Principia Moderni IV (Map Game)

The Ming Dynasty still rules over the vast lands of China. On the other side of the world, the Hundred Years War continues between England and France. Europe is still stuck in the old ways of feudalism and chivalry while the notions of a New World are considered figments of the imagination.

We welcome you to the long-awaited fourth expansion of that immortal series. Welcome to Principia Moderni IV! Starting in 1400 AD, this is the dawn of the modern world and the tail end of the Middle Ages. The Renaissance is just kicking off in Europe, while the nations in the western side of the continent are locked in the last gasp of the Hundred Years War. The Muslim world is still reeling from the invasions of Turks and Mongols, with the Caliphate resting in the collapsing Mamluk Egypt and the Ottomans on the rise in Anatolia. Make it count.

The first game was the most successful on the wiki, leading all the way to the modern day with mostly plausible posts and little controversy. The second game reached almost to the modern day, but failed due to a plethora of ASB events and moderator bias. The third game was much more worthy of the first, almost running into implausibility but climbing back into a shining glory by the end. Riding on the latest reforms of map games since the end of PMIII, this is the most logical next step in that evolution. Remember, above all other rules, — have fun.



Important Pages

 * Rules and Algorithm
 * Alliances 
 * Holy Roman Empire
 * Feudal Dynasties
 * College of Cardinals
 * Nations

The Night's Watch (Moderators)

 * Lord Commander Scrawland
 * The Mountain that Rides Feudy McPlagueface
 * The Rising Tide Solace
 * Eunuch Person67
 * Stephanus rex

The Wildlings
All users currently on the wiki may play unless otherwise noted.

Banned Users
A ban from plausibility strikes lasts 30 days, after which the third strike is repealed and the banned player is unbanned. However, the newly unbanned player rejoins the game with two strikes, as a form of probation.
 * Bear - 1648

Banned temporarily

 * No players have yet been temporarily banned

Plausibility Strikes
'''Three strikes and you're out! Each strike resets after 30 years of the most recent strike.'''
 * Fallacy I
 * Eljefe316 I

Moderator Strikes
These are strikes for moderators and how they moderate. The same three strikes rules apply. If a moderator is banned from moderating. However, they can still play as their nation. Mod strikes can be delivered in one of three ways: Moderators can be given strikes for the following reasons:
 * 1) If a sufficient number of players (more than half of all players voting) vote to give a moderator a strike.
 * 2) If I, Scraw, give them a strike.
 * 3) If a majority of all mods (i.e., more than half of the total number of mods, excluding that moderator) vote to give a moderator a strike.
 * 1) Exhibiting bias that would benefit the nation they are playing.
 * 2) Exhibiting bias that would negatively affect a player they have a personal dispute with.
 * 3) Making a ruling that contradicts a proven fact from OTL or an established fact from earlier in the game.
 * 4) Overruling a decision of a majority of moderators.



1900
''' Centuries of unity within the Catholic church finally collapse with the French Cardinal Nathaniel resigning from the church and publishing his 1900 reformation thesis. It argues for a religious theocratic state which intervenes in social issues restricting various crimes against religion such as heresy, blasphemy, drinking and prostitution as well as enacting protection of the poor. '''

''' In Brésil, Rhineland, Prussia, Austria and Colombia this movement takes hold as major church figures resign in support of Cardinal Nathaniel and his views. Many people agree with his views but are unwilling to force the issue right now. '''

''' Fight breaks out in France between secularists and the Nathanites which is largely a rural against urban divide. The French army begins suppression of the Nathanites but they form their own forces and begin fighting back in an insurgency. '''

''' The Kalamata race in a surprising turn of events was won by Ali Bakr motors. Their vehicles become increasingly popular especially inside the Belkan commonwealth. DeLorean's car was leading the race for a long time but it exploded before the finish line wounding him very badly. '''

''' The naval arms race continues with Britain having 24, France having 16, Prussia having ten, Rhineland having nine and Russia having nine capital ships with all nations continuing construction. '''


 * Kingdom of Egypt: After a very shocking victory from Ali Bakr Motors, automobiles - specifically those made by ABM (Ali Bakr Motors). Ali Bakr is made a national hero, with Abasi Zaan becoming a national celebrity and being featured on many post cards. We officially begin industrializing on a full scale, with factories being constructed all throughout our major cities (Alexandria, Giza and Alia), and begin using propaganda posters and mass media to promote the job of an industrial worker. Some economists dub this new boom in the economy as the “20th Century Golden Age”. The Egyptian Coptic Christians declare their loyalty to the Coptic church, and so whomever they side with, is what they adhere to in this conflict. We continue to fund education and build schools throughout the country, along with funding a more secular science thing - I don't know. Egyptian nationalism rises. We fortify the Egyptian-controlled Suez Canal. We continue to grow papyrus, flux, tobacco, cotton for the European market, rivaling other markets (India, China).
 * Scandinavia: Greenland and Jan Mayen are officially sold to Vinland for 25 million Vinlandic krona.


 * Republica Ibérica: Negotiations with Swahili are opened in the interests of preventing greater loss of life. After several weeks, an agreement is reached. Iberia will take the Swahili colonies in south west Africa. Swahili citizens in these colonies will be granted full legal protections, and Swahili will maintain a 50-year lease on a port facility and adjacent municipal districts of their choice. The crisis and France is watched with a mixture of horror and awe in the Iberian Parliament. Reports of massacres and attacks on civilians are reminiscent of an earlier -less civilized- age and cause a degree of concern for the security of Iberians near the border. In response, the Guardia Nacional is mobilized, and the corps of 100,000 men is sent to the northern regions of Iberia to prevent any trouble. The Guardia is also authorized to create a second corps of 100,000 reservists. The population is estimated to be 50.73 million. Research, science and development come to dominate Iberian higher education. In Barcelona, Alberto Enciso begins researching several of the mysteries of electromagnetism and light itself. Herrero Motorworks, although not the winner of the Kalamata demonstrated Iberian engineering with a strong showing until the last 20 kilometers. Unfortunately, while in second place, the automobile struck a large pothole which damaged not only the right rear wheel, but also the transmission. Despite the defeat, Señor Herrero himself pledges that the company will overcome, and begins personally working to establish an Iberian Motor Racing League. With backing from several newspapers and wealthy car enthusiasts the league is formed, and invitations extended to all attendees of the Kalamata Race for another race from Girona to San Sebastian. Other contenders are also welcome, including Iberia’s own Correia Motor Company. Race Carlos Martín and the Iberian Sun Power Company develop several new solar projects. The introduction of a 240 KW low pressure turbine allows solar thermal to really excel. The first solar farm in Morocco is built by the company to pump water for industrial purposes. The shipyards of Catalonia are in full swing finishing the first classes of the Iberian bi-annual ship orders. A new class of four battleships is ordered. The Beira-class is the most heavily armored and armed class of Iberian battleships to date and emphasizes improved speed. Furthermore, the Andalucia-class is ordered modernized with the addition of improved power plants and weapons. Additionally, the ships receive a thin layer of spaced armor as protection from torpedoes and smaller high-explosive shells.
 * Republica de Morocco: The national census estimates the population to be 10.82 million. The economy of Morocco continues to grow rapidly due to Iberian investment and technical aid. Wages hover at just about 90% of those in Iberia, but are rising. The steel industry expands rapidly as does the rail network. Phosphate production develops as a major sector of the Moroccan economy as does the synthesis of phosphorus fertilizer. Agricultural mechanization along with water conservation and management projects lead to aggressive growth in the agricultural sector. Reformist Maghrebi Islam spreads with government support. After the decades of conversions, the sect now includes nearly 48% of the population. Culturally, the population has become more liberalized, with increasing importance placed on personal freedoms. Meanwhile, the educational reforms of the previous few years have contributed to rising literacy. With literacy and education on the rise, Iberian becomes a common second language and a major language of commerce in Morocco. Although it is not part of the mandatory curriculum, many Moroccans voluntarily learn it through classes offered after school.
 * Dependencia de Algeria: The population of Algeria reaches 6.65 million and of these, 3.23 million are European. Algerian migration to Morocco continues en masse to escape the poverty of interior Algeria. The interior economy remains very poor with limited adoption of modern technology. Meanwhile, along the coast and in Mostaganem there is rapid development as European migrants implement modern farming, manufacturing and financial methods from their homes.
 * Antillas Ibéricas: The colony continues to enjoy the profits of salt and sugar production. Educational reforms spread as the government promotes literacy and basic mathematics.
 * Indias Orientales Ibéricas: The colony continues to enjoy the profits of spice and rubber production. Educational reforms spread as the government promotes literacy and basic mathematics.
 * República Africana Ibérica: The republic continues expansion efforts along the Sahel north of the French holdings in West Africa. Gold and other minerals constitute the major economic sector in Senegay. Aluminium production grows this year and port facilities are modernized to facilitate its export.


 * Great Empire of China–Korea: The People's Action Party begins to advocate for a more pragmatic view of international politics and relations, and seek to ingrain the age-old policy of buffer zones and neutralized neighbors into foreign policy. While that has been achieved with the liberation of Dzungaria and Altishahria and Dai Viet from Russian and Burgundian encroachment respectively, and ultimately the establishment of the Compact of Free Association; the two-decades-long "Japan Problem" has prevented the full neutralization of China–Korea's neighbours, and implicated national security–assuming Japan allies with a foreign power. As a result, many are now advocating for the usage of gunboat diplomacy against Japan or even a full-scale invasion to seize the important island of Taiwan and to place restrictions on its military power. With a war seemingly on the horizon, both Premier Zhou Xiaolong and the Huifu Emperor both declare symbolic speeches to empower the people and to muster popular support. Educational attainment rises, with increasing enrollment into imperial universities. Rapid industrialization and economic modernization continue. China–Korea continues to produce large quantities of textiles, synthetic dyes, steel, as well as machinery and construction material. Telecommunications and railway lines are built. The goals of the 1895 Naval Bill are met, with the construction and commissioning of thirteen frigates this year. As a result, the Imperial Navy now consists of 165 warships, specifically: six battleships, 12 armored cruisers and light cruisers each, 75 destroyers and 60 frigates. The 1899 order for battleships is expected to arrive in 1902, which upon arrival, would complete the requirement for China–Korea to achieve security and undisputed dominance of its territorial waters as delineated by the ISKN. In addition, 80 patrol boats have been made since 1898. To facilitate China-Korea's growing naval capabilities, coaling stations and minor ship repair facilities are built along the coast. Arms production continues to grow rapidly, with repeating rifles and their carbine derivatives, field artillery, machine guns and their respective ammunition being produced.
 * Tibet (protectorate): Civic buildings are constructed in the capital of Lhasa, which is inhabited by ~20,000 residents. Sedentary living is encouraged, with the little available arable land being intensively cultivated. Major crops include wheat and rye. A garrison of a single brigade (~5000) is stationed there, armed with Needle Rifles.
 * Altishahria (protectorate): More mining facilities are opened in Aksu, exploiting the Tarim basin's mining resources. Lucrative minerals such as soda, borax and jade are the country's main exports to China–Korea. In addition to grains, cash crops are grown, specifically grapes, melons, pears, and walnuts. There is a ranching boom, with many former pastoralists establishing enclosures for livestock. The main product is wool (from sheep), with processing facilities established in the capital and other major cities as preparation for further processing in China–Korea's textile mills. Korla becomes Altishahria's largest city due to continuous migration and its position as a major break-of-bulk point, with a total of ~200,000 inhabitants (one-tenth of the total population). As a result, the Altishahr government relocates there and various civic buildings are constructed. A garrison of two divisions (~20,000) is stationed there, armed with Needle Rifles.
 * Dzungaria (protectorate): Civic buildings are constructed in Ghulja, which is inhabited by 20,000 residents. The nationalized Dzungar Oil Company increases the scale of their operations in the area, constructing multiple oil mines and refineries. In addition to supplying energy to northwest China, the company also provides kerosene for street lamps as well as other industrial chemicals via distillation. A garrison of twelve divisions (~120,000) is present, armed with Needle Rifles. The bulk of this military force is stationed in the Dzungarian Gate, which is heavily fortified due to its position as the sole overland entry point into Western China.
 * Dai Viet (protectorate): Under the guidance of China, the Vietnamese economy and government structure are radically reformed. The Vietnamese bureaucracy is simplified and is made open to all classes. Furthermore, the educational curriculum now includes not only Confucian canon but Western subjects, specifically mathematics, literature and the sciences. The taxation reform is reformed to relieve peasants of any tax burdens and peasants are taught techniques and given capital to improve their cultivation methods – thereby boosting productivity. Cultivation of coffee and the raising of shrimp and fish for commercial purposes (mainly for export) begins. In addition, small-scale cultivation of tobacco commences but focuses on quality rather than quantity due to the inability to compete with European possessions in the industry. A local force of ~20,000 troops are trained, which defend Dai Viet alongside with ~30,000 Sino–Korean troops.


 * FS of Arcadia: After the success of the first glider, Henry S. Hocking began, with the help of a scientist and friend, to build a basic frame for his glider - the glider getting a slight redesign after every test. With all these redesigns he's able to make the first 100-foot seated glide. The difference between seated and holding being that while seated you can in theory maneuver and adjust it more. Henry and Nikolas begin also to look for a way to power these gliders so that they can have the first flight powered by mechanical might instead of just running speed and the weight of the glider. With a new era coming some begin to believe that FSA flags, anthems and other symbology should be replaced with a more uniting versions or replacements. This is part of a movement of historic revivalism which aims to get Old German, Russian, Salish and Athabaskan symbols in use. Electric power centrals are being built with most of them being built in Bergsorbia. This is due to the open space that is available and due to the large amount of turf that can be found in the region. Most of these centrals are powered by the turf but some are being powered by hydroelectric dams. Due to this, Bergsorbia has become the centre of electricity generation.
 * The nation of New England fights this year in the border states against the hostile northerners and dissidents. League membership from Ohio State increases, as that region is on the forefront. Arthur Wellesley delivers a speech promising the revitalization of that region, with a re-population, a re-building and more, that peace is on the way and that aid is on the way. Also, his government faces several adversities. There is a growing debate over unification with our brother nations. It is argued that this would strengthen our cause, while it is counter-argued that there is no sense antagonizing our enemies, or stretching ourselves thin. In the meantime, troops are sent to the north of the nation. Troops are also sent to the west to help settle the frontier and soldiers are placed along the border with the FSA to make sure there is no settlement by them in our claimed lands. The peace talks are in progress and we hope to reach a conclusion and start rebuilding.


 * Imperial Swahili Federation: We continue colonial expansion in Northern Somalia, in the south and in the Malindi and Mombasa area. Colonization increases as medicine and weaponry become more widespread. Agricultural modernization continues in Swahili. Further industrialization continues. A telegraph system is being constructed within Swahili. With the end of the Kalamata race, the Swahili consulate invites DeLorean to work in Swahili, as the Sofala Madrassah believes his mechanical genius would be of great use to Swahili intellectual and scientific developments. The Swahili army and navy is demobilised. With war averted, a cleric has written a song exalting the greatness of God in preserving peace. The song, "Baba Yetu", written in Swahili proved immensely popular and is soon adopted as an unofficial anthem. However, the crisis had also caused concern of the state of the Swahili navy and a naval expansion program is passed. Four battleships shall be ordered from the leading European naval powers, and the Mogadishu, Sofala, Ibo, Zanzibar and Madagascar naval bases shall undergo expansion. With the abandonment of Britain and help from Belka during the crisis, the government begins reorienting itself to pursue closer ties with Belka.
 * Buha: With the acceptance of Swahili overlordship, Swahili soldiers are garrisoned within Buha. Schools and mosques are established as Swahili capital flows into Buha, particularly in the Great Lakes regions.
 * Borealia: With the demand for new ships at an all-time high, shipyards are expanded, and new ones created near major ports. New ships are constructed and added to the blockade, which continues to launch strikes against hostile ships. Prefabrication and other techniques are implemented to increase the speed at which ships are built. The Westen brothers successfully fly their powered, manned aircraft for a short flight north of New Amsterdam. Initially, their feat is met by skepticism, and the public is slow to react to the event. The Vandenhoek Motor Company, desperate to increase their sales after a lackluster performance at the Kalamata Race, reach out to the brothers and offer a partnership. Working jointly, Vandenhoek and the newly created Westen Company, create a new prototype, and also gain the attention of the government. Willem Luyt, the officer overseeing the introduction of the Steppen into the military, meets with the group and is impressed by a test flight. Luyt orders the creation of an airfield north of his base at Wilmington, and sets up the Westen brothers with a small amount of support and funding. A project begins to construct a series of secret metro systems underneath all major cities, linking capitol buildings, government agencies and other important buildings to each other, and to underground bunkers. The project begins in Sint Jan, and will allow representatives to reach the parliament building without being disturbed if they wish, with tunnels being placed far below the surface and the public metro systems. The 1st Mechanized Brigade is transferred to Wilmington where it undergoes testing and sees combat against insurgents. Resettlement and deportations continue, with a large number of people moving/being moved to Vinland, Guyana, West Africa, Avelskamp, Bovenstland, and elsewhere. As a result Koebec and Nausetia both have a high Burgundian majority. After the Populist Party's brief rise to power in the 1890s, Henri Bergansius of the Democratic Party is elected, ushering in the harsh policies meant to end the insurgency. With the Liberal and Populist parties faltering, the Progressive Party is founded this year, as a response to the rapid modernization of the nation.


 * Kingdom of Burgundy: The SMS Herzog Guise (SS-31), the last of the Graf Kotte-class battleships, is laid down. The first of the armored cruisers order by Hawaii is delivered, along with three decommissioned protected cruisers also purchased by the kingdom. The Japanese battleships Shikishima and Asahi are completed this year, and are sent to Asia, also with them are engineers assigned to help Japan develop the shipyards and capability to built such battleships natively. They are escorted by the four battleships of the Holland-class, which after a brief visit in Yokosuka, return to Singapore to form the battle line of the Singapore fleet for a few years. Three ships of the Nanzeg-class armored cruisers enter service. Seeing the instability in France, an offer of Burgundian assistance is extended to the French secularists (MOD RESPONSE, PLEASE).
 * The French accept the Burgundian offer of help.
 * Vinland: With the acquisition of Greenland and Jan Mayen a massive integration process begins. Immigration is supported and those who immigrate will get citizenship within one year. A local group in the parliament known as the group of three wishes to declare a monarchy but the republican government is still popular. With the turn of the century a big celebration is held all over Vinland.

1901
''' In Brésil, the Temperance League members march on the capital demanding prohibition and camp out refusing to move. '''

''' In France, Nathanite insurgents are forced back by the army into their support base of the countryside where they begin to establish a de facto rule as people fear to go against them with the French and Burgundian army offering little protection. Cardinal Nathan goes into hiding in Prussia. '''

''' In Austria, Prussia and the Rhineland, religious issues are slightly more civil with many setting up their own places of worship and enforcing their own moral standards. '''

''' In Russia, there is continued migration to Siberia with accelerated growth in industry in the three cities of Tomsk, Tobolsk and Irktusk as they all build large state owned power stations to power factories and street lamps. '''

''' Japan's purchase of two new capital ships from Burgundy leads the navy to put pressure on the government to start a war with China before its navy can outnumber them. '''

''' Napoleon III and his forces defeat General Holt. A purge of Holt's loyalists follows and Napoleon III enacts military reform to prevent over-mighty generals from amassing such power in the future. '''
 * Kingdom of Egypt: The 20th Century Golden Age continues, with our industrialization campaign continuing in full steam as factories fill up numerous empty plots in order and to use propaganda and mass media to recruit more workers, which slowly begins to succeed as many of the factories get filled up with factories, but most Egyptians stick with their pre-industrial jobs and agriculture still a big thing. We decide that we should use the factories we have to construct machines to make farmer’s jobs easier, and so we construct a cotton gin and distribute it to farmers, showing them how it works and such. If this is successful, the machines should show others in rural and impoverished parts of Egypt the wonders of industrialization and maybe will cause them to migrate to the big cities in order to get jobs. We make the qualification levels for being a factory worker very loose in order to get more appeal, and also offer higher wages. Royal decree 30616 is put into action by the King, that basically gives the go ahead to a massive overhaul of the Suez port, but despite him executing the plan, in reality it was Prime Minister Omar Ismali’s idea, as he is working to expand the Egyptian economy into the best in Africa and the Islamic World. We continue to secularize education. We build forts in our zone in the Suez. Egyptian nationalism increases.


 * Kingdom of Burgundy: The Burgundian Royal Army deploys two bands (corps) of 15,000 men each in their involvement in the current French civil strife. The XVII Band is deployed to Upper Normandy, and the XXII Band to Nevers. They operate under orders to counteract any Nathanite influence, and to uphold the secular rule of law. The Brandenburg-class battleships SMS Brandenburg (SS-27), SMS Hohenstaufen (SS-28), and SMS Gerulfing (SS-29) are commissioned into the Navy. All six ships of the Graf Kotte-class are launched in the meantime. The IJN Hatsuse and IJN Mikasa are completed and sent to join their consorts in Japan, this year under escort from three armored cruisers bound for their own service in the Royal Hawaiian Navy, and five light cruisers and 15 destroyers for the Singapore Fleet. The completion of the “four-ship, five-year” contract for the IJN almost a year early brings a good deal of pride to the Burgundian shipbuilding industry, so much that Carnegie Eisenwerken and Blohm & Wolff (the two shipyards who built the Japanese battleships) allows their yard workers a week's vacation in appreciation. In other news, the Crown Colony of Guyana is reorganized as the Kingdom of Guyana, a self governing dominion, with a foreign policy linked to Burgundy proper, and under the military protection of the Royal Armed Forces. At the same time, the territory of Patagonië is granted incorporated status as the Duchy of Patagonië, that is essentially admitting them as a province of Burgundy. With the Chinese declaration of war on Japan, the Singapore Fleet is put on readiness should the conflict spill over. Burgundian citizens in Japan are advised to avoid active war zones. Using the Chinese declaration of war on Japan as an example of Chinese expansionism and militarism, and offer of protectorate status is sent to the Kings of Cambodia and Lan Xang (Laos) (mod response pls). Utilizing technology shared by Borealia, the Kinnigleche Marine commissions its first submarine, SM U-1. The Navy puts forward a finalized design of the Grafleche Bourgogne-class, which includes an intermediate battery of four 9.4”/45 caliber guns in four single turrets mounted on the wings of the ships. The States-General authorizes the construction of five of the battleships.
 * Sino–Korean diplomacy ( MOD RESPONSE ): As a response to Burgundian attempts to subjugate Lan Xang and Cambodia and intrude into the Sino–Korean sphere, an offer is sent to both for them to join the Compact of Free Association; citing the loss of political rights in Burgundian colonies in Southeast Asia, contrasting to the free democracies and thriving economies propped up in Sino–Korean protectorates.
 * Land Xang and Cambodia go with Burgundy.


 * Great Empire of China–Korea: Premier Zhou Xiaolong signs a document officially declaring war on Japan, an act that is symbolically approved by the Huifu Emperor. The news quickly spreads throughout China–Korea and as well as its protectorates. This renews a sense of Hua nationalism, and many praise the war – colloquially referred to as the Fourth Sino–Japanese War (and marking the fifth time the House of Jin has fought against the Japanese) – as a final solution to the "Japan Problem" and the assertion of Sino–Korean hegemony over East Asia. However, concerned with a potential Burgundian intervention, China–Korea calls upon Belka for diplomatic and military aid as promised by our alliance; and promises to leave the strategically important Micronesian islands as a concession. Prior to a large-scale mobilization of troops, the fortifications of Guangzhou and Shanghai are reinforced. Busan is also heavily fortified, while extensive fortifications are built on the island of Daemado. The importance of Daemado, which allows China–Korea to maintain control over the Korea Strait, is heavily emphasized. It also provides an effective break-of-bulk point and a center for reinforcements and deliveries of military material. The number of military troops allocated to defensive roles is increased to a million, while ~250,000 are conscripted to fight in Japan. Around a fourth of the merchant fleet is recruited to become temporary troop carriers, being able to send troops from Busan to Fukuoka within eight hours (double that for a round-trip) at 25 kmph. The Southern Fleet, consisting of six battleships, armored cruisers, and cruisers each, 35 destroyers, and 30 frigates, is placed under high alert. Around two-thirds of the Northern Fleet (of similar composition) is deployed from its home ports of Dongying and Busan to repel the Japanese Fleet off the Korea Strait, seeing astounding success. A naval landing is launched on Fukuoka, with an initial invasion force numbering ~100,000 troops. After seizing much of the city, huge numbers of reinforcements arrive, and the number of troops there swells to ~250,000. Similarly, it beats back the Japanese forces and Fukuoka is now occupied by the Sino–Koreans - now leaving a gateway to the Taiheyō Belt, onto the Kanto plain. This also effectively inhibits Japan's capability to defend Takasago (or Taiwan), and the islands of Kyushu and Shikoku. A propaganda campaign is launched in Taiwan to incite rebellion among the Hakka Chinese living in the southern portion of the island, as well as the Ryukyuans, hoping it will ease future conquest. To avoid dealing with civil unrest, grain is provided to civilians, while any arsenals and munitions plants are raided and destroyed. Any usable firearm is seized, and any telegram and railway networks are repurposed to gain insight in the Japanese. A propaganda campaign is launched showing pictures of the state of traditional Japanese villages and statistics of development (which portray Japan as lagging far behind China) – contrasting them with pictures of Sino–Korean city centers and luxury goods. Amidst this nationalistic frenzy, Ma Raya launches a studio album, Butterfly. Singles "Honey" and "My All" (the latter inspired by her trip to Iberia and Atzlan) become instant chart-toppers, though she becomes embroiled in legal troubles after protesting the limited releases of the title track "Butterfly" and "Breakdown". Her rendition of the national anthem, "Sons and Daughters of Heaven" is also re-released, and once again peaks at the Number One spot. Educational attainment rises, with increasing enrollment into imperial universities. Rapid industrialization and economic modernization continue. China–Korea continues to produce large quantities of textiles, synthetic dyes, steel, as well as machinery and construction material. Telecommunications and railway lines are built. With heightened demand, the production of armaments once again increases exponentially, with the manufacturing of repeating rifles and their carbine derivatives, field artillery, machine guns, and their respective ammunition.
 * Tibet (protectorate): Civic buildings are constructed in the capital of Lhasa, which is inhabited by ~20,000 residents. Sedentary living is encouraged, with the little available arable land being intensively cultivated. Major crops include wheat and rye. A garrison of a single brigade (~5000) is stationed there, armed with Needle Rifles.
 * Altishahria (protectorate): More mining facilities are opened in Aksu, exploiting the Tarim basin's mining resources. Lucrative minerals such as soda, borax and jade are the country's main exports to China–Korea. In addition to grains, cash crops are grown, specifically grapes, melons, pears, and walnuts. There is a ranching boom, with many former pastoralists establishing enclosures for livestock. The main product is wool (from sheep), with processing facilities established in the capital and other major cities as preparation for further processing in China–Korea's textile mills. Korla becomes Altishahria's largest city due to continuous migration and its position as a major break-of-bulk point, with a total of ~200,000 inhabitants (a tenth of the total population). As a result, the Altishahr government relocates there, and various civic buildings are constructed. A garrison of two divisions (~20,000) is stationed there, armed with Needle Rifles.
 * Dzungaria (protectorate): Civic buildings are constructed in Ghulja, which is inhabited by 20,000 residents. The nationalized Dzungar Oil Company increases the scale of their operations in the area, constructing multiple oil mines and refineries. In addition to supplying energy to northwest China, the company also provides kerosene for street lamps as well as other industrial chemicals via distillation. A garrison of twelve divisions (~120,000) is present, armed with Needle Rifles. The bulk of this military force is stationed in the Dzungarian Gate, which is heavily fortified due to its position as the sole overland entry point into Western China.
 * Dai Viet (protectorate): Under the guidance of China, the Vietnamese economy and government structure are radically reformed. A centralized bank, known as the "Central Bank of Vietnam" (CBV) is established to preside over the country's financial situation. The peasantry are taught techniques and granted capital to improve their cultivation methods – thereby boosting productivity. Cultivation of coffee, and the raising of shrimp and fish for commercial purposes (mainly for export) continues and is highly successful. In addition, small-scale cultivation of tobacco commences but focuses on quality rather than quantity due to the inability to compete with European possessions in the industry. A force of ~50,000 troops is present, half of which are Vietnamese.
 * Sino–Korean diplomacy ( MOD RESPONSE ): As a response to Burgundian attempts to subjugate Lan Xang and Cambodia and intrude into the Sino–Korean sphere, an offer is sent to both for them to join the Compact of Free Association; citing the loss of political rights in Burgundian colonies in Southeast Asia, contrasting to the free democracies and thriving economies propped up in Sino–Korean protectorates.


 * FS of Arcadia: There is a new minor immigration wave coming, from groups that speak minority languages. This is due to some communities fleeing their native lands to be able to set up communities following their strict interpretation of Christianity and Bible law. They also prefer their culture unmixed and without any modern machinery. Although the amount of anti-industrialism varies widely by group. With the most notable groups being the West Flemish, Limburgish and East Frisian. Although their numbers are only around 1000 their impact is quite great. Henry S Hocking and his friend and scientist Nikolas G Rackling begin to experiment with Brésilian and Borealian motors technology. The first flight with a heavier then air Motergleiter the distance was only around 150 feet. This did show that it is possible to fly with a motor and that with innovation in design of the Motergleiter and improvement with the motor it will be able to fly for more then 300 feet. They believe it will be possible in around one year and maybe sooner with more funding. With more electricity available the amount of telegraph, electric lighting, cameras begin to increase drastically. With a new introduced device getting known and used, this new device is called the telephone although it is commonly as phone. This technology is rapidly being adopted for military use this is by having the companies do some extra preparations so when it is needed it can be deployed faster and relaid if needed. The first Arcadian marksmen's festival is celebrated in the town of Stadtneuhaus. Marksmen festivals are a north German tradition that came from the old vigilant groups that were set up to defend their respective cities. Today these militias have survived in the rural areas of Arcadia as they were brought by German immigrants, even though they are not involved in any warfare. At these festivals, a marksmen militia chooses a "king" by a target-shooting contest on a wooden bird on a pole. The "king" is a more or less representative position within the shooting club, yet he has to pay for the drinks, hangover and meals for the whole club and other visitors of the festival. The shooting clubs in rural Arcadia are also used to secure cut off settlements from outside threats like wild animals and function (even if it's unusual) as a help for the local militia, while the clubs in urban areas are more of a freetime activity for men and boys.


 * Imperial Swahili Federation: We continue colonial expansion in Northern Somalia, in the south and in the Malindi and Mombasa area. Colonization increases as medicine and weaponry become more widespread. Agricultural modernization continues in Swahili. Further industrialization continues. Several cities in Swahili have slowly become centers of industrial output. DeLorean is again invited to work in Swahili. Several British businesses and holdings Southern Swahili are being bought out by Swahili banks with clandestine support from the government.
 * Buha: Several ports are constructed along the Great Lakes while more soldiers are sent to garrison Buha. Swahili advisors see to begin modernisation within Buha.
 * Swahili Diplomacy to Belka: We wish to order four battleships from Belkan shipyards.
 * Belkan Dip: We agree. Expect them finished by 1903.
 * Belkan Empire: In accordance with the Sino-Belkan agreements and with some vested policy and economic interest in the conflict Vozdh Bukharain with support of the Supreme Soviet in an interest to test the military waters of a Sino-Belkan war together provides the support to the Chinese and marshals two task forces, one as a full replacement of the outdated East Asia fleet, and another as a major battlefleet to operate in support of combat operations. Combined the Belkan navy marshals the new East Asia Squadron consisting of four new battleships four armored cruisers, seven light cruisers, and 30 destroyers. The Second Fleet - marshaled from various Belkan home water and Mediterranean patrols - is made up of six battleships almost all of the Sofiya-class, eight light cruisers, four armored cruisers, and 40 destroyers are deployed as well. They sail through Suez in short order as the two modern fleets reach Asia within a few months redeploying the New East Asia Squadron to Fortress Durestov (Hong Kong) and Battle group Typhoon being forward deployed to the crown colony of Manila. Seeing the necessity to begin operations to take quite a few islands, and possibly make landing on the Japanese Home Islands and in Taiwan as well, the Belkan army creates the Far Eastern Expeditionary force under a rising general, General Vladislav Tarkovsky who is famed for is unconventional papers and strategies at the Avala War College located in Belgrade. Marshaling nearly 100,000 troops the Belkan army arrives in Durestov shortly after the East Asia Squadron. Waiting to see the initial moves of the Chinese, the Belkan forces begin to build up its colonial forces as well specifically drawing up nearly 50,000 Manilan troops and readying the 40,000 strong Manila garrison for conflict as well. Burma is also put on the ready but in more of a training sense as it mobilizes nearly 100,000 troops but this is seen more as a training situation than the forces actually getting deployed. At home the economy is prepared to take some losses in shipping from Asia as a result of the war but not much other than a complete routing of the Japanese is expected. At the same time the Belkan expenses to invade the Congolese states is made bearable and an invasion of the first state directly adjacent to Zaire is made with nearly 80,000 troops guided by African auxiliaries. The Belkan fleet testing itself in its first modern naval war begin to ramp up its production of escorts producing nearly 50 destroyers over the last few years as well as beginning the construction of ten of the Sofiya MKII battleships, a design improvement over the original Sofiya class. The economy officially becomes the Largest in Europe as the collection of economic interests abroad, the commonwealth's economic prosperity coming to a head and the Chinese market finally maturing brings the Belkan economy into a rapid acceleration which is in sharp contrast to the last few years of Recession as a result of the huge naval buildup.
 * Aztlan: As the 20th century begins, the German minority begins to manifest itself in many major cities, as expressed in subtle German variations on Aztlan cuisine and the slow trickling in of German elected representatives. The immigrants are mostly in the eastern port of Merida, but are slowly spreading to the west coast as well. As for production, four more battleships are on queue and are expected to be completed in 1905. The government decides to forgo any more land-grab negotiations with Providence and instead begins to work on exporting agricultural and mineral goods to Brésil, Iberia and the Pan-Arcadian Congress.


 * Republica Ibérica: With the war on in France, Iberia begins an “Open for Business” policy in selling arms to whichever side requests them. The Nathanites are discretely offered several Model 1886 Garzo-Rosel Machine Guns and Sandoval Model 1880 Lever-Pinion Rifles for a reasonable price. Meanwhile, the French Army is offered Sandoval Model 1894 Lever-Pinion Rifles as well as machine guns and cannons should they wish to purchase them. The Guardia Nacional is maintained along the border and the Second Corps is officially raised this year. The new corps is left in the reserve for now. The population is estimated to be 51.24 million. Research, science and development come to dominate Iberian higher education. In Barcelona, Alberto Enciso continues researching several of the mysteries of electromagnetism and light itself. The Pyrenean Race demonstrates the challenges still present in the automobile industry. Out of the dozens of contestants only 16 manage to finish the long and rough course. Road conditions are blamed for the poor showing, and The Iberian Motor Racing League begins a lobbying campaign to rebuild the Iberian road network. With Herrero Motorworks and Correira Motor Company leading the charge, the Iberian Parliament, which runs its own Motorists Club, agrees to fund the redevelopment of the Iberian road network. Carlos Martín and the Iberian Sun Power Company develop the first solar powered textile factory. It is powered by a large solar collector that powers five 240 KW low pressure turbines. These turbines then drive the belts and shafts required to run the textile machines. The shipyards of Catalonia are in full swing completing the the second classes of the Iberian bi-annual ship orders. The Beria-class is laid down and expected to be complete next year.
 * Republica de Morocco: The national census estimates the population to be 11.05 million. The economy of Morocco continues to grow rapidly due to Iberian investment and technical aid. The advent of solar power, it has become clear that Morocco will be able to develop improved sources of power. Wages hover at just about 90% of those in Iberia, but are rising. The steel industry expands rapidly as does the rail network. Phosphate production develops as a major sector of the Moroccan economy as does the synthesis of phosphorus fertilizer. Agricultural mechanization along with water conservation and management projects lead to aggressive growth in the agricultural sector. Reformist Maghrebi Islam spreads with government support. After the decades of conversions, the sect now includes nearly 48% of the population. Culturally, the population has become more liberalized, with increasing importance placed on personal freedoms. Meanwhile, the educational reforms of the previous few years have contributed to rising literacy. With literacy and education on the rise, Iberian becomes a common second language, and a major language of commerce in Morocco. Although it is not part of the mandatory curriculum, many Moroccans voluntarily learn it through classes offered after school.
 * Dependencia de Algeria: The population of Algeria reaches 6.82 million, and of these, 3.2 million are European. Algerian migration to Morocco continues en masse to escape the poverty of interior Algeria. The interior economy remains very poor with limited adoption of modern technology. Meanwhile, along the coast and in Mostaganem there is rapid development as European migrants implement modern farming, manufacturing, and financial methods from their homes.
 * Antillas Ibéricas: The colony continues to enjoy the profits of salt and sugar production. Educational reforms spread as the government promotes literacy and basic mathematics.
 * Indias Orientales Ibéricas: The colony continues to enjoy the profits of spice and rubber production. Educational reforms spread as the government promotes literacy and basic mathematics.
 * República Africana Ibérica: The republic continues expansion efforts along the Sahel north of the French holdings in West Africa. Gold and other minerals constitute the major economic sector in Senegay. Aluminium production grows this year and port facilities are modernized to facilitate its export.
 * Borealia: The nation begins preparing to host the 1904 Olympic Games, with new transportation systems, stadiums, and other infrastructure being created in the capital. The military sees expansion, with new steppens, prototype airplanes, armored cars, and other experimental units seeing new research and development. The navy sees the addition of several new ships, with new battleships, destroyers, and cruisers being ordered. Resettlement and deportations continue, with a large number of people moving/being moved to Vinland, Guyana, West Africa, Avelskamp, Bovenstland, and elsewhere. As a result Koebec and Nausetia both have a high Burgundian majority.
 * OOC Aztlan: I've got a lot of catching up to do. Are the Arcadian Games now the Olympic Games?
 * The Arcadian Games are just a continent-wide event, while the Olympics are worldwide.

1902
''' In Russia, Igor Akinfeev becomes minister of defence and dramatically increases defence spending and professionalism in the military with plans to construct new high quality rifles, artillery, machine guns and other equipment for the Russian army while improving the quality of officers by downsizing the army and moving many of the bad ones out as well as increasing standards for new entrants. '''

''' Japan reels from the initial landing by China but settle in for a ground and naval war launching attacks with both their army and fleet at the Chinese lodgement on Fukuoka. Reports of potential for an uprising in Taiwan reach China but they are unlikely to revolt without landings first. '''

''' In France, the Nathanites win a major victory defeating the French secularists as many soldiers and officers defect disagreeing with the liberalism and atheism displayed at times. All of France except Upper Normandy and Nevers occupied by the Burgundians is held by the Most Holy Kingdom of France (in spite of there being no King, only Cardinal Nathan as the protector) who they proceed to attack with 150,000 soldiers each against Upper Normandy and Nevers. '''

''' In Brésil, the monarch refusing to shift his policy sees a revolution break out over what many perceive to be ignorance by the King of his failure to enforce moral standards. Strikes and riots plague the cities while a portion of the army and navy defect to the crowds. The remaining loyalists suggest they have no desire to fight the rebellion and they put pressure on the King to change his mind. '''

''' Prussia, Austria, Rhineland and New Granada all are on the brink of violence over Nathanism and movements begin to occur in Britain, Burgundy and Iberia. '''


 * Socialist Republic of Texas: Aaron Burr's son, John Burr, wins the Texan election, this time under the Syndicalist Party. An anglophile regime, he develops a dislike of Borealia. Meanwhile, some ranchers move to farm in co-operatives. Also, the industrial workers form Syndicates. The two other parties begin to become sidelined. John Burr begins to form a cult of personality. A four-year plan is quickly drawn out - primarily towards farming collectives and industry. Meanwhile, the Mexican border is fortified. Marsonists form a coalition with Aaron Burr. To the poorer farmers and industrial workers, his popularity swells. Also, propaganda is spread across Aztlan and Providence. Armored cars begin to see limited development.
 * FS of Arcadia: The federated government begins with replacing symbols with newer ones, this is done to differentiate the Federated States from other countries. The motto being changed to "Ambassador of God" with the motto being translated into all official languages and even some unrecognised languages, even being translated into Yugoslavic, French, Limburgish and Portuguese. Although the government does guarantee that the national flag will not have any change of any kind ever. In New Constantinople the Vexilogical Society of Arcadia gets founded by an array of artists, scientists and some patriots. This is patriotism to the great Arcadian mixing stew, a multi-cultural nation with democratic values. To defend this great democracy the government begins to invest in the Arcadian republican army this is mostly focused on updating some of the lower tier equipment. With artillery having to be completely build-up from the ground p due to artillery being neglected when the nation was founded. This was due to the fact that most of the Borders where in quite inhabitable lands. But now the military staff has seen the importance of modern and good to equip artillery in fortresses. With staff now looking to either make factories produce artillery or to import it (player responses), with most preferring to license foreign design and to then produce it in the Federated States of Arcadia. On the military staff there is a discussion about whether the artillery should be mobile and light or heavy and immobile. This discussion is due to the fact that Arcadian military strategy hasn't being fully decided. With the modernisation of the Arcadian Republican Army there also comes a modernisation of the army and a clear split between the police named the Civic Militia (rural police, fire department and guards) the Stadtpolizei (city police) begins so that military and police gear will not be the same reserve.
 * In New England work continues to promote peace and rebuild. New roads are laid down in the north to connect to the border region, where the guards are posted. At the same time insurgents operate in Ohio and nearby against the northerners. By going through allied Avalon, insurgents also begin to attack southern Vinland. Prime Minister Arthur Wellesley tries again to create peace by continuing peace talks. Also, he begins sending soldiers into the north where the area is semi-lawless. We reiterate that we can withdraw if our enemies agree to do the same. With renewed success in the recent elections, the Communist and Socialist insurgents receive good funding. They begin operating in Chicago and along the Mississippi. When they read that Texas is socialist they send requests asking for money, supplies and men to help establish a socialist nation as well. Texan mercenaries are recruited, and some skirmishes break out in the southwest against conservative opponents of socialism and Texas in general. (Texas player response needed!)


 * Texas sends supplies. However, stays loyal to Britain, as they are an important fail safe, even when radicals take power. It consists of money to do well in elections.
 * OOC Aztlan: So, is New England not independent yet? (MOD RESPONSE!)


 * Great Empire of China–Korea: To avoid Russian intervention, 200,000 troops are stationed mainly in Harbin (which is a fort), with some patrolling the entirety of the Harbin River. The border is fortified with trench lines. The Korean Coast Guard sends riverine gunboats to assist them in case of an invasion. Similarly, the number of troops assigned to Dai Viet is increased to 100,000 troops, with the number of conscripted Vietnamese increased to 50,000 troops. With the repulsion of the Japanese counteroffensive at Fukuoka, more reinforcements are brought from Busan to further secure China–Korea's hold over Fukuoka, bringing the total number of Sino–Korean military personnel in Japan at ~300,000 troops. Many merchant vessels are recruited to serve as temporary troop carriers and to transport military supplies, and as a result, commercial shipyards (including the Ulsan Shipyard) begin to manufacture large quantities of steamships to fulfill the demand. With the retreat of Japanese forces to regroup in Hiroshima or Osaka, China–Korea seizes the opportunity to swiftly conquer the rest of Kyushu, therefore solidify China–Korea's hold on the Home Islands. While the initial invasion so far has been relatively slow, with the conclusion of the Taiwanese front, a front in Hokkaido is planned to be opened to distract Japanese troops and to hasten a two-way thrust into the Kanto plain. Fukuoka is fortified. A fleet consisting of a single battleship and fifteen escorts is sent to Taiwan, to assist an expeditionary force of ~50,000 to conquer the island and liberate the Hakkas from Japanese rule. The invasion is a success, and Taiwan is freed from centuries of Japanese rule. It also allows China–Korea to achieve undisputed control over the Taiwan Strait as well as grants China–Korea and Belka (from Tondo) control over the Luzon Strait – both strategically - important for trade. Within the occupied territory, grain is provided to Japanese citizens and peasants are given capital to improve their agriculture. However, martial law is enacted and dissidents are jailed. The propaganda campaign is continued, comparing the state of traditional Japanese villages and contrasting them with Sino–Korean cities. Sino–Korean products are marketed and sold for subsidized prices. Ma Raya continues promoting Butterfly by appearing in several regional performance theatres, many selling out within a week. Ma Raya goes on a second vacation to Latin America (after visiting Iberia and Aztlan), this time to Gran Columbia. The Seoul Entertainment Company is contracted by the government to produce a propaganda film justifying the Sino-Korean conquest of Japan, and portraying them (through past conflicts) as warmongers. With the Seoul Entertainment Company diversifying into other niches, the small Tianjin Studios debuts another trot vocal group, "Wong Liu Tsong and the Dragonesses", producing their songs on a similar formula as the Jade Shards and the Jeju Girls have previously done. Their debut single, "Ladies Don't Like Nathanites", is critically acclaimed for its humorous and comedic tone, and as well as by Chinese and Korean Catholics. As a result, their debut EP, "Duchesses of Tianjin" is turned into a full studio album, which reaches Number One on the Albums Chart. Educational attainment rises, with increasing enrollment into imperial universities. Rapid industrialization and economic modernization continue. China–Korea continues to produce large quantities of textiles, synthetic dyes, steel, as well as machinery and construction materiel. Telecommunications and railway lines are built. With heightened demand, the production of armaments once again increases exponentially, with the manufacturing of repeating rifles and their carbine derivatives, field artillery, machine guns, and their respective ammunition.
 * Tibet (protectorate): Civic buildings are constructed in the capital of Lhasa, which is inhabited by ~20,000 residents. Sedentary living is encouraged, with the little available arable land being intensively cultivated. Major crops include wheat and rye. A garrison of a single brigade (~5000) is stationed there, armed with Needle Rifles.
 * Altishahria (protectorate): More mining facilities are opened in Aksu, exploiting the Tarim basin's mining resources. Lucrative minerals such as soda, borax and jade are the country's main exports to China–Korea. In addition to grains, cash crops are grown, specifically grapes, melons, pears, and walnuts. There is a ranching boom, with many former pastoralists establishing enclosures for livestock. The main product is wool (from sheep), with processing facilities established in the capital and other major cities as preparation for further processing in China–Korea's textile mills. Korla becomes Altishahria's largest city due to continuous migration and its position as a major break-of-bulk point, with a total of ~200,000 inhabitants (a tenth of the total population). As a result, the Altishahr government relocates there and various civic buildings are constructed. A garrison of two divisions (~20,000) is stationed there, armed with Needle Rifles.
 * Dzungaria (protectorate): Civic buildings are constructed in Ghulja, which is inhabited by 20,000 residents. The nationalized Dzungar Oil Company increases the scale of their operations in the area, constructing multiple oil mines and refineries. In addition to supplying energy to northwest China, the company also provides kerosene for street lamps as well as other industrial chemicals via distillation. A garrison of twelve divisions (~120,000) is present, armed with Needle Rifles. The bulk of this military force is stationed in the Dzungarian Gate, which is heavily fortified due to its position as the sole overland entry point into Western China.
 * Dai Viet (protectorate): Under the guidance of China, the Vietnamese economy and government structure are radically reformed. The peasantry are taught techniques and granted capital to improve their cultivation methods – thereby boosting productivity. Cultivation of coffee and the raising of shrimp and fish for commercial purposes (mainly for export) continues and is highly successful. In addition, small-scale cultivation of tobacco commences but focuses on quality rather than quantity due to the inability to compete with European possessions in the industry. The border with Burgundian Champa is fortified with trench lines and a fortress. The number of Sino–Korean troops stationed in Dai Viet is at ~100,000 as well as ~50,000 Vietnamese troops.
 * Scandinavia: Bear Island is sold to Vinland for six million Vinlandic krona. No more purchases will be made. A referendum is made to change Scandinavia's name. An expedition is made to colonize northern Canada and the rest of Greenland.
 * Aztlan: With hostilities rising along the Texan border, the government officially attempts to turn out any Texans distributing Syndicalist propaganda. Of course, the system isn't perfect and some propaganda (including by word of mouth) gets through. Aztlan attempts to deliver a warning to the Texan government to de-fortify the border or face economic consequences. A call to the Pan-Arcadian Congress is made to attempt to quench these sudden, unbased hostilities. (PLAYER RESPONSE!)


 * Republica Ibérica: The rise of Nathanite groups in Iberia is kept to a minimum by the largely popular Democratic Social Catholics and their leader Lorenzo Iglesias. The movement, which has long represented the deep religiosity in Iberia manages to absorb the less extreme of the Nathanite movements while isolating the most die-hard organizations. The party which long advocated for the church and social support for the poor already holds many of the Nathanites core values, and prevents any outright dissidence or violence. Understanding their importance, the leadership of the Democratic Social Catholics works diligently to prevent any of the violence seen in France, and Lorenzo Iglesias himself reaches out to Cardinal Nathan asking him personally to preach peace. Regardless, the party and the vast majority of its followers remain committed to the ideal of “secular government with Catholic practices.” Meaning that the Iberian Constitution should remain an irreligious document, but that the Iberian Government ought to act in alignment with the social ideals of Catholicism. The Guardia Nacional is maintained along the border and the Second Corps also deployed. There they make repairs to the Pyrenean Line which had been somewhat neglected. Additionally, new machine gun nests are built to improve the defensives. The national reserve of 500,000 is also placed on alert, and goes through extensive drills to restore fighting strength. The population is estimated to be 51.75 million. Science, research and development come to dominate Iberian higher education. In Barcelona, Alberto Enciso continues researching several of the mysteries of electromagnetism and light itself. Roads are rebuilt across Iberia with an emphasis on future proofing automobile travel, the first sections are built throughout the north where car ownership is higher. The roads are built from concrete and are expected to last well and be well insured against future developments in automobile technology. Carlos Martín and the Iberian Sun Power Company develop more uses for the solar thermal systems, including power generation in the Balearic Islands where coal is expensive, as well as in Iberian colonies. The shipyards of Catalonia are in full swing completing the second classes of the Iberian biannual ship orders. The Beria-class is completed and they enter service. The home fleet is kept in Iberian national waters due to the instability in Europe.
 * Republica de Morocco: The national census estimates the population to be 11.33 million. The economy of Morocco continues to grow rapidly due to Iberian investment and technical aid. Due to the advent of solar power, it has become clear that Morocco will be able to develop improved sources of power. Wages hover at just about 90% of those in Iberia, but are rising. The steel industry expands rapidly as does the rail network. Phosphate production develops as a major sector of the Moroccan economy as does the synthesis of phosphorus fertilizer. Agricultural mechanization along with water conservation and management projects lead to aggressive growth in the agricultural sector. Reformist Maghrebi Islam spreads with government support. After the decades of conversions, the sect now includes nearly 49% of the population. Culturally, the population has become more liberalized, with increasing importance placed on personal freedoms. Meanwhile, the educational reforms of the previous few years have contributed to rising literacy. With literacy and education on the rise, Iberian becomes a common second language, and a major language of commerce in Morocco. Although it is not part of the mandatory curriculum, many Moroccans voluntarily learn it through classes offered after school. The Moroccan army is increased to 200,000 due to the growing population and high tensions. These troops are equipped with modern Iberian arms and weapons.
 * Dependencia de Algeria: The population of Algeria reaches seven million, and of these, 3.36 million are European. Algerian migration to Morocco continues en masse to escape the poverty of interior Algeria. The interior economy remains very poor with limited adoption of modern technology. Meanwhile, along the coast and in Mostaganem there is rapid development as European migrants implement modern farming, manufacturing, and financial methods from their homes.
 * Antillas Ibéricas: The colony continues to enjoy the profits of salt and sugar production. Educational reforms spread as the government promotes literacy and basic mathematics.
 * Indias Orientales Ibéricas: The colony continues to enjoy the profits of spice and rubber production. Educational reforms spread as the government promotes literacy and basic mathematics.
 * República Africana Ibérica: The republic continues expansion efforts along the Sahel north of the French holdings in West Africa. Gold and other minerals constitute the major economic sector in Senegay. Aluminium production grows this year and port facilities are modernized to facilitate its export.


 * Kingdom of Burgundy: With the fall of the legitimate French government, the XVII and XXII Bands are recalled from their positions before they can be overwhelmed. The Army is authorized to man the modernized fortifications along the border. With rumblings from the Rhineland, it is decided key crossing points across the border will be manned for the time being. In an emergency session of the States-General, the assembly confirms the Constitution of the Kingdom as a secular document, as prescribed in the Declaration of the Rights of Citizens. Given the Declaration and Constitution both guarantee the freedom of worship, the government has neither the authority nor the will to monitor what the Nathanites perceive as blasphemy and heresy. The battleships SMS Karolingien (SS-30) and SMS Ivrea (SS-31) are commissioned as the last ships of their class. Meanwhile, four ships of the Graflech Bourgogne-class battleships are laid down, with a fifth planned for next year. The Navy and Army quietly begin replacing their lyddite-filled shells with shells filled with TNT. In Lan Xang and Cambodia, in accordance with Burgundy's end of the protection-filled shells agreement, military advisors begin reforming the respective Royal Armies into modern fighting forces, and Luang Prabang is chosen as the site of a defensive fortress. A road network connecting Lan Xang, Cambodia and Champa begins construction with the aim of bringing the three states closer together.
 * Imperial Swahili Federation: We continue colonial expansion in Northern Somalia, in the south and in the Malindi and Mombasa area. Colonization increases as medicine and weaponry become more widespread. Agricultural modernization continues in Swahili. Further industrialization continues. Several cities in Swahili have slowly become centers of industrial output. DeLorean is again invited to work in Swahili. Ten cruisers are ordered in Swahili shipyards. Swahili decides to enter the 1904 Olympic Games.
 * Buha: Several ports are constructed along the Great Lakes while more soldiers are sent to garrison Buha. Swahili advisors begin to see modernisation within Buha.


 * Kingdom of Egypt: Prime Minister Omar Ismaili makes a public speech in Alexandria that basically defines the kingdom’s economic policy for the next few decades: “for the next few decades, Egypt shall undergo a mass industrialization campaign in which we will commit all our resources to bringing Egypt into the modern age. All citizens of Egypt shall devote themselves to this goal and they shall do it with heart.“ We continue to construct factories all over our major cities such as Alexandria, Giza and Alia. Our revision of Suez City continues as planned, as we build “temporary villages” for the Suez populace to live in while we make their city new; Numerous modern structures are built in the place of old traditional buildings, modern technologies are introduced to help build up the city, and more docks are built. Ismaili’s goal for all of this is to bring Egypt into the modern age by the 1940a, and to make Suez City a modern port that ships can stop at for a break. Propaganda is spread throughout the rural areas of Egypt in order to encourage migration to the cities or to buy modern tech. Vehicles continue to become popular throughout the kingdom, with the king even owning one, which only increases the number of cars sold each year. By the end of this year, 100 factories have been added to Alexandria, with those factories filling up with workers fast.
 * Borealia: We express agreement with Aztlan at the Pan-Arcadian Congress that Texan propaganda and militantism is uncalled for. Sanctions are placed on the state, and we call all members to follow suit, until Texas ends these practices. We dispatch a fleet to our joint naval base in Maryland to monitor the situation, and also as part of our ongoing efforts to help Maryland establish its navy. In sports it is proposed that the city of Tenochtitlán in Aztlan host the 1914 Arcadian Games. We also continue our own preparations for the 1904 Olympic Games, with work on the capital's infrastructure and security ongoing. The development of the airplane continues, with several new designs being tested by the military and the Westen Brothers at Wilmington. Elsewhere, other entrepreneurs get involved as well, creating alternate designs. The most advanced craft thus far, the Westen VIII, makes history when it is flown across the English Channel. As a result Willem Luyt orders the creation of a flying school to teach the first generation of pilots how to operate these crafts. With the 1st Mechanized Brigade finding success in the south of the nation against insurgents, the military increases funding. An upgraded version of the army's armored car, known as the GA3-Minerva, is produced. We also offer to sell enough cars to Burgundy to outfit their first brigade. After over a decade of research, the navy decides to expand the number of submarines greatly, with a new design being implemented. The new submarine class is known as the C-class. Each ship will be approximately 44 meters in length, powered by a 600 hp (450 kW) Visser petrol engine, and a 200 hp electric motor, reaching speeds of about 12 knots when surfaced. The class will be capable of reaching 1500 nautical miles at seven knots, when surfaced, and will be armed with two, 18-inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes. Eight C-class ships are laid down this year, which will bring the total number of submarines in the navy to 38 by the end of 1904. The navy also dispatches a group of submarines, engineers and researchers to Burgundy, to jumpstart their own submarine research. The English continue to be moved or deported, with as many people assimilated as possible. The number of Englishmen allowed to move to Vinland is capped at 400,000, while Avelskamp is capped at 300,000, and Bovenstland at 500,000, as not to overwhelm these places.
 * Aztlan Dip: Aztlan gladly accepts the suggestion of hosting the 1914 Arcadian Games, and plans to begin preparations in 1908. Aztlan decides to move 30,000 men to within 100 miles of the border to defend against a possible surprise assault by Texas, and proscribes any trade of armaments to the Texan state.
 * Vinland: The Vinlandian army is expanded to number 90,000 men in nine divisions. The Second Division is stationed in Greenland. Vinland begins the construction of a new city in Greenland to serve as Greenland's new capital. The city is going to be called Grönköping literally meaning Greenville.
 * Brésil: Backed against a wall, Francis converts to Nathanism, enacting prohibition and pledging to combat forces of liberalism.
 * Holy Kingdom of France: Although initially successful in being able to defeat and forcefully collapse the French Empire, the problem of being able to properly rule the state and to keep relative peace has surfaced. A large number of French nationalists and republicans have begun to speak vocally out against Cardinal Nathan's rule, and in turn have faced some sort of supression whether it be imprisonment, torture or simply being murdered. The lack of proper and sustainable laws, high corruption under the Nathanites, and prohibition of alcohol and other forms of luxurious drugs such as tobacco cigarettes, has brought about a revolution against a revolution. Although the Second French Civil War had been between the religious and atheists, the tertiary revolution has moved into being politically motivated in terms of either wanting or being against reform. As Cardinal Nathan's ruling had severly damaged the economy by means of the starvation rate rising and the French currency being inflated, many loyal members under Nathan's ruling have begun to defect into the reformist front. The reformists declare the United French Republic, a democratic republic with relaxed speech laws and Catholicism being the only legal religion allowed. Large military conflicts begin, and with the mass addition of machine guns and more advanced artillery, casualties begin to rise rapidly as large cities such as Paris, Orleans and Tours begin to face mass destruction. Due to the defensive positions much of the Nathanites have made, the use of artillery has begun to "shell shock" much of the army, leading to small mutinies and other defections.

1903
''' In Poland a coup breaks out in support of the Nathanites effectively ending the Syndicalist plans in the country as the many cells across Europe launch their own attacks without the leadership of Poland. Syndicalist attacks in Austria, France, Rhineland, East-Germany, and Spain spark three-way brawls between Loyalists, Syndicalists and Nathanites. Some clashes such as the ones in Spain and Austria are rather bad as it forces the military to be involved. While in France it remains isolated cells stealing territory from both sides of the growing French civil war. '''

''' Russia continues to downsize its military to a much smaller professional force specifically to play on its defensive focus of being able to trade land for time to train more professional troops in the long run in the case of a war. '''

''' Japan elects to defend the home islands as best they can and with a rather modern ground based military and the inability of Belkan and Chinese naval fleets to target shipping from other European great powers the Japanese are able to raise nearly 500,000 extra soldiers. However, the arrival of the first Belkan field troops in Japan in support of the Chinese does strike some fear, with the Imperial Diet knowing fighting China and Belka for an extended period of time to be a fool's errand. The next battles look to decide the political context of the war as the Japanese hope to hold in order to maintain a better political outlook following the end of the war. '''

''' Through a series of smuggling of reformist books, literature and other means, a small number of Syndicalist and Transitional Marsanist-Communal protests begin to appear across the Belkan Empire, primarily in Belgrade and Sofia, even going as far as Bucharest and OTL Istanbul. '''
 * Brésil: With the Nathanites holding power, Theodore goes into hiding. He (SECRETLY) establishes cells of anti-Nathanists. Syndicalists are contacted, offering reform in return for support against Nathanites. This is all kept very small-scale, with extreme caution being exercised, as to not make it known to more than roughly 100 individuals (END SECRET). A totally legit trading company called the Aegean Sea company is started, headed by an individual named Robert Blunt, who has so far refused to appear in public, or get an interview. A New Bordeaux warehouse is purchased by him, and ships bearing the Belkan naval insignia are seen weekly unloading by it. Francis authorizes an increase of the naval budget fivefold, unveiling a plan to add seven battleships and thirty-two accompanying ships, projected to complete by 1910. A report published by the New Bordeaux Worker's Journal points to a resurgent syndicalist movement in response to Nathanist reforms. It also outlines a growing industry of "beer-smuggling", where rancheros carry loads of beer through the jungle, to Brésilian cities, making a profit off of addicted Brésilians aged 16-32 and 40-53. Due to increasing competition from Ali Bakr motors, New Bordeaux motor societie petitions the government for a tarrif on Egyptian cars, which is passed.


 * Great Empire of China–Korea: The number of troops operating in Japan doubles (to ~650,000), in order to counter the surge in Japanese troops. A number of merchant vessels are fitted with low-caliber guns for defense, and many are recruited as rudimentary troop carriers. The Northern Fleet is divided into three squadrons (each consisting of two battleships, two~three cruisers–including armored cruisers, eight or nine destroyers, six~seven frigates), with the first going to the Tohōku Region, the second stationed in Busan, and a third to serve in the Seto Inland Sea. Kyushu (with Fukuoka being fortified with trench lines and fortresses, due to its strategic location) is well-within Sino–Korean control; as is Taiwan. The number of troops stationed in Taiwan is 50,000, while in Kyushu it is 100,000 (with half in Fukuoka alone). The army now begins an offensive into Shikoku, and though Sino–Korean forces vastly outnumber their Japanese counterparts, heavy support from the Imperial Japanese Navy results in only 60% of Shikoku being occupied. The port of Matsuyama is fortified (in a similar manner to Fukuoka), to ensure the Seto Inland Sea is under control of the Sino–Korean Navy. Coaling stations are built in major ports to ensure prime operation. However, Sino–Korean strategists recognize that an attempted invasion of the Osaka Bay would end in failure, due to the sheer amount of fortifications built there and naval resistance. As a result, the military pioneers a policy of conducting naval raids in Osaka and artillery bombardment from Matsuyama, while continuing to push into the eastern third of Shikoku. Despite heavy resistance in the South; the army sees success in Northern Honshu. About ~300,000 troops are sent to swiftly conquer the Tohōku Region, which quickly falls. Expecting a Japanese counter-offensive due to its proximity to the Great Kantō plain (the heart of Japan), Sendai is fortified, and a series of light fortifications are built to the border with the Kanto Region. A smaller force accompanied by a small 15-boat fleet headed by a single battleship is sent to conquer with Hokkaido, and due to its isolation from Japan, 60% of it falls under Sino–Korean control. Within occupied territories, the propaganda campaign continues, portraying Japan as under an oppressive authoritarian government and in dire need of foreign intervention. In addition, to prevent societal collapse, peasants are taught more advanced agricultural methods to boost production amid the war, and generous rations of grain and foodstuffs are given. A basic rural healthcare network is established to limit outbreaks of disease, and to aid mothers in birthing their children. In addition, while martial law is in-effect, education remains compulsory. As a measure of goodwill, many promising individuals are given scholarships to prestigious Sino–Korean Imperial Universities. While firearms are seized and arsenals are destroyed, civil infrastructure is emphasized to facilitate recovery post-war. Ma Raya hastily works on her new studio album, with its name being publicly released. Tianjin Studios grows into a major competitor for the Seoul Entertainment Company, due to the spectacular success of the Wong Liu Tsong and the Dragonesses. Their songs incorporate strings instrument, reviving the popularity of the musical formula used in the 70s and 80s prior to the influence of Russian R&B. They release their second and third singles, "How I Love You So" and "Your Smile", which hits #1 and #2 respectively (the latter being blocked from the top position by the former), with the former being in the top ten for 26 weeks while being in top spot for 14 weeks. Educational attainment rises, with increasing enrollment into imperial universities. Rapid industrialization and economic modernization continue. China–Korea continues to produce large quantities of textiles, synthetic dyes, steel, as well as machinery and construction material. Telecommunications and railway lines are built. With heightened demand, the production of armaments once again increases exponentially, with the manufacturing of repeating rifles and their carbine derivatives, field artillery, machine guns, and their respective ammunition.
 * Tibet (protectorate): Civic buildings are constructed in the capital of Lhasa, which is inhabited by ~20,000 residents. Sedentary living is encouraged, with the little available arable land being intensively cultivated. Major crops include wheat and rye. A garrison of a single brigade (~5000) is stationed there, armed with Needle Rifles.
 * Altishahria (protectorate): More mining facilities are opened in Aksu, exploiting the Tarim basin's mining resources. Lucrative minerals such as soda, borax and jade are the country's main exports to China–Korea. In addition to grains, cash crops are grown, specifically grapes, melons, pears, and walnuts. There is a ranching boom, with many former pastoralists establishing enclosures for livestock. The main product is wool (from sheep), with processing facilities established in the capital and other major cities as preparation for further processing in China–Korea's textile mills. Korla becomes Altishahria's largest city due to continuous migration and its position as a major break-of-bulk point, with a total of ~200,000 inhabitants (one-tenth of the total population). As a result, the Altishahr government relocates there, and various civic buildings are constructed. A garrison of two divisions (~20,000) is stationed there, armed with Needle Rifles.
 * Dzungaria (protectorate): Civic buildings are constructed in Ghulja, which is inhabited by 20,000 residents. The nationalized Dzungar Oil Company increases the scale of their operations in the area, constructing multiple oil mines and refineries. In addition to supplying energy to northwest China, the company also provides kerosene for street lamps as well as other industrial chemicals via distillation. A garrison of twelve divisions (~120,000) is present, armed with Needle Rifles. The bulk of this military force is stationed in the Dzungarian Gate, which is heavily fortified due to its position as the sole overland entry point into Western China.
 * Dai Viet (protectorate): Under the guidance of China, the Vietnamese economy and government structure are radically reformed. The peasantry are taught techniques and granted capital to improve their cultivation methods–thereby boosting productivity. Cultivation of coffee and the raising of shrimp and fish for commercial purposes (mainly for export) continues and is highly successful. In addition, small-scale cultivation of tobacco commences but focuses on quality rather than quantity due to the inability to compete with European possessions in the industry. The border with Burgundian Champa is fortified with trench lines and a fortress. The amount of Sino–Korean troops stationed in Dai Viet is at ~100,000 as well as ~50,000 Vietnamese troops.


 * Kingdom of Burgundy: five of the Graf Kotte-class battleships are commissioned and are organized into the VI Battle Squadron. Four battleships of the Grafleche Bourgogne-class are launched, with a fifth planned for next year. Despite this, the Navy secures an order for four ships of the Grafleche Bourgognes successors, to be named the Elsass-class, which ditches the 6” guns typically used on previous battleship designs in favor of a complete secondary battery of 9.4” rifles. The order comes not without criticism, however. Admiral Jan Fëscher, who has been conducting his own evaluation of naval combat in the ongoing Sino-Japanese war, puts forward an internal document concluding that future naval battles will take place at longer ranges than current battleships are designed for, and that a uniform large-caliber main battery on a fast hull would be the ideal design. In Lan Xang, construction of the Luang Prabang strategic fortress continues, and the Lan Xang and Cambodian militaries see further modernization. Otl New Caledonia is claimed for Burgundy as Nieuw Batavia.


 * Borealia: The Smit Motor Company decides to adopt the name of its most popular product, renaming itself to Minerva. The GA3-Minerva is highly successful against insurgents across and around the border, prompting the government to enlarge each mechanized squadron to 12 armored cars, and to expand the number of squadrons to four within the next several years. Meanwhile, the company begins a secret contract with the military to also research new ways to deliver artillery to the front. The company looks into the use of continuous track, which at this time are already being used for civilian applications, such as on log haulers and tractors. Minerva creates a drivable prototype for an armored car driven by continuous track. They then begin work on replacing the car's main armament with a small artillery piece, creating the first prototype for a tank. The military begins heavy funding to see the concept expanded upon, however, the project at this time needs considerably more development before it can be implemented. The Westen IX is created early this year, with several planes of this model being created. The project at Wilmington receives nationwide fame when a handful of planes are used along the border in a skirmish with insurgents. Initially for reconnaissance, one of the pilots, Coenraad Wintgens, opens fire from the air with a pistol. Over the course of the rest of the year several Westen IX's and a few Westen X's are created. The military decides to create an independent branch for air-based united, creating the Borealian Air Force. The experimental airplane and steppen units are consolidated under this branch, with Willem Luyt being promoted to its first commander. The base at Wilmington becomes its temporary headquarters, with the airfield, research department, and flying school all seeing expansion. Luyt begins creating a general staff and planning the creation of the nation's next air force bases. Based on the nation's plan for land defense, Luyt orders the creation of a network of airfields all along the nation's borders, creating airfields near Harrisburg, Pietersburg, Niagara, Volendam, Koebec, Lelystad, Emmen, Ventersburg, and Slagstad, as well as a plan for bases around major cities in the center of the nation. There is also a plan put in place to reserve land outside all major cities for future expansion, while a large airfield and overall headquarters is constructed at Sint Jan. Hendrik Steppen's company begins the first routine transportation by air, with its first flight transporting passengers from Bilzen to Philadelphia. Construction of the C-class of submarines continues, with another ten being laid down this year. The Fourth Fleet, stationed in western Maryland, is expanded and outfitted with the first squadrons of submarines. They are tasked with protecting the waters of Maryland, Kuba, and Aztlan from hostile attack. Another expedition is sent to Antarctica, and this time Johannes Eduard successfully reaches the South Pole. The government decides to formally claim the territory that Borealian explorers and scientists have been traveling to since 1882, as well as a series of outlying islands that Schuver visited during his trip around the southern continent. The territory of the Eduard Islands is created (OTL South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands), with an outpost/whaling station named Kanbeslaan being founded. The Eenzaam Islands territory (OTL French Southern and Antarctic Lands, excluding the Indian Ocean territory) is also created, named for Eduard's main ship. The Progressive candidate Claes Roosevelt, a distant relative of the influential Burgundian, is elected prime minister. Under Roosevelt the government decides to launch a colonial expedition to the Pacific via the Panama Canal, in order to extend Borealia outside Arcadia for the first time. The region north of New Batavia and south of the Russia and Japanese territories is formally claimed by the government (OTL Vanuatu, Santa Cruz Islands, small parts of Fiji, and Solomon Islands), and a small fleet and detachment of soldiers is dispatched to enforce these claims. A base is established at Vilahaven (OTL Port Vila), and later in the year 500 people, half of which from New Zealand, settle at the port. A penal colony is created, with hundreds of Borealians, including Anglo-Borealians, are relocated to the colony. Also to solidify control in the area the government offers to purchase the small French claims in the northern OTL Soloman Islands (French response).
 * Aztlan Dip: We appreciate the help in guarding our waters, but it seems to be a long stretch of water to guard. We believe it would be much easier for both parties if we just guarded our own waters. We also offer to buy some armored cars from Borealia. (PLAYER RESPONSE!)


 * Aztlan: The country begins to see more modern technology incorporated into its military this year, including some machine guns and armored vehicles. An attempt is made to combine these two inventions, but the first attempts fail, resulting in the car tipping over in the machine gun mounting process. Later in the year, though, progress is made on mounting the behemoth guns, but research is still in its rudimentary stages and will be continued. This year, Aztlan begins to recover from its recent aluminium shortages, and more ships are put onto the waters. Seven small flotillas are constructed, each measuring about 48 meters and equipped with two broadside 10 cm gun turrets. Another behemoth battleship is set into the harbor, bringing its brethren to four, and comes at a whopping 220 meters, with three broadside guns firing 25 cm bullets. Texas is advised to try to keep tensions at a minimum and avoid any conflict.


 * FS of Arcadia: The first car company has been founded with the name being Victorovich Co, with their first produced model. This car is partially built with automatisation although most parts are made by a groop of skilled workers. The Esquilo Party and their military wing hold a march to the ruins of the old capital of Sinkyone and Wituye. They practiced some religious rituals with one ritual being the sending of a handmade wood-burned canoe with eggs upstream never to be seen again. They also did some target practice to show their willingness to go to war. With the Arcadian Republican army holding a mass training exercise with their first Arcadian Artillery - although small in numbers their power counters it. The army focused on mobility and the ability to surround the enemy without loss of supplies for themselves.