully this change in name will distract them from Cedrik Gottfried and his little debacle). At the End of the year, the membership of the Grand Senate is such: the Government formed by the National Conservative Party controls 293 seats. The Official Opposition is held by the United Liberal Party, who control 75 seats. The government is also opposed by the Industrialist Faction, who are loosely represented by 32 seats, the Agrarian Faction, loosely represented by 32 seats and the Nationalist faction, loosely represented by five seats. Sixty-three (63) members sit independently without allegiance.

1852

 * United German Kingdoms: The government moves to secure the new protectorate of Vietnam after their acceptance of protectorate. Meanwhile, a series of new railroad projects is approved, and modern, faster locomotives enter service in the already existing lines. Several private railroad companies, including Wesphalia-Demmin and Kiel & Northern, also open, the first competition to the government owned United Lines. New Mecklenburg in OTL Australia expands by 750 px


 * Sultanate of Bengal: Sultan Mahmud Shah I was proclaimed the Sultan of the Sultanate of Bengal on 1810, and he initiated his rule over the Sultanate soon after. The Bengali population rose about 73.4 million, mostly due to the large influx of Bengali immigrants coming from former Bengali crown vassals, for the economic opportunity was on the rise. The Empire officially began a reform of the economic system looking to bail the economy out of crisis from war debt, and the bullion was geared toward giving the empire a competitive edge in being able to invest millions on a whim in order to drive up investments and production. A new and strict tax system was established, based off the Sharia law, a decision lauded by the largely conservative populace. The monarchy also implemented a new currency system which was to be the well-regulated silver-based Bengali Tanki. Meanwhile, the Bengali military was divided into a Naval Force, Land Force and an Imperial Guard with each having their appointed head, answerable to the Sultan. The Bengali navy experimented its first ironclads and began further development of its new larger classes of steam engine ships, churning out first rate flagships for various fleets, and more third rates, and fourth rates with the occasional second rate to augment the smaller patrol fleets, the fifth and sixth rates began to become more standard as light and medium frigates for singular voyages and patrols among other things. For the land force, a standardized army of roughly 300,000 was raised with soldiers armed with modern rifles and with cannons to be used as an ideal seige equipment. The infantry was also equipped with daggers and swords, although the latter were usually ceremonial. The land forces acted to prevent any foreign incursion into Bengal whilst the Imperial Guard existed to thwart any attempt by revolutionaries to abolish the Sultanate. Given the lack of supply of armaments from Europe, many armament companies were established at local as well as national level which served national interests, as they actively engaged in production of firearms. In agriculture was the largest economic focus of Bengal, selling such goods as rice, wheat, maize, potatoes, indigo, opium, wheat, cannabis and other crops to European merchants as well as Indian. However, jute and muslin, in particular served as the most important exports of Bengal given the general need for such in Europe. The flocking of populations to Bengal coastal cities continued, with a mass increase of population in Visakhapatnam, Calcutta, Bhubaneswar, and various other minor cities and townships throughout the south. Of particular importance was the city of Calcutta which was established as the new capital of Bengal, replacing Pandua. Thus, with the constant inflow of manpower towards the coast, the Sultanate expanded upon its shipbuilding and fishery industry, and actively exploited the riches of the Bay of Bengal as it had been established as a virtual Bengali lake, with little to no opposition faced from Burma or Vijaynagar. Indeed, Bengal served as the principle centres of industry in the world. Along the same time, the Bengali Renaissance was in full swing with movements such as the Young Bengal movement established that espoused rationalism and atheism as the common denominators of civil conduct amongst the educated masses. The monarchy generally co-operated with the upholders of the renaissance, and brought forth social reforms in order to disband various backward practices such as belief in 'Priests' possessing powers which was termed shirk. Along the same time, education and scientific research was promoted amongst the masses, with schools and colleges constructed throughout the Sultanate. International-standard universities were also constructed at Kolkata, Pauda, Gaur and Visakhapatnam in order for Bengal to advance ahead of other Indian states and maintain a particular pace as the world entered into the stage of industrialization. However, it was the Bengali literature that reached its Golden Age with hundreds of poets and scholars sprouting throughout the Sultanate. The Sultanate itself promoted Urdu as well as Bengali, however it was generally the former which entered into its zenith since Urdu was largely used amongst the elites. The positive attitude of the populace towards industrialization aided in promoting it, with a railroad and telephone system established which connected the Sultanate and eased transportation and communication. Along the same time, Bengali influence steadily grew in Jaunpur with extensive co-operation and trade between the two states. [Mil/Eco Turn]
 * Wilayet of Bahamani: Prince Imran Ashraf Shah married the daughter of Ibrahim Adil Shah, establishing a dynastic union between Bahamani and Bengal. Under their rule, construction for a new capital at Hyderabad was initiated. The Bengali Tanki was also imposed upon Bahamani as the new currency, and the trans-railroad system established in Bengal was extended into Bahamani. The Bahamani military was modernized, standing at roughly 80,000 and a major port and naval base was constructed at Mahmudpur, the latter which would act to maintain Bengali presence in the Arabian Sea. In the economic sector, rice played the role as a major food crop to be exported. However, other important crops such as cotton, sugar cane, mango and tobacco maintained a major presence in Bahamanis exports as well. Along the same time, the Bahamani textile industry reached new heights.
 * ​Bengal - Jaunpur Diplomacy: In light of Jaunpur's aid to Bengal against Deccan, they're offered territorial concessions as a gift. The Bengali Sultan also offers his son in marriage to the Jaunpur Sultan's daughter [Mod Response].
 * Korea: Korea continues to build up its military. Meanwhile, more Taoist, Neo-Confucian and Buddhist temples are built. Taoism rises in popularity and gains more followers. Regular (read: not Imperial) Shinto gains a few more followers as well, mainly along the coastline in Southeastern Korea, particularly in Busan, Jejudo, Ulsan, and the coastal cities and coastal towns of Southern Gyeongsang Province. Mahayana Tao-Shintoism also continues to grow, and begins gaining followers from the areas where Shinto is growing, with some Shintoists switching to Mahayana Tao-Shintoism. The military in the colony of Haejagang (해자강) continues to be on high alert and continues to heavily patrol the Korean settlements.
 * The Caliphate drastically develops military and the economy of the nation. We begin to construct the nation to its previous extent and glory. In addition to this endeavour, we start to garrison more men on our eastern borders, in addition to our border with the Roman Empire. Also, we try to influence the Persian Gulf trade to our control, in opposition to the Persia. We improve Mecca every year, donating a significant part of our treasury to the Holy City. As our steady population increases, so does our economy. A significant number of ships are built for our fleet. As we also begin to modernize our army, we improve the many cities of the Caliphate, specifically in Yemen and Iraq. We continue the war against Persia.
 * BoraliaFlag.pngCommonwealth of Borealia: Both the military and economy improve. The continual industrial revolution has led to an increasing birth rate. Recent theories on economics and agriculture have led to the expansion of businesses at an exponential rate, including various forms of manufacturing, mining and printing. Machines using steam power are also popular, as the first factories appear. Some of these businesses are also internationally based, buying and selling to the neighboring colonies of France, Britain, and Scandinavia, as well as the sovereign states of Reme, Arcadia, Aragon, Algonquia and Germany. The most productive of these businesses is the buffalo industry, monopolized by a few companies based in Kristallstadt (OTL Salt Lake City). The professional army and cavalry are continually trained, while the forts on both borders are expanded and new artillery is manufactured. Rifles are now standard equipment across the military. Caravels and frigates fitted with steam engines are constructed while coastal merchant trade expands across the Pacific, particularly in Hawaii. The University of New Vienna continues to produce new intellectuals and engineers. Railroads for steam engines begin to be built to span many cities across the plains. As military and diplomatic support is sent to Reme, the curia also offers to mass manufacture raw materials from them and sell bison products. The Romanesque movement continues to be popular among the younger generation, as small, independent communes appear around central California. A massive amount of gold is struck in California, followed by a second wave in Alaska three months later. By the end of the year, the economy of San Francisco begins to rival that of Kristallstadt, and the immigrant population of Alaska continues to climb. The Romanesque movement frowns upon this, however, and sees it as another means of taking advantage of the Borealian natives. Construction of the second international railroad continues. We request to purchase the colony of New Bavaria for 1.8 million Reichsthalers, utilizing the gold obtained from California. The commonwealth declares neutrality in the war with Arcadia.


 * Andea: The Nationals take power in the Congress of Buenos Noches this year. Population stands at 25 million. Kurillianka takes the throne in both Andea and Voryloyclayr. Buenos Noches continues to grow, with a population of 65,000. Cuzco remains the largest city, with a population of 190,000. Military stands at 200,000 active men, and another 200,000 in reserve. The nation builds up its navy, expanding the amount of Warships and Ships of the Line as well as creating new Ship Yards. The nation continues to expand its industry and steam power. Cuzco remains the most industrial city in the nation, with most of the conetnients industrial goods coming from there. Buenos Noches sees the expansion of its industry as well. The new Federales Government passes the Limitation Doctrine, which gives them the power to declare war should a potential threat be perceived by the Andean Government or her sphere of influence. We also continue our support for the Osean Dictatorship. The Nationals continue to pursue the idea of a united Andea, continuing to expand their theories throughout the continent. The Novel  A World of Difference,  is published by a National Author. The Novel depicts a world in which Andea is divided, leading to another era of colonialism in Hesperia. Plans to construct a railroad from Cuzco to Buenos Dias begins, though the effort would involve massive clearing of the forest and jungle. The project is expected to take 50 years. Other railroads and highways are constructed in all nations, though.
 * Andean Overseas Territories: The Falkland Islands, under direct control of the Andean Military, prove to be a strategic location in protecting Vorlayacor's coast line. A military force of 15,000 is stationed on the islands.
 * Kingdom of Apeac: Military, economy and navy improve. Population stands at 200,000, as Andean settlers come in, seeking more land then they can get in their homeland. 4000 militiamen remain activated in the territory. 20,000 Andean military men remain active in the territory. Andean Settlers meet resistance from Mataco raiders, who attack settlements on the frontier.
 * Vorlayacor: Military, economy and navy improve. The nation sees a massive expansion of its infrastructure, with the Royal family owning much of the nation's infrastructure. Population stands at seven million. Military stands at 25,000 active men, with another 20,000 in reserve. Andean Military bases have 35,000 men stationed.The Nation joins the Second Hesperian League.
 * Osean Dictatorship: Known offically as the Federation of Osea, the Dictatorship is run by charsimatic politician, Phillip Cortez. Cortez dedicates the nation towards reuniting Osea. Every town secured by Coalition forces is annexed into the nation. Possible revolutionaries are tried, many executed. In a speech, Cortez justifies this by asking the Oseans under his wing "They seek to butcher our nation, to fracture and distort our culture. We have already endured so much, it is time to stop being the cattle, and become the Butcher ourselves." . The nation joins the Second Hesperian League. Despite the President's speech, the battle lines begin to stall. The Nation continues to claim all of Osea.
 * Ruthenia: The Ruthenians continue to make infrastructure repairs and upgrades to their new territory. The Tartar architecture of the East continues to influence the Ruthenians.
 * Morocco: The Kingdom of Morocco continues to improve its economy, infrastructure and build up its military. Morocco continues to westernize the nation and population continues to grow. The nation expands by 10,000 sq km to keep it stronger and be independent, with a few new cities built and roads built between old and new cities. More schools and houses are built and technology improves as well. Industry continues improved to be one of best works in Morocco, mostly new are built in largest populated areas of Morocco.
 * Tartary: The economy and military of Tartary are developed this year. Farming is the largest industry throughout the nation. The nation continues to develop cities. The population of Tartary continues to become larger. Tartary looks to establish an alliance with Scandinavia. We continue to expand 1000 px northeast. The Emperor position is re-established, and Alexis I becomes the Emperor.
 * Great Perm: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Azov: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bukhara: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bajkal: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Khiva: We build up our military and economy.
 * Kingdom of Parthia: We build up our military and economy.
 * Reme: Reme begins to build up its military and economy. After a long, heated discussion of how Reme would be governed, the tribal representatives (as well as notable Byzantine-Borealians) decide to create a republic, with a basic constitution that would be given basic rights to citizens of Reme. After these discussions, a rich Byzantine-Borealian named Stephanos Shawnee, and becomes the first President of Reme. Shawnee starts to upgrade trade and military services. However seeing Reme, a new nation, vulnerable to foreign attack, starts to encourage militarization of the west, and opens up to military alliances with other nations. Meanwhile, trade is improved on, with industrialization, mainly former Byzantine areas slowly being introduced to populous areas. Lumber, cash crops, and other goods become a major export of Reme, and starts getting Reme a jump-start into the European economy. Shawnee also commands the creation of a couple new navy ships, to help modernize the outdated Remian navy. Reme continues its current expansion into the Michigan peninsula, expanding another 150 pixels into it. Meanwhile, the idea of building coal mines come into mind, especially in the OTL West Virginian area. Coal mining plants are started to be worked on. Reme also starts very slowly changing its focus to industrial things, with a nation wide railroad being considered to be built. Reme incorporates the French territory of Rouenelle as a province of Reme, with Cahokie being designated as a territory of Reme. With this, French is now declared an official language of Reme, with Greek and French made mandatory for children in Reman schools. Construction in the railroad continues, with the two native states being declared war upon to fix the track and to oust from that area. Jayson Chistakos, a politican, gains popularity, and gains influence throughout the Republic. He eventually wins the election called for by the population and becomes the first Emperor of Reme. Jayson's first action is to immediately start industrializing river areas, and to mass produce textiles to cheaper the price of Reman cotton products. Jayson also demands that the Mexica border be fortified, since the nation poses a threat to the safety of Reme. Jayson also demands that Reme starts militarializing these areas, as well as the border with Arcadia. Reme also sends a diplomat to Byzantium, who wishes for the nation to recognize the sovereignty of Reme and to drop claims to the nation. Reme, along with Algonquia, declares war on Arcadia and invades on another front.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire is now at a period of peace and prosperity after a long period of war and uncertainty. Roman trade routes stretch across most of the world in the pursuit of wealth and trade goods and Roman military might remains a powerful force in Europe and other parts of the world. The Roman central government does what it can to address all of the issues of the various archonates within the Empire and ensure that their needs are met even as they help instill strength in the central government. Railroads are constructed around the nation to help connect the Empire and its peoples and steamships are used for much the same purpose on water. One of the most important railroads constructed in the Empire is the Trans-Imperial Railway, stretching all the way from Patras in Achaea all the way to Alexandria in Egypt. The Railway is immense and not yet completed, but when it is will provide the people of the Empire a cheaper and safer means of travel to the various regions of the Empire as well as increase commerce and military deployment. Despite this success, the Empire continues to worry about some of its more restive or vulnerable archonates, and makes efforts to help solve that. A fort is constructed in Lutriwita, military garrisons are established in Syria, and a new harbor is constructed in Antillia. Because of the protests, a new political party is formed called the Fascist party, after mobs of protestors walk with fasces in hand. The party soon springs to dominance, obtaining a large portion of the Senate in elections.
 * Lutriwita: The colony was relatively unaffected by the war, and as such life more or less continued on normally, although contact with the Empire was much less often than before. As such, the colony developed a sense of nationalism and independence in very much the same way that the other archonates did during the war. Luckily, the government in Constantinople realizes this and offers them the same representation rights that the archonates are now given in the Imperial Senate. This does much to ease any of the potential political issues at the present time.
 * Italy: Italy begins to recover from the war, and the local military and economy continues to grow and stabilize in the aftermath. The economy is largely built up with help from the central government, as the entire economy is in shambles and the central government is doing its best to help the entire Empire grow and interconnect better through economics.
 * Syria: The former capital region proves to be a considerable issue for the Roman occupation forces, as the region is full of Muslims but also a significant quantity of Christians. Roman forces establish themselves in the city of Antioch, which houses the largest Christian community of Syria, and from there they use military and economic power to heal the land and expand Roman control over taxation, military patrols, and infrastructure rebuilding.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 100 sq km among both colonies into the Galapago Islands called Illes d'Neptune. The colonies continue growing as expected. The colony of Nouvelle Rouen continues to expand inland throughout the land corridor given by Cahokie by 9800 sq km. Mining continues in the colony of Nouvelle Orleans. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The king is outraged, for such freedom given to the Rhenish kingdom so much betrayal! In an act of sheer punishment he declares an all-out war against the rebels and the nobles he dispatches a coalition army of around 400,000 troops (from all around the empire) to quell the uprising. in the now called French Borealia, the displacement of small Spanish settlements begin, offering a free ride for them to return back into Castile, and exchange or sell their possessions in the colonies or swear allegiance to the King. Trinity colony expands by 700 sq km, a local uprising begins in Nouvelle Orleans city (OTL Cartagena de las Indias, Colombia) it soon spreads through the country to Coucut (OTL Cucuta) Sableville (in Falcon Venezuela) and St Joseph d'Bacatte (OTL Bogota) and Basse Nubou (shortened Nouvelle Bourdeaux, OTL Bucaramanga). Demanding the lowering of the taxes in the colony, and the granting of local self ruling, the King considers it, making a promise to do so within the next 30 years, thinking it to be far enough for the promise to be forgotten. The government agrees on giving the Californian state or region self rule recognizing its own right to determine its destiny, however, remaining a territory of the Borealian Domain. The colony of Emeraldia is given free state status with the official name of Etat-livre du Nouvelle Orleans.
 * Kingdom of Rhenanie: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Kingdom of Lower Burgundy: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Sardinia-Corsica: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The Sardinian language has lowered its usage to only 10% of the population of Sardinia (roughly 50,000 people) with the speaking African (43%) and French (38%) or Vandalian (9% African Rhenish German dialect) and with the vast majority being able to speak both African and French (that is more or less 85% of the nation's population). The population is stable at 500,000 people.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The African language has become the de facto leading language surpassing every other (outside of French) being spoken by the 2.3 million people living in the country as either native or second language. Vandalian, however, dominates area of Tripolitania's coast with a population of around 5000 speakers in the region. French is still the main language officially. Trading outposts begin to be made in the border of the country to trade with Tuareg and inland tribes. Sends supplies to the Rhenish War.
 * French Mali: Due to vast piracy campaigns which France and Spain have contributed to has resulted in many pirate coves in the Bissagos Islands, and as a result a larger influx of Frenchmen arrived this year, though they still don't even make up 1% yet. Ports continue to expand appropriately and the region becomes a place worth note on many maps. Roads continue being built to outlying villages and plantations continue being built.
 * Artois: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure and navy are built up. The nation prepares an army for the conflict in Britannia.
 * Free City of Danzig: The military, economy, infrastructure, and navy are built up, Danzig asks for an alliance with the current Prussian and Polish government.
 * Nordic Union: The economy and military of Scandinavia and Britannia improves this year. Import/export businesses in Denmark, Sweden and Norway bring in a considerable amount of income. Urbanization in London leads to rapid industrialization of southern Britannia. This also happens in Copenhagen and Oslo. While Oslo celebrates the explosion of population, Copenhagen starts seeing overcrowding issues. Incentives to resettle in Finnish and Icelandic areas are enacted. Scandinavia and Britannia's chief exports include iron, wood, and other construction materiel, a commodity that is vastly growing in necessity as urbanization increases throughout Europe. Militaries in Europe purchase Nordic iron for ships and weapons. The Scandinavian colonies are a source of even more lumber. The British colonies, in the meantime, provide bountiful food for the Nordic Union. Resources such as pelts bring in massive amounts of profit for Scandinavia, both due to intranational trading and international trading. Scandinavia exports resources such as textiles, dyes and foodstuffs from its trading partners. Interest in coffee plants rises among nobles as the drink becomes more popular among the population of Scandinvia, especially in the upper class and in the aristocracy. Though the bean is expensive to Scandinavia, coffee sales spike. Indonesian powers are offered exclusive trade deals for coffee in exchange for discounted, high-quality wood and iron. Scandinavia retains its alliances with Pskov, the Roman Empire, and many other nations. These alliances are celebrated in the Scandinavian and British courts. The ports in Iceland and London are expanded to accommodate more ships. Education in Scandinavia continues to improve. The literacy rate is steadily increasing as public schools are built throughout the nation. The population of Scandinavia continues to explode as well. Urbanization, more food supplies, better census data, and other factors are all leading to a spike in population. Scandinavia's population is expected to reach twenty million by 1830. While this increase in population does come with benefits, it has its drawbacks as well. In political news, the House of Scandinavia-Britannia continues to remain in charge of Scandinavia. The Riksdag is dominated by this royal house. Scandinavia wishes to become closer to the Dutch. Centuries ago, the Northern Trading Pact had solidified British, Scandinavian and Dutch relations alike. In the meantime, Scandinavia continues vassalizing |onte (or whatever big bubble is right above it). Socialist and Republican sentiment grows in Scandinavia, especially in Finland.
 * Durbin: The colony of Durbin expands along the western coast of Australia from the former settlement that crashed there so long ago. With contact and resources flowing in from Scandinavia-Britannia, a minor boom is witnessed (colony expands 1000 sq km south along western coast).
 * Eire: The Irish continue to expand their navy and army, even more so due to the strains in Europe.
 * Ghana: More troops are raised from locals. Military and infrastructure are expanded. Most locals now see themselves as loyal British citizens and now fully vote and represent the colonies, Ghana becomes the first Brittannic colony to invoke near self rule, with little regulation from the homeland due to the mutual respect from the others. Any separatist movements are largely ignored.
 * Helluland: The military and economy are improved. Helluland expands by 10,000 sq km this year. Helluland is responsible for the production of furs in the Scandinavian Empire, generating much profit for the colony.
 * Hondeklip: The military of this African colony expands. In the meantime, Hondeklip expands by 1000 sq km.
 * Iceland: The military and economy are improved. Iceland is an important port for northern Europeans. Due to the large amounts of trade flowing into Icelandic ports, the population of Iceland increases. Iceland begins to expand its outpost on Greenland by 20,000 sq km this year. The iron mines in Iceland lead to several entrepreneurs flocking to Iceland in the interest of expanding their personal fortunes.
 * Karelia: The military and economy expand. Karelia has been in the Scandinavian realm for centuries now. It is the location of many important fortresses, namely Castle Vyborg. Karelia is a massive source of iron for Scandinavia. Trade with Russia and Pskov flows through Karelia during the summer months.
 * New Zealand: The military and economy expand.
 * Port Edmundburg: Expands by 1000 sq km south and east down the coast. The African colonists begin looking toward mining and other ventures to generate profit. A new newspaper, the first in a colony, is founded, called the Edmundburg Report. The slave trade begins to boom as exploitation of local minerals reaches a high amount. Slaves are sent to the New World to help boost production.
 * Schleswig: The military and economy are expanded. Schleswig has been a vassal of the Scandinavian Empire for quite some time. All land routes into Scandinavia go through this vassal, meaning Schleswig is one of Scandinavia's wealthiest vassals.
 * Scotland: Expands navy and military. The Edinburgh Stock Exchange continues to do well. The Emperor visits Glasgow for the wedding of noblewoman Cassandra De' Levae, wife of the Duke of Westminster in a surprise visit keen on proving that he is open to reconciliation with the House of Hamburg.
 * In Aragon the nation continues to prosper as a center of the arts and learning. The construction of new buildings, roads and other infrastructure continues. Aragonese merchants and emissaries continue to sail around the world to expand the reach of Aragon in terms of wealth and diplomatic connections. Aragon also becomes a place where artists and intellectual minds meet and do things. It is cool. Due to the regrowth of the economy, new jobs created in the three major cities lead to more people moving to the cities. Stronger cements are produced, whatever that means, leading to the construction of some taller buildings, especially in the major cities such as Zaragoza and Valencia. A rail link between Zaragoza and Madrid is proposed. With the advent of steam power, factories begin to be built and stuff. Textile mills, cloth factories and other places begin to harness steam power to do more things faster, which creates more jobs that people move to cities to get. Industrialization is gaining speed. The construction of ships and weaponry continues.
 * In the Grand Union (Pskov), the GDP rises along with average wages. The Inter-Republic Road network is expanded. The Science and technology aspect of Pskov is not overlooked either. As prosperity in the nation increases, the amount of money and new people investing in institutions of higher learning. As such, the various schools that existed in Nizhegorodsk-Na-Narve unite and form the "University of Nizhegorodsk", beginning a rivalry between it and Pskov. The Pskovians want to encourage emigration from Russia, and are somewhat more successful with the Muscovite serfs, who can move around freely with their landlord's consent. This puts much issues with the leadership of Novgorod and Muscovy, who think Pskov is just looking for a fight. The ruble is becoming more and more used and is becoming the unofficial currency of Russia. The idea of currency reform, to reform it to a decimal system is put out, in order to simplify much trade (even though it is already simple enough with multiples of 20). Zlatobrezhie becomes wealthier and wealthier as more people get used to over 100 years of Pskovian governance. A gunsmith introduces the first revolver, and it quickly becomes popular with both the officer class. A new bullet is invented, conical inside, and with the advent of industry, rifles become the norm for the Guard regiments, and will soon enter service for the regular forces. With Elections occuring this year, the factions are busy campaigning in their constituancies. However none can withstand the unified front put up by the National-Conservative Party, who managed to be the only faction that was able to use last year's protests in any meaningful way. Further scandal erupts in politics as the First Senator's wife, Melissa Gottfried, is revealed to have been having an affair with a local journalist for quite some time (to whom she gave much-needed insider information). This does not look good for the Unionist faction, as the NCP capitalizes on this humiliation. The NCP, having only 71 seats before the election (eight Industrialist, Agrarian or Nationalist members "crossed the floor" last June), enter the new senatorial session with 293 representatives, enough to form a majority mandate. The Unionists suffer the biggest blow, being reduced to 45 seats from 173, with the Industrialists obtaining 61 seats, the Agrarians obtaining 36 seats, and Nationalists four seats, with 60 members sitting as independents. The Leader of the National-Conservative Party, Vladimir Ilych Rasputin, is appointed as the First Senator. Cedrik Gottfried loses his seat in the parliament, and the Unionists fall apart as a coherent faction. One of the first acts of parliament officially allowed parties to from and campaign together, a thing that was only possible through loopholes before. Aparently the NCP did not expect the opposition to unite. They did - oops I guess. After the signing of the bill into law, many former members of the Unionist Faction, after speaking with a few Industrialists and Independents, decide to from the United Liberal Party, taking their name from Economic Liberalism (hopefully this change in name will distract them from Cedrik Gottfried and his little debacle). At the End of the year, the membership of the Grand Senate is such: the Government formed by the National Conservative Party controls 293 seats. The Official Opposition is held by the United Liberal Party, who control 75 seats. The government is also opposed by the Industrialist Faction, who are loosely represented by 32 seats, the Agrarian Faction, loosely represented by 32 seats and the Nationalist faction, loosely represented by five seats. Sixty-three (63) members sit independently without allegiance.

1853
'''Nobody had started it new turn so yeah ~ Rimp. '''
 * Reme: Reme begins to build up its military and economy. After a long, heated discussion of how Reme would be governed, the tribal representatives (as well as notable Byzantine-Borealians) decide to create a republic, with a basic constitution that would be given basic rights to citizens of Reme. After these discussions, a rich Byzantine-Borealian named Stephanos Shawnee, and becomes the first President of Reme. Shawnee starts to upgrade trade and military services. However seeing Reme, a new nation, vulnerable to foreign attack, starts to encourage militarization of the west, and opens up to military alliances with other nations. Meanwhile, trade is improved on, with industrialization, mainly former Byzantine areas slowly being introduced to populous areas. Lumber, cash crops, and other goods become a major export of Reme, and starts getting Reme a jump-start into the European economy. Shawnee also commands the creation of a couple new navy ships, to help modernize the outdated Remian navy. Reme continues its current expansion into the Michigan peninsula, expanding another 150 pixels into it. Meanwhile, the idea of building coal mines come into mind, especially in the OTL West Virginian area. Coal mining plants are started to be worked on. Reme also starts very slowly changing its focus to industrial things, with a nation wide railroad being considered to be built. Reme incorporates the French territory of Rouenelle as a province of Reme, with Cahokie being designated as a territory of Reme. With this, French is now declared an official language of Reme, with Greek and French made mandatory for children in Reman schools. Construction in the railroad continues, with the two native states being declared war upon to fix the track and to oust from that area. Jayson Chistakos, a politican, gains popularity, and gains influence throughout the Republic. He eventually wins the election called for by the population and becomes the first Emperor of Reme. Jayson's first action is to immediately start industrializing river areas, and to mass produce textiles to cheaper the price of Reman cotton products. Jayson also demands that the Mexica border be fortified, since the nation poses a threat to the safety of Reme. Jayson also demands that Reme starts militarializing these areas, as well as the border with Arcadia. Reme also sends a diplomat to Byzantium, who wishes for the nation to recognize the sovereignty of Reme and to drop claims to the nation. Reme, along with Algonquia, declares war on Arcadia and invades on another front.
 * The Caliphate drastically develops military and the economy of the nation. We begin to construct the nation to its previous extent and glory. In addition to this endeavour, we start to garrison more men on our eastern borders, in addition to our border with the Roman Empire. Also, we try to influence the Persian Gulf trade to our control, in opposition to the Persia. We improve Mecca every year, donating a significant part of our treasury to the Holy City. As our steady population increases, so does our economy. A significant number of ships are built for our fleet. As we also begin to modernize our army, we improve the many cities of the Caliphate, specifically in Yemen and Iraq. We continue the war against Persia.
 * Sultanate of Bengal: Sultan Mahmud Shah I was proclaimed the Sultan of the Sultanate of Bengal on 1810, and he initiated his rule over the Sultanate soon after. The Bengali population rose about 79.4 million, mostly due to the large influx of Bengali immigrants coming from former Bengali crown vassals, for the economic opportunity was on the rise. The Empire officially began a reform of the economic system looking to bail the economy out of crisis from war debt, and the bullion was geared toward giving the empire a competitive edge in being able to invest millions on a whim in order to drive up investments and production. A new and strict tax system was established, based off the Sharia law, a decision lauded by the largely conservative populace. The monarchy also implemented a new currency system which was to be the well-regulated silver-based Bengali Tanki. Meanwhile, the Bengali military was divided into a Naval Force, Land Force and an Imperial Guard with each having their appointed head, answerable to the Sultan. The Bengali navy experimented its first ironclads and began further development of its new larger classes of steam engine ships, churning out first rate flagships for various fleets, and more third rates, and fourth rates with the occasional second rate to augment the smaller patrol fleets, the fifth and sixth rates began to become more standard as light and medium frigates for singular voyages and patrols among other things. For the land force, a standardized army of roughly 300,000 was raised with soldiers armed with modern rifles and with cannons to be used as an ideal seige equipment. The infantry was also equipped with daggers and swords, although the latter were usually ceremonial. The land forces acted to prevent any foreign incursion into Bengal whilst the Imperial Guard existed to thwart any attempt by revolutionaries to abolish the Sultanate. Given the lack of supply of armaments from Europe, many armament companies were established at local as well as national level which served national interests, as they actively engaged in production of firearms. In agriculture was the largest economic focus of Bengal, selling such goods as rice, wheat, maize, potatoes, indigo, opium, wheat, cannabis and other crops to European merchants as well as Indian. However, jute and muslin, in particular served as the most important exports of Bengal given the general need for such in Europe. The flocking of populations to Bengal coastal cities continued, with a mass increase of population in Visakhapatnam, Calcutta, Bhubaneswar, and various other minor cities and townships throughout the south. Of particular importance was the city of Calcutta which was established as the new capital of Bengal, replacing Pandua. Thus, with the constant inflow of manpower towards the coast, the Sultanate expanded upon its shipbuilding and fishery industry, and actively exploited the riches of the Bay of Bengal as it had been established as a virtual Bengali lake, with little to no opposition faced from Burma or Vijaynagar. Indeed, Bengal served as the principle centres of industry in the world. Along the same time, the Bengali Renaissance was in full swing with movements such as the Young Bengal movement established that espoused rationalism and atheism as the common denominators of civil conduct amongst the educated masses. The monarchy generally co-operated with the upholders of the renaissance, and brought forth social reforms in order to disband various backward practices such as belief in 'Priests' possessing powers which was termed shirk. Along the same time, education and scientific research was promoted amongst the masses, with schools and colleges constructed throughout the Sultanate. International-standard universities were also constructed at Kolkata, Pauda, Gaur and Visakhapatnam in order for Bengal to advance ahead of other Indian states and maintain a particular pace as the world entered into the stage of industrialization. However, it was the Bengali literature that reached its Golden Age with hundreds of poets and scholars sprouting throughout the Sultanate. The Sultanate itself promoted Urdu as well as Bengali, however it was generally the former which entered into its zenith since Urdu was largely used amongst the elites. The positive attitude of the populace towards industrialization aided in promoting it, with a railroad and telephone system established which connected the Sultanate and eased transportation and communication. Along the same time, Bengali influence steadily grew in Jaunpur with extensive co-operation and trade between the two states. [Mil/Eco Turn]
 * Khedivate of Bahamani: Prince Imran Ashraf Shah married the daughter of Ibrahim Adil Shah, establishing a dynastic union between Bahamani and Bengal. The population of Bahamani stood at 24.6 million. Under their rule, construction for a new capital at Hyderabad was initiated. The Bengali Tanki was also imposed upon Bahamani as the new currency, and the trans-railroad system established in Bengal was extended into Bahamani. The Bahamani military was modernized, standing at roughly 80,000 and a major port and naval base was constructed at Mahmudpur, the latter which would act to maintain Bengali presence in the Arabian Sea. In the economic sector, rice played the role as a major food crop to be exported. However, other important crops such as cotton, sugar cane, mango and tobacco maintained a major presence in Bahamanis exports as well. Along the same time, the Bahamani textile industry reached new heights.
 * ​Bengal - Jaunpur Diplomacy: In light of Jaunpur's aid to Bengal against Deccan, they're offered territorial concessions as a gift. The Bengali Sultan also offers his son in marriage to the Jaunpur Sultan's daughter [Mod Response].
 * Korea: Korea continues to build up its military. Meanwhile, more Taoist, Neo-Confucian and Buddhist temples are built. Taoism rises in popularity and gains more followers. Regular (read: not Imperial) Shinto gains a few more followers as well, mainly along the coastline in Southeastern Korea, particularly in Busan, Jejudo, Ulsan, and the coastal cities and coastal towns of Southern Gyeongsang Province. Mahayana Tao-Shintoism also continues to grow, and begins gaining followers from the areas where Shinto is growing, with some Shintoists switching to Mahayana Tao-Shintoism. The military in the colony of Haejagang (해자강) continues to be on high alert and continues to heavily patrol the Korean settlements.
 * Ruthenia: The Ruthenians continue to make infrastructure repairs and upgrades to their new territory. The Tartar architecture of the East continues to influence the Ruthenians.
 * Morocco: The Kingdom of Morocco continues to improve its economy, infrastructure and build up its military. Morocco continues to westernize the nation and population continues to grow. The nation expands by 10,000 sq km to keep it stronger and be independent, with a few new cities built and roads built between old and new cities. More schools and houses are built and technology improves as well. Industry continues improved to be one of best works in Morocco, mostly new are built in largest populated areas of Morocco.
 * Tartary: The economy and military of Tartary are developed this year. Farming is the largest industry throughout the nation. The nation continues to develop cities. The population of Tartary continues to become larger. Tartary looks to establish an alliance with Scandinavia. We continue to expand 1000 px northeast. The Emperor position is re-established, and Alexis I becomes the Emperor.
 * Great Perm: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Azov: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bukhara: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bajkal: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Khiva: We build up our military and economy.
 * Kingdom of Parthia: We build up our military and economy.
 * Andea: The Nationals take power in the Congress of Buenos Noches this year. Population stands at 25 million Kurillianka takes the throne in both Andea and Voryloyclayr. Buenos Noches continues to grow, with a population of 65,000. Cuzco remains the largest city, with a population of 190,000. Military stands at 200,000 active men, and another 200,000 in reserve. The nation builds up its navy, expanding the amount of Warships and Ships of the Line as well as creating new Ship Yards. The nation continues to expand its industry and steam power. Cuzco remains the most industrial city in the nation, with most of the conetnients industrial goods coming from there. Buenos Noches sees the expansion of its industry as well. The new Federales Government passes the Limitation Doctrine, which gives them the power to declare war should a potential threat be perceived by the Andean Government or her sphere of influence. We also continue our support for the Osean Dictatorship. The Nationals continue to pursue the idea of a united Andea, continuing to expand their theories throughout the continent. The Novel  A World of Difference,  is published by a National Author. The Novel depicts a world in which Andea is divided, leading to another era of colonialism in Hesperia. Plans to construct a railroad from Cuzco to Buenos Dias begins, though the effort would involve massive clearing of the forest and jungle. The project is expected to take 50 years. Other railroads and highways are constructed in all nations, though. The nation mobilizes against Southern Osea.
 * Andean Overseas Territories: The Falkland Islands, under direct control of the Andean Military, prove to be a strategic location in protecting Vorlayacor's coast line. A military force of 25,000 is stationed on the islands.
 * Kingdom of Apeac: Military, economy and navy improve. Population stands at 200,000, as Andean settlers come in, seeking more land then they can get in their homeland. 4000 militiamen remain activated in the territory. 20,000 Andean military men remain active in the territory. Andean Settlers meet resistance from Mataco raiders, who attack settlements on the frontier. The nation mobilizes against Southern Osea.
 * Vorlayacor: Military, economy and navy improve. The nation sees a massive expansion of its infrastructure, with the Royal family owning much of the nation's infrastructure. Population stands at seven million. Military stands at 25,000 active men, with another 20,000 in reserve. Andean Military bases have 35,000 men stationed.The Nation joins the Second Hesperian League.
 * Osean Dictatorship: The nation moblizes against southern Osea.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire is now at a period of peace and prosperity after a long period of war and uncertainty. Roman trade routes stretch across most of the world in the pursuit of wealth and trade goods and Roman military might remains a powerful force in Europe and other parts of the world. The Roman central government does what it can to address all of the issues of the various archonates within the Empire and ensure that their needs are met even as they help instill strength in the central government. Railroads are constructed around the nation to help connect the Empire and its peoples and steamships are used for much the same purpose on water. One of the most important railroads constructed in the Empire is the Trans-Imperial Railway, stretching all the way from Patras in Achaea all the way to Alexandria in Egypt. The Railway is immense and not yet completed, but when it is will provide the people of the Empire a cheaper and safer means of travel to the various regions of the Empire as well as increase commerce and military deployment. Despite this success, the Empire continues to worry about some of its more restive or vulnerable archonates, and makes efforts to help solve that. A fort is constructed in Lutriwita, military garrisons are established in Syria, and a new harbor is constructed in Antillia. Because of the protests, a new political party is formed called the Fascist party, after mobs of protestors walk with fasces in hand. The party soon springs to dominance, obtaining a large portion of the Senate in elections.
 * Lutriwita: The colony was relatively unaffected by the war, and as such life more or less continued on normally, although contact with the Empire was much less often than before. As such, the colony developed a sense of nationalism and independence in very much the same way that the other archonates did during the war. Luckily, the government in Constantinople realizes this and offers them the same representation rights that the archonates are now given in the Imperial Senate. This does much to ease any of the potential political issues at the present time.
 * Italy: Italy begins to recover from the war, and the local military and economy continues to grow and stabilize in the aftermath. The economy is largely built up with help from the central government, as the entire economy is in shambles and the central government is doing its best to help the entire Empire grow and interconnect better through economics.
 * Syria: The former capital region proves to be a considerable issue for the Roman occupation forces, as the region is full of Muslims but also a significant quantity of Christians. Roman forces establish themselves in the city of Antioch, which houses the largest Christian community of Syria, and from there they use military and economic power to heal the land and expand Roman control over taxation, military patrols, and infrastructure rebuilding.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 100 sq km among both colonies into the Galapago Islands called Illes d'Neptune. The colonies continue growing as expected. The colony of Nouvelle Rouen continues to expand inland throughout the land corridor given by Cahokie by 9800 sq km. Mining continues in the colony of Nouvelle Orleans. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The king is outraged, for such freedom given to the Rhenish kingdom so much betrayal! In an act of sheer punishment he declares an all-out war against the rebels and the nobles he dispatches a coalition army of around 400,000 troops (from all around the empire) to quell the uprising. in the now called French Borealia, the displacement of small Spanish settlements begin, offering a free ride for them to return back into Castile, and exchange or sell their possessions in the colonies or swear allegiance to the King. Trinity colony expands by 700 sq km, a local uprising begins in Nouvelle Orleans city (OTL Cartagena de las Indias, Colombia) it soon spreads through the country to Coucut (OTL Cucuta) Sableville (in Falcon Venezuela) and St Joseph d'Bacatte (OTL Bogota) and Basse Nubou (shortened Nouvelle Bourdeaux, OTL Bucaramanga). Demanding the lowering of the taxes in the colony, and the granting of local self ruling, the King considers it, making a promise to do so within the next 30 years, thinking it to be far enough for the promise to be forgotten. The government agrees on giving the Californian state or region self rule recognizing its own right to determine its destiny, however, remaining a territory of the Borealian Domain. The colony of Emeraldia is given free state status with the official name of Etat-livre du Nouvelle Orleans.
 * Kingdom of Rhenanie: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Kingdom of Lower Burgundy: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Sardinia-Corsica: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The Sardinian language has lowered its usage to only 10% of the population of Sardinia (roughly 50,000 people) with the speaking African (43%) and French (38%) or Vandalian (9% African Rhenish German dialect) and with the vast majority being able to speak both African and French (that is more or less 85% of the nation's population). The population is stable at 500,000 people.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The African language has become the de facto leading language surpassing every other (outside of French) being spoken by the 2.3 million people living in the country as either native or second language. Vandalian, however, dominates area of Tripolitania's coast with a population of around 5000 speakers in the region. French is still the main language officially. Trading outposts begin to be made in the border of the country to trade with Tuareg and inland tribes. Sends supplies to the Rhenish War.
 * French Mali: Due to vast piracy campaigns which France and Spain have contributed to has resulted in many pirate coves in the Bissagos Islands, and as a result a larger influx of Frenchmen arrived this year, though they still don't even make up 1% yet. Ports continue to expand appropriately and the region becomes a place worth note on many maps. Roads continue being built to outlying villages and plantations continue being built.
 * Artois: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure and navy are built up. The nation prepares an army for the conflict in Britannia.
 * Free City of Danzig: The military, economy, infrastructure, and navy are built up, Danzig asks for an alliance with the current Prussian and Polish government.
 * BoraliaFlag.pngCommonwealth of Borealia: Both the military and economy improve. The continual industrial revolution has led to an increasing birth rate. Recent theories on economics and agriculture have led to the expansion of businesses at an exponential rate, including various forms of manufacturing, mining and printing. Machines using steam power are also popular, as the first factories appear. Some of these businesses are also internationally based, buying and selling to the neighboring colonies of France, Britain, and Scandinavia, as well as the sovereign states of Reme, Arcadia, Aragon, Algonquia and Germany. The most productive of these businesses is the buffalo industry, monopolized by a few companies based in Kristallstadt (OTL Salt Lake City). The professional army and cavalry are continually trained, while the forts on both borders are expanded and new artillery is manufactured. Rifles are now standard equipment across the military. Caravels and frigates fitted with steam engines are constructed while coastal merchant trade expands across the Pacific, particularly in Hawaii. The University of New Vienna continues to produce new intellectuals and engineers. Railroads for steam engines begin to be built to span many cities across the plains. As military and diplomatic support is sent to Reme, the curia also offers to mass manufacture raw materials from them and sell bison products. The Romanesque movement continues to be popular among the younger generation, as small, independent communes appear around central California. A massive amount of gold is struck in California, followed by a second wave in Alaska three months later. By the end of the year, the economy of San Francisco begins to rival that of Kristallstadt, and the immigrant population of Alaska continues to climb. The Romanesque movement frowns upon this, however, and sees it as another means of taking advantage of the Borealian natives. Construction of the second international railroad is completed. We request to purchase the colony of New Bavaria for 1.8 million Reichsthalers, utilizing the gold obtained from California. The commonwealth declares neutrality in the war with Arcadia.
 * Duchy of Oldenburg: A railway company is formed, the the Government, the OHG, and the Catholic Church in Oldenburg being the three major shareholders. The company's aim is an Oldenburg-Osnabruck line within the next five years. The economy improves. Hamburg is asked for its opinion on where the permanent home of the Pan-Holy Roman Empire Parliament should be.
 * In the Grand Union (Pskov), the GDP rises along with average wages. The Inter-Republic Road network is expanded. The Science and technology aspect of Pskov is not overlooked either. As prosperity in the nation increases, the amount of money and new people investing in institutions of higher learning. As such, the various schools that existed in Nizhegorodsk-Na-Narve unite and form the "University of Nizhegorodsk", beginning a rivalry between it and Pskov. The Pskovians want to encourage emigration from Russia, and are somewhat more successful with the Muscovite serfs, who can move around freely with their landlord's consent. This puts much issues with the leadership of Novgorod and Muscovy, who think Pskov is just looking for a fight. The ruble is becoming more and more used and is becoming the unofficial currency of Russia. The idea of currency reform, to reform it to a decimal system is put out, in order to simplify much trade (even though it is already simple enough with multiples of 20). Zlatobrezhie become wealthier and wealthier as more people get used to over 100 years of Pskovian governance. A gunsmith introduces the first revolver, and it quickly becomes popular with both the officer class. A new bullet is invented, conical inside, and with the advent of industry, rifles become the norm for the Guard regiments, and will soon enter service for the regular forces. With Elections coming up in two years, the Government decides, after much consideration, to redraw electoral boundaries once again. This time by adding seats. It is decided that until a new census is taken, that the number of seats in the General Assembly would be increased to 1000 members, and that the boundaries would be merged to Electoral Council boundaries, which would themselves be increased tenfold to 10,000 electors, as was originally envisioned. This is a radical change to the old system, and required rattification by all member Nations. This quickly got approved by the Pskov New Veche, and the Duma of Belarus. A month later, the Riigikogu of Eesti approved of the change, and the Council of Nations almost unanimously agreed. The decision became final when the Lithuanian Seimas rattified the constitutional amendment. The Conservative party thought to increase their standing by "dividing and conquering", so to speak. The Conservative Party, in this year's budget, reduced the tax rates on the faux-aristocracy, and made it more difficult to start businesses without state (or in this case pseudo-aristocratic) backing to incorporate. This is met by fierce resistance from the United Liberals, who advocate for a more Lessez-faire approach to economics.

1854

 * United German Kingdoms: Oldenburg's question is replied with several options, Osnabruck and Frankfurt. As Oldenburgs Duke is the HRE emperor, the final decision would most likely be his. New Mecklenburg in OTL Australia expands by 750 px.


 * Sultanate of Bengal: Sultan Mahmud Shah I was proclaimed the Sultan of the Sultanate of Bengal on 1810, and he initiated his rule over the Sultanate soon after. The Bengali population rose about 79.4 million, mostly due to the large influx of Bengali immigrants coming from former Bengali crown vassals, for the economic opportunity was on the rise. The Empire officially began a reform of the economic system looking to bail the economy out of crisis from war debt, and the bullion was geared toward giving the empire a competitive edge in being able to invest millions on a whim in order to drive up investments and production. A new and strict tax system was established, based off the Sharia law, a decision lauded by the largely conservative populace. The monarchy also implemented a new currency system which was to be the well-regulated silver-based Bengali Tanki. Meanwhile, the Bengali military was divided into a Naval Force, Land Force and an Imperial Guard with each having their appointed head, answerable to the Sultan. The Bengali navy experimented its first ironclads and began further development of its new larger classes of steam engine ships, churning out first rate flagships for various fleets, and more third rates, and fourth rates with the occasional second rate to augment the smaller patrol fleets, the fifth and sixth rates began to become more standard as light and medium frigates for singular voyages and patrols among other things. For the land force, a standardized army of roughly 300,000 was raised with soldiers armed with modern rifles and with cannons to be used as an ideal seige equipment. The infantry was also equipped with daggers and swords, although the latter were usually ceremonial. The land forces acted to prevent any foreign incursion into Bengal whilst the Imperial Guard existed to thwart any attempt by revolutionaries to abolish the Sultanate. Given the lack of supply of armaments from Europe, many armament companies were established at local as well as national level which served national interests, as they actively engaged in production of firearms. In agriculture was the largest economic focus of Bengal, selling such goods as rice, wheat, maize, potatoes, indigo, opium, wheat, cannabis and other crops to European merchants as well as Indian. However, jute and muslin, in particular served as the most important exports of Bengal given the general need for such in Europe. The flocking of populations to Bengal coastal cities continued, with a mass increase of population in Visakhapatnam, Calcutta, Bhubaneswar, and various other minor cities and townships throughout the south. Of particular importance was the city of Calcutta which was established as the new capital of Bengal, replacing Pandua. Thus, with the constant inflow of manpower towards the coast, the Sultanate expanded upon its shipbuilding and fishery industry, and actively exploited the riches of the Bay of Bengal as it had been established as a virtual Bengali lake, with little to no opposition faced from Burma or Vijaynagar. Indeed, Bengal served as the principle centres of industry in the world. Along the same time, the Bengali Renaissance was in full swing with movements such as the Young Bengal movement established that espoused rationalism and atheism as the common denominators of civil conduct amongst the educated masses. The monarchy generally co-operated with the upholders of the renaissance, and brought forth social reforms in order to disband various backward practices such as belief in 'Priests' possessing powers which was termed shirk. Along the same time, education and scientific research was promoted amongst the masses, with schools and colleges constructed throughout the Sultanate. International-standard universities were also constructed at Kolkata, Pauda, Gaur and Visakhapatnam in order for Bengal to advance ahead of other Indian states and maintain a particular pace as the world entered into the stage of industrialization. However, it was the Bengali literature that reached its Golden Age with hundreds of poets and scholars sprouting throughout the Sultanate. The Sultanate itself promoted Urdu as well as Bengali, however it was generally the former which entered into its zenith since Urdu was largely used amongst the elites. The positive attitude of the populace towards industrialization aided in promoting it, with a railroad and telephone system established which connected the Sultanate and eased transportation and communication. Along the same time, Bengali influence steadily grew in Jaunpur with extensive co-operation and trade between the two states. [Mil/Eco Turn]
 * Khedivate of Bahamani: Prince Imran Ashraf Shah married the daughter of Ibrahim Adil Shah, establishing a dynastic union between Bahamani and Bengal. The population of Bahamani stood at 24.6 million. Under their rule, construction for a new capital at Hyderabad was initiated. The Bengali Tanki was also imposed upon Bahamani as the new currency, and the trans-railroad system established in Bengal was extended into Bahamani. The Bahamani military was modernized, standing at roughly 80,000 and a major port and naval base was constructed at Mahmudpur, the latter which would act to maintain Bengali presence in the Arabian Sea. In the economic sector, rice played the role as a major food crop to be exported. However, other important crops such as cotton, sugar cane, mango and tobacco maintained a major presence in Bahamanis exports as well. Along the same time, the Bahamani textile industry reached new heights.
 * ​Bengal - Jaunpur Diplomacy: In light of Jaunpur's aid to Bengal against Deccan, they're offered territorial concessions as a gift. The Bengali Sultan also offers his son in marriage to the Jaunpur Sultan's daughter [Mod Response].
 * Yeah, why not?
 * Bengal - Udaipur Diplomacy: The Raja of the Udaipur Rajya is offered protectorate status under the Sultanate of Bengal. The proposal offers military protection to Udaipur, from any foreign aggression or local uprising, training to the Udaipuri military and supply of armaments at cheap cost. Udaipur would also receive trade benefits, such as removal of tariffs in particular situations. Moreover, Udaipuri merchants would be allowed to utilize the railroad system present in Bengal and Bahamani, as well as use the ports of Mahmudpur and Kolkata. Moving on, Udaipur would be able to maintain partial autonomy, being able to manage their internal affairs independently. External affairs would in contrast be managed jointly by Bengal and Udaipur. The proposal also assures the Udaipur Rajya, that no attempt would be made to impose total Bengali control over Udaipur unless specifically requested by the Udaipuri ruler of that time, and any decision to be made in regards to Udaipur would be made with joint consultation. In return for such benefits, Udaipur would allow Bengali merchants to utilise the port of Surat, and Bengali soldiers would have permission to move through Udaipuri territory. Udaipur would also be obliged to implement the Bengali Tanki. Moreover, Udaipur would recognise substantial Bengali suzerainty over the Rajya, with the latter being a 'Khedivate' in a sense, although with much greater autonomy. [Mod Response]
 * The Caliphate drastically develops military and the economy of the nation. We begin to construct the nation to its previous extent and glory. In addition to this endeavour, we start to garrison more men on our eastern borders, in addition to our border with the Roman Empire. Also, we try to influence the Persian Gulf trade to our control, in opposition to the Persia. We improve Mecca every year, donating a significant part of our treasury to the Holy City. As our steady population increases, so does our economy. A significant number of ships are built for our fleet. As we also begin to modernize our army, we improve the many cities of the Caliphate, specifically in Yemen and Iraq. We continue the war against Persia.
 * Korea: Korea continues to build up its military. Meanwhile, more Taoist, Neo-Confucian and Buddhist temples are built. Taoism rises in popularity and gains more followers. Regular (read: not Imperial) Shinto gains a few more followers as well, mainly along the coastline in Southeastern Korea, particularly in Busan, Jejudo, Ulsan, and the coastal cities and coastal towns of Southern Gyeongsang Province. Mahayana Tao-Shintoism also continues to grow, and begins gaining followers from the areas where Shinto is growing, with some Shintoists switching to Mahayana Tao-Shintoism. The military in the colony of Haejagang (해자강) continues to be on high alert and continues to heavily patrol the Korean settlements.
 * Ruthenia: The Ruthenians continue to make infrastructure repairs and upgrades to their new territory. The Tartar architecture of the East continues to influence the Ruthenians.
 * Morocco: The Kingdom of Morocco continues to improve its economy, infrastructure and build up its military. Morocco continues to westernize the nation and population continues to grow. The nation expands by 10,000 sq km to keep it stronger and be independent, with a few new cities built and roads built between old and new cities. More schools and houses are built and technology improves as well. Industry continues improved to be one of best works in Morocco, mostly new are built in largest populated areas of Morocco. Sunni Islam rises in popularity and gains more followers.
 * BoraliaFlag.pngCommonwealth of Borealia: Both the military and economy improve. The continual industrial revolution has led to an increasing birth rate. Recent theories on economics and agriculture have led to the expansion of businesses at an exponential rate, including various forms of manufacturing, mining and printing. Machines using steam power are also popular, as the first factories appear. Some of these businesses are also internationally based, buying and selling to the neighboring colonies of France, Britain and Scandinavia, as well as the sovereign states of Reme, Arcadia, Aragon, Algonquia and Germany. The most productive of these businesses is the buffalo industry, monopolized by a few companies based in Kristallstadt (OTL Salt Lake City). The professional army and cavalry are continually trained, while the forts on both borders are expanded and new artillery is manufactured. Rifles are now standard equipment across the military. Caravels and frigates fitted with steam engines are constructed while coastal merchant trade expands across the Pacific, particularly in Hawaii. The University of New Vienna continues to produce new intellectuals and engineers. Railroads for steam engines begin to be built to span many cities across the plains. As military and diplomatic support is sent to Reme, the curia also offers to mass manufacture raw materials from them and sell bison products. The Romanesque movement continues to be popular among the younger generation, as small, independent communes appear around central California. A massive amount of gold is struck in California, followed by a second wave in Alaska three months later. By the end of the year, the economy of San Francisco begins to rival that of Kristallstadt, and the immigrant population of Alaska continues to climb. The Romanesque movement frowns upon this, however, and sees it as another means of taking advantage of the Borealian natives. We request to purchase the colony of New Bavaria for 1.8 million Reichsthalers, utilizing the gold obtained from California. The commonwealth declares neutrality in the war with Arcadia.
 * Tartary: The economy and military of Tartary are developed this year. Farming is the largest industry throughout the nation. The nation continues to develop cities. The population of Tartary continues to become larger. Tartary looks to establish an alliance with Scandinavia. We continue to expand 1000 px northeast. The Emperor position is re-established, and Alexis I becomes the Emperor.
 * Great Perm: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Azov: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bukhara: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bajkal: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Khiva: We build up our military and economy.
 * Kingdom of Parthia: We build up our military and economy.
 * China: Military and economic development continues.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire is now at a period of peace and prosperity after a long period of war and uncertainty. Roman trade routes stretch across most of the world in the pursuit of wealth and trade goods and Roman military might remains a powerful force in Europe and other parts of the world. The Roman central government does what it can to address all of the issues of the various archonates within the Empire and ensure that their needs are met even as they help instill strength in the central government. Railroads are constructed around the nation to help connect the Empire and its peoples and steamships are used for much the same purpose on water. One of the most important railroads constructed in the Empire is the Trans-Imperial Railway, stretching all the way from Patras in Achaea all the way to Alexandria in Egypt. The Railway is immense and not yet completed, but when it is will provide the people of the Empire a cheaper and safer means of travel to the various regions of the Empire as well as increase commerce and military deployment. Despite this success, the Empire continues to worry about some of its more restive or vulnerable archonates, and makes efforts to help solve that. A fort is constructed in Lutriwita, military garrisons are established in Syria, and a new harbor is constructed in Antillia. Because of the protests, a new political party is formed called the Fascist party, after mobs of protestors walk with fasces in hand. The party soon springs to dominance, obtaining a large portion of the Senate in elections.
 * Lutriwita: The colony was relatively unaffected by the war, and as such life more or less continued on normally, although contact with the Empire was much less often than before. As such, the colony developed a sense of nationalism and independence in very much the same way that the other archonates did during the war. Luckily, the government in Constantinople realizes this and offers them the same representation rights that the archonates are now given in the Imperial Senate. This does much to ease any of the potential political issues at the present time.
 * Italy: Italy begins to recover from the war, and the local military and economy continues to grow and stabilize in the aftermath. The economy is largely built up with help from the central government, as the entire economy is in shambles and the central government is doing its best to help the entire Empire grow and interconnect better through economics. The Roman government begins a major drive to help improve the region and re-inforce its control. Forts are constructed around major cities like Naples, Rome and Florence and a line of border posts and fortifications are constructed along the border with Lombardy. Railroads are constructed from Bari in the south to Ravenna in the north, connecting the two parts of the country together and easing travel for both civilians and military across the land.
 * Syria: The former capital region proves to be a considerable issue for the Roman occupation forces, as the region is full of Muslims but also a significant quantity of Christians. Roman forces establish themselves in the city of Antioch, which houses the largest Christian community of Syria, and from there they use military and economic power to heal the land and expand Roman control over taxation, military patrols, and infrastructure rebuilding. The population begins to see major changes since the fall of the Damascans. Many Muslims have either fled the area or have converted by this time, althouth there is still a sizable number of Muslims still living in Syria as well as other areas. Syrian Christians are integrated into the local government to help govern the area, and while many are opposed, a few Muslims are as well.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 100 sq km among both colonies into the Galapago Islands called Illes d'Neptune. The colonies continue growing as expected. The colony of Nouvelle Rouen continues to expand inland throughout the land corridor given by Cahokie by 9800 sq km. Mining continues in the colony of Nouvelle Orleans. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The king is outraged, for such freedom given to the Rhenish kingdom so much betrayal! In an act of sheer punishment he declares an all-out war against the rebels and the nobles he dispatches a coalition army of around 400,000 troops (from all around the empire) to quell the uprising. in the now called French Borealia, the displacement of small Spanish settlements begin, offering a free ride for them to return back into Castile, and exchange or sell their possessions in the colonies or swear allegiance to the King. Trinity colony expands by 700 sq km, a local uprising begins in Nouvelle Orleans city (OTL Cartagena de las Indias, Colombia) it soon spreads through the country to Coucut (OTL Cucuta) Sableville (in Falcon Venezuela) and St Joseph d'Bacatte (OTL Bogota) and Basse Nubou (shortened Nouvelle Bourdeaux, OTL Bucaramanga). Demanding the lowering of the taxes in the colony, and the granting of local self ruling, the King considers it, making a promise to do so within the next 30 years, thinking it to be far enough for the promise to be forgotten. The government agrees on giving the Californian state or region self rule recognizing its own right to determine its destiny, however, remaining a territory of the Borealian Domain. The colony of Emeraldia is given free state status with the official name of Etat-livre du Nouvelle Orleans.
 * Kingdom of Rhenanie: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Kingdom of Lower Burgundy: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Sardinia-Corsica: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The Sardinian language has lowered its usage to only 10% of the population of Sardinia (roughly 50,000 people) with the speaking African (43%) and French (38%) or Vandalian (9% African Rhenish German dialect) and with the vast majority being able to speak both African and French (that is more or less 85% of the nation's population). The population is stable at 500,000 people.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The African language has become the de facto leading language surpassing every other (outside of French) being spoken by the 2.3 million people living in the country as either native or second language. Vandalian, however, dominates area of Tripolitania's coast with a population of around 5000 speakers in the region. French is still the main language officially. Trading outposts begin to be made in the border of the country to trade with Tuareg and inland tribes. Sends supplies to the Rhenish War.
 * French Mali: Due to vast piracy campaigns which France and Spain have contributed to has resulted in many pirate coves in the Bissagos Islands, and as a result a larger influx of Frenchmen arrived this year, though they still don't even make up 1% yet. Ports continue to expand appropriately and the region becomes a place worth note on many maps. Roads continue being built to outlying villages and plantations continue being built.
 * Artois: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure and navy are built up. The nation prepares an army for the conflict in Britannia.
 * Free City of Danzig: The military, economy, infrastructure, and navy are built up, Danzig asks for an alliance with the current Prussian and Polish government.
 * Duchy of Oldenburg: Duke-Emperor Conrad decrees that two Imperial Parliaments shall be built: one in Osnabruck and one in Frankfurt, to be used on alternate years. They will be completely identical buildings, and will face each other, so that if one walked in a straight line from Osnabruck to Frankfurt, one would feel like one had somehow returned to where one started. Work begins immediately on the grand buildings (which are in the style of the OTL Bundestag building). In other news, work begins on the Oldenburg-Osnabruck railway line. It is slow at first, but gradually makes headway.
 * In the Grand Union (Pskov), the GDP rises along with average wages. The Inter-Republic Road network is expanded. The Science and technology aspect of Pskov is not overlooked either. As prosperity in the nation increases, the amount of money and new people investing in institutions of higher learning. As such, the various schools that existed in Nizhegorodsk-Na-Narve unite and form the "University of Nizhegorodsk", beginning a rivalry between it and Pskov. The Pskovians want to encourage emigration from Russia, and are somewhat more successful with the Muscovite serfs, who can move around freely with their landlord's consent. This puts much issues with the leadership of Novgorod and Muscovy, who think Pskov is just looking for a fight. The ruble is becoming more and more used and is becoming the unofficial currency of Russia. The idea of currency reform, to reform it to a decimal system is put out, in order to simplify much trade (even though it is already simple enough with multiples of 20). Zlatobrezhie becomes wealthier and wealthier as more people get used to over 100 years of Pskovian governance. A gunsmith introduces the first revolver, and it quickly becomes popular with both the officer class. A new bullet is invented, conical inside, and with the advent of industry, rifles become the norm for the Guard regiments, and will soon enter service for the regular forces. With Elections coming up in two years, the Government decides, after much consideration, to redraw electoral boundaries once again. This time by adding seats. It is decided that until a new census is taken, that the number of seats in the General Assembly would be increased to 1000 members, and that the boundaries would be merged to Electoral Council boundaries, which would themselves be increased tenfold to 10,000 electors, as was originally envisioned. This is a radical change to the old system, and required ratification by all member Nations. This quickly got approved by the Pskov New Veche, and the Duma of Belarus. A month later, the Riigikogu of Eesti approved of the change, and the Council of Nations almost unanimously agreed. The decision became final when the Lithuanian Seimas ratified the constitutional amendment. The Conservative party thought to increase their standing by "dividing and conquering", so to speak. The Conservative Party, in this year's budget, reduced the tax rates on the faux-aristocracy, and made it more difficult to start businesses without state (or in this case pseudo-aristocratic) backing to incorporate. This is met by fierce resistance from the United Liberals, who advocate for a more Lessez-faire approach to economics. Communist and Socialist ideologies cross the Finnish Gulf, and begin to take root in Eesti.
 * In Aragon the nation continues to prosper as a center of the arts and learning. The construction of new buildings, roads and other infrastructure continues. Aragonese merchants and emissaries continue to sail around the world to expand the reach of Aragon in terms of wealth and diplomatic connections. Aragon also becomes a place where artists and intellectual minds meet and do things. It is cool. Due to the regrowth of the economy, new jobs created in the three major cities lead to more people moving to the cities. Stronger cements are produced, whatever that means, leading to the construction of some taller buildings, especially in the major cities such as Zaragoza and Valencia. A rail link between Zaragoza and Madrid is proposed. With the advent of steam power, factories begin to be built and stuff. Textile mills, cloth factories and other places begin to harness steam power to do more things faster, which creates more jobs that people move to cities to get. Industrialization is gaining speed. The construction of ships and weaponry continues.
 * Reme: Reme begins to build up its military and economy. After a long, heated discussion of how Reme would be governed, the tribal representatives (as well as notable Byzantine-Borealians) decide to create a republic, with a basic constitution that would be given basic rights to citizens of Reme. After these discussions, a rich Byzantine-Borealian named Stephanos Shawnee, and becomes the first President of Reme. Shawnee starts to upgrade trade and military services. However seeing Reme, a new nation, vulnerable to foreign attack, starts to encourage militarization of the west, and opens up to military alliances with other nations. Meanwhile, trade is improved on, with industrialization, mainly former Byzantine areas slowly being introduced to populous areas. Lumber, cash crops, and other goods become a major export of Reme, and starts getting Reme a jump-start into the European economy. Shawnee also commands the creation of a couple new navy ships, to help modernize the outdated Remian navy. Reme continues its current expansion into the Michigan peninsula, expanding another 150 pixels into it. Meanwhile, the idea of building coal mines come into mind, especially in the OTL West Virginian area. Coal mining plants are started to be worked on. Reme also starts very slowly changing its focus to industrial things, with a nation wide railroad being considered to be built. Reme incorporates the French territory of Rouenelle as a province of Reme, with Cahokie being designated as a territory of Reme. With this, French is now declared an official language of Reme, with Greek and French made mandatory for children in Reman schools. Construction in the railroad continues, with the two native states being declared war upon to fix the track and to oust from that area. Jayson Chistakos, a politican, gains popularity, and gains influence throughout the Republic. He eventually wins the election called for by the population and becomes the first Emperor of Reme. Jayson's first action is to immediately start industrializing river areas, and to mass produce textiles to cheaper the price of Reman cotton products. Jayson also demands that the Mexica border be fortified, since the nation poses a threat to the safety of Reme. Jayson also demands that Reme starts militarializing these areas, as well as the border with Arcadia. Reme also sends a diplomat to Byzantium, who wishes for the nation to recognize the sovereignty of Reme and to drop claims to the nation. Reme, along with Algonquia, declares war on Arcadia and invades on another front.

1855
'''The Grand Union of Konigsberg begins to see tensions among the different conservatives of its ethnicities. Narvan/Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian and of course Pskovian/Belarus/Russian nationalists begin minor protests because they believe they require more freedom from each other.'''


 * Well then, this will certainly change the results of the election: Divide the National Conservatives, make it easier for the United Liberals to conquer.

As Borealianism achieved its full potential during the 1848 riots, many scholars in Borealia and Hesperia begin to claim that it has numerous errors and is filled with prejudice.


 * United German Kingdoms: New Mecklenburg in OTL Australia expands by 750 px. Construction on the new imperial parliament building in Frankfurt begins, and parliament approves to commit a percentage of the treasury to its construction. Following the death of Chancellor Heinz Rauben, King Karl appoints Francis Lüken, Count Rugia, as his successor. Lükens inaugural address to parliament includes his support of a standard railroad gauge through the Imperial states, as well as the Bavarian bloc.


 * Sultanate of Bengal: Sultan Mahmud Shah I was proclaimed the Sultan of the Sultanate of Bengal on 1810, and he initiated his rule over the Sultanate soon after. The Bengali population rose about 80.2 million, mostly due to the large influx of Bengali immigrants coming from former Bengali crown vassals, for the economic opportunity was on the rise. The Empire officially began a reform of the economic system looking to bail the economy out of crisis from war debt, and the bullion was geared toward giving the empire a competitive edge in being able to invest millions on a whim in order to drive up investments and production. A new and strict tax system was established, based off the Sharia law, a decision lauded by the largely conservative populace. The monarchy also implemented a new currency system which was to be the well-regulated silver-based Bengali Tanki. Meanwhile, the Bengali military was divided into a Naval Force, Land Force and an Imperial Guard with each having their appointed head, answerable to the Sultan. The Bengali navy experimented its first ironclads and began further development of its new larger classes of steam engine ships, churning out first rate flagships for various fleets, and more third rates, and fourth rates with the occasional second rate to augment the smaller patrol fleets, the fifth and sixth rates began to become more standard as light and medium frigates for singular voyages and patrols among other things. For the land force, a standardized army of roughly 300,000 was raised with soldiers armed with modern rifles and with cannons to be used as the ideal seige equipment. The infantry was also equipped with daggers and swords, although the latter were usually ceremonial. The land forces acted to prevent any foreign incursion into Bengal whilst the Imperial Guard existed to thwart any attempt by revolutionaries to abolish the Sultanate. Given the lack of supply of armaments from Europe, many armament companies were established at local as well as national level which served national interests, as they actively engaged in production of firearms. In agriculture was the largest economic focus of Bengal, selling such goods as rice, wheat, maize, potatoes, indigo, opium, wheat, cannabis and other crops to European merchants as well as Indian. However, jute and muslin in particular, served as the most important exports of Bengal given the general need for such in Europe. The flocking of populations to Bengal coastal cities continued, with a mass increase of population in Visakhapatnam, Calcutta, Bhubaneswar, and various other minor cities and townships throughout the south. Of particular importance was the city of Calcutta which was established as the new capital of Bengal, replacing Pandua. Thus, with the constant inflow of manpower towards the coast, the Sultanate expanded upon its shipbuilding and fishery industry, and actively exploited the riches of the Bay of Bengal as it had been established as a virtual Bengali lake, with little to no opposition faced from Burma or Vijaynagar. Indeed, Bengal served as the principle centres of industry in the world. Along the same time, the Bengali Renaissance was in full swing with movements such as the Young Bengal movement established that espoused rationalism and atheism as the common denominators of civil conduct amongst the educated masses. The monarchy generally co-operated with the upholders of the renaissance, and brought forth social reforms in order to disband various backward practices such as belief in 'Priests' possessing powers which was termed shirk. Along the same time, education and scientific research was promoted amongst the masses, with schools and colleges constructed throughout the Sultanate. International-standard universities were also constructed at Kolkata, Pauda, Gaur and Visakhapatnam in order for Bengal to advance ahead of other Indian states and maintain a particular pace as the world entered into the stage of industrialization. However, it was the Bengali literature that reached its Golden Age with hundreds of poets and scholars sprouting throughout the Sultanate. The Sultanate itself promoted Urdu as well as Bengali, however it was generally the former which entered into its zenith since Urdu was largely used amongst the elites. The positive attitude of the populace towards industrialization aided in promoting it, with a railroad and telephone system established which connected the Sultanate and eased transportation and communication. Along the same time, Bengali influence steadily grew in Jaunpur with extensive co-operation and trade between the two states. [Mil/Eco Turn]
 * Khedivate of Bahamani: Prince Imran Ashraf Shah married the daughter of Ibrahim Adil Shah, establishing a dynastic union between Bahamani and Bengal. The population of Bahamani stood at 25.1 million. Under their rule, construction for a new capital at Hyderabad was initiated. The Bengali Tanki was also imposed upon Bahamani as the new currency, and the trans-railroad system established in Bengal was extended into Bahamani. The Bahamani military was modernized, standing at roughly 80,000 and a major port and naval base was constructed at Mahmudpur, the latter which would act to maintain Bengali presence in the Arabian Sea. In the economic sector, rice played the role as a major food crop to be exported. However, other important crops such as cotton, sugar cane, mango and tobacco maintained a major presence in Bahamanis exports as well. Along the same time, the Bahamani textile industry reached new heights.
 * ​Bengal - Jaunpur Diplomacy: In light of Jaunpur's aid to Bengal against Deccan, they're offered territorial concessions as a gift. The Bengali Sultan also offers his son in marriage to the Jaunpur Sultan's daughter [Mod Response].
 * Yes
 * Bengal - Udaipur Diplomacy: The Raja of the Udaipur Rajya is offered protectorate status under the Sultanate of Bengal. The proposal offers military protection to Udaipur, from any foreign aggression or local uprising, training to the Udaipuri military and supply of armaments at cheap cost. Udaipur would also receive trade benefits, such as removal of tariffs in particular situations. Moreover, Udaipuri merchants would be allowed to utilize the railroad system present in Bengal and Bahamani, as well as use the ports of Mahmudpur and Kolkata. Moving on, Udaipur would be able to maintain partial autonomy, being able to manage their internal affairs independently. External affairs would in contrast be managed jointly by Bengal and Udaipur. The proposal also assures the Udaipur Rajya, that no attempt would be made to impose total Bengali control over Udaipur unless specifically requested by the Udaipuri ruler of that time, and any decision to be made in regards to Udaipur would be made with joint consultation. In return for such benefits, Udaipur would allow Bengali merchants to utilise the port of Surat, and Bengali soldiers would have permission to move through Udaipuri territory. Udaipur would also be obliged to implement the Bengali Tanki. Moreover, Udaipur would recognise substantial Bengali suzerainty over the Rajya, with the latter being a 'Khedivate' in a sense, although with much greater autonomy. [Mod Response]
 * yes unless other mods object
 * Ruthenia: The Ruthenians continue to make infrastructure repairs and upgrades to their new territory. The Tartar architecture of the East continues to influence the Ruthenians.
 * Korea: Korea continues to build up its military. Meanwhile, more Taoist, Neo-Confucian and Buddhist temples are built. Taoism rises in popularity and gains more followers. Regular (read: not Imperial) Shinto gains a few more followers as well, mainly along the coastline in Southeastern Korea, particularly in Busan, Jejudo, Ulsan, and the coastal cities and coastal towns of Southern Gyeongsang Province. Mahayana Tao-Shintoism also continues to grow, and begins gaining followers from the areas where Shinto is growing, with some Shintoists switching to Mahayana Tao-Shintoism. The military in the colony of Haejagang (해자강) continues to be on high alert and continues to heavily patrol the Korean settlements.
 * Morocco: The Kingdom of Morocco continues to improve its economy, infrastructure and build up its military. Morocco continues to westernize the nation and population continues to grow. The nation expands by 10,000 sq km to keep it stronger and be independent, with a few new cities built and roads built between old and new cities. More schools and houses are built and technology improves as well. Industry continues improved to be one of best works in Morocco, mostly new are built in largest populated areas of Morocco. Sunni Islam rises in popularity and gains more followers.
 * BoraliaFlag.pngCommonwealth of Borealia: Both the military and economy improve. The continual industrial revolution has led to an increasing birth rate. Recent theories on economics and agriculture have led to the expansion of businesses at an exponential rate, including various forms of manufacturing, mining and printing. Machines using steam power are also popular, as the first factories appear. Some of these businesses are also internationally based, buying and selling to the neighboring colonies of France, Britain, and Scandinavia, as well as the sovereign states of Reme, Arcadia, Aragon, Algonquia and Germany. The most productive of these businesses is the buffalo industry, monopolized by a few companies based in Kristallstadt (OTL Salt Lake City). The professional army and cavalry are continually trained, while the forts on both borders are expanded and new artillery is manufactured. Rifles are now standard equipment across the military. Caravels and frigates fitted with steam engines are constructed while coastal merchant trade expands across the Pacific, particularly in Hawaii. The University of New Vienna continues to produce new intellectuals and engineers. Railroads for steam engines begin to be built to span many cities across the plains. As military and diplomatic support is sent to Reme, the curia also offers to mass manufacture raw materials from them and sell bison products. A massive amount of gold is struck in California, followed by a second wave in Alaska three months later. By the end of the year, the economy of San Francisco begins to rival that of Kristallstadt, and the immigrant population of Alaska continues to climb. We request to purchase the colony of New Bavaria for 1.8 million Reichsthalers, utilizing the gold obtained from California. The Romanesque movement gains great momentum in the urban communities, setting themselves as counter to the culture of Borealianism. Some politicians worry that they might be a threat to society, but even some anthropologists are re-evaluating their claims.
 * Tartary: The economy and military of Tartary are developed this year. Farming is the largest industry throughout the nation. The nation continues to develop cities. The population of Tartary continues to become larger. Tartary looks to establish an alliance with Scandinavia. We continue to expand 1000 px northeast. The Emperor position is re-established, and Alexis I becomes the Emperor.
 * Great Perm: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Azov: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bukhara: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bajkal: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Khiva: We build up our military and economy.
 * Kingdom of Parthia: We build up our military and economy.
 * In the Grand Union (Pskov), the GDP rises along with average wages. The Inter-Republic Road network is expanded. The Science and technology aspect of Pskov is not overlooked either. As prosperity in the nation increases, the amount of money and new people investing in institutions of higher learning. As such, the various schools that existed in Nizhegorodsk-Na-Narve unite and form the "University of Nizhegorodsk", beginning a rivalry between it and Pskov. The Pskovians want to encourage emigration from Russia, and are somewhat more successful with the Muscovite serfs, who can move around freely with their landlord's consent. This puts much issues with the leadership of Novgorod and Muscovy, who think Pskov is just looking for a fight. The ruble is becoming more and more used and is becoming the unofficial currency of Russia. The idea of currency reform, to reform it to a decimal system is put out, in order to simplify much trade (even though it is already simple enough with multiples of 20). Zlatobrezhie becomes wealthier and wealthier as more people get used to over 100 years of Pskovian governance. A gunsmith introduces the first revolver, and it quickly becomes popular with both the officer class. A new bullet is invented, conical inside, and with the advent of industry, rifles become the norm for the Guard regiments, and will soon enter service for the regular forces. Trouble strikes the National Conservative Party, as competing Nationalisms(the Nationalist Faction being one of the forming factions of the NCP) make the NCP members more hostile towards each other. The United Liberals capitalize on the current minor protests, with their main campaign focusing on the fact that all the nations of the Union are stronger together than they are apart, using the folk tale of the Bath broom(where three discordant brothers are brought to their dying father, who tells them to first snap the broom in half, and after all three fail untie it and snap the individual brances) as a symbolf for the union and how it must stand together, and how the National Conservatives, with their rival nationalism, can only drive it apart. Numerous economic arguments are also made, such as larger GDP for larger projects. In any case, elections are called this year, as the NCP's mandate has come to an end. Before that could happen, however, a fight began between members of the NCP government and the opposition. After security resolved the matter, it was decided that seating would be changed in the General Assembly, and that Non-Affiliated Deputees would sit between the opposition and government blocs, with the Government sitting on the right, and the opposition on the left. Due to growing divides in the Conservative Party, the results of the election are disastrous, and their original plans of gerrymandering are turned against them as competing nationlisms, and the unionist rhetoric of the ULP give the Liberals an edge. The Elections are over, and the NCP no longer has a majority of seats in the Assembly, winning only 471 out of a possible 1000. Luckily, however, the Nationalist party, who won 32 seats, agrees to form a coalition, gaining a marginal majority of 503/1000 seats, but enough to hold onto power. The full results of the Election are as follows: The Government controls 503 seats and is represented by a Coalition of the National Conservative Party (471 seats), and the Nationalist Faction (32 seats). The United Liberal Farty forms the Official Opposition, controling 254 seats. The Government is also opposed by the Industrialist Faction, loosely represented by 54 seats and the Agrarian Faction, loosely represented by 47 seats. One hundred forty two Deputees sit without affiliation.
 * Andea: The Nationals win elections this year. Kurillianka, age 77, remains on the throne. The Nationals continue to reduce the power of the monarchy and increase the power of the Buenos Noches Congress and Council. Andeans begin to flock to Osea to gain new opportunities in industry and agriculture. Population stands at 27 million and rising slowly, due to the rapid migration of Andean's away from Andea proper. The Government continues to expand the industry and railroads of the nation, supporting the growth through government aid. The nation continues to lead the Second Hesperian League, and incorporates Osea into the Buenos Noches Council. They are granted six seats, and the size of the council is adjusted acordingly. In total, 100,000 Andeans enter Osea this year.


 * ​Osean Confederation: The nation is nearly leveled by the war. In total, 53% of the nations infrastructure was destroyed over the course of the 14-year long civil war and almost one million civilians where killed. The Population stands at nearly 5.7 million, with more Andeans entering the nation each year. The Mestizo culture begins to take hold in Andea, as the New World and Old World meld together. Osea continues rebuilding, with the effort being driven by Andean capital. Oseans themselves are treated as equals within Osea, with many local leaders working with the Andeans for the rebuilding effort. Osea itself is dividing into six Republics, under the banner of a confederation. The six Republics are, in decreasing order of population: Osea, Buenos Aires, Uruguay, Cordoba, Bolivia, and Santiago. Plans for two new republics, Granada and Paraguay, are laid out for next year.
 * Andean Overseas Territories: The Falkland Islands, under direct control of the Andean Military, prove to be a strategic location in protecting Vorlayacor's coast line. A military force of 25,000 is stationed on the islands.
 * Kingdom of Apeac: Military, economy and navy improve. Population stands at 400,000, as Andean settlers come in, seeking more land then they can get in their homeland. 4000 militiamen remain activated in the territory. 20,000 Andean military men remain active in the territory. Andean Settlers meet resistance from Mataco raiders, who attack settlements on the frontier. The nation mobilizes against Southern Osea.
 * Vorlayacor: Military, economy and navy improve. The nation sees a massive expansion of its infrastructure, with the Royal family owning much of the nation's infrastructure. Population stands at seven million. Military stands at 25,000 active men, with another 20,000 in reserve. Andean Military bases have 35,000 men stationed.T'
 * Reme: Reme begins to build up its military and economy. After a long, heated discussion of how Reme would be governed, the tribal representatives (as well as notable Byzantine-Borealians) decide to create a republic, with a basic constitution that would be given basic rights to citizens of Reme. After these discussions, a rich Byzantine-Borealian named Stephanos Shawnee, and becomes the first President of Reme. Shawnee starts to upgrade trade and military services. However seeing Reme, a new nation, vulnerable to foreign attack, starts to encourage militarization of the west, and opens up to military alliances with other nations. Meanwhile, trade is improved on, with industrialization, mainly former Byzantine areas slowly being introduced to populous areas. Lumber, cash crops, and other goods become a major export of Reme, and starts getting Reme a jump-start into the European economy. Shawnee also commands the creation of a couple new navy ships, to help modernize the outdated Remian navy. Reme continues its current expansion into the Michigan peninsula, expanding another 150 pixels into it. Meanwhile, the idea of building coal mines come into mind, especially in the OTL West Virginian area. Coal mining plants are started to be worked on. Reme also starts very slowly changing its focus to industrial things, with a nation wide railroad being considered to be built. Reme incorporates the French territory of Rouenelle as a province of Reme, with Cahokie being designated as a territory of Reme. With this, French is now declared an official language of Reme, with Greek and French made mandatory for children in Reman schools. Construction in the railroad continues, with the two native states being declared war upon to fix the track and to oust from that area. Jayson Chistakos, a politican, gains popularity, and gains influence throughout the Republic. He eventually wins the election called for by the population and becomes the first Emperor of Reme. Jayson's first action is to immediately start industrializing river areas, and to mass produce textiles to cheaper the price of Reman cotton products. Jayson also demands that the Mexica border be fortified, since the nation poses a threat to the safety of Reme. Jayson also demands that Reme starts militarializing these areas, as well as the border with Arcadia. Reme also sends a diplomat to Byzantium, who wishes for the nation to recognize the sovereignty of Reme and to drop claims to the nation. Reme, along with Algonquia, declares war on Arcadia and invades on another front.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire is now at a period of peace and prosperity after a long period of war and uncertainty. Roman trade routes stretch across most of the world in the pursuit of wealth and trade goods and Roman military might remains a powerful force in Europe and other parts of the world. The Roman central government does what it can to address all of the issues of the various archonates within the Empire and ensure that their needs are met even as they help instill strength in the central government. Railroads are constructed around the nation to help connect the Empire and its peoples and steamships are used for much the same purpose on water. One of the most important railroads constructed in the Empire is the Trans-Imperial Railway, stretching all the way from Patras in Achaea all the way to Alexandria in Egypt. The Railway is immense and not yet completed, but when it is will provide the people of the Empire a cheaper and safer means of travel to the various regions of the Empire as well as increase commerce and military deployment. Despite this success, the Empire continues to worry about some of its more restive or vulnerable archonates, and makes efforts to help solve that. A fort is constructed in Lutriwita, military garrisons are established in Syria, and a new harbor is constructed in Antillia. Because of the protests, a new political party is formed called the Fascist party, after mobs of protestors walk with fasces in hand. The party soon springs to dominance, obtaining a large portion of the Senate in elections.
 * Lutriwita: The colony was relatively unaffected by the war, and as such life more or less continued on normally, although contact with the Empire was much less often than before. As such, the colony developed a sense of nationalism and independence in very much the same way that the other archonates did during the war. Luckily, the government in Constantinople realizes this and offers them the same representation rights that the archonates are now given in the Imperial Senate. This does much to ease any of the potential political issues at the present time.
 * Italy: Italy begins to recover from the war, and the local military and economy continues to grow and stabilize in the aftermath. The economy is largely built up with help from the central government, as the entire economy is in shambles and the central government is doing its best to help the entire Empire grow and interconnect better through economics. The Roman government begins a major drive to help improve the region and re-inforce its control. Forts are constructed around major cities like Naples, Rome, and Florence and a line of border posts and fortifications are constructed along the border with Lombardy. Railroads are constructed from Bari in the south to Ravenna in the north, connecting the two parts of the country together and easing travel for both civilians and military across the land.
 * Syria: The former capital region proves to be a considerable issue for the Roman occupation forces, as the region is full of Muslims but also a significant quantity of Christians. Roman forces establish themselves in the city of Antioch, which houses the largest Christian community of Syria, and from there they use military and economic power to heal the land and expand Roman control over taxation, military patrols, and infrastructure rebuilding. The population begins to see major changes since the fall of the Damascans. Many Muslims have either fled the area or have converted by this time, althouth there is still a sizable number of Muslims still living in Syria as well as other areas. Syrian Christians are integrated into the local government to help govern the area, and while many are opposed, a few Muslims are as well.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 100 sq km among both colonies into the Galapago Islands called Illes d'Neptune. The colonies continue growing as expected. The colony of Nouvelle Rouen continues to expand inland throughout the land corridor given by Cahokie by 9800 sq km. Mining continues in the colony of Nouvelle Orleans. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The king is outraged, for such freedom given to the Rhenish kingdom so much betrayal! In an act of sheer punishment he declares an all-out war against the rebels and the nobles he dispatches a coalition army of around 400,000 troops (from all around the empire) to quell the uprising. in the now called French Borealia, the displacement of small Spanish settlements begin, offering a free ride for them to return back into Castile, and exchange or sell their possessions in the colonies or swear allegiance to the King. Trinity colony expands by 700 sq km, a local uprising begins in Nouvelle Orleans city (OTL Cartagena de las Indias, Colombia) it soon spreads through the country to Coucut (OTL Cucuta) Sableville (in Falcon Venezuela) and St Joseph d'Bacatte (OTL Bogota) and Basse Nubou (shortened Nouvelle Bourdeaux, OTL Bucaramanga). Demanding the lowering of the taxes in the colony, and the granting of local self ruling, the King considers it, making a promise to do so within the next 30 years, thinking it to be far enough for the promise to be forgotten. The government agrees on giving the Californian state or region self rule recognizing its own right to determine its destiny, however, remaining a territory of the Borealian Domain. The colony of Emeraldia is given free state status with the official name of Etat-livre du Nouvelle Orleans.
 * Kingdom of Rhenanie: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Kingdom of Lower Burgundy: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Sardinia-Corsica: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The Sardinian language has lowered its usage to only 10% of the population of Sardinia (roughly 50,000 people) with the speaking African (43%) and French (38%) or Vandalian (9% African Rhenish German dialect) and with the vast majority being able to speak both African and French (that is more or less 85% of the nation's population). The population is stable at 500,000 people.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The African language has become the de facto leading language surpassing every other (outside of French) being spoken by the 2.3 million people living in the country as either native or second language. Vandalian, however, dominates area of Tripolitania's coast with a population of around 5000 speakers in the region. French is still the main language officially. Trading outposts begin to be made in the border of the country to trade with Tuareg and inland tribes. Sends supplies to the Rhenish War.
 * French Mali: Due to vast piracy campaigns which France and Spain have contributed to has resulted in many pirate coves in the Bissagos Islands, and as a result a larger influx of Frenchmen arrived this year, though they still don't even make up 1% yet. Ports continue to expand appropriately and the region becomes a place worth note on many maps. Roads continue being built to outlying villages and plantations continue being built.
 * Artois: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure and navy are built up. The nation prepares an army for the conflict in Britannia.
 * Free City of Danzig: The military, economy, infrastructure, and navy are built up, Danzig asks for an alliance with the current Prussian and Polish government.
 * In Aragon the nation continues to prosper as a center of the arts and learning. The construction of new buildings, roads and other infrastructure continues. Aragonese merchants and emissaries continue to sail around the world to expand the reach of Aragon in terms of wealth and diplomatic connections. Aragon also becomes a place where artists and intellectual minds meet and do things. It is cool. Due to the regrowth of the economy, new jobs created in the three major cities lead to more people moving to the cities. Stronger cements are produced, whatever that means, leading to the construction of some taller buildings, especially in the major cities such as Zaragoza and Valencia. A rail link between Zaragoza and Madrid is proposed. With the advent of steam power, factories begin to be built and stuff. Textile mills, cloth factories and other places begin to harness steam power to do more things faster, which creates more jobs that people move to cities to get. Industrialization is gaining speed. The construction of ships and weaponry continues.

1856
The first Neanderthal remains are discovered in Neanderthal Valley, Germany.

James Walker in Britannia begins his work on genetics.


 * United German Kingdoms: New Mecklenburg in OTL Australia expands by 750 px. In Hamburg, 1856 will go down as the "Year of the Three Kings". First, King Karl III dies in a hunting accident in May. Some believe that it was the result of a plot by his ambitious brother, Ferdinand von Hamburg. It may never be known, because before the new King Ferdinand II can even take the Kings Oath, his carriage crashes into the Elbe, drowning him. His death leaves the throne to Karl III's seventeen year old daughter, Mary. Under the strictest possible guard, she travels to Hanover, and successfully takes the Kings Oath, and is officially crowned King Mary. She begins her rule by authorizing a proposal to Emperor Conrad to extend the Oldenburg-Osnabruck railroad to Frankfurt.
 * Oldenburger Diplomacy Conrad sends his best wishes to the new Queen, and accepts the proposal. He also sends his grandson Alberich (second son of the Crown Prince), who is about Mary's age, to her Royal Court.


 * Sultanate of Bengal: Sultan Mahmud Shah I was proclaimed the Sultan of the Sultanate of Bengal on 1810, and he initiated his rule over the Sultanate soon after. The Bengali population rose about 80.2 million, mostly due to the large influx of Bengali immigrants coming from former Bengali crown vassals, for the economic opportunity was on the rise. The Empire officially began a reform of the economic system looking to bail the economy out of crisis from war debt, and the bullion was geared toward giving the empire a competitive edge in being able to invest millions on a whim in order to drive up investments and production. A new and strict tax system was established, based off the Sharia law, a decision lauded by the largely conservative populace. The monarchy also implemented a new currency system which was to be the well-regulated silver-based Bengali Tanki. Meanwhile, the Bengali military was divided into a Naval Force, Land Force and an Imperial Guard with each having their appointed head, answerable to the Sultan. The Bengali navy experimented its first ironclads and began further development of its new larger classes of steam engine ships, churning out first rate flagships for various fleets, and more third rates, and fourth rates with the occasional second rate to augment the smaller patrol fleets, the fifth and sixth rates began to become more standard as light and medium frigates for singular voyages and patrols among other things. For the land force, a standardized army of roughly 300,000 was raised with soldiers armed with modern rifles and with cannons to be used as the ideal seige equipment. The infantry was also equipped with daggers and swords, although the latter were usually ceremonial. The land forces acted to prevent any foreign incursion into Bengal whilst the Imperial Guard existed to thwart any attempt by revolutionaries to abolish the Sultanate. Given the lack of supply of armaments from Europe, many armament companies were established at local as well as national level which served national interests, as they actively engaged in production of firearms. In agriculture was the largest economic focus of Bengal, selling such goods as rice, wheat, maize, potatoes, indigo, opium, wheat, cannabis and other crops to European merchants as well as Indian. However, jute and muslin in particular, served as the most important exports of Bengal given the general need for such in Europe. The flocking of populations to Bengal coastal cities continued, with a mass increase of population in Visakhapatnam, Calcutta, Bhubaneswar, and various other minor cities and townships throughout the south. Of particular importance was the city of Calcutta which was established as the new capital of Bengal, replacing Pandua. Thus, with the constant inflow of manpower towards the coast, the Sultanate expanded upon its shipbuilding and fishery industry, and actively exploited the riches of the Bay of Bengal as it had been established as a virtual Bengali lake, with little to no opposition faced from Burma or Vijaynagar. Indeed, Bengal served as the principle centres of industry in the world. Along the same time, the Bengali Renaissance was in full swing with movements such as the Young Bengal movement established that espoused rationalism and atheism as the common denominators of civil conduct amongst the educated masses. The monarchy generally co-operated with the upholders of the renaissance, and brought forth social reforms in order to disband various backward practices such as belief in 'Priests' possessing powers which was termed shirk. Along the same time, education and scientific research was promoted amongst the masses, with schools and colleges constructed throughout the Sultanate. International-standard universities were also constructed at Kolkata, Pauda, Gaur and Visakhapatnam in order for Bengal to advance ahead of other Indian states and maintain a particular pace as the world entered into the stage of industrialization. However, it was the Bengali literature that reached its Golden Age with hundreds of poets and scholars sprouting throughout the Sultanate. The Sultanate itself promoted Urdu as well as Bengali, however it was generally the former which entered into its zenith since Urdu was largely used amongst the elites. The positive attitude of the populace towards industrialization aided in promoting it, with a railroad and telephone system established which connected the Sultanate and eased transportation and communication. Along the same time, Bengali influence steadily grew in Jaunpur with extensive co-operation and trade between the two states. The marriage between Huma Khan Lodi and Timur Ashraf Shah takes place. Along the same time, plans are made to extend the Bengal-Bahamani railroad system to Udaipur. [Mil/Eco Turn]
 * Khedivate of Bahamani: Prince Imran Ashraf Shah married the daughter of Ibrahim Adil Shah, establishing a dynastic union between Bahamani and Bengal. The population of Bahamani stood at 25.1 million. Under their rule, construction for a new capital at Hyderabad was initiated. The Bengali Tanki was also imposed upon Bahamani as the new currency, and the trans-railroad system established in Bengal was extended into Bahamani. The Bahamani military was modernized, standing at roughly 80,000 and a major port and naval base was constructed at Mahmudpur, the latter which would act to maintain Bengali presence in the Arabian Sea. In the economic sector, rice played the role as a major food crop to be exported. However, other important crops such as cotton, sugar cane, mango and tobacco maintained a major presence in Bahamanis exports as well. Along the same time, the Bahamani textile industry reached new heights.
 * Korea: Korea continues to build up its military. Meanwhile, more Taoist, Neo-Confucian and Buddhist temples are built. Taoism rises in popularity and gains more followers. Regular (read: not Imperial) Shinto gains a few more followers as well, mainly along the coastline in Southeastern Korea, particularly in Busan, Jejudo, Ulsan, and the coastal cities and coastal towns of Southern Gyeongsang Province. Mahayana Tao-Shintoism also continues to grow, and begins gaining followers from the areas where Shinto is growing, with some Shintoists switching to Mahayana Tao-Shintoism. The military in the colony of Haejagang (해자강) continues to be on high alert and continues to heavily patrol the Korean settlements.
 * The Caliphate drastically develops military and the economy of the nation. We begin to construct the nation to its previous extent and glory. In addition to this endeavour, we start to garrison more men on our eastern borders, in addition to our border with the Roman Empire. Also, we try to influence the Persian Gulf trade to our control, in opposition to the Persians. We improve Mecca every year, donating a significant part of our treasury to the Holy City. As our steady population increases, so does our economy. A significant number of ships are built for our fleet. As we also begin to modernize our army, we improve the many cities of the Caliphate, specifically in Yemen and Iraq. We invade the Zand Dynasty again, hoping to collapse their illegitamate regieme over Persia.
 * Duchy of Oldenburg: Work continues frantically on the twin Imperial Parliament buildings, as Duke-Emperor Conrad's greatest wish is to live long enough to open them both. The Oldenburg-Osnabruck Railway Line is completed! It is officially opened by Crown Prince Dietrich, who has been filling in for his aging father of late. Economy improves.
 * Tibet: Tech and military grow. more rights given. Not much else.
 * Andea: The Nationals win elections this year. Kurillianka, age 77, remains on the throne. The Nationals continue to reduce the power of the monarchy and increase the power of the Buenos Noches Congress and Council. Andeans begin to flock to Osea to gain new opportunities in industry and agriculture. Population stands at 28 million and rising slowly, due to the rapid migration of Andean's away from Andea proper. The Government continues to expand the industry and railroads of the nation, supporting the growth through government aid. The nation continues to lead the Second Hesperian League, and incorporates Osea into the Buenos Noches Council. They are granted six seats, and the size of the council is adjusted acordingly. In total, 100,000 Andeans enter Osea this year.
 * ​Osean Confederation: The nation is nearly leveled by the war. In total, 53% of the nations infrastructure was destroyed over the course of the 14-year long civil war and almost one million civilians were killed. The population stands at nearly 5.8 million, with more Andeans entering the nation each year. The Mestizo culture begins to take hold in Andea, as the New World and Old World meld together. Osea continues rebuilding, with the effort being driven by Andean capital. Oseans themselves are treated as equals within Osea, with many local leaders working with the Andeans for the rebuilding effort. Osea itself is dividing into eight Republics, under the banner of a confederation. The eight Republics are, in decreasing order of population: Osea, Buenos Aires, Uruguay, Cordoba, Bolivia, Granada,  Santiago and Paraguay. We offer to deport Spanarids from the nation, free of charge, to Aragon or Castile.
 * Andean Overseas Territories: The Falkland Islands, under direct control of the Andean Military, prove to be a strategic location in protecting Vorlayacor's coast line. A military force of 35,000 is stationed on the islands.
 * Kingdom of Apeac: Military, economy and navy improve. Population stands at 400,000, as Andean settlers come in, seeking more land then they can get in their homeland. 4000 militiamen remain activated in the territory. 20,000 Andean military men remain active in the territory. Andean Settlers meet resistance from Mataco raiders, who attack settlements on the frontier. The nation mobilizes against Southern Osea.
 * Vorlayacor: Military, economy and navy improve. The nation sees a massive expansion of its infrastructure, with the Royal family owning much of the nation's infrastructure. Population stands at seven million. Military stands at 25,000 active men, with another 20,000 in reserve. Andean military bases have 35,000 men stationed. A push for separation between Andea and the Vorlayacor people begins, with a small nationalist group forming in the Nation. The Mapuche Nationalist Front is formed.
 * Morocco: The Kingdom of Morocco continues to improve its economy, infrastructure and build up its military. Morocco continues to westernize the nation and population continues to grow. The nation expands by 10,000 sq km to keep it stronger and be independent, with a few new cities built and roads built between old and new cities. More schools and houses are built and technology improves as well. Industry continues improved to be one of best works in Morocco, mostly new are built in largest populated areas of Morocco. Sunni Islam rises in popularity and gains more followers. The country is home to three major Berber languages of the family: Tarifit, Tamazight and Tashelhit. Berber has lived in Morocco for 2100 years, until Arabic came into use as before official language of Morocco before 1856. Now the Moroccan government, one of the Berber languages, Tamazight, has accepted to become an official language and Moroccan Arabic is removed from the list as Persia did.
 * Croatian Archvoivodeship (Hrvatsko Nadvojvodstvo): Sewerage systems similar to Ragusan ones are built in major towns of the Archvoivodeship. With growing Ragusan influence, and the beginning of further colonization, the navy expands rapidly using much of the Ragusan expertise. Moreover, with the influx of new resources in form of lumber, labour and metals, the navy begins expanding at a fast rate. More and more ships capable of crossing the Atlantic with ease are built. The Sabor intends to restore the glorious naval culture of the Neretva peoples and plans to do so by expanding the navy. The kravata (tie) is more and more used as an accessory. Trade routes are  strengthened and the salt mines around Tuzla are explored as well as the salt industry in Pag and Nin. Using irrigation from the Danube, Sava, Drava, Drina, Cetina, Una, Vrbaš, Kupa, Neretva and other rivers the fields in the kingdom are developed, used for crops such as wheat, rye and barley. With trade routes increasing and Croatia entering an era of peace and of stability, the development of new trade ships is issued. Stone mining is furthered as well as the timber industry. The need for these resources rises as urbanization carries on. Iron ores in Dugopolje, Zenice and at last the 'mud' ore in Vojvodina and eastern Slavonia are to be exploited alongside the silver and copper ores more frequently and of better quality than the iron ores. The exploitation of iron ores in the Lika and Gorski kotar areas continues. The salt industry in Ston is funded by the government. The influx of resources from Dahomey aids the economy. However, the government makes sure that the gold arriving isn't immediately put on the market in order to control the inflation in the worth of gold. The silver mine in Srebrenica is mined. The administrative reform continues. Kotor Saraka (Adelaide) continues to expand. The conquest of Sukadang begins.
 * Županija Dahomey: The natural resources are quickly put to use, such as coconuts, cotton both refined and raw as well as the gold. Finally, the wood industry prospers as materials are needed for new ships that would help keep the connection between Croatia and Dahomey strong.
 * Isles of the Archvoivodeship (Otoci Nadvojvodstva): The infrastructure is built up.
 * Županija of Hercules Pillars' (Županija Herkulovih Stupova): The županija's pivotal position as a trade nod creates an a sufficite allowing for the economy to expand.
 * Priština Voivodeship (Prištinsko Vojvodstvo): Due to the focus on the regional denominations of the nation, the Serbian national sense slowly suffers.
 * Carantanian Voivodeship (Karantansko Vojvodstvo): Being Alpine Slavic nation, the leaders begin a programme to create a standardized Carantanian language that will reflect on both the Slavic and Alpine (Germanic) aspects of Carantania.
 * Tartary: The economy and military of Tartary are developed this year. Farming is the largest industry throughout the nation. The nation continues to develop cities. The population of Tartary continues to become larger. Tartary looks to establish an alliance with Scandinavia. We continue to expand 1000 px northeast. The Emperor position is re-established, and Alexis I becomes the Emperor.
 * Great Perm: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Azov: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bukhara: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bajkal: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Khiva: We build up our military and economy.
 * Kingdom of Parthia: We build up our military and economy.
 * Mexaca mounts an invasion of California, in the hopes of securing a coast. Several warships are used to try to defeat the enemy navy, and 30,000 men are attacking. We ask for an alliance with Andean.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire is now at a period of peace and prosperity after a long period of war and uncertainty. Roman trade routes stretch across most of the world in the pursuit of wealth and trade goods and Roman military might remains a powerful force in Europe and other parts of the world. The Roman central government does what it can to address all of the issues of the various archonates within the Empire and ensure that their needs are met even as they help instill strength in the central government. Railroads are constructed around the nation to help connect the Empire and its peoples and steamships are used for much the same purpose on water. One of the most important railroads constructed in the Empire is the Trans-Imperial Railway, stretching all the way from Patras in Achaea all the way to Alexandria in Egypt. The Railway is immense and not yet completed, but when it is will provide the people of the Empire a cheaper and safer means of travel to the various regions of the Empire as well as increase commerce and military deployment. Despite this success, the Empire continues to worry about some of its more restive or vulnerable archonates, and makes efforts to help solve that. A fort is constructed in Lutriwita, military garrisons are established in Syria, and a new harbor is constructed in Antillia. Because of the protests, a new political party is formed called the Fascist party, after mobs of protestors walk with fasces in hand. The party soon springs to dominance, obtaining a large portion of the Senate in elections.
 * Lutriwita: The colony was relatively unaffected by the war, and as such life more or less continued on normally, although contact with the Empire was much less often than before. As such, the colony developed a sense of nationalism and independence in very much the same way that the other archonates did during the war. Luckily, the government in Constantinople realizes this and offers them the same representation rights that the archonates are now given in the Imperial Senate. This does much to ease any of the potential political issues at the present time.
 * Italy: Italy begins to recover from the war, and the local military and economy continues to grow and stabilize in the aftermath. The economy is largely built up with help from the central government, as the entire economy is in shambles and the central government is doing its best to help the entire Empire grow and interconnect better through economics. The Roman government begins a major drive to help improve the region and re-inforce its control. Forts are constructed around major cities like Naples, Rome, and Florence and a line of border posts and fortifications are constructed along the border with Lombardy. Railroads are constructed from Bari in the south to Ravenna in the north, connecting the two parts of the country together and easing travel for both civilians and military across the land.
 * Syria: The former capital region proves to be a considerable issue for the Roman occupation forces, as the region is full of Muslims but also a significant quantity of Christians. Roman forces establish themselves in the city of Antioch, which houses the largest Christian community of Syria, and from there they use military and economic power to heal the land and expand Roman control over taxation, military patrols, and infrastructure rebuilding. The population begins to see major changes since the fall of the Damascans. Many Muslims have either fled the area or have converted by this time, althouth there is still a sizable number of Muslims still living in Syria as well as other areas. Syrian Christians are integrated into the local government to help govern the area, and while many are opposed, a few Muslims are as well.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 100 sq km among both colonies into the Galapago Islands called Illes d'Neptune. The colonies continue growing as expected. The colony of Nouvelle Rouen continues to expand inland throughout the land corridor given by Cahokie by 9800 sq km. Mining continues in the colony of Nouvelle Orleans. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The king is outraged, for such freedom given to the Rhenish kingdom so much betrayal! In an act of sheer punishment he declares an all-out war against the rebels and the nobles he dispatches a coalition army of around 400,000 troops (from all around the empire) to quell the uprising. in the now called French Borealia, the displacement of small Spanish settlements begin, offering a free ride for them to return back into Castile, and exchange or sell their possessions in the colonies or swear allegiance to the King. Trinity colony expands by 700 sq km, a local uprising begins in Nouvelle Orleans city (OTL Cartagena de las Indias, Colombia) it soon spreads through the country to Coucut (OTL Cucuta) Sableville (in Falcon Venezuela) and St Joseph d'Bacatte (OTL Bogota) and Basse Nubou (shortened Nouvelle Bourdeaux, OTL Bucaramanga). Demanding the lowering of the taxes in the colony, and the granting of local self ruling, the King considers it, making a promise to do so within the next 30 years, thinking it to be far enough for the promise to be forgotten. The government agrees on giving the Californian state or region self rule recognizing its own right to determine its destiny, however, remaining a territory of the Borealian Domain. The colony of Emeraldia is given free state status with the official name of Etat-livre du Nouvelle Orleans.
 * Kingdom of Rhenanie: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Kingdom of Lower Burgundy: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Sardinia-Corsica: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The Sardinian language has lowered its usage to only 10% of the population of Sardinia (roughly 50,000 people) with the speaking African (43%) and French (38%) or Vandalian (9% African Rhenish German dialect) and with the vast majority being able to speak both African and French (that is more or less 85% of the nation's population). The population is stable at 500,000 people.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The African language has become the de facto leading language surpassing every other (outside of French) being spoken by the 2.3 million people living in the country as either native or second language. Vandalian, however, dominates area of Tripolitania's coast with a population of around 5000 speakers in the region. French is still the main language officially. Trading outposts begin to be made in the border of the country to trade with Tuareg and inland tribes. Sends supplies to the Rhenish War.
 * French Mali: Due to vast piracy campaigns which France and Spain have contributed to has resulted in many pirate coves in the Bissagos Islands, and as a result a larger influx of Frenchmen arrived this year, though they still don't even make up 1% yet. Ports continue to expand appropriately and the region becomes a place worth note on many maps. Roads continue being built to outlying villages and plantations continue being built.
 * Artois: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure and navy are built up. The nation prepares an army for the conflict in Britannia.
 * Free City of Danzig: The military, economy, infrastructure, and navy are built up, Danzig asks for an alliance with the current Prussian and Polish government.
 * BoraliaFlag.pngCommonwealth of Borealia: Both the military and economy improve. The continual industrial revolution has led to an increasing birth rate. Recent theories on economics and agriculture have led to the expansion of businesses at an exponential rate, including various forms of manufacturing, mining and printing. Machines using steam power are also popular, as the first factories appear. Some of these businesses are also internationally based, buying and selling to the neighboring colonies of France, Britain, and Scandinavia, as well as the sovereign states of Reme, Arcadia, Aragon, Algonquia and Germany. The most productive of these businesses is the buffalo industry, monopolized by a few companies based in Kristallstadt (OTL Salt Lake City). The professional army and cavalry are continually trained, while the forts on both borders are expanded and new artillery is manufactured. Rifles are now standard equipment across the military. Caravels and frigates fitted with steam engines are constructed while coastal merchant trade expands across the Pacific, particularly in Hawaii. The University of New Vienna continues to produce new intellectuals and engineers. Railroads for steam engines begin to be built to span many cities across the plains. As military and diplomatic support is sent to Reme, the curia also offers to mass manufacture raw materials from them and sell bison products. A massive amount of gold is struck in California, followed by a second wave in Alaska three months later. By the end of the year, the economy of San Francisco begins to rival that of Kristallstadt, and the immigrant population of Alaska continues to climb. We request to purchase the colony of New Bavaria for 1.8 million Reichsthalers, utilizing the gold obtained from California. The Romanesque movement gains great momentum in the urban communities, setting themselves as counter to the culture of Borealianism. Some politicians worry that they might be a threat to society, but even some anthropologists are re-evaluating their claims.
 * Ruthenia: The Ruthenians continue to make infrastructure repairs and upgrades to their new territory. The Tartar architecture of the East continues to influence the Ruthenians.
 * Reme: Reme begins to build up its military and economy. After a long, heated discussion of how Reme would be governed, the tribal representatives (as well as notable Byzantine-Borealians) decide to create a republic, with a basic constitution that would be given basic rights to citizens of Reme. After these discussions, a rich Byzantine-Borealian named Stephanos Shawnee, and becomes the first President of Reme. Shawnee starts to upgrade trade and military services. However seeing Reme, a new nation, vulnerable to foreign attack, starts to encourage militarization of the west, and opens up to military alliances with other nations. Meanwhile, trade is improved on, with industrialization, mainly former Byzantine areas slowly being introduced to populous areas. Lumber, cash crops, and other goods become a major export of Reme, and starts getting Reme a jump-start into the European economy. Shawnee also commands the creation of a couple new navy ships, to help modernize the outdated Remian navy. Reme continues its current expansion into the Michigan peninsula, expanding another 150 pixels into it. Meanwhile, the idea of building coal mines come into mind, especially in the OTL West Virginian area. Coal mining plants are started to be worked on. Reme also starts very slowly changing its focus to industrial things, with a nation wide railroad being considered to be built. Reme incorporates the French territory of Rouenelle as a province of Reme, with Cahokie being designated as a territory of Reme. With this, French is now declared an official language of Reme, with Greek and French made mandatory for children in Reman schools. Construction in the railroad continues, with the two native states being declared war upon to fix the track and to oust from that area. Jayson Chistakos, a politican, gains popularity, and gains influence throughout the Republic. He eventually wins the election called for by the population and becomes the first Emperor of Reme. Jayson's first action is to immediately start industrializing river areas, and to mass produce textiles to cheaper the price of Reman cotton products. Jayson also demands that the Mexica border be fortified, since the nation poses a threat to the safety of Reme. Jayson also demands that Reme starts militarializing these areas, as well as the border with Arcadia. Reme also sends a diplomat to Byzantium, who wishes for the nation to recognize the sovereignty of Reme and to drop claims to the nation. Reme, along with Algonquia, declares war on Arcadia and invades on another front.

1857

 * United German Kingdoms: New Mecklenburg in OTL Australia expands by 750 px. King Mary agrees to marry Alberich of Oldenburg, and the two are married in September. But before the ceremony, the parliament pushes through legislation that would keep the pairs children in the House of Hamburg, though in a new cadet branch. The legislation also keeps the kingship with Mary, while Alberich will be King-consort. Diplomats arrive in Burma, offering them protectorate status. The Burmese ruling dynasty is also offered a sum of gold as an incentive to accept. (Mod response please)
 * Burma denies the Hamburg-German request.


 * Sultanate of Bengal: Sultan Mahmud Shah I was proclaimed the Sultan of the Sultanate of Bengal on 1810, and he initiated his rule over the Sultanate soon after. The Bengali population rose about 80.2 million, mostly due to the large influx of Bengali immigrants coming from former Bengali crown vassals, for the economic opportunity was on the rise. The Empire officially began a reform of the economic system looking to bail the economy out of crisis from war debt, and the bullion was geared toward giving the empire a competitive edge in being able to invest millions on a whim in order to drive up investments and production. A new and strict tax system was established, based off the Sharia law, a decision lauded by the largely conservative populace. The monarchy also implemented a new currency system which was to be the well-regulated silver-based Bengali Tanki. Meanwhile, the Bengali military was divided into a Naval Force, Land Force and an Imperial Guard with each having their appointed head, answerable to the Sultan. The Bengali navy experimented its first ironclads and began further development of its new larger classes of steam engine ships, churning out first rate flagships for various fleets, and more third rates, and fourth rates with the occasional second rate to augment the smaller patrol fleets, the fifth and sixth rates began to become more standard as light and medium frigates for singular voyages and patrols among other things. For the land force, a standardized army of roughly 300,000 was raised with soldiers armed with modern rifles and with cannons to be used as the ideal seige equipment. The infantry was also equipped with daggers and swords, although the latter were usually ceremonial. The land forces acted to prevent any foreign incursion into Bengal whilst the Imperial Guard existed to thwart any attempt by revolutionaries to abolish the Sultanate. Given the lack of supply of armaments from Europe, many armament companies were established at local as well as national level which served national interests, as they actively engaged in production of firearms. In agriculture was the largest economic focus of Bengal, selling such goods as rice, wheat, maize, potatoes, indigo, opium, wheat, cannabis and other crops to European merchants as well as Indian. However, jute and muslin in particular, served as the most important exports of Bengal given the general need for such in Europe. The flocking of populations to Bengal coastal cities continued, with a mass increase of population in Visakhapatnam, Calcutta, Bhubaneswar, and various other minor cities and townships throughout the south. Of particular importance was the city of Calcutta which was established as the new capital of Bengal, replacing Pandua. Thus, with the constant inflow of manpower towards the coast, the Sultanate expanded upon its shipbuilding and fishery industry, and actively exploited the riches of the Bay of Bengal as it had been established as a virtual Bengali lake, with little to no opposition faced from Burma or Vijaynagar. Indeed, Bengal served as the principle centres of industry in the world. Along the same time, the Bengali Renaissance was in full swing with movements such as the Young Bengal movement established that espoused rationalism and atheism as the common denominators of civil conduct amongst the educated masses. The monarchy generally co-operated with the upholders of the renaissance, and brought forth social reforms in order to disband various backward practices such as belief in 'Priests' possessing powers which was termed shirk. Along the same time, education and scientific research was promoted amongst the masses, with schools and colleges constructed throughout the Sultanate. International-standard universities were also constructed at Kolkata, Pauda, Gaur and Visakhapatnam in order for Bengal to advance ahead of other Indian states and maintain a particular pace as the world entered into the stage of industrialization. However, it was the Bengali literature that reached its Golden Age with hundreds of poets and scholars sprouting throughout the Sultanate. The Sultanate itself promoted Urdu as well as Bengali, however it was generally the former which entered into its zenith since Urdu was largely used amongst the elites. The positive attitude of the populace towards industrialization aided in promoting it, with a railroad and telephone system established which connected the Sultanate and eased transportation and communication. Along the same time, Bengali influence steadily grew in Jaunpur with extensive co-operation and trade between the two states. [Mil/Eco Turn]
 * Khedivate of Bahamani: Prince Imran Ashraf Shah married the daughter of Ibrahim Adil Shah, establishing a dynastic union between Bahamani and Bengal. The population of Bahamani stood at 25.1 million. Under their rule, construction for a new capital at Hyderabad was initiated. The Bengali Tanki was also imposed upon Bahamani as the new currency, and the trans-railroad system established in Bengal was extended into Bahamani. The Bahamani military was modernized, standing at roughly 80,000 and a major port and naval base was constructed at Mahmudpur, the latter which would act to maintain Bengali presence in the Arabian Sea. In the economic sector, rice played the role as a major food crop to be exported. However, other important crops such as cotton, sugar cane, mango and tobacco maintained a major presence in Bahamanis exports as well. Along the same time, the Bahamani textile industry reached new heights.
 * Korea: Korea continues to build up its military. Meanwhile, more Taoist, Neo-Confucian and Buddhist temples are built. Taoism rises in popularity and gains more followers. Regular (read: not Imperial) Shinto gains a few more followers as well, mainly along the coastline in Southeastern Korea, particularly in Busan, Jejudo, Ulsan, and the coastal cities and coastal towns of Southern Gyeongsang Province. Mahayana Tao-Shintoism also continues to grow, and begins gaining followers from the areas where Shinto is growing, with some Shintoists switching to Mahayana Tao-Shintoism. The military in the colony of Haejagang (해자강) continues to be on high alert and continues to heavily patrol the Korean settlements.
 * Ruthenia: The Ruthenians continue to make infrastructure repairs and upgrades to their new territory. The Tartar architecture of the East continues to influence the Ruthenians.
 * Nordic Union: The economy and military of Scandinavia and Britannia improves this year. Import/export businesses in Denmark, Sweden and Norway bring in a considerable amount of income. Urbanization in London leads to rapid industrialization of southern Britannia. This also happens in Copenhagen and Oslo. While Oslo celebrates the explosion of population, Copenhagen starts seeing overcrowding issues. Incentives to resettle in Finnish and Icelandic areas are enacted. Scandinavia and Britannia's chief exports include iron, wood, and other construction materiel, a commodity that is vastly growing in necessity as urbanization increases throughout Europe. Militaries in Europe purchase Nordic iron for ships and weapons. The Scandinavian colonies are a source of even more lumber. The British colonies, in the meantime, provide bountiful food for the Nordic Union. Resources such as pelts bring in massive amounts of profit for Scandinavia, both due to intranational trading and international trading. Scandinavia exports resources such as textiles, dyes and foodstuffs from its trading partners. Interest in coffee plants rises among nobles as the drink becomes more popular among the population of Scandinvia, especially in the upper class and in the aristocracy. Though the bean is expensive to Scandinavia, coffee sales spike. Indonesian powers are offered exclusive trade deals for coffee in exchange for discounted, high-quality wood and iron. Scandinavia retains its alliances with Pskov, the Roman Empire, and many other nations. These alliances are celebrated in the Scandinavian and British courts. The ports in Iceland and London are expanded to accommodate more ships. Education in Scandinavia continues to improve. The literacy rate is steadily increasing as public schools are built throughout the nation. The population of Scandinavia continues to explode as well. Urbanization, more food supplies, better census data, and other factors are all leading to a spike in population. Scandinavia's population is expected to reach twenty million by 1830. While this increase in population does come with benefits, it has its drawbacks as well. In political news, the House of Scandinavia-Britannia continues to remain in charge of Scandinavia. The Riksdag is dominated by this royal house. Scandinavia wishes to become closer to the Dutch. Centuries ago, the Northern Trading Pact had solidified British, Scandinavian and Dutch relations alike. In the meantime, Scandinavia continues vassalizing |onte (or whatever big bubble is right above it). Socialist and Republican sentiment grows in Scandinavia, especially in Finland.
 * Durbin: The colony of Durbin expands along the western coast of Australia from the former settlement that crashed there so long ago. With contact and resources flowing in from Scandinavia-Britannia, a minor boom is witnessed (colony expands 1000 sq km south along western coast).
 * Eire: The Irish continue to expand their navy and army, even more so due to the strains in Europe.
 * Ghana: More troops are raised from locals. Military and infrastructure are expanded. Most locals now see themselves as loyal British citizens and now fully vote and represent the colonies, Ghana becomes the first Brittannic colony to invoke near self rule, with little regulation from the homeland due to the mutual respect from the others. Any separatist movements are largely ignored.
 * Helluland: The military and economy are improved. Helluland expands by 10,000 sq km this year. Helluland is responsible for the production of furs in the Scandinavian Empire, generating much profit for the colony.
 * Hondeklip: The military of this African colony expands. In the meantime, Hondeklip expands by 1000 sq km.
 * Iceland: The military and economy are improved. Iceland is an important port for northern Europeans. Due to the large amounts of trade flowing into Icelandic ports, the population of Iceland increases. Iceland begins to expand its outpost on Greenland by 20,000 sq km this year. The iron mines in Iceland lead to several entrepreneurs flocking to Iceland in the interest of expanding their personal fortunes.
 * Karelia: The military and economy expand. Karelia has been in the Scandinavian realm for centuries now. It is the location of many important fortresses, namely Castle Vyborg. Karelia is a massive source of iron for Scandinavia. Trade with Russia and Pskov flows through Karelia during the summer months.
 * New Zealand: The military and economy expand.
 * Port Edmundburg: Expands by 1000 sq km south and east down the coast. The African colonists begin looking toward mining and other ventures to generate profit. A new newspaper, the first in a colony, is founded, called the Edmundburg Report. The slave trade begins to boom as exploitation of local minerals reaches a high amount. Slaves are sent to the New World to help boost production.
 * Schleswig: The military and economy are expanded. Schleswig has been a vassal of the Scandinavian Empire for quite some time. All land routes into Scandinavia go through this vassal, meaning Schleswig is one of Scandinavia's wealthiest vassals.
 * Scotland: Expands navy and military. The Edinburgh Stock Exchange continues to do well. The Emperor visits Glasgow for the wedding of noblewoman Cassandra De' Levae, wife of the Duke of Westminster in a surprise visit keen on proving that he is open to reconciliation with the House of Hamburg.
 * Duchy of Oldenburg: The two Imperial Houses of parliament are completed this year! On the anniversary of his election as Holy Roman Emperor, Duke Conrad makes the solemn journey from the Osnabruck House to the Frankfurt House, opening each in turn. Work begins on extending the Oldenburg-Osnabruck Railway to Frankfurt. Later in the year, Conrad's health starts to deteriorate, and it is gradually accepted that he is nearing the end. In other news, scientists at the University of Osnabruck come into possession of a plaster cast of a "Neanderthal man" skull, sparking much academic discussion.
 * Algonquia, having successfully occupied most of Arcadia, annexes the majority of the territory it has gained. To reduce administrative costs, Odawa is also annexed. The remainder of the territory, along the Atlantic, is transformed into the vassal of Labrador. With most of the ethnic Europeans having fled the advancing Algonquian troops, their fear exacerbated by deliberately spread rumours of savagery, their property is seized and bought by the Algonquian government for a pittance. Most of this land is redistributed to the local native populations. Various techniques are employed to encourage the remaining European populations to emigrate to Reme, Newfoundland or back to Europe. The local Iroquois, Mi'kmaq and Cree populations are supportive of the new government, and are provided with seats in the Council of Sachems. Arms are also confiscated from the Europeans and distributed to native Borealians, while a tax is instituted on "supporters of the imperialists" (namely, Europeans). 20,000 troops remain in occupation of the new territories, backed by a local militia of 15,000. Construction of a new, more central capital at Nemiscau begins.
 * The new vassal of Labrador is created from territory taken from Arcadia. The vassal is set up as a republic in imitation of Arcadia, albeit with the L'nu Emperor as constitutional monarch. The first elections are held this year for the national congress, which are easily rigged by Algonquia. A loyal local militia of 12,000 Mi'kmaq is recruited. European refugees mainly move here under the assumption that it is more tolerant than Algonquia, but incentives for immigration mean most leave outright.
 * Mexaca: Continues invading California and again asks Andea for an alliance.
 * Andea accepts.
 * Morocco: The Kingdom of Morocco continues to improve its economy, infrastructure and build up its military. Morocco continues to westernize the nation and population continues to grow. The nation expands by 10,000 sq km to keep it stronger and be independent, with a few new cities built and roads built between old and new cities. More schools and houses are built and technology improves as well. Industry continues improved to be one of best works in Morocco, mostly new are built in largest populated areas of Morocco. Sunni Islam rises in popularity and gains more followers.
 * Andea: The Nationals win elections this year. Kurillianka, age 77, remains on the throne. The Nationals continue to reduce the power of the monarchy and increase the power of the Buenos Noches Congress and Council. Andeans begin to flock to Osea to gain new opportunities in industry and agriculture. Population stands at 28 million and rising slowly, due to the rapid migration of Andean's away from Andea proper. The Government continues to expand the industry and railroads of the nation, supporting the growth through government aid. The nation continues to lead the Second Hesperian League, and incorporates Osea into the Buenos Noches Council. They are granted six seats, and the size of the council is adjusted acordingly. In total, 100,000 Andeans enter Osea this year. Neo-Hesperianism emerges from the University of Cuzco. This school of thought calls for greater unity between Andea and her satellites, as opposed to the older schools of thought. In general, many Andeans begin to support Union. As Andeans flock to Osea, Apeac and Vorlayacor, they carry this support for union with them. Work on the transcontinental railroad continues, with the process expected to take 20 to 30 years.
 * ​Osean Confederation: The nation is nearly leveled by the war. In total, 53% of the nations infrastructure was destroyed over the course of the 14-year long civil war and almost one million civilians were killed. The population stands at nearly 5.6 million, with more Andeans entering the nation each year. The Mestizo culture begins to take hold in Andea, as the New World and Old World meld together. Osea continues rebuilding, with the effort being driven by Andean capital. Oseans themselves are treated as equals within Osea, with many local leaders working with the Andeans for the rebuilding effort. Osea itself is dividing into ten republics, under the banner of a confederation. The ten Republics are, in decreasing order of population: South Osea (1.3 million), Buenos Aries (one million), North Osea (900,000), Uruguay (850,000), Cordoba (600,000), Bolivia (350,000), Granada (250,000), Santiago (100,000) and Paraguay (80,000). The Republic of Osea is divided into North and South Osea. The Andeans continue to work with the local governments on the rebuilding process. Universities are planned, with hopes to attract more settlers from Andea. Industry is built up to attract low skill workers in search of jobs. Spaniards who desire to do so are allowed to leave the nation free of charge, with monetary reimbursment from Andea. Roughly 20,000 this year take this offer. Many of them resettle in Castile or Aragon. The plans for another republic, the Republic of San Salvicion, are laid down.
 * Andean Overseas Territories: The Falkland Islands, under direct control of the Andean Military, prove to be a strategic location in protecting Vorlayacor's coast line. A military force of 35,000 is stationed on the islands.
 * Kingdom of Apeac: Military, economy and navy improve. Population stands at 400,000, as Andean settlers come in, seeking more land then they can get in their homeland. 4000 militiamen remain activated in the territory. 20,000 Andean military men remain active in the territory. Andean Settlers meet resistance from Mataco raiders, who attack settlements on the frontier. The nation mobilizes against Southern Osea.
 * Vorlayacor: Military, economy and navy improve. The nation sees a massive expansion of its infrastructure, with the Royal family owning much of the nation's infrastructure. Population stands at seven million. Military stands at 25,000 active men, with another 20,000 in reserve. Andean military bases have 35,000 men stationed. A push for separation between Andea and the Vorlayacor people begins, with a small nationalist group forming in the Nation. The Mapuche Nationalist Front is formed.
 * Tartary: The economy and military of Tartary are developed this year. Farming is the largest industry throughout the nation. The nation continues to develop cities. The population of Tartary continues to become larger. Tartary looks to establish an alliance with Scandinavia. We continue to expand 1000 px northeast. The Emperor position is re-established, and Alexis I becomes the Emperor.
 * Great Perm: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Azov: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bukhara: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bajkal: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Khiva: We build up our military and economy.
 * Kingdom of Parthia: We build up our military and economy.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire is now at a period of peace and prosperity after a long period of war and uncertainty. Roman trade routes stretch across most of the world in the pursuit of wealth and trade goods and Roman military might remains a powerful force in Europe and other parts of the world. The Roman central government does what it can to address all of the issues of the various archonates within the Empire and ensure that their needs are met even as they help instill strength in the central government. Railroads are constructed around the nation to help connect the Empire and its peoples and steamships are used for much the same purpose on water. One of the most important railroads constructed in the Empire is the Trans-Imperial Railway, stretching all the way from Patras in Achaea all the way to Alexandria in Egypt. The Railway is immense and not yet completed, but when it is will provide the people of the Empire a cheaper and safer means of travel to the various regions of the Empire as well as increase commerce and military deployment. Despite this success, the Empire continues to worry about some of its more restive or vulnerable archonates, and makes efforts to help solve that. A fort is constructed in Lutriwita, military garrisons are established in Syria, and a new harbor is constructed in Antillia. Because of the protests, a new political party is formed called the Fascist party, after mobs of protestors walk with fasces in hand. The party soon springs to dominance, obtaining a large portion of the Senate in elections.
 * Lutriwita: The colony was relatively unaffected by the war, and as such life more or less continued on normally, although contact with the Empire was much less often than before. As such, the colony developed a sense of nationalism and independence in very much the same way that the other archonates did during the war. Luckily, the government in Constantinople realizes this and offers them the same representation rights that the archonates are now given in the Imperial Senate. This does much to ease any of the potential political issues at the present time.
 * Italy: Italy begins to recover from the war, and the local military and economy continues to grow and stabilize in the aftermath. The economy is largely built up with help from the central government, as the entire economy is in shambles and the central government is doing its best to help the entire Empire grow and interconnect better through economics. The Roman government begins a major drive to help improve the region and re-inforce its control. Forts are constructed around major cities like Naples, Rome, and Florence and a line of border posts and fortifications are constructed along the border with Lombardy. Railroads are constructed from Bari in the south to Ravenna in the north, connecting the two parts of the country together and easing travel for both civilians and military across the land.
 * Syria: The former capital region proves to be a considerable issue for the Roman occupation forces, as the region is full of Muslims but also a significant quantity of Christians. Roman forces establish themselves in the city of Antioch, which houses the largest Christian community of Syria, and from there they use military and economic power to heal the land and expand Roman control over taxation, military patrols, and infrastructure rebuilding. The population begins to see major changes since the fall of the Damascans. Many Muslims have either fled the area or have converted by this time, althouth there is still a sizable number of Muslims still living in Syria as well as other areas. Syrian Christians are integrated into the local government to help govern the area, and while many are opposed, a few Muslims are as well.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 100 sq km among both colonies into the Galapago Islands called Illes d'Neptune. The colonies continue growing as expected. The colony of Nouvelle Rouen continues to expand inland throughout the land corridor given by Cahokie by 9800 sq km. Mining continues in the colony of Nouvelle Orleans. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The king is outraged, for such freedom given to the Rhenish kingdom so much betrayal! In an act of sheer punishment he declares an all-out war against the rebels and the nobles he dispatches a coalition army of around 400,000 troops (from all around the empire) to quell the uprising. in the now called French Borealia, the displacement of small Spanish settlements begin, offering a free ride for them to return back into Castile, and exchange or sell their possessions in the colonies or swear allegiance to the King. Trinity colony expands by 700 sq km, a local uprising begins in Nouvelle Orleans city (OTL Cartagena de las Indias, Colombia) it soon spreads through the country to Coucut (OTL Cucuta) Sableville (in Falcon Venezuela) and St Joseph d'Bacatte (OTL Bogota) and Basse Nubou (shortened Nouvelle Bourdeaux, OTL Bucaramanga). Demanding the lowering of the taxes in the colony, and the granting of local self ruling, the King considers it, making a promise to do so within the next 30 years, thinking it to be far enough for the promise to be forgotten. The government agrees on giving the Californian state or region self rule recognizing its own right to determine its destiny, however, remaining a territory of the Borealian Domain. The colony of Emeraldia is given free state status with the official name of Etat-livre du Nouvelle Orleans.
 * Kingdom of Rhenanie: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Kingdom of Lower Burgundy: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Sardinia-Corsica: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The Sardinian language has lowered its usage to only 10% of the population of Sardinia (roughly 50,000 people) with the speaking African (43%) and French (38%) or Vandalian (9% African Rhenish German dialect) and with the vast majority being able to speak both African and French (that is more or less 85% of the nation's population). The population is stable at 500,000 people.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The African language has become the de facto leading language surpassing every other (outside of French) being spoken by the 2.3 million people living in the country as either native or second language. Vandalian, however, dominates area of Tripolitania's coast with a population of around 5000 speakers in the region. French is still the main language officially. Trading outposts begin to be made in the border of the country to trade with Tuareg and inland tribes. Sends supplies to the Rhenish War.
 * French Mali: Due to vast piracy campaigns which France and Spain have contributed to has resulted in many pirate coves in the Bissagos Islands, and as a result a larger influx of Frenchmen arrived this year, though they still don't even make up 1% yet. Ports continue to expand appropriately and the region becomes a place worth note on many maps. Roads continue being built to outlying villages and plantations continue being built.
 * Artois: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure and navy are built up. The nation prepares an army for the conflict in Britannia.
 * Free City of Danzig: The military, economy, infrastructure, and navy are built up, Danzig asks for an alliance with the current Prussian and Polish government.
 * BoraliaFlag.pngCommonwealth of Borealia: Both the military and economy improve. The continual industrial revolution has led to an increasing birth rate. Recent theories on economics and agriculture have led to the expansion of businesses at an exponential rate, including various forms of manufacturing, mining and printing. Machines using steam power are also popular, as the first factories appear. Some of these businesses are also internationally based, buying and selling to the neighboring colonies of France, Britain, and Scandinavia, as well as the sovereign states of Reme, Arcadia, Aragon, Algonquia and Germany. The most productive of these businesses is the buffalo industry, monopolized by a few companies based in Kristallstadt (OTL Salt Lake City). The professional army and cavalry are continually trained, while the forts on both borders are expanded and new artillery is manufactured. Rifles are now standard equipment across the military. Caravels and frigates fitted with steam engines are constructed while coastal merchant trade expands across the Pacific, particularly in Hawaii. The University of New Vienna continues to produce new intellectuals and engineers. Some scientist suspect that natural oil may be found as a replacement for steam in the future. Railroads for steam engines begin to be built to span many cities across the plains. As military and diplomatic support is sent to Reme, the curia also offers to mass manufacture raw materials from them and sell bison products. A massive amount of gold is struck in California, followed by a second wave in Alaska three months later. By the end of the year, the economy of San Francisco begins to rival that of Kristallstadt, and the immigrant population of Alaska continues to climb. Additionally, Borealia offers an alliance with Mexeca, in light of the favorable support they were given in earlier colonial wars. The Romanesque movement gains great momentum in the urban communities, setting themselves as counter to the culture of Borealianism. Some politicians worry that they might be a threat to society, but even some anthropologists are re-evaluating their claims.
 * Reme: Reme begins to build up its military and economy. After a long, heated discussion of how Reme would be governed, the tribal representatives (as well as notable Byzantine-Borealians) decide to create a republic, with a basic constitution that would be given basic rights to citizens of Reme. After these discussions, a rich Byzantine-Borealian named Stephanos Shawnee, and becomes the first President of Reme. Shawnee starts to upgrade trade and military services. However seeing Reme, a new nation, vulnerable to foreign attack, starts to encourage militarization of the west, and opens up to military alliances with other nations. Meanwhile, trade is improved on, with industrialization, mainly former Byzantine areas slowly being introduced to populous areas. Lumber, cash crops, and other goods become a major export of Reme, and starts getting Reme a jump-start into the European economy. Shawnee also commands the creation of a couple new navy ships, to help modernize the outdated Remian navy. Reme continues its current expansion into the Michigan peninsula, expanding another 150 pixels into it. Meanwhile, the idea of building coal mines come into mind, especially in the OTL West Virginian area. Coal mining plants are started to be worked on. Reme also starts very slowly changing its focus to industrial things, with a nation wide railroad being considered to be built. Reme incorporates the French territory of Rouenelle as a province of Reme, with Cahokie being designated as a territory of Reme. With this, French is now declared an official language of Reme, with Greek and French made mandatory for children in Reman schools. Construction in the railroad continues, with the two native states being declared war upon to fix the track and to oust from that area. Jayson Chistakos, a politican, gains popularity, and gains influence throughout the Republic. He eventually wins the election called for by the population and becomes the first Emperor of Reme. Jayson's first action is to immediately start industrializing river areas, and to mass produce textiles to cheaper the price of Reman cotton products. Jayson also demands that the Mexica border be fortified, since the nation poses a threat to the safety of Reme. Jayson also demands that Reme starts militarializing these areas, as well as the border with Arcadia. Reme also sends a diplomat to Byzantium, who wishes for the nation to recognize the sovereignty of Reme and to drop claims to the nation. Reme, along with Algonquia, declares war on Arcadia and invades on another front.

1858
7.9 Earthquake in Central California

Tommaso Spinelli, a once unknown newspaper owner in Sicily, writes an “Open Letter Against the House of De Luca”

Earthquake near Tokyo kills nearly 100,000

The nations of East Asia begin to worry over growing Hamburger influence in the area.


 * Sultanate of Bengal: Sultan Mahmud Shah I was proclaimed the Sultan of the Sultanate of Bengal on 1810, and he initiated his rule over the Sultanate soon after. The Bengali population rose about 80.2 million, mostly due to the large influx of Bengali immigrants coming from former Bengali crown vassals, for the economic opportunity was on the rise. The Empire officially began a reform of the economic system looking to bail the economy out of crisis from war debt, and the bullion was geared toward giving the empire a competitive edge in being able to invest millions on a whim in order to drive up investments and production. A new and strict tax system was established, based off the Sharia law, a decision lauded by the largely conservative populace. The monarchy also implemented a new currency system which was to be the well-regulated silver-based Bengali Tanki. Meanwhile, the Bengali military was divided into a Naval Force, Land Force and an Imperial Guard with each having their appointed head, answerable to the Sultan. The Bengali navy experimented its first ironclads and began further development of its new larger classes of steam engine ships, churning out first rate flagships for various fleets, and more third rates, and fourth rates with the occasional second rate to augment the smaller patrol fleets, the fifth and sixth rates began to become more standard as light and medium frigates for singular voyages and patrols among other things. For the land force, a standardized army of roughly 300,000 was raised with soldiers armed with modern rifles and with cannons to be used as the ideal seige equipment. The infantry was also equipped with daggers and swords, although the latter were usually ceremonial. The land forces acted to prevent any foreign incursion into Bengal whilst the Imperial Guard existed to thwart any attempt by revolutionaries to abolish the Sultanate. Given the lack of supply of armaments from Europe, many armament companies were established at local as well as national level which served national interests, as they actively engaged in production of firearms. In agriculture was the largest economic focus of Bengal, selling such goods as rice, wheat, maize, potatoes, indigo, opium, wheat, cannabis and other crops to European merchants as well as Indian. However, jute and muslin in particular, served as the most important exports of Bengal given the general need for such in Europe. The flocking of populations to Bengal coastal cities continued, with a mass increase of population in Visakhapatnam, Calcutta, Bhubaneswar, and various other minor cities and townships throughout the south. Of particular importance was the city of Calcutta which was established as the new capital of Bengal, replacing Pandua. Thus, with the constant inflow of manpower towards the coast, the Sultanate expanded upon its shipbuilding and fishery industry, and actively exploited the riches of the Bay of Bengal as it had been established as a virtual Bengali lake, with little to no opposition faced from Burma or Vijaynagar. Indeed, Bengal served as the principle centres of industry in the world. Along the same time, the Bengali Renaissance was in full swing with movements such as the Young Bengal movement established that espoused rationalism and atheism as the common denominators of civil conduct amongst the educated masses. The monarchy generally co-operated with the upholders of the renaissance, and brought forth social reforms in order to disband various backward practices such as belief in 'Priests' possessing powers which was termed shirk. Along the same time, education and scientific research was promoted amongst the masses, with schools and colleges constructed throughout the Sultanate. International-standard universities were also constructed at Kolkata, Pauda, Gaur and Visakhapatnam in order for Bengal to advance ahead of other Indian states and maintain a particular pace as the world entered into the stage of industrialization. However, it was the Bengali literature that reached its Golden Age with hundreds of poets and scholars sprouting throughout the Sultanate. The Sultanate itself promoted Urdu as well as Bengali, however it was generally the former which entered into its zenith since Urdu was largely used amongst the elites. The positive attitude of the populace towards industrialization aided in promoting it, with a railroad and telephone system established which connected the Sultanate and eased transportation and communication. Along the same time, Bengali influence steadily grew in Jaunpur with extensive co-operation and trade between the two states. [Mil/Eco Turn]
 * Khedivate of Bahamani: Prince Imran Ashraf Shah married the daughter of Ibrahim Adil Shah, establishing a dynastic union between Bahamani and Bengal. The population of Bahamani stood at 25.1 million. Under their rule, construction for a new capital at Hyderabad was initiated. The Bengali Tanki was also imposed upon Bahamani as the new currency, and the trans-railroad system established in Bengal was extended into Bahamani. The Bahamani military was modernized, standing at roughly 80,000 and a major port and naval base was constructed at Mahmudpur, the latter which would act to maintain Bengali presence in the Arabian Sea. In the economic sector, rice played the role as a major food crop to be exported. However, other important crops such as cotton, sugar cane, mango and tobacco maintained a major presence in Bahamanis exports as well. Along the same time, the Bahamani textile industry reached new heights.
 * Korea: Korea continues to build up its military. Meanwhile, more Taoist, Neo-Confucian and Buddhist temples are built. Taoism rises in popularity and gains more followers. Regular (read: not Imperial) Shinto gains a few more followers as well, mainly along the coastline in Southeastern Korea, particularly in Busan, Jejudo, Ulsan, and the coastal cities and coastal towns of Southern Gyeongsang Province. Mahayana Tao-Shintoism also continues to grow, and begins gaining followers from the areas where Shinto is growing, with some Shintoists switching to Mahayana Tao-Shintoism. The military in the colony of Haejagang (해자강) continues to be on high alert and continues to heavily patrol the Korean settlements.
 * Nordic Union: The economy and military of Scandinavia and Britannia improves this year. Import/export businesses in Denmark, Sweden and Norway bring in a considerable amount of income. Urbanization in London leads to rapid industrialization of southern Britannia. This also happens in Copenhagen and Oslo. While Oslo celebrates the explosion of population, Copenhagen starts seeing overcrowding issues. Incentives to resettle in Finnish and Icelandic areas are enacted. Scandinavia and Britannia's chief exports include iron, wood, and other construction materiel, a commodity that is vastly growing in necessity as urbanization increases throughout Europe. Militaries in Europe purchase Nordic iron for ships and weapons. The Scandinavian colonies are a source of even more lumber. The British colonies, in the meantime, provide bountiful food for the Nordic Union. Resources such as pelts bring in massive amounts of profit for Scandinavia, both due to intranational trading and international trading. Scandinavia exports resources such as textiles, dyes and foodstuffs from its trading partners. Interest in coffee plants rises among nobles as the drink becomes more popular among the population of Scandinvia, especially in the upper class and in the aristocracy. Though the bean is expensive to Scandinavia, coffee sales spike. Indonesian powers are offered exclusive trade deals for coffee in exchange for discounted, high-quality wood and iron. Scandinavia retains its alliances with Pskov, the Roman Empire, and many other nations. These alliances are celebrated in the Scandinavian and British courts. The ports in Iceland and London are expanded to accommodate more ships. Education in Scandinavia continues to improve. The literacy rate is steadily increasing as public schools are built throughout the nation. The population of Scandinavia continues to explode as well. Urbanization, more food supplies, better census data, and other factors are all leading to a spike in population. Scandinavia's population is expected to reach twenty million by 1830. While this increase in population does come with benefits, it has its drawbacks as well. In political news, the House of Scandinavia-Britannia continues to remain in charge of Scandinavia. The Riksdag is dominated by this royal house. Scandinavia wishes to become closer to the Dutch. Centuries ago, the Northern Trading Pact had solidified British, Scandinavian and Dutch relations alike. In the meantime, Scandinavia finishes vassalizing |onte (or whatever big bubble is right above it). Socialist and Republican sentiment grows in Scandinavia, especially in Finland.
 * Durbin: The colony of Durbin expands along the western coast of Australia from the former settlement that crashed there so long ago. With contact and resources flowing in from Scandinavia-Britannia, a minor boom is witnessed (colony expands 1000 sq km south along western coast).
 * Eire: The Irish continue to expand their navy and army, even more so due to the strains in Europe.
 * Ghana: More troops are raised from locals. Military and infrastructure are expanded. Most locals now see themselves as loyal British citizens and now fully vote and represent the colonies, Ghana becomes the first Brittannic colony to invoke near self rule, with little regulation from the homeland due to the mutual respect from the others. Any separatist movements are largely ignored.
 * Helluland: The military and economy are improved. Helluland expands by 10,000 sq km this year. Helluland is responsible for the production of furs in the Scandinavian Empire, generating much profit for the colony.
 * Hondeklip: The military of this African colony expands. In the meantime, Hondeklip expands by 1000 sq km.
 * Iceland: The military and economy are improved. Iceland is an important port for northern Europeans. Due to the large amounts of trade flowing into Icelandic ports, the population of Iceland increases. Iceland begins to expand its outpost on Greenland by 20,000 sq km this year. The iron mines in Iceland lead to several entrepreneurs flocking to Iceland in the interest of expanding their personal fortunes.
 * Karelia: The military and economy expand. Karelia has been in the Scandinavian realm for centuries now. It is the location of many important fortresses, namely Castle Vyborg. Karelia is a massive source of iron for Scandinavia. Trade with Russia and Pskov flows through Karelia during the summer months.
 * New Zealand: The military and economy expand.
 * Port Edmundburg: Expands by 1000 sq km south and east down the coast. The African colonists begin looking toward mining and other ventures to generate profit. A new newspaper, the first in a colony, is founded, called the Edmundburg Report. The slave trade begins to boom as exploitation of local minerals reaches a high amount. Slaves are sent to the New World to help boost production.
 * Schleswig: The military and economy are expanded. Schleswig has been a vassal of the Scandinavian Empire for quite some time. All land routes into Scandinavia go through this vassal, meaning Schleswig is one of Scandinavia's wealthiest vassals.
 * Scotland: Expands navy and military. The Edinburgh Stock Exchange continues to do well. The Emperor visits Glasgow for the wedding of noblewoman Cassandra De' Levae, wife of the Duke of Westminster in a surprise visit keen on proving that he is open to reconciliation with the House of Hamburg.
 * Algonquia: Offers to sell the coast it holds which largely blocks off Helluland from Hudson Bay.
 * Mexaca: Continues the invasion of California and also begins constructing roads across the nation. Houses and factories are built in several locations and the army begins researching modern weapons, updating the armoury of the nation. We ask for trade with Britannia and Andea.
 * Andea: The Nationals win elections this year. Kurillianka, age 77, remains on the throne. The Nationals continue to reduce the power of the monarchy and increase the power of the Buenos Noches Congress and Council. Andeans begin to flock to Osea to gain new opportunities in industry and agriculture. Population stands at 28 million and rising slowly, due to the rapid migration of Andean's away from Andea proper. The Government continues to expand the industry and railroads of the nation, supporting the growth through government aid. The nation continues to lead the Second Hesperian League, and incorporates Osea into the Buenos Noches Council. They are granted six seats, and the size of the council is adjusted acordingly. In total, 100,000 Andeans enter Osea this year. Neo-Hesperianism emerges from the University of Cuzco. This school of thought calls for greater unity between Andea and her satellites, as opposed to the older schools of thought. In general, many Andeans begin to support Union. As Andeans flock to Osea, Apeac and Vorlayacor, they carry this support for union with them. Work on the transcontinental railroad continues, with the process expected to take 20 to 30 years.
 * ​Osean Confederation: The nation is nearly leveled by the war. In total, 53% of the nations infrastructure was destroyed over the course of the 14-year long civil war and almost one million civilians were killed. The population stands at nearly 5.6 million, with more Andeans entering the nation each year. The Mestizo culture begins to take hold in Andea, as the New World and Old World meld together. Osea continues rebuilding, with the effort being driven by Andean capital. Oseans themselves are treated as equals within Osea, with many local leaders working with the Andeans for the rebuilding effort. Osea itself is dividing into ten republics, under the banner of a confederation. The ten Republics are, in decreasing order of population: Buenos Aires (one million), North Osea (900,000), South Osea (800,000), Uruguay (850,000), Cordoba (600,000), San Salvacion (400,000), Bolivia (350,000), Granada (250,000), Santiago (100,000) and Paraguay (80,000). The Republic of Osea is divided into North and South Osea. The Andeans continue to work with the local governments on the rebuilding process. Universities are planned, with hopes to attract more settlers from Andea. Industry is built up to attract low skill workers in search of jobs. Spaniards who desire to do so are allowed to leave the nation free of charge, with monetary reimbursment from Andea. Roughly 35,000 this year take this offer.
 * Andean Overseas Territories: The Falkland Islands, under direct control of the Andean Military, prove to be a strategic location in protecting Vorlayacor's coast line. A military force of 35,000 is stationed on the islands.
 * Kingdom of Apeac: Military, economy and navy improve. Population stands at 400,000, as Andean settlers come in, seeking more land then they can get in their homeland. 4000 militiamen remain activated in the territory. 20,000 Andean military men remain active in the territory. Andean Settlers meet resistance from Mataco raiders, who attack settlements on the frontier. The nation mobilizes against Southern Osea.
 * Vorlayacor: Military, economy and navy improve. The nation sees a massive expansion of its infrastructure, with the Royal family owning much of the nation's infrastructure. Population stands at seven million. Military stands at 25,000 active men, with another 20,000 in reserve. Andean military bases have 35,000 men stationed. The Mapuche National Front pushes for independence. Numbering 25,000, they are the largest independent militia in the Andean Sphere.
 * Morocco: The Kingdom of Morocco continues to improve its economy, infrastructure and build up its military. Morocco continues to westernize the nation and population continues to grow. The nation expands by 10,000 sq km to keep it stronger and be independent, with a few new cities built and roads built between old and new cities. More schools and houses are built and technology improves as well. Industry continues improved to be one of best works in Morocco, mostly new are built in largest populated areas of Morocco. Sunni Islam rises in popularity and gains more followers.
 * BoraliaFlag.pngCommonwealth of Borealia: Both the military and economy improve. The continual industrial revolution has led to an increasing birth rate. Recent theories on economics and agriculture have led to the expansion of businesses at an exponential rate, including various forms of manufacturing, mining and printing. Machines using steam power are also popular, as the first factories appear. Some of these businesses are also internationally based, buying and selling to the neighboring colonies of France, Britain and Scandinavia, as well as the sovereign states of Reme, Arcadia, Aragon, Algonquia and Germany. The most productive of these businesses is the buffalo industry, monopolized by a few companies based in Kristallstadt (OTL Salt Lake City). The professional army and cavalry are continually trained, while the forts on both borders are expanded and new artillery is manufactured. Rifles are now standard equipment across the military. Caravels and frigates fitted with steam engines are constructed while coastal merchant trade expands across the Pacific, particularly in Hawaii. The University of New Vienna continues to produce new intellectuals and engineers. Some scientist suspect that natural oil may be found as a replacement for steam in the future. Railroads for steam engines begin to be built to span many cities across the plains. As military and diplomatic support is sent to Reme, the curia also offers to mass manufacture raw materials from them and sell bison products. A massive amount of gold is struck in California, followed by a second wave in Alaska three months later. By the end of the year, the economy of San Francisco begins to rival that of Kristallstadt, and the immigrant population of Alaska continues to climb. We offer to purchase the colony of New Bavaria for a total of 1.8 million Reichsthalers. The Californian Earthquake devastates the southern territory, taking zero casualties but injuring dozens. Hundreds of Romanesque communities are displaced by the disaster, and are now looking to the government for reparations. Romanesque leaders as far as New Vienna are gathering support for the refugees. The transcontinental railroad also sustains considerable damage, and is closed down for a few months for repair. The commonwealth invades California this year and seizes territory outside of Mexeca's influence.
 * Algonquia: Officially shifts its capital to Nemiscau this year. Iroquois and Mi'kmaq are declared official languages, and the military, with increased responsibilities, expands to 100,000. With new shipyards, technologies and resources gained by the conquest of Arcadia, the government plans the construction of a series of new ships of the line to re-inforce the navy and improve power projection. A specialized division of marines is also formed. Industrialization continues, and new consumer goods become available. The government continues to offer financial incentives to encourage Europeans to emigrate, while heavy taxation and general hostility further encourage them. The vast majority of the European population has already moved to Labrador due to land confiscations and the war, and this trend accelerates further.
 * In Labrador, the government begins to back ethnic Scandinavians over ethnic Brittannic people, encouraging a narrative of victimization as a result of the Vinland Purchase. Several former Arcadian political figures are lynched this year, all by such revanchist groups. Overcrowding begins to become an issue as most European Arcadians have fled here, incentivizing them to leave. The military, all native, expands to 15,000, and important naval bases are located there.
 * Hielijan: Acts as a staging area for emigrants, and an important trading point. The local militia and economy improves.
 * Tartary: The economy and military of Tartary are developed this year. Farming is the largest industry throughout the nation. The nation continues to develop cities. The population of Tartary continues to become larger. Tartary looks to establish an alliance with Scandinavia. We continue to expand 1000 px northeast. The Emperor position is re-established, and Alexis I becomes the Emperor.
 * Great Perm: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Azov: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bukhara: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bajkal: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Khiva: We build up our military and economy.
 * Kingdom of Parthia: We build up our military and economy.
 * In the Grand Union (Pskov), the GDP rises along with average wages. The Inter-Republic Road network is expanded. The Science and technology aspect of Pskov is not overlooked either. As prosperity in the nation increases, the amount of money and new people investing in institutions of higher learning. As such, the various schools that existed in Nizhegorodsk-Na-Narve unite and form the "University of Nizhegorodsk", beginning a rivalry between it and Pskov. The Pskovians want to encourage emigration from Russia, and are somewhat more successful with the Muscovite serfs, who can move around freely with their landlord's consent. This puts much issues with the leadership of Novgorod and Muscovy, who think Pskov is just looking for a fight. The ruble is becoming more and more used and is becoming the unofficial currency of Russia. The idea of currency reform, to reform it to a decimal system is put out, in order to simplify much trade (even though it is already simple enough with multiples of 20). Zlatobrezhie becomes wealthier and wealthier as more people get used to over 100 years of Pskovian governance. A gunsmith introduces the first revolver, and it quickly becomes popular with both the officer class. A new bullet is invented, conical inside, and with the advent of industry, rifles become the norm for the Guard regiments, and will soon enter service for the regular forces. The growth of Socialism increases with each year. Disillusioned by the current state of things, a young deputee to the General Assembly from central Tartu, Kaarel Uluolts, takes upon himself the mantle of what he dubs "New Socialism". His popularity soars, and he, a non-aligned member of parliament, a few fellow non-aligned members, as well as four Industrialists and many Agrarians and Nationalists meet in the Konigsberg Hotel in Prussia. After much discussion, on the 14th of september the 43 deputees from various factions (or lack thereof) give a list of names, and a Party Constitution to the central party registrar. From this year forward, the Workers' and Farmers' New Socialist Party, led by Kaarel Uluolts, becomes the third registered Political Party in the Union. They chose orange as their party colour, and decide to sit with the opposition. This creates chaos amongst the government, as now twelve of the Nationalist Faction members have joined the NSP. This leads to a situation where the government is now only a plurality of seats. This leads to a confidence motion, which is barely defeated 584-416 due to the efforts by some non-aligned deputees, many of whom did not want elections this early.
 * Duchy of Oldenburg: Duke-Emperor Conrad dies this year after an illness. He dies peacefully, happy to have helped arrange the marriage of his grandson to Queen Mary. Work continues on the Osnabruck-Frankfurt line.
 * Reme: Reme begins to build up its military and economy. After a long, heated discussion of how Reme would governed, the tribal representatives (as well as notable Byzantine-Borealians) decide to create a republic, with a basic constitution that would be given basic rights to citizens of Reme. After these discussions, a rich Byzantine-Borealian named Stephanos Shawnee, and becomes the first President of Reme. Shawnee starts to upgrade trade and military services. However seeing Reme, a new nation, vulnerable to foreign attack, starts to encourage militarization of the west, and opens up to military alliances with other nations. Meanwhile trade is improved on, with industrialization, mainly former Byzantine areas slowly being introduced to populous areas. Lumber, cash crops, and other goods become a major export of Reme, and starts getting Reme a jump start into the European economy. Shawnee also commands the creation of a couple new navy ships, to help modernize the outdated Remian navy. Reme continues its current expansion into the Michigan peninsula, expanding another 150 pixels into it. Meanwhile, the idea of building coal mines come into mind, especially in the OTL West Virginian area. Coal mining plants are started to be worked on. Reme also starts very slowly changing its focus to industrial things, with a nation wide railroad being considered to be built. Reme incorporates the French territory of Rouenelle as a province of Reme, with Cahokie being designated as a territory of Reme. With this, French is now declared an official language of Reme, with Greek and French made mandatory for children in Reman schools. Construction in the railroad continues, with the two native states being declared war upon to fix the track and to oust from that area.


 * United German Kingdoms: New Mecklenburg in OTL Australia expands by 750 px. The realm mourns the passing of Emperor Conrad, and the flags are ordered to be set at half-mast. In Rostock this year, an inventor named Rudolph Lechfeld files a patent for a rotating gun turret, for use on naval ships. Intrigued, the navy hires him to help experiment with the technology. The ship selected for such is the SMS Captain, and it is put into drydock for the modifications.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire is now at a period of peace and prosperity after a long period of war and uncertainty. Roman trade routes stretch across most of the world in the pursuit of wealth and trade goods and Roman military might remains a powerful force in Europe and other parts of the world. The Roman central government does what it can to address all of the issues of the various archonates within the Empire and ensure that their needs are met even as they help instill strength in the central government. Railroads are constructed around the nation to help connect the Empire and its peoples and steamships are used for much the same purpose on water. One of the most important railroads constructed in the Empire is the Trans-Imperial Railway, stretching all the way from Patras in Achaea all the way to Alexandria in Egypt. The Railway is immense and not yet completed, but when it is will provide the people of the Empire a cheaper and safer means of travel to the various regions of the Empire as well as increase commerce and military deployment. Despite this success, the Empire continues to worry about some of its more restive or vulnerable archonates, and makes efforts to help solve that. A fort is constructed in Lutriwita, military garrisons are established in Syria, and a new harbor is constructed in Antillia. Because of the protests, a new political party is formed called the Fascist Party, after mobs of protestors walk with fasces in hand. The party soon springs to dominance, obtaining a large portion of the Senate in elections.
 * Lutriwita: The colony was relatively unaffected by the war, and as such life more or less continued on normally, although contact with the Empire was much less often than before. As such, the colony developed a sense of nationalism and independence in very much the same way that the other archonates did during the war. Luckily, the government in Constantinople realizes this and offers them the same representation rights that the archonates are now given in the Imperial Senate. This does much to ease any of the potential political issues at the present time.
 * Italy: Italy begins to recover from the war, and the local military and economy continues to grow and stabilize in the aftermath. The economy is largely built up with help from the central government, as the entire economy is in shambles and the central government is doing its best to help the entire Empire grow and interconnect better through economics. The Roman government begins a major drive to help improve the region and re-inforce its control. Forts are constructed around major cities like Naples, Rome, and Florence and a line of border posts and fortifications are constructed along the border with Lombardy. Railroads are constructed from Bari in the south to Ravenna in the north, connecting the two parts of the country together and easing travel for both civilians and military across the land.
 * Syria: The former capital region proves to be a considerable issue for the Roman occupation forces, as the region is full of Muslims but also a significant quantity of Christians. Roman forces establish themselves in the city of Antioch, which houses the largest Christian community of Syria, and from there they use military and economic power to heal the land and expand Roman control over taxation, military patrols, and infrastructure rebuilding. The population begins to see major changes since the fall of the Damascans. Many Muslims have either fled the area or have converted by this time, althouth there is still a sizable number of Muslims still living in Syria as well as other areas. Syrian Christians are integrated into the local government to help govern the area, and while many are opposed, a few Muslims are as well.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 100 sq km among both colonies into the Galapago Islands called Illes d'Neptune. The colonies continue growing as expected. The colony of Nouvelle Rouen continues to expand inland throughout the land corridor given by Cahokie by 9800 sq km. Mining continues in the colony of Nouvelle Orleans. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The king is outraged, for such freedom given to the Rhenish kingdom so much betrayal! In an act of sheer punishment he declares an all-out war against the rebels and the nobles he dispatches a coalition army of around 400,000 troops (from all around the empire) to quell the uprising. in the now called French Borealia, the displacement of small Spanish settlements begin, offering a free ride for them to return back into Castile, and exchange or sell their possessions in the colonies or swear allegiance to the King. Trinity colony expands by 700 sq km, a local uprising begins in Nouvelle Orleans city (OTL Cartagena de las Indias, Colombia) it soon spreads through the country to Coucut (OTL Cucuta) Sableville (in Falcon Venezuela) and St Joseph d'Bacatte (OTL Bogota) and Basse Nubou (shortened Nouvelle Bourdeaux, OTL Bucaramanga). Demanding the lowering of the taxes in the colony, and the granting of local self ruling, the King considers it, making a promise to do so within the next 30 years, thinking it to be far enough for the promise to be forgotten. The government agrees on giving the Californian state or region self rule recognizing its own right to determine its destiny, however, remaining a territory of the Borealian Domain. The colony of Emeraldia is given free state status with the official name of Etat-livre du Nouvelle Orleans.
 * Kingdom of Rhenanie: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Kingdom of Lower Burgundy: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Sardinia-Corsica: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The Sardinian language has lowered its usage to only 10% of the population of Sardinia (roughly 50,000 people) with the speaking African (43%) and French (38%) or Vandalian (9% African Rhenish German dialect) and with the vast majority being able to speak both African and French (that is more or less 85% of the nation's population). The population is stable at 500,000 people.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The African language has become the de facto leading language surpassing every other (outside of French) being spoken by the 2.3 million people living in the country as either native or second language. Vandalian, however, dominates area of Tripolitania's coast with a population of around 5000 speakers in the region. French is still the main language officially. Trading outposts begin to be made in the border of the country to trade with Tuareg and inland tribes. Sends supplies to the Rhenish War.
 * French Mali: Due to vast piracy campaigns which France and Spain have contributed to has resulted in many pirate coves in the Bissagos Islands, and as a result a larger influx of Frenchmen arrived this year, though they still don't even make up 1% yet. Ports continue to expand appropriately and the region becomes a place worth note on many maps. Roads continue being built to outlying villages and plantations continue being built.
 * Artois: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure and navy are built up. The nation prepares an army for the conflict in Britannia.
 * Free City of Danzig: The military, economy, infrastructure, and navy are built up, Danzig asks for an alliance with the current Prussian and Polish government.
 * Ruthenia: The Ruthenians continue to make infrastructure repairs and upgrades to their new territory. The Tartar architecture of the East continues to influence the Ruthenians.
 * In Aragon the nation continues to prosper as a center of the arts and learning. The construction of new buildings, roads and other infrastructure continues. Aragonese merchants and emissaries continue to sail around the world to expand the reach of Aragon in terms of wealth and diplomatic connections. Aragon also becomes a place where artists and intellectual minds meet and do things. It is cool. Due to the regrowth of the economy, new jobs created in the three major cities lead to more people moving to the cities. Stronger cements are produced, whatever that means, leading to the construction of some taller buildings, especially in the major cities such as Zaragoza and Valencia. A rail link between Zaragoza and Madrid is proposed. With the advent of steam power, factories begin to be built and stuff. Textile mills, cloth factories and other places begin to harness steam power to do more things faster, which creates more jobs that people move to cities to get. Industrialization is gaining speed. The construction of ships and weaponry continues. Aragon takes all the people from Edgistan.

1859
'''An Italian man by the name of Alfonso Abandonato begins to rally against the House of De Luca. These rallies remain small in scale, though Abandonato draws his influence from the writings of Spinelli.'''

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 * United German Kingdoms: New Mecklenburg in OTL Australia expands by 750 px. Construction of the Osnabruck-Frankfurt railroad continues, as does the expansion of railroads to the other major cities. Telegraph lines also criss cross the nation. The SMS Captain completes its modification with a prototype rotating gun turret, and begins trials to determine its effectiveness.


 * Sultanate of Bengal: Sultan Timur Ashraf Shah was proclaimed the Sultan of the Sultanate of Bengal on 1849, and he initiated his rule over the Sultanate soon after. The Bengali population rose about 80.2 million, mostly due to the large influx of Bengali immigrants coming from former Bengali crown vassals, for the economic opportunity was on the rise. The Empire officially began a reform of the economic system looking to bail the economy out of crisis from war debt, and the bullion was geared toward giving the empire a competitive edge in being able to invest millions on a whim in order to drive up investments and production. A new and strict tax system was established, based off the Sharia law, a decision lauded by the largely conservative populace. The monarchy also implemented a new currency system which was to be the well-regulated silver-based Bengali Tanki. Meanwhile, the Bengali military was divided into a Naval Force, Land Force and an Imperial Guard with each having their appointed head, answerable to the Sultan. The Bengali navy experimented its first ironclads and began further development of its new larger classes of steam engine ships, churning out first rate flagships for various fleets, and more third rates, and fourth rates with the occasional second rate to augment the smaller patrol fleets, the fifth and sixth rates began to become more standard as light and medium frigates for singular voyages and patrols among other things. For the land force, a standardized army of roughly 300,000 was raised with soldiers armed with modern rifles and with cannons to be used as the ideal seige equipment. The infantry was also equipped with daggers and swords, although the latter were usually ceremonial. The land forces acted to prevent any foreign incursion into Bengal whilst the Imperial Guard existed to thwart any attempt by revolutionaries to abolish the Sultanate. Given the lack of supply of armaments from Europe, many armament companies were established at local as well as national level which served national interests, as they actively engaged in production of firearms. In agriculture was the largest economic focus of Bengal, selling such goods as rice, wheat, maize, potatoes, indigo, opium, wheat, cannabis and other crops to European merchants as well as Indian. However, jute and muslin in particular, served as the most important exports of Bengal given the general need for such in Europe. The flocking of populations to Bengal coastal cities continued, with a mass increase of population in Visakhapatnam, Calcutta, Bhubaneswar, and various other minor cities and townships throughout the south. Of particular importance was the city of Calcutta which was established as the new capital of Bengal, replacing Pandua. Thus, with the constant inflow of manpower towards the coast, the Sultanate expanded upon its shipbuilding and fishery industry, and actively exploited the riches of the Bay of Bengal as it had been established as a virtual Bengali lake, with little to no opposition faced from Burma or Vijaynagar. Indeed, Bengal served as the principle centres of industry in the world. Along the same time, the Bengali Renaissance was in full swing with movements such as the Young Bengal movement established that espoused rationalism and atheism as the common denominators of civil conduct amongst the educated masses. The monarchy generally co-operated with the upholders of the renaissance, and brought forth social reforms in order to disband various backward practices such as belief in 'Priests' possessing powers which was termed shirk. Along the same time, education and scientific research was promoted amongst the masses, with schools and colleges constructed throughout the Sultanate. International-standard universities were also constructed at Kolkata, Pauda, Gaur and Visakhapatnam in order for Bengal to advance ahead of other Indian states and maintain a particular pace as the world entered into the stage of industrialization. However, it was the Bengali literature that reached its Golden Age with hundreds of poets and scholars sprouting throughout the Sultanate. The Sultanate itself promoted Urdu as well as Bengali, however it was generally the former which entered into its zenith since Urdu was largely used amongst the elites. The positive attitude of the populace towards industrialization aided in promoting it, with a railroad and telephone system established which connected the Sultanate and eased transportation and communication. Along the same time, Bengali influence steadily grew in Jaunpur with extensive co-operation and trade between the two states. The Sultan suffers a heart attack and dies. He is succeeded by Timur Ashraf Shah. [Mil/Eco Turn]
 * Khedivate of Bahamani: Prince Imran Ashraf Shah married the daughter of Ibrahim Adil Shah, establishing a dynastic union between Bahamani and Bengal. The population of Bahamani stood at 25.1 million. Under their rule, construction for a new capital at Hyderabad was initiated. The Bengali Tanki was also imposed upon Bahamani as the new currency, and the trans-railroad system established in Bengal was extended into Bahamani. The Bahamani military was modernized, standing at roughly 80,000 and a major port and naval base was constructed at Mahmudpur, the latter which would act to maintain Bengali presence in the Arabian Sea. In the economic sector, rice played the role as a major food crop to be exported. However, other important crops such as cotton, sugar cane, mango and tobacco maintained a major presence in Bahamanis exports as well. Along the same time, the Bahamani textile industry reached new heights.
 * Ruthenia: The Ruthenians continue to make infrastructure repairs and upgrades to their new territory. The Tartar architecture of the East continues to influence the Ruthenians.
 * The Caliphate: Drastically develops military and the economy of the nation. We begin to construct the nation to its previous extent and glory. In addition to this endeavour, we start to garrison more men on our eastern borders, in addition to our border with the Roman Empire. Also, we try to influence the Persian Gulf trade to our control, in opposition to the Persians. We improve Mecca every year, donating a significant part of our treasury to the Holy City. As our steady population increases, so does our economy. A significant number of ships are built for our fleet. As we also begin to modernize our army, we improve the many cities of the Caliphate, specifically in Yemen and Iraq. The war against Persia wraps up to an end.
 * Korea: Korea continues to build up its military. Meanwhile, more Taoist, Neo-Confucian and Buddhist temples are built. Taoism rises in popularity and gains more followers. Regular (read: not Imperial) Shinto gains a few more followers as well, mainly along the coastline in Southeastern Korea, particularly in Busan, Jejudo, Ulsan, and the coastal cities and coastal towns of Southern Gyeongsang Province. Mahayana Tao-Shintoism also continues to grow, and begins gaining followers from the areas where Shinto is growing, with some Shintoists switching to Mahayana Tao-Shintoism. The military in the colony of Haejagang (해자강) continues to be on high alert and continues to heavily patrol the Korean settlements.
 * Mexaca: Begins consolidating the gains from California, and maintains a standing army of about 50,000, but more are in reserve. The economy grows stronger.
 * Morocco: The Kingdom of Morocco continues to improve its economy, infrastructure and build up its military. Morocco continues to westernize the nation and population continues to grow. The nation expands by 10,000 sq km to keep it stronger and independent, with a few new cities built and roads built between old and new cities. More schools and houses are built and technology improves as well. Industry continues improving to become one of best works in Morocco, mostly new are built in largest populated areas of Morocco. Sunni Islam rises in popularity and gains more followers. In science news, Afulay Nobeli (OTL Alfred Nobel) became a Moroccan chemist and innovator by inventing Gelignite that is now used in PMIII world.
 * Andea: The Nationals win elections this year. Kurillianka, age 77, remains on the throne. The Nationals continue to reduce the power of the monarchy and increase the power of the Buenos Noches Congress and Council. Andeans begin to flock to Osea to gain new opportunities in industry and agriculture. Population stands at 28 million and rising slowly, due to the rapid migration of Andean's away from Andea proper. The Government continues to expand the industry and railroads of the nation, supporting the growth through government aid. The nation continues to lead the Second Hesperian League, and incorporates Osea into the Buenos Noches Council. They are granted six seats, and the size of the council is adjusted acordingly. In total, 100,000 Andeans enter Osea this year. Neo-Hesperianism emerges from the University of Cuzco. This school of thought calls for greater unity between Andea and her satellites, as opposed to the older schools of thought. In general, many Andeans begin to support Union. As Andeans flock to Osea, Apeac and Vorlayacor, they carry this support for union with them. Work on the transcontinental railroad continues, with the process expected to take 20 to 30 years.
 * ​Osean Confederation: The nation is nearly leveled by the war. In total, 53% of the nations infrastructure was destroyed over the course of the 14-year long civil war and almost one million civilians were killed. The population stands at nearly 5.6 million, with more Andeans entering the nation each year. The Mestizo culture begins to take hold in Andea, as the New World and Old World meld together. Osea continues rebuilding, with the effort being driven by Andean capital. Oseans themselves are treated as equals within Osea, with many local leaders working with the Andeans for the rebuilding effort. Osea itself is dividing into ten republics, under the banner of a confederation. The ten Republics are, in decreasing order of population: Buenos Aires (one million), North Osea (900,000), South Osea (800,000), Uruguay (850,000), Cordoba (600,000), San Salvacion (400,000), Bolivia (350,000), Granada (250,000), Santiago (100,000) and Paraguay (80,000). The Republic of Osea is divided into North and South Osea. The Andeans continue to work with the local governments on the rebuilding process. Universities are planned, with hopes to attract more settlers from Andea. Industry is built up to attract low skill workers in search of jobs. Spaniards who desire to do so are allowed to leave the nation free of charge, with monetary reimbursment from Andea. Roughly 80,000 this year take this offer. A famine breaks out late this year in Buenos Aires,
 * Andean Overseas Territories: The Falkland Islands, under direct control of the Andean Military, prove to be a strategic location in protecting Vorlayacor's coast line. A military force of 35,000 is stationed on the islands.
 * Kingdom of Apeac: Military, economy and navy improve. Population stands at 400,000, as Andean settlers come in, seeking more land then they can get in their homeland. 4000 militiamen remain activated in the territory. 20,000 Andean military men remain active in the territory. Andean Settlers meet resistance from Mataco raiders, who attack settlements on the frontier. The nation mobilizes against Southern Osea.
 * Vorlayacor: Military, economy and navy improve. The nation sees a massive expansion of its infrastructure, with the Royal family owning much of the nation's infrastructure. Population stands at seven million. Military stands at 25,000 active men, with another 20,000 in reserve. Andean military bases have 35,000 men stationed. The Mapuche National Front pushes for independence. The Mapuche national front declares Vorlayacor independent from Andea, and launch several co-ordinated attacks on Andean Military bases and Loyalist bases. They prepare to march on the Roman Military stationed in the territory.
 * Tartary: The economy and military of Tartary are developed this year. Farming is the largest industry throughout the nation. The nation continues to develop cities. The population of Tartary continues to become larger. Tartary looks to establish an alliance with Scandinavia. We continue to expand 1000 px northeast. The Emperor position is re-established, and Alexis I becomes the Emperor.
 * Great Perm: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Azov: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bukhara: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bajkal: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Khiva: We build up our military and economy.
 * Kingdom of Parthia: We build up our military and economy.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire is now at a period of peace and prosperity after a long period of war and uncertainty. Roman trade routes stretch across most of the world in the pursuit of wealth and trade goods and Roman military might remains a powerful force in Europe and other parts of the world. The Roman central government does what it can to address all of the issues of the various archonates within the Empire and ensure that their needs are met even as they help instill strength in the central government. Railroads are constructed around the nation to help connect the Empire and its peoples and steamships are used for much the same purpose on water. One of the most important railroads constructed in the Empire is the Trans-Imperial Railway, stretching all the way from Patras in Achaea all the way to Alexandria in Egypt. The Railway is immense and not yet completed, but when it is will provide the people of the Empire a cheaper and safer means of travel to the various regions of the Empire as well as increase commerce and military deployment. Despite this success, the Empire continues to worry about some of its more restive or vulnerable archonates, and makes efforts to help solve that. A fort is constructed in Lutriwita, military garrisons are established in Syria, and a new harbor is constructed in Antillia. Because of the protests, a new political party is formed called the Fascist Party, after mobs of protestors walk with fasces in hand. The party soon springs to dominance, obtaining a large portion of the Senate in elections.
 * Lutriwita: The colony was relatively unaffected by the war, and as such life more or less continued on normally, although contact with the Empire was much less often than before. As such, the colony developed a sense of nationalism and independence in very much the same way that the other archonates did during the war. Luckily, the government in Constantinople realizes this and offers them the same representation rights that the archonates are now given in the Imperial Senate. This does much to ease any of the potential political issues at the present time.
 * Italy: Italy begins to recover from the war, and the local military and economy continues to grow and stabilize in the aftermath. The economy is largely built up with help from the central government, as the entire economy is in shambles and the central government is doing its best to help the entire Empire grow and interconnect better through economics. The Roman government begins a major drive to help improve the region and re-inforce its control. Forts are constructed around major cities like Naples, Rome and Florence and a line of border posts and fortifications are constructed along the border with Lombardy. Railroads are constructed from Bari in the south to Ravenna in the north, connecting the two parts of the country together and easing travel for both civilians and military across the land.
 * Syria: The former capital region proves to be a considerable issue for the Roman occupation forces, as the region is full of Muslims but also a significant quantity of Christians. Roman forces establish themselves in the city of Antioch, which houses the largest Christian community of Syria, and from there they use military and economic power to heal the land and expand Roman control over taxation, military patrols and infrastructure rebuilding. The population begins to see major changes since the fall of the Damascans. Many Muslims have either fled the area or have converted by this time, althouth there is still a sizable number of Muslims still living in Syria as well as other areas. Syrian Christians are integrated into the local government to help govern the area, and while many are opposed, a few Muslims are as well.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 100 sq km among both colonies into the Galapago Islands called Illes d'Neptune. The colonies continue growing as expected. The colony of Nouvelle Rouen continues to expand inland throughout the land corridor given by Cahokie by 9800 sq km. Mining continues in the colony of Nouvelle Orleans. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The king is outraged, for such freedom given to the Rhenish kingdom so much betrayal! In an act of sheer punishment he declares an all-out war against the rebels and the nobles he dispatches a coalition army of around 400,000 troops (from all around the empire) to quell the uprising. in the now called French Borealia, the displacement of small Spanish settlements begin, offering a free ride for them to return back into Castile, and exchange or sell their possessions in the colonies or swear allegiance to the King. Trinity colony expands by 700 sq km, a local uprising begins in Nouvelle Orleans city (OTL Cartagena de las Indias, Colombia) it soon spreads through the country to Coucut (OTL Cucuta) Sableville (in Falcon Venezuela) and St Joseph d'Bacatte (OTL Bogota) and Basse Nubou (shortened Nouvelle Bourdeaux, OTL Bucaramanga). Demanding the lowering of the taxes in the colony, and the granting of local self ruling, the King considers it, making a promise to do so within the next 30 years, thinking it to be far enough for the promise to be forgotten. The government agrees on giving the Californian state or region self rule recognizing its own right to determine its destiny, however, remaining a territory of the Borealian Domain. The colony of Emeraldia is given free state status with the official name of Etat-livre du Nouvelle Orleans.
 * Kingdom of Rhenanie: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Kingdom of Lower Burgundy: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Sardinia-Corsica: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The Sardinian language has lowered its usage to only 10% of the population of Sardinia (roughly 50,000 people) with the speaking African (43%) and French (38%) or Vandalian (9% African Rhenish German dialect) and with the vast majority being able to speak both African and French (that is more or less 85% of the nation's population). The population is stable at 500,000 people.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The African language has become the de facto leading language surpassing every other (outside of French) being spoken by the 2.3 million people living in the country as either native or second language. Vandalian, however, dominates area of Tripolitania's coast with a population of around 5000 speakers in the region. French is still the main language officially. Trading outposts begin to be made in the border of the country to trade with Tuareg and inland tribes. Sends supplies to the Rhenish War.
 * French Mali: Due to vast piracy campaigns which France and Spain have contributed to has resulted in many pirate coves in the Bissagos Islands, and as a result a larger influx of Frenchmen arrived this year, though they still don't even make up 1% yet. Ports continue to expand appropriately and the region becomes a place worth note on many maps. Roads continue being built to outlying villages and plantations continue being built.
 * Artois: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure and navy are built up. The nation prepares an army for the conflict in Britannia.
 * Free City of Danzig: The military, economy, infrastructure, and navy are built up, Danzig asks for an alliance with the current Prussian and Polish government.
 * Algonquia: Continues its military buildup after the conquest of Arcadia. Several Atlantic ports are built up as naval bases and heavily fortified to enforce Algonquian naval dominance of its immediate surroundings. Two new hundred-gun steamships are launched from shipyards in St Johns and Kebec to act as the flagships of the new navy. Some naval strategists wonder if even these ships will soon become obsolete, however, with the rumoured advent of ironclads in Europe. Europeans, encouraged by financial incentives, continue to flee Algonquia and return to their homelands. Algonquia continues to expand its overseas trade, with merchants opening trade routes to Africa and even into the Indian Ocean. Algonquian diplomats leave this year to visit the Zulu.
 * Labrador: Enraged by land confiscations, the Brittannic population of Labrador rises in revolt, massacring several hundred Algonquian troops and seizing numerous towns. Much of the ethnic Scandinavian population remains loyal, however, and the revolt stalls and is halted by local militias. With overcrowding already rampant, the revolt disrupts harvests and food imports, provoking a crushing famine in the revolting areas, only exacerbated by interethnic strife. By December, the revolt has collapsed as mobs of desperate looters rome the countryside and disease runs rampant. The mostly European population of these areas flees wholesale into Reman Arcadia or by ship. Algonquian troops keep the famine under control in most areas they control, provoking a rush of goodwill toward the government.
 * In the Grand Union (Pskov), the GDP rises along with average wages. The Inter-Republic Road network is expanded. The Science and technology aspect of Pskov is not overlooked either. As prosperity in the nation increases, the amount of money and new people investing in institutions of higher learning. As such, the various schools that existed in Nizhegorodsk-Na-Narve unite and form the "University of Nizhegorodsk", beginning a rivalry between it and Pskov. The Pskovians want to encourage emigration from Russia, and are somewhat more successful with the Muscovite serfs, who can move around freely with their landlord's consent. This puts much issues with the leadership of Novgorod and Muscovy, who think Pskov is just looking for a fight. The ruble is becoming more and more used and is becoming the unofficial currency of Russia. The idea of currency reform, to reform it to a decimal system is put out, in order to simplify much trade (even though it is already simple enough with multiples of 20). Zlatobrezhie becomes wealthier and wealthier as more people get used to over 100 years of Pskovian governance. A gunsmith introduces the first revolver, and it quickly becomes popular with both the officer class. A new bullet is invented, conical inside, and with the advent of industry, rifles become the norm for the Guard regiments, and will soon enter service for the regular forces. The growth of Socialism increases with each year. Disillusioned by the current state of things, a young deputee to the General Assembly from central Tartu, Kaarel Uluolts, takes upon himself the mantle of what he dubs "New Socialism". His popularity soars, and he, a non-aligned member of parliament, a few fellow non-aligned members, as well as four Industrialists and many Agrarians and Nationalists meet in the Konigsberg Hotel in Prussia. After much discussion, on the 14th of september the 43 deputees from various factions (or lack thereof) give a list of names, and a Party Constitution to the central party registrar. From this year forward, the Workers' and Farmers' New Socialist Party, led by Kaarel Uluolts, becomes the third registered Political Party in the Union. They chose orange as their party colour, and decide to sit with the opposition. This creates chaos amongst the government, as now twelve of the Nationalist Faction members have joined the NSP. This leads to a situation where the government is now only a plurality of seats. This leads to a confidence motion, which is barely defeated 584-416 due to the efforts by some non-aligned deputees, many of whom did not want elections this early. This year, Vladimir Rasputin dies unexpectedly. Instead of a new election, on the 31st of May Feodor Timofeevich Prokazov is chosen as the new Leader of the National Conservative party, and subsequently appointed as First Senator. One of his first acts of parliament is to being to set up a "International Slavic Congress", and invites representatives from all slavic nations to join a celebration of traditions that unite all slavs in Pskov. This is done in part to cater to some nationalist sentiment, and unite the NSP once again after its disaster last election.
 * In Aragon the nation continues to prosper as a center of the arts and learning. The construction of new buildings, roads and other infrastructure continues. Aragonese merchants and emissaries continue to sail around the world to expand the reach of Aragon in terms of wealth and diplomatic connections. Aragon also becomes a place where artists and intellectual minds meet and do things. It is cool. Due to the regrowth of the economy, new jobs created in the three major cities lead to more people moving to the cities. Stronger cements are produced, whatever that means, leading to the construction of some taller buildings, especially in the major cities such as Zaragoza and Valencia. A rail link between Zaragoza and Madrid is proposed. With the advent of steam power, factories begin to be built and stuff. Textile mills, cloth factories and other places begin to harness steam power to do more things faster, which creates more jobs that people move to cities to get. Industrialization is gaining speed. The construction of ships and weaponry continues. Aragon takes all the people from Edgistan.

1860
Abandonato continues to increase his influence in northern Italy, mostly in the city of Pisa.


 * Reme: Reme begins to build up its military and economy. After a long, heated discussion of how Reme would be governed, the tribal representatives (as well as notable Byzantine-Borealians) decide to create a republic, with a basic constitution that would be given basic rights to citizens of Reme. After these discussions, a rich Byzantine-Borealian named Stephanos Shawnee, and becomes the first President of Reme. Shawnee starts to upgrade trade and military services. However seeing Reme, a new nation, vulnerable to foreign attack, starts to encourage militarization of the west, and opens up to military alliances with other nations. Meanwhile, trade is improved on, with industrialization, mainly former Byzantine areas slowly being introduced to populous areas. Lumber, cash crops, and other goods become a major export of Reme, and starts getting Reme a jump-start into the European economy. Shawnee also commands the creation of a couple new navy ships, to help modernize the outdated Remian navy. Reme continues it's current expansion into the Michigan peninsula, expanding another 150 pixels into it. Meanwhile, the idea of building coal mines come into mind, especially in the OTL West Virginian area. Coal mining plants are started to be worked on. Reme also starts very slowly changing it's focus to industrial things, with a nation wide railroad being considered to be built. Reme incorporates the French territory of Rouenelle as a province of Reme, with Cahokie being designated as a territory of Reme. With this, French is now declared an official language of Reme, with Greek and French made mandatory for children in Reman schools. Construction in the railroad continues, with the two native states being declared war upon to fix the track and to oust from that area. Jayson Chistakos, a politican, gains popularity, and gains influence thorugout the Republic. He eventually wins the election called for by the population and becomes the first Emperor of Reme. Jayson's first action is to immediately start industrializing river areas, and to mass produce textiles to cheaper the price of Reman cotton products. Jayson also demands that the Mexica border be fortified, since the nation poses a threat to the safety of Reme. Jayson also demands that Reme starts militarializing these areas, as well as the border with Arcadia. Reme also sends a diplomat to Byzantium, who wishes for the nation to recognize the soviernty of Reme and to drop claims to the nation. Reme, along with Algonquia, declares war on Arcadia and invades on another front.


 * United German Kingdoms: New Mecklenburg in OTL Australia expands by 750 px. 1860 sees the first parliamentary elections where there is an organized political party, the Socialists. The socialists campaign on a platform calling for the nationalization of the growing businesses and corporations, confiscation of wealth over a certain amount, and redistribution among the lower classes. King Mary openly denounces the socialists, calling them "...a threat to the very way of life of Hamburgs citizens." Mary's popularity among the commoners further helps her point. Only seven seats in the 525 seat House of Commons fall to the socialists. In response, opposing political parties are formed. The Crown Loyalists and Conservative parties, center-right and right respectively, prove to become to the largest with a combined seat count of 306. They subsequently form the first coalition government. Together with the smaller Centrist, the center-right coalition controls 341 seats. In June, the SMS Meteor catches fire and burns in its drydock. While the wooden hull is a loss, the steam engines, among other things, are salvageable. The wreck remains in the drydock, while a rather curios dock captain rents it out for his own business.


 * Sultanate of Bengal: Sultan Timur Ashraf Shah was proclaimed the Sultan of the Sultanate of Bengal on 1859, and he initiated his rule over the Sultanate soon after. The Bengali population rose about 80.5 million, mostly due to the large influx of Bengali immigrants coming from former Bengali crown vassals, for the economic opportunity was on the rise. The Empire officially began a reform of the economic system looking to bail the economy out of crisis from war debt, and the bullion was geared toward giving the empire a competitive edge in being able to invest millions on a whim in order to drive up investments and production. A new and strict tax system was established, based off the Sharia law, a decision lauded by the largely conservative populace. The monarchy also implemented a new currency system which was to be the well-regulated silver-based Bengali Tanki. Meanwhile, the Bengali military was divided into a Naval Force, Land Force and an Imperial Guard with each having their appointed head, answerable to the Sultan. The Bengali navy experimented its first ironclads and began further development of its new larger classes of steam engine ships, churning out first rate flagships for various fleets, and more third rates, and fourth rates with the occasional second rate to augment the smaller patrol fleets, the fifth and sixth rates began to become more standard as light and medium frigates for singular voyages and patrols among other things. For the land force, a standardized army of roughly 300,000 was raised with soldiers armed with modern rifles and with cannons to be used as the ideal seige equipment. The infantry was also equipped with daggers and swords, although the latter were usually ceremonial. The land forces acted to prevent any foreign incursion into Bengal whilst the Imperial Guard existed to thwart any attempt by revolutionaries to abolish the Sultanate. Given the lack of supply of armaments from Europe, many armament companies were established at local as well as national level which served national interests, as they actively engaged in production of firearms. In agriculture was the largest economic focus of Bengal, selling such goods as rice, wheat, maize, potatoes, indigo, opium, wheat, cannabis and other crops to European merchants as well as Indian. However, jute and muslin in particular, served as the most important exports of Bengal given the general need for such in Europe. The flocking of populations to Bengal coastal cities continued, with a mass increase of population in Visakhapatnam, Calcutta, Bhubaneswar, and various other minor cities and townships throughout the south. Of particular importance was the city of Calcutta which was established as the new capital of Bengal, replacing Pandua. Thus, with the constant inflow of manpower towards the coast, the Sultanate expanded upon its shipbuilding and fishery industry, and actively exploited the riches of the Bay of Bengal as it had been established as a virtual Bengali lake, with little to no opposition faced from Burma or Vijaynagar. Indeed, Bengal served as the principle centres of industry in the world. Along the same time, the Bengali Renaissance was in full swing with movements such as the Young Bengal movement established that espoused rationalism and atheism as the common denominators of civil conduct amongst the educated masses. The monarchy generally co-operated with the upholders of the renaissance, and brought forth social reforms in order to disband various backward practices such as belief in 'Priests' possessing powers which was termed shirk. Along the same time, education and scientific research was promoted amongst the masses, with schools and colleges constructed throughout the Sultanate. International-standard universities were also constructed at Kolkata, Pauda, Gaur and Visakhapatnam in order for Bengal to advance ahead of other Indian states and maintain a particular pace as the world entered into the stage of industrialization. However, it was the Bengali literature that reached its Golden Age with hundreds of poets and scholars sprouting throughout the Sultanate. The Sultanate itself promoted Urdu as well as Bengali, however it was generally the former which entered into its zenith since Urdu was largely used amongst the elites. The positive attitude of the populace towards industrialization aided in promoting it, with a railroad and telephone system established which connected the Sultanate and eased transportation and communication. Along the same time, Bengali influence steadily grew in Jaunpur with extensive co-operation and trade between the two states. A formal dynastic union is established with Jaunpur given that the current Bengali Sultan is in marriage with the daughter of the Jaunpuri Sultan. [Mil/Eco Turn]
 * Khedivate of Bahamani: Prince Imran Ashraf Shah married the daughter of Ibrahim Adil Shah, establishing a dynastic union between Bahamani and Bengal. The population of Bahamani stood at 25.1 million. Under their rule, construction for a new capital at Hyderabad was initiated. The Bengali Tanki was also imposed upon Bahamani as the new currency, and the trans-railroad system established in Bengal was extended into Bahamani. The Bahamani military was modernized, standing at roughly 80,000 and a major port and naval base was constructed at Mahmudpur, the latter which would act to maintain Bengali presence in the Arabian Sea. In the economic sector, rice played the role as a major food crop to be exported. However, other important crops such as cotton, sugar cane, mango and tobacco maintained a major presence in Bahamanis exports as well. Along the same time, the Bahamani textile industry reached new heights.


 * Tibet: Not much happens. More rights are given to the people. We seek good relations with China. Improves tech and military
 * Korea: Korea continues to build up its military. Meanwhile, more Taoist, Neo-Confucian and Buddhist temples are built. Taoism rises in popularity and gains more followers. Regular (read: not Imperial) Shinto gains a few more followers as well, mainly along the coastline in Southeastern Korea, particularly in Busan, Jejudo, Ulsan, and the coastal cities and coastal towns of Southern Gyeongsang Province. Mahayana Tao-Shintoism also continues to grow, and begins gaining followers from the areas where Shinto is growing, with some Shintoists switching to Mahayana Tao-Shintoism. The military in the colony of Haejagang (해자강) continues to be on high alert and continues to heavily patrol the Korean settlements.


 * Algonquia: Continues its military buildup after the conquest of Arcadia. Several Atlantic ports are built up as naval bases and heavily fortified to enforce Algonquian naval dominance of its immediate surroundings. New ships of the line are launched, while new gun found ires open to supply them. Some naval strategists wonder if even these ships will soon become obsolete, however, with the rumoured advent of ironclads in Europe. Europeans, encouraged by financial incentives, continue to flee Algonquia and return to their homelands. Algonquia continues to expand its overseas trade, with merchants opening trade routes to Africa and even into the Indian Ocean. Algonquian diplomats leave this year to visit the Zulu.
 * Labrador: The revolt collapses but the famine continues. Algonquian troops gradually regain control of the area, putting down looters and re-establishing order, as well as distributing food. Somewhat more food and help makes its way to the native population than to the European one. The property of those who revolted is seized, and they are either executed, deported, or resettled in the Arctic. Public support, even among Europeans, is universal for this policy, as they are blamed for the famine. The leader, Albert Westinghouse, is publicly shot. As the famine begins to settle down toward the end of the year, the government begins to resettle Beothuk (who have emigrated from Newfoundland) and other Algonquians in the now empty land.
 * Ruthenia: The Ruthenians continue to make infrastructure repairs and upgrades to their new territory. The Tartar architecture of the East continues to influence the Ruthenians.
 * Morocco: The Kingdom of Morocco continues to improve its economy, infrastructure and build up its military. Morocco continues to westernize the nation and population continues to grow. The nation expands by 10,000 sq km to keep it stronger and independent, with a few new cities built and roads built between old and new cities. More schools and houses are built and technology improves as well. Industry continues improving to become one of best works in Morocco, mostly new are built in largest populated areas of Morocco. Sunni Islam rises in popularity and gains more followers. As the nation westernizes, the first railway line between Casablanca and Marrakesh is opened in Morocco for first time and the first newly built Moroccan train is built by Ruqayyah Stellim Co. in Berrechid. This begins the Railroad age in Morocco.
 * Mexaca: Begins establishing our control over the land taken from California. Economy growth continues and plans are laid for roadworks to be constructed throughout Mexaca. An alliance is offered to Reme with the hope that it will aid in the conquest of Belize. We ask to establish trade with most of our neighbours and begin building ports on the East coast.
 * Duchy of Oldenburg: The railway to Frankfurt is complete with the trip between the two Imperial Capitals now a matter of mere hours. The military, somewhat neglected of late, is expanded by order of the new Duke, who spent many years in the army.
 * BoraliaFlag.pngCommonwealth of Borealia: Both the military and economy improve. The continual industrial revolution has led to an increasing birth rate. Recent theories on economics and agriculture have led to the expansion of businesses at an exponential rate, including various forms of manufacturing, mining and printing. Machines using steam power are also popular, as the first factories appear. Some of these businesses are also internationally based, buying and selling to the neighboring colonies of France, Britain and Scandinavia, as well as the sovereign states of Reme, Arcadia, Aragon, Algonquia and Germany. The most productive of these businesses is the buffalo industry, monopolized by a few companies based in Kristallstadt (OTL Salt Lake City). The professional army and cavalry are continually trained, while the forts on both borders are expanded and new artillery is manufactured. Rifles are now standard equipment across the military. Caravels and frigates fitted with steam engines are constructed while coastal merchant trade expands across the Pacific, particularly in Hawaii. The University of New Vienna continues to produce new intellectuals and engineers. The world's first oil drill in constructed in the coastal mountains, but most experts scoff at it. Railroads for steam engines begin to be built to span many cities across the plains. As military and diplomatic support is sent to Reme, the curia also offers to mass manufacture raw materials from them and sell bison products. A massive amount of gold is struck in California, followed by a second wave in Alaska three months later. By the end of the year, the economy of San Francisco begins to rival that of Kristallstadt, and the immigrant population of Alaska continues to climb. A census this year has found the population to be 30 million. We offer to purchase the colony of New Bavaria for a total of 1.8 million Reichsthalers. Outraged by the mismanagement of the Californian earthquake, the Romanesque movement erupts into demonstrations across many major cities in the country. Seeing that the republic of California is not stable enough to properly protect itself from invasion, the Commonwealth completely annexes the region.
 * Tartary: The economy and military of Tartary are developed this year. Farming is the largest industry throughout the nation. The nation continues to develop cities. The population of Tartary continues to become larger. Tartary looks to establish an alliance with Scandinavia. We continue to expand 1000 px northeast. The Emperor position is re-established, and Alexis I becomes the Emperor.
 * Great Perm: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Azov: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bukhara: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bajkal: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Khiva: We build up our military and economy.
 * Kingdom of Parthia: We build up our military and economy.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire is now at a period of peace and prosperity after a long period of war and uncertainty. Roman trade routes stretch across most of the world in the pursuit of wealth and trade goods and Roman military might remains a powerful force in Europe and other parts of the world. The Roman central government does what it can to address all of the issues of the various archonates within the Empire and ensure that their needs are met even as they help instill strength in the central government. Railroads are constructed around the nation to help connect the Empire and its peoples and steamships are used for much the same purpose on water. One of the most important railroads constructed in the Empire is the Trans-Imperial Railway, stretching all the way from Patras in Achaea all the way to Alexandria in Egypt. The Railway is immense and not yet completed, but when it is will provide the people of the Empire a cheaper and safer means of travel to the various regions of the Empire as well as increase commerce and military deployment. Despite this success, the Empire continues to worry about some of its more restive or vulnerable archonates, and makes efforts to help solve that. A fort is constructed in Lutriwita, military garrisons are established in Syria, and a new harbor is constructed in Antillia. Because of the protests, a new political party is formed called the Fascist Party, after mobs of protestors walk with fasces in hand. The party soon springs to dominance, obtaining a large portion of the Senate in elections.
 * Lutriwita: The colony was relatively unaffected by the war, and as such life more or less continued on normally, although contact with the Empire was much less often than before. As such, the colony developed a sense of nationalism and independence in very much the same way that the other archonates did during the war. Luckily, the government in Constantinople realizes this and offers them the same representation rights that the archonates are now given in the Imperial Senate. This does much to ease any of the potential political issues at the present time.
 * Italy: Italy begins to recover from the war, and the local military and economy continues to grow and stabilize in the aftermath. The economy is largely built up with help from the central government, as the entire economy is in shambles and the central government is doing its best to help the entire Empire grow and interconnect better through economics. The Roman government begins a major drive to help improve the region and re-inforce its control. Forts are constructed around major cities like Naples, Rome, and Florence and a line of border posts and fortifications are constructed along the border with Lombardy. Railroads are constructed from Bari in the south to Ravenna in the north, connecting the two parts of the country together and easing travel for both civilians and military across the land.
 * Syria: The former capital region proves to be a considerable issue for the Roman occupation forces, as the region is full of Muslims but also a significant quantity of Christians. Roman forces establish themselves in the city of Antioch, which houses the largest Christian community of Syria, and from there they use military and economic power to heal the land and expand Roman control over taxation, military patrols, and infrastructure rebuilding. The population begins to see major changes since the fall of the Damascans. Many Muslims have either fled the area or have converted by this time, althouth there is still a sizable number of Muslims still living in Syria as well as other areas. Syrian Christians are integrated into the local government to help govern the area, and while many are opposed, a few Muslims are as well.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 100 sq km among both colonies into the Galapago Islands called Illes d'Neptune. The colonies continue growing as expected. The colony of Nouvelle Rouen continues to expand inland throughout the land corridor given by Cahokie by 9800 sq km. Mining continues in the colony of Nouvelle Orleans. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The king is outraged, for such freedom given to the Rhenish kingdom so much betrayal! In an act of sheer punishment he declares an all-out war against the rebels and the nobles he dispatches a coalition army of around 400,000 troops (from all around the empire) to quell the uprising. in the now called French Borealia, the displacement of small Spanish settlements begin, offering a free ride for them to return back into Castile, and exchange or sell their possessions in the colonies or swear allegiance to the King. Trinity colony expands by 700 sq km, a local uprising begins in Nouvelle Orleans city (OTL Cartagena de las Indias, Colombia) it soon spreads through the country to Coucut (OTL Cucuta) Sableville (in Falcon Venezuela) and St Joseph d'Bacatte (OTL Bogota) and Basse Nubou (shortened Nouvelle Bourdeaux, OTL Bucaramanga). Demanding the lowering of the taxes in the colony, and the granting of local self ruling, the King considers it, making a promise to do so within the next 30 years, thinking it to be far enough for the promise to be forgotten. The government agrees on giving the Californian state or region self rule recognizing its own right to determine its destiny, however, remaining a territory of the Borealian Domain. The colony of Emeraldia is given free state status with the official name of Etat-livre du Nouvelle Orleans.
 * Kingdom of Rhenanie: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Kingdom of Lower Burgundy: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Sardinia-Corsica: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The Sardinian language has lowered its usage to only 10% of the population of Sardinia (roughly 50,000 people) with the speaking African (43%) and French (38%) or Vandalian (9% African Rhenish German dialect) and with the vast majority being able to speak both African and French (that is more or less 85% of the nation's population). The population is stable at 500,000 people.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The African language has become the de facto leading language surpassing every other (outside of French) being spoken by the 2.3 million people living in the country as either native or second language. Vandalian, however, dominates area of Tripolitania's coast with a population of around 5000 speakers in the region. French is still the main language officially. Trading outposts begin to be made in the border of the country to trade with Tuareg and inland tribes. Sends supplies to the Rhenish War.
 * French Mali: Due to vast piracy campaigns which France and Spain have contributed to has resulted in many pirate coves in the Bissagos Islands, and as a result a larger influx of Frenchmen arrived this year, though they still don't even make up 1% yet. Ports continue to expand appropriately and the region becomes a place worth note on many maps. Roads continue being built to outlying villages and plantations continue being built.
 * Artois: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure and navy are built up. The nation prepares an army for the conflict in Britannia.
 * Free City of Danzig: The military, economy, infrastructure, and navy are built up, Danzig asks for an alliance with the current Prussian and Polish government.
 * Andea: The Nationals win elections this year. Kurillianka, age 77, remains on the throne. The Nationals continue to reduce the power of the monarchy and increase the power of the Buenos Noches Congress and Council. Andeans begin to flock to Osea to gain new opportunities in industry and agriculture. Population stands at 28 million and rising slowly, due to the rapid migration of Andean's away from Andea proper. The Government continues to expand the industry and railroads of the nation, supporting the growth through government aid. The nation continues to lead the Second Hesperian League, and incorporates Osea into the Buenos Noches Council. They are granted six seats, and the size of the council is adjusted acordingly. In total, 100,000 Andeans enter Osea this year. Neo-Hesperianism emerges from the University of Cuzco. This school of thought calls for greater unity between Andea and her satellites, as opposed to the older schools of thought. In general, many Andeans begin to support Union. As Andeans flock to Osea, Apeac and Vorlayacor, they carry this support for union with them. Work on the transcontinental railroad continues, with the process expected to take 20 to 30 years.
 * ​Osean Confederation: The nation is nearly leveled by the war. In total, 53% of the nations infrastructure was destroyed over the course of the 14-year long civil war and almost one million civilians were killed. The population stands at nearly 5.6 million, with more Andeans entering the nation each year. The Mestizo culture begins to take hold in Andea, as the New World and Old World meld together. Osea continues rebuilding, with the effort being driven by Andean capital. Oseans themselves are treated as equals within Osea, with many local leaders working with the Andeans for the rebuilding effort. Osea itself is dividing into ten republics, under the banner of a confederation. The ten Republics are, in decreasing order of population: Buenos Aires (one million), North Osea (900,000), South Osea (800,000), Uruguay (850,000), Cordoba (600,000), San Salvacion (400,000), Bolivia (350,000), Granada (250,000), Santiago (100,000) and Paraguay (80,000). The Republic of Osea is divided into North and South Osea. The Andeans continue to work with the local governments on the rebuilding process. Universities are planned, with hopes to attract more settlers from Andea. Industry is built up to attract low skill workers in search of jobs. Spaniards who desire to do so are allowed to leave the nation free of charge, with monetary reimbursment from Andea. Roughly 80,000 this year take this offer. Last Year's famine continues to cause issues, as over 50,000 people die.
 * Andean Overseas Territories: The Falkland Islands, under direct control of the Andean Military, prove to be a strategic location in protecting Vorlayacor's coast line. A military force of 35,000 is stationed on the islands.
 * Kingdom of Apeac: Military, economy and navy improve. Population stands at 400,000, as Andean settlers come in, seeking more land then they can get in their homeland. 4000 militiamen remain activated in the territory. 20,000 Andean military men remain active in the territory. Andean Settlers meet resistance from Mataco raiders, who attack settlements on the frontier. The nation mobilizes against Southern Osea.
 * Vorlayacor: Military, economy and navy improve. The nation sees a massive expansion of its infrastructure, with the Royal family owning much of the nation's infrastructure. Population stands at seven million. Military stands at 25,000 active men, with another 20,000 in reserve. Andean military bases have 35,000 men stationed. The Mapuche National Front pushes for independence. The Mapuche national front declares Vorlayacor independent from Andea, and launch several co-ordinated attacks on Andean Military bases and Loyalist bases. They prepare to march on the Roman Military stationed in the territory.
 * In the Grand Union (Pskov), the GDP rises along with average wages. The Inter-Republic Road network is expanded. The Science and technology aspect of Pskov is not overlooked either. As prosperity in the nation increases, the amount of money and new people investing in institutions of higher learning. As such, the various schools that existed in Nizhegorodsk-Na-Narve unite and form the "University of Nizhegorodsk", beginning a rivalry between it and Pskov. The Pskovians want to encourage emigration from Russia, and are somewhat more successful with the Muscovite serfs, who can move around freely with their landlord's consent. This puts much issues with the leadership of Novgorod and Muscovy, who think Pskov is just looking for a fight. The ruble is becoming more and more used and is becoming the unofficial currency of Russia. The idea of currency reform, to reform it to a decimal system is put out, in order to simplify much trade (even though it is already simple enough with multiples of 20). Zlatobrezhie becomes wealthier and wealthier as more people get used to over 100 years of Pskovian governance. A gunsmith introduces the first revolver, and it quickly becomes popular with both the officer class. A new bullet is invented, conical inside, and with the advent of industry, rifles become the norm for the Guard regiments, and will soon enter service for the regular forces. The growth of Socialism increases with each year. Disillusioned by the current state of things, a young deputee to the General Assembly from central Tartu, Kaarel Uluolts, takes upon himself the mantle of what he dubs "New Socialism". His popularity soars, and he, a non-aligned member of parliament, a few fellow non-aligned members, as well as four Industrialists and many Agrarians and Nationalists meet in the Konigsberg Hotel in Prussia. After much discussion, on the 14th of september the 43 deputees from various factions (or lack thereof) give a list of names, and a Party Constitution to the central party registrar. From this year forward, the Workers' and Farmers' New Socialist Party, led by Kaarel Uluolts, becomes the third registered Political Party in the Union. They chose orange as their party colour, and decide to sit with the opposition. This creates chaos amongst the government, as now twelve of the Nationalist Faction members have joined the NSP. This leads to a situation where the government is now only a plurality of seats. This leads to a confidence motion, which is barely defeated 584-416 due to the efforts by some non-aligned deputees, many of whom did not want elections this early. This year, Vladimir Rasputin dies unexpectedly. Instead of a new election, on the 31st of May Feodor Timofeevich Prokazov is chosen as the new Leader of the National Conservative party, and subsequently appointed as First Senator. One of his first acts of parliament is to being to set up a "International Slavic Congress", and invites representatives from all slavic nations to join a celebration of traditions that unite all slavs in Pskov. This is done in part to cater to some nationalist sentiment, and unite the NSP once again after its disaster last election.

1861

 * Reme: Reme begins to build up its military and economy. After a long, heated discussion of how Reme would be governed, the tribal representatives (as well as notable Byzantine-Borealians) decide to create a republic, with a basic constitution that would be given basic rights to citizens of Reme. After these discussions, a rich Byzantine-Borealian named Stephanos Shawnee, and becomes the first President of Reme. Shawnee starts to upgrade trade and military services. However seeing Reme, a new nation, vulnerable to foreign attack, starts to encourage militarization of the west, and opens up to military alliances with other nations. Meanwhile, trade is improved on, with industrialization, mainly former Byzantine areas slowly being introduced to populous areas. Lumber, cash crops, and other goods become a major export of Reme, and starts getting Reme a jump-start into the European economy. Shawnee also commands the creation of a couple new navy ships, to help modernize the outdated Remian navy. Reme continues it's current expansion into the Michigan peninsula, expanding another 150 pixels into it. Meanwhile, the idea of building coal mines come into mind, especially in the OTL West Virginian area. Coal mining plants are started to be worked on. Reme also starts very slowly changing it's focus to industrial things, with a nation wide railroad being considered to be built. Reme incorporates the French territory of Rouenelle as a province of Reme, with Cahokie being designated as a territory of Reme. With this, French is now declared an official language of Reme, with Greek and French made mandatory for children in Reman schools. Construction in the railroad continues, with the two native states being declared war upon to fix the track and to oust from that area. Jayson Chistakos, a politican, gains popularity, and gains influence thorugout the Republic. He eventually wins the election called for by the population and becomes the first Emperor of Reme. Jayson's first action is to immediately start industrializing river areas, and to mass produce textiles to cheaper the price of Reman cotton products. Jayson also demands that the Mexica border be fortified, since the nation poses a threat to the safety of Reme. Jayson also demands that Reme starts militarializing these areas, as well as the border with Arcadia. Reme also sends a diplomat to Byzantium, who wishes for the nation to recognize the sovereignty of Reme and to drop claims to the nation. Reme, along with Algonquia, declares war on Arcadia and invades on another front.


 * United German Kingdoms: New Mecklenburg in OTL Australia expands by 750 px. The results of the 1860 census are published this year, the total population of the UGK, minus the unincorporated colonies, is 14.9 million, aided by waves of immigration from Borealia and Eastern Europe. The biggest increase in population, relative to its population in the last census, is New Brunswick, a result of refugees fleeing the fall of Acadia.


 * Sultanate of Bengal: Sultan Timur Ashraf Shah was proclaimed the Sultan of the Sultanate of Bengal on 1859, and he initiated his rule over the Sultanate soon after. The Bengali population rose about 80.5 million, mostly due to the large influx of Bengali immigrants coming from former Bengali crown vassals, for the economic opportunity was on the rise. The Empire officially began a reform of the economic system looking to bail the economy out of crisis from war debt, and the bullion was geared toward giving the empire a competitive edge in being able to invest millions on a whim in order to drive up investments and production. A new and strict tax system was established, based off the Sharia law, a decision lauded by the largely conservative populace. The monarchy also implemented a new currency system which was to be the well-regulated silver-based Bengali Tanki. Meanwhile, the Bengali military was divided into a Naval Force, Land Force and an Imperial Guard with each having their appointed head, answerable to the Sultan. The Bengali navy experimented its first ironclads and began further development of its new larger classes of steam engine ships, churning out first rate flagships for various fleets, and more third rates, and fourth rates with the occasional second rate to augment the smaller patrol fleets, the fifth and sixth rates began to become more standard as light and medium frigates for singular voyages and patrols among other things. For the land force, a standardized army of roughly 300,000 was raised with soldiers armed with modern rifles and with cannons to be used as the ideal seige equipment. The infantry was also equipped with daggers and swords, although the latter were usually ceremonial. The land forces acted to prevent any foreign incursion into Bengal whilst the Imperial Guard existed to thwart any attempt by revolutionaries to abolish the Sultanate. Given the lack of supply of armaments from Europe, many armament companies were established at local as well as national level which served national interests, as they actively engaged in production of firearms. In agriculture was the largest economic focus of Bengal, selling such goods as rice, wheat, maize, potatoes, indigo, opium, wheat, cannabis and other crops to European merchants as well as Indian. However, jute and muslin in particular, served as the most important exports of Bengal given the general need for such in Europe. The flocking of populations to Bengal coastal cities continued, with a mass increase of population in Visakhapatnam, Calcutta, Bhubaneswar, and various other minor cities and townships throughout the south. Of particular importance was the city of Calcutta which was established as the new capital of Bengal, replacing Pandua. Thus, with the constant inflow of manpower towards the coast, the Sultanate expanded upon its shipbuilding and fishery industry, and actively exploited the riches of the Bay of Bengal as it had been established as a virtual Bengali lake, with little to no opposition faced from Burma or Vijaynagar. Indeed, Bengal served as the principle centres of industry in the world. Along the same time, the Bengali Renaissance was in full swing with movements such as the Young Bengal movement established that espoused rationalism and atheism as the common denominators of civil conduct amongst the educated masses. The monarchy generally co-operated with the upholders of the renaissance, and brought forth social reforms in order to disband various backward practices such as belief in 'Priests' possessing powers which was termed shirk. Along the same time, education and scientific research was promoted amongst the masses, with schools and colleges constructed throughout the Sultanate. International-standard universities were also constructed at Kolkata, Pauda, Gaur and Visakhapatnam in order for Bengal to advance ahead of other Indian states and maintain a particular pace as the world entered into the stage of industrialization. However, it was the Bengali literature that reached its Golden Age with hundreds of poets and scholars sprouting throughout the Sultanate. The Sultanate itself promoted Urdu as well as Bengali, however it was generally the former which entered into its zenith since Urdu was largely used amongst the elites. The positive attitude of the populace towards industrialization aided in promoting it, with a railroad and telephone system established which connected the Sultanate and eased transportation and communication. Along the same time, Bengali influence steadily grew in Jaunpur with extensive co-operation and trade between the two states. The Sultan implements the Blasphemy Law with support of the Majlis e Shura, but extends the Blasphemy Law to include important figures of Islam and Hinduism. This is generally done to please the miniorities as well. [Mil/Eco Turn]
 * Khedivate of Bahamani: Prince Imran Ashraf Shah married the daughter of Ibrahim Adil Shah, establishing a dynastic union between Bahamani and Bengal. The population of Bahamani stood at 25.6 million. Under their rule, construction for a new capital at Hyderabad was initiated. The Bengali Tanki was also imposed upon Bahamani as the new currency, and the trans-railroad system established in Bengal was extended into Bahamani. The Bahamani military was modernized, standing at roughly 80,000 and a major port and naval base was constructed at Mahmudpur, the latter which would act to maintain Bengali presence in the Arabian Sea. In the economic sector, rice played the role as a major food crop to be exported. However, other important crops such as cotton, sugar cane, mango and tobacco maintained a major presence in Bahamanis exports as well. Along the same time, the Bahamani textile industry reached new heights.
 * Korea: Korea continues to build up its military. Meanwhile, more Taoist, Neo-Confucian and Buddhist temples are built. Taoism rises in popularity and gains more followers. Regular (read: not Imperial) Shinto gains a few more followers as well, mainly along the coastline in Southeastern Korea, particularly in Busan, Jejudo, Ulsan, and the coastal cities and coastal towns of Southern Gyeongsang Province. Mahayana Tao-Shintoism also continues to grow, and begins gaining followers from the areas where Shinto is growing, with some Shintoists switching to Mahayana Tao-Shintoism. The military in the colony of Haejagang (해자강) continues to be on high alert and continues to heavily patrol the Korean settlements.
 * Andea: The Nationals win elections this year. Kurillianka, age 77, remains on the throne. The Nationals continue to reduce the power of the monarchy and increase the power of the Buenos Noches Congress and Council. Andeans begin to flock to Osea to gain new opportunities in industry and agriculture. Population stands at 28 million and rising slowly, due to the rapid migration of Andean's away from Andea proper. The Government continues to expand the industry and railroads of the nation, supporting the growth through government aid. The nation continues to lead the Second Hesperian League, and incorporates Osea into the Buenos Noches Council. They are granted six seats, and the size of the council is adjusted acordingly. In total, 100,000 Andeans enter Osea this year. Neo-Hesperianism emerges from the University of Cuzco. This school of thought calls for greater unity between Andea and her satellites, as opposed to the older schools of thought. In general, many Andeans begin to support Union. As Andeans flock to Osea, Apeac and Vorlayacor, they carry this support for union with them. Work on the transcontinental railroad continues, with the process expected to take 20 to 30 years.
 * ​Osean Confederation: The nation is nearly leveled by the war. In total, 53% of the nations infrastructure was destroyed over the course of the 14-year long civil war and almost one million civilians were killed. The population stands at nearly 5.6 million, with more Andeans entering the nation each year. The Mestizo culture begins to take hold in Andea, as the New World and Old World meld together. Osea continues rebuilding, with the effort being driven by Andean capital. Oseans themselves are treated as equals within Osea, with many local leaders working with the Andeans for the rebuilding effort. Osea itself is dividing into ten republics, under the banner of a confederation. The ten Republics are in decreasing order of population: Buenos Aires (one million), North Osea (900,000), South Osea (800,000), Uruguay (850,000), Cordoba (600,000), San Salvacion (400,000), Bolivia (350,000), Granada (250,000), Santiago (100,000) and Paraguay (80,000). The Republic of Osea is divided into North and South Osea. The Andeans continue to work with the local governments on the rebuilding process. Universities are planned, with hopes to attract more settlers from Andea. Industry is built up to attract low skill workers in search of jobs. Spaniards who desire to do so are allowed to leave the nation free of charge, with monetary reimbursment from Andea. Roughly 80,000 this year take this offer. Last Year's famine continues to cause issues, as over 50,000 people die.
 * Andean Overseas Territories: The Falkland Islands, under direct control of the Andean Military, prove to be a strategic location in protecting Vorlayacor's coast line. A military force of 35,000 is stationed on the islands.
 * Kingdom of Apeac: Military, economy and navy improve. Population stands at 400,000, as Andean settlers come in, seeking more land then they can get in their homeland. 4000 militiamen remain activated in the territory. 20,000 Andean military men remain active in the territory. Andean Settlers meet resistance from Mataco raiders, who attack settlements on the frontier. The nation mobilizes against Southern Osea.
 * Vorlayacor: Military, economy and navy improve. The nation sees a massive expansion of its infrastructure, with the Royal family owning much of the nation's infrastructure. Population stands at seven million. Military stands at 25,000 active men, with another 20,000 in reserve. Andean military bases have 35,000 men stationed. The Mapuche National Front pushes for independence. The Mapuche national front declares Vorlayacor independent from Andea, and launch several co-ordinated attacks on Andean Military bases and Loyalist bases. They prepare to march on the Roman Military stationed in the territory.
 * Ruthenia: The Ruthenians continue to make infrastructure repairs and upgrades to their new territory. The Tartar architecture of the East continues to influence the Ruthenians.
 * Morocco: The Kingdom of Morocco continues to improve its economy, infrastructure and build up its military. Morocco continues to westernize the nation and the population continues to grow. The nation expands by 10,000 sq km to keep it stronger and independent, with a few new cities built and roads built between old and new cities. More schools and houses are built and technology improves as well. Industry continues improving to become one of best works in Morocco, mostly new are built in largest populated areas of Morocco. Sunni Islam rises in popularity and gains more followers. The second railway line between Casablanca and Rabat is opened in Morocco for second time. In political news, the previous king Abd al-Rahman dies at age 83 and Mohammed IV succeeds to throne as the new king of Morocco. But the royal name has now renamed, in Berber languages it's known as Masinissa IV.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire is now at a period of peace and prosperity after a long period of war and uncertainty. Roman trade routes stretch across most of the world in the pursuit of wealth and trade goods and Roman military might remains a powerful force in Europe and other parts of the world. The Roman central government does what it can to address all of the issues of the various archonates within the Empire and ensure that their needs are met even as they help instill strength in the central government. Railroads are constructed around the nation to help connect the Empire and its peoples and steamships are used for much the same purpose on water. One of the most important railroads constructed in the Empire is the Trans-Imperial Railway, stretching all the way from Patras in Achaea all the way to Alexandria in Egypt. The Railway is immense and not yet completed, but when it is will provide the people of the Empire a cheaper and safer means of travel to the various regions of the Empire as well as increase commerce and military deployment. Despite this success, the Empire continues to worry about some of its more restive or vulnerable archonates, and makes efforts to help solve that. A fort is constructed in Lutriwita, military garrisons are established in Syria, and a new harbor is constructed in Antillia. Because of the protests, a new political party is formed called the Fascist Party, after mobs of protestors walk with fasces in hand. The party soon springs to dominance, obtaining a large portion of the Senate in elections.
 * Lutriwita: The colony was relatively unaffected by the war, and as such life more or less continued on normally, although contact with the Empire was much less often than before. As such, the colony developed a sense of nationalism and independence in very much the same way that the other archonates did during the war. Luckily, the government in Constantinople realizes this and offers them the same representation rights that the archonates are now given in the Imperial Senate. This does much to ease any of the potential political issues at the present time.
 * Italy: Italy begins to recover from the war, and the local military and economy continues to grow and stabilize in the aftermath. The economy is largely built up with help from the central government, as the entire economy is in shambles and the central government is doing its best to help the entire Empire grow and interconnect better through economics. The Roman government begins a major drive to help improve the region and re-inforce its control. Forts are constructed around major cities like Naples, Rome, and Florence and a line of border posts and fortifications are constructed along the border with Lombardy. Railroads are constructed from Bari in the south to Ravenna in the north, connecting the two parts of the country together and easing travel for both civilians and military across the land.
 * Syria: The former capital region proves to be a considerable issue for the Roman occupation forces, as the region is full of Muslims but also a significant quantity of Christians. Roman forces establish themselves in the city of Antioch, which houses the largest Christian community of Syria, and from there they use military and economic power to heal the land and expand Roman control over taxation, military patrols, and infrastructure rebuilding. The population begins to see major changes since the fall of the Damascans. Many Muslims have either fled the area or have converted by this time, althouth there is still a sizable number of Muslims still living in Syria as well as other areas. Syrian Christians are integrated into the local government to help govern the area, and while many are opposed, a few Muslims are as well.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 100 sq km among both colonies into the Galapago Islands called Illes d'Neptune. The colonies continue growing as expected. The colony of Nouvelle Rouen continues to expand inland throughout the land corridor given by Cahokie by 9800 sq km. Mining continues in the colony of Nouvelle Orleans. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The king is outraged, for such freedom given to the Rhenish kingdom so much betrayal! In an act of sheer punishment he declares an all-out war against the rebels and the nobles he dispatches a coalition army of around 400,000 troops (from all around the empire) to quell the uprising. in the now called French Borealia, the displacement of small Spanish settlements begin, offering a free ride for them to return back into Castile, and exchange or sell their possessions in the colonies or swear allegiance to the King. Trinity colony expands by 700 sq km, a local uprising begins in Nouvelle Orleans city (OTL Cartagena de las Indias, Colombia) it soon spreads through the country to Coucut (OTL Cucuta) Sableville (in Falcon Venezuela) and St Joseph d'Bacatte (OTL Bogota) and Basse Nubou (shortened Nouvelle Bourdeaux, OTL Bucaramanga). Demanding the lowering of the taxes in the colony, and the granting of local self ruling, the King considers it, making a promise to do so within the next 30 years, thinking it to be far enough for the promise to be forgotten. The government agrees on giving the Californian state or region self rule recognizing its own right to determine its destiny, however, remaining a territory of the Borealian Domain. The colony of Emeraldia is given free state status with the official name of Etat-livre du Nouvelle Orleans.
 * Kingdom of Rhenanie: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Kingdom of Lower Burgundy: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Sardinia-Corsica: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The Sardinian language has lowered its usage to only 10% of the population of Sardinia (roughly 50,000 people) with the speaking African (43%) and French (38%) or Vandalian (9% African Rhenish German dialect) and with the vast majority being able to speak both African and French (that is more or less 85% of the nation's population). The population is stable at 500,000 people.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The African language has become the de facto leading language surpassing every other (outside of French) being spoken by the 2.3 million people living in the country as either native or second language. Vandalian, however, dominates area of Tripolitania's coast with a population of around 5000 speakers in the region. French is still the main language officially. Trading outposts begin to be made in the border of the country to trade with Tuareg and inland tribes. Sends supplies to the Rhenish War.
 * French Mali: Due to vast piracy campaigns which France and Spain have contributed to has resulted in many pirate coves in the Bissagos Islands, and as a result a larger influx of Frenchmen arrived this year, though they still don't even make up 1% yet. Ports continue to expand appropriately and the region becomes a place worth note on many maps. Roads continue being built to outlying villages and plantations continue being built.
 * Artois: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure and navy are built up. The nation prepares an army for the conflict in Britannia.
 * Free City of Danzig: The military, economy, infrastructure, and navy are built up, Danzig asks for an alliance with the current Prussian and Polish government.
 * Tartary: The economy and military of Tartary are developed this year. Farming is the largest industry throughout the nation. The nation continues to develop cities. The population of Tartary continues to become larger. Tartary looks to establish an alliance with Scandinavia. We continue to expand 1000 px northeast. The Emperor position is re-established, and Alexis I becomes the Emperor.
 * Great Perm: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Azov: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bukhara: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bajkal: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Khiva: We build up our military and economy.
 * Kingdom of Parthia: We build up our military and economy.
 * BoraliaFlag.pngCommonwealth of Borealia: Both the military and economy improve. The continual industrial revolution has led to an increasing birth rate. Recent theories on economics and agriculture have led to the expansion of businesses at an exponential rate, including various forms of manufacturing, mining and printing. Machines using steam power are also popular, as the first factories appear. Some of these businesses are also internationally based, buying and selling to the neighboring colonies of France, Britain and Scandinavia, as well as the sovereign states of Reme, Arcadia, Aragon, Algonquia and Germany. The most productive of these businesses is the buffalo industry, monopolized by a few companies based in Kristallstadt (OTL Salt Lake City). The professional army and cavalry are continually trained, while the forts on both borders are expanded and new artillery is manufactured. Rifles are now standard equipment across the military. Caravels and frigates fitted with steam engines are constructed while coastal merchant trade expands across the Pacific, particularly in Hawaii. The University of New Vienna continues to produce new intellectuals and engineers. Railroads for steam engines begin to be built to span many cities across the plains. As military and diplomatic support is sent to Reme, the curia also offers to mass manufacture raw materials from them and sell bison products. A massive amount of gold is struck in California, followed by a second wave in Alaska three months later. By the end of the year, the economy of San Francisco begins to rival that of Kristallstadt, and the immigrant population of Alaska continues to climb. More settlers move into the northern territories. An oil vein is struck in California, but it is still being analysed. The accidental death of one Romanesque leader whilst protesting causes the movement to explode into violent riots across the country. We offer to purchase the colony of New Bavaria for a total of 1.8 million Reichsthalers.
 * Borealian Dip. (to Mexeca): We would like to formally invite your empire into the New Munich pact. As a member of the pact (which includes Reme, Algonquia, and Arcadia), you will enjoy all the military resources of the member nations when you go to war against a non-Borealian power (such as Hamburg, for instance).
 * Mexaca accepts the offer. We will not fight against Andea.
 * Duchy of Oldenburg: With the fall of Arcadia, Oldenburg begins a frantic military buildup in Neu Norderney and Neu Juist. More ships are stationed there, and engineers are sent in from Oldenburg to ensure the defensibility of the major towns, especially the capital Jacqueline.
 * Algonquia is alarmed by this buildup, particularly in light of unrest in nearby areas, and moves 20,000 troops to the border for defence.
 * Algonquia: Continues its military buildup after the conquest of Arcadia. Several Atlantic ports are built up as naval bases and heavily fortified to enforce Algonquian naval dominance of its immediate surroundings. New ships of the line are launched, while new gun foundries open to supply them. Some naval strategists wonder if even these ships will soon become obsolete, however, with the rumoured advent of ironclads in Europe. Europeans, encouraged by financial incentives, continue to flee Algonquia and return to their homelands. Algonquia continues to expand its overseas trade, with merchants opening trade routes to Africa and even into the Indian Ocean. Socialism begins to catch on in Algonquia, with the formation of a Smallholder's Party. Algonquia requests a trade deal with the Zulu. (Mod Response)
 * Labrador: The famine finally ends fully, with Algonquian troops moving into afflicted areas to provide succour to the starving inhabitants. Resettlement of Algonquians into the now-empty lands continues, while those guilty of the revolt are dispossessed of their land and imprisoned, executed or expelled. The local militia, consisting of 12,000 loyal natives, continues to be built up.
 * In Aragon the nation continues to prosper as a center of the arts and learning. The construction of new buildings, roads and other infrastructure continues. Aragonese merchants and emissaries continue to sail around the world to expand the reach of Aragon in terms of wealth and diplomatic connections. Aragon also becomes a place where artists and intellectual minds meet and do things. It is cool. Due to the regrowth of the economy, new jobs created in the three major cities lead to more people moving to the cities. Stronger cements are produced, whatever that means, leading to the construction of some taller buildings, especially in the major cities such as Zaragoza and Valencia. A rail link between Zaragoza and Madrid is proposed. With the advent of steam power, factories begin to be built and stuff. Textile mills, cloth factories and other places begin to harness steam power to do more things faster, which creates more jobs that people move to cities to get. Industrialization is gaining speed. The construction of ships and weaponry continues. Aragon takes all the people from Edgistan. Boats and guns.
 * In Aragon the nation continues to prosper as a center of the arts and learning. The construction of new buildings, roads and other infrastructure continues. Aragonese merchants and emissaries continue to sail around the world to expand the reach of Aragon in terms of wealth and diplomatic connections. Aragon also becomes a place where artists and intellectual minds meet and do things. It is cool. Due to the regrowth of the economy, new jobs created in the three major cities lead to more people moving to the cities. Stronger cements are produced, whatever that means, leading to the construction of some taller buildings, especially in the major cities such as Zaragoza and Valencia. A rail link between Zaragoza and Madrid is proposed. With the advent of steam power, factories begin to be built and stuff. Textile mills, cloth factories and other places begin to harness steam power to do more things faster, which creates more jobs that people move to cities to get. Industrialization is gaining speed. The construction of ships and weaponry continues. Aragon takes all the people from Edgistan. Boats and guns.

1862

 * United German Kingdoms: New Mecklenburg in OTL Australia expands by 750 px. The SMS Meteor, which was burned in its drydock two years ago, re-enters service reborn: its above-water hull is completely cladded in iron armor, and completely reliant on its steam engines. Dubbed an "ironclad", the Meteor enters testing as the navy ponders whether to build more. King Mary replies to Duke Dietrich, offering the Imperial Parliament building in Frankfurt to hold the election. In light of Mexacas joining the New Munich pact, the move is denounced and is received as a claim to Hamburgian land in the region. The government announces that a corp of 25,000 men will be stationed in Belize at all times, and asks the Reman Emperor for an alliance and recognition of Hamburgs ownership of New Hamburg and New Brunswick.


 * Sultanate of Bengal: Sultan Timur Ashraf Shah was proclaimed the Sultan of the Sultanate of Bengal on 1859, and he initiated his rule over the Sultanate soon after. The Bengali population rose about 80.5 million, mostly due to the large influx of Bengali immigrants coming from former Bengali crown vassals, for the economic opportunity was on the rise. The Empire officially began a reform of the economic system looking to bail the economy out of crisis from war debt, and the bullion was geared toward giving the empire a competitive edge in being able to invest millions on a whim in order to drive up investments and production. A new and strict tax system was established, based off the Sharia law, a decision lauded by the largely conservative populace. The monarchy also implemented a new currency system which was to be the well-regulated silver-based Bengali Tanki. Meanwhile, the Bengali military was divided into a Naval Force, Land Force and an Imperial Guard with each having their appointed head, answerable to the Sultan. The Bengali navy experimented its first ironclads and began further development of its new larger classes of steam engine ships, churning out first rate flagships for various fleets, and more third rates, and fourth rates with the occasional second rate to augment the smaller patrol fleets, the fifth and sixth rates began to become more standard as light and medium frigates for singular voyages and patrols among other things. For the land force, a standardized army of roughly 300,000 was raised with soldiers armed with modern rifles and with cannons to be used as the ideal seige equipment. The infantry was also equipped with daggers and swords, although the latter were usually ceremonial. The land forces acted to prevent any foreign incursion into Bengal whilst the Imperial Guard existed to thwart any attempt by revolutionaries to abolish the Sultanate. Given the lack of supply of armaments from Europe, many armament companies were established at local as well as national level which served national interests, as they actively engaged in production of firearms. In agriculture was the largest economic focus of Bengal, selling such goods as rice, wheat, maize, potatoes, indigo, opium, wheat, cannabis and other crops to European merchants as well as Indian. However, jute and muslin in particular, served as the most important exports of Bengal given the general need for such in Europe. The flocking of populations to Bengal coastal cities continued, with a mass increase of population in Visakhapatnam, Calcutta, Bhubaneswar, and various other minor cities and townships throughout the south. Of particular importance was the city of Calcutta which was established as the new capital of Bengal, replacing Pandua. Thus, with the constant inflow of manpower towards the coast, the Sultanate expanded upon its shipbuilding and fishery industry, and actively exploited the riches of the Bay of Bengal as it had been established as a virtual Bengali lake, with little to no opposition faced from Burma or Vijaynagar. Indeed, Bengal served as the principle centres of industry in the world. Along the same time, the Bengali Renaissance was in full swing with movements such as the Young Bengal movement established that espoused rationalism and atheism as the common denominators of civil conduct amongst the educated masses. The monarchy generally co-operated with the upholders of the renaissance, and brought forth social reforms in order to disband various backward practices such as belief in 'Priests' possessing powers which was termed shirk. Along the same time, education and scientific research was promoted amongst the masses, with schools and colleges constructed throughout the Sultanate. International-standard universities were also constructed at Kolkata, Pauda, Gaur and Visakhapatnam in order for Bengal to advance ahead of other Indian states and maintain a particular pace as the world entered into the stage of industrialization. However, it was the Bengali literature that reached its Golden Age with hundreds of poets and scholars sprouting throughout the Sultanate. The Sultanate itself promoted Urdu as well as Bengali, however it was generally the former which entered into its zenith since Urdu was largely used amongst the elites. The positive attitude of the populace towards industrialization aided in promoting it, with a railroad and telephone system established which connected the Sultanate and eased transportation and communication. Along the same time, Bengali influence steadily grew in Jaunpur with extensive co-operation and trade between the two states. The Sultan visits the Hashemite Caliphate just cause. [Mil/Eco Turn]
 * Khedivate of Bahamani: Prince Imran Ashraf Shah married the daughter of Ibrahim Adil Shah, establishing a dynastic union between Bahamani and Bengal. The population of Bahamani stood at 25.6 million. Under their rule, construction for a new capital at Hyderabad was initiated. The Bengali Tanki was also imposed upon Bahamani as the new currency, and the trans-railroad system established in Bengal was extended into Bahamani. The Bahamani military was modernized, standing at roughly 80,000 and a major port and naval base was constructed at Mahmudpur, the latter which would act to maintain Bengali presence in the Arabian Sea. In the economic sector, rice played the role as a major food crop to be exported. However, other important crops such as cotton, sugar cane, mango and tobacco maintained a major presence in Bahamanis exports as well. Along the same time, the Bahamani textile industry reached new heights.
 * Bengal - Jaunpur Diplomacy: The Sultanate of Jaunpur is requested to adopt the Bengali Tanki as its official currency, given that it has already been adopted almost all of Jaunpur's major trading partners such as Bengal, Bahamani and Udaipur [Mod Response].
 * Korea: Korea continues to build up its military. Meanwhile, more Taoist, Neo-Confucian and Buddhist temples are built. Taoism rises in popularity and gains more followers. Regular (read: not Imperial) Shinto gains a few more followers as well, mainly along the coastline in Southeastern Korea, particularly in Busan, Jejudo, Ulsan, and the coastal cities and coastal towns of Southern Gyeongsang Province. Mahayana Tao-Shintoism also continues to grow, and begins gaining followers from the areas where Shinto is growing, with some Shintoists switching to Mahayana Tao-Shintoism. The military in the colony of Haejagang (해자강) continues to be on high alert and continues to heavily patrol the Korean settlements.
 * Duchy of Oldenburg: With Algonquia moving 20,000 troops to the border of Neu Norderney, the Duke realises he has to work quickly to defuse the situation. Veteran diplomat Msgr Fr Franz Wolfenburg is sent to Algonquia as an ambassador extraordinaire with the sole aim of placating the government by assuring them that the military buildup in Neu Norderney and Neu Juist is purely of a defensive nature and mainly the result of the neglect given to the colonial armed forces of late and also, that we unreservedly respect Algonquia's territorial integrity (including its newly acquired land). Praying that that's sufficient, Duke Dietrich III, the High Council, and the Landtag all hold their breath. In other news, Dietrich contacts Hamburg about electing a new Holy Roman Emperor since Conrad's death a few years ago, hinting that perhaps it might be time for a Holy Roman Empress.
 * Algonquia: Is pleased to learn that the military buildup is not of a hostile nature, and will lower its forces on the border to more reasonable levels. To prevent such unfortunate tensions recurring, it proposes a trade deal and exchange of permanent embassies.
 * Ruthenia: The Ruthenians officially finish the infrastructure repairs to the east. The eastern territories have fully assimilated into Ruthenia, with the Tartar cultural flourishes being diffused through the country. The Tartar minority has shrunk considerably, with many leaving for the Tartary or intermarrying with local Ukrainians. There is still a small population of Tartar people, but they are but a fraction of the former population.
 * The Caliphate: Drastically develops military and the economy of the nation. We begin to construct the nation to its previous extent and glory. With the agreement with Rome, we begin to ease tensions with our previous enemy. Also, with the ownership of the entire Persian Gulf, we dominate trade in the region. We improve Mecca every year, donating a significant part of our treasury to the Holy City. As our steady population increases, so does our economy. A significant number of ships are built for our fleet. As we also begin to modernize our army, we improve the many cities of the Caliphate, specifically in Arabia and Iraq.
 * Algonquia: Continues its military buildup after the conquest of Arcadia. Several Atlantic ports are built up as naval bases and heavily fortified to enforce Algonquian naval dominance of its immediate surroundings. New ships of the line are launched, while new gun foundries open to supply them. Some naval strategists wonder if even these ships will soon become obsolete, however, with the rumoured advent of ironclads in Europe. Europeans, encouraged by financial incentives, continue to flee Algonquia and return to their homelands. Algonquia continues to expand its overseas trade, with merchants opening trade routes to Africa and even into the Indian Ocean. The Council of Sachems issues the Nemiscau Declaration this year, stating that Algonquia will intervene to protect native populations across Borealia if they are abused. This legitimizes the conquest of Arcadia and much of Algonquia's foreign policy.
 * Labrador: The famine finally ends fully, with Algonquian troops moving into afflicted areas to provide succour to the starving inhabitants. Resettlement of Algonquians into the now-empty lands continues, while those guilty of the revolt are dispossessed of their land and imprisoned, executed or expelled. The local church structure is dismantled, church properties seized, and what remains of it placed under the control of Algonquian sycreticist priests.
 * BoraliaFlag.pngCommonwealth of Borealia: Both the military and economy improve. The continual industrial revolution has led to an increasing birth rate. Recent theories on economics and agriculture have led to the expansion of businesses at an exponential rate, including various forms of manufacturing, mining and printing. Machines using steam power are also popular, as the first factories appear. Some of these businesses are also internationally based, buying and selling to the neighboring colonies of France, Britain and Scandinavia, as well as the sovereign states of Reme, Arcadia, Aragon, Algonquia and Germany. The most productive of these businesses is the buffalo industry, monopolized by a few companies based in Kristallstadt (OTL Salt Lake City). The professional army and cavalry are continually trained, while the forts on both borders are expanded and new artillery is manufactured. Rifles are now standard equipment across the military. Caravels and frigates fitted with steam engines are constructed while coastal merchant trade expands across the Pacific, particularly in Hawaii. The University of New Vienna continues to produce new intellectuals and engineers. Railroads for steam engines begin to be built to span many cities across the plains. As military and diplomatic support is sent to Reme, the curia also offers to mass manufacture raw materials from them and sell bison products. A massive amount of gold is struck in California, followed by a second wave in Alaska three months later. By the end of the year, the economy of San Francisco begins to rival that of Kristallstadt, and the immigrant population of Alaska continues to climb. More settlers move into the northern territories. An oil vein is struck in California, but it is still being analysed. We offer to purchase the colony of New Bavaria for a total of 1.8 million Reichsthalers. The Curia formally accepts the Nemiscau Declaration and incorporates it into the constitution, thereby accepting all natives in the region as citizens of the Commonwealth. The Romanesque movement is generally pleased with these reforms, but one extremist group continues to show violence around New Munich. Most members of the movement, however, re-devote their efforts to eradicate prejudice against natives on an individual level.
 * In the Grand Union (Pskov), the GDP rises along with average wages. The Inter-Republic Road network is expanded. The Science and technology aspect of Pskov is not overlooked either. As prosperity in the nation increases, the amount of money and new people investing in institutions of higher learning. As such, the various schools that existed in Nizhegorodsk-Na-Narve unite and form the "University of Nizhegorodsk", beginning a rivalry between it and Pskov. The Pskovians want to encourage emigration from Russia, and are somewhat more successful with the Muscovite serfs, who can move around freely with their landlord's consent. This puts much issues with the leadership of Novgorod and Muscovy, who think Pskov is just looking for a fight. The ruble is becoming more and more used and is becoming the unofficial currency of Russia. The idea of currency reform, to reform it to a decimal system is put out, in order to simplify much trade (even though it is already simple enough with multiples of 20). Zlatobrezhie becomes wealthier and wealthier as more people get used to over 100 years of Pskovian governance. A gunsmith introduces the first revolver, and it quickly becomes popular with both the officer class. A new bullet is invented, conical inside, and with the advent of industry, rifles become the norm for the Guard regiments, and will soon enter service for the regular forces. The Conservatives set up another "International Slavic Congress", and invites representatives from all slavic nations to join a celebration of traditions that unite all slavs in Pskov. Once again, political stuff happens. last year there were elections. The NCP got an even smaller minority than last time. IN any case, here are the results. The Government is formed by a coalition of the National Conservative Party, Controling 432 seats, and the Nationalist Faction, loosely represented by 21 seats. The Official Opposition is represented by the United Liberal Party, controling 282 seats. The Governement is also opposed by the Workers' and Farmers' New Socialist Party, controling 75 seats, the Industrialist faction, loosely represented by 45 seats and the Agrarian faction, loosely represented by 29 seats. 116 deputees sit without allegiance. The Government is tested this year, and more and more people are put against it. The Government manages to stay in power thanks to the aid of non-aligned deputees. However, the latest budget only passed with 514 votes, a very slim majority, and an indication that many non-aligned members would rather face elections, than keep the Conservatives in power.
 * Tartary: The economy and military of Tartary are developed this year. Farming is the largest industry throughout the nation. The nation continues to develop cities. The population of Tartary continues to become larger. Tartary looks to establish an alliance with Scandinavia. We continue to expand 1000 px northeast. The Emperor position is re-established, and Alexis I becomes the Emperor.
 * Great Perm: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Azov: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bukhara: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bajkal: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Khiva: We build up our military and economy.
 * Kingdom of Parthia: We build up our military and economy.
 * Croatian Archvoivodeship (Hrvatsko Nadvojvodstvo): Sewerage systems similar to Ragusan ones are built in major towns of the Archvoivodeship. With growing Ragusan influence, and the beginning of further colonization, the navy expands rapidly using much of the Ragusan expertise. Moreover, with the influx of new resources in form of lumber, labour and metals, the navy begins expanding at a fast rate. More and more ships capable of crossing the Atlantic with ease are built. The Sabor intends to restore the glorious naval culture of the Neretva peoples and plans to do so by expanding the navy. The kravata (tie) is more and more used as an accessory. Trade routes are  strengthened and the salt mines around Tuzla are explored as well as the salt industry in Pag and Nin. Using irrigation from the Danube, Sava, Drava, Drina, Cetina, Una, Vrbaš, Kupa, Neretva and other rivers the fields in the kingdom are developed, used for crops such as wheat, rye and barley. With trade routes increasing and Croatia entering an era of peace and of stability, the development of new trade ships is issued. Stone mining is furthered as well as the timber industry. The need for these resources rises as urbanization carries on. Iron ores in Dugopolje, Zenice and at last the 'mud' ore in Vojvodina and eastern Slavonia are to be exploited alongside the silver and copper ores more frequently and of better quality than the iron ores. The exploitation of iron ores in the Lika and Gorski kotar areas continues. The salt industry in Ston is funded by the government. The influx of resources from Dahomey aids the economy. However, the government makes sure that the gold arriving isn't immediately put on the market in order to control the inflation in the worth of gold. The silver mine in Srebrenica is mined. The administrative reform continues. Kotor Saraka (Adelaide) continues to expand. The conquest of Sukadang begins.
 * Županija Dahomey: The natural resources are quickly put to use, such as coconuts, cotton both refined and raw as well as the gold. Finally, the wood industry prospers as materials are needed for new ships that would help keep the connection between Croatia and Dahomey strong.
 * Isles of the Archvoivodeship (Otoci Nadvojvodstva): The infrastructure is built up.
 * Županija of Hercules Pillars' (Županija Herkulovih Stupova): The županija's pivotal position as a trade nod creates an a sufficite allowing for the economy to expand.
 * Priština Voivodeship (Prištinsko Vojvodstvo): Due to the focus on the regional denominations of the nation, the Serbian national sense slowly suffers.
 * Carantanian Voivodeship (Karantansko Vojvodstvo): Being Alpine Slavic nation, the leaders begin a programme to create a standardized Carantanian language that will reflect on both the Slavic and Alpine (Germanic) aspects of Carantania.
 * BaiernFlag8.pngKingdom of Bavaria (Constituent State of the Crown-Union of Germany): In 1862, Bavaria expands its economy. National infrastructure is developed. The population continues to rise. Trausnitz is returned to its place as national capital. CuriaBavariaFlag.png The Curia Bavaria, also known as the Bavarian Parliament or Bavarian Diet, continue to operate in the Parliamentary Palace in Landshut. It is a regional legislature. The Diet orders the German Army to be outfitted in modern uniform and to hold modern weaponry. In political news, the Curia Bavaria continue to implement infrastructural, diplomatic, and tax base laws. In Munich, Queen Isabell University remains a staple of education in Bavaria. King Franz-Rudolph I (born 1798) and his children; Maria (born 1817) and Johann (born 1822) compose the current royal family. Several modern warships and trade vessels begin construction at Bremen Port. Modern weaponry make its introduction into Bavaria. In diplomatic news, Germany maintains alliances with Hamburg, Britannia, France, The Netherlands, Scandinavia and Rome. There has been an uptick of 80% of Bavaro-German primary speakers in Franconia, Saxony, Pomerania, and Brandenburg, and uptick of 95% secondary speakers in those areas. In colonial news, Nei Baiern continues to expand. In political news, the King continues to sit at both Bavarian and Austrian privy councils. In industrial news, the effects of industrialization and urbanization begin to be felt in Swabia, Würzburg and Bavaria, where Stuttgart becomes the center of manufacturing and modern production. By year end, it becomes clear that industrialization is spreading in Germany after a long period of stagnation. While I was gone The Randolphines and Marians created much political instability in the 1840s as the Hamburgian civil war raged on in the nieghboring Kingdom. Initially, the monarchy allied with the the conservative, crazy King, while the Diet allied with Princess Mary. This disparation caused significant discord and created antagonism towards the King. Furthermore, more criticism arose over industrialism, with many fretting over poor treatment of workers, children, and women. However, a moderate Diet was elected in the 1850s and healed many wounds. A more left-leaning King now rules as railways expand exponentially and feed the coal industry. Because of this, many workers are once more subjected to harsh conditons, treatment, and low pay. But most of the population remain cheery due to political stability. Instability rises in New Bavaria as many nobles in Katharinas-Hafen begin supporting independence.
 * ddcoa2.pngDeutsche Diet: The Deutsche Diet, also known as the German Parliament or German Diet, is established by the decree of Queen Frances I in 1736, and is given a charter that year.
 * Flag_of_Austria.svgKingdom of Austria (Constituent State of the CUG): Troops authorized by the King and Queen continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. The Austrian Council is created as an independent privy council for the King. CuriaAustriaFlag.png Curia Austria remains the official legislature in Austria. The Curia  is popular in Vienna and surrounding areas. Parliamentarians usually pass laws concerning taxes, diplomacy, and infrastructure. Johann Florinsburg is successfully re-elected as Minister-Governor in 1822. The next elections are to be held in 1832.
 * Flag_of_Most_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svgKingdom of Venezia (Constituent State of the CUG): Troops authorized by the King continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. The Curia Venexia is responsible for overseeing the legal, economic and political goings on of all those in Venezia.
 * Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Brandenburg.svgCommonwealth of Brandenburg (Constituent State of the CUG): Brandenburg is re-established in 1837, and a Governor is elected promptly thereafter. Having more autonomy than other Bavaro-German realms, the Governor creates many new departments in Brandenburg. Among them is the Department of the Military, which train troops and research modern military technology. Also created is the Department of Commerce and Treasury, which handles issues of domestic economy and foreign trade.
 * Pommernflagpm3.pngCommonwealth of Pomerania (Constituent State of the CUG): Pomerania is re-established in 1837, and a Governor is elected promptly thereafter. Having more autonomy than other Bavaro-German realms, the Governor creates many new departments in Pomerania. Among them is the Department of War, which handles military strategy and financing. Also created are two smaller departments, each being responsible for the Army and the Navy. Also created is a Department of Treasurers. Interestingly enough, a Department of Polish Affairs is created to better assimilate the ethnic Polish minorities into Bavaro-German culture.
 * Flag_of_Bremen.svgBremen Port  (Constituent Territory of the CUG): Troops authorized by the King and Queen continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Several cogs are constructed, and plans are drafted to construct many larger ships. Several modern warships and trade vessels begin construction at Bremen Port.
 * NewBavariaFlag.pngNew Bavaria (Colony of the CUG): The colony of Nei Baiern continues to expand in population. Katharinas-Hafen, Franznacken, Bayreuth, Nei Regens, and Regenholz all expand by the end of the year. Houses and shops in each settlement continue being built. Jülichsberg and Wittlesberg both expand. Nei Baiern expands 2000 km. The militias and shops are developed. A small logging and fishing town is founded north of Wilhelmsbaum island, on the mainland. The settlement, mainly populated by Saxons, comes to be called Regenholz.
 * PearlRiverFlag.pngPearl River (Colony of the CUG): The outpost of Perlefluss is established. A capital is expected to be constructed over the next few years. The capital of Pearl River is named Pearl River, after the colony itself.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire is now at a period of peace and prosperity after a long period of war and uncertainty. Roman trade routes stretch across most of the world in the pursuit of wealth and trade goods and Roman military might remains a powerful force in Europe and other parts of the world. The Roman central government does what it can to address all of the issues of the various archonates within the Empire and ensure that their needs are met even as they help instill strength in the central government. Railroads are constructed around the nation to help connect the Empire and its peoples and steamships are used for much the same purpose on water. One of the most important railroads constructed in the Empire is the Trans-Imperial Railway, stretching all the way from Patras in Achaea all the way to Alexandria in Egypt. The Railway is immense and not yet completed, but when it is will provide the people of the Empire a cheaper and safer means of travel to the various regions of the Empire as well as increase commerce and military deployment. Despite this success, the Empire continues to worry about some of its more restive or vulnerable archonates, and makes efforts to help solve that. A fort is constructed in Lutriwita, military garrisons are established in Syria, and a new harbor is constructed in Antillia. Because of the protests, a new political party is formed called the Fascist Party, after mobs of protestors walk with fasces in hand. The party soon springs to dominance, obtaining a large portion of the Senate in elections.
 * Lutriwita: The colony was relatively unaffected by the war, and as such life more or less continued on normally, although contact with the Empire was much less often than before. As such, the colony developed a sense of nationalism and independence in very much the same way that the other archonates did during the war. Luckily, the government in Constantinople realizes this and offers them the same representation rights that the archonates are now given in the Imperial Senate. This does much to ease any of the potential political issues at the present time.
 * Italy: Italy begins to recover from the war, and the local military and economy continues to grow and stabilize in the aftermath. The economy is largely built up with help from the central government, as the entire economy is in shambles and the central government is doing its best to help the entire Empire grow and interconnect better through economics. The Roman government begins a major drive to help improve the region and re-inforce its control. Forts are constructed around major cities like Naples, Rome, and Florence and a line of border posts and fortifications are constructed along the border with Lombardy. Railroads are constructed from Bari in the south to Ravenna in the north, connecting the two parts of the country together and easing travel for both civilians and military across the land.
 * Syria: The former capital region proves to be a considerable issue for the Roman occupation forces, as the region is full of Muslims but also a significant quantity of Christians. Roman forces establish themselves in the city of Antioch, which houses the largest Christian community of Syria, and from there they use military and economic power to heal the land and expand Roman control over taxation, military patrols, and infrastructure rebuilding. The population begins to see major changes since the fall of the Damascans. Many Muslims have either fled the area or have converted by this time, althouth there is still a sizable number of Muslims still living in Syria as well as other areas. Syrian Christians are integrated into the local government to help govern the area, and while many are opposed, a few Muslims are as well.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 100 sq km among both colonies into the Galapago Islands called Illes d'Neptune. The colonies continue growing as expected. The colony of Nouvelle Rouen continues to expand inland throughout the land corridor given by Cahokie by 9800 sq km. Mining continues in the colony of Nouvelle Orleans. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The king is outraged, for such freedom given to the Rhenish kingdom so much betrayal! In an act of sheer punishment he declares an all-out war against the rebels and the nobles he dispatches a coalition army of around 400,000 troops (from all around the empire) to quell the uprising. in the now called French Borealia, the displacement of small Spanish settlements begin, offering a free ride for them to return back into Castile, and exchange or sell their possessions in the colonies or swear allegiance to the King. Trinity colony expands by 700 sq km, a local uprising begins in Nouvelle Orleans city (OTL Cartagena de las Indias, Colombia) it soon spreads through the country to Coucut (OTL Cucuta) Sableville (in Falcon Venezuela) and St Joseph d'Bacatte (OTL Bogota) and Basse Nubou (shortened Nouvelle Bourdeaux, OTL Bucaramanga). Demanding the lowering of the taxes in the colony, and the granting of local self ruling, the King considers it, making a promise to do so within the next 30 years, thinking it to be far enough for the promise to be forgotten. The government agrees on giving the Californian state or region self rule recognizing its own right to determine its destiny, however, remaining a territory of the Borealian Domain. The colony of Emeraldia is given free state status with the official name of Etat-livre du Nouvelle Orleans.
 * Kingdom of Rhenanie: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Kingdom of Lower Burgundy: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy.
 * Sardinia-Corsica: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The Sardinian language has lowered its usage to only 10% of the population of Sardinia (roughly 50,000 people) with the speaking African (43%) and French (38%) or Vandalian (9% African Rhenish German dialect) and with the vast majority being able to speak both African and French (that is more or less 85% of the nation's population). The population is stable at 500,000 people.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure is built up as well as navy. The African language has become the de facto leading language surpassing every other (outside of French) being spoken by the 2.3 million people living in the country as either native or second language. Vandalian, however, dominates area of Tripolitania's coast with a population of around 5000 speakers in the region. French is still the main language officially. Trading outposts begin to be made in the border of the country to trade with Tuareg and inland tribes. Sends supplies to the Rhenish War.
 * French Mali: Due to vast piracy campaigns which France and Spain have contributed to has resulted in many pirate coves in the Bissagos Islands, and as a result a larger influx of Frenchmen arrived this year, though they still don't even make up 1% yet. Ports continue to expand appropriately and the region becomes a place worth note on many maps. Roads continue being built to outlying villages and plantations continue being built.
 * Artois: Military and economy are built up. Infrastructure and navy are built up. The nation prepares an army for the conflict in Britannia.
 * Free City of Danzig: The military, economy, infrastructure, and navy are built up, Danzig asks for an alliance with the current Prussian and Polish government.

1863
'''Abandonato and his group proclaim themselves the Italian Republican Front and continue to gain support from the lower classes of Northern Italy. Numbering almost 100,000, they are the largest Anti-Rome Group in Italy.'''

People living in the Germano-Bavarian colony of New Bavaria begin wondering why they are still tied to European powers when their neighbor Borealia is independent and a leading force against European influence in the region.


 * United German Kingdoms: New Mecklenburg in OTL Australia expands by 750 px. King Mary is surprised by Duke Dietrichs vote for her, and decides to cast her vote for herself. With the other four electors seemingly deciding to not vote, again, King Mary is set to become the first Holy Roman Empress. A devote Catholic, she initially expressed a desire for a papal coronation, but decides to opt for the Archbishop of Münster. Citing Hamburgs lack of a provision for "Queen" (hence why she's crowned "King"), she does insist on being titled "Holy Roman Emperor".


 * Sultanate of Bengal: Sultan Timur Ashraf Shah was proclaimed the Sultan of the Sultanate of Bengal on 1859, and he initiated his rule over the Sultanate soon after. The Bengali population rose about 80.5 million, mostly due to the large influx of Bengali immigrants coming from former Bengali crown vassals, for the economic opportunity was on the rise. The Empire officially began a reform of the economic system looking to bail the economy out of crisis from war debt, and the bullion was geared toward giving the empire a competitive edge in being able to invest millions on a whim in order to drive up investments and production. A new and strict tax system was established, based off the Sharia law, a decision lauded by the largely conservative populace. The monarchy also implemented a new currency system which was to be the well-regulated silver-based Bengali Tanki. Meanwhile, the Bengali military was divided into a Naval Force, Land Force and an Imperial Guard with each having their appointed head, answerable to the Sultan. The Bengali navy experimented its first ironclads and began further development of its new larger classes of steam engine ships, churning out first rate flagships for various fleets, and more third rates, and fourth rates with the occasional second rate to augment the smaller patrol fleets, the fifth and sixth rates began to become more standard as light and medium frigates for singular voyages and patrols among other things. For the land force, a standardized army of roughly 300,000 was raised with soldiers armed with modern rifles and with cannons to be used as the ideal seige equipment. The infantry was also equipped with daggers and swords, although the latter were usually ceremonial. The land forces acted to prevent any foreign incursion into Bengal whilst the Imperial Guard existed to thwart any attempt by revolutionaries to abolish the Sultanate. Given the lack of supply of armaments from Europe, many armament companies were established at local as well as national level which served national interests, as they actively engaged in production of firearms. In agriculture was the largest economic focus of Bengal, selling such goods as rice, wheat, maize, potatoes, indigo, opium, wheat, cannabis and other crops to European merchants as well as Indian. However, jute and muslin in particular, served as the most important exports of Bengal given the general need for such in Europe. The flocking of populations to Bengal coastal cities continued, with a mass increase of population in Visakhapatnam, Calcutta, Bhubaneswar, and various other minor cities and townships throughout the south. Of particular importance was the city of Calcutta which was established as the new capital of Bengal, replacing Pandua. Thus, with the constant inflow of manpower towards the coast, the Sultanate expanded upon its shipbuilding and fishery industry, and actively exploited the riches of the Bay of Bengal as it had been established as a virtual Bengali lake, with little to no opposition faced from Burma or Vijaynagar. Indeed, Bengal served as the principle centres of industry in the world. Along the same time, the Bengali Renaissance was in full swing with movements such as the Young Bengal movement established that espoused rationalism and atheism as the common denominators of civil conduct amongst the educated masses. The monarchy generally co-operated with the upholders of the renaissance, and brought forth social reforms in order to disband various backward practices such as belief in 'Priests' possessing powers which was termed shirk. Along the same time, education and scientific research was promoted amongst the masses, with schools and colleges constructed throughout the Sultanate. International-standard universities were also constructed at Kolkata, Pauda, Gaur and Visakhapatnam in order for Bengal to advance ahead of other Indian states and maintain a particular pace as the world entered into the stage of industrialization. However, it was the Bengali literature that reached its Golden Age with hundreds of poets and scholars sprouting throughout the Sultanate. The Sultanate itself promoted Urdu as well as Bengali, however it was generally the former which entered into its zenith since Urdu was largely used amongst the elites. The positive attitude of the populace towards industrialization aided in promoting it, with a railroad and telephone system established which connected the Sultanate and eased transportation and communication. Along the same time, Bengali influence steadily grew in Jaunpur with extensive co-operation and trade between the two states. The Sultans wife gives birth to a son. [Mil/Eco Turn]
 * Khedivate of Bahamani: Prince Imran Ashraf Shah married the daughter of Ibrahim Adil Shah, establishing a dynastic union between Bahamani and Bengal. The population of Bahamani stood at 25.6 million. Under their rule, construction for a new capital at Hyderabad was initiated. The Bengali Tanki was also imposed upon Bahamani as the new currency, and the trans-railroad system established in Bengal was extended into Bahamani. The Bahamani military was modernized, standing at roughly 80,000 and a major port and naval base was constructed at Mahmudpur, the latter which would act to maintain Bengali presence in the Arabian Sea. In the economic sector, rice played the role as a major food crop to be exported. However, other important crops such as cotton, sugar cane, mango and tobacco maintained a major presence in Bahamanis exports as well. Along the same time, the Bahamani textile industry reached new heights.
 * Bengal - Jaunpur Diplomacy: The Sultanate of Jaunpur is requested to adopt the Bengali Tanki as its official currency, given that it has already been adopted almost all of Jaunpur's major trading partners such as Bengal, Bahamani and Udaipur [MOD RESPONSE].
 * Korea: Korea continues to build up its military. Meanwhile, more Taoist, Neo-Confucian and Buddhist temples are built. Taoism rises in popularity and gains more followers. Regular (read: not Imperial) Shinto gains a few more followers as well, mainly along the coastline in Southeastern Korea, particularly in Busan, Jejudo, Ulsan, and the coastal cities and coastal towns of Southern Gyeongsang Province. Mahayana Tao-Shintoism also continues to grow, and begins gaining followers from the areas where Shinto is growing, with some Shintoists switching to Mahayana Tao-Shintoism. The military in the colony of Haejagang (해자강) continues to be on high alert and continues to heavily patrol the Korean settlements.
 * Duchy of Oldenburg: The Oldenburger delegate to Frankfurt casts his vote for Holy Roman Emperor, and then proceeds to visit various cafes in the city to kill time before the results are announced. Luckily for him, he's not averse to eating cakes, as the results could be some time in coming. In slightly more interesting news, the whole government breathes a collective sigh of relief after receiving Algonquia's response, and appoints Msgr Fr Franz Wolfenburg the permanent ambassador pleniopotentiary to Algonquia. A nice building in Oldenburg is also set aside for an Algonquian delegation. In order to avert potentially catastrophic misunderstandings in a timely fashion, the Landtag votes to establish a regular steamship packet running from Oldenburg to Jacqueline, with a ship leaving every Monday. The task of actually doing this falls to the OHG, which is always looking to diversify its investments. The OHG Packet is expected to be fully operational late next year. (Econ turn).
 * Andea: The Nationals win elections this year. Kurillianka, age 77, remains on the throne. The Nationals continue to reduce the power of the monarchy and increase the power of the Buenos Noches Congress and Council. Andeans begin to flock to Osea to gain new opportunities in industry and agriculture. Population stands at 28 million and rising slowly, due to the rapid migration of Andean's away from Andea proper. The Government continues to expand the industry and railroads of the nation, supporting the growth through government aid. The nation continues to lead the Second Hesperian League, and incorporates Osea into the Buenos Noches Council. They are granted six seats, and the size of the council is adjusted acordingly. In total, 100,000 Andeans enter Osea this year. Neo-Hesperianism emerges from the University of Cuzco. This school of thought calls for greater unity between Andea and her satellites, as opposed to the older schools of thought. In general, many Andeans begin to support Union. As Andeans flock to Osea, Apeac and Vorlayacor, they carry this support for union with them. Work on the transcontinental railroad continues, with the process expected to take 20 to 30 years.
 * ​Osean Confederation: The nation is nearly leveled by the war. In total, 53% of the nations infrastructure was destroyed over the course of the 14-year long civil war and almost one million civilians were killed. The population stands at nearly 5.6 million, with more Andeans entering the nation each year. The Mestizo culture begins to take hold in Andea, as the New World and Old World meld together. Osea continues rebuilding, with the effort being driven by Andean capital. Oseans themselves are treated as equals within Osea, with many local leaders working with the Andeans for the rebuilding effort. Osea itself is dividing into ten republics, under the banner of a confederation. The ten Republics are in decreasing order of population: Buenos Aires (one million), North Osea (900,000), South Osea (800,000), Uruguay (850,000), Cordoba (600,000), San Salvacion (400,000), Bolivia (350,000), Granada (250,000), Santiago (100,000) and Paraguay (80,000). The Republic of Osea is divided into North and South Osea. The Andeans continue to work with the local governments on the rebuilding process. Universities are planned, with hopes to attract more settlers from Andea. Industry is built up to attract low skill workers in search of jobs. Spaniards who desire to do so are allowed to leave the nation free of charge, with monetary reimbursment from Andea. Roughly 80,000 this year take this offer. Last Year's famine continues to cause issues, as over 50,000 people die.
 * Andean Overseas Territories: The Falkland Islands, under direct control of the Andean Military, prove to be a strategic location in protecting Vorlayacor's coast line. A military force of 35,000 is stationed on the islands.
 * Kingdom of Apeac: Military, economy and navy improve. Population stands at 400,000, as Andean settlers come in, seeking more land then they can get in their homeland. 4000 militiamen remain activated in the territory. 20,000 Andean military men remain active in the territory. Andean Settlers meet resistance from Mataco raiders, who attack settlements on the frontier. The nation mobilizes against Southern Osea.
 * Vorlayacor: Military, economy and navy improve. The nation sees a massive expansion of its infrastructure, with the Royal family owning much of the nation's infrastructure. Population stands at seven million. Military stands at 25,000 active men, with another 20,000 in reserve. Andean military bases have 35,000 men stationed. The War for independence continues, though Andean-Osean Forces make gains agiainst the nationals, with aid from the Loyalists in the territory.
 * Algonquia: Continues its military buildup after the conquest of Arcadia. Several Atlantic ports are built up as naval bases and heavily fortified to enforce Algonquian naval dominance of its immediate surroundings. New ships of the line are launched, while new gun foundries open to supply them. Some naval strategists wonder if even these ships will soon become obsolete, however, with the rumoured advent of ironclads in Europe. Europeans, encouraged by financial incentives, continue to flee Algonquia and return to their homelands. Algonquia continues to expand its overseas trade, with merchants opening trade routes to Africa and even into the Indian Ocean. The Council of Sachems issues the Nemiscau Declaration this year, stating that Algonquia will intervene to protect native populations across Borealia if they are abused. This legitimizes the conquest of Arcadia and much of Algonquia's foreign policy.
 * Labrador: With the European inhabitants increasingly marginalized by resettlement policies, they demand full land and linguistic rights in several protests to the Algonquian government. In response, the government orders the creation of "reservations", the land of which shall be permanently controlled by European groups. This comes at the cost of their having to move to these reservations and give up land outside of them. The Europeans agree enthusiastically, eager for legal protection, only to find that the reservations are mostly marginal and unarable land. By that point, however, they have lost all other land rights. Many begin to choose to sell their land on the reservations and move back to Europe, while others intermarry with Algonquians and adopt their culture in order to receive full rights. The military and economy continues to develop, unhindered by famine, and resettlement, particularly into the thousands of acres freed up by the reservation scheme, continues.
 * Morocco: The Kingdom of Morocco continues to improve its economy, infrastructure and build up its military. Morocco continues to westernize the nation and the population continues to grow. The nation expands by 10,000 sq km to keep it stronger and independent, with a few new cities built and roads built between old and new cities. More schools and houses are built and technology improves as well. Industry continues improving to become one of best works in Morocco, mostly new are built in largest populated areas of Morocco. Sunni Islam rises in popularity and gains more followers. After two first railway lines was opened, the Moroccan government creates a network of Moroccan railroads and for first time in African railroad history, Morocco becomes the first African country to build railroads and simply new parts of railroads are built between largest cities.
 * BoraliaFlag.pngCommonwealth of Borealia: Both the military and economy improve. The continual industrial revolution has led to an increasing birth rate. Recent theories on economics and agriculture have led to the expansion of businesses at an exponential rate, including various forms of manufacturing, mining and printing. Machines using steam power are also popular, as the first factories appear. Some of these businesses are also internationally based, buying and selling to the neighboring colonies of France, Britain and Scandinavia, as well as the sovereign states of Reme, Arcadia, Aragon, Algonquia and Germany. The most productive of these businesses is the buffalo industry, monopolized by a few companies based in Kristallstadt (OTL Salt Lake City). The professional army and cavalry are continually trained, while the forts on both borders are expanded and new artillery is manufactured. Rifles are now standard equipment across the military. Caravels and frigates fitted with steam engines are constructed while coastal merchant trade expands across the Pacific, particularly in Hawaii. The University of New Vienna continues to produce new intellectuals and engineers. Railroads for steam engines begin to be built to span many cities across the plains. As military and diplomatic support is sent to Reme, the curia also offers to mass manufacture raw materials from them and sell bison products. A massive amount of gold is struck in California, followed by a second wave in Alaska three months later. By the end of the year, the economy of San Francisco begins to rival that of Kristallstadt, and the immigrant population of Alaska continues to climb. More settlers move into the northern territories. An oil vein is struck in California, but it is still being analysed. We offer New Bavaria representation in the Curia in the event that Germany grants them independence. The Romanesque movement begins to wind down, although it leaves a permanent affect on Borealian culture, and the Romanesque leaders continue to fight against discrimination.
 * Tartary: The economy and military of Tartary are developed this year. Farming is the largest industry throughout the nation. The nation continues to develop cities. The population of Tartary continues to become larger. Tartary looks to establish an alliance with Scandinavia. We continue to expand 1000 px northeast. The Emperor position is re-established, and Alexis I becomes the Emperor.
 * Great Perm: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Azov: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bukhara: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Bajkal: We build up our military and economy.
 * Khanate of Khiva: We build up our military and economy.
 * Kingdom of Parthia: We build up our military and economy.
 * The Caliphate: Drastically develops military and the economy of the nation. We begin to construct the nation to its previous extent and glory. With the agreement with Rome, we begin to ease tensions with our previous enemy. Also, with the ownership of the entire Persian Gulf, we dominate trade in the region. We improve Mecca every year, donating a significant part of our treasury to the Holy City. As our steady population increases, so does our economy. A significant number of ships are built for our fleet. As we also begin to modernize our army, we improve the many cities of the Caliphate, specifically in Arabia and Iraq.
 * The Caliphate: Drastically develops military and the economy of the nation. We begin to construct the nation to its previous extent and glory. With the agreement with Rome, we begin to ease tensions with our previous enemy. Also, with the ownership of the entire Persian Gulf, we dominate trade in the region. We improve Mecca every year, donating a significant part of our treasury to the Holy City. As our steady population increases, so does our economy. A significant number of ships are built for our fleet. As we also begin to modernize our army, we improve the many cities of the Caliphate, specifically in Arabia and Iraq.