1500-1599 (The Kalmar Union)

1500
Leifia - With a few Danish ships the Vinlandic navy sets fire to Quebec and then relieves Fjallasay.

'The town was in a fearful state... with many families half starved. We were received as heroes...' - Captain Jansson of the Danish ship Margarethe. Álengiamark finally untangles itself from local disputes and its army marches through Kanienmark, capturing its capital and king before halting an army of Algonquins moving south. 'The ranks of Alengsk knights with their polished armour and bright banners [was] blinding to the eye. The [Algonquin] prince near surrendered on the spot without fighting.' - Penob Kennebec, Abernaki historian.

1501
Baltic - Kalmar wipes out the Prussian navy at the Battle of Memel.

Leifia - Second Congress of Fjallasay aims to pacify Northern Leifia.
 * Hafsvaedaland is expanded up to the Ottawa river giving Vinland a land route to Fjallasay.
 * The Algonquin lands south of the Breidurras are split between Abernakriga and the Six Nations.
 * Quebec is divided between Abernakriga and Vinland.
 * Algonquinland is reduced to a rump state with Atikamekw taking a large Western portion.
 * Kanienmark is restored as independent but the previous king (still held prisoner by Álengiamark) is removed and replaced with a more pliable relative. Many Kanien'gehuga move north to Vinland to escape the harsh regime in their homeland.

1502
Anglia - France and Wessex join the ongoing War of Anglian Succession.

Eric IX lands in Anglia. A badly organised siege of London is inconclusive and embarrassing and the Anglian nobles distance themselves from it. He then takes his troops with a Manx contingent to Holland to begin a long and barely more coherent campaign there. France meanwhile takes to besieging various cities in Lorraine and Bar. The Anglian nobles begin to favour Luxembourg as the preferred claimant.

Vinland - Konunglegursaey is depopulated as the remaining Norse families move to the more secure fortress of Quebec, and the line of earls dies out 6 years later.

Jakobina II dies. Kristjana VI succeeds. Álengiamark - Elin V dies. Brynhildur I succeeds.

Eastern Roasjoinn - Messengers report that the Chinese are now regularly trading with the Mexica and even the Tawantinsuyu. A small Chinese community is resident in Cuzco and the Tawantinsuyu are beginning to build an ocean going navy in the Chinese 'junk' style.

1509
Denmark - Eric IX dies. Christopher II succeeds to a bankrupt state. He continues his claim of the Anglian throne, but due to the poor state of Kalmar finances can do little to advance it.

1510
Kalmar Union - Christopher attempts to leverage more funds out of Svealand and Lade. Svealand rises in general rebellion though it is severely divided by various noble families all claiming superiority. Finland stays more or less loyal. Christopher considers selling Estonia to Livonia or Novgorod to pay off debts.

North Atlantic - Hordaland attempts to subjugate Iceland by blockading trade and supplies. Vinland, assuming Greenland will be next on Hordaland's list, resists and supplies the island with food and materials. Fog enables the Vinlandic navy to dodge the larger Hordaland force. Several bands of Suderfolk levies are put ashore to help the Icelanders fight the invaders. Hordaland eventually pulls out of the area after several unsuccessful attempts to capture Reykjavik. Vinland/Hordaland relations are damaged for several decades. Vinland - Brynhildur I dies. Yrsa II succeeds.

1511
Wessex - Southern Wales is finally incorporated into the Kingdom of Wessex after almost three hundred years of on-off occupation. It is hoped that by making it subject to kingly power rather than the arbitrary rule of the marcher lords it will help pacify the region.

1512
Denmark - Ladish lords revolt, many Svealanders disaffected by their own stagnating rebellion and also Sami chiefs join their cause.

Viken rebels.

1514
Lade - Using tactics adopted from Iceland and the Grey League Ladish armies outwit and defeat the under strength KU forces.

1517
Anglia - Christopher II relinquishes claims to the Anglian throne. In an effort to stop Anglia and Luembourg from being overrun by France and Wessex Kalmar troops continue to fight alongside the Imperial army after being promised Holland and Fryslân.

Anna of Norfolk dies. Threatened by Wessex, Anglian nobles offer the throne to John III of Luxembourg. Meanwhile her son William leads the rump of the Anglian army to defeat Wessex at the Battle of Stafford.

Wessex - William IV dies soon after being wounded at Stafford. He is succeeded by Hugh I. Thereafter Wessex concentrates on securing a rebellious Picardy.

1521
Leifia - The Earl of Ontario represents Vinland & Álengiamark at the Diet of Worms where Luther's heresies are crushed and all church practices upheld. Meanwhile Lutheran tracts are imported via Iceland and translated. The Algonquin reoccupy Quebec forceably removing the Vinlanders. Konunglegursaey is resettled.

1522
Leifia - The first Leifian printing press is demonstrated in St Hafdiss, though widespread adoption is slow due to lack of paper and paper mills. Irronsson's bible is covertly printed. Copies circulate throughout Álengiamark and Vinland for several years.

1523
Lade - At the Battle of Ornskoldsvik Ladish troops surround and annihilate a Kalmar army. With no army left to control Northern Svealand Denmark sues for peace. The Earldom of Lade is abolished by the Treaty of Galve. Ladish nobles form a confederation on the Swiss model, pledging allegiance to the Kalmar Union but no longer under its direct control.

Anglia & Luxembourg - The Treaty of Cleves ends the Anglian Succession war. Anglia's continental properties are attached to the Duchy of Luxembourg. Anglia is given Fryslân in compensation. Luxembourg will inherit Champagne and Holland on their incumbents' deaths. Luxembourg now holds 3 Electoral lands directly. Technically this is not allowed by the laws of the HRE but the brief 'Electoral War' cements Luxembourg's position. A further three electorates are setup to balance power.

As son of Anna of Norfolk, William III is recognised as King of Anglia, and marries John III's daughter Elizabeth to seal the succession.

Vinland - Kristjana VI dies. Her niece Thorey IV succeeds. Thorey is 13 and newly converted to Lutheranism. Lutheranism quickly spreads throughout Vinland, taking many converts from Catholic and Pagan rites, and even the remaining Odinists.

1531
Leifia - Lutheranism spreads amongst the Abernaki and Quiripi.

The Vinlandic bible is burnt in Álengiamark. Anti-Lutheran sentiment sweeps the Álengiamark and Erieac territories. Amongst the Illini Lutheranism becomes akin to devil worship and witch-hunts begin out of all proportion to the real number of Lutherans in the area.

Meanwhile several Passamaquoddy lords, Kanienmark and the Wampanoag convert to Lutheranism. The Six Nations, Atikamekw and Aniyunwiyan remain largely pagan. Catholic church land in Vinland is abolished, or rather, handed over to secular mayors to administer. Only in a few cases do the locals revolt. St Peter & St Michael escapes as this falls under the Earl of Pyronaber who remains Catholic. 12 out of 13 Vinlandic Earls profess the Lutheran doctrine.

1533
North Scandinavia - Lade and Novgorod agree to respect each others zones of influence. The Kola peninsular is left deliberately vague. Ladish troops defeat the 2nd Svealand Rebellion.

Vinland - Vinland secretly joins the Schmalkaldic League. Although it can provide no concrete help it does help push the Kalmar Union towards allying with the League.

1535
HRE - The KU allies with the Schmalkaldic League.

Denmark - Christopher II dies. Succeeded by Eric X.

1536
Eastern Roasjoinn - In what is widely regarded as the largest naval battle ever, the vast Mexic and Tawantinsuyuan fleets trade cannon fire off the South Leifian coast for four days.

1539
Hordt - Emperor Albert raises Hordt to immediacy.

1540
Anglia - William III dies. Succeeded by Henry IV.

Wessex - Hugh I dies. Succeeded by Hugh II.

1546
Wessex - Hugh II dies. Succeeded by Edmund V.

1547
HRE - KU troops fight and defeat imperial troops on behalf of the Schmalkaldic League at the Battle of Fussen, a precursor to the larger Battle of Muhlberg.

At the Battle of Muhlberg the Imperial army is defeated leading to the withdrawal of Imperial forces from Northern Germany.

Vinland - As well as providing a small Vinland-Iceland unit for the Battle of Muhlberg, Vinland sets up two trading companies. The Northern Company to handle Greenland trade and explore the Northwest Passage. The Southern Company to handle trade with the Taino, Caribs and Tawantinsuyu and also explore Tawantinland. Mexica and interior trade remained a crown business.

1548
HRE - Prince Christopher is present at the Diet of Oldenburg where the host declares lands under the league independent from Imperial authority. He leads the faction that dissuades the League from setting up a rival Emperor - ostensibly to keep the Kalmar Union the main Northern power. The League cedes all interest in Pomerania as thanks for KU's loyalty.

1551
Svealand - Svealand revolts once more, this time united behind the Leijonhufvud family and with Gothenland's assistance. Despite respectable successes by Denmark and Lade the death of Prince Christopher in battle virtually guarantees Svealand's ultimate victory.

HRE - The Empire invades Schmalkaldic Germany exploiting divisions in the Kalmar Union and also in Germany over recognition of Calvinists and whether to invade Prussia and Livonia.

Denmark - Eric X, dies, his reign has been plagued by illness. Cnut VIII succeeds.

1552
Finland - Svealand invades Finland and swiftly defeats Denmark's garrisons there.

Coabana - The Emirate of Granada occupies Coabana (OTL Cuba) to the south of Myrland as a base for its gold and silver exports from Mexica. The act begins a scramble for the Taino islands which are generally much less advanced than the mainland and under attack from the Caribs. It also allows Granada to further shake the grip Castille wielded over it. This is fully supported by Portugal.

1553
Vinland - Vinland occupies the 3 largest of the Lucayan islands (OTL Bahamas) to the west of Myrland settling with mainly Cornish descended families.

'The Vinlanders were accepted by the locals who were poor and unjustly ruled but many [of the settlers] did not like the heat or the summer storms and went home again'.

1554
Svealand - The final Danish armies are pushed out of Svealand. Though Gothenland is still occupied by Denmark, Svealand is de facto independent. John Leijonhufvud, a distant relation to the House of Eric, is proclaimed king.

1555
Carib & Taino Islands - Álengiamark and Portugal come to blows over their respective authority over the 7 Taino kingdoms on Quisqueyanos (OTL Hispaniola). Álengiamark and Vinland side with Castille which is eagerly taking over Boriken (OTL Puerto Rico). Portugal allies with Granada and Aragon. Susquehanockland and Passamaquoddia, keen to be involved in the lucrative trans-Atlantic trade, both occupy and begin to develop Lucayan islands.

Leifia - Susquehanock traders are killed in a dispute in Rome, leading to a demand from several Leifian kingdoms for proper recognition from the European powers. They ally with Leon and are active in Leon's development of their Atlantic possessions.

1556
Svealand - Cnut VIII of Denmark and of John IV of Svealand are reconciled. Both commit armies to be deployed in support of the Schmalkaldic League.

1557
Denmark - Denmark occupies various islands (OTL Virgin Islands) as a barrier between the peaceful Tainos and the warrior Caribs. Its interest in its possession never really advances much beyond building a harbour in Kristiansted and Christianising the population.

1558
Schmalkaldic Empire - The Battle of Nordlingen grinds the previously one-sided 2nd Schmalkaldic War to a halt. The Schmalkaldic League elects to setup a rival emperor as it planned to do in 1548. Cnut (or Knut) is crowned 'Emperor of the Protestant States of Germania and Scandinavia' (usually referred to as the Schmalkaldic Empire or SE) and 'Protector of the Faith'.

Gothenland, Hordaland and Man join the SE alongside Denmark, accepting Cnut as their overlord. Lade and Svealand are less enthusiastic and merely ally with it. Anglia refuses to be drawn into 'petty German wars' and leaves the Kalmar Union.

1558
Quisqueyanos - The pope mediates on the growing Quisqueyanos crisis which threatens to cause a general war in Iberia. Álengiamark is given authority over the Western third of the island. Portugal over the Eastern two-thirds. In an addition, Leon is given authority over all southern Atlantic islands (whether discovered or not). Álengiamark quickly helps its 2 Taino sub-kingdoms strengthen while Portugal is embroiled in Iberian affairs.

1562
Alkafuglaeyjar - The Vinlandic Southern Company discovers the uninhabited Alkafuglaeyjar (OTL Falklands) and claims them for Vinland. The main islands are named Hafdis and Elisiv after the 11th Century twin queens of the Norse Leifian states. Reports of the discovery immediately provoke clashes with Leon which claims all southern Atlantic islands by the Treaty of Quisqueyanos.

Rolegurfolkland - The Rolegurfolk (OTL Yamasee Indians, Camden & Glynn counties Georgia) contract Icelanders to help build fortifications and help protect against their more aggressive neighbours.

1563
Anglia - Henry IV dies. Succeeded by John III.

1565
Leifia - The Leifian Wars of Religion begin. The bishop of St Hafdiss is assassinated by Lutheran plotters. Álengiamark instigates a brutal repression of Quiripi Lutherans which is strongly criticised by Vinland and Passamaquoddia. Álengsk Catholics are beaten up and ejected from Fjallasay cathedral. Goaded by Leon and Portugal, Álengiamark blockades Vinlandic ships on Ontario Vatnin.

On the Protestant side: Vinland, Iceland, Kanienmark, Passamaquoddia, Abernakriga and Wampanoag rebels in Álengiamark. The Schmalkaldic Empire provides money.

On Catholic side: Álengiamark, Erie, Portugal, Susquehanockland, Algonquinland. Leon provides money.

1566
Leifia - The Schmalkaldic League pledges support for Vinland's war and subsidises an Icelandic army. Passamaquoddia incites the southern Wampanoag to rebel against the Álengsk. It then invades as the rebellion falters.

Vinland - Thorey IV dies. Asdis III succeeds.

1566
Wessex - Edmund V dies. Matilda II succeeds.

1567
Leifia - A Leifian Protestant League is created with Vinland at its head. Icelandic troops are attached to the Abernaki and they advance through Kanienmark to prop up its tottering forces.

Several naval battles are fought around the Lucayan islands as Leon and Susquehannockland attempt to force the League out of the area.

Erie and Álengiamark invade Hafsvaedaland but are defeated at the Battle of Vesteranní. Algonquinland accepts Catholic subsidies and blockades the Breidurass at Quebec.

1568
Leifia - League forces break through Álengsk lines at Kaater and begin besieging Kristjanaborg. It is hoped this will end the war quickly though the besieging forces are eventually driven off as winter approaches.

Wessex - Matilda II (suspected by many of being Lutheran) is usurped by her cousin Henry III. This act unleashes the Wessex War of Religion.

1569
Svealand - John IV dies. His son Gustav I succeeds.

HRE - The Italian states half-heartedly sign the Treaty of Trier which is meant to pacify the peninsula. It fails completely.

1569
Leifia - A large Portuguese army arrives at St Hafdiss and are directed to the Passamaquoddy front. Their commander is overly cautious and takes 5 months to reach Quispamis during which his forces are depleted by disease and hunger. The Passamaquoddy retreat to the Eikveggur where a refreshed Vinlandic-Icelandic army is waiting. The Portuguese are defeated during a vicious snowstorm.

1570
Wessex - Matilda II is executed at the Tower of Bristol.

1572
Leifia - The war has reached a stalemate. Álengiamark is unable to push the League out of its territory but equally the League is unable to capture any major Álengsk or Erie town. Attempts to intice Aniyunwiya into joining the Protestant side get nowhere.

Iceland - A famine begins in Iceland. Its participation in the war drops off as a result.

1570
Denmark & Schmalkaldic Empire - Emperor Cnut dies. Succeeded by Eric XI who is elected Emperor later in the year.

1574
Leifia - The Peace of Niskayuna is concluded. All 1565 borders are respected. By general agreement every state is allowed to promote its state religion within its own borders. States have no right to interfere in the religious affairs of its neighbours. By the end of the century Álengiamark is almost totally Catholic again.

1578
Alkafuglaeyjar - Using the ongoing Icelandic famine to gather support, Vinland transports 34 families from Iceland to the Alkafuglaeyjar, to settle and protect them from Leonese raids. They find the climate similar to Iceland's and sheep farming the best form of agriculture. Further colonisation is slow but Vinland keeps its colony well supplied. The Tawantinsuyu use it as a resupply depot before the dangerous crossing to Africa and a small resident population of Tawantinsuyu develops, as well as a few African Bantu.

1580
Wessex - The Lutheran faction is finally defeated at the Battle of Rochester. Wessex instigates a brutal crackdown on Protestants and is granted a huge increase in power by the cowed Parliament.

1588
Wessex - Henry III dies. Succeeded by Thomas I.

1590
Anglia - Richard III is usurped once more. William IV is crowned king at Lincoln.

1599
Svealand - Gustav I of Svealand dies. Gustav II suceeds.