1470 to 1479 (Principia Moderni III Map Game)

This page is an archive for the Principia Moderni III map game, from 1470 to 1479.

1470
In the winter months following heavy snowfall in the Netherlands, the city council of Amsterdam prohibits snowball fights, declaring that "Neymant en moet met sneecluyten werpen nocht maecht noch wijf noch manspersoon" ("no one shall throw with snowballs, neither men nor women").

'''After a long period of stabilization, uncertainty begins to rise in the Marrikuwuyanga Empire of Northern Australia as the young Emperor has come of age. The regency of the boy king’s uncle, Tipuamantimirrimirri has been viewed as a stabilizing force over the Tiwi Islands, but with the Emperor taking control of his own affairs, rumors circulate that he may be more ambitious than his uncle. The nascent military has improved their technology to include the ability to forge their own weapons using technology purchased from civilizations in Indonesia, and large orders of iron are placed to make more. It is rumored that the Emperor will seek to expand his reach and seek to begin mining his own gold and iron, rather than simply trading hardwood'''.

'''A yet to be identified disease emerges in the Mesopotamia/Persia area beginning to kill people. Most people are suffering from difficulty in breathing showing increased fatigue from just normal everyday activity. Any attempts to prevent spread fail and result in infection but not always death. This disease spreads rapidly spreading through the Middle East, and Eastern Europe and gaining various footholds in Africa as well using the Saharan trade routes and newer sea trade to infect West Africa. Containment across the board seems relatively ineffective.'''

'''A unified government is established in Egypt under the rule of a new dynasty. The reaches of the nation are secured through the use of the military, stomping out several rival local rulers and rivals leaving the Christian kingdoms nearly as enclaves in Egypt'''.

The Sultanate of Salaam evicts the Italians from the area as well and heavily fortifies the border with the Hungarian enclave.
 * Prussia: The Prussians continue to convert to the Western Church. The Prussians begin to build their army. The Prussians officially vassalize Ossel-Wiek.
 * Courland: The Curonians also continue developing their economy and military. The Curonians also continue converting to the Western Church.
 * Ossel-Wiek: Ossel-Wiek also continue developing their economy and military. Ossel-Wiek also continue converting to the Western Church.
 * Oyo Empire: Oyo continues its expedition into Mali's lands by sailing up the Niger River from their own lands. The arrival of European guns from Castilian ships have allowed the departing Oyo troops to equip themselves before their invasion. With nearly all of the Malian cities and population located on the central Niger River, and relatively unprepared for a southern invasion, not to mention the ongoing uprising of the Songhai, the Oyo successfully enter and conquer multiple cities in the Mali Empire. As the Oyo move across the river, they discover tens of thousands of decaying bodies, many who have died from fighting, and many more who have died from starvation and disease. With much of their work done for them, the Oyo make brief stops to bury the slain, and continue north and then west along the river. With their cannon, the Oyo are able to take out large walled cities of the Mali, as well as nullify any numerical advantages the Mali may held before Oyo re-inforcements arrive to bolster their forces. Within the first few months of the war, the Mali have lost all of their southeastern territories to the Oyo, and are in full retreat. Oyo generals acknowledge that while the field battles will be theirs for the taking, it will be the later insurgency they must be prepared for. Elsewhere, Oyo traders returning from parts of Africa have warned their peers from trading outside of Oyo without preparation, after they discovered the dangerous plague ravaging the region. The matter is brought before the Asaaju and the Supreme Apejọ, who discuss the matter and seek to figure out how to deal with the potential threat of the plague reaching their own lands. The Oyo government formulates a plan to counter the issue. The first includes regulating the trade routes with North Africa by mandating all traders going to and from that kingdom be certified traders from the Oyo nation. This will ensure that the traders leaving and entering Oyo are checked and cleared by Oyo, and educated in how best to handle the plague. Also, it will allow the government to know who is leaving the nation, and who to watch out for. The second plan involved the regulation of Castilian trade in the port of Lagos. With the Castilians operating out of the port, all Castilian sailors will be separated from the city-folk by moving them to dedicated housing centers outside of the city walls near the port. By containing the foreigners there, the event of a plague reaching the city of Lagos is lessened. Also, by using the secondary port facilities outside of the city, it allows local Oyo vessels to use the main port, without compromising trade with Europe. All goods needed by the Castilians will be handled outside of the city at a point of common acknowledgement, where a permanent merchant and diplomat from Oyo will reside until the crisis has passed, and allowing the Castilians to get whatever goods they need or political information from the quarantined center outside of the city. Anyone who violates the quarantine are to be killed immediately, and the Oyo government has taken steps to ensure the Castilians are aware of the new law in effect. Finally, the government establishes an entire organization to check the nation's water supplies for purity, and regulate trade by land and by sea to ensure that all threats of the plague entering Oyo are either nullified or contained to their best abilities. Asaaju Olorun states clearly that no man may contain the plague from Russia, but they can do their best to at least prevent it from killing hundreds of thousands of people, which the Oyo seem to be succeeding in doing. With any luck, they may come out of this as White Russia (Belarus) did during the Black Death more than a century ago. The census reveals a total population of 9,846,012 citizens.
 * Guaymi:  The country begins to develop a formalized army led by the Emperor's most trusted advisor, Mangali Sutu.  The army stands at 10,000 infantry soldiers, 100 Ngobe specialized bowmen, and 1200 Guaymi bowmen.  The country also begins to see small cities crop up around the nation as more Guaymians begin to settle closer together as a bartering system is primarily being used. The roads connecting Ngobe-Bugle and Guaymi have been completed as new trade routes amongst the provinces develop. At midyear Guaymi sends their established army toward the land dividing the Guaymians and the Ngobians to connect the larger nation with its newly vassalized province.
 * You're waaaay too small, your population is barely 15,000. So yeah, that's not happening. -Feud
 * Do not uncross a moderator decision unless another mod has agreed on that. -Feud
 * Ngobe-Bugle: The Ngobians begin to develop a militia separate from their head nation's army as to protect their southern and eastern borders. Chief Mushuni orders a few hospitals, schools and a large number of homes to be built in their large central city of Jigathiu, from the overproduction of wood cultivated from the previous year. Toward the end of the year, Chief Mushuni sends a messenger to Emperor Tirarokwete asking for permission to expand their territory with the help of the head of the nation.
 * France: With the defeat of Aragon and the return of French regions of Aragon and the capture of Sardinia, the foundation of the Kingdom of Sardinia begins with the coronation of Prince Louis as Louis I of Sardinia. While this, military and navy are built up. A population boom begins in Northern France after a good weather pattern and good crops. The land swap between Albion and France begins to be enacted and will be finished next year as planned. Vassalization of Aargau continues. The vassalization of Foix begins. Military, navy and economy are built up.
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up. Economy expands. French troops begin withdrawing to allow Albion takeover.
 * Albret: Military and economy are built up.
 * Nemour: Military and economy are built up.
 * Guyenne: Military and economy are built up.
 * Berry: Military and economy are built up.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up.
 * Armagnac: Military and economy are built up.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy are built up.
 * Sardinia: Military and economy are built up.
 * Basel: Military and economy are built up. A high influx from the French coming out northern and central France begins, starting a complete change in the government (and fulfilling the plan of eventual absolute control over Basel by France)
 * Portugal: Continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Leiname. By this time, the colony in Leiname starts to export wheat to Portugal. Meanwhile, some Portuguese explorers continue to explore the African coast. The Açores continue to be settled.
 * Mayan Empire: We continue to build weaponry for the troops, and set about building roads to connect the rest of the empire to Yucatan. Naval ships begin patrolling our waters, and we begin using fishing as a prime export. Slavery begins to boom, and we push 20 px miles south.
 * Too much expansion in a short period of time. The Maya - according to you - just recently re-emerged from a cultural and societal depression. You can't really go expand so heavily that fast. -Feud
 * County of Oldenburg: The proposed land-swap with Hesse is agreed to (provided we get the smidge more land and keep the East Frisian Islands) and actions are taken to actually do the swap. The OHG sends a further expedition to the Ivory Coast, dropping off two more missionary priests, who join the three left last year. The priests lay the groundwork for the joint Oldenburger-Hessian outpost, which will be established next year. The trade from the Ivory Coast is put entirely toward paying the Scandinavians for Neu Borkum. (This is an economy turn). The two Arctic colonies continue to thrive thanks to the whaling and sealing industries. Fisherman also begin using the islands as bases, with Frisian and Oldenburger fishermen becoming more and more adventurous. The fisherman who lives on Neu Baltrum is not particularly pleased about this, and petitions Governor Kestner to do something about it. Governor Kestner, for once given something slightly stimulating to do, springs to action. He gives the fisherman an official charter, and levies a tax on the mainlander fishermen. The tax does nothing to deter them from the rich fisheries, but it does do something to improve the state of the colony's coffers. In other news, traders begin voicing their concern that the Oldenburger flag is too damn similar to the Aragonese flag! Count Christian VI sees a slight resemblance, and calls upon his chief heralds to think up a better flag, more worthy of the great Oldenburger realm. In yet other news, the Council of the County hears of the evil doings of the Amsterdam government. They jokingly send an angry letter to the Dutch monarch, voicing their concern over taking away the "venerable and noble right of every Burgher ... to throw snowballs whenever they so wish". They back up their words with actions, passing an unenforcable law mandating one snowball fight per day in the Oldenburger town square.
 * Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: Bishop Klemens considers starting his own bank, the Episcopal Bank of Osnabruck. His financial advisors think it's a wonderful idea, sensing that this is a wonderful time to break into the financial market. Indeed, lots of things are looking good for Osnabruck economically. Agricultural yields have increased heaps since the nationalisation of manorial lands, and having priests in place of most public servants takes away the need to pay them adequately! Klemens, not usually a man known for his humour, also admonishes the Amsterdam city council for their evil actions. 
 * Mughal Diplomacy: We offer an official trade agreement to ALL the nations in the  INDIAN LEAGUE  in order to recreate the trade routes between the Middle Eastern and indian nations. Of course, due to the recent disease in the nations west of our Empire, we will prepare quarantine areas near our borders to keep the disease away from India.
 * Netherlands: Under the orders of Maurice I the efforts to expand and improve the navy continue. Trade and exploration along the coast of Africa continue. The outpost on the Nigerian Coast is sustained. However, thoughts about moving the outpost to the OTL island of Fernando Po are considered. expansion of infrastructure continues. The cultural and economic growth of the Netherlands continues.
 * Bengal Sultanate: The decrease in taxes on the landed elite does its job in most areas of the Sultanate, decreasing the tax load on the peasantry and earning him their support. The tax cuts on the merchant class allow for more trade to be conducted, and a recent lax on some of the quota laws allows for more goods to be shipped from Bengal, greatly increasing trade income. Trade with the state of Ava continues, with influence being placed through trade on Ava. Cash crops continue to be grown in large amounts. With our merchants traveling to Ava, Koch, Ahom and Arakan regularly, Islam continues to grow in their nations. Most all trade roads begin to see much-needed maintenance. Due to Bengal having control over lands of multiple ethnicities and religions, literary works in the form of poems and epics continue to take influence from all three religions of the Sultanate. Urdu, also called Hindi by some, becomes more common in the Sultanate due to the mixing of Hindu and Islamic ideals. We continue to help finance the Plutocratic State of Jaunpur, Delhi Sultanate and Bahamani Sultanate by sending gifts directly to the nobles/sultans, offering loans from powerful trade bankers and decreasing the trade taxes all over Bengal, allowing more of our merchant goods to travel into those states. We also raise a portion of the Sultan's personal levy and then divide it out to be sent to the states' leaders, so that they can do with them what they wish in order to maintain order in their nation. The construction of schools and universities several years ago has led to an increase is scholars and literacy in our nation. The Sultan's son continues to be tutored by scholars from three of the different major religions in the known world, Islam, Buddhism and Hinduism. 'The friction is defused between the landed elite due to a willing discharge of the Phay-sat schematics, allowing more landed elite to produce them, lowering their price and increasing their availability. Due to the removal of trade barriers between a majority of states in the Indian League, their merchants and ours begin to travel with increased mobility and goods, thereby increasing the trade income and output in the agreeing nations. The scholars from the agreeing nations on the issue of siege guns meet within Khandesh to begin to understand how to create a more powerful cannon.
 * Emirate of Andamana: Mansoor Basil Amirmoez continues to reclaim land on the island to make room for farms, and to have timber for building both boats and houses. The Emirate expands another 500 km into the island. The ships built by the timber from the island help contribute to Bengali trade. Continues working on economy and infrastructure.
 * Rajya of Orissa: Unlike the other vassals of the Bengali Sultanate, Bhandudeva IV is kept farther away from the daily politics of controlling Orissa, relying mainly on Islamic advisors sent directly by the Bengal Sultan. The advisors quickly persuade Bhandudeva IV to allow the Muslim settlers in the northern part of the Rajya to hold land south of the previously agreed living space. Continues working on military and infrastructure. Bhandudeva IV passes away, and the advisors vote in a Hindu successor, named Kapilendra Deva.
 * Swargadeo of Kamarupa: Now vassalized by Bengal, the Swargadeo of Ahom continues to receive extensive help to create viable farmland. They do this by continuing a process of land reclamation in the northern part of the state, which is largely marshy and thinly populated. This process of reclamation begins by using dikes, embankments and irrigation systems. The Swargadeo (King) of Ahom passes away and his son inherits the Kingdom from his father.
 * Zapotec (I'm back!): Tlaco II expands Danibaan's influence in the surrounding city-states by way of the Zapotec Alliance. Roadways connecting cities in the alliance help merchants and soldiers move more freely between them. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. In the coastal regions under Danibaan's influence, more boats are created. Tlaco orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Daibaan continues expanding into the surrounding city-states north along the gulf coast. Trade with the Aztecs commences after years of stagnation under Tlaco I.
 * Alexandria: Trade continues to increase as the ports are re-established and more people are converted to Coptic Christianity due to the See of Saint Mark's presence, including those of the True Faith. The final portions of the Mashriq fleet is repaired for Alexandria's use. Dignitaries and soldiers from Grigorios remain in the Nile Delta region to help Aiguptia and Brother Ibrahim stabilize Aiguptia. Missionaries and political complete organization in the Judea area to establish a Christian Kingdom under the guidance of Alexandria and Aiguptia as the Province of Judea. Ibrahim and Grigorios are working on how to best govern the area. Resources and military are sent to to Aiguptia to build and protect  the canal as that process continues and workers are encouraged to go seek out this opportunity - especially minority groups. The Philadelphi Canal opens to light traffic and medium sized ships. At many point though the canal is still being widened so two or three ships can pass. This leads to growth of the economy. Christians in North African nations are invited to immigrate to Alexandria. The land acquired from Yemen by the Red Sea sees a small port town established for sailors and merchants to rest before going into the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean. Alexandria begins to worry about the plague and takes mild precautionary action and inspects goods and traders. No animals are allowed to be transported through Alexandria or Cairo until further notice. Kyriacos takes his first steps. Econ turn. In the Province of Judea: they raise up soldiers to protect both Christian, Islamic and Jewish pilgrimages. Taxes are not like those in Alexandria where they favor Christians, but rather equal for all three of these religions. Judea expands 100 px into the Sinai Peninsula, strengthening its connection to Aiguptia and Alexandria. Small amounts of conversions take place mainly converting Christians to Coptic Christianity.
 * This was supposed to be part of your nation proper - not a vassal -Feud
 * It is not a vassal ... I just wanted to be specific with its development. It is a subdivision of Alexandria and is reflected as such on my nation page. I have tried to correct this to be clearer. g greg e   (talk)  17:05, April 12, 2014 (UTC)
 * Aiguptia: Continues to stabilize the nation. Engineers, cartographers and philosophers from all trade partners are offered jobs to work on expanding the Philadelphi Canal to take on present day cogs, treasure fleets and other ships. The canal is opened for small ships and light traffic and is expected to fully open in 1474/75, and undergoes final preparations for its initial opening. Workers flow in seeking work and benefits that stream from the jobs, even those from disorganized areas of the former Mashriq Sultanate and the new Sultanate in Egypt. Aiguptia increases efforts to house these immigrant workers. Citizens and people in the surrounding regions and province are converted to Coptic Christianity. Missionaries continue to convert people, especially in Cairo. Cairo also attracts many in anticipation of the canal. The city at the crossing point of the canal OTL Zagazig, begins to be filled by merchants and people looking to get invovled in the trade industry. Military continues training of European tactics picked up from Rome and other Catholic nations that assisted Alexandria. Inf turn.
 * Mapuche: The usage of the girl's symbols becomes more widespread as a method of communication and as storing information. Mapuche craftsmen continue to produce increasing quantities of goods and gain wealth, in turn increasing their desire for easier trade. Several merchants gather in a village to devise ways to transport more goods more quickly; their converstion revolves primarily around how to improve transportation between the villages. As the Mapuche trade network expands westward, the tribe starts to receive significant quantities of stone from the mountains and foothills. The War Band continues its training and upgrades its weapons and armor. Approximately 15,000 Mapuche inhabit the territory.
 * Hamburg-Mecklenburg: Hamburg is disappointed at Scandinavia's refusal to mend relations. With the city of Hamburg located at the border, some ask Duke Friedrich to move the capital to a city farther away. Friedrich rejects it, saying "Are we the Duchy of Brunswick? The Duchy of Lauenburg? No, we are the Duchy of Hamburg". The Port of Hamburg continues to grow, becoming the largest in the Holy Roman Empire. The Oyo are asked for a trade agreement with Hamburg. Hamburg's African posts continue to bring in more traffic, Neue Lüneburg due to its prime location, and Williamsburg thanks to its position along the ship routes. Meanwhile, Hamburger ships continue to explore the African coast, hearing stories from Dutch and Castilian crews of the Kongo, and determined to reach it. Later in the year, reports of a virus spreading from the Middle East reach Hamburg, and precautions are made for if it arrives.
 * Ruppin: Military expanded.
 * Magdeburg: Military expanded.
 * Oyo Diplomacy: Oyo agrees to the trade acknowledgement of Hamburg.
 * Mughal Empire: We expand our economy and prepare quarantines on our western borders due to the disease spreading.
 * S. Chagatai Khanate: The Khan slowly becomes old, as his war wounds make him weaker and weaker. The nation works on its infrastructure.
 * The Kingdoms of Great Albion (Scotland and England) - member nation of the UKGA: The Navy is expanded further with the integration of the Scottish and Breton fleets. The number now stands at 440 ships total. The coronation ceremony was a joyous fanfare, the King personally thanked the Castilian and Moroccan attendees. Under the leadership of the new king, the parliaments of Wales, Scotland and England ratify the equal representation act. Wales and Scotland will remain in union with England, but will now have their own parliament to better discuss local affairs. All military will be ceded to England. All three nations are renamed Great Albion. The membership of the United Kingdoms of Greater Albion has gone form four nations to just two, The Kingdom of Eire, and the Kingdoms of Great Albion to better consolidating power in the isles. The transition to a more open system is expected to take the better part of the next few decades. Port Edmundburg continues to experience a growth in population. Albionic settlers continue to explore the surrounding areas. The Albionic Royal Navy begins better mapping Africa for the Crown. After decades of cultural merging, a new, Celto-Germanic culture finally begins to take firmer root. The English language has grown in official use and now royal documents, previously in Latin, are now translated into English. Troops that fought in the Pan Hispania Wars return home and facilitate a minor baby boom. These experienced soldiers now train the army and navy commanders in advanced battle tactics. Minister of Warfare, Alfred Reddington, increases the use of firearms in the military. The King returns to Albion this year, Royal duties are discharged back to the King. Trade is asked from the Oyo. After hearing the Netherlands ridiculous law, the mayor of London declares 12 Noon every winter day as "Scürterch Dag" (snowball day in Middle English) to poke fun at the the Nederlanders ( mid-English)
 * Brittany: Brittany is officially placed under Albionic influence. The military and navy are expanded.
 * Calais: Military and navy are expanded.
 * Dublin: Dublin undergoes another remodel and expansion to the ports due to the massive influx of trade from Castile and Venice as well as an increased Eire trade.
 * Scotland: The new parliament begins its first session this year. Brian MacNeil is appointed as Royal Minister. Scotland begins to exclusively use the Albionic pound. Several new Consuete Churches are built. The Catholic Diocese, banned for years, has been allowed to resettle. The military and navy are expanded. Scotland sees a major population boom after the war.
 * Wales: Wales expands its military and navy. Cardiff becomes a large centre of trade for Wales. The Welsh appoint Adam Cyrdger as Royal Minister. The first sessions of parliament are held. Wales does not see as large a population boom as Albion or Scotland, but a minor one, centered around Cardiff and Swansea, does occur.
 * Oyo Diplomacy: The Oyo Empire agrees to trade with Albion.
 * Chiribaya: We continue to build up our economy and infrastructure.
 * Caucasian Confederation: As the plague spreads throughout the Middle East, the military is expanded in all of the Confederation states to enforce order in the worst-affected areas. While quarantine procedures prove largely ineffective in stopping the spread of the disease, an improvised form of triage does alleviate the worst effects. Nonetheless, the urban centers of Tbliisi, Yerevan, Arbela, and Mosul all suffer heavy losses from the plague. The Muslim populations of the Confederation are particularly hard-hit by the outbreak, since none of the Confederation's leadership sees fit to "waste" proper medical care upon them. Brief rebellions in Rani over the issue are swiftly are bloodily suppressed. With the Mansuriyyan cession of a Persian port to Assyria complete, refugees from the plague stream southward and begin settling the area south-east of Abadan [OTL Bandar Khomeini]. The port - tentatively named Saporto Alexandre in honor of the ailing Georgian king - is expected to take some twenty years to reach the point where it can organize officially-backed expeditions.
 * Rumania: Radu, now 36, Pushes for more economic growth. He promotes trade and offers tax benefits to merchants, many print shops are opening across the nation after the introduction of the printing press by the venetians. The Venetian school increases its attendance and more scholars are hired to teach classes. The Patriarchate of Rumania encourages its priests to help educate their followers, teaching peasants to write their names and read print. Many new mines open for salt and Iron as well as a few for coal. Coal is becoming a more common source of heat in the winter, also the fuel has seen increasing use in the foundries on the coast, and in forges across Wallachia. A mysterious disease has become a problem across Moldavia and is affecting the coasts of Wallachia and Bulgaria. The prince orders several areas to be designated as “plague Zones” and all persons who show symptoms are to be placed in the areas. Everyone is advised to avoid contact with dying, to prevent the spread of the curse to the healthy. The states of: Kiev, Chernigov, Volhynia and the Azovan Khanate are all sent trade offers, and alliance offers. (Mod Response needed. Come now I have been asking for almost a decade)  Mircea II, now 15, continues his education, learning of: economics, military strategy, leadership, mathematics, literature, and other skills necessary for leadership.
 * The Consulate of Bulgaria: Work is done on improving the economy, mines and mills open, as well as several shipyards. Varna bustles with goods. The collapse of the Silk Road has increased the demand for salt, as a preservative, and this is reflected in the rise in demand. Much salt from Rumania is shipped to Varna and exported all across the Mediterranean. Quarantines are established for the victims of the new disease, though cases are relatively rare in the interior.
 * Hesse: Ludwig II, after thinking it over, decided to cancel the buying of the Oldenburger lands. He also demands a reform of the military. Instead of having a bunch of organized regiments Mein Kleines Mädchen, Carola (My Little Girl, Carola) a continous pattern, he decides to follow a chronological pattern. These effects will not effect the structure, but merely the names of the armies. With the construction of the new trade post coming up soon, a detachment of three new ships from the Hessian port towns in Holstein are sent out to scout the southern seas and help with the construction of the trade post. Meanwhile, a group of supply ships drop new colonists and supplies off at Neu Lippe. The ship also drops off the new Count, Hermann IV, Ludwig II's brother. Hermann IV starts the construction efforts as soon as possible. Ludwigism spreads into the newly vassalized lands of Koln and Westfalen. Wilhelm I and Eva both celebrate their tenth birthdays this year in Silberberg. A small town develops around silberberg, mostly of the rich. Meanwhile, Ludwig II has another daughter, Carola. Carola became Ludwig II's favorite child. However, during a travel to Koln, Carola fell from her mother's arms and died on the road. Ludwig II rode back to Silberberg and locked himself away, writing a sad song in the remembrance of Carola.
 * I'm not sure if you can colonise Neu Lippe, as I'm not entirely convinced that you own direct access to the sea. Would you be able to direct me to the turn in which you gained direct sea access? Callumthered (talk) 21:34, April 12, 2014 (UTC) 
 * Ashikaga Shogunate: Dissent among the peasantry in the Shogunate over the Shogun's repressive policies and the divisive introduction of tithes increases, with rural violence spreading out of the Date Province in to the rest of the Shogunate. In the rest of the Shogunate, government forces begin to lose control of the situation, with widespread clashes between the Shogun's military forces and the peasantry. Desertion begins to mark the Shogun's armies, with many men joining the rebel forces. In the Date Province, the Imperial Shinto Sect take de facto control, using their influence to set up a Provisional Council to take control of the Province. Calls are again made for the Emperor to take power to help overthrow the Shogunate. Mod response please.
 * ​The Emperor acquiesces to the calls. Callumthered (talk) 21:34, April 12, 2014 (UTC) 
 * Venetian Republic:
 *  Books on various topics spread from Venice throughout Europe, continuing the Renaissance. Printed in the Venetian language, they teach of the sciences and humanities and revive learning, spreading knowledge (as well as the language) far and wide. .
 *  With the increased supply of Ducats, the fluidity of European trade increases with Ducat-using nations benefiting most. 
 *  Many people sentenced to death are drowned in the canals as is the Venetian tradition. The tradition is becoming the primary way to execute criminals and is spreading to the Venetian territories across Europe. 
 *  Fine wool and silk clothing from Titani is exported across the Mediterranean and Black Sea and begins to set the trend in Renaissance clothing. 
 *  Venetian trade reaches across the known world. Merchant ships carry salt, silks, glass and a collection of other goods, both common and rare. Venetian traders are the largest carriers of trade in Europe, with the thousands of ships and a trading tradition continuing to fuel this. 
 *  The Roscol Bank uses local subsidiaries all across Europe to fund trade, with a leaning toward funding trade with Venice. They also fund enterprises across the continent, boosting the economies of the nations which they inhabit. The Roscol Bank invests conservatively. While this doesn't bring in as much wealth as other nations' banking, such as the Dutch, it results in a much more robust level of equity. 
 *  Due to the stability of business and protection afforded to private enterprise in Venice, many merchants set up shop in the city despite being foreign, utilising the Venetian law to protect their businesses. Criminals and a less divided merchant class mean prosperity for all those involved with Venetian business in some way. 
 * In Veneto Medardo becomes renowned for his swordsmanship and is known as Medardo el Rapidospada (Medardo the Quicksword). The Masaro Collegantia and Patroni de el Portadura begin to compete for fertile land across Veneto, with the former aiming to try to monopolise farming in Veneto. Acua Botega increases their sales of their ships and opens a few new workshops. Cultural influence of the Republic and Empire continues. The Consegio de Fe institutes a secret police with the aim of eliminating vocal minority preachers. The Consegio de Diexe also institutes a secret police, however, with the aim of eliminating rebel elements in society. The Tola de Savio Omni declares that Venice will seek to right the wrongs of the past and sets out propaganda against its historical enemy of Milan. The Order of Saint Mark numbers 65,000 now and seems stable. The beliefs of the true faith are popular amongst commoners - especially those who feel the church does not practice the faith properly. Alexandria is the destination of massive amounts of pilgrimage from True Faith believers who also attempt to convert locals as well as settle down. (reaction to Bavaria for Cookie) The Roscol Sigilar Collegantia fumes at the actions of Jacqueline, they invite Eleanor to meet with the Provetidor and other senior officials discuss important matters, which are hinted to include funding as well as militaristic support. The other Venetian Sigilar Collegantia eyes up the situation in Bavaria and raise concern about the developing issues with one of Venice's biggest trade partners in the HRE. The Maxor Consegio meets to discuss the issue and many nobles and merchants there shout to support Eleanor. Two important Venetian merchants called Magno Cancharello and Valerio Volpe, whose businesses in Bavaria have been practically destroyed by the actions of Jacqueline, go to personally join Eleanor's retinue pledging to serve her until the end of their days (and also promising to use their substantial reserves to hire forces in the future). Feel free to use these guys to throw more flavour in, they're your characters now'. Christofo is glad for the increased support for Eleanor and the trouble under Jacqueline but decides that Bavaria needs to be in more turmoil before he can proceed further. The Tola de Savio Onmi supports Christofo's choice to be patient.
 * Thanks for this, Kun! - Cookie
 * In the Free Port of Porto Tolle the True Faithers rebel but when the Venetian forces arrive they put down a large amount of the True Faith population and restore the rule of Catholic Superpotensas. Catholic mobs attack the homes of known True Faith sympathisers. The Order of Saint Mark is largely dispersed here after the new Superpotensa, Oliverio Solsa, orders the Pretors to burn down the order house.
 * In the Province of Istra the Doge has a force of 1000 men arrest and execute Conte Paladin. His close advisers are also arrested and executed. Paladin's son of eight years, Vitaliano, is allowed to succeed to the position of Conte on the proviso that his family members hand themselves over to be released two at a time per year. The advisers loyal to the Doge are instructed to ensure proper governance continues.
 * In the Free Port of Scutari Romaso receives a letter instructing him to forsake his heretical beliefs. He does so, at least publicly.
 * In the Province of Albania the siege of Kavaja ends with the Venetian-Albanian forces storming the weakened occupiers, but losing 300 men themselves. The 500 northern raiders abandon Mamurrasi, burning and killing in retreat, they leave Venetian territory for the better prospects of rebellion in the Italian lands. The southern and northern Venetian-Albanian armies surround Salushe and demand the surrender of the rebels inside. At the end of the year the Venetian-Albanian forces control the province's capital of Durazzo and seven out of eight other major settlements and have a total force number of 3600 while the Albanian-rebels control one out of eight major settlements and have a total force number of 1950.
 * In the Province of Zante Conte George continues to invest in the fishing industry, building more docks for villages and towns to use.
 * In the Free Port of Argos Superpotensa Justin continues to carry out the great alm but now uses Catholic priests to do so, leaving the Order of Saint Mark isolated.
 * In the Province of Attica the Potensa of Marathon arrests the Conte and sends him to Venice for judgment.
 * In the Province of Mytilene after a year of dealing with various corruptions, 300 of the men who arrived, leave for Venice. The 200 remaining stay to fill out the empty spaces in the local bureaucracy, administration and law enforcement.
 * In the Province of Candelore the Doge's agents come back with contradictory reports. Although the Doge does receive reliable financial information which seems to suggest there is no corruption and that spending and taxing is being carried out properly and responsibly.
 * In the Province of Morocco trade with the African nations and the various European island colonies continues well. Meanwhile, the trade outposts along the African coastline begin to grow in population, Patroni de el Portadura takes an interest in the region and buys one of the trade outposts.
 * Mil-turn
 * Epirote Republic:
 * In Epirus the council agrees to use illyrian influences in Epirus as a basis for further development of the Epirote ideals.
 * In the Free Ports of Epirus Tre Cita develops their shipbuilding capacity, and begins encouraging men into the city guards of Saranda, Preveza and Titani.
 * In the Province of Valona the Conte develops an early warning system along the northern border, in case fighting in Italian Albania spills over into Valona.
 * In the Province of Arta the Conte limits exposure in the Greek Communities to the propaganda of the Ioanninan government, so as not to arouse trouble.
 * Eco-turn
 * Venetian Empire:
 * In the Province of Aegina the Conte finds that the population of the island is slowly growing under stable governance. Eco-turn
 * In the Free Port of Athens the Doge sends 1000 troops to put down True Faithers, the Athenian city guard joins them and they move to purge the countryside too, taking churches under state control. The action brings many to believe the religious instability is over and merchants begin to frequent Athens more. Eco-turn
 * In the Province of Candia Sugar crops continue to be a major part of the Candian economy, and are spread across the island more under the guidance of the Conte. Eco-turn
 * In the Corfiot Protectorate the Governor General die. A new Governor General is elected called Alberto Sanuto. The Red Army recruits another 150 men bringing the numbers to 2850. Mil-turn
 * In the Province of Kaffa Simon the elder dies, leaving the Province in mourning. The minorities are particularly concerned for their well being as Simon the elder was the one who protected them from persecution. Simon the younger redoubles his efforts, working long hours and barely being seen to rest. His work brings the Kaffan cavalry to 500 strong and makes Kaffan merchants more confident, boosting trade incomes. Eco-turn
 * In the Naxian Protectorate Naxian trade with Alexandria grows and brings wealth to the economy, many Naxian Merchants pressure the Governor General to beseech the Doge to get access to the canal. However, later in the year the Governor General dies at sea having been caught by a chance wind. Eco-turn
 * In the Province of Negroponte Conte Gian continues considerations to create a Sigilar Collegantia for Negroponte. Meanwhile, he invests in creating an official city guard for Negropont. Mil-turn
 * In the Free Port of Ragusa many locals raise concerns about the Sigilar Collegantia's affect on the freedom of the people and of Ragusa. The Black Government listens to the concerns and begins debating how to deal with the issue. Meanwhile, Negrocita helps the economy grow further, increasing local incomes. Eco-turn
 * Castile: The Castilian economy has massively swelled with thanks to the creation of the Spanish confederation and the addition of Aragon's trade and military fleet at Castile's disposal. Along with this, the population of Castile has reached about 6.9 million with growth somewhat slowing down with Castilians migrating to Aragon en masse to fill up positions and prevent some ethnic revolution from developing. Many of these settlers, though, are men offered a policing or security job in the country and many of these men begin to interbreed and help the cultural assimilation of Aragon. Castile, as leader of the Spanish confederation, begins a series of economic and military reforms on all the kingdoms in order to expand all the local economies and militaries and centralize the confederation's economies in general. Castile at this point has explored farther down Africa establishing multiple trade posts along the way and reaching a point where the sea rounds the continent. However, the failure of supplies has led this exploration fleet having to turn back. Castile has begun the development of a series of new ships meant to replace some of the aging designs and add some new innovations. The Castilian navy begins to replace multiple ships with the new carracks as some of the largest ships in the Castile fleet. The Castilian renaissance with the addition of Aragon's renaissance techniques has exploded significantly and with permission from the monarchy embroiled with organizing the Spanish confederacy and multiple projects the Renaissance has led to a mass amount of art and technological innovation being developed. Castile and its confederacy and vassals has now fully converted to the Western Church with the only exception being Cyprus due to its Orthodox roots and Orthodox leadership which prevents a total conversion. Castile continues to vassalize the Kongo (Five of Eight) using the trade, fleet basing and a promise to help them Christianize their brothers and seize more territory as a pretense for this.
 * Kingdom of Aragon: The Country itself is placed in a personal union under Castile with Ferdinand of Castile ruling over both Castile and Aragon. The relatively good treatment of Aragon by Castile and the fallacy of actions of the previous king in burning various areas and completely razing Aragon's capital city have forever earned the enmity and hate of most of the Aragonian people, many of which believed they could continue their lives under Castile in a better fashion, with greater access to Castile's vast diplomatic, trade and military power. This, along with common religion and semi-related language, has lead to a nearly seamless transition into the personal union. Nobles have been appointed by Prince Carlos of Castile personally who has personally overseen the majority of the war in Aragon which with his expertise, charisma and swaying abilities has led to many supporting his decisions on either side. Carlos himself is appointed the transitional governor of Aragon in order to facilitate a much smoother transition. The Kingdom's navy previously seized is returned to people sympathetic to Castilians and the military navy in particular is given to a series of respected and well known Aragonians loyal to Castile. Aragon's assimilation into Castile cultural base begins due to many nobles now speaking Spanish (Castilian) which shows a notable effect of a few people especially merchants which are currently able to speak the language proficiently. Aragonians, spurred on by Prince Carlos to rebuild Zaragoza, begin the work needed to rebuild the city and the various burned towns surrounding the city. For the time being, however, the capital of Aragon proper is migrated to Valencia. With Castilian assistance various infrastructural areas are rebuilt and the military is expanded to a token force of 4000. Along with this support the Aragonian economy recovers slowly with a slow but controlled influx of Castilian economic aid helping Aragon recover. The Aragonian Navy is allowed by Castile to move toward settlements in the Canaries down into Capo Verde, and according to Castilian trade agreements docks in Oyo for trade nearly doubling their previous range. This is pushed down further pushing underneath Oyo farther down the coast using Castilian trade posts to explore.
 * Kingdom of Granada: The economy, while moderate, is expanded. The Prince of Granada is a Castilian noble named Juan Cortez who is extremely biased against Muslims due to his father's death in the original war against Morocco over Gibraltar. The country's armed forces also begin to fight the remaining Muslims in the mountains and begin the forced conversion of the remaining Muslims in Granada. The military is worked on just in case. The Granadan kingdom begins to build up a moderate navy with the expressed example of reaching 50 ships over the next few years. The Granadan prince begins to look at the integration of Granada as a possibility due to the majority of the population being Western Catholic and Castilian. This is to be done over a long term period.
 * Kingdom of Cyprus: The King of Cyprus is now King Alexander of Cyprus. The King of Cyprus begins to see Castilian culture not as a dominant force but a possible blendable culture that can fit well within Cypriot society. The economy and military of the country is built up as is the infrastructure with a nice road system being built throughout the country. Cyprus gaining large funds from being a Castilian trade hub, begins building a few ships domestically, and purchases ships from Castile, or her allies shipwrights forming a respectable Cypriot navy of almost 90 ships with expected expansion to come. This expansion has been achieved specifically thanks to huge amounts of outsourcing to private shipwrights. Cyprus begins to see an exodus of the Knights Hospitaller west to Castile and her territories and King Matthias begins a larger recruitment for the military managing to raise a force of nearly 10,000. This force is largely funded through the large trade Cyprus has gathered. The troops are styled after Castile's royal army and Cyprus embarks on an intense training program in order to bring them up to standards. The Knights, with many departing also have many older and other knights stay due to their close ties with Cyprus. They remain to run the Knights Hospitaller in Cyprus for the foreseeable future while a large number have migrated across the sea. The Kingdom of Cyprus due to the recent issues in Castile reluctantly recognizes Carlos and his Regency for Prince Ferdinand. Cyprus itself with its fleet of nearly 100 ships begins to take after the Venetian example with trade and begins to put Cypriot merchant ships into state possession for trade in order to help with the kingdom's finances and heavy trade. This show immediate results as a relative increase in funding and attention to trade between Castile and her allies begins to improve the quality of trade.
 * Kingdom of Morocco: The less fortunate and disenfranchised are converted. The Kingdom itself is a Christian kingdom with a similar situation of early Castile and Aragon, with large numbers of Muslims and a small number of Christians. However, the Christian community in Morocco is expanded thanks to the influx of traders and settlers from Castile and some other immigrants looking for an opportunity to live a new life here. The Kingdom establishes its capital in Casablanca and with this, begins a major point of establishing a major military presence in the area. The infrastructure, particularly in dealing with transport and water, is expanded to accommodate more people but the only people allowed to settle are Christians - particularly from Hispania. A notable number of Castilians settle the area. The leader of Morocco styled a king, out of respect deducts himself in rank to Prince of Morocco as the throne is only to be held by the King of Castile himself if it's ever required. The country begins the construction of various canals and cultivates trees farther inland to help increase arable farmland. The Moroccan economy continue to expand with greater trade coming from Castile and the Canaries all the way down to Capo Verde increasing the relative wealth. The Kingdom's army proper raised by immigrant Christians now numbers about 15,000 itself and is expected to grow. The revolt near Fez is finally stamped out after years, with the first of the Elite Christian Berber troops coming out of the revolt as brilliant, albeit brutal shock troops that put down the revolt.
 * Cuzco: War with the Aymaras contniues. We, fearing we may be outflanked by the Ica-Nazca, expand south into the region between Chiribaya and the Ica-Nazca. The war with the Aymara stirs up a sense of pride, similar to nationalism, in the city of Cuzco. A small population boom begins in the city, the current population stands at 74,000 - not including the areas conquered from the Aymaras.
 * Safavid Persian Empire: The revolts are hastily put down by aggressive force, and meanwhile, a new threat is apparent, plague. Quarantines are set up, in hopes that it will slow the spread. Meanwhile, we begin to influence Medistan. We work on military.
 * Yemen: The Emir decides to leave Constantinople, partially because his requests of audience with the Emperor have been ignored, but mainly because when he hears of the recent plague that has stricken his nation, he feels he must return to his nation to help the realm in this time of need. Upon return, the Emir tries everything he can to stop the spread of the plague, but most of the attempts to stop the plague help only slightly and the rest not at all. In a last resort attempt, the Emir tries to assemble some of the scholars to help research a cure or at least a method of containing the plague that is, at least, effective. While initial research makes little progress, the Emir still puts faith in the scholars. While the plague has taken focus off the main politics of the nation, the Emir had closed most ports in a hope to decrease the spread of the plague, which did have an adverse effect on the economy. The Emir continues influencing Oman.
 * In the Tartary, reconstruction continues. The Azovan Khanate continues to be influenced, with more grain being sent into the nation as the flu hits agricultural workers in the nation more hardly than merchants in the Tartary. The economy, however, stops growth because of the events of disease, which hit the nation before efficient quarantine measures could be put in placed by the fledgling state.
 * Great Perm: feels devastating effects of the plague, as it is the most urbanised and densely populated.
 * Adyghea's isolation prevents it from catching the plague this year, and the economy grows.
 * Ayutthaya: (Guns asked me to post for him) expands its infrastructure. The population also grows as the nation is connected to trade routes in its vassal, Sri Vijaya.
 * Sri Vijaya and Padang: expand their economies, while Aceh expands its infrastructure. The Acehi Muslims begin decreasing in number as Buddhist pressure begins by citizens of the other vassals of the Thais.
 * Mansuriyya Caliphate: Caliph Fatih refuses to flee and declares that Allah is stronger than any mere disease. The population is counted and is counted as just above three million. Containment methods in the outer Mesopotamian villages is ineffective. Baghdad is quarantined, and only the healthy are allowed to enter. The military continues to be improved.
 * In the Emirate of Sanafah, the population continues to expand, despite a recent trend in which no foreign trade is arriving to trade for our spices or other agricultural goods. This leads to a surplus of these supplies as well as a drop in prices which allows locals to afford these goods, which sustained their ancestors for centuries, for the first time in excess. They are extremely pleased with the spices and as a result a minor explosion of culture takes place. Without foreign influences, the martial art of moraingy is expanded to become a cultural phenomena and a sort of competition between villages and towns. Additionally, with a new emphasis on culture in the lack of foreign trade, art begins to develop. Carvings made from various woods begin to become a popular genre of art, and musical developments also take place. Notably, salegy, a popular local genre of music, receives island-wide fame after a number of musicians tour throughout the countryside. The first census is taken, under the auspices of last year's decree. The Madagasikara League is responsible for this census, and puts the population of Sanafah at 367,000. Meanwhile, in Sakalava, the Chief decides to stop expansion and focus upon integration of the main populations, including Bara and Mahafaly tribes. One of the first steps is to bring infrastructure already found in the main cities of Sakalava and Sanafah to the smaller villages of the countryside in Sakalava's frontiers. The Sakalavan census puts the population of Sakalava at 258,000.
 * Dina Morgabin: continues to develop as a powerful agricultural center, growing variations of the spices located on Madagasikara but also other spices like ginger, cinnamon, cardamom, curry, and turmeric are grown. The population, as measured in the census, is 9500.
 * Dina Arob: expands to encompass the island of Rodrigues, naming the island Dina Kely, meaning "small island." Dina Arobi's population is recorded as 3700.
 * Sofala: Continues to expand to the south and gains many cultural elements from Sanafah and the island of Madagasikara. For example, moraingy spreads throughout the nation, as does salegy music and wood carving art. Additionally, the Malagasy tongue continues to catch on in popularity. Sofala's population is 156,000, according to the census.
 * Merina and Betsimisaraka: Both are officially centralized this year. Their local chiefs swear fealty to the Grand Chief of the Madagasikara League, effectively becoming vassals of the Sanafahi Emirate. The internal improvements, subsidized by the League continue. Both states are included in the League's census. Merina has a population of 26,000 while Betsimisaraka has a population of 29,000 people.
 * In the Comoros, the art revolution from Sanafah spills over. Culture begins to foment, and the fishing industry contracts minorly this year since trade diminishes. Nonetheless, the economy increases as locals are getting better treatment. The Comoros expand into the Seychelles. Similarly, Pembara expands to the south. The Comoros' population is established as 54,000 according to the census.
 * In Betsileo, a movement to annex Bezanozano begins. It is supported by people and tribal leaders from both nations, and progress toward this end is made. Meanwhile, Betsileo focuses on integrating the various cultures of the island and notably begins to focus on Sakalavan cultural developments, like moraingy and salegy music, which was originally unique to the Sakalavan states. The current ruler of Betsileo begins to grow old and his daughter, the wife of the heir of the Chief of all Sakalava, begins to take over many local affairs from her father. The census puts the population of Betsileo at 230,000 and the population of Bezanozano at 154,000. As a result of the upcoming annexation, Betsileo will be the largest state on Madagasikara in terms of population.
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Forward: A large thanks to Kunarian for providing much welcomed, creative contributions to my Eleanor/Jacqueline story. Landshut expands its military. The population continues to rise. Grand Duchess Jacqueline and her council continue to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with twenty-five very large cogs being finished, and by 1470 a trade route is put in place. Such important places in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany, due to a longstanding trade deal. Continuing in 1470, Jacqueline commisions six cogs to sail around western Mediterranean coasts. The planned market center in Landshut continues to attract regional traders. In religious news, the country begins converting to the Western Netherlander church. By the end of this year, around 75% of the country adheres to the Western Church. Most adherents live around Munchen and Landshut. In other news, Bavaria continues implementing the Alliance and Merchant Act as well as the Militia and Navy Act. Jacqueline continues efforts to implement Sedevacantist policies in the government, being much more religious than her father. The Grand Duchess continues to make new titles for her nobles and grants them more privileges. Jaqueline continues to divide Bavaria into provinces and counties; As the year moves on, Jacqueline places several loyal tax collectors and exchequers in each county to simplify the taxing process. She also places several court favorites in mayor positions in Munich, Regensburg, Straubing, and Bamberg. In other news, economic turbulence sets in as merchants cease their trade, both in protest of Jacqueline's rule and the lack of a solid trading center in Landshut, to which most of the merchant class has grown accustomed to using. Tax collectors in cities are able to collect taxes efficiently, so the lower classes are not as unrestful as the merchants. However, in seeing the gratuitous gifts and privileges the nobles are having bestowed upon themselves, the lower classes begin to squirm under Grand Duchess Jacqueline. Even some nobles, those envious of Albrecht von Ingolmaacht and his power, move against her. Ingolmaacht himself continues to draw scandal and intrigue at Trausnitz, where he begins to fear for his safety and standing. On April 2, Eleanor declares her support for the merchants in Bavaria and announces her funding for any revolts against Jacqueline's rule. Eleanor's popularity in Venice grows, where she earns the nickname "Merchant Queen" for her support of middling classes. Two broken down merchants, Magno Cancharello and Valerio Volpe, whose business completely halted by the suspension of the Bavarian Roscol Bank, approach Eleanor and pledge allegiance to her. Eleanor accepts their allegiances on May 12, and two days later orders them to each levy at least 6,000 forces. Later that month, she sends several letters to Bavarian merchants and lords to levy their forces when the time arises and Eleanor re-enters Bavaria. The year ends with rising instability in both the government and economy, where plots begin to rises against Jacqueline and unemployment soars to 12%.
 * Munchen: By 1470, the total class of Queen Isabell University amounts to about 3300 men. Troops authorized by Jacqueline continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. In recent news, unemployment begins to crawl upward after the suspension of the Roscol Bank in Landshut.
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Jacqueline continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Jacqueline continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. The statue dedicated to Eleanor is torn down by supporters of Jacqueline.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Jacqueline continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Jacqueline continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Jacqueline continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Jacqueline continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Wurzburg: Troops authorized by Jacqueline continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Once more unrest builds as Jacqueline is duchess again. The suspension of the Roscol Bank further fans rebellious flames.
 * Milan: Work continues on the Certosa di Pavia, the Castle Visconteo, and on the extensive Milan Cathedral. We continue training a proper standing army, utilizing Swiss mercenaries and local recruits. With border disputes now settled between the nations of Austria and Switzerland, we continue opening friendly relations with both nations in hopes of repairing our diplomatic relations and protecting our northern border. We continue constructing cogs and galleys to strengthen our navy and protect our interests on the seas. We upgrade infrastructure, as do our vassals.
 * Hungary and all its vassals and puppet states expand militarily and economically. Poland expands its armed forces, too, increasing the strength of its troops by focusing on the training of more knights to fight for the nation. Sigismund continues to handle the affairs of his realm well. His children grow up happily. The ports begin to see a lot more shipping traffic and the crown earns a lot of money due to the Venetian agreeing with the trading deal. This helps bring in huge amounts of money for the crown - which is temporarily stored up with plans to use it later. The expedition to Banu Sulaym manages to salvage a few coastal towns and cities and bring them under Hungarian control. However, over 35,000 Serbian foot soldiers were killed due to the war. Hungary loses a more moderate 1000 soldiers and knights - mainly due to heatstroke as well as due to the defense of the coastal cities from Banu Sulaym. As a result, word is sent to King Sigismund for more foot soldiers to help defend the enclave. Almost immediately, he sends 20,000 more Serb foot soldiers to the cause and the navy quickly transports these men to help defend the enclave and perhaps go on a future offensive. The joint Hungarian-Venetian dockyards have finally been upgraded or completed and they now begin to build the first Hungarian Carroks.
 * Novgorod: We continue the production of Koch boats, cannons, hand cannons, advanced crossbows, swords, and composite bows, increasing our military capabilities in case of war. The nation’s training and advancement of military continues. We are producing our new crossbow, and we send the first 50 crossbows to Mecklenburg to test out and the other 250 to test in our nation. We expand north 5528 sq km (by 80 pixels) into undiscovered land, by sending explorers on koch boats to explore the land in the Kola peninsula. The recent classes of Koch ships are being manufactured in Novgorod. The town of St Patriksburg’s population grows a bit more that last year. As the construction of the town improves, the Kremlin finishes, trade becoming more in demand, the town gains slightly. Because of the trade road built with Tver our economy increases. We are still talking about the possible unification of the Rus’ with Muscovy. The Russian language is spreading throughout the nation. After seeing a great success with the private schools in the cities of Novgorod, St Patriksburg, Staraya Russa, and Nizhny Novgorod. We start building another private school in Rostov and Yaroslavl. We complete building private schools in Torzhok and a private school in Staraya Ladoga. In the year 1445, we will annex Rostov and Yaroslavl into Novgorod. We vassalized Tver, and we are looking to annex Rostov, Tver, and Yaroslavl in the far future. We upgrade our infrastructure. We accept the offer from Pskov to sell a section of our land. (Razor asked me to post this.)
 * Tver: We complete the construction of the private school in Tver and we start the new one. We upgrade our economy because of the trade established between Yaroslavl, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We upgrade our infrastructure.
 * Yaroslavl: We complete the construction of the private school in Yaroslavl and we start the new one. We upgrade our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. (Razor asked me to post this for him).
 * Rostov: We completed the construction of the private school in Rostov and start the new one. We upgrade our economy because of the trade established between Tver,Yaroslavl, Muscovy
 * Trier: We upgrade our military and economy. The states around us are influenced. Trade routes are established, opening trade among Hesse, Cologne and Austria and her vassals. We dedicate this turn to infrastructure expansion, building several defenses, and roads to link towns across the nation. Fortifications around our capital are improved and updated.
 * Pskov: Uses its influence of Muscovy via debt to have it influence the Ukrainian states to the goal of vassalizing them. Hearing of a disease in India, all expeditions headed to Arabia are temporarily put on hold, and based on the relative little amount of trade with that region, nothing much really happens to the economy, The Pskov treasury bank continues to invest in places, give Muscovy more loans, and other things ... like help build the university, which is starting to get some international students. Pskov continues to do more books and more ships are built, upgrading the navy and therefore the military.

1471
'''Baoulé tribesmen acquire Oyo and Mali agricultural techniques. The population begins to boom, and soon a single tribe rises foremost amongst them.'''

'''I know exactly where this is going. But why do I even bother? ~Viva'''

'''Tis logical Viva. :P ~Imp'''

'''A meeting occurs in the Hyrcanian Kingdom between most of the Zoroastrians of the realm. They approve proselytism and preaching, and the Zoroastrian faith in Hyrcania and Persia spreads very rapidly.'''

Both halves of Moundville begin to show signs of weariness against Cahokia and some disgruntled tribesman attack various Cahokia parties.

'''In the lands of the Tharawal, an unfit eel-farmer, tired of having to walk to the riverbank to collect his tuber roots, replants them near his hut (as opposed to replanting them where they naturally grow, as is the norm). His friends and neighbours are impressed with his clever idea. The tribal elders are all shocked by the news, partly because the concept is so unnatural and bizarre, but also partly because they are genuinely surprised that they never thought of it themselves.'''

'''The disease spreads like wildfire through infected areas with swaths of territory from West to East Europe, into West Africa and as far as India, China and Asia have had this infection. It debilitates many and in the more densely populated countries infects many more people. Notably infected countries are France, China, some of the urban parts of Oyo, the entirety of the Indian league, and urban areas of Austria, and Hungary and even somewhat into Prussia with more moderate infections in the less densely populated areas and countries.'''


 * Hamburg-Mecklenburg: The City of Hamburg's defensive walls, meant to hold up against a Norse siege, now serve a different purpose. Duke Friedrich, determined to stop the spread of the disease, closes the Port of Hamburg, and allows no ship of any national origin to enter or leave. Food and water are collected and stored. Cases of sick remain away from the capital, but in the warmer, southern cities like Brunswick and Hanover, the numbers begin to mount. In the Duchy of Hamburg, the five major cities (Hamburg, Lüneburg, Brunswick, Hanover, and Lauenburg) institute a policy of not allowing the sick, foreigners, and Jews (especially Jews) into the cities. Any person that becomes sick is to be evicted from the city in the name of public safety. Similar measures are put in place in the Duchy of Mecklenburg. The army and navy are mobilized. The navy blockades the ports, not allowing ships to leave, in the case they might be sneaking away with supplies. Soldiers are stationed at the city limits, enforcing the prohibiting of refugees. Magdeburg and Ruppin establish similar practices.
 * Guaymi: Emperor Tiarokwete discovers that his informant on population size and army size has grossly misjudged the numbers, the Emperor has publically executed him for gross negligence. This violent act does not bode well with most civilians, but seeing the importance of the error they move on and begin to love their ruler once more. The army raised of roughly 750 infantry soldiers and 250 bow men from both Guaymi and Ngobe-Bugle is now the correct figures. The central city, now holds a population of 4500 Guaymians with the total state population including the province, up to 15,000 citizens. A celebration is held for the new informant, and the nation moves on. After the fiasco, the country looks toward mining after a local fisherman discovered a small gold nugget in a river outside of Mununi. The Emperor, impressed at the discovery now shifts labor forces from building roads to mining for gold. Those still left in the work force continue increasing the economy in the fishing and lumber industry. Toward the turn of the year a town has sent a proposal to the Emperor to recognize their town with a population of 1000 and rapidly growing, to become the nation second state. The Emperor agrees and dubs the nations second city Siatum.
 * Ngobe-Bugle:  Another discovery was found in the nation as a local, working to clear trees for buildings and roads, finds a small multicolored frog on the tree before he and his partner attempt to cut it down. The first logger stabs the frog in the head and eats it raw and dies a few minutes later. Deducing that the frog was poisonous, the second logger reports to Chief Mushuni. The logger proposes to utilize the poison of the animal to lace the heads of the arrows to kill enemies with initially nonfatal shots. The Chief, so amazed at the discovery makes a personal trip to the Emperor to deliver the news and the logger is given a raise and a new home. With the new poison tip arrows, the Ngobians begin to hunt for the frogs to help enhance the army. Roads reaching Guaymi have been established allowing for easier transportation for the nation-state.
 * Hesse: Controlling one of the most densely populated areas of Europe, the Grand Duke orders all trade to stop. Walls around cities are being shut to foreigners, all healthy are being moved into the cities where it is determined safe. Guards are placed around cities to maintain control of the populace. Both of our port cities close. Food and water are stocked for the cities. The country side and warmer areas become infected quickly, leading to many deaths. Bodies are buried in mass graves in small remote areas. Everything begins to be rinsed down with water for fear of the disease spreading. Medicinemen from around the country profit selling fake remedies and potions for cures or vaccines. The same goes for official doctors. Koln and Westfalen are forced to enact these same movements. The Royal Family, spread around the country, take immediate shelter in the major cities or castles or forts.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire continues to shift its trade to the west, although this slows down due to the opening/restoration of the canal in Egypt. Engineers and soldiers continue to help with the project there. Weapons and books continue to be sent to the Tartar Empire to help the Emperor Theodore defeat his opponents. With the weapons available to the Empire largely reaching a standstill, the Emperor turns his attention toward bettering the health and wealth of his people. To this end, he encourages the continued research into medical care and the expansion and construction of hospitals. Education is also seriously considered once again now that the times of war have passed the Empire by. To help do this, the University of Constantinople considers sending some of its scholars to other parts of the Empire to educate citizens that can not make the journey to Constantinople. A prominent Latin from Patras, Carlo de Patra, begins his education at the University. He soon begins to amaze his professors with this imaginative and complicated designs and theories related to science and the physical world. (I will elaborate when I return)
 * Albania: With the revolts in Italian Albania in full swing, the kingdom is not sure how to react. Many of the citizens want the war to happen, and some even move back to help the resistance. The government is much more neutral, concerned if the Roman Empire will back such military action and the thought of waging war on a nation that helped Albania gain independence. The national military is expanded and trained further as a result.
 * Alexandria and Aiguptia Dip: We wish to have you sign the Compact of Philadelphi and discuss our nations' terms for it. We thank you once again for the assistance with the canal and for providing soldiers as it nears its completion.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The disease continues killing many. The king attempts to avoid such an event but it fails only spreading it harder in regions of Basel, Lorraine and Burgundy - as well as in Sardinia where it kills hundreds without seeming any cause. The death toll reaches a half million since the start and many corpses accumulate throughout the domains, impelling the need for a better way to avoid the kingdom and bringing many to doubt the king's might on the French monarchic lands. This is even more acute in regions like Sardinia far from the central government. The vassalage of Aargau continues as well as the vassalage of Foix. France initiates its second invasion of Tunisia, when the king decides that it's the best moment to invade (expecting the infection kill enough in Tunisia or to have less resistance). Soon they swarm to the nation of North Africa after jumping into Tunisia from Sardinia. 200,000 men leave the island with several siege units in order to not to fail as the previous king had. The campaign in North Africa is well recognized as the hardest of all wars France may cross as it was its predecesor. The capture of a few cities along the coast begins with thousands of Frenchmen launching themselves into melee combat and close combat in the small cities of the Tunisian coast. Several fleetships coming from Sardinia and Southern France soon swarm the coastline expecting to destroy the Tunisian fleetships when they show up.
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up. Economy expands. French troops begin withdrawing to allow Albion takeover. The infection rages on killing many in the region. Sends military aid to France.
 * Albret: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region. Sends military aid to France.
 * Nemour: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region. Sends military aid to France.
 * Guyenne: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region. Sends military aid to France.
 * Berry: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region. Sends military aid to France.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region. Sends military aid to France.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region. Sends military aid to France.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Armagnac: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region. Sends military aid to France
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Sardinia: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region. Some begin to question the king of France's choices and begin wondering about establishing their own state. Sends military aid to France.
 * Basel: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * County of Oldenburg: Two OHG ships manned by Oldenburger and Hessian men depart the Jade Bay in Spring and sail South to the Ivory Coast. Once there, they rendezvous with the missionary priests they left there the two years ago. The priests have managed to convert a handful of native PMIII_Flag_of_Oldenburg.png Ivory Coasters, and with their help the crews of the two ships set about building a trading outpost. The outpost is a small wooden fort wi th stone  buildings inside. Twenty-five soldiers and one governor each from Oldenburg and Hesse, as well as the priests, become the fort's permanent population. Merchants from both countries (and obviously African traders) can also be seasonally accommodated. In Oldenburg, two main things happen. First, Count Christian VI unveils his new flag design for Oldenburg. The new design incorporates the red and yellow of the previous flag into the red-on-blue St George's Cross, which is another traditional Oldenburger flag. The new design is easily recognisable and very different from the Aragonese and English flags, which the two predecessor flags resemble. The merchants and naval men are all quite impressed with the flag, and it is immediately flown on all naval, OHG and Oldenburg-registered ships, as well as by army units. The Constable General is annoyed with the design, as it means re-designing the uniform tunic. Instead of having his soldiers look like court-jesters with quartered tunics, he instead keeps the yellow tunic and gets all of them to sew a small likeness of the flag onto their tunics (where a modern-day breast pocket is). The second major thing which happens is that the Bank of Hesse gets a strong boost in patronage, with people more willing to put their money into Hessian hands with Hesse taking part in the joint trading post. (Economic turn, by the way). In unrelated news, the count is secretly pleased that his Hessian friends have decided not to undertake the land swap, as he was not looking forward to losing any of his coastline.


 * Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: Bishop Klemens launches the Episcopal Bank of Osnabruck, with one small branch opening in Osnabruck town. Serfs and Freemen who have earnt not-insignificant amounts of money thanks to the nationalisation of manorial lands deposit their money in the bank. Freemen who wish to enlarge their tenancy are encouraged to take a loan out of the bank to cover initial expenses. However, as the bank is run by clergymen (who are bound by canon law) it cannot engage in usury, so no interest can be charged on the loan (as in modern Islamic banking). Instead, the bank is given a fixed share in the profit the debtor gains from the loan. Bishop Klemens and his council of priests agrees that this method does get around usury and is therefore not against canon law. Indeed, some predict that the new method will bring in many investors from other lands. (This was an economic turn).
 * Portugal: Continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Leiname. By this time, the colony in Leiname starts to export wheat to Portugal. Meanwhile, some Portuguese explorers continue to explore the African coast. The Açores continue to be settled. Meanwhile, João III dies from what apparently is plague. Having no issue, the throne passes to Urraca de Avis, granddaughter of Duarte I. Urraca is then crowned Queen of Portugal and Algarves as Urraca I, and her husband Garcia Manrique de Lara also becomes king, as Garcia I.
 * Venetian Republic:
 *  Books on various topics spread from Venice throughout Europe, continuing the Renaissance. Printed in the Venetian language, they teach of the sciences and humanities and revive learning, spreading knowledge (as well as the language) far and wide. .
 *  With the increased supply of Ducats, the fluidity of European trade increases with Ducat using nations benefiting most. 
 *  Many people sentenced to death are drowned in the canals as is the Venetian tradition. The tradition is becoming the primary way to execute criminals and is spreading to the Venetian territories across Europe. 
 *  Fine wool and silk clothing from Titani is exported across the Mediterranean and Black Sea and begins to set the trend in Renaissance clothing. 
 *  Venetian trade reaches across the known world. Merchant ships carry salt, silks, glass and a collection of other goods, both common and rare. Venetian traders are the largest carriers of trade in Europe, with the thousands of ships and a trading tradition continuing to fuel this. 
 *  The Roscol Bank uses local subsidiaries all across Europe to fund trade, with a leaning toward funding trade with Venice. They also fund enterprises across the continent, boosting the economies of the nations which they inhabit. The Roscol Bank invests conservatively. While this doesn't bring in as much wealth as other nations' banking, such as the Dutch, it results in a much more robust level of equity. 
 *  Due to the stability of business and protection afforded to private enterprise in Venice, many merchants set up shop in the city despite being foreign, utilising the Venetian law to protect their businesses. Criminals and a less divided merchant class mean prosperity for all those involved with Venetian business in some way. 
 * In Veneto Christofo sends letters across Europe to see if there are any eligible grooms and brides for the various Roscol children (GET YOUR ROYAL MARRIAGE HERE!) before they reach the age of 20: Medardo (first son of the Doge and heir to the Republic) who is 19; Lucia (first daughter of the Doge and well schooled in matters of state) who is 15; Dragano (second son of the Doge and shaping up to be a capable warrior) who is 12; Coletta (second daughter of the Doge and a pretty young girl) who is nine; Christofo (first son of the Doge's younger brother and an ambitious boy already) who is 11; and last but not least Giovanni (second son of the Doge's younger brother and a timid but clever boy) who is eight. Venessian Stanpar invests in supporting writers and thinkers as well as just publishing, hoping to gain from any developments. Masaro comes off better in the battle for land in Veneto although fails slightly when it comes to territories across the empire. Cultural influence of the Republic and Empire continues. The Consegio de Fe declares a Venetian Church, to override the lesser sects of the nation. They state that ever since the reform of the church, the people have been left without true guidance in the matters of faith and as such, the Venetian Church will act as a method to supplement that issue. The Tola de Savio Omni declares that Venice will seek to right the wrongs of the past and sets out propaganda against its historical enemy of Milan. The Order of Saint Mark numbers 57,000 now and numbers are declining steeply. The beliefs of the true faith are popular amongst commoners - especially those who feel the church does not practice the faith properly. Alexandria is the destination of massive amounts of pilgrimage from True Faith believers who also attempt to convert locals as well as settle down. (reaction to mod events) News of the disease reaches the capital just as plague bearers start to appear in numbers. A state of emergency is declared by the Doge and various quarantine procedures are enacted. Knowing that Venice's trade and density make it a pot waiting to blow, the government enacts a curfew in all towns and cities, punishable by death. They also enact a law requiring vessels to stop short of ports and be inspected before being allowed to dock, additionally people have to receive special dispensation to leave the docking areas. Plague bearers in towns and cities are taken to hospitals outside of the settlements and "treated", those who survive are not allowed to return for a week out of fear of the plague spreading. To crown it all, a Tola de Salute (board of health) is established to monitor the situation and take action to control the damage to Venetian society and the Empire. (reaction to Bavaria for Cookie) recruitment for Eleanor's cause works well, as many lower classes, wishing to find fortune or hearing of the "Merchant Queen" who protects the weak rally to her cause. The Roscol Sigilar Collegantia raises a force of 1000 men, and begins training them to assist Eleanor in her conquest. The other Sigilar Collegantia all declare support for her too, they gather forces themselves. Masaro gathers the most, with 800 men in training while the others collectively manage 1000 between them all. However, the main benefit of the Sigilar Collegantia is the huge funding they give to Eleanor. Upstart Venetian nobles and entrepreneurial Ventian merchants gather around Eleanor, unified in their support for her cause and all pledging to serve her, largely out of love for the "Merchant Queen" but also in hope of finding a better life in a New Bavaria than staying and competing with the Sigilar Collegantia that are coming to dominate Venice.
 * Oldenburger Diplomacy [matchmaking]: Princess Ida, the 18 year-old (and, errrm, recently discovered?) sister of Count Christian VI is offered in marriage to Medardo or Dragano.
 * Hessian Diplomacy [matchmaking]: With our vast pool of children, we offer Wilhelm I, heir to the throne, 11 years, to Lucia, or Coletta. We also offer Eva, first daughter, a brilliant singer and capable artist, of 11 years, to Dragano,  Christofo, or Giovanni. We also have two other boys, Adolf I, second son to Ludwig II, a bookworm, and lastly Friedrich I, son of Ludwig II's younger brother, who is a talented in sporting events. Adolf I is the age of 9, and Friedrich I is 11.
 * In the Free Port of Porto Tolle Superpotensa Oliverio cements his grip on Porto Tolle and fervently hunts down any who even have slight suggestions of being involved in the True Faith or Order of Saint Mark. However he is slightly impeded when the Consegio de Fe and Consegio de Diexe declare that the responsibility of dealing with heretical and rebel elements is theirs not the Superpotensa's.
 * In the Province of Istra Conte Vitaliano, aged nine, is kept inside most of the time and is taught and counselled on matters of state by the Doge's loyalists in the Istran administration. They advise the Doge that the boy may harbour resentment although they will do their best to curb any undesirable actions he should take.
 * In the Free Port of Scutari Romaso continues to rule with his heavy handed fist. When agents of the Consegio de Fe and Consegio de Diexe arrive and begin rooting out some of his supporters, Romaso becomes concerned.
 * In the Province of Albania the battle of Salushe occurs, the Venetian-Albanian forces storm the walls at night and manage to take the weakened defenders by surprise with how swiftly they are over the walls. The commander of the Venetian-Albanian forces ensures that the rebels have a line of retreat, directly into Italian Albania. The 700 survivors retreat and flee in that direction while the rest are put to the sword or drowned. The leader of the rebellion, a local elder from a village near Kavaja, manages to flee but vows to spread his beliefs. The rebellion is over and Conte Tuscus feels he can finally relax.
 * In the Province of Zante the fishing industry proves to pick up massively, the extra infrastructure is a great boost to the ability of locals to carry out all manner of seagoing industry. Tax revenues from trading increase and the Doge is pleased that one of Venice's newest Provinces is doing so well.
 * In the Free Port of Argos the Great Alm proves to be working, with many Argive people speaking Venetian although many of the Venetian officials refer to it as Vulgar Venetian or Argive Venetian due to its differences and merging of Greek words with Venetian.
 * In the Province of Attica the Potensa of Marathon is made the Conte of Attica, many of the lesser officials of Attica show support although some of the True Faith Potensas are angry and eager to see him fail. Conte Gian [de Marathon] takes the first few months of his rulership by the reigns instituting a law which makes personal retaining of armed men or uniformed men a fine-able crime. The action serves to bring wealth to the coffers of Attica and serves to lower the ability of the greater officials to oppose him, it also decreases the level of faction.
 * In the Province of Mytilene officials from Venice arrive to perform overviews of the Province's running. They report that the Province runs well although highlight to the Doge the heavy reliance on the capital officials to make things run as the Conte does literally nothing.
 * In the Province of Candelore Tiberius dies and subsequently shortly after so does his secretive veil over the Province. Officials of the Doge manage to reveal that the Province has been functioning well, although also report that people have been moved across the Province forcefully by armed guards of the Conte. They also, carrying on from this point, state that the Conte had eliminated all local guard systems and centralised it into a Candelorian Guard. The Doge is intrigued and gives the signal to continue monitoring now that Tiberius's son Karas is ruling.
 * In the Province of Morocco Patroni de el Portadura buys three more outposts and sets up another further inland of the coastal outposts, trade all across the western African coastline picks up as Venetian vessels sail the waters.
 * Mil-turn
 * Epirote Republic:
 * In Epirus the council finishes their deliberations and begins to educate lower officials in the manner in which they must spread the ideals. Many ideals, such as the military tradition of Epirus, are already ingrained in the culture but others will take time. Pascua Montagna begins to expand their industry, increasing the importance of mining to the Epirote economy.
 * In the Free Ports of Epirus Tre Cita continues to develop their shipbuilding capacity while the guard numbers of the Epirote Free Ports grows.
 * In the Province of Valona the Conte is glad for the end of fighting however decides to keep the early warning system. He writes a letter to the Doge highlighting the use of having a series of small outposts on the border of Venetian territories.
 * In the Province of Arta the Conte continues to manage the exposure of Ioanninan propaganda but allows that which he believes is already part of the Greeks culture in the Province. He hopes this will make the slow transition to full exposure manageable.
 * Eco-turn
 * Venetian Empire:
 * In the Province of Aegina the fishing industry picks this year up as well as the other agricultural businesses on the island. Increased manpower has meant increased production. Eco-turn
 * In the Free Port of Athens the True Faithers are largely eliminated from the Athenian Free Port area and the churches are now all under state control. Merchants have returned to Athens fully now and the Free Port is recovering from the issues of years past very quickly. Eco-turn
 * In the Province of Candia the economy of Candia grows greatly with plantation crops (especially the rare sugar plant) boosting the worth of the Province's trade. Eco-turn
 * In the Corfiot Protectorate Governor General Alberto focuses on keeping recruitment strong and offers to provide men of the Red Army to merchants who can pay, as temporary guards for their vessels when on trading trips. The aim of this is to keep as many of the guard on active duty rather than guard duty. Mil-turn
 * In the Province of Kaffa Simon the younger dies in the early year from an illness that came over him quickly. His son begins ruling at a young age, this son is also called Simon. Conte Simon III of Kaffa is the common name for him. He sets about trying to maintain the continuity that his father and his grand father sought to create. He invests in the maritime industry, as a neutral and popular first act. Eco-turn
 * In the Naxian Protectorate the new Governor General, Mark Nepos, aims to further trade with Alexandria. He dedicates a few ships of the Naxian fleet to constant trade and continues to seek access to the canal. Eco-turn
 * In the Province of Negroponte Conte Gian faces an issue with some miners who had some personal issue with their overseers, after they were put down brutally by the overseers many are discontent. To deal with the issue he sets about building up the City Guard of Negropont. Mil-turn
 * In the Free Port of Ragusa the public concerns continue to be raised, in response the Black Government begins to investigate the Sigilar Collegantia. Meanwhile Negrocita continues to boost the economy. Eco-turn 
 * The Koryak Confederacy, devastated by the plague, collapses. Its military is unable to hold off raiding tribes, who seize most of the nation only to caught by the plague themselves. The capital is burnt to the ground, while most of the navy flees to Alyeska with some of the nations valulables. In Alyeska, the fleet is quarantined until the plague has run its course, Meanwhile, a half-Sug'piaq fur trader seizes control of the nation. He argues that to return to the omeland is to risk devastation by the plague, and that the surviving Koryaks should focus on westward (eastward?) expansion into the newly-discovered continent. Accordingly, his men establish an outpost on the northernmost of the OTL Queen Charlotte Islands, where they deepen trade ties with the Haida. The fur trader is, by acclamation, declared Khagan of the new Alyeskan Khaganate.
 * Safavid Persian Empire: We continue our efforts to quarantine the sick. THe random rise of Zoroastrianism worries many Muslims in the area. The shah gives them free rights but passes a bill banning "Non-Islamic Missionaries". We also continue to influence Kurdistan. We try to improve our relations with our former enemies, the Mesopotamians, Yemeni and Ottomans, going as far as offering an alliance to preserve overall islam from the threats of Christianity and Zoroastrianisim. We work on economy this turn.
 * Mayan Empire: A huge amount of weaponry is manufactured, and we begin farming in some places. The Cult of the Emperor becomes the dominant religion, and many temples are made to the Emperor. Priests begin making sacrifices to the Emperor, the Lord of the Sun, who made the world, and lives in each new Emperor. Slavery becomes very popular once more, and many places establish slave trading posts.
 * Netherlands: The infections hit the lowlands though not as hard as in France. It greatly hurts the more densely populated areas in the south of the country. Efforts to relieve the disease are made through quarantining infected populations and burning the bodies of the dead. The Catholic population is reduced to an extent as it is those areas which are hit hardest being concentrated in the south of the country. The economic and political power of the north of the country grews. A new trend of art of literature grows out of the epidemic in a darker tone then before. To prevent further spreading of the disease the border to the HRE is temporarily closed off. Trading is also temporarily ended which hits the economy, but deaths are still moderate in comparison to the general birth rates. Amongst the deaths caused by the plague is the wife of Maurice I who was five months pregnant. Shocked at the death of his wife, Maurice falls into a state of grief and begins doing all he can to alleviate areas affected. However, he takes a second bride due to pressure from the court to sire an heir.
 * Eire (Member State of the United Kingdoms of Greater Albion):We rejoice when Thomond and later other Irish states lay down arms and join us and 55 years after King Thomas' fateful dream, Eire becomes fully united, save the city of Dublin, which remains independent and remaining so for the forseeable future. Celebrations occur in towns across Eire, and the King and his entourage tours Eire, with the help of the new road system. We begin expanding roads to newly-acquired regions in Eire, hoping to connect all major towns, and spread new Irish ideals such as Occidentalism (Western Catholicism) and pro-Albionism. Stabilization after years of expansion continues, with many soldiers in the military for years during Eire's fighting begin to settle down, and the navy continues to be built up. Cork and Ballydrogheda undergo a renaissance, as the unification of Ireland allows for the ability to export products from all across the Isle. As such, trade increases. The King begins to modernize the military forces, with the eventual forces consisting of a main line of pikemen, Gaelic skirmishers on the flanks, crossbowmen behind the skirmishers, and the cavalry behind all. Wool begins to become a more popular farm product, with a few people living in the towns beginning to manufacture cloth in small quantities. Leinster is fully integrated into Eire. Pan-Albionic ideals build up. Following the spread of the "Ethiopian Plague", we cut off trade to affected nations in an effort to keep the disease out of Eire. We also quarantine the city of Ballydrogheda. We advise Albion to do the same. (Inf-turn) 
 * Rumania: Radu, now 37, prepares for the worst, as the plague is terrible this year, hundreds of thousands die across the nation. The economy stagnates as the plague causes merchants to avoid travel and peasants to fall ill and be unable to work. Despite the sickness the printing press continues to spread across Rumania. Mircea II, now 16, falls ill. However, after several days he recovers though severely weakened. Coal mining grows slightly even with the plague.
 * The Consulate of Bulgaria: The new plague damages the economy this year, as hundreds of merchants and city dwellers are killed. Nobles flee the cities and escape to the less populated areas. The printing press spreads south into Bulgaria just as in Rumania.
 * Cuzco: War with the Aymaras continues. The Sapa Inca dies on the battlefield, and his 23 year old son takes the throne as both the King of Cuzco and the Sapa Inca. The population boom continues, with the city reaching a population of 80,000. The new king of Cuzco begins a process similar to a modern day census to better organize the people of Cuzco.
 * Castile: The Castilian economy has massively swelled with thanks to the creation of the Spanish confederation and the addition of Aragon's trade and military fleet at Castile's disposal. Along with this, the population of Castile has reached about 6.9 million with growth somewhat slowing down with Castilians migrating to Aragon en masse to fill up positions and prevent some ethnic revolution from developing. Many of these settlers, though, are men offered a policing or security job in the country and many of these men begin to interbreed and help the cultural assimilation of Aragon. Castile, as leader of the Spanish confederation, begins a series of economic and military reforms on all the kingdoms in order to expand all the local economies and militaries and centralize the confederation's economies in general. Castile at this point has explored farther down Africa establishing multiple trade posts along the way and reaching a point where the sea rounds the continent. However, the failure of supplies has led to this exploration fleet having to turn back. Castile has begun the development of a series of new ships meant to replace some of the aging designs and add some new innovations. The Castilian navy begins to replace multiple ships with the new carracks as some of the largest ships in the Castile fleet. The Castilian renaissance with the addition of Aragon's renaissance techniques has exploded significantly and with permission from the monarchy embroiled with organizing the Spanish confederacy and multiple projects the Renaissance has led to a mass amount of art and technological innovation being developed. Castile and its confederacy and vassals has now fully converted to the Western Church with the only exception being Cyprus due to its Orthodox roots and Orthodox leadership which prevents a total conversion. Castile continues to vassalize the Kongo (Six of Eight) using the trade, fleet basing and a promise to help them Christianize their brothers and seize more territory as a pretense for this. The Castilians begins to suffer issues within heavy trade cities of Gibraltar, and Seville as this disease begins killing many people. The Regent of the king and the king himself as well as the council agree to seal the king in the royal palace for the time being to prevent this disease from killing him. The Castilian royal army now numbering about 60,000 is mobilized and tries to contain the disease which has killed nearly 100,000 using information gleamed from the romans spread of medical and quarantine knowledge this is somewhat successful but for the most part the disease remains hard to quarantine and is relatively hard to predict or track. Castile rounds the Cape of Good Hope and sets up a relatively small trading post. A relatively ambitious ship captain outpaces his peers and maps out two more ports along Africa's newly discovered east coast but gets stuck in the farthest north one after a storm pushes him there marking first contact with the Malagasy people of Nadagascar
 * Kingdom of Aragon: The country itself is placed in a personal union under Castile with Ferdinand of Castile ruling over both Castile and Aragon. The relatively good treatment of Aragon by Castile and the fallacy of actions of the previous king in burning various areas and completely razing Aragon's capital city have forever earned the enmity and hate of most of the Aragonian people, many of which believed they could continue their lives under Castile in a better fashion, with greater access to Castile's vast diplomatic, trade and military power. This, along with common religion and semi-related language, has led to a nearly seamless transition into the personal union. Nobles have been appointed by Prince Carlos of Castile personally who has personally overseen the majority of the war in Aragon which with his expertise, charisma and swaying abilities has led to many supporting his decisions on either side. Carlos himself is appointed the transitional governor of Aragon in order to facilitate a much smoother transition. The Kingdom's navy previously seized is returned to people sympathetic to Castilians and the military navy in particular is given to a series of respected and well known Aragonians loyal to Castile. Aragon's assimilation into Castile cultural base begins due to many nobles now speaking Spanish (Castilian) which shows a notable effect of a few people especially merchants which are currently able to speak the language proficiently. Aragonians spurred on by Prince Carlos to rebuild Zaragoza begin the work needed to rebuild the city and the various burned towns surrounding the city. For the time being, however, the capital of Aragon proper is migrated to Valencia. With Castilian assistance various infrastructural areas are rebuilt and the military is expanded to a token force of 4000. Along with this support the Aragonian economy recovers slowly with a slow but controlled influx of Castilian economic aid helping Aragon recover. The Aragonian Navy is allowed by Castile to move toward settlements in the Canaries down into Capo Verde, and according to Castilian trade agreements docks in Oyo for trade nearly doubling their previous range. This is pushed down further pushing underneath Oyo farther down the coast using Castilian trade posts to explore. Aragon suffers isease casualties in Barcelona and a few in Valencia, efforts are made to lessen the deaths.
 * Kingdom of Granada: The economy, while moderate, is expanded. The Prince of Granada is a Castilian noble named Juan Cortez who is extremely biased against Muslims due to his father's death in the original war against Morocco over Gibraltar. The countries armed forces also begin to fight the remaining Muslims in the mountains and begin the force conversion of the remaining Muslims in Granada. The military is worked on just in case. The Granadan kingdom begins to build up a moderate navy with the expressed example of reaching 50 ships over the next few years. The Granadan prince begins to look at the integration of Granada as a possibility due to the majority of the population being Western Catholic and Castilian. This is to be done over a long term period. Granada suffers disease casualties regardless of preventative measures in Almeria and the city of Granada.
 * Kingdom of Cyprus: The King of Cyprus is now King Alexander of Cyprus. The King of Cyprus begins to see Castilian culture not as a dominant force but a possible blendable culture that can fit well within Cypriot society. The economy and military of the country is built up as is the infrastructure with a nice road system being built throughout the country. Cyprus gaining large funds from being a Castilian trade hub, begins building a few ships domestically, and purchases ships from Castile, or her allies shipwrights forming a respectable Cypriot navy of almost 90 ships with expected expansion to come. This expansion has been achieved specifically thanks to huge amounts of outsourcing to private shipwrights. Cyprus begins to see an exodus of the Knights Hospitaller west to Castile and her territories and King Matthias begins a larger recruitment for the military managing to raise a force of nearly 10,000. This force is largely funded through the large trade Cyprus has gathered. The troops are styled after Castile's royal army and Cyprus embarks on an intense training program in order to bring them up to standards. The Knights, with many departing also have many older and other knights stay due to their close ties with Cyprus. They remain to run the Knights Hospitaller in Cyprus for the foreseeable future while a large number have migrated across the sea. The Kingdom of Cyprus due to the recent issues in Castile reluctantly recognizes Carlos and his Regency for Prince Ferdinand . Cyprus itself with its fleet of nearly 100 ships begins to take after the Venetian example with trade and begins to put Cypriot merchant ships into state possession for trade in order to help with the kingdom's finances and heavy trade. This show immediate results as a relative increase in funding and attention to trade between Castile and her allies begins to improve the quality of trade. Cyprus shows many casualties from the disease due to its trade hub situation.
 * Kingdom of Morocco: The less fortunate and disenfranchised are converted. The Kingdom itself is a Christian kingdom with a similar situation of early Castile and Aragon, with large numbers of Muslims and a small number of Christians. However, the Christian community in Morocco is expanded thanks to the influx of traders and settlers from Castile and some other immigrants looking for an opportunity to live a new life here. The Kingdom establishes its capital in Casablanca and with this, begins a major point of establishing a major military presence in the area. The infrastructure, particularly in dealing with transport and water, is expanded to accommodate more people but the only people allowed to settle are Christians - particularly from Hispania. A notable number of Castilians settle the area. The leader of Morocco styled a king, out of respect deducts himself in rank to Prince of Morocco as the throne is only to be held by the King of Castile himself if it's ever required. The country begins the construction of various canals and cultivates trees farther inland to help increase arable farmland. The Moroccan economy continue to expand with greater trade coming from Castile and the Canaries all the way down to Capo Verde increasing the relative wealth. The disease hits Morocco but not as hard throughout as in the cities as the country is much less densely populated.
 * Mughal Empire: The Emperor issues the creation of special quarantine areas near the border to ensure that the disease does not spread amongst the Mughal Empire. Although the amount of trade lessens, the infrastructure is being worked on. The young heir apparent, Mirza, reaches the age of 20, and prepares himself for the throne.
 * Southern Chagatai Khanate: The Khan is deemed more and more unfit to rule as his health worsens. The Chagatai Khanate works on its military by importing Mughal weaponry.
 * Chiribaya: We continue to build up our economy and infrastructure.
 * Prussia: The Prussians continue to convert to the Western Church. The Prussians begin to build their army. The Prussians are horrified by the new disease, and many leaders believe that the worst is yet to come.
 * Courland: The Curonians also begin developing their economy and military. The Curonians also begin converting to the Western Church.
 * Ossel-Wiek: Ossel-Wiek also begins developing their economy and military. Ossel-Wiek also begins converting to the Western Church.
 * The Kingdoms of Great Albion (Scotland and England) - member nation of the UKGA: The Navy is expanded further with the integration of the Scottish and Breton fleets. The number now stands at 440 ships total. The coronation ceremony was a joyous fanfare, the King personally thanked the Castilian and Moroccan attendees. Under the leadership of the new king, the parliaments of Wales, Scotland and England ratify the equal representation act. Wales and Scotland will remain in union with England, but will now have their own parliament to better discuss local affairs. All military will be ceded to England. All three nations are renamed Great Albion. The membership of the United Kingdoms of Greater Albion has gone form four nations to just two, The Kingdom of Eire, and the Kingdoms of Great Albion to better consolidating power in the isles. The transition to a more open system is expected to take the better part of the next few decades. Port Edmundburg continues to experience a growth in population. Albionic settlers continue to explore the surrounding areas. The Albionic Royal Navy begins better mapping Africa for the Crown. After decades of cultural merging, a new, Celto-Germanic culture finally begins to take firmer root. The English language has grown in official use and now royal documents, previously in Latin, are now translated into English. Troops that fought in the Pan Hispania Wars return home and facilitate a minor baby boom. These experienced soldiers now train the army and navy commanders in advanced battle tactics. Minister of Warfare, Alfred Reddington, increases the use of firearms in the military. The King returns to Albion this year, Royal duties are discharged back to the King. All trade with plague infected nations are suspended until the crisis is over. All ships passing through the channel are monitored for any signs of infection. No ships except for Albionic military vessels are permitted to dock near large population centres. After years of stability in the currency market as well as the wealth of trade flooding into Albion, The Minister of the Interior declares the Pound to be an "independent currency" and begins the process of unpegging the currency from the Ducat. Plans are put forth to rename the currency to better reflect the whole of Albion.
 * Brittany: Brittany is officially placed under Albionic influence. The military and navy are expanded.
 * Calais: Military and navy are expanded.
 * Dublin: Dublin undergoes another remodel and expansion to the ports due to the massive influx of trade from Castile and Venice as well as an increased Eire trade.
 * Scotland: The new parliament begins its first session this year. Brian MacNeil is appointed as Royal Minister. Scotland begins to exclusively use the Albionic pound. Several new Consuete Churches are built. The Catholic Diocese, banned for years, has been allowed to resettle. The military and navy are expanded. Scotland sees a major population boom after the war.
 * Wales: Wales expands its military and navy. Cardiff becomes a large centre of trade for Wales. The Welsh appoint Adam Cyrdger as Royal Minister. The first sessions of parliament are held. Wales does not see as large a population boom as Albion or Scotland, but a minor one, centered around Cardiff and Swansea, does occur.
 * Zapotec: Tlaco II expands Danibaan's influence in the surrounding city-states by way of the Zapotec Alliance. Roadways connecting cities in the alliance help merchants and soldiers move more freely between them. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. In the coastal regions under Danibaan's influence, more boats are created. Tlaco orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Daibaan continues expanding into the surrounding city-states north along the gulf coast. Trade with the Aztecs commences after years of stagnation under Tlaco I.
 * Mansuriyya Caliphate: To the great relief of the Caliph, Baghdad has not yet been infected with what has been dubbed Allah's Wrath. Many people believe that Allah is displeased at the infighting between Muslim nations. The military continues to be improved.
 * Mapuche:  Using the girl's symbols becomes more widespread; a man discovers a way to write these symbols on small pieces of animal hide and begins to trade his ink and hides, making written Mapuche more convenient for most of the populace. The council of village merchants continues to expand their trading networks, and they decide to establish formal roads between the villages. Using stone brought from the mountains, workers over the next few years, ordered by the village chiefs, will create re-inforced pathways for traders to use. The war band continues its training. There are currently 15,300 Mapuche in the territory.
 * Ottoman Sultanate: The Sultan continues his work to improve infrastructure in the Sultanate with the economy being much improved, and sees the construction of many mosques throughout the land as well as in vassal states. Speaking of vassal states, the Sultan continues his absorption of Erzincan, and now looks south toward Syria. The Sultan is concerned that the Christian nation of Alexandria may take over Judea and the Levant, so he begins sending gifts, money and political and religious figures to Aleppo to begin vassalization of the region. Meanwhile, the Grand Vizier is pleased to see the establishment of an Ottoman port city in Mesopotamia thanks to the Mansuriyya Caliphate. There, he sees the construction of new vessels that will help with trade in the Indian Ocean. He is pleased to see that the Sultanate will be growing its influence. In the summertime, the land sees the deaths of dozens of citizens due to the new disease, and many are executed to ensure the disease does not become widespread. Many religious officials believe it to be God's wrath for not previously trying to stop the spread of the Satanic Islamic cult years ago.
 * Venetian Diplomacy: The Doge sends a letter to the Sultan, hoping to repair relations. As a sign of goodwill he sends gifts to the various officials of the Levant and Judea, encouraging them to join with the Ottoman Sultanate. He hopes this will bring stability back to the trade east as Alexandria is proving to be a difficult route of negotiation.
 * Alexandria: Trade continues to increase as the ports are re-established and more people are converted to Coptic Christianity due to the See of Saint Mark's presence, including those of the True Faith. The final part the Mashriq fleet is repaired for Alexandria's use. Dignitaries and soldiers from Grigorios remain in the Nile Delta region to help Aiguptia and Brother Ibrahim stabilize Aiguptia. Resources and military are sent to to Aiguptia to build and protect  the canal as that process continues and workers are encouraged to go seek out this opportunity - especially minority groups. The Philadelphi Canal opens to light traffic and medium sized ships, but traffic is carefully monitered due to the plague . At many points though the canal is still being widedend so two or three ships can pass. This leads to growth of the economy. Christians in North African nations are invited to immigrate to Alexandria . Missionaries remain in the Nubia region. The land acquired from Yemen by the Red Sea sees a small port town established for sailors and merchants to rest before going into the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean, this down is the primary point of stopping near the Gulf of Aden due to Yemen's ports closing leading to an economic boom. Officials here plan for immigration, and balancing that with living conditions that must be kept up to minimize the plague's deadly effect. Alexandria begins to worry about the plague and takes mild precautionary action and inspects goods and traders. No animals are allowed to be transported through Alexandria or Cairo until further notice. Grigorios and his wife have a second child, a girl named Kristine. In the Province of Judea: they continue to raise up soldiers to protect both Christian, Islamic and Jewish pilgrimages. Taxes are not like those in Alexandria where they favor Christians, but rather equal for all three of these religions. Judea expands 100px into the Sinai Peninsula, strenghting its connection to Aiguptia and Alexandria. Small amounts of conversions take place mainly converting Christians to Coptic Christianity. Econ Turn. 
 * Aiguptia: Continues to stabilize the nation. Engineers, cartographers and philosophers from all trade partners are offered jobs to work on expanding the Philadelphi Canal to take on present day cogs, treasure fleets and other ships. The canal is opened for small ships and light traffic and is expected to fully open in 1474/75, and undergoes final preparations for its initial opening. Workers flow in seeking work and benefits that stream from the jobs, even those from disorganized areas of the former Mashriq Sultanate and the new Sultanate in Egypt. Aiguptia increases efforts to house these immigrant workers. Citizens and people in the surrounding regions and provinces are converted to Coptic Christianity. Missionaries continue to convert people, especially in Cairo. Cairo also attracts many in anticipation of the canal. The city at the crossing point of the canal OTL Zagazig, begins to be filled by merchants and people looking to get involved in the trade industry. Military continues training of European tactics picked up from Rome and other Catholic nations that assisted Alexandria, and more military are recruited fearing violence from the new nation to the south.   Inf turn.
 * Scandinavian Empire: The military is expanded as several galeasen are produced this year, bolstering the navy. Scandinavia expands by 3500 sq km into the lapland. The alliance with Venice is accepted. Scandinavia looks forward to years of prosperity with their new allies. In the meantime, several Karaks explore Greenland.
 * Ashikaga Shogunate: Under the leadership of the Japanese Emperor, the previously disorganised rebellion against the Shogun is structured to create an effective opposition to the Shogun's forces. The armies of the Shogun, already weakened through desertion, are quickly routed, with the Emperor's forces taking control of Kyoto. The Shogun is quickly captured and priests from the Imperial Shinto Sect organise the execution of the Ashikaga Shogun and his family, cementing the control of the Emperor. On the taking of Kyoto, the Emperor proclaims the end of the Shogunate and the creation of an Imperial Theocratic Japan. In remote parts of the theocracy, loyalty to the old government persists, although these are brutally cracked down on by the Emperor's troops.
 * Aztec Empire: We expand our military.
 * Caucasian Confederation: The plague continues to affect the nations of the Confederation, with thousands of deaths taxing the undeveloped Georgian and Armenian medical systems to their limits. On the upside, the swath of inheritance cases does wonders for the legal tradition of the Caucasus, and the previously hazy laws on the subject are clarified, expanding the economies of all the Caucasian Confederation states. Caucasian 'legal tradition' (such as it is) now officially recognizes semi-salic primogeniture as the guiding principle of succession. This development is sealed upon the untimely demise of Mepe Alexandre from the plague. He is succeeded by his oldest surviving son, Boris (aged 39). Upon his ascent to the throne, the new Mepe seeks to finally consolidate the Caucasian Orthodox kingdoms into a single unified entity. Accordingly, Boris - who lacks sons of his own, and wants to ensure that his brothers and cousins cannot displace his branch of the dynasty - arranges the marriage of his eldest daughter Rusiko (aged 17) to Sahak (aged 15), the grandson of both Armenia's aging Tagavor Zhirayr and Mtavari Levon of Gordyene. This dynastic-welding maneuver is expected to unify the kingdoms of Georgia, Armenia and Assyria under a single ruler by 1500. Grumblings can already be heard among the aristocracy of all three nations about the "royal usurpation of the traditional rights of the princes," as well as the genealogically-dubious marriage of Zhirayr's eldest son Haik to Levon's eldest daughter Gohar.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire continues to shift its trade to the west, although this slows down due to the opening/restoration of the canal in Egypt. Engineers and soldiers continue to help with the project there. Weapons and books continue to be sent to the Tartar Empire to help the Emperor Theodore defeat his opponents. With the weapons available to the Empire largely reaching a standstill, the Emperor turns his attention toward bettering the health and wealth of his people. To this end, he encourages the continued research into medical care and the expansion and construction of hospitals. Education is also seriously considered once again now that the times of war have passed the Empire by. To help do this, the University of Constantinople considers sending some of its scholars to other parts of the Empire to educate citizens that cannot make the journey to Constantinople. A prominent Latin from Patras, Carlo de Patra, begins his education at the University. He soon begins to amaze his professors with this imaginative and complicated designs and theories related to science and the physical world. (I will elaborate when I return)
 * Albania: With the revolts in Italian Albania in full swing, the kingdom is not sure how to react. Many of the citizens want the war to happen, and some even move back to help the resistance. The government is much more neutral, concerned if the Roman Empire will back such military action and the thought of waging war on a nation that helped Albania gain independence. The national military is expanded and trained further as a result.
 * Ayutthaya: expands its economy, as integration with Sri Vijaya furthers its development. The population continues to grow.
 * Sri Vijaya and Padang improve their infrastructure; Aceh's economy grows. Buddhism begins to slowly outroot Islam in some of the areas in all the nations.
 * Bengal Sultanate: The decrease in taxes on the landed elite does its job in most areas of the Sultanate, decreasing the tax load on the peasantry and earning him their support. The tax cuts on the merchant class allow for more trade to be conducted, and a recent lax on some of the quota laws allows for more goods to be shipped from Bengal, greatly increasing trade income. Trade with the state of Ava continues, with influence being placed through trade on Ava. Cash crops continue to be grown in large amounts. With our merchants traveling to Ava, Koch, Ahom and Arakan regularly, Islam continues to grow in their nations. Most all trade roads begin to see much-needed maintenance. Due to Bengal having control over lands of multiple ethnicities and religions, literary works in the form of poems and epics continue to take influence from all three religions of the Sultanate. Urdu, also called Hindi by some, becomes more common in the Sultanate due to the mixing of Hindu and Islamic ideals. We continue to help finance the Plutocratic State of Jaunpur, Delhi Sultanate and Bahamani Sultanate by sending gifts directly to the nobles/sultans, offering loans from powerful trade bankers, and decreasing the trade taxes over all of Bengal, allowing more of our merchant goods to travel into those states. We also raise a portion of the Sultan's personal levy and then divide it out to be sent to the states leaders, so that they can do with them what they wish in order to maintain order in their nation. The construction of schools and universities several years ago has led to an increase is scholars and literacy in our nation. The Sultan's son continues to be tutored by scholars from three of the different major religions in the known world, Islam, Buddhism and Hinduism. 'The friction is defused between the landed elite due to a willing discharge of the Phay-sat schematics, allowing more landed elite to produce them, lowering their price and increasing their availability. Due to the removal of trade barriers between a majority of states in the Indian League, ours and their merchants begin to travel with increased mobility and goods, thereby increasing the trade income and output in the agreeing nations. The scholars from the agreeing nations on the issue of siege guns meet within Khandesh to begin to understand how to create a more powerful cannon.
 * Emirate of Andamana: Mansoor Basil Amirmoez continues to reclaim land on the island to make room for farms, and to have timber for building both boats and houses. The Emirate expands another 500 km into the island. The ships built by the timber from the island help contribute to Bengali trade. Continues working on economy and infrastructure.
 * Rajya of Orissa: Unlike the other vassals of the Bengali Sultanate, Bhandudeva IV is kept farther away from the daily politics of controlling Orissa, relying mainly on Islamic advisors sent directly by the Bengal Sultan. The advisors quickly persuade Bhandudeva IV to allow the Muslim settlers in the northern part of the Rajya to hold land south of the previously agreed living space. Continues working on military and infrastructure. Bhandudeva IV passes away, and the advisors vote in a Hindu successor, named Kapilendra Deva.
 * Swargadeo of Kamarupa: Now vassalized by Bengal, the Swargadeo of Ahom continues to receive extensive help in creating viable farmland. They do this by continuing a process of land reclamation in the northern part of the state, which is largely marshy and thinly populated. This process of reclamation begins by using dikes, embankments and irrigation systems. The Swargadeo (King) of Ahom passes away and his son inherits the Kingdom from his father.
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Forward: A large thanks to Kunarian for providing much welcomed, creative contributions to my Eleanor/Jacqueline story. Landshut expands its military. The population continues to rise. Grand Duchess Jacqueline and her council continue to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with twenty-five very large cogs being finished, and by 1470 a trade route is put in place. Such important places in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany, due to a longstanding trade deal. Continuing in 1470, Jacqueline commisions six cogs to sail around western Mediterranean coasts. The planned market center in Landshut continues to attract regional traders. In religious news, the country begins converting to the Western Netherlander church. By the end of this year, around 75% of the country adheres to the Western Church. Most adherents live around Munchen and Landshut. In other news, Bavaria continues implementing the Alliance and Merchant Act as well as the Militia and Navy Act. Jacqueline continues efforts to implement Sedevacantist policies in the government, being much more religious than her father. The Grand Duchess continues to make new titles for her nobles and grants them more privileges. Jaqueline continues to divide Bavaria into provinces and counties; As the year moves on, Jacqueline places several loyal tax collectors and exchequers in each county to simplify the taxing process. She also places several court favorites in mayor positions in Munich, Regensburg, Straubing, and Bamberg. In other news, economic turbulence sets in as merchants cease their trade, both in protest of Jacqueline's rule and the lack of a solid trading center in Landshut, to which most of the merchant class has grown accustomed to using. Tax collectors in cities are able to collect taxes efficiently, so the lower classes are not as unrestful as the merchants. However, in seeing the gratuitous gifts and privileges the nobles are having bestowed upon themselves, the lower classes begin to squirm under Grand Duchess Jacqueline. Even some nobles, those envious of Albrecht von Ingolmaacht and his power, move against her. Ingolmaacht himself continues to draw scandal and intrigue at Trausnitz, where he begins to fear for his safety and standing. As the year approaches June, Jacqueline attempts to remedy unrest by placing several merchant class clerks and guildmasters in her privy council. Among these members, Johann Estract and Wolfgang von Tettersbreg are the most renowned. Despite the high profiles of these men and the decisions they make over the year, unrest continues to grow greatly and Jacqueline's rule teeters on the edge of collapse. By December, the economy enters a free-fall stage, as many currencies begin to lose their values and the Ducat itselfs begins to be threatened with complete devaluation. Inflation rises as well, and the general populace is overcome by fear of famine and suffocating poverty. In Venice, Eleanor ammases nearly 4000 soldiers and mercenaries, all devout to her cause. She uses the enormous amount of donated wealth to train more soldiers, hoping to train at least 3000 more men. A large amount of Venetian merchants and nobles also flock to her banners, hoping to find more wealth, peace, and opportunity in a new, Eleanite (the new name applied to Eleanor's politics and ideologies) Bavaria. Back in Bavaria, Jacqueline tightens movement around Trausnitz as well as international travel due to the plague that begins to spread throughout Europe. She also orders several renovations on city walls around Bavaria. All of the sick are to be quarantined, and people are encouraged to avoid the sick at all causes. Curfews are enacted in Landshut and Munich. In Venice, Eleanor follows the same Venetian codes and tries her best to avoid infection.
 * Munchen: By 1471, the total class of Queen Isabell University amounts to about 3300 men. Troops authorized by Jacqueline continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. In recent news, unemployment begins to crawl upward after the suspension of the Roscol Bank in Landshut. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Jacqueline continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Jacqueline continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Jacqueline continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Jacqueline continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * 'Burggrafschaft: 'Troops authorized by Jacqueline continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Jacqueline continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * Wurzburg: Troops authorized by Jacqueline continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Once more unrests builds as Jacqueline is duchess again. The suspension of the Roscol Bank further fans rebellious flames. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * Trier: We upgrade our military and economy. The states around us are influenced. Trade routes are established, opening trade among Hesse, Cologne, and Austria and her vassals. We dedicate this turn to infrastructure expansion, building several defenses, and roads to link towns across the nation. Fortifications around our capital are improved and updated.
 * Novgorod: We continue the production of Koch boats, cannons, hand cannons, advanced crossbows, swords, and composite bows, increasing our military capabilities in case of war. The nation’s training and advancement of military continues. The recent classes of Koch ships are being manufactured in Novgorod. The town of St Patriksburg’s population grows a bit more that last year. As the construction of the town improves, the Kremlin finishes, trade becoming more in demand, the town gains slightly. Because of the trade road built with Tver our economy increases. After seeing a great success with the private schools in the cities of Novgorod, St Patriksburg, Staraya Russa, and Nizhny Novgorod. We start building another private school in Rostov and Yaroslavl. We complete building private schools in Torzhok and a private school in Staraya Ladoga. We upgrade our infrastructure.
 * Tver: We complete the construction of the private school in Tver and we start the new one. We upgrade our economy because of the trade established between Yaroslavl, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We upgrade our infrastructure.
 * Yaroslavl: We complete the construction of the private school in Yaroslavl and we start the new one. We upgrade our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. (Razor asked me to post this for him).
 * Rostov: We completed the construction of the private school in Rostov and start the new one. We upgrade our economy because of the trade established between Tver,Yaroslavl, Muscovy
 * Yemen: The Emir continues to fund the scholars, hoping they will discover a cure or some sort of method to at least slow the spread of the plague within the nation. Little progress is still being made by the scholars, but fortunately the plague has not done as much damage in Yemen as it has in larger, more populated nations. Economy slightly recovers from the stop of trade, and the Emir decides to open up the ports again, but he puts tight regulations upon the ports to make sure the plague does not resurge. The Emir politely declines the Safavid's offer of alliance, seeing no reason to ally with their former enemies. The Emir is happy with the situation with the canal and looks forward to trade being directed toward Yemen through the Red Sea. The Emir continues influencing Oman.
 * The Tartary finishes its process of integration of the Azovan Khanate, forcing it into vassalage as its small population, rapidly ailing, cannot withstand the independence to the larger nation's focus. Instead, it can focus on effectively controlling the plague, which slows down its spread, although continues to infect and kill many. The population, however, remains positively growing. The eastern half is less affected, and many people begin to flee there, founding new cities in the area. The Mastoravic faith, being centralised, adopts the Christian ideology of heaven during this period, quite affected by the illness.
 * Great Perm is very badly hit by the illness. The economy stops growing, as does the population.
 * Adyghea is still not hit by the plague, and the population and economy grow quite quickly from fleeing people hearing the news of sickness farther north and east.
 * Kazakhstan's war starts to fade, as some of the Islamic clans are slain by the pro-ruling coalition.
 * The Azovan Khanate continues to suffer from the illness.
 * Oyo: Oyo continues in its campaign against the Mali, pushing the Malian forces up the Niger River and back into their cities. The shock of gunpower weapons nullifies many of the Malian attempts to counterattack the invading Oyo as their warriors are in fear of the much power thunder-making weapons of the Oyo armies. Olorun directs his war against Mali personally, seeking to use his links to his mother, a Mali princess of the previous Mansa of Mali, to win the hearts and minds of the Mali people. He promises to allow the Mali lords to keep their positions if they acknowledge his right to rule in the name of their past king, and spare them and their people in the name of their shared lineage. The Oyo back home successfully quarantine the plague by setting up quarters outside of their cities, and mandating all those infected stay there until they are cured or die. All food and water is delivered to these centers, and those in violation of their quarantine are killed on the spot to prevent the virus' spread. In the countryside, the plague makes little headway as the farmers have taken cure to follow the instructions of the government to stay in their villages, and only leave for the cities during the harvest season, allowing the cities to prepare for any potential outbreaks and control the matter ahead of time.
 * In the Emirate of Sanafah, the nation continues to grow in relevance in Madagascar as the population continues to expand at fast rates. The cultural developments continue to take place, as well as a few minor scientific "discoveries." The lack of foreign trade continues for the most part, which allows for a more lavished local population. Moraingy continues to grow in popularity as it develops further into local competitions, as does wood carving and salegy-style musical influences. All of these cultural influences spread throughout the island. Meanwhile, in Sakalava, continues to focus upon integration of the main populations, including Bara and Mahafaly tribes. Infrastructure improvements are made, with the intent of bringing infrastructure already found in the main cities of Sakalava and Sanafah to the smaller villages of the countryside in Sakalava's frontiers. Dina Morgabin continues to develop as a powerful agricultural center, growing variations of the spices located on Madagasikara but also other spices like ginger, cinnamon, cardamom, curry, and turmeric are grown. Dina Arobi and Dina Kely continue to grow in population and are effectively 100% Sanafahi/Sakalavan.
 * Sofala: Continues to expand to the south and gains many cultural elements from Sanafah and the island of Madagasikara. For example, moraingy spreads throughout the nation, as does salegy music and wood carving art. Additionally, the Malagasy tongue continues to catch on in popularity. At the end of the year, however, a Spanish ship led by explorer Diego Juan Carlos de Bilbao is stranded at the southern tip of Sofala. The Santa Julia de Merida, the name of the boat, cannot leave the port and as such requires assistance from the local people of the Sofala. Immeadiately, however, it becomes apparent that the people are not like our neighbors to the South. These people have white skin, and wear weird clothing. One man, Julio Marciano Gabriel, is a priest from aboard the Santa Julia de Merida and takes a special interest in the native languages - Malagasy and Swahili - of the natives. Julio Marciano Gabriel also begins to teach the local Prince of Sofala's son Spanish, a difficult but worthwhile endeavor.
 * Merina and Betsimisaraka experience continuation of the internal improvements, subsidized by the League. The two nations are planned to be annexed into one larger state, and plans are made to this effect. It is estimated that integration will take place in 1480. The Sakalvan/Sanfahi culture spreads throughout the countryside as local dialects die out and are replaced with the Sanafahi dialect and some Swahili influenced words.
 * In the Comoros, the art revolution from Sanafah spills over. Culture continues to foment. The Comoros expand into the Seychelles. Similarly, Pembara expands to the south. In Betsileo, a movement to annex Bezanozano continues and more progress is made. Meanwhile, Betsileo focuses on integrating the various cultures of the island and notably begins to focus on Sakalavan cultural developments, like moraingy and salegy music, which was originally unique to the Sakalavan states. The current ruler of Betsileo continues to grow old and his daughter, the wife of the heir of the Chief of all Sakalava, continues to take over even more affairs from her father.
 * Kingdom of Italy: King Charles I continues the reforms of his father, and improves the economy and the military. Continues the construction and improvement of shipyards and production of new boats to combat in the Mediterranean. Territorial defense continues being built based on border forts. Relations with the Byzantine Empire continue strong. The Naval Academy in Taranto continues the technological research with Venice. The King continue to give new impetus to the culture within the kingdom and its vassal states, in art, science, etc.
 * Kingdom of Sicily: The army continue the process of assimilation of Italian tactics that spread through the Mediterranean, promoting the use of early firearms. The economy of the island is mostly cereal crops. Thanks to Italian support the exploitation of olives and wine grapes continues.
 * Grand Duchy of Tuscany: Improves the economy and the military. The economic prosperity of the previous years is accented with commercial junction providing by Italy and Genoa, and the city of Florence is the commercial nexus among all the Italian states. Frederick I helps promote economic prosperity, gives incentives to help manufacturing output grow, and improve access roads to make the trade more fluid and profitable. The army is formed to the image of the Italian army, with gradual use of new firearms that become quite popular. Frederick I became a great patron and the Tuscan nobles follow this particular policy. The artists, protected and maintained by the nobles and bourgeois rising, unleash their creativity.
 * Duchy of Genoa: Improves the economy and the military. The Duchy of Genoa continues trading from the Black Sea to the Straits of Gibraltar, using new models of ships with cargo holds of more spacious and allow greater profit. With the help of Italian military fleet, try to force richest commercial rights in Tunisian ports. In Genoa the boom in production of luxury items continue. The pressure of the Genoese traders in Tunis is growing, and combined with the presence of Christian missionaries, who at the same time serve commercial spies; is accomplished the capture of a lot of exotic products that are not easy to get due to the conflicts and trade barriers in the Near East, and the axis between Tunis and Genoa is strengthened. The Genoese economy restarts its golden age.
 * Duchy of Ferrara: Improves the economy and the military. The paper industry is forging ahead, and also the making of looms, making this duchy in one of the most productive in northern Italy. Duke Niccolo I continue the loyal service to Italy.
 * Duchy of Corsica: Improves the economy and the military. The exploitation of salt mines and silver continues. In the same way, the vine crops increase in extension and quality, and the manufacture of wine each year improves in quality and quantity, and is recognized as the best European wine. On the island of Corsica a boom of mercenaries continues. The Italian army started recruiting many Corsicans, making them a legend in terms of ferocity and skill in the skirmishes and battles.
 * Marquisate of Modena: Improves the economy and the military. Niccolo is dedicated to art and culture, encouraging painters, sculptors and architects that embellish this little Marquisate, leading Italian opulence to a new level. Marquis Niccolo I continues the loyal service to Italy.
 * Principality of Zeta: Improves the economy and the military. Dairy cattle production increases, and in the same way the manufacture of better quality cheese, they continue to be exported to Italy, Hungary and Byzantium. The Prince Giovanni I continues the cultural boom.
 * Vatican City: The Pope continues the campaign of evangelization in the lands of the Balkans. Missionaries continue to working in North Africa, especially in Tunisia, where they try to recover the core of Christians. The Pope like his predecessor condemns all those who come to the false churches that are being created in Europe. The Pope in his speeches also continues condemning the current lack of security of pilgrims traveling to the Holy Land, which the Christian nations have a priority to recover these places and they are missing to the will of God. The nephew of Pope Callistus III, Rodrigo Borgia continue his ascent in the Roman Curia.
 * Order of the Knights of Malta: The Grand Master of the Order Piero Raimondo Camelot, uses his fleet of ten ships to patrol the central Mediterranean, also helping needy Christians. Military elements are improved, and the economy is maintained by the Italian and Sicilian support.
 * County of Provence: The reform of the administration continues, adapting the Italian model which has had so much success. Improves economy through trade and manufacturing cloth. The military camp is also improved, adding new equipment and Italian military ideas.
 * Duchy of Anjou: As in Provence, the Duchy transformation is performed. The economy and military improve.
 * Alencon: The economy and military improve.
 * Narbonne: The economy and military improve.
 * Vendome: The economy and military improve.

1472
'''Agricultural techniques spread to the Wè and out of OTL Côte d’Ivoire into Bassa and Klao tribes in OTL Liberia. Centralisation continues in the Baoulé lands, with a centralised state arising and allying itself to Akania against Oyo.'''

'''I knew it. You guys are so darn predictable it's not even funny. ~Viva'''

'''A Kurdish state forms in the north of Mesopotamia. Cutting off both Iranian and Assyrian border with disorganised territory, this new “Kingdom of Medistan” gets wide support from everyone within their border, Arab, Kurd and Christian alike. (+5 in mil and econ, +3 in infrastructure).'''

'''The three caciques from Cartagena expand heavily to the south reaching the northern border of the Quimbayas. While this, the Guajirean caciques manage to bring a huge part of the peninsula under their control soon meeting with the Motilons in the region of El Cesar. Finally, the Cundinamarcan small tribal kingdom falls under Quimbayan control after being forcefully vassalized. The golden age of the Quimbayas begins and some expansion begins going southward after the word of equally rich kingdoms being widespread. The kingdom's border is pushed as far as Pasto in Southern Colombia. Metal usage becomes widespread in Central Colombia.'''

In Rome, Pope John XXIII dies, and in the subsequent conclave, the Roman Angelo Capranica is elected Pope, taking the Papal name of Urban VI.

In the lands of the Tharawal, several eel-farming families have started re-planting tubers near their huts.
 * Mapuche:  The War Band, under the watchful guidance of Xoryas, continues its training and grows stronger. The road system is roughly halfway complete. Mapuche trade and craftsmanship continue to flourish. Coppersmiths continue to lust after a stronger material with which to work; a young apprentice swears to discover one for the betterment of his people. The written language becomes more widely utilized. There are 15,606 Mapuche at the year's end.
 * Prussia: The Prussians continue to convert to the Western Church. The Prussians begin to build their army. The amount of people killed by what some people call the Persian Plague continues to grow. Whole new cemeteries are built to house the dead, as existing ones swiftly become overpopulated.
 * Courland: The Curonians also begin developing their economy and military. The Curonians also begin converting to the Western Church. The Curonians also have problems burying the vicitims of the plague.
 * Ossel-Wiek: Ossel-Wiek also begins developing their economy and military. Ossel-Wiek also begins converting to the Western Church. Ossel-Wiek continues to dedicate more of its limited territory to burying the dead
 * Aztec Empire: We expand our military, growing to 70,000 units. Our population grows to five million.
 * Guaymi:  Emperor Tiarokwete authorizes the use of the new found poison tipped darts for the army. The cities of Mununi and Siatum continue to see slow growth in the cities as some of the Guaymians are sticking to strict agricultural lifestyles. The year is mainly spent developing the economy, through their mining systems, which have produced a fair sized amount of gold, iron and silver, and military training as Emperor Tiarokwete desires to increase Guaymi territory in years to come. The road system linking Ngobe-Bugle with Guaymi is about three-fourths of the way completed and is expected to be finished by the end of the next year as the Emperor orders more laborers to focus on clearing trees to make the roads, and as usual the trees are then sent back to either of the two cities for use in building a couple of public buildings and houses.
 * Ngobe-Bugle: Chief Mushuni is given a handsome sum of gold and resources from the Emperor to give them the new weapon technology. The Chief uses the resources to formally establish the central city of Jigathiu in Guaymi territory. Many homes, a few hospitals and schools are built and nearby Ngobians flock to the newly remodled city, giving it a boost in population to 2000. The province expands their economy through fishing industries and have begun mining upon hearing of gold striking in Guaymi.
 * Hamburg-Mecklenburg: Efforts to combat the plague continue, as it does in the vassals. The dead are buried in mass graves in an attempt to reduce contamination. With hostilities against the Oyo rising, traders from Neue Lüneburg set off to find new partners. Cartographers painstakingly map the coastline. Contact with several tribes are made, with some African languages picked up from locals. By December, when they believe they're nearing the Kongo, they spot ships bearing the Castilian banner. They immediately turn back, not knowing what to do.
 * Kingdom of Italy: King Charles I continues the reforms of his father, and improves the economy and the military. Continues the construction and improvement of shipyards and production of new boats to combat in the Mediterranean. Territorial defense continues being built based on border forts. Relations with the Byzantine Empire continue strong. The Naval Academy in Taranto continues the technological research with Venice. The King continue to give new impetus to the culture within the kingdom and its vassal states, in art, science, etc.
 * Kingdom of Sicily: The army continue the process of assimilation of Italian tactics that spread through the Mediterranean, promoting the use of early firearms. The economy of the island is mostly cereal crops. Thanks to Italian support the exploitation of olives and wine grapes continues.
 * Grand Duchy of Tuscany: Improves the economy and the military. The economic prosperity of the previous years is accented with commercial junction providing by Italy and Genoa, and the city of Florence is the commercial nexus among all the Italian states. Frederick I helps promote economic prosperity, gives incentives to help manufacturing output grow, and improve access roads to make the trade more fluid and profitable. The army is formed to the image of the Italian army, with gradual use of new firearms that become quite popular. Frederick I became a great patron and the Tuscan nobles follow this particular policy. The artists, protected and maintained by the nobles and bourgeois rising, unleash their creativity.
 * Duchy of Genoa: Improves the economy and the military. The Duchy of Genoa continues trading from the Black Sea to the Straits of Gibraltar, using new models of ships with cargo holds of more spacious and allow greater profit. With the help of Italian military fleet, try to force richest commercial rights in Tunisian ports. In Genoa the boom in production of luxury items continue. The pressure of the Genoese traders in Tunis is growing, and combined with the presence of Christian missionaries, who at the same time serve commercial spies; is accomplished the capture of a lot of exotic products that are not easy to get due to the conflicts and trade barriers in the Near East, and the axis between Tunis and Genoa is strengthened. The Genoese economy restarts its golden age.
 * Duchy of Ferrara: Improves the economy and the military. The paper industry is forging ahead, and also the making of looms, making this duchy in one of the most productive in northern Italy. Duke Niccolo I continue the loyal service to Italy.
 * Duchy of Corsica: Improves the economy and the military. The exploitation of salt mines and silver continues. In the same way, the vine crops increase in extension and quality, and the manufacture of wine each year improves in quality and quantity, and is recognized as the best European wine. On the island of Corsica a boom of mercenaries continues. The Italian army started recruiting many Corsicans, making them a legend in terms of ferocity and skill in the skirmishes and battles.
 * Marquisate of Modena: Improves the economy and the military. Niccolo is dedicated to art and culture, encouraging painters, sculptors and architects that embellish this little Marquisate, leading Italian opulence to a new level. Marquis Niccolo I continues the loyal service to Italy.
 * Principality of Zeta: Improves the economy and the military. Dairy cattle production increases, and in the same way the manufacture of better quality cheese, they continue to be exported to Italy, Hungary and Byzantium. The Prince Giovanni I continues the cultural boom.
 * Vatican City: The Pope continues the campaign of evangelization in the lands of the Balkans. Missionaries continue to working in North Africa, especially in Tunisia, where they try to recover the core of Christians. The Pope like his predecessor condemns all those who come to the false churches that are being created in Europe. The Pope in his speeches also continues condemning the current lack of security of pilgrims traveling to the Holy Land, which the Christian nations have a priority to recover these places and they are missing to the will of God. The nephew of Pope Callistus III, Rodrigo Borgia continue his ascent in the Roman Curia.
 * Alexandria and Aiguptia Diplomacy: We ask the Vatican City for funds to build a safe passage to Jerusalem (a region we control) for all pilgrims).
 * Order of the Knights of Malta: The Grand Master of the Order Piero Raimondo Camelot, uses his fleet of ten ships to patrol the central Mediterranean, also helping needy Christians. Military elements are improved, and the economy is maintained by the Italian and Sicilian support.
 * County of Provence: The reform of the administration continues, adapting the Italian model which has had so much success. Improves economy through trade and manufacturing cloth. The military camp is also improved, adding new equipment and Italian military ideas.
 * Duchy of Anjou: As in Provence, the Duchy transformation is performed. The economy and military improve.
 * Alencon: The economy and military improve.
 * Narbonne: The economy and military improve.
 * Vendome: The economy and military improve.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The disease continues killing many. The king attempts to avoid such an event but it fails only spreading it harder in regions of Basel, Lorraine and Burgundy - as well as in Sardinia where it kills hundreds without seeming any cause. The death toll reaches a half million since the start and many corpses accumulate throughout the domains, impelling the need for a better way to avoid the kingdom and bringing many to doubt the king's might on the French monarchic lands. This is even more acute in regions like Sardinia far from the central government. The vassalage of Aargau continues as well as the vassalage of Foix. France initiates its second invasion of Tunisia, when the king decides that it's the best moment to invade (expecting the infection kill enough in Tunisia or to have less resistance). Soon they swarm to the nation of North Africa after jumping into Tunisia from Sardinia. 200,000 men leave the island with several siege units in order to not to fail as the previous king had. The campaign in North Africa is well recognized as the hardest of all wars France may cross as it was its predecesor. The capture of a few cities along the coast begins with thousands of Frenchmen launching themselves into melee combat and close combat in the small cities of the Tunisian coast. Several fleetships coming from Sardinia and Southern France soon swarm the coastline expecting to destroy the Tunisian fleetships when they show up.
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up. Economy expands. French troops begin withdrawing to allow Albion takeover. The infection rages on killing many in the region. Sends military aid to France.
 * Albret: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region. Sends military aid to France.
 * Nemour: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region. Sends military aid to France.
 * Guyenne: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region. Sends military aid to France.
 * Berry: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region. Sends military aid to France.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region. Sends military aid to France.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region. Sends military aid to France.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Armagnac: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region. Sends military aid to France
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Sardinia: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region. Some begin to question the king of France's choices and begin wondering about establishing their own state. Sends military aid to France.
 * Basel: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Venetian Diplomacy: The Doge sends his support for France in their efforts to claim Tunis and hopes that they will break the Genoan monopoly on trade there.
 * In the Emirate of Sanafah, news about the light-skinned explorers reaches the Chief, who is growing old. He takes a voyage, nonetheless, to Sofala to meet up with these explorers and is surprised to meet Julio Marciano Gabriel when Gabriel revealed that he could speak both the light-skinned language, "Spaonsh," and the proper Malagasy tongue. The Chief orders his men to the aid of Diego Juan Carlos de Bilbao and his ship, the Santa Julia de Merida. After a few months of devoted construction, which is overseen by the popular Chief and the captain of the ship, the ship is repaired and returns back to the rest of the Spanish fleet. Julio Marciano Gabriel does not, however, leave with the ship but decides to stay with Chief Tiavina Ralofoaro. The two men then return to Mahajanga, where Gabriel begins an enormous task with the aid of leading Malagasy scholars - to create a written language for the Malagasy tongue. Using a Latin alphabet, Gabriel finally constructs the language by the end of the year and begins to translate the Bible into Malagasy. Cultural developments, like moraingy and salegy continue, and trade begins to resume to a smaller degree. Meanwhile, in Sakalava, the focus of integration and standardization remains. Dina Morgabin and Dina Arobi also develop agriculturally, and therefore economically.
 * Sofala continues to expand to the south and gains many cultural elements from Sanafah and the island of Madagasikara. The events regarding the Santa Julia de Merida pass, and many begin to wonder how large the world really is, starting a move by Sofalans to go exploring into the African wilderness. The Latin-based Malagasy language begins to spread, since Gabriel began his work in Sofala.
 * Merina and Betsimisaraka experience continuation of the internal improvements, subsidized by the League. Plans to merge the two vassal states continue, planned for 1480. The Sakalvan/Sanfahi culture spreads throughout the countryside as local dialects die out and are replaced with the Sanafahi dialect and some Swahili influenced words.
 * In the Comoros, the art revolution from Sanafah spills over. Culture continues to foment. The Comoros expand into the Seychelles. Similarly, Pembara expands to the south. Betsileo annexes Bezanozano, in response to popular desire, and integration and standardization becomes the primary goal of the Chieftess, and Princess of the Sanafahi Emirate, who is crowned after her father's death.
 * Portugal: Continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Leiname. By this time, the colony in Leiname starts to export wheat to Portugal. Meanwhile, some Portuguese explorers continue to explore the African coast, already having reached Kongo. The Açores continue being settled.
 * Venetian Republic:
 *  Books on various topics spread from Venice throughout Europe, continuing the Renaissance. Printed in the Venetian language, they teach of the sciences and humanities and revive learning, spreading knowledge (as well as the language) far and wide. .
 *  With the increased supply of Ducats, the fluidity of European trade increases with Ducat using nations benefiting most. 
 *  Many people sentenced to death are drowned in the canals as is the Venetian tradition. The tradition is becoming the primary way to execute criminals and is spreading to the Venetian territories across Europe. 
 *  Fine wool and silk clothing from Titani is exported across the Mediterranean and Black Sea and begins to set the trend in Renaissance clothing. 
 *  Venetian trade reaches across the known world. Merchant ships carry salt, silks, glass and a collection of other goods, both common and rare. Venetian traders are the largest carriers of trade in Europe, with the thousands of ships and a trading tradition continuing to fuel this. 
 *  The Roscol Bank uses local subsidiaries all across Europe to fund trade, with a leaning toward funding trade with Venice. They also fund enterprises across the continent, boosting the economies of the nations which they inhabit. The Roscol Bank invests conservatively. While this doesn't bring in as much wealth as other nations' banking, such as the Dutch, it results in a much more robust level of equity. 
 *  Due to the stability of business and protection afforded to private enterprise in Venice, many merchants set up shop in the city despite being foreign, utilising the Venetian law to protect their businesses. Criminals and a less divided merchant class mean prosperity for all those involved with Venetian business in some way. 
 * In Veneto Christofo sends letters across Europe to see if there are any eligible grooms and brides for the various Roscol children (GET YOUR ROYAL MARRIAGE HERE!) before they reach the age of 20: Dragano (second son of the Doge and shaping up to be a capable warrior) who is 13 and Giovanni (second son of the Doge's younger brother and a timid but clever boy) who is nine. He also announces that marriages have already been arranged: Medardo, first son of the Doge, shall wed Ida, the princess of Oldenburg, and may they live long and happy lives; Lucia, first daughter of the Doge, shall wed Wilhelm, first son of Hesse, as only a firstborn daughter can fit a firstborn son; Coletta, second daughter of the Doge, shall wed Adolf I, second son of Ludwig, may the clever boy honour her with warmth and sons; and finally Christofo, first son of the Doge's younger brother, shall wed Eva, first daughter of Hesse, may her skills in art and song give inspiration to his untempered ambition. All children shall be married once they both reach the age of 14 although the Doge does not approve of co-habitation until both are at least 16. The plague causes the Sigilar Collegantia to form close ties, as they work together to minimise deaths, they all implement Salute Pretors (magistrates of health) to take actions to keep people healthy and to keep the plague at bay. The Venessian Stanpar fails to win many people over to their workshops. However, they do make a partnership with the Learned Society of Saint Mark. The Consegio de Fe enacts the preaching law, allowing for those practising heretical beliefs to be punished. The Consegio de Fe's secret police manages to undermine various sects of True Faithers as well as Jews and Orthodox groups. However, the plague stifles their operations. Propaganda supporting the Venetian Church is spread, blaming lack of faith for the plague. The Tola de Savio Omni declares that Venice will seek to right the wrongs of the past and sets out propaganda against its historical enemy of Milan, even blaming them for the plague. The Order of Saint Mark numbers 50,000 now and numbers are declining steeply. The beliefs of the true faith are popular amongst commoners - especially those who feel the church does not practice the faith properly. Alexandria is the destination of massive amounts of pilgrimage from True Faith believers who also attempt to convert locals as well as settle down. The True Faithers believe that the plague is God punishing the ill of faith. (reaction to plague) The plague burns through the population. While the quarantine works to keep some level of control over the spread, the dockside and slum dwellers are heavily affected. Before the end of the year mass graves are being dug outside cities and towns to bury the dead and villages that face infection are sometimes wiped out. The cerfew works well to keep order and stops criminals from taking advantage of the death of property owners caused by the plague. With some captains and sailors ignoring the proceedures put in place the Tola de Salute gains control over a small detachment of vessels, which they use to destroy vessels suspected of carrying the plague or who are unco-operative with authorities. Christofo's younger brother Michiel takes to the streets of Venice to assist in the containment of the plague, hoping the sight of him will encourage strength amongst the people. (reaction to Bavaria for Cookie) With the plague decimating the population, many people are not so eager to join the forces of Eleanor this year. However, several mercenary companies offer their assistance (they number 4000 men altogether) instead. The Sigilar Collegantia muster their forces - despite the plague - and send them, with loyal commanders, to meet with Eleanor's forces. After the damage of the plague they number 2500 altogether. Christofo is urged by his advisors to encourage Eleanor to take her army to Bavaria, while it is still strong. He relays the message to Eleanor and grants her use of 2000 of Venice's mercenary forces to use in her fight. Although many question his choice in who commands them as he has sent his son Medardo to lead them. Upstart Venetian nobles and entrepreneurial Ventian merchants gather around Eleanor, unified in their support for her cause and all pledging to serve her, largely out of love for the "Merchant Queen" but also in hope of finding a better life in a New Bavaria than staying and competing with the Sigilar Collegantia that are coming to dominate Venice.
 * In the Free Port of Porto Tolle the military grows.
 * In the Province of Istra the military grows.
 * In the Free Port of Scutari the military grows.
 * In the Province of Albania the military grows.
 * In the Province of Zante the military grows.
 * In the Free Port of Argos the military grows.
 * In the Province of Attica the military grows.
 * In the Province of Mytilene the military grows.
 * In the Province of Candelore the military grows.
 * In the Province of Morocco the military grows.
 * Mil-turn
 * Epirote Republic:
 * In Epirus the economy grows.
 * In the Free Ports of Epirus the economy grows.
 * In the Province of Valona the economy grows.
 * In the Province of Arta the economy grows.
 * Eco-turn
 * Venetian Empire:
 * In the Province of Aegina the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * In the Free Port of Athens the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * In the Province of Candia the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * In the Corfiot Protectorate the military grows. Mil-turn
 * In the Province of Kaffa the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * In the Naxian Protectorate the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * In the Province of Negroponte the military grows. Mil-turn
 * In the Free Port of Ragusa the economy grows. Eco-turn 
 * Alexandria Diplomacy: We are interested in reopening negotiations for the opening of the canal to Venice merchants.
 * Mayan Empire: An unexpected population growth occurs, raising the population to two million. Weapons are made for the army and naval ships continue to be built.
 * County of Oldenburg: The plague hits Oldenburg. In general, Oldenburg's relatively small, relatively unurban population is able to take it without many casualties. The main locations of major outbreaks are, predictably, the towns. The travel ban between towns (except for entirely necessary matters) helps somewhat, as does the decision by many mayors to put their towns into seige mode. Nonetheless, there are casualties in all stratum of society. Countess Juliet fals pregnant, but in the very late stages of her pregnancy she falls ill with the plague! Christian VI and his "medical" staff are all worried for her health and that of her unborn child. During a very strenuous labour, Juliet tragically succumbs to the plague. Her child, however, miraculously survives. The child, a girl, is named Adelheid, and presented to Christian VI. But the count is too grief-stricken to leave his dead wife's side, and he keeps vigil over her body for several days. Princess Adelheid is given to the care of her father's cousin Conrad and his wife Katharina of Hesse, who gave birth to her own child (a boy called Conrad) this year. The Council decides that Conrad, Katharina, Conrad and Adelheid are to take a ship to Neu Baltrum to escape from the plague and ensure the survival of the House of Oldenburg. The crewmembers of the ship have been at sea for months, and cannot have contracted the disease. The group arrive on the island colony unscathed, and are welcomed by the island's small community. Governor Kestner and his family vacate their gubernatorial residence to accommodate them, whilst the Kestners reside with the fisherman. In more royal news, Princess Ida is sent to Venice in a simlarly plague-free ship.
 * Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: Measures are taken against the plague, but there are still numerous casualties. The monasteries do everything within their power to help the sick and dying.
 * Mughal Empire: Although the Emperor is interested in the Safavid idea of a Pan-Islamic alliance that would keep islam away from 'infidels' he does keep in mind that promoting of islam and religious tolerance do not go well with one another. He therefore prepares to add religious clauses to the laws of the Mughal Empire to define the exact position of religions and through that, islam. As Babur's time to give the throne to his heir Mirza comes, a celebration is prepared. The coronation of prince Mirza is about to happen and the heads of the Safavid dynasty, the Chagatai Khan and numerous nobles from the Mughal Empire are invited. Mirza is crowned Emperor as Kamran ud-din Muhammad Mirza, Emperor of the Mughal Empire. During the celebration, the Khan of the Chagatai gives a letter to the former Emperor Babur, saying that it should be opened in case of the Eunuch Khan's death. As soon as he hands Babur the letter, he staggers toward his seat, collapsing in it. After the Khan's death is confirmed, Babur opens the letter which states that  Mirza shall be the Khan of the Chagatai Khanate, since the previous Khan did not have any children. Thus, the Mughal Empire and the Southern Chagatai Khanate enter a personal union. The economy prospers.
 * Southern Chagatai Khanate: The Khan, before his departure decides that the council of elders shall enforce new agricultural and mining techniques in the Khanate, thus improving the economy.
 * Cuzco: The war continues with the Aymaras. The Current king makes plans to vassalize the post war Aymaras,not including the terrtiories conquered in the first Cuzco-Aymara war. The census shows that the population of Cuzco has reached roughly 87,000. We expand our infrastructure to compensate for this.
 * Wanka: We adopt a census similar to Cuzco, showing that we have roughly 12,000 people living within our borders. Military and infrastructure are built up. Ties with Cuzco are deepened.
 * Rumania: Radu, now 38, prepares for the worst, as the plague is terrible this year. Hundreds of thousands die across the nation. The economy stagnates as the plague causes merchants to avoid travel and peasants to fall ill and be unable to work. The church struggles to keep pace with the magnitude of the deaths, alas they cannot keep up and many die without their last rites. This shakes trust in the church and many begin to question the validity of the holy sacraments. A rural priest begins to preach of tolerance and self guidance. He believes than anyone who does good deeds, helps others, and prays daily will reach salvation. Despite the sickness the printing press continues to spread across Rumania. Print expands rapidly as boyars demand books and text as to appear powerful and influential. Mircea II, now 17, continues to learn the art of ruling. He shows great promise in economics and even begins to help his father try to improve the economy.
 * The Consulate of Bulgaria: The new plague damages the economy this year, as hundreds of merchants and city dwellers are killed. Nobles flee the cities and escape to the less populated areas. The printing press spreads south into Bulgaria just as in Rumania. A new religious movement begins to appear in the North West, just south of the new prophet in Wallachia.
 * Fusahito Theocracy: With the end of Ashikaga rule, the Emperor proclaims the naming of the new state as the Fusahito Theocracy, coming from the personal name of the Emperor himself. Imperial forces continue to mop up the last remenants of opposition, but with the execution of the Shogun, there is little support for the old regime. The Emperor declares a day of national celebration to rejoice at he end of the repression of the Shogun and announces the abolition of the tithes which sparked the rebellion against the rule of the Shogunate. Advisors are picked for the new government, mainly from the Imperial Shinto Sect which organised the rebellion, but also from the old elite to guarantee their support. A new temple is built in Kyoto, dedicated to the worship of the Emperor celebrating his divine nature.
 * Castile: The Castilian economy has massively swelled with thanks to the creation of the Spanish confederation and the addition of Aragon's trade and military fleet at Castile's disposal. Castile, as leader of the Spanish confederation, begins a series of economic and military reforms on all the kingdoms in order to expand all the local economies and militaries and centralize the confederation's economies in general. Castile at this point has explored farther down Africa establishing multiple trade posts along the way and reaching a point where the sea rounds the continent. However, the failure of supplies has led to this exploration fleet having to turn back. Castile has begun the development of a series of new ships meant to replace some of the aging designs and add some new innovations. The Castilian navy begins to replace multiple ships with the new carracks as some of the largest ships in the Castile fleet. The Castilian renaissance with the addition of Aragon's renaissance techniques has exploded significantly and with permission from the monarchy embroiled with organizing the Spanish confederacy and multiple projects the Renaissance has led to a mass amount of art and technological innovation being developed. Castile and its confederacy and vassals has now fully converted to the Western Church with the only exception being Cyprus due to its Orthodox roots and Orthodox leadership which prevents a total conversion. Castile continues to vassalize the Kongo (Seven of Eight) using the trade, fleet basing and a promise to help them Christianize their brothers and seize more territory as a pretense for this. The Castilians begins to suffer issues within heavy trade cities of Gibraltar, and Seville as this disease begins killing many people. The Regent of the king and the king himself as well as the council agree to seal the king in the royal palace for the time being to prevent this disease from killing him. The Castilian royal army now numbering about 60,000 is mobilized and tries to contain the disease which has killed nearly 200,000 using information gleamed from the Romans spread of medical and quarantine knowledge this is somewhat successful but for the most part the disease remains hard to quarantine and is relatively hard to predict or track. Castile rounds the Cape of Good Hope and sets up a relatively small trading post. A relatively ambitious ship captain outpaces his peers and maps out two more ports along Africa's newly discovered east coast but gets stuck in the farthest north one after a storm pushes him there marking first contact with the Malagasy people of Madagascar. The Kingdom of Castile is pushed down to a population of about 6.7 million now losing almost 200,000 people but with another 50,000 being infants with the Infanticide plague being thrown around as a name for this as it is widely affecting population growth. King Ferdinand is now 12 years old.
 * Kingdom of Aragon: The country itself is placed in a personal union under Castile with Ferdinand of Castile ruling over both Castile and Aragon. The relatively good treatment of Aragon by Castile and the fallacy of actions of the previous king in burning various areas and completely razing Aragon's capital city have forever earned the enmity and hate of most of the Aragonian people, many of which believed they could continue their lives under Castile in a better fashion, with greater access to Castile's vast diplomatic, trade and military power. This, along with common religion and semi-related language, has led to a nearly seamless transition into the personal union. Nobles have been appointed by Prince Carlos of Castile personally who has personally overseen the majority of the war in Aragon which with his expertise, charisma and swaying abilities has led to many supporting his decisions on either side. Carlos himself is appointed the transitional governor of Aragon in order to facilitate a much smoother transition. The Kingdom's navy previously seized is returned to people sympathetic to Castilians and the military navy in particular is given to a series of respected and well known Aragonians loyal to Castile. Aragon's assimilation into Castile cultural base begins due to many nobles now speaking Spanish (Castilian) which shows a notable effect of a few people especially merchants which are currently able to speak the language proficiently. Aragonians spurred on by Prince Carlos to rebuild Zaragoza begin the work needed to rebuild the city and the various burned towns surrounding the city. For the time being, however, the capital of Aragon proper is migrated to Valencia. With Castilian assistance various infrastructural areas are rebuilt and the military is expanded to a token force of 4000. Along with this support the Aragonian economy recovers slowly with a slow but controlled influx of Castilian economic aid helping Aragon recover. The Aragonian Navy is allowed by Castile to move toward settlements in the Canaries down into Capo Verde, and according to Castilian trade agreements docks in Oyo for trade nearly doubling their previous range. This is pushed down further pushing underneath Oyo farther down the coast using Castilian trade posts to explore. Aragon suffers isease casualties in Barcelona and a few in Valencia, efforts are made to lessen the deaths.
 * Kingdom of Granada: The economy, while moderate, is expanded. The Prince of Granada is a Castilian noble named Juan Cortez who is extremely biased against Muslims due to his father's death in the original war against Morocco over Gibraltar. The countries armed forces also begin to fight the remaining Muslims in the mountains and begin the force conversion of the remaining Muslims in Granada. The military is worked on just in case. The Granadan kingdom begins to build up a moderate navy with the expressed example of reaching 50 ships over the next few years. The Granadan prince begins to look at the integration of Granada as a possibility due to the majority of the population being Western Catholic and Castilian. This is to be done over a long term period. Granada suffers disease casualties regardless of preventative measures in Almeria and the city of Granada.
 * Kingdom of Cyprus: The King of Cyprus is now King Alexander of Cyprus. The King of Cyprus begins to see Castilian culture not as a dominant force but a possible blendable culture that can fit well within Cypriot society. The economy and military of the country is built up as is the infrastructure with a nice road system being built throughout the country. Cyprus gaining large funds from being a Castilian trade hub, begins building a few ships domestically, and purchases ships from Castile, or her allies shipwrights forming a respectable Cypriot navy of almost 90 ships with expected expansion to come. This expansion has been achieved specifically thanks to huge amounts of outsourcing to private shipwrights. Cyprus begins to see an exodus of the Knights Hospitaller west to Castile and her territories and King Matthias begins a larger recruitment for the military managing to raise a force of nearly 10,000. This force is largely funded through the large trade Cyprus has gathered. The troops are styled after Castile's royal army and Cyprus embarks on an intense training program in order to bring them up to standards. The Knights, with many departing also have many older and other knights stay due to their close ties with Cyprus. They remain to run the Knights Hospitaller in Cyprus for the foreseeable future while a large number have migrated across the sea. The Kingdom of Cyprus due to the recent issues in Castile reluctantly recognizes Carlos and his Regency for Prince Ferdinand . Cyprus itself with its fleet of nearly 100 ships begins to take after the Venetian example with trade and begins to put Cypriot merchant ships into state possession for trade in order to help with the kingdom's finances and heavy trade. This show immediate results as a relative increase in funding and attention to trade between Castile and her allies begins to improve the quality of trade. Cyprus shows many casualties from the disease due to its trade hub situation.
 * Kingdom of Morocco: The less fortunate and disenfranchised are converted. The Kingdom itself is a Christian kingdom with a similar situation of early Castile and Aragon, with large numbers of Muslims and a small number of Christians. However, the Christian community in Morocco is expanded thanks to the influx of traders and settlers from Castile and some other immigrants looking for an opportunity to live a new life here. The Kingdom establishes its capital in Casablanca and with this, begins a major point of establishing a major military presence in the area. The infrastructure, particularly in dealing with transport and water, is expanded to accommodate more people but the only people allowed to settle are Christians - particularly from Hispania. A notable number of Castilians settle the area. The leader of Morocco styled a king, out of respect deducts himself in rank to Prince of Morocco as the throne is only to be held by the King of Castile himself if it's ever required. The country begins the construction of various canals and cultivates trees farther inland to help increase arable farmland. The Moroccan economy continue to expand with greater trade coming from Castile and the Canaries all the way down to Capo Verde increasing the relative wealth. The disease hits Morocco but not as hard throughout as in the cities as the country is much less densely populated.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire continues to shift its trade to the west, although this slows down due to the opening/restoration of the canal in Egypt. Engineers and soldiers continue to help with the project there. Weapons and books continue to be sent to the Tartar Empire to help the Emperor Theodore defeat his opponents. With the weapons available to the Empire largely reaching a standstill, the Emperor turns his attention toward bettering the health and wealth of his people. To this end, he encourages the continued research into medical care and the expansion and construction of hospitals. Education is also seriously considered once again now that the times of war have passed the Empire by. To help do this, the University of Constantinople considers sending some of its scholars to other parts of the Empire to educate citizens that cannot make the journey to Constantinople. A prominent Latin from Patras, Carlo de Patra, begins his education at the University. He soon begins to amaze his professors with this imaginative and complicated designs and theories related to science and the physical world. (I will elaborate when I return).
 * Albania: With the revolts in Italian Albania in full swing, the kingdom is not sure how to react. Many of the citizens want the war to happen, and some even move back to help the resistance. The government is much more neutral, concerned if the Roman Empire will back such military action and the thought of waging war on a nation that helped Albania gain independence. The national military is expanded and trained further as a result.
 * Thanks to some nudging by Pskov, Muscovy manages to gain the allegiance of the Kievan Prince once and for all, securing an oath of allegiance from him for years to come. Pskov continues to have Muscovy borrow more money and use it to improve its military, making it more indebted to Pskov, as it is buying Pskovian goods, Pskov gains more money, and the vicious circle continues. Nizhnigorodsk-Na-Narve continues to grow as the Pskovian navy matures. Newer ship designs are used, including some Koch designs. The Pskovian Armory is now fully stocked with weapons, and since many of the Veche's mass-production contracts have now come to fuition, and Pskov has finished paying, Pskov sells these weapons to places like Muscovy and novgorod, and they buy the muskets and Baradiches, where Pskovian Steel is known as one of the best in the region, they happily obluige the augmented cost, making Pskov even richer, thus allowing more money to hurry the construction of the university. The Pskovian researchers in  the college of phicisians decode the works of Arabic scholars, and concur them with their findings, and this year they issue detailed works of the circulatory and pulmonary systems, deciding to translate them into latin and print more to try to circulate them throughout Europe, now due to their increased budget due to smart investing by the Pskovian banks and whatnot. The Pskovian banks' investments create mostly great returns, and now being to invest throughout Europe, especially in the Scandinavian cities of Turku and Provoo, which already have strong Pskovian influence due to previous occupations. The copies of the circulatory system improves medicine, and thus increasing the life expectancy by an average of one year. Meanwhile, more people decide to immigrate to Pskov to take part of the cultural and scientific revolution being called the renaissance. The quarantine practices last year greatly reduce the mortality of the plague striking Europe, and manage to reduce the dead to about 1000 total. The first printing office, using the Pskovian design, appears in Muscovy, and begins turning out books after it is decided by the Veche that printing and information is the right of all, in no small part to try to fight Venetian ringing influence. Knyaz Zaytsev, now ruling for many, many years, falls a bit ill and during the winter dies in his sleep. After that, the Veche chose his son, Vladimir Artemovich Zaytsev, who recently was the Posadnik of Pskov and earned the people's love because of it, manages to gain the allegiance of the Pskovian People, and is crowned By the will of the Veche and the People Knyaz of Pskov, and Confidante to the Grand Duke of Muscovy, and the Prince of Kiev, and head of their Mints.
 * Alexandria: Trade continues to increase as the ports are re-established and more people are converted to Coptic Christianity due to the See of Saint Mark's presence, including those of the True Faith. Dignitaries and soldiers from Grigorios remain in the Nile Delta region to help Aiguptia and Brother Ibrahim stabilize Aiguptia. Resources and military are sent to to Aiguptia to build and protect the canal as that process continues and workers are encouraged to go seek out this opportunity - especially minority groups. The Philadelphi Canal opens to light traffic and medium sized ships, but traffic is carefully monitored due to the plague . At many points though the canal is still being widedend so two or three ships can pass. This leads to growth of the economy. Christians in North African nations are invited to immigrate to Alexandria . Missionaries and dignitaries remain in the Nubia region hoping to convert some of the Nile cities. The land acquired from Yemen by the Red Sea sees a small port town established for sailors and merchants to rest before going into the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean, there is a small increase. Officials here plan for immigration, and balancing that with living conditions that must be kept up to minimize the plague's deadly effect. Alexandria continues to worry about the plague and takes mild precautionary action and inspects goods and traders, but the toll continues to rise. No animals are allowed to be transported through Alexandria or Cairo until further notice. In the Province of Judea: they continue to raise up soldiers to protect both Christian, Islamic and Jewish pilgrimages. Taxes are not like those in Alexandria where they favor Christians, but rather equal for all three of these religions. Judea expands 100 px toward the Med Sea and northward toward OTL Tel Aviv. Small numbers of conversions take place - mainly converting Christians to Coptic Christianity.
 * Aiguptia: Continues to stabilize the nation. Engineers, cartographers and philosophers from all trade partners are offered jobs to work on expanding the Philadelphi Canal to take on present day cogs, treasure fleets and other ships. The canal is opened for medium ships and light traffic and is expected to fully open in 1474/75, and undergoes final preps for its initial opening. Workers flow in seeking work and benefits that stream from the jobs, even those from disorganized areas of the former Mashriq Sultanate and the new Sultanate in Egypt, especially since some are trying to escape the plague. Aiguptia increases efforts to house these immigrant workers. Citizens and people in the surrounding regions and province are converted to Coptic Christianity. Missionaries continue to convert people, especially in Cairo. Cairo also attracts many in anticipation of the canal. The city at the crossing point of the canal OTL Zagazig, begins to be filled by merchants and people looking to get involved in the trade industry, but becomes known for poorer living conditions and being put at risk for the plague. Military continues training of European tactics picked up from Rome and other Catholic nations that assisted Alexandria, and more military are recruited fearing violence from the new nation to the south. Ibrahim marries Catherina, and has a son Justinian. Aiguptia's traders, explorers and military expand onto the the former Mashriq area of the Socotra Archipeligo (less than 100px) to use as a stopping point as they go map farther and farther around the horn of Africa. This forms the province of Dioscoride on the archipelago.
 * Alyeskan Khaganate: The new Khagan Chakhundorji orders more voyages down the coast. Several fleets of a dozen ships each set off, one to the north, one to the west, and one to the south. Meanwhile, the vassalization of the Haida continues (Turn One of Six), as trade and cultural influence over them becomes more pronounced. A Koryak merchant writes a book entitled The Decline and Fall of Koryakia, in which he suggest that, rather than the plague, it was an inevitable historical force that caused the fall of the old Confederacy. This fatalistic view is becoming more popular among the population, as exemplified by the national motto "Chiketa ghi ni" or "it cannot be helped". A new school is founded in the capital of Kodiak to teach languages, navigation and military tactics. As a result, the military expands, now mustering one uhlan of 1000 men. The navy is also expanded with two more large Fuchuan ships constructed, as timber is almost superabundant.
 * Fusahito Dip: The Emperor asks The Khagan to recognise the fall of the Ashikaga Shogunate and the creation of the Fusahito Theocracy.
 * Alyeskan Dip: Being Shinto himself, the Khagan is pleased at the increased power of both his religion and its head the Emperor. He gladly reconizes the Fusahito Theocracy and sends the Emperor a gift of five hundred walrus tusks.
 * Chiribaya: We continue to build up our economy and infrastructure.
 * Ayutthaya: Continues to experience a population boost. With the treaties signed with Aceh and the Khmer, our economy and influence grows exponentially. The plague in India, though of course horrifying, is a gift to Ayutthaya, as now all trade to China must flow through our borders. Negotiations begin with Padang for their annexation as a kingdom of Ayutthaya, given our excellent relations and their fading royal line. To seal the deal, Indaraja's daughter is married to the only heir of the Padang throne. There is a conference held in Ayutthaya, inviting Hindus and Buddhists from all over the region to meet and discuss theological issues. Surprisingly, the King insists that Muslims be invited, too to foster better relations with our neighboring friends in Aceh and Malacca. The Golden Army continues to train, and their extreme training policies spread to the rest of the armies of the Kingdom's. The central government thus argues that since the standing armies have the same allegiance and the same training, they should be united, with only individual militias being raised from the Kingdoms. The renovations of the city of Ayutthaya are finished at the end of the year, and new siege equipment - especially involving cannons and gunpowder weaponry - is empahasised in defense and offesnsive maneuvers. All vassals expand their militaries.
 * Mangut Nivkhgu experiences unprecendented military buildup. (Military Turn)
 * Eire: Eire, having built up trade and infrastructure across the nation for years, is in the process of becoming a modern European nation. Clans still remain. However, much of the new growth of the nation is in the new trade ports on the coast, settled by the Norse, or the towns at the hubs of the new roads. Indeed, many of the small towns from 50 years ago are unrecognizable compared to today. Eire seeks to show its power, and we invite monarchs from across Europe to tour the new nation. We also seek a royal marriage with a European nation to form ties. The military of Eire continues to be modernized. After years of friendship with Albion, a strange new dialect begins to emerge in coastal trade settlements. As the language divide in Albion has ended, and English becomes the tongue of all, traders from England and Eire begin to swap words in the trade settlements on the Irish Sea. The dialect, however, has not seen wide use outside of those settlements. We find that keeping the Southern Europeans away from our ports, who often carry diseases, helps us prevent the spread of the strange new plague. Our vessels continue to explore and trade with our northern neighbors, however, such as Scandinavia and some of the German states that are not affected. We allow Roman Catholic churches to spring up again, after the reunification of the churches, and many reactionary Eire-folk take advantage of it, having practiced their services in secret. Tales of Celtic myths continue to become popular amongst the nobles. (Mil-Turn)
 * Venetian Diplomacy: please see my turn concerning royal marriages.
 * Hesse: We continue making maneuvers to combat the plague. More bodies begin to pile up. A job named the Körper Keeper is created, or the 'KK'. A KK goes around with a wagon to pick up bodies to send to the mass graves. Ludwigist churchs, chapels, and cathedrals all around the country are also trying to help the infected. In the time of crisis, Ludwig II grants the regions under the different counts and barons more autonomy in order for them to do things on their own without the government helping. Sadly, Ludwig II falls ill in Ludwigsburg. The Royal Family is summoned to Ludwigsburg at once.
 * Caucasian Confederation: All the nations of the Confederation begin recovering from the plague, and expand their economies this year.
 * Ottoman Sultanate: The economy continues to be improved this year. With the stabilizing economy, the Sultan orders the construction of three top-of-the-line ships in the port city of Mesopotamia (Pita, please let me know where you would like the port to be located, it is up to you). These ships, when completed, will begin with a tour of the Persian Gulf, and then eventually to India. Meanwhile, the Sultan continues to send political and religious figures to Levant and Judea to influence the vassalization of the region, to ensure that there is no conflict among the ethnic and religiously-diverse region. He is pleased to be greeted with Venetian officials who also wish to see the region under Ottoman control.
 * Oyo: The Oyo continue their push into Mali, with Olorun gaining the hearts and minds of the Malian people by approaching them as his own nation given his heritage. So far, the Malians have offered no real unified stand against the Oyo advance. Back home, the plague begins to sputter to a halt, given the extraordinary efforts Oyo has gone to to contain it. Those infected with the plague have either regained their health, or died off, no longer threatening the rest of the population with the danger of infection. Work on the navy has resumed with the plague having passed as a danger, and the production of nlanla and yanyan ships has resumed. Three nlanla and seven yanyan are currently under construction, and trade with the Europeans has resumed.
 * No this is not a plague that just goes away, it lasts years and causes massive casualties. EVERYONE is expecting nearly 10% of population death and in the case of highly urban nations 20-25% -Feud
 * Yemen: The Emir continues funding the scholars. Little progress is made, but the Emir refuses to give up. He continues to slightly open up ports to trade again, but continues with strict regulations to keep spread of the plague at a minimum. The Emir continues vassalization of Oman.
 * The Tartary finishes its process of integration of the Azovan Khanate, forcing it into vassalage as its small population, rapidly ailing, cannot withstand the independence to the larger nation's focus. Instead, it can focus on effectively controlling the plague, which slows down its spread, although continues to infect and kill many. The population, however, remains positively growing. The eastern half is less affected, and many people begin to flee there, founding new cities in the area. The Mastoravic faith, being centralised, adopts the Christian ideology of heaven during this period, quite affected by the illness.
 * Great Perm is very badly hit by the illness. The economy stops growing, as does the population.
 * Adyghea is still not hit by the plague, and the population and economy grow quite quickly from fleeing people hearing the news of sickness farther north and east.
 * Kazakhstan's war starts to fade, as some of the Islamic clans are slain by the pro-ruling coalition.
 * The Azovan Khanate continues to suffer from the illness.
 * Trier: We upgrade our military and economy. The states around us are influenced. Trade routes are established, opening trade among Hesse, Cologne, and Austria and her vassals. We dedicate this turn to infrastructure expansion, building several defenses, and roads to link towns across the nation. Fortifications around our capital are improved and updated.
 * Zapotec: Tlaco II expands Danibaan's influence in the surrounding city-states by way of the Zapotec Alliance. Roadways connecting cities in the alliance help merchants and soldiers move more freely between them. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. In the coastal regions under Danibaan's influence, more boats are created. Tlaco orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Daibaan continues expanding into the surrounding city-states north along the gulf coast. Trade with the Aztecs commences after years of stagnation under Tlaco I.
 * Milan: Work continues on the Certosa di Pavia, the Castle Visconteo, and on the extensive Milan Cathedral. We continue training a proper standing army, utilizing Swiss mercenaries and local recruits. With border disputes now settled between the nations of Austria and Switzerland, we continue opening friendly relations with both nations in hopes of repairing our diplomatic relations and protecting our northern border. We continue constructing cogs and galleys to strengthen our navy and protect our interests on the seas. We upgrade infrastructure, as do our vassals.
 * Novgorod: We continue the production of Koch boats, cannons, hand cannons, advanced crossbows, swords, and composite bows, increasing our military capabilities in case of war. The nation’s training and advancement of military continues. The recent classes of Koch ships are being manufactured in Novgorod. The town of St Patriksburg’s population grows a bit more that last year. As the construction of the town improves, the Kremlin finishes, trade becoming more in demand, the town gains slightly. Because of the trade road built with Tver our economy increases. After seeing a great success with the private schools in the cities of Novgorod, St Patriksburg, Staraya Russa, and Nizhny Novgorod. We start building another private school in Rostov and Yaroslavl. We complete building private schools in Torzhok and a private school in Staraya Ladoga. We upgrade our infrastructure.
 * Tver: We complete the construction of the private school in Tver and we start the new one. We upgrade our economy because of the trade established between Yaroslavl, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We upgrade our infrastructure.
 * Yaroslavl: We complete the construction of the private school in Yaroslavl and we start the new one. We upgrade our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. (Razor asked me to post this for him).
 * Rostov: We completed the construction of the private school in Rostov and start the new one. We upgrade our economy because of the trade established between Tver,Yaroslavl, Muscovy
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Forward: A large thanks to Kunarian for providing much welcomed, creative contributions to my Eleanor/Jacqueline story. Landshut expands its military. The population continues to rise. Grand Duchess Jacqueline and her council continue to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with twenty-five very large cogs being finished, and by 1470 a trade route is put in place. Such important places in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany, due to a longstanding trade deal. Continuing in 1470, Jacqueline commisions six cogs to sail around western Mediterranean coasts. The planned market center in Landshut continues to attract regional traders. In religious news, the country begins converting to the Western Netherlander church. By the end of this year, around 75% of the country adheres to the Western Church. Most adherents live around Munchen and Landshut. In other news, Bavaria continues implementing the Alliance and Merchant Act as well as the Militia and Navy Act. Jacqueline continues efforts to implement Sedevacantist policies in the government, being much more religious than her father. The Grand Duchess continues to make new titles for her nobles and grants them more privileges. Jaqueline continues to divide Bavaria into provinces and counties; As the year moves on, Jacqueline places several loyal tax collectors and exchequers in each county to simplify the taxing process. She also places several court favorites in mayor positions in Munich, Regensburg, Straubing, and Bamberg. In other news, economic turbulence sets in as merchants cease their trade, both in protest of Jacqueline's rule and the lack of a solid trading center in Landshut, to which most of the merchant class has grown accustomed to using. Tax collectors in cities are able to collect taxes efficiently, so the lower classes are not as unrestful as the merchants. However, in seeing the gratuitous gifts and privileges the nobles are having bestowed upon themselves, the lower classes begin to squirm under Grand Duchess Jacqueline. Even some nobles, those envious of Albrecht von Ingolmaacht and his power, move against her. Ingolmaacht himself continues to draw scandal and intrigue at Trausnitz, where he begins to fear for his safety and standing. By May, Eleanor, with her large forces numbering 9,000, declares war on Jacqueline and re-enters Bavaria on May 11. Over the course of the year, Eleanor makes Munich her capital and is able to claim the city without a lengthy siege. As the plague wears on, several small villages fall easily to Eleanor's forces. However, the forces themselves are not impervious to disease, where as many as 600 die throughout the month. To make up for these losses, several merchants around the country flock to Eleanor's banner and join her cause, abandoning Jacqueline. By November, the Battle of Ingolstadt takes place, where a force of 6,000 Bavarian mercenaries defeat 4.500 soldiers loyal to Jacqueline.After this battle, Eleanor's legitimacy in Bavaria is fully solidified and most of the population pledge allegiance to her. In other news, Jacqueline orders the re-inforcement of Landshut and Straubing, hoping to hold of at least two major cities against Eleanor. Curfews and mass graves are also put into place to curb the effects of the plague. Eleanor does the same with her cities, not wanting to spread infection that will most definitely hurt her forces.
 * Munchen: By 1472, the total class of Queen Isabell University amounts to about 3300 men. Troops authorized by Jacqueline abandon her banner and join Eleanor. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. In recent news, unemployment begins to crawl upward after the suspension of the Roscol Bank in Landshut. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Jacqueline continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Jacqueline abandon her banner and join Eleanor. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Jacqueline abandon her banner and join Eleanor. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Jacqueline abandon her banner and join Eleanor. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Jacqueline continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Jacqueline continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * Wurzburg: Troops authorized by Jacqueline abandon her banner and join Eleanor. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Wurzburg joins Eleanor's call to arms. The suspension of the Roscol Bank further fans rebellious flames. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.

1473
'''Outraged that they would be prompted to bend a knee to the dukes of Hesse, the Archbishop of Köln refuses to swear fealty to Hesse. Archbishop Ruprecht of the Palatinate, a prestigious elector writes to his colleagues stating that no one of his standing in imperial law should be expected to swear oaths of such nature to a former Landgrave, lacking prestige among the German people.'''

'''The nations of Berg and Munster, having previously resisted Hessian influence following the Dutch War for Independence, are outraged that their land would be so swiftly seized into the crown lands of the nation of Hesse, and declare independence in an effort to win back the support of their people and their former titles. An alliance is brokered between the Wettin family and the seceding nations, who promise to aid against a potential war against Hesse if they do not relinquish claims to their seized territory. (Munster: 10, 10, 10; Berg: 5, 5, 5; Saxony: 10, 7, 5; Thuringia: 9, 10, 6; Koln: 3, 5, 12)'''

'''A famine hits the Tartary, as many peasants die of plague and others stop sending their yields to the cities and markets on fear of contracting it. While the political situation is stable, economically, the nation suffers.'''

'''Heavy trade cities such as Genoa, Hamburg, and Venice begin to suffer as the Spanish cities of Barcelona and Seville were with thousands being infected and spreading the disease like wildfire. While Venice has managed to somewhat quarantine and lessen the impact of the disease she still sees the same moderate trade loss as the disease begins to affect the sources of most Mediterranean trade.'''

'''The war between Oyo and Mali continues. However, the disease brought through trade begins to affect both nations as their armies and to some degree their populace begins to suffer from deaths brought by the disease. Oyo's current primitive quarantine is somewhat effective but prevents spread of the disease to tribal areas of different ethnicity than Oyo's main population.'''

A royal marriage is arranged between the daughter of Rao Rid Mal and the Maharana Udai Singh I which sets up the Mughal Empire to be potentially inherited.

'''In Ayutthaya, increased Buddhist pressure against the Islamic faith leads to Islamic mullahs preaching their faith to the people. The Islamic faith grows in some parts of the country.'''


 * Just a note- Ayutthaya had prominent Buddhist influences, yes, but also as many Hindu ones. Interfaith problems weren't ever really a big deal here.

'''Following Heinrich von Lauenburg’s uneventful reign as chancellor of the Holy Roman Empire, Frederick I, Elector Palatine announces his intentions to run. A hero of the Swabian war, and leader of troops alongside Ulrich V, Frederick “the Victorious” is an easy choice for Swabians and most southern Germans, who view him as a symbol of their victory right behind Ulrich himself.'''

'''Moderator Announcement: Avoiding mod events directed at your nation is severely punishable in game. As someone who has started looking over the fairness of events the events have proceeded to get much better and most are fully warranted. This particularly pertains to the disease. Attempting to avoid the plague presented currently is severely punishable - period. 10-15% is the norm. Please plan for such. Avoidance can result in the plague hitting your nation harder than others. Please do not make us do that. -Feud'''


 * How far has the plague spread? India in the East and Castile in the West, right? No farther?

The Pope remains the leader de jure.
 * Prussia: The Prussians continue to convert to the Western Church. The Prussians begin to build their army. The amount of people killed by what some people call the Persian Plague continues to grow. Prussia's cemeteries and churchyards continue to grow.
 * Courland: The Curonians also begin developing their economy and military. The Curonians also continue converting to the Western Church. The Curonians continue to have problems burying the vicitims of the plague.
 * Ossel-Wiek: Ossel-Wiek also begins developing their economy and military. Ossel-Wiek also begins converting to the Western Church. Ossel-Wiek continues to dedicate more of its limited territory to burying the dead.
 * Alexandria: Trade continues to increase as the ports are re-established and more people are converted to Coptic Christianity due to the See of Saint Mark's presence, including those of the True Faith. Dignitaries and soldiers from Grigorios remain in the Nile Delta region to help Aiguptia and Brother Ibrahim stabilize Aiguptia. Resources and military are sent to to Aiguptia to build and protect  the canal as that process continues and workers are encouraged to go seek out this opportunity - especially minority groups. The Philadelphi Canal opens to light traffic and medium sized ships, but traffic is carefully monitered due to the plague . At many points though the canal is still being widedend so two or three ships can pass. This leads to growth of the economy. Christians in North African nations are invited to immigrate to Alexandria . Missionaries and dignitaries remain in the Nubia region hoping to convert and influence some of the Nile cities (turn 2). The land acquired from Yemen by the Red Sea sees a small port town established for sailors and merchants to rest before going into the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean, there is a small increase in population as more people look to get into the trade business. Officials here plan for immigration, and balancing that with living conditions that must be kept up to minimize the plague's deadly effect. Alexandria continues to worry about the plague and takes mild precautionary action and inspects goods and traders, but the toll continues to rise. No animals are allowed to be transported through Alexandria or Cairo until further notice. In the Province of Judea: they continue to raise up soldiers to protect both Christian, Islamic and Jewish pilgrimages. Taxes are not like those in Alexandria where they favor Christians, but rather equal for all three of these religions. Small amounts of conversions take place mainly converting Christians to Coptic Christianity. Alexandria declares war on the Sultante of Egypt with 10,000 of its own soldiers, Siege equipment is brought down.
 * Aiguptia: Continues to stabilize the nation. Engineers, cartographers and philosophers from all trade partners are offered jobs to work on expanding the Philadelphi Canal to take on present day cogs, treasure fleets and other ships. The canal is opened for medium ships and light traffic and is expected to fully open in 1474/75, and undergoes final preps for its initial opening. Workers flow in seeking work and benefits that stream from the jobs, even those from disorganized areas of the former Mashriq Sultanate and the new Sultanate in Egypt, especially since some are trying to escape the plague. Aiguptia increases efforts to house these immigrant workers. Citizens and people in the surrounding regions and province are converted to Coptic Christianity. Missionaries continue to convert people, especially in Cairo. Cairo also attracts many in anticipation of the canal. The city at the crossing point of the canal OTL Zagazig, begins to be filled by merchants and people looking to get involved in the trade industry, but becomes known for poorer living conditions and being put at risk for the plague. Military continues training of European tactics picked up from Rome and other Catholic nations that assisted Alexandria, and more military are recruited fearing violence from the new nation to the south. Declares war on the Sultante of Egypt and contributes 10,000 soldiers and militia raised and trained for the process over the past few years.
 * Rumanian Dip: We send 5000 troops to assist the Alexandrians in their crusade for Christianity.
 * Netherlands: Maurice's second marriage is to a Flemish Noble, who is proclaimed the second Queen consort of Maurice's reign. Efforts to ease the plague ridding areas continue. Trading is still called off as the borders and ports are shut down until the plague dies down. With tensions running high along the borders to the East between Hesse and Munster Maurice pledges to stay out of the conflict as long as Germans do not cross the border into Netherlander territories. All access through the rhine is also cut off to prevent the plague from going up or down the river though this will hurt the german states it is realized that this is to prevent illness from spreading further. naval build up continues.
 * Aztec Empire: We expand the military. Fortifying the forts around the empire continues. Trade continues. Political tensions begin to rise between the Zapotec and the Aztec. Emperor Montezuma II [53] grows very old and begins to dedicate more time to worshipping the one almighty God. Increased relations between the Mayans and Aztecs are underway as the two begin to become more friendly. Fishing ships are built. Hospitals are built. Cuachtemoc [43] organizes the military increasing their training.
 * Guaymi: The mining systems have brought up a large amount of minerals and precious metals allowing for a new coin system to be made to help transform the barter system to a coin for good system. This helps expand the economy as the Emperor now seeks to find other tribes/nations for trading. The harvesting of copper, steel and gold allow local blacksmiths to create new swords, shields, and spears for the army, enhancing the previous weapons. The new armaments attract an additional 500 soldiers to the nation's army, as well as 40 Bowmen. The nation of Guaymi begins to see a population boom as the population is now up to 18,500 across the nation, including Ngobe-Bugle. While primarily an economy and military turn, Emperor Tiarokwete sends a fellowship of ten soldiers, three bowmen, and four cartographers, along with dubious amounts of food and supplies, to go east until they find a new water source, (Turn One of Four). Also the road linking system between Guaymi and Ngobe-Bugle is expected to be completed early next year uniting the two lands and creating one Guaymi nation.
 * Ngobe-Bugle: Part of the nations population boost occurs here as more people in the city desire more children to help with work. Jigathiu experiences an increase in the rate of migration to the central city, bringing the population of the city to 3000. The Ngobians accept and begin to use the new currency system created by the Emperor. Most of the year is spent building up the army and continuing to work on developing the newer city of Jigathiu with housing for families and two small schools.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The disease continues killing many. The king attempts to avoid such an event but it fails only spreading it harder in regions of Basel, Lorraine and Burgundy - as well as in Sardinia where it kills hundreds without seeming any cause. The death toll reaches a half million since the start and many corpses accumulate throughout the domains, impelling the need for a better way to avoid the kingdom and bringing many to doubt the king's might on the French monarchic lands. This is even more acute in regions like Sardinia far from the central government. The vassalage of Aargau continues as well as the vassalage of Foix. France begins pulling out of Tunisia expecting to have captured a huge amount of the country (16 - 18%) by the end of the war next year. When the king decides that it's the best moment to invade (expecting the infection kill enough in Tunisia or to have less resistance). Soon they swarm to the nation of North Africa after jumping into Tunisia from Sardinia. 200,000 men leave the island with several siege units in order to not to fail as the previous king had. The campaign in North Africa is well recognized as the hardest of all wars France may cross as it was its predecesor. The capture of a few cities along the coast begins with thousands of Frenchmen launching themselves into melee combat and close combat in the small cities of the Tunisian coast. Several fleetships coming from Sardinia and Southern France soon swarm the coastline expecting to destroy the Tunisian fleetships when they show up. de death toll reaches a million in France itself and it lacks of an official number outside the main domains of the king.
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up. Economy expands. The infection rages on killing many in the region. Sends military aid to France.
 * Albret: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region. Sends military aid to France.
 * Nemour: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region. Sends military aid to France.
 * Guyenne: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region. Sends military aid to France.
 * Berry: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region. Sends military aid to France.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region. Sends military aid to France.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region. Sends military aid to France.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Armagnac: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region. Sends military aid to France
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Sardinia: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region. Some begin to question the king of France's choices and begin wondering about establishing their own state. Sends military aid to France.
 * Basel: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Mapuche:  The road system is now complete, greatly enhancing the Mapuche economy. Trade across the territory and with other tribes and nomads grows exponentially. The written language grows more widely utilized. The coppersmith apprentice hones his craft and experiments with new ways to produce stronger materials, though he still wishes he could discover a stronger base metal with which to work. There are 16,386 Mapuche at the year's end.
 * Portugal: Continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Leiname. By this time, the colony in Leiname starts to export wheat to Portugal. Meanwhile, some Portuguese explorers continue to explore the African coast. The Açores continue to be settled. Meanwhile, Urraca gives birth to a boy, who is named Antônio.
 * Venetian Republic:
 *  Books on various topics spread from Venice throughout Europe, continuing the Renaissance. Printed in the Venetian language, they teach of the sciences and humanities and revive learning, spreading knowledge (as well as the language) far and wide. .
 *  With the increased supply of Ducats, the fluidity of European trade increases with Ducat using nations benefiting most. 
 *  Many people sentenced to death are drowned in the canals as is the Venetian tradition. The tradition is becoming the primary way to execute criminals and is spreading to the Venetian territories across Europe. 
 *  Fine wool and silk clothing from Titani is exported across the Mediterranean and Black Sea and begins to set the trend in Renaissance clothing. 
 *  Venetian trade reaches across the known world. Merchant ships carry salt, silks, glass and a collection of other goods, both common and rare. Venetian traders are the largest carriers of trade in Europe, with the thousands of ships and a trading tradition continuing to fuel this. 
 *  The Roscol Bank uses local subsidiaries all across Europe to fund trade, with a leaning toward funding trade with Venice. They also fund enterprises across the continent, boosting the economies of the nations which they inhabit. The Roscol Bank invests conservatively. While this doesn't bring in as much wealth as other nations' banking, such as the Dutch, it results in a much more robust level of equity. 
 *  Due to the stability of business and protection afforded to private enterprise in Venice, many merchants set up shop in the city despite being foreign, utilising the Venetian law to protect their businesses. Criminals and a less divided merchant class mean prosperity for all those involved with Venetian business in some way. 
 * In Veneto Christofo sends letters across Europe to see if there are any eligible grooms and brides for the various Roscol children (GET YOUR ROYAL MARRIAGE HERE!) before they reach the age of 20: Dragano (second son of the Doge and shaping up to be a capable warrior) who is 14 and Giovanni (second son of the Doge's younger brother and a timid but clever boy) who is 10. Princess Ida arrives and is kept safe in the Doge's palace until Medardo returns from Bavaria. Lucia, first daughter of the Doge, is sent off to Hesse to marry Wilhelm. Coletta, is bethrothed to Adolf but the Doge will not risk sending her anywhere until the plague is over. The Doge also requests that Hesse send Eva to meet with Christofo once the plague subsides. All children shall be married once they both reach the age of 14 although the Doge does not approve of co-habitation until both are at least 16. The plague causes the Sigilar Collegantia to form close ties, as they work together to minimise deaths, they all implement Salute Pretors (magistrates of health) to take actions to keep people healthy and to keep the plague at bay. The Consegio de Fe moves to establish the governing principles of the Venetian Church, which at the moment is just a glorified Catholic sect. Propaganda supporting the Venetian Church is spread, blaming lack of faith for the plague. The Tola de Savio Omni declares that Venice will seek to right the wrongs of the past and sets out propaganda against its historical enemy of Milan, even blaming them for the plague. The Order of Saint Mark numbers 43,000 now and numbers are declining steeply. The beliefs of the true faith are popular amongst commoners - especially those who feel the church does not practice the faith properly. Alexandria is the destination of massive amounts of pilgrimage from True Faith believers who also attempt to convert locals as well as settle down. The True Faithers believe that the plague is God punishing the ill of faith. (reaction to plague) The plague burns through the population, more than 50% of the population has been infected although the mortality rate remains at a lucky 10-15%, Venice is most affected and suffers at a rate of 15-20%. While the quarantine works to keep some level of control over the spread, the dockside and slum dwellers are heavily affected. The plague has stopping rising in how many it kills every month but keeps a steady level of deaths going throughout the year. The cerfew works well to keep order and stops criminals from taking advantage of the death of property owners caused by the plague. Christofo's younger brother Michiel falls ill with the plague, before a week is up he is dead, Christofo seals off the Dogado so that no one may enter or leave and brings all his family there. The Consegio de Salute carefully manages what supplies enter the Dogado. Economically, Venice is not suffering as badly as it would seem, the plague is eating through many of the slum class and trade still occurs at a good level. The Doge will not cut Venice off from trade, knowing that it would only be futile in attempting to stop the spread of disease and would only harm Venice economically. Venetian traders are actually now supplementing the lack of traders from various other nations that have completely cut themselves off from the world. This occurs particularly in the north where the Netherlands, Eire, Albion although Scandinavian traders continue to compete with Venice. (reaction to Bavaria for Cookie) The full Venetian force accompanies Eleanor into Bavaria, numbering 4000 after the plague this year. 2200 being from the various Collegantia and 1800 being from the Doge led by his son Medardo. Upstart Venetian nobles and entrepreneurial Ventian merchants follow Eleanor into Bavaria largely out of love for the "Merchant Queen" but also in hope of finding a better life in a New Bavaria than staying and competing with the Sigilar Collegantia that are coming to dominate Venice. (reaction to players) The Doge eagerly wishes to discuss the issue of canal access with Alexandria, and supports their foray into Egypt but due to the plague can not send anything but supplies in support. He sends an envoy, particularly one who has survived the plague, to meet and discuss the issue (on chat later today?). Furthermore, the Doge offers to help other nations in their printing industries (GET YOUR PRINTING INDUSTRY HERE!) via Venessian Stanpar by establishing large printing workshops in their capitals with help from experienced Venetian workers, largely to continue trying to counteract the attempts from Pskov to break Venetian influence in the north and east. The Doge also sends a letter to the the Ottoman Sultan offering to re-establish trade and to try to forget the issues of the past.
 * In the Free Port of Porto Tolle the military grows.
 * In the Province of Istra the military grows.
 * In the Free Port of Scutari the military grows.
 * In the Province of Albania the military grows.
 * In the Province of Zante the military grows.
 * In the Free Port of Argos the military grows.
 * In the Province of Attica the military grows.
 * In the Province of Mytilene the military grows.
 * In the Province of Candelore the military grows.
 * In the Province of Morocco the military grows.
 * Mil-turn
 * Epirote Republic:
 * In Epirus the economy grows.
 * In the Free Ports of Epirus the economy grows.
 * In the Province of Valona the economy grows.
 * In the Province of Arta the economy grows.
 * Eco-turn
 * Venetian Empire:
 * In the Province of Aegina the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * In the Free Port of Athens the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * In the Province of Candia the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * In the Corfiot Protectorate the military grows. Mil-turn
 * In the Province of Kaffa the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * In the Naxian Protectorate the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * In the Province of Negroponte the military grows. Mil-turn
 * In the Free Port of Ragusa the economy grows. Eco-turn 
 * ​Castile Dip: We wish to purchase multiple printing presses.
 * Venetian Diplomacy: Venessian Stanpar confirms the sale and begins planning the installation of three large workshops in the capital of Castile. Two would be owned by the Monarch but operated by Venessian Stanpar officials until Castilian officials are trained. One will remain under the Venessian Stanpar to generate long term wealth for the business.
 * County of Oldenburg: The plague remains a big problem. Although there are numerous casualties in all the towns and villages, the major problem is producing food and getting it to the towns. In order to counter this, Christian VI sends hundreds of comital serfs to the countryside to assist the farmers produce food. Despite initial success in increasing agricultural output, the good-natured deed merely results in further spreading of the plague. The East Frisian Islands stop accepting ships from the mainland. Neu Baltrum, the bastion of the Oldenburger dynasty (home as it is to Christian VI's daughter, cousin and cousin's wife and child) also refuses entry to all ships. Neu Borkum doesn't even hear about the plague, because no ships have arrived since its outbreak. Needless to say, the OHG's profits are not particularly good this year. Christian VI stops taxing the company to make up for it.
 * Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: Bishop Klemens speaks passionately in his homilies about how the plague is God's punishment for the disunity of Christendom under different Popes, and he calls for urgent dialogue between "Western" and "Catholic" Churches to resolve their differences and find a universal Pope . The plague continues to cause many deaths.
 * These differences have already been reconciled. There are now three "Patriarchal cities" that adminster the Word of God locally: Canterbury, Constantinople and Rome. The Schism is over.
 * Wow, I can not believe I managed to miss that. I'll work it into my next turn. Did the agreement accept the Pope as the overall leader though?
 * The Kingdoms of Great Albion (Scotland and England) - member nation of the UKGA: The Navy is expanded further with the integration of the Scottish and Breton fleets. The number now stands at 440 ships total. The coronation ceremony was a joyous fanfare, the King personally thanked the Castilian and Moroccan attendees. Under the leadership of the new king, the parliaments of Wales, Scotland and England ratify the equal representation act. Wales and Scotland will remain in union with England, but will now have their own parliament to better discuss local affairs. All military will be ceded to England. All three nations are renamed Great Albion. The membership of the United Kingdoms of Greater Albion has gone form four nations to just two, The Kingdom of Eire, and the Kingdoms of Great Albion to better consolidating power in the isles. The transition to a more open system is expected to take the better part of the next few decades. Port Edmundburg continues to experience a growth in population. Albionic settlers continue to explore the surrounding areas. The Albionic Royal Navy begins better mapping Africa for the Crown. After decades of cultural merging, a new, Celto-Germanic culture finally begins to take firmer root. The English language has grown in official use and now royal documents, previously in Latin, are now translated into English. Troops that fought in the Pan Hispania Wars return home and facilitate a minor baby boom. These experienced soldiers now train the army and navy commanders in advanced battle tactics. Minister of Warfare, Alfred Reddington, increases the use of firearms in the military. The King returns to Albion this year, Royal duties are discharged back to the King. All trade with plague infected nations are suspended until the crisis is over. All ships passing through the channel are monitored for any signs of infection. No ships except for Albionic military vessels are permitted to dock near large population centres. After years of stability in the currency market as well as the wealth of trade flooding into Albion, The Minister of the Interior declares the Pound to be an "independent currency" and begins the process of unpegging the currency from the Ducat. Plans are put forth to rename the currency to better reflect the whole of Albion. An outbreak of plague hits the Ports nears Swansea Wales, Panic strikes the population as local authorities attempt to quarantine the areas. Albion supports its Christian brethren in Alexandria.
 * Brittany: Brittany is officially placed under Albionic influence. The military and navy are expanded.
 * Calais: Military and navy are expanded.
 * Dublin: Dublin undergoes another remodel and expansion to the ports due to the massive influx of trade from Castile and Venice as well as an increased Eire trade.
 * Scotland: The new parliament begins its first session this year. Brian MacNeil is appointed as Royal Minister. Scotland begins to exclusively use the Albionic pound. Several new Consuete Churches are built. The Catholic Diocese, banned for years, has been allowed to resettle. The military and navy are expanded. Scotland sees a major population boom after the war.
 * Wales: Wales expands its military and navy. Cardiff becomes a large centre of trade for Wales. The Welsh appoint Adam Cyrdger as Royal Minister. The first sessions of parliament are held. Wales does not see as large a population boom as Albion or Scotland, but a minor one, centred around Cardiff and Swansea, does occur.
 * Venetian Diplomacy: The Doge sends an envoy, who has already experienced the plague and is thus immune, to Albion asking why they seek to unpeg the Ducat and the Pound. A pegging is not a one-way action and is regularly re-pegged to ensure that the two currencies are of proper exchange value. What the pegging does is centralise the exchange of currency into the hands of the Bank of Albion and the Bank of Venice and keeps trade free of extortionate money exchanges, on both sides of the currency. It does not make the currency any more or less independent. The Doge would ask, through his envoy, that if anything has been done to cause offence to the great nation that Venice and Albion work together to remedy the situation.
 * You're not immune after a single year. Nobody is. Cut that out. -Feud
 * If you are talking about my post, the envoy in particular is immune. He has experienced it and survived and is thus immune. Venice isn't, but this one man in particular is, and please don't try to deny medical science. Also, please get a better attitude to dealing with these issues. Don't just storm in and post in a harsh and blunt manner without even reading the post.
 * King Edmund states that the move was done for purely a more nationalistic purpose and is not sought to offend Venice, which is a longstanding and great partner in Europe. Albion feels that its currency should be free from foreign influence (again it is just a political move to pacify a nationalistic populace). King Edmund assures that Venice will still see the same trade benefits and exchange rates, there will be no money extorted from the Doge. Again, the King states that it is open to repegging in the future but wishes not to for the present time.
 * Rumania: Radu, now 39, begins to release some control to his son. The plague is less terrible this year; thousands die across the nation. The economy stagnates as the plague causes merchants to avoid travel and peasants to fall ill and be unable to work. The church struggles to keep pace with the magnitude of the deaths. Alas, they cannot keep up and many die without their last rites. This shakes trust in the church and many begin to question the validity of the holy sacraments. A rural priest begins to preach a tolerance and self guidance. He believes than anyone who does good deeds and helps others will reach salvation. The priest’s teachings spread like wildfire across the lands. Despite the sickness the printing press continues to spread across Rumania. Print expands rapidly as boyars demand books and text as to appear powerful and influential. Mircea II, now 18, begins to help his father rule this nation. He shows great promise in economics and even begins to help his father try to improve the economy.
 * The Consulate of Bulgaria: The new plague damages the economy this year, as hundreds of merchants and city dwellers are killed. Nobles flee the cities and escape to the less populated areas. The printing press spreads south into Bulgaria just as in Rumania. A new religious movement begins to appear in the North West, just south of the new prophet in Wallachia.
 * Venetian Business: Upon instruction by the Doge, the Venessian Stanpar (a Sigilar Collegantia) invests heavily in the printing industry of Rumania and Bulgaria. This is done out of hope that it will both undermine attempts by Pskov to take over markets concerning printing but also to help bring an important ally closer to a one-to-one footing with western European nations.
 * Mughal Empire: With his coronation and his mother remarrying, and the recent death of the Chagatai Khan, Mirza decides to focus on his Indian roots. He prints the laws in Urdu/Hindi (however it should be called at the moment) and funds the work on the woodblock print in effort to improve it. Mirza reforms the military, removing any possibility of rank-purchase and sets a defined rank system for the whole empire.
 * Southern Chagatai Khanate: The military reform follows in the Khanate and the arrival of the Hindu/Urdu-written laws. In order to maintain their position, higher ranked officials begin learning Hindu/Urdu.
 * Castile: The Castilian economy has massively swelled with thanks to the creation of the Spanish confederation and the addition of Aragon's trade and military fleet at Castile's disposal. Castile, as leader of the Spanish confederation, begins a series of economic and military reforms on all the kingdoms in order to expand all the local economies and militaries and centralize the confederation's economies in general. Castile at this point has explored farther down Africa establishing multiple trade posts along the way and reaching a point where the sea rounds the continent. However, the failure of supplies has led to this exploration fleet having to turn back. Castile has begun the development of a series of new ships meant to replace some of the aging designs and add some new innovations. The Castilian navy begins to replace multiple ships with the new carracks as some of the largest ships in the Castile fleet. The Castilian renaissance with the addition of Aragon's renaissance techniques has exploded significantly and with permission from the monarchy embroiled with organizing the Spanish confederacy and multiple projects the Renaissance has led to a mass amount of art and technological innovation being developed. Castile and its confederacy and vassals has now fully converted to the Western Church with the only exception being Cyprus due to its Orthodox roots and Orthodox leadership which prevents a total conversion. Castile finishes vassalizing the Kongo (Eight of Eight) using the trade, fleet basing and a promise to help them Christianize their brothers and seize more territory as a pretense for this. The Castilians begins to suffer issues within heavy trade cities of Gibraltar, and Seville as this disease begins killing many people. The Regent of the king and the king himself as well as the council agree to seal the king in the royal palace for the time being to prevent this disease from killing him. The Castilian royal army now numbering about 60,000 is mobilized and tries to contain the disease which has killed nearly 250,000 using information gleamed from the romans spread of medical and quarantine knowledge this is somewhat successful but for the most part the disease remains hard to quarantine and is relatively hard to predict or track. Castile rounds the Cape of Good Hope and sets up a relatively small trading post. A relatively ambitious ship captain outpaces his peers and maps out two more ports along Africa's newly discovered east coast but gets stuck in the farthest north one after a storm pushes him there marking first contact with the Malagasy people of Madagascar. The Kingdom of Castile is pushed down to a population of about 6.6 million now losing almost 250,000 people but with another 50,000 being infants with the Infanticide plague being thrown around as a name for this as it is widely affecting population growth. King Ferdinand is now 13 years old. Castile regardless of the plague organizes a fleet of 12 ships to go through the canal for trade and exploratory purposes with multiple ships being filled to the brim with supplies and others with trade goods. Three more unrelated ships push for mapping East Africa using the well established ports to do so.
 * Kingdom of Aragon: The country itself is placed in a personal union under Castile with Ferdinand of Castile ruling over both Castile and Aragon. The relatively good treatment of Aragon by Castile and the fallacy of actions of the previous king in burning various areas and completely razing Aragon's capital city have forever earned the enmity and hate of most of the Aragonian people, many of which believed they could continue their lives under Castile in a better fashion, with greater access to Castile's vast diplomatic, trade and military power. This, along with common religion and semi-related language, has led to a nearly seamless transition into the personal union. Nobles have been appointed by Prince Carlos of Castile personally who has personally overseen the majority of the war in Aragon which with his expertise, charisma and swaying abilities has led to many supporting his decisions on either side. Carlos himself is appointed the transitional governor of Aragon in order to facilitate a much smoother transition. The Kingdom's navy previously seized is returned to people sympathetic to Castilians and the military navy in particular is given to a series of respected and well known Aragonians loyal to Castile. Aragon's assimilation into Castile cultural base begins due to many nobles now speaking Spanish (Castilian) which shows a notable effect of a few people especially merchants which are currently able to speak the language proficiently. Aragonians spurred on by Prince Carlos to rebuild Zaragoza begin the work needed to rebuild the city and the various burned towns surrounding the city. For the time being, however, the capital of Aragon proper is migrated to Valencia. With Castilian assistance various infrastructural areas are rebuilt and the military is expanded to a token force of 4000. Along with this support the Aragonian economy recovers slowly with a slow but controlled influx of Castilian economic aid helping Aragon recover. The Aragonian Navy is allowed by Castile to move toward settlements in the Canaries down into Capo Verde, and according to Castilian trade agreements docks in Oyo for trade nearly doubling their previous range. This is pushed down further pushing underneath Oyo farther down the coast using Castilian trade posts to explore. Aragon suffers isease casualties in Barcelona and a few in Valencia, efforts are made to lessen the deaths.
 * Kingdom of Granada: The economy, while moderate, is expanded. The Prince of Granada is a Castilian noble named Juan Cortez who is extremely biased against Muslims due to his father's death in the original war against Morocco over Gibraltar. The countries armed forces also begin to fight the remaining Muslims in the mountains and begin the force conversion of the remaining Muslims in Granada. The military is worked on just in case. The Granadan kingdom begins to build up a moderate navy with the expressed example of reaching 50 ships over the next few years. The Granadan prince begins to look at the integration of Granada as a possibility due to the majority of the population being Western Catholic and Castilian. This is to be done over a long term period. Granada suffers disease casualties regardless of preventative measures in Almeria and the city of Granada.
 * Kingdom of Cyprus: The King of Cyprus is now King Alexander of Cyprus. The King of Cyprus begins to see Castilian culture not as a dominant force but a possible blendable culture that can fit well within Cypriot society. The economy and military of the country is built up as is the infrastructure with a nice road system being built throughout the country. Cyprus gaining large funds from being a Castilian trade hub, begins building a few ships domestically, and purchases ships from Castile, or her allies shipwrights forming a respectable Cypriot navy of almost 90 ships with expected expansion to come. This expansion has been achieved specifically thanks to huge amounts of outsourcing to private shipwrights. Cyprus begins to see an exodus of the Knights Hospitaller west to Castile and her territories and King Matthias begins a larger recruitment for the military managing to raise a force of nearly 10,000. This force is largely funded through the large trade Cyprus has gathered. The troops are styled after Castile's royal army and Cyprus embarks on an intense training program in order to bring them up to standards. The Knights, with many departing also have many older and other knights stay due to their close ties with Cyprus. They remain to run the Knights Hospitaller in Cyprus for the foreseeable future while a large number have migrated across the sea. The Kingdom of Cyprus due to the recent issues in Castile reluctantly recognizes Carlos and his Regency for Prince Ferdinand . Cyprus itself with its fleet of nearly 100 ships begins to take after the Venetian example with trade and begins to put Cypriot merchant ships into state possession for trade in order to help with the kingdom's finances and heavy trade. This show immediate results as a relative increase in funding and attention to trade between Castile and her allies begins to improve the quality of trade. Cyprus shows many casualties from the disease due to its trade hub situation. Cyprus sends about 1000 knights to Alexandria for her crusade.
 * Kingdom of Morocco: The less fortunate and disenfranchised are converted. The Kingdom itself is a Christian kingdom with a similar situation of early Castile and Aragon, with large numbers of Muslims and a small number of Christians. However, the Christian community in Morocco is expanded thanks to the influx of traders and settlers from Castile and some other immigrants looking for an opportunity to live a new life here. The Kingdom establishes its capital in Casablanca and with this, begins a major point of establishing a major military presence in the area. The infrastructure, particularly in dealing with transport and water, is expanded to accommodate more people but the only people allowed to settle are Christians - particularly from Hispania. A notable number of Castilians settle the area. The leader of Morocco styled a king, out of respect deducts himself in rank to Prince of Morocco as the throne is only to be held by the King of Castile himself if it's ever required. The country begins the construction of various canals and cultivates trees farther inland to help increase arable farmland. The Moroccan economy continue to expand with greater trade coming from Castile and the Canaries all the way down to Capo Verde increasing the relative wealth. The disease hits Morocco but not as hard throughout as in the cities as the country is much less densely populated.
 * Kongo: The recently vassalized Kongo and its Christian population begins to go on a larger "crusade" to convert its brothers in the region and begins a major program meant at taking the Christian areas and consolidating them into ruleable areas, etc. The Kingdom begins to work toward a trade and production economy focusing on helping provide resources for Castile's burgeoning West African trade network. The King of the Kongo converting to Christianity and being baptised begins to call for the expansion of ports to the best of the Kongolese architects' abilities. With the King also adopts the name John, in favor of the king who began these exploratory operations down the coast of Africa. The King also organized a band of Christian soldiers who help keep the peace who also begin to help with conversions to Christianity as a series of missionaries and high level priests from the Western Church have come on a ship hearing of many pagans and heretics to convert. The King does his best to begins expanding the military and economy and using the protection status from Castile and the whole of the Spanish confederation wages a secret war over opponents to the the few petty kingdoms claiming to own the entirety of the Kongo.
 * Hamburg-Mecklenburg: The plague continues to ravage the nation. Deaths in the capital begin to mount, and more mass graves are dug. Stringent quarantine policies continue to be implemented in an attempt to halt it. Essentially the only industry that remains open is shipbuilding, which sends its products to the Navy. On the return trip from making contact with the Kongo, the Hamburg ships discover an island after being blown off course. It is named "Schöne Blume" (OTL Bioko) after its beauty. A small outpost is established. Ruppin and Magdeburg continue fighting the plague.
 * Mayan Empire: Trade flourishes across the empire, and the Cult of the Divine Emperor becomes dominate. Roads are built to connect the empire, and we expand 20 px miles south.
 * Milan: Work continues on the Certosa di Pavia, the Castle Visconteo, and on the extensive Milan Cathedral. We continue training a proper standing army, utilizing Swiss mercenaries and local recruits. With border disputes now settled between the nations of Austria and Switzerland, we continue opening friendly relations with both nations in hopes of repairing our diplomatic relations and protecting our northern border. We continue constructing cogs and galleys to strengthen our navy and protect our interests on the seas. Our infrastructure is upgraded in our nation and in our vassals. Quarantine goes into effect in our nation to minimize the effectiveness of the plague. Ships are prevented from reaching our ports, having a costly effect on our economy, but luckily it seems to slow the spread of disease. Aid is sent to the Christian nation of Alexandria in their righteous war against the Muslims of Egypt.
 * Cuzco: Celebrations begin across the city as the war with the Aymaras has concluded. The territory formarly belonging the the Northern Aymaras is split in two: the northern half (taken in the first war) is annexed by Cuzco while the southern half (taken in the second war) is vassalized, given the name Qullasuyu, or the southwest regions. Military is improved following the war and infrastructure is expanded as well. The population hits 95,000, and to circumvent overcrowding, the King orders expansion south (by about ten pixels.) new roads are built. The areas annexed by Cuzco in the first war start to become more Cuzcan in culture as more and more people settle in the areas.
 * Wanka: We join Cuzco in celebrations. Military and economy improve. We send aid to help in the development of new roads and buildings in the conquered regions. Population is about 15,000
 * Qullasuyu: As the government transitons, unrest begins. Cuzco aid in infrastructure development, but no other development can be due to the instability of the region.
 * Bengal Sultanate: The decrease in taxes on the landed elite does its job in most areas of the Sultanate, decreasing the tax load on the peasantry and earning him their support. The tax cuts on the merchant class allow for more trade to be conducted, and a recent lax on some of the quota laws allows for more goods to be shipped from Bengal, greatly increasing trade income. Trade with the state of Ava continues, with influence being placed through trade on Ava. Cash crops continue to be grown in large amounts. With our merchants traveling to Ava, Koch, Ahom and Arakan regularly, Islam continues to grow in their nations. Most all trade roads begin to see much-needed maintenance. Due to Bengal having control over lands of multiple ethnicities and religions, literary works in the form of poems and epics continue to take influence from all three religions of the Sultanate. Urdu, also called Hindi by some, becomes more common in the Sultanate due to the mixing of Hindu and Islamic ideals. We continue to help finance the Plutocratic State of Jaunpur, Delhi Sultanate and Bahamani Sultanate by sending gifts directly to the nobles/sultans, offering loans from powerful trade bankers, and decreasing the trade taxes over all of Bengal, allowing more of our merchant goods to travel into those states. We also raise a portion of the Sultan's personal levy and then divide it out to be sent to the states leaders, so that they can do with them what they wish in order to maintain order in their nation. The construction of schools and universities several years ago has led to an increase is scholars and literacy in our nation. The Sultan's son continues to be tutored by scholars from three of the different major religions in the known world, Islam, Buddhism and Hinduism. The friction is defused between the landed elite due to a willing discharge of the Phay-sat schematics, allowing more landed elite to produce them, lowering their price and increasing their availability. Due to the removal of trade barriers between a majority of states in the Indian League, ours and their merchants begin to travel with increased mobility and goods, thereby increasing the trade income and output in the agreeing nations. The scholars from the agreeing nations on the issue of siege guns meet within Khandesh to begin to understand how to create a more powerful cannon. P eople begin showing signs of infection are being turned away. Merchants who die in Bengal have their goods and assets siezed, and trade declines greatly from fear of the plague.


 * Emirate of Andamana: Mansoor Basil Amirmoez continues to reclaim land on the island to make room for farms, and to have timber for building both boats and houses. The Emirate expands another 500 km into the island. The ships built by the timber from the island help contribute to Bengali trade. Continues working on economy and infrastructure.
 * Rajya of Orissa: Unlike the other vassals of the Bengali Sultanate, Bhandudeva IV is kept farther away from the daily politics of controlling Orissa, relying mainly on Islamic advisors sent directly by the Bengal Sultan. The advisors quickly persuade Bhandudeva IV to allow the Muslim settlers in the northern part of the Rajya to hold land south of the previously agreed living space. Continues working on military and infrastructure. Bhandudeva IV passes away, and the advisors vote in a Hindu successor, named Kapilendra Deva.
 * Swargadeo of Kamarupa: Now vassalized by Bengal, the Swargadeo of Ahom continues to receive extensive help in creating viable farmland. They do this by continuing a process of land reclamation in the northern part of the state, which is largely marshy and thinly populated. This process of reclamation begins by using dikes, embankments and irrigation systems. The Swargadeo (King) of Ahom passes away and his son inherits the Kingdom from his father.
 * Chiribaya: We expand ten km northwest. We also increase trade with Cuzco and its vassals.
 * Eire: Eire, having built up trade and infrastructure across the nation for years is in the process of becoming a modern European nation. Clans still remain. However, much of the new growth of the nation is in the new trade ports on the coast, settled by the Norse, or the towns at the hubs of the new roads. Indeed, many of the small towns from 50 years ago are unrecognizable compared to today. Eire seeks to show its power, and we invite monarchs from across Europe to tour the new nation. We also seek a royal marriage with a European nation to form ties. The military of Eire continues to be modernized. After years of friendship with Albion, a strange new dialect begins to emerge in coastal trade settlements. As the language divide in Albion has ended, and English becomes the tongue of all, traders from England and Eire begin to swap words in the trade settlements on the Irish Sea. The dialect, however, has not seen wide use outside of those settlements. We find that keeping the Southern Europeans away from our ports, who often carry diseases, helps us prevent the spread of the strange new plague. Our vessels continue to explore and trade with our northern neighbors, however, such as Scandinavia and some of the German states that are not affected. We allow Roman Catholic churches to spring up again, after the reunification of the churches, and many reactionary Eire-folk take advantage of it, having practiced their services in secret. Tales of Celtic myths continue to become popular amongst the nobles. We send aid and the Garda Celtic to Alexandria. We set aside our sectarian differences for now in the name of fighting infidels. (Mil-Turn)
 * Fusahito Theocracy: The Emperor completes military action against Ashikaga loyalists and attempts to retain economic ties with the other Daimyos in Japan. Ships from the former Koryak Confederacy are banned from landing in the Theocracy in an attempt the stop the spread of plague. At the same time, trade with other states is encouraged, causing growth in the local economy.
 * Alyeskan Khaganate celebrates at the return of the voyages it sent out. One, having explored the Alaska Peninsula more thoroughly, has returned with great amounts of ivory and news of a huge "frozen continent" to the north. The western voyage found nothing, but the eastern voyage reports that land extends to the east of the Hiada lands, which are further influenced - Turn Two of Six. Many young Koryaks join the Haida in raiding the coast, and a hybrid Koryak-Haida culture is emerging. The economy expands.
 * Ayutthaya: Continues to experience a population boost. With the treaties signed with Aceh and the Khmer, our economy and influence grows exponentially. The plague in India, though of course horrifying, is a gift to Ayutthaya, as now all trade to China must flow through our borders. Negotiations begin with Padang for their annexation as a kingdom of Ayutthaya, given our excellent relations and their fading royal line. To seal the deal, Indaraja's daughter is married to the only heir of the Padang throne. There is a conference held in Ayutthaya, continuing from last year, inviting Hindus and Buddhists from all over the region to meet and discuss theological issues. Surprisingly, the King insists that Muslims be invited too, to foster better relations with our neighboring friends in Aceh and Malacca. A prominent Islamic Mullah, Haji Abdul Rahman, makes a speech to the council urging interfaith co-operation, saying that "peace and prosperity, Insh'Allah, shall bring about truth". The King, a The Golden Army continues to train, and their extreme training policies spread to the rest of the armies of the Kingdoms. The central government thus argues that since the standing armies have the same allegiance and the same training, they should be united, with only individual militias being raised from the Kingdoms. The renovations of the city of Ayutthaya are finished at the end of the year, and new siege equipment - especially involving cannons and gunpowder weaponry- is empahasised in defense and offesnsive maneuvers. All vassals expand their militaries.
 * Caucasian Confederation: The brief abatement of the plague in the Caucasus is quickly broken, as contact with the crowded cities of Mesopotamia sends a second, more virulent wave of the unknown disease through the streets of the Orthodox kingdoms. As actually stopping the plague seems impossible with the limited resources of the Caucasian medical system, Mepe Boris commissions the Mepe Giorgi Memorial Academy to estimate the expected losses within each Confederate member state based on the recently-compiled 1470 census results. The construction of Saportu Alexandre - affectionately named Alexsaportu by its few residents - continues apace as the first wells are drilled, ensuing a steady supply of fresh water to the small outpost. The Georgian Navy, desperate to avoid the decimation of its sailors due to plague, begins sending its crews on extended voyages, increasing Caucasian military potential as problems with the kingdom's coastally-oriented vessels - as well as the fighting and leadership styles of its multinational recruits - are identified and gradually resolved.
 * Diplomacy: The Caucasian Confederation sends an emissary to the Kingdom of Alexandria to open negotiations regarding Caucasian use of the Philadelphia canal. The embassy's naval escort also offloads Georgian supplies to the Alexandrians in the war against Egypt as a token of goodwill. Additionally, Georgia sends ambassadors to the Ottoman Empire to co-ordinate future exploration efforts, and to the Sultanate of Yemen to discuss potential basing rights in Socotra for these planned expeditions.
 * Alexandria and Aiguptia Diplomacy: We are willing to open up negotations for the Philadelphi Canal. Please read the Compact of Philadelphi and we can go from there.
 * Rasulid Diplomacy: The Emir is willing to discuss the possibility of fleet basing rights in Socotra, though he is still weary about the plague.
 * Kingdom of Georgia: The MGMA estimates that one in seven of Georgia's 528,000 pre-plague residents will perish as a result of the pandemic, leaving roughly 450,000 citizens. Losses are heaviest around the nation's primary trade port at Batumi, where casualties reach one in four due to the inadequate infrastructure supplying the overpopulated port complex.
 * Kingdom of Armenia: The MGMA believes that one in nine of Armenia's 502,000 pre-plague inhabitants will succumb to the illness, leaving approximately 445,000 survivors. The royal court at Yerevan is one of the first victims of the plague, as Tagavor Zhirayr's weakened immune system finally gives out. His son Narek succeeds him as King of Armenia, while Sahak is proclaimed the legal heir to the throne.
 * Grand Principality of Assyria: The MGMA predicts that one in six of the 367,500 pre-plague Assyrians will fall to disease, leaving just 305,000 survivors. Mosul, already strained from years of low-level conflict and lying in the disease-ridden Tigris floodplain, is particularly hard-hit; by the time the plague finally subsides, the city will largely be a depopulated wreck.
 * Principality of Rani: The MGMA forecasts that one in eight Azeris will fall victim to the plague, lowering Rani's population from 300,000 to 262,500. Needless to say, the Orthodox missionaries in the province focus their efforts almost exclusively on Christians, and require anyone requesting medical assistance to convert before receiving treatment. While this measure does spur conversion, with roughly 20% of the population professing Christianity by the plague's end, it arouses significant discontent among the Muslim majority of the province. Were it not for the ongoing plague (and the large, well-armed presence of the Jarishuri), many court advisors feel that the locals would already be up in arms against the Georgian vassal-state.
 * Oyo: Oyo continues its war against Mali, crushing resistance where it is found, but sparing and assimilating those Malians who surrender peacefully. Olorun continues to use his ties to his Malian princess mother to gain support from the local inhabitants, and even marries an additional wife of Malian blood to gain support of the Mali nobles. Elsewhere, the Oyo government devises a plan to deal with the plague in a most unusual way. Understanding that the powers that be will not permit the plague to go away, the Oyo turn the plague on their enemies residing in the lands of Oyo. The sick are sent out to villages where ethnic minorities still opposing Yoruba domination reside, and force them to care for the Yoruba's sick. In the process, the non-Yoruba populations contract the disease through contact. This causes a chain reaction where the minorities, already suspicion of the Yoruba, avoid their cities, and go to other villages governed by those whom they trust, in the process infecting them as well. This causes the deaths of hundreds of thousands of people, sparing the loyal Yoruba, but killing the disloyal Igbo and Hausa in the nation. Life goes on, though some 150,000 city-dwellers across the nation have died as a result of the plague. Naval development continues with the construction workers no longer threatened by the plague, as it has moved on into the countryside where it continues its lethal work. The military remains healthy, thanks to Oyo's deticated medical corps which isolates infected soldiers, while teaching the healthy soldiers prevenative measures needed to avoid contracting the plague.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire continues to shift its trade to the west, although this slows down due to the opening/restoration of the canal in Egypt. Engineers and soldiers continue to help with the project there. Weapons and books continue to be sent to the Tartar Empire to help the Emperor Theodore defeat his opponents. With the weapons available to the Empire largely reaching a standstill, the Emperor turns his attention toward bettering the health and wealth of his people. To this end, he encourages the continued research into medical care and the expansion and construction of hospitals. Education is also seriously considered once again now that the times of war have passed the Empire by. To help do this, the University of Constantinople considers sending some of its scholars to other parts of the Empire to educate citizens that cannot make the journey to Constantinople. A prominent Latin from Patras, Carlo de Patra, begins his education at the University. He soon begins to amaze his professors with this imaginative and complicated designs and theories related to science and the physical world. (I will elaborate when I return). With the advanced medical research in recent years as well as extensive prior knowledge, the Empire's doctors are able to save people from the plague. However, many still die from either the plague or its complications, including the Emperor's youngest son, leaving Thomas the only heir to the throne. To protect him the royal family retreats to its Thracian estates. The Empire accepts the treaty regarding the canal and sends a small contingent of troops to aid Egypt in its war.
 * Albania: With the revolts in Italian Albania in full swing, the kingdom is not sure how to react. Many of the citizens want the war to happen, and some even move back to help the resistance. The government is much more neutral, concerned if the Roman Empire will back such military action and the thought of waging war on a nation that helped Albania gain independence. The national military is expanded and trained further as a result.
 * Yemen: The Emir continues to hope of some miracle discovery by the scholars. Still little progress is made, and the Emir is starting to lose faith in the scholars. The Emir also begins looking for a wife, as he realizes that he will need an heir to the throne eventually. The Emir continues to open up trade slowly within the realm, and he slightly loosens regulations of the port, though they are still very tightly regulated for safety reasons. The Emir sends an emmisary to Alexandria offering to join the war against Egypt in exchange for extending access to the Philadelphi Canal possibly. The Emir continues vassalization of Oman. He also prepares the army in the case that Alexandria accepts the offer.
 * Scandinavia: Scandinavia expands its economy as it expands by 3500 sq km in the Lapland area.
 * Trier: We upgrade our military and economy. The states around us are influenced. Trade routes are established, opening trade among Hesse, Cologne, and Austria and her vassals. We dedicate this turn to infrastructure expansion, building several defenses, and roads to link towns across the nation. Fortifications around our capital are improved and updated.
 * Hesse Ludwig II dies in his bed. His heir, Wilhelm I, is too young to inherit the throne. Heinrich III becomes Prince-Regent of the Grand Duchy. He threatens to pull out the troops protecting cities and take back all aid from the countries revolting. We offer the regions more autonomy if they accept to remain with us. In the event of war, we ask the help from all our allies. These include: France, Prussia, Hamburg, the UNC/Scandinavia, Netherlands, Eire, Austria, Bavaria, Oldenburg, and Albion. We agree to marry the children once the plague is over. We improve the economy.
 * Novgorod: We continue the production of Koch boats, cannons, hand cannons, advanced crossbows, swords, and composite bows, increasing our military capabilities in case of war. The nation’s training and advancement of military continues. The recent classes of Koch ships are being manufactured in Novgorod. The town of St Patriksburg’s population grows a bit more that last year. As the construction of the town improves, the Kremlin finishes, trade becoming more in demand, the town gains slightly. Because of the trade road built with Tver our economy increases. After seeing a great success with the private schools in the cities of Novgorod, St Patriksburg, Staraya Russa, and Nizhny Novgorod. We start building another private school in Rostov and Yaroslavl. We complete building private schools in Torzhok and a private school in Staraya Ladoga. We upgrade our infrastructure.
 * Tver: We complete the construction of the private school in Tver and we start the new one. We upgrade our economy because of the trade established between Yaroslavl, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We upgrade our infrastructure.
 * Yaroslavl: We complete the construction of the private school in Yaroslavl and we start the new one. We upgrade our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. (Razor asked me to post this for him).
 * Rostov: We completed the construction of the private school in Rostov and start the new one. We upgrade our economy because of the trade established between Tver,Yaroslavl, Muscovy
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Forward: A large thanks to Kunarian for providing much welcomed, creative contributions to my Eleanor/Jacqueline story. Landshut expands its military. The population continues to rise. Grand Duchess Jacqueline and her council continue to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with twenty-five very large cogs being finished, and by 1473 a trade route is put in place. Such important places in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany, due to a longstanding trade deal. Continuing in 1473, Jacqueline commisions six cogs to sail around western Mediterranean coasts. The planned market center in Landshut continues to attract regional traders. In religious news, the country begins converting to the Western Netherlander church. By the end of this year, around 75% of the country adheres to the Western Church. Most adherents live around Munchen and Landshut. In other news, Bavaria continues implementing the Alliance and Merchant Act as well as the Militia and Navy Act. Jacqueline continues efforts to implement Sedevacantist policies in the government, being much more religious than her father. The Grand Duchess continues to make new titles for her nobles and grants them more privileges. Jaqueline continues to divide Bavaria into provinces and counties; As the year moves on, Jacqueline places several loyal tax collectors and exchequers in each county to simplify the taxing process. She also places several court favorites in mayor positions in Munich, Regensburg, Straubing, and Bamberg. In other news, economic turbulence sets in as merchants cease their trade, both in protest of Jacqueline's rule and the lack of a solid trading center in Landshut, to which most of the merchant class has grown accustomed to using. Tax collectors in cities are able to collect taxes efficiently, so the lower classes are not as unrestful as the merchants. However, in seeing the gratuitous gifts and privileges the nobles are having bestowed upon themselves, the lower classes begin to squirm under Grand Duchess Jacqueline. Even some nobles, those envious of Albrecht von Ingolmaacht and his power, move against her. Ingolmaacht himself continues to draw scandal and intrigue at Trausnitz, where he begins to fear for his safety and standing. In January, Eleanor's forces suffer several defeats around Landshut, each amounting to about 5,000 men killed. However as the winter wears down, Eleanor is able to replenish her forces by about 1,200, mostly filled with veterans or healthy-non plague affected men. On February 3, the Siege of Landshut begins. Due to the plague and general popularity of Eleanor, the city surrenders after twenty days. On March 15, the Siege of Trausnitz begins. The keep is much more well defended than the city. Regardless, the castle falls on April 4 and Jacqueline flees to Austrian territory. Eleanor is proclaimed Grand Duchess for the second time on April 5 and immediately revokes the titles of all the noble families and imprisons several of them, including Albrecht von Ingolmaacht. The Barony of Ingolmaacht itself is dissolved. It is instead divided by several Bavarian and Venetian merchants, those who were supportive of Eleanor. On April 10, the charter of the Roscol Bank is re-issued and the Landshut Stock Exchange is reopened. As the month goes on, the population celebrates at the return of their queen.
 * Munchen: By 1473, the total class of Queen Isabell University amounts to about 3300 men. Troops authorized by Jacqueline abandon her banner and join Eleanor. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. In recent news, unemployment begins to crawl upward after the suspension of the Roscol Bank in Landshut. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Jacqueline abandon her banner and join Eleanor. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Jacqueline abandon her banner and join Eleanor. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Jacqueline abandon her banner and join Eleanor. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Jacqueline abandon her banner and join Eleanor. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Jacqueline abandon her banner and join Eleanor. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Jacqueline abandon her banner and join Eleanor. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * Wurzburg: Troops authorized by Jacqueline abandon her banner and join Eleanor. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Wurzburg joins Eleanor's call to arms. The suspension of the Roscol Bank further fans rebellious flames. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * In the Emirate of Sanafah, Chief Tiavina continues to be amazed by Priest Julio Marciano Gabriel, who finalizes his work to translate the Bible into Malagasy, which is currently increasing in popularity due to it now being a written language. Gabriel continues to teach Tiaviana's son Spaonsh, and the heir to the Sakalavan tribes begins to take a deep interest in the Christian religion. Cultural developments, like moraingy and salegy continue, and trade greatly picks up as the plague stops affecting other Swahili states. Meanwhile, in Sakalava, the focus of integration and standardization remains. Dina Morgabin and Dina Arobi also develop agriculturally, and therefore economically. Economic turn.
 * Sofala continues to expand to the south and gains many cultural elements from Sanafah and the island of Madagasikara. The Latin-based Malagasy language begins to spread, since Gabriel began his work in Sofala.
 * Merina and Betsimisaraka experience continuation of the internal improvements, subsidized by the League. Plans to merge the two vassal states continue, planned for 1480. The Sakalvan/Sanfahi culture spreads throughout the countryside as local dialects die out and are replaced with the Sanafahi dialect and some Swahili influenced words.
 * In the Comoros, the art revolution from Sanafah spills over. Culture continues to foment. The Comoros expand into the Seychelles. Similarly, Pembara expands to the south. Betsileo grows closer culturally to Sanafah and the Sakalavan states as the Princess and the heir to the Sanafahi state are married.
 * Hungary and all its vassals and puppet states expand militarily and economically. Poland expands its armed forces, too, increasing the strength of its troops by focusing on the training of more knights to fight for the nation. Sigismund begins to face a huge problem, although his children grow up happily. The ports begin to see a lot more shipping traffic and the crown earns a lot of money due to the Venetian agreeing with the trading deal. This helps bring in huge amounts of money for the crown - which is temporarily stored up with plans to use it later. Banu Sulaym now has a few small Hungarian enclaves on the coast, which are supported by a large number of soldiers, helping to keep the nation stable and strong against the enemies beyond the borders. The first ten Carrocks are launched from the dockyards and ports of Hungary, with their launch a great matter of celebration. However, there is a much larger problem - the plague sweeping through Hungary. To stop it, drastic measures are taken and whole villages and towns burned down to try to slow down or even stop the plague, whole cities have zones which have been quarantined and closed off. Medics are finally given priority and although many wild practices are put into place to try to stop the plague, some of first genuine ways to combat the plague begin to be revealed and thus the Royal Family and many High nobles thus begin to take regular baths and keep themselves and their surroundings clean.
 * Zapotec: Tlaco II expands Danibaan's influence in the surrounding city-states by way of the Zapotec Alliance. Roadways connecting cities in the alliance help merchants and soldiers move more freely between them. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. In the coastal regions under Danibaan's influence, more boats are created. Tlaco orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Daibaan continues expanding into the surrounding city-states north along the gulf coast. Trade with the Aztecs commences after years of stagnation under Tlaco I.
 * Kingdom of Italy: King Charles I continues the reforms of his father, and improves the economy and the military. Continues the construction and improvement of shipyards and production of new boats to combat in the Mediterranean. Territorial defense continues being built based on border forts. Relations with the Byzantine Empire continue strong. The Naval Academy in Taranto continues the technological research with Venice. The King continue to give new impetus to the culture within the kingdom and its vassal states, in art, science, etc.
 * Kingdom of Sicily: The army continue the process of assimilation of Italian tactics that spread through the Mediterranean, promoting the use of early firearms. The economy of the island is mostly cereal crops. Thanks to Italian support the exploitation of olives and wine grapes continues.
 * Grand Duchy of Tuscany: Improves the economy and the military. The economic prosperity of the previous years is accented with commercial junction providing by Italy and Genoa, and the city of Florence is the commercial nexus among all the Italian states. Frederick I helps promote economic prosperity, gives incentives to help manufacturing output grow, and improve access roads to make the trade more fluid and profitable. The army is formed to the image of the Italian army, with gradual use of new firearms that become quite popular. Frederick I became a great patron and the Tuscan nobles follow this particular policy. The artists, protected and maintained by the nobles and bourgeois rising, unleash their creativity.
 * Duchy of Genoa: Improves the economy and the military. The Duchy of Genoa continues trading from the Black Sea to the Straits of Gibraltar, using new models of ships with cargo holds of more spacious and allow greater profit. With the help of Italian military fleet, try to force richest commercial rights in Tunisian ports. In Genoa the boom in production of luxury items continue. The pressure of the Genoese traders in Tunis is growing, and combined with the presence of Christian missionaries, who at the same time serve commercial spies; is accomplished the capture of a lot of exotic products that are not easy to get due to the conflicts and trade barriers in the Near East, and the axis between Tunis and Genoa is strengthened. The Genoese economy restarts its golden age.
 * Duchy of Ferrara: Improves the economy and the military. The paper industry is forging ahead, and also the making of looms, making this duchy in one of the most productive in northern Italy. Duke Niccolo I continue the loyal service to Italy.
 * Duchy of Corsica: Improves the economy and the military. The exploitation of salt mines and silver continues. In the same way, the vine crops increase in extension and quality, and the manufacture of wine each year improves in quality and quantity, and is recognized as the best European wine. On the island of Corsica a boom of mercenaries continues. The Italian army started recruiting many Corsicans, making them a legend in terms of ferocity and skill in the skirmishes and battles.
 * Marquisate of Modena: Improves the economy and the military. Niccolo is dedicated to art and culture, encouraging painters, sculptors and architects that embellish this little Marquisate, leading Italian opulence to a new level. Marquis Niccolo I continues the loyal service to Italy.
 * Principality of Zeta: Improves the economy and the military. Dairy cattle production increases, and in the same way the manufacture of better quality cheese, they continue to be exported to Italy, Hungary and Byzantium. The Prince Giovanni I continues the cultural boom.
 * Vatican City: The Pope continues the campaign of evangelization in the lands of the Balkans. Missionaries continue to working in North Africa, especially in Tunisia, where they try to recover the core of Christians. The Pope like his predecessor condemns all those who come to the false churches that are being created in Europe. The nephew of Pope Callistus III, Rodrigo Borgia continue his ascent in the Roman Curia.
 * Order of the Knights of Malta: The Grand Master of the Order Piero Raimondo Camelot, uses his fleet of ten ships to patrol the central Mediterranean, also helping needy Christians. Military elements are improved, and the economy is maintained by the Italian and Sicilian support.
 * County of Provence: The reform of the administration continues, adapting the Italian model which has had so much success. Improves economy through trade and manufacturing cloth. The military camp is also improved, adding new equipment and Italian military ideas.
 * Duchy of Anjou: As in Provence, the Duchy transformation is performed. The economy and military improve.
 * Alencon: The economy and military improve.
 * Narbonne: The economy and military improve.
 * Vendome: The economy and military improve.

1474
'''The disease breaks the quarantines in Oyo, spreading very quickly amongst the population and infecting tens of thousands, nobility and peasants alike, more than possible for the quarantines to control. It becomes very clear - Oyo is not escaping this plague.'''

'''Love how blunt you guys are being. Haha ~Rex'''

The plague also spreads to Baghdad with a vengeance, as the entire environment of the Mansuriyya Caliphate is infected anyway.

A moderate outbreak occurs in Alexandria and its associated states as well as the Egyptian Sultanate killing thousands.

'''The plague begins to take its toll on the majority of Europe now with over one million being killed across the entire continent. Elsewhere in Africa, the North African States from Morocco over to Egypt, and as far down as Mali and Oyo begin to see the main outbreaks of plague with no end in sight all around. India and as far away as China begin to show signs of this plague erupting.'''

'''The Quimbayan society enters a period of stagnation. Their culture stops major progress. While this, the Quimbaya begin taking over the three caciques from Cartagena. The Motilons begin sorting out their influence taking advantage of the conflict in the west to gain control of the Catatumbo and the Guajireans. In the Muiscas from Cundinamarca expand and the first few groups of a new Muisca city-state arise in eastern meta department.'''


 * Mapuche: The written Mapuche language becomes more widespread. With the completion of the road system, goods and ideas move significantly more quickly through the territory, increasing trade dramatically and creating more opportunities for new ideas to present themselves. The coppersmith apprentice is taking a trip west into the mountains to hawk his master's goods and see what new substances he could bring back home. There are currently 18,025 Mapuche in the territory.
 * Hamburg-Mecklenburg: Deaths rise as the plague continues. Many search for an explanation of it, some believe it to be God's vengeance for those who believe differently from the Church. Others see it as Him punishing Hamburg for its loss in the Karelian War. Duke Friedrich, meanwhile, tries to calm the people while maintaining an effective government. Hamburg heeds Hesse's call to arms to subdue the rebellious regions. Hamburg also asks Alexandria if Hamburg could be allowed access to its canal.
 * Kingdom of Italy: King Charles I continues the reforms of his father, and improves the economy and the military. Continues the construction and improvement of shipyards and production of new boats to combat in the Mediterranean. Territorial defense continues being built based on border forts. Relations with the Byzantine Empire continue strong. The Naval Academy in Taranto continues the technological research with Venice. The King continue to give new impetus to the culture within the kingdom and its vassal states, in art, science, etc.
 * Kingdom of Sicily: The army continue the process of assimilation of Italian tactics that spread through the Mediterranean, promoting the use of early firearms. The economy of the island is mostly cereal crops. Thanks to Italian support the exploitation of olives and wine grapes continues.
 * Grand Duchy of Tuscany: Improves the economy and the military. The economic prosperity of the previous years is accented with commercial junction providing by Italy and Genoa, and the city of Florence is the commercial nexus among all the Italian states. Frederick I helps promote economic prosperity, gives incentives to help manufacturing output grow, and improve access roads to make the trade more fluid and profitable. The army is formed to the image of the Italian army, with gradual use of new firearms that become quite popular. Frederick I became a great patron and the Tuscan nobles follow this particular policy. The artists, protected and maintained by the nobles and bourgeois rising, unleash their creativity.
 * Duchy of Genoa: Improves the economy and the military. The Duchy of Genoa continues trading from the Black Sea to the Straits of Gibraltar, using new models of ships with cargo holds of more spacious and allow greater profit. With the help of Italian military fleet, try to force richest commercial rights in Tunisian ports. In Genoa the boom in production of luxury items continue. The pressure of the Genoese traders in Tunis is growing, and combined with the presence of Christian missionaries, who at the same time serve commercial spies; is accomplished the capture of a lot of exotic products that are not easy to get due to the conflicts and trade barriers in the Near East, and the axis between Tunis and Genoa is strengthened. The Genoese economy restarts its golden age.
 * Duchy of Ferrara: Improves the economy and the military. The paper industry is forging ahead, and also the making of looms, making this duchy in one of the most productive in northern Italy. Duke Niccolo I continue the loyal service to Italy.
 * Duchy of Corsica: Improves the economy and the military. The exploitation of salt mines and silver continues. In the same way, the vine crops increase in extension and quality, and the manufacture of wine each year improves in quality and quantity, and is recognized as the best European wine. On the island of Corsica a boom of mercenaries continues. The Italian army started recruiting many Corsicans, making them a legend in terms of ferocity and skill in the skirmishes and battles.
 * Marquisate of Modena: Improves the economy and the military. Niccolo is dedicated to art and culture, encouraging painters, sculptors and architects that embellish this little Marquisate, leading Italian opulence to a new level. Marquis Niccolo I continues the loyal service to Italy.
 * Principality of Zeta: Improves the economy and the military. Dairy cattle production increases, and in the same way the manufacture of better quality cheese, they continue to be exported to Italy, Hungary and Byzantium. The Prince Giovanni I continues the cultural boom.
 * Vatican City: The Pope continues the campaign of evangelization in the lands of the Balkans. Missionaries continue to working in North Africa, especially in Tunisia, where they try to recover the core of Christians. The Pope like his predecessor condemns all those who come to the false churches that are being created in Europe. The nephew of Pope Callistus III, Rodrigo Borgia continue his ascent in the Roman Curia.
 * Order of the Knights of Malta: The Grand Master of the Order Piero Raimondo Camelot, uses his fleet of ten ships to patrol the central Mediterranean, also helping needy Christians. Military elements are improved, and the economy is maintained by the Italian and Sicilian support.
 * County of Provence: The reform of the administration continues, adapting the Italian model which has had so much success. Improves economy through trade and manufacturing cloth. The military camp is also improved, adding new equipment and Italian military ideas.
 * Duchy of Anjou: As in Provence, the Duchy transformation is performed. The economy and military improve.
 * Alencon: The economy and military improve.
 * Narbonne: The economy and military improve.
 * Vendome: The economy and military improve.
 * Prussia: The Prussians continue to convert to the Western Church. The Prussians begin to build their army. The amount of people killed by what some people call the Persian Plague continues to grow. Prussia's cemeteries and churchyards continue to grow.
 * Courland: The Curonians also begin developing their economy and military. The Curonians also continue converting to the Western Church. The Curonians continue to have problems burying the vicitims of the plague.
 * Ossel-Wiek: Ossel-Wiek also begins developing their economy and military. Ossel-Wiek also begins converting to the Western Church. Ossel-Wiek continues to dedicate more of its limited territory to burying the dead
 * Rumania: Radu, now 40, releases more control to his son. The plague is worse this year; tens of thousands die across the nation. The economy stagnates as the plague causes merchants to avoid travel and peasants to fall ill and be unable to work. The church struggles to keep pace with the magnitude of the deaths, alas they cannot keep up and many die without their last rites. This shakes trust in the church and many begin to question the validity of the holy sacraments. A rural movement preaching tolerance and self guidance explodes across the south and into Bulgaria, it is called the Moralists. Its leaders believe than anyone who does good deeds and helps others will reach salvation. The priest’s teachings spread like wildfire across the lands. Many churches are looted by the new believers. These Moralists go to vast lengths to convert the disheartened masses who feel betrayed by the church. The army is sent to prevent the desecration of church monuments in the west. However, many soldiers turn a blind eye to the looting, as they themselves are caught up in the new movement. The plague continues to casue people to abandon their old beliefs and turn to the new church. Despite the sickness the printing press continues to spread across Rumania. Print expands rapidly as boyars demand books and text so as to appear powerful and influential. Mircea II, now 19, helps his father rule this nation. He shows great promise in economics and even begins to help his father try to improve the economy.
 * The Consulate of Bulgaria: The new plague damages the economy this year, as hundreds of merchants and city dwellers are killed. Nobles flee the cities and escape to the less populated areas. The printing press spreads south into Bulgaria just as in Rumania. A new religious movement begins to appear in the North West, just south of the new prophet in Wallachia. The Moralists movement begins to take hold of several of the northern regions and many hundreds convert as the plague continues to ravage the country.
 * Guaymi: The fellowship continues its route to find another water supply (Turn Two of Four). At home the Emperor pushes for a movement to create a written language to accompany the speaking language, and for all citizens to be learned it the offical language, believing that it will be official and in wide use by 1478. The population boost from the past year begins to dwindle as the nations population is now at 19,500 citizens. The roads linking Guaymi and Ngobe-Bugle has been completed, and houses have been built alongside the main roads, and the nation is now connected ( please connect two pink dots on map to form one unified nation ). The mining industry continues to go strong as more blacksmith jobs become available wiht the increase in demand for the newly harvested minerals. The new coin system has also been verifeid by the Emperor with three coins: Monosu (gold), Fifthsu (five of these silver pieces makes a Monosu), and Pintsu (ten of these copper pieces make a Fifthsu). The majority of the year is again spent on developing and training the military with their new weapons and shields.
 * Ngobe-Bugle: The new mining industries are not as abundant as the ones in Guaymi, but they are still filled with gold and silver, and some precious metals. New currency has been put into full swing in the province as the main year has been spent fortifying the captial city of Jigathiu with walls, guards and watchtowers. While the nation is not under any immediate threat, Chief Munushi is paranoid about threats from tribes from the south. The turn is spent building up the army and training them with new weapons from the new abundance of minerals.
 * The disconnect is to show a vassal - not lack of linkup. If you're annexing them fully then this is not a problem. Just make it stated that your annexing them and don't post as them as a vassal (it's just harder to read and takes up a lot of space if you're posting as provinces, etc). -Feud
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The disease continues killing many. The king attempts to avoid such an event but it fails only spreading it harder in regions of Basel, Lorraine and Burgundy - as well as in Sardinia where it kills hundreds without seeming any cause. The death toll reaches a half million since the start and many corpses accumulate throughout the domains, impelling the need for a better way to avoid the kingdom and bringing many to doubt the king's might on the French monarchic lands. This is even more acute in regions like Sardinia far from the central government. The vassalage of Aargau continues as well as the vassalage of Foix. Foix is declared vassal of France as Aargau, although the vassalizing effort continues in the later.
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up. Economy expands. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Albret: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Nemour: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Guyenne: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Berry: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Armagnac: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Sardinia: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region. Some begin to question the king of France's choices and begin wondering about establishing their own state.
 * Basel: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * County of Oldenburg: The plague CONTINUES to cause a high death toll. The Count issues a decree urging couples to have more children to try to make up for the population loss. Food production has managed to rebound, although at the expense of more widespread plague infection. People who have obvious immunity to the disease (ie people who have been around victims for a long time and have not caught the disease) are told to go to work and carry on as much as possible. The navy is worked on by the East Frisian Islands, which have managed to remain plague-free thanks to their self-imposed isolation. A ship is dispatched to both neu Borkum and the African outpost to inform the people there of the plague. Christian VI joins with Bishop Klemens in decreeing the end to Sedevacantism. The Count agrees to assist Hesse if a conflict over Munster should arise.
 * Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: News arrives in Osnabruck of the Council of Rome which, decades ago, healed the rift not only between the Catholic and Western Churches, but also with the Eastern Church! Bishop Klemens orders a celebratory mass to give thanks for this joyous (if slightly belated) news! In an official statement, Klemens decrees the official end to Sedevacantism, as the issues which it protests against have now disappeared. Klemens sends a letter to the Pope, asking for re-admitance into the Holy Catholic Church. Meanwhile, the infection rages on.
 * Portugal: Continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Leiname. By this time, the colony in Leiname starts to export wheat to Portugal. Meanwhile, some Portuguese explorers continue to explore the African coast. The Açores continue to be settled. Meanwhile, Urraca gives birth to a girl, who is named Joana.
 * Venetian Republic:
 *  Books on various topics spread from Venice throughout Europe, continuing the Renaissance. Printed in the Venetian language, they teach of the sciences and humanities and revive learning, spreading knowledge (as well as the language) far and wide. .
 *  With the increased supply of Ducats, the fluidity of European trade increases with Ducat using nations benefiting most. 
 *  Many people sentenced to death are drowned in the canals as is the Venetian tradition. The tradition is becoming the primary way to execute criminals and is spreading to the Venetian territories across Europe. 
 *  Fine wool and silk clothing from Titani is exported across the Mediterranean and Black Sea and begins to set the trend in Renaissance clothing. 
 *  Venetian trade reaches across the known world. Merchant ships carry salt, silks, glass and a collection of other goods, both common and rare. Venetian traders are the largest carriers of trade in Europe, with the thousands of ships and a trading tradition continuing to fuel this. 
 *  The Roscol Bank uses local subsidiaries all across Europe to fund trade, with a leaning toward funding trade with Venice. They also fund enterprises across the continent, boosting the economies of the nations which they inhabit. The Roscol Bank invests conservatively. While this doesn't bring in as much wealth as other nations' banking, such as the Dutch, it results in a much more robust level of equity. 
 *  Due to the stability of business and protection afforded to private enterprise in Venice, many merchants set up shop in the city despite being foreign, utilising the Venetian law to protect their businesses. Criminals and a less divided merchant class mean prosperity for all those involved with Venetian business in some way. 
 * In Veneto Christofo sends letters across Europe to see if there are any eligible grooms and brides for the various Roscol children (GET YOUR ROYAL MARRIAGE HERE!) before they reach the age of 20: Dragano (second son of the Doge and shaping up to be a capable warrior) who is 15 and Giovanni (second son of the Doge's younger brother and a timid but clever boy) who is 11. Medardo returns from Bavaria and marries Princess Ida in the quiet protection of the Dogado. Coletta, is bethrothed to Adolf but the Doge will not risk sending her anywhere until the plague is over. The Doge also requests that Hesse send Eva to meet with Christofo once the plague subsides. All children shall be married once they both reach the age of 14 although the Doge does not approve of co-habitation until both are at least 16. The plague causes the Sigilar Collegantia to form close ties, as they work together to minimise deaths, they all implement Salute Pretors (magistrates of health) to take actions to keep people healthy and to keep the plague at bay. The Consegio de Fe moves to establish the governing principles of the Venetian Church, which at the moment is just a glorified Catholic sect. Propaganda supporting the Venetian Church is spread, blaming lack of faith for the plague. The Tola de Savio Omni declares that Venice will seek to right the wrongs of the past and sets out propaganda against its historical enemy of Milan, even blaming them for the plague. The Order of Saint Mark numbers 35,000 now and numbers are declining steeply. The beliefs of the true faith are popular amongst commoners - especially those who feel the church does not practice the faith properly. Alexandria is the destination of massive amounts of pilgrimage from True Faith believers who also attempt to convert locals as well as settle down. The True Faithers believe that the plague is God punishing the ill of faith. (reaction to plague) The plague burns through the population, more than 70% of the population has been infected although the mortality rate remains at a lucky 10-15%, Venice is most affected and suffers at a rate of 15-20%. While the quarantine works to keep some level of control over the spread, the dockside and slum dwellers are heavily affected. The plague has stopping rising in how many it kills every month but keeps a steady level of deaths going throughout the year. The cerfew works well to keep order and stops criminals from taking advantage of the death of property owners caused by the plague. The Consegio de Salute carefully manages what supplies enter the Dogado. Economically, Venice is not suffering as badly as it would seem, the plague is eating through many of the slum class and trade still occurs at a good level. The Doge will not cut Venice off from trade, knowing that it would only be futile in attempting to stop the spread of disease and would only harm Venice economically. Venetian traders are actually now supplementing the lack of traders from various other nations that have completely cut themselves off from the world. This occurs particularly in the north where the Netherlands, Eire, Albion although Scandinavian traders continue to compete with Venice. (reaction to Bavaria for Cookie) With Eleanor largely back in control, Medardo returns with the men of the Sigilar Collegantia, the Venetian mercenaries elect to stay and settle in Bavaria, however, having become entranced with Eleanor's cause. The various Venetian nobles and merchants who followed Eleanor also elect to stay and settle. The Roscol Sigilar Collegantia thanks Eleanor for the re-estbalishment of the Roscol Bank in Bavaria and in return declares a day of alms and distributes food and coin amongst the commoners of Landshut in the name of the "Merchant Queen". The "Merchant Queen" is still loved by many in the Republic and the Doge, eager to see her reign restart well, sends supplies of food and medicene to help keep the people of Bavaria fed amongst the chaos and to help try to fight the plague. Many Venetians feel a bond of brotherhood with the Queen and her Bavarians, and the Doge hopes this friendship between their two peoples lasts a thousand years and beyond. (reaction to players) The construction of the three printing workshops begins in the capital of Castile, Venessian Stanpar invests heavily in the construction. However, the plague slows the process. The Doge also notes the letter from the King of Albion and understands the issue. However, he feels a ruler should rule himself not be ruled by his people, he dismisses the difference in preference for action on difference in culture and writes back saying "I understand and I hope that we will continue our longstanding relationship, if it should please you perhaps we might marry one of my sons or nephews to one of your daughters or nieces?" The Doge eagerly wishes to discuss the issue of canal access with Alexandria, and supports their foray into Egypt but due to the plague can not send anything but supplies in support. He sends an envoy, particularly one who has survived the plague, to meet and discuss the issue (on chat later today?). Furthermore, the Doge offers to help other nations in their printing industries (GET YOUR PRINTING INDUSTRY HERE!) via Venessian Stanpar by establishing large printing workshops in their capitals with help from experienced Venetian workers, largely to continue trying to counteract the attempts from Pskov to break Venetian influence in the north and east. The Doge also sends a letter to the the Ottoman Sultan offering to re-establish trade and to try to forget the issues of the past.
 * In the Free Port of Porto Tolle the military grows.
 * In the Province of Istra the military grows.
 * In the Free Port of Scutari the military grows.
 * In the Province of Albania the military grows.
 * In the Province of Zante the military grows.
 * In the Free Port of Argos the military grows.
 * In the Province of Attica the military grows.
 * In the Province of Mytilene the military grows.
 * In the Province of Candelore the military grows.
 * In the Province of Morocco the military grows.
 * Mil-turn
 * Epirote Republic:
 * In Epirus the economy grows.
 * In the Free Ports of Epirus the economy grows.
 * In the Province of Valona the economy grows.
 * In the Province of Arta the economy grows.
 * Eco-turn
 * Venetian Empire:
 * In the Province of Aegina the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * In the Free Port of Athens the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * In the Province of Candia the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * In the Corfiot Protectorate the military grows. Mil-turn
 * In the Province of Kaffa the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * In the Naxian Protectorate the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * In the Province of Negroponte the military grows. Mil-turn
 * In the Free Port of Ragusa the economy grows. Eco-turn 
 * Mayan Empire: We begin working on building houses for the population, and have a vast amount of slaves work on farming.
 * Soconusco: We ask for an alliance with the Mayans and Zapotecs. We begin expanding out by 25 (mod approved) px. We build up our military. We begin working on houses due to the slight population boom. This boom is due to a good harvest. Due to previous Aztec rule, their religion Influences modern practices of the Tehuantepec religion.
 * FYI your nation should be called Itzapam not Soconusco, they abandoned the name in favor of a new one for their start there is a mod event in the previous archive over it. Sorry for the confusion. Also slow down your expansion 25 px and below is what you should be at since your population is relatively small. -Feud
 * The Nation of the Oirats: Cement and iron increase in production. Iron weapons are now majorly used. As we increase in population, we slowly target our expansion northward. We expand 50 px to the North. We continue to develop our firearms. We continue to study the printing press and make more of them. We buy more books from China. We continue making more muskets. We now have 10,000 primitive musketeers. We begin building up our military and create even tougher practices. We tirelessly battle the Mongols.
 * Eire: Eire, having built up trade and infrastructure across the nation for years is in the process of becoming a modern European nation. Clans still remain. However, much of the new growth of the nation is in the new trade ports on the coast, settled by the Norse, or the towns at the hubs of the new roads. Indeed, many of the small towns from 50 years ago are unrecognizable compared to today. Eire seeks to show its power, and we invite monarchs from across Europe to tour the new nation. We also seek a royal marriage with a European nation to form ties. The military of Eire continues to be modernized. After years of friendship with Albion, a strange new dialect begins to emerge in coastal trade settlements. As the language divide in Albion has ended, and English becomes the tongue of all, traders from England and Eire begin to swap words in the trade settlements on the Irish Sea. The dialect, however, has not seen wide use outside of those settlements. We find that keeping the Southern Europeans away from our ports, who often carry diseases, helps us prevent the spread of the strange new plague. Our vessels continue to explore and trade with our northern neighbors, however, such as Scandinavia and some of the German states that are not affected. We allow Roman Catholic churches to spring up again, after the reunification of the churches, and many reactionary Eire-folk take advantage of it, having practiced their services in secret. Tales of Celtic myths continue to become popular amongst the nobles.
 * Muscovy does not need much convincing from Pskov to close its land borders to international trade without the goods first passing through "Quarantine cities", built and financed by Pskovian loans, of course, to prevent the spread of the plague in Russian lands. Pskov closes its land borders temporarily with Prussia, hoping to avoid this. While this causes the economy to stagnate this year, these measures, coupled with the "Quarantine city" built near Nizhnigorodsk-Na-Narve, substantially decrease the potential deaths to less than 1000 people this year, and this is hopeful. Novgorod is hopefully also convinced to close borders, especially with the Golden Horde, which is seemingly suffering the most out of Russia's neighbours. Pskov doctors are given plague victims to study in the College of Physicians, but make little progress determining the cause of the deaths. The best option seems to be simply quarantining and killing anyone suspected of having the plague. Being the Russian nation the most connected with the west, Pskov can't stop its trade, considering its economy relies heavily on the production of objects to sell, but start to turn to other Russian and especially Muscovian markets, and with the new influx of things, Muscovy's economy is upgraded a bit indirectly because of Pskovin product redirection. Trade with France has ceased completely, as well as with many nations of the plague. Trade of objects is only possible after a month-long quarantine, which slows economic growth considerably to the point of stagnation, but the bank's investments and the slight strategic depletion of the treasury and the strength of the zolotnik currency all stop devastating economic effects, and because of this books are published and the science revolition continues yada yada yada but at a slower pace.(since I built quarantine cities and instituted anti-plague measures to the detriment of the treasury and economic stagnation ... I hereby declare this turn Infrastructural)'.
 * Mughal Empire: Mirza continues the funding of printing research as Hindu literature progresses. Hindi must be spoken by all officials and traders and thus, instead of speaking Persian, Hindi and Chagatai Turkic, they all speak Hindi. The economy prospers.
 * Southern Chagatai Khanate: Events simillar to the Mughal Empire happen in the Khanate, and Mirza appoints the Khan's council which enforces all new laws made by the the Emperor-Khan.
 * Netherlands: Maurice's second marriage is to a Flemish noble, who is proclaimed the second queen consort of Maurice's reign. Efforts to ease the plague ridding areas continue. Trading is still called off as the borders and ports are shut down until the plague dies down. With tensions running high along the borders to the East between Hesse and Munster Maurice pledges to stay out of the conflict as long as Germans do not cross the border into Netherlander territories. All access through the Rhine is also cut off to prevent the plague from going up or down the river though this will hurt the German states it is realized that this is to prevent illness from spreading further. Naval build up continues. internal trade as the docks are closed off until the plague dies down a bit.
 * Aztec Empire: We ask for a war treaty with the Mayans, to aid one another if a war is started. We expand the military. Emperor Montezuma II [54] begins to grow frail and withered. He is simply a figure head at this point, as Cuachtemoc [44] runs the empire. Cuachtemoc requests a Non-Aggression Pact with the newly formed government of Soconusco. We begin to influence Atlocuapo once again (one of seven). Centralization continues, a consensus is taken, and shows the population hasn't increased all too significantly, as it hovers around the five million mark. The military numbers now rise to 72,000 warriors, and is the soul pride of the Aztec empire. Schools are built, as well as new houses to encourage population growth. The political tensions with Zapotec continue to fire up, but seem to sizzle down now that Cuachtemoc is basically in charge. The captain of the north, Huatlan [51], has become one of Cuachtemoc's esteemed military strategists, although Cuachtemoc and his son, Tezcacoatl [20], put together can win any war with military tactics. Quatzecoatl [16] and his younger brother, Toltecatl [13], begin joining in the ranks of the Jaguar Warriors, unlike the eldest son, Tezcacoatl, who joined the Panther Warriors. Xochitl [14], Cuachtemoc's only daughter, is now looking for a husband suitable to political connections throughout the empire, as the Warrior-King of Atlocuapo is looking very promising. With the explorations and trade up north, the trade routes with the Moundville, seem risky as, the East and West Moundville leaders seem to be wanting to break from Rektaw the Proud's fair rule. Icnoyotl [39] suffers a fever. The doctors believe it is contagious. They shut her out from visitors. The doctors and wisemen, seem to ponder on this. If an outbreak like this were to occur, why couldn't the shut out be done on a larger scale. If a group of people become sick, with a contagious sickness or disease, they should be moved to a remote area, to be treated, therefore, not to infect anyone else. Mining of gold and silver continues, as the treasury begins to fill.
 * The Tartary continues to suffer from the plague that has been wrecking the nation throughout the time. The population begins shrinking, and agricultural supply lowers as many peasants store their surplus, rather than risk going into the city. However, the plague causes urbanisation in the East, with the formation of several cities, most notably Obosh, which would later become a centre of Ob trade. The East continues attracting attention, most notably by some 500 Azovan Goths fleeing desolation in the Crimea. They settle in Nyadoros, a new town on the Ob river. This movement, however, expels the Selkup and Khanty tribesmen in the area. They settle on some towns, and begin farming and herding in a more sedentary way. To the west, Prince Tyushtya and King Theodore flee from Sarai, establishing themselves in a country house several miles to the west. Tyushtya weds an Udmurt princess this year, and soon she is with child. The Emperor decides he shall not look for a wife until the plague is done with.
 * Great Perm, a heavily urban nation, continues to suffer the brunt of the infection. As much as a sixth of the population has died, with far more to come. The economy grinds to a halt and the population shrinks, both from emigration and deaths. By the end of the year, an extreme measure of quarantine is established; except for those deemed immune (placed on food patrol), being out on the streets is strictly forbidden, for both the healthy and the ill. This is quite effective, and slows down rates of infection quite quickly.
 * Azov also suffers from the plague. Large amounts of demographic movements occur throughout the nation, with many Ukrainians dying and Tatars fleeing eastward.
 * Adyghea at last is hit with the plague. However, the several years of preparation lead the plague to hit the nation quite mildly, although many still die.
 * In Kazakhstan, the plague is both a boon and a bane, as almost the entirety of the Muslim noble family contracts it. The Manghud finally take over as only important dynasty in the nation, and begin centralisation. However, these plans shall only begin after the plague has run its course.
 * Scandinavian Empire: Scandinavia improves its military, especially the navy, as several galeasen are built this year. Breakthroughs on smaller galeasen are made. Known as the fregatt (frigate), these ships are smaller, but they pack an incredible amount of firepower.
 * Alexandria: Trade continues to increase as the ports are re-established and more people are converted to Coptic Christianity due to the See of Saint Mark's presence, including those of the True Faith, the Christian region of Alexandria is nowhere near as harmed as the Islamic region by the plague (due to better living conditions), leaving many Muslims to reconsider their faith. Resources and military are sent to Aiguptia to build and protect  the canal as that process continues and workers are encouraged to go seek out this opportunity - especially minority groups, which is seen workers begin to die due to tough conditions. To replace workers higher wages are offered and living conditions. The Philadelphi Canal opens to light traffic and medium sized ships, but traffic is carefully monitered due to the plague. Marina, Grigorios's wife dies at the hands of the plague. Grigorios, First King of Alexandria searches for a new wife to calm his loneliness. At many points though the canal is still being widened so two or three ships can pass. The Reclamation of Egypt wages on. The economy is threatened by stagnation due to the plague. Luckily, the war effort leads to many finding jobs creating weapons and jobs in taking the rest of Egypt. Christians in North African nations are invited to immigrate to Alexandria . Missionaries and dignitaries remain in the Nubia region hoping to convert and influence some of the Nile cities (Turn Three). The land acquired from Yemen by the Red Sea sees a small port town established for sailors and merchants to rest before going into the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean, there is a medium increase in population as more people look to get into the trade business and avoid the plague. Officials here plan for immigration but do not anticipate the amount of immigrants this year, and balancing that with living conditions that must be kept up to minimize the plague's deadly effect. Alexandria continues to worry about the plague and takes great precautionary action and inspects goods and traders and their ships, but the toll continues to rise. In the province of Judea they continue to raise up soldiers to protect both Christian, Islamic and Jewish pilgrimages. Taxes are not like those in Alexandria where they favor Christians, but rather equal for all three of these religions. Small amounts of conversions take place mainly converting Christians and Muslims to Coptic Christianity.
 * Aiguptia: Continues to stabilize the nation. Engineers, cartographers and philosophers from all trade partners are offered jobs to work on expanding the Philadelphi Canal to take on present day cogs, treasure fleets and other ships. The canal is opened for medium ships and light traffic and is expected to fully open in late 1475 (delayed due to plague), and undergoes final preps for its initial opening. Workers flow in seeking work and benefits that stream from the jobs, even those from disorganized areas of the former Mashriq Sultanate and the new Sultanate in Egypt, especially since some are trying to escape the plague. Aiguptia increases efforts to house these immigrant workers. Citizens and people in the surrounding regions and province are converted to Coptic Christianity. Missionaries continue to convert people, especially in Cairo. Cairo also attracts many in anticipation of the canal. The city at the crossing point of the canal OTL Zagazig, begins to be filled by merchants and people looking to get involved in the trade industry, but becomes known for poorer living conditions and being put at risk for the plague. Military learns as they progress in the war. Missionaries and organizers are sent to Nubia region. Rumors persist that the officials are close to organizing a kingdom in Nubia.
 * Ayutthaya: Continues to experience a population boost. With the treaties signed with Aceh and the Khmer, our economy and influence grows exponentially. The plague in India, though, of course, horrifying, is a gift to Ayutthaya, as now all trade to China must flow through our borders. Negotiations begin with Padang for their annexation as a kingdom of Ayutthaya, given our excellent relations and their fading royal line. To seal the deal, Indaraja's daughter is married to the only heir of the Padang throne. There is a conference held in Ayutthaya, continuing from last year, inviting Hindus and Buddhists from all over the region to meet and discuss theological issues. Surprisingly, the King insists that Muslims be invited too, to foster better relations with our neighboring friends in Aceh and Malacca. A prominent Islamic Mullah, Haji Abdul Rahman, makes a speech to the council urging interfaith co-operation, saying that "peace and prosperity, Insh'Allah, shall bring about truth". The Golden Army continues to train, and their extreme training policies spread to the rest of the armies of the Kingdoms. The central government thus argues that since the standing armies have the same allegiance and the same training, they should be united, with only individual militias being raised from the Kingdoms. Extreme actions are taken to deal with the threat of spread south from China, with ships being quarantined for days to ensure that they do not have plague, and with any plague bodies being burnt and disposed of. The renovations of the city of Ayutthaya are finished at the end of the year, and new siege equipment - especially involving cannons and gunpowder weaponry - is empahasised in defense and offesnsive maneuvers. All vassals expand their militaries.
 * Alyeskan Khaganate: The Alyeskan Khaganate expands 2000 km farther into Kodiak Island. Restless and young Koryaks continue to join the Haida on their raids on the Pacific Coast. Relations further improve with the Haida, expanding Koryak influence over them (Turn Three of Six).
 * The Kingdoms of Great Albion (Scotland and England) - member nation of the UKGA: The Navy is expanded further with the integration of the Scottish and Breton fleets. The number now stands at 440 ships total. The coronation ceremony was a joyous fanfare, the King personally thanked the Castilian and Moroccan attendees. Under the leadership of the new king, the parliaments of Wales, Scotland and England ratify the equal representation act. Wales and Scotland will remain in union with England, but will now have their own parliament to better discuss local affairs. All military will be ceded to England. All three nations are renamed Great Albion. The membership of the United Kingdoms of Greater Albion has gone form four nations to just two, The Kingdom of Eire, and the Kingdoms of Great Albion to better consolidating power in the isles. The transition to a more open system is expected to take the better part of the next few decades. Port Edmundburg continues to experience a growth in population. Albionic settlers continue to explore the surrounding areas. The Albionic Royal Navy begins better mapping Africa for the Crown. After decades of cultural merging, a new, Celto-Germanic culture finally begins to take firmer root. The English language has grown in official use and now royal documents, previously in Latin, are now translated into English. Troops that fought in the Pan Hispania Wars return home and facilitate a minor baby boom. These experienced soldiers now train the army and navy commanders in advanced battle tactics. Minister of Warfare, Alfred Reddington, increases the use of firearms in the military. The King returns to Albion this year, Royal duties are discharged back to the King. All trade with plague infected nations are suspended until the crisis is over. All ships passing through the channel are monitored for any signs of infection. No ships except for Albionic military vessels are permitted to dock near large population centres. Albion supports its Christian brethren in Alexandria. The King sends a written letter to Venice thanking the Doge for his continued understanding of Albion's complicated traditions and would gladly accept a marriage from Venice to strengthen relations further.
 * Brittany: Brittany is officially placed under Albionic influence. The military and navy are expanded.
 * Calais: Military and navy are expanded.
 * Dublin: Dublin undergoes another remodel and expansion to the ports due to the massive influx of trade from Castile and Venice as well as an increased Eire trade.
 * Scotland: The new parliament begins its first session this year. Brian MacNeil is appointed as Royal Minister. Scotland begins to exclusively use the Albionic pound. Several new Consuete Churches are built. The Catholic Diocese, banned for years, has been allowed to resettle. The military and navy are expanded. Scotland sees a major population boom after the war.
 * Wales: Wales expands its military and navy. Cardiff becomes a large centre of trade for Wales. The Welsh appoint Adam Cyrdger as Royal Minister. The first sessions of parliament are held. Wales does not see as large a population boom as Albion or Scotland, but a minor one, centred around Cardiff and Swansea, does occur.
 * Caucasian Confederation: All member nations expand their infrastructure to better respond to the ongoing plague.
 * Oyo Empire: The infected in the cities of Oyo are sealed into their residences, with the government taking the same measures as the Malinese did during the Black Death to prevent the spread of the plague in the cities of Oyo. Following the Venetians footsteps, Oyo quarantines ships at islands outside of their ports for 40 days before letting them dock. Once again, the plague is slowed in the urban areas, and forced into the rural regions of the nation where it continues to run its course. Elsewhere, production of additional ships continues with the cities of Lagos and Accra continuing their work with the shipyards.
 * Fusahito Theocracy: The Emperor completes the creation of the new form of government which, in reality, is merely a rebranding of the previous systems of the Shogun. However, many of the old feudal lords who remained loyal to the Shogunate are quietly dispatched, with the Emperor replacing them with members of the Imperial Shinto Sect, increasing the power and influence of the Shinto religion as is befitting of a theocracy. This social upheaval is used to combat the problem shown by the fall of the Shogunate of troop desertion and the fractious nature of the various feudal lords by placing limits on the strength of the armies under local control and increasing the power of the centralised army controlled by the Emperor.
 * Milan: Work continues on the Certosa di Pavia, the Castle Visconteo, and on the extensive Milan Cathedral. We continue training a proper standing army, utilizing Swiss mercenaries and local recruits. With border disputes now settled between the nations of Austria and Switzerland, we continue opening friendly relations with both nations in hopes of repairing our diplomatic relations and protecting our northern border. We continue constructing cogs and galleys to strengthen our navy and protect our interests on the seas. Our infrastructure is upgraded in our nation and in our vassals. Quarantine goes into effect in our nation to minimize the effectiveness of the plague.
 * Castile: The Castilian economy has massively swelled with thanks to the creation of the Spanish confederation and the addition of Aragon's trade and military fleet at Castile's disposal. Castile, as leader of the Spanish confederation, begins a series of economic and military reforms on all the kingdoms in order to expand all the local economies and militaries and centralize the confederation's economies in general. Castile at this point has explored farther down Africa establishing multiple trade posts along the way and reaching a point where the sea rounds the continent. However, the failure of supplies has led to this exploration fleet having to turn back. Castile has begun the development of a series of new ships meant to replace some of the aging designs and add some new innovations. The Castilian navy begins to replace multiple ships with the new carracks as some of the largest ships in the Castile fleet. The Castilian renaissance with the addition of Aragon's renaissance techniques has exploded significantly and with permission from the monarchy embroiled with organizing the Spanish confederacy and multiple projects the Renaissance has led to a mass amount of art and technological innovation being developed. Castile and its confederacy and vassals has now fully converted to the Western Church with the only exception being Cyprus due to its Orthodox roots and Orthodox leadership which prevents a total conversion. The Castilians begins to suffer issues within heavy trade cities of Gibraltar, and Seville as this disease begins killing many people. The Regent of the king and the king himself as well as the council agree to seal the king in the royal palace for the time being to prevent this disease from killing him. The Castilian royal army now numbering about 60,000 is mobilized and tries to contain the disease using information gleamed from the romans spread of medical and quarantine knowledge this is somewhat successful but for the most part the disease remains hard to quarantine and is relatively hard to predict or track. Castile rounds the Cape of Good Hope and sets up another small trading post. The Kingdom of Castile is pushed down to a population of about 6.6 million. However, death rates begin to slow as birth rates show minor population growth for the first time in nearly two or three years. Total deaths is at 300,000 now with births keeping the population from sinking any further. King Ferdinand is now 14 years old. Castile regardless of the plague organizes a fleet of 12 ships to go through the canal for trade and exploratory purposes with multiple ships being filled to the brim with supplies and others with trade goods these ships make their first stop in Yemen. Three more unrelated ships push for mapping East Africa using the well established ports to do so pushing towards the Sanafah having much more supplies this time
 * Kingdom of Aragon: The country itself is placed in a personal union under Castile with Ferdinand of Castile ruling over both Castile and Aragon. The relatively good treatment of Aragon by Castile and the fallacy of actions of the previous king in burning various areas and completely razing Aragon's capital city have forever earned the enmity and hate of most of the Aragonian people, many of which believed they could continue their lives under Castile in a better fashion, with greater access to Castile's vast diplomatic, trade and military power. This, along with common religion and semi-related language, has led to a nearly seamless transition into the personal union. Nobles have been appointed by Prince Carlos of Castile personally who has personally overseen the majority of the war in Aragon which with his expertise, charisma and swaying abilities has led to many supporting his decisions on either side. Carlos himself is appointed the transitional governor of Aragon in order to facilitate a much smoother transition. The Kingdom's navy previously seized is returned to people sympathetic to Castilians and the military navy in particular is given to a series of respected and well known Aragonians loyal to Castile. Aragon's assimilation into Castile cultural base begins due to many nobles now speaking Spanish (Castilian) which shows a notable effect of a few people especially merchants which are currently able to speak the language proficiently. Aragonians spurred on by Prince Carlos to rebuild Zaragoza begin the work needed to rebuild the city and the various burned towns surrounding the city. For the time being, however, the capital of Aragon proper is migrated to Valencia. With Castilian assistance various infrastructural areas are rebuilt and the military is expanded to a token force of 4000. Along with this support the Aragonian economy recovers slowly with a slow but controlled influx of Castilian economic aid helping Aragon recover. The Aragonian Navy is allowed by Castile to move toward settlements in the Canaries down into Capo Verde, and according to Castilian trade agreements docks in Oyo for trade nearly doubling their previous range. This is pushed down further pushing underneath Oyo farther down the coast using Castilian trade posts to explore. Aragon suffers isease casualties in Barcelona and a few in Valencia, efforts are made to lessen the deaths.
 * Kingdom of Granada: The economy, while moderate, is expanded. The Prince of Granada is a Castilian noble named Juan Cortez who is extremely biased against Muslims due to his father's death in the original war against Morocco over Gibraltar. The countries armed forces also begin to fight the remaining Muslims in the mountains and begin the force conversion of the remaining Muslims in Granada. The military is worked on just in case. The Granadan kingdom begins to build up a moderate navy with the expressed example of reaching 50 ships over the next few years. The Granadan prince begins to look at the integration of Granada as a possibility due to the majority of the population being Western Catholic and Castilian. This is to be done over a long term period. Granada suffers disease casualties regardless of preventative measures in Almeria and the city of Granada. Granada begins to work towards its absorbtion into Castile with the king Ferdinand being declared king fully in power in Granada officially beginning a planned two year integration of Granada into Castile as a series of provinces with the addition of Granadas crown into Castiles.
 * Kingdom of Cyprus: The King of Cyprus is now King Alexander of Cyprus. The King of Cyprus begins to see Castilian culture not as a dominant force but a possible blendable culture that can fit well within Cypriot society. The economy and military of the country is built up as is the infrastructure with a nice road system being built throughout the country. Cyprus gaining large funds from being a Castilian trade hub, begins building a few ships domestically, and purchases ships from Castile, or her allies shipwrights forming a respectable Cypriot navy of almost 90 ships with expected expansion to come. This expansion has been achieved specifically thanks to huge amounts of outsourcing to private shipwrights. Cyprus begins to see an exodus of the Knights Hospitaller west to Castile and her territories and King Matthias begins a larger recruitment for the military managing to raise a force of nearly 10,000. This force is largely funded through the large trade Cyprus has gathered. The troops are styled after Castile's royal army and Cyprus embarks on an intense training program in order to bring them up to standards. The Knights, with many departing also have many older and other knights stay due to their close ties with Cyprus. They remain to run the Knights Hospitaller in Cyprus for the foreseeable future while a large number have migrated across the sea. The Kingdom of Cyprus due to the recent issues in Castile reluctantly recognizes Carlos and his Regency for Prince Ferdinand . Cyprus itself with its fleet of nearly 100 ships begins to take after the Venetian example with trade and begins to put Cypriot merchant ships into state possession for trade in order to help with the kingdom's finances and heavy trade. This show immediate results as a relative increase in funding and attention to trade between Castile and her allies begins to improve the quality of trade. Cyprus shows many casualties from the disease due to its trade hub situation. Cyprus sends about 1000 knights to Alexandria for her crusade.
 * Kingdom of Morocco: The less fortunate and disenfranchised are converted. The Kingdom itself is a Christian kingdom with a similar situation of early Castile and Aragon, with large numbers of Muslims and a small number of Christians. However, the Christian community in Morocco is expanded thanks to the influx of traders and settlers from Castile and some other immigrants looking for an opportunity to live a new life here. The Kingdom establishes its capital in Casablanca and with this, begins a major point of establishing a major military presence in the area. The infrastructure, particularly in dealing with transport and water, is expanded to accommodate more people but the only people allowed to settle are Christians - particularly from Hispania. A notable number of Castilians settle the area. The leader of Morocco styled a king, out of respect deducts himself in rank to Prince of Morocco as the throne is only to be held by the King of Castile himself if it's ever required. The country begins the construction of various canals and cultivates trees farther inland to help increase arable farmland. The Moroccan economy continue to expand with greater trade coming from Castile and the Canaries all the way down to Capo Verde increasing the relative wealth. The disease hits Morocco but not as hard throughout as in the cities as the country is much less densely populated.
 * Kongo: The recently vassalized Kongo and its Christian population begins to go on a larger "crusade" to convert its brothers in the region and begins a major program meant at taking the Christian areas and consolidating them into ruleable areas, etc. The Kingdom begins to work toward a trade and production economy focusing on helping provide resources for Castile's burgeoning West African trade network. The King of the Kongo converting to Christianity and being baptised begins to call for the expansion of ports to the best of the Kongolese architects' abilities. With the King also adopts the name John, in favor of the king who began these exploratory operations down the coast of Africa. The King also organized a band of Christian soldiers who help keep the peace who also begin to help with conversions to Christianity as a series of missionaries and high level priests from the Western Church have come on a ship hearing of many pagans and heretics to convert. The King does his best to begins expanding the military and economy and using the protection status from Castile and the whole of the Spanish confederation wages a secret war over opponents to the the few petty kingdoms claiming to own the entirety of the Kongo.
 * Zapotec: Tlaco II expands Danibaan's influence in the surrounding city-states by way of the Zapotec Alliance. Roadways connecting cities in the alliance help merchants and soldiers move more freely between them. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. In the coastal regions under Danibaan's influence, more boats are created. Tlaco orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Daibaan continues expanding into the surrounding city-states north along the gulf coast. Trade with the Aztecs commences after years of stagnation under Tlaco I.
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Forward: A large thanks to Kunarian for providing much welcomed, creative contributions to my Eleanor/Jacqueline story. Landshut expands its military. The population continues to rise. Grand Duchess Eleanor and her council continue to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with twenty-five very large cogs being finished, and by 1474 a trade route is put in place. Such important places in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany, due to a longstanding trade deal. Continuing in 1474, Eleanor commissions six cogs to sail around western Mediterranean coasts. The market center in Landshut continues to attract Bavarian and Venetian traders. In religious news, the country begins converting to the Western Netherlander church. By the end of this year, around 75% of the country adheres to the Western Church. Most adherents live around Munchen and Landshut. In other news, Bavaria continues implementing the Alliance and Merchant Act as well as the Militia and Navy Act. Eleanor ends her predecessors policies of advancing Sedevanticism in the government. As the new Grand Duchess, Eleanor continues to vet and interrogate most of the powerful nobles of Bavaria. To work more efficiently, she appoints Vallerio Volpe as her spymaster. Within months he is able to indict several nobles in various plots against Eleanor. Numbering at 102, all are executed, with their wealth being distributed between Eleanor's supporters. By the end of the year, Eleanor hosts a more middle class in Trausnitz than her numerous predecessors had. This earns her the sobriquet "The Middling Queen" to flavor the already popular "Merchant Queen" title. In other news, sporadic fighting continues between scattered Jacquelinian forces and the Bavarian army. Jacqueline is still alive but her location remains unknown. It is suspected she is in the far south of Bavaria. In plague news, city walls continue to be maintained as the death toll rises (to the thousands) across the country. Eleanor orders her court to carry incense and herbs to curb the "bad airs" and "miasmas" that carry the plague. She also orders all rats seen to be killed in Landshut. Suspecting that dirtiness and lack of hygiene may have an effect on disease spread, several court physicians delve into research. Several of them begin to bathe regularly and clean their hands, hoping that God may smile upon cleanliness, productivity, and hygiene and remove the afflictions felt at hand. In national news, Eleanor announces in late June her plans to pursue a commons court and set of peasant laws. The reaction is much more positive than it was years ago, due to the lack of powerful, ambitious nobles and their replacement with middle-class, new money merchants more in touch with the general population. The year ends with continued work on plague resistance and a formation of plans pertaining to common courts and expanded peasant privileges. Work on the economy and restoration of the Roscol Bank continue as well.
 * Munchen: By 1474, the total class of Queen Isabell University amounts to about 2900 men. Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. In recent news, unemployment begins to crawl upward after the suspension of the Roscol Bank in Landshut. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * Wurzburg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die. The clergy of Wurzburg find small solace as Jacqueline is ousted from power and replaced by the more temperate, analytical Eleanor.
 * Cuzco: Economy and Infrastructure are built up. Movement of people around the nation prompts greater construction of roads.
 * Wanka: Military and Infrastructure are built up. Ties with Cuzco deepen.
 * Qullasuyu: Military is built up as instablity continues.
 * Hesse: We carefully watch the developments in the rebelling land while our troops are on standby. We keep requesting help for a possible war with the rebelling states and their new allies. We switch over to improving the military. We marry the first couples in this year. Meanwhile, Heinrich III starts to prepare a take-over of the crown, instead of letting his brother's line go on.
 * Trier: We upgrade our military and economy. The states around us are influenced. Trade routes are established, opening trade among Hesse, Cologne, and Austria and her vassals. We dedicate this turn to infrastructure expansion, building several defenses, and roads to link towns across the nation. Fortifications around our capital are improved and updated.
 * In the Emirate of Sanafah, Chief Tiavina continues to be amazed by Priest Julio Marciano Gabriel, who actively teaches Christianity at the behest of the heir to Sanafah. Work to replace Arabic with Spanish begins by many scholars who have learned a ton as a result of Gabriel. The Malagasy Bible begins to be transcribed by the followers of Gabriel, and many rich families look to the Bible as a legitimate moral book, much like the view on the Ku'ran. Gabriel continues to teach Tiaviana's son and kin Spaonsh. Cultural developments, like moraingy and salegy continue, and trade greatly picks up as the plague stops affecting other Swahili states. Trade from Castile begins to pick up, raising the standard of living and population. Meanwhile, in Sakalava, the focus of integration and standardization remains. Dina Morgabin and Dina Arobi also develop agriculturally, and therefore economically. Military turn.
 * Sofala continues to expand to the south and gains many cultural elements from Sanafah and the island of Madagasikara. The Latin-based Malagasy language begins to spread, since Gabriel began his work in Sofala.
 * Merina and Betsimisaraka experience continuation of the internal improvements, subsidized by the League. Plans to merge the two vassal states continue, planned for 1480. The Sakalvan/Sanfahi culture spreads throughout the countryside as local dialects die out and are replaced with the Sanafahi dialect and some Swahili influenced words. Christianity enters these two states, making a huge impact on the culture.
 * In the Comoros, the art revolution from Sanafah spills over. Christianity begins to spread earnestly with the Malagasy Bible. The Comoros expand into the Seychelles. Similarly, Pembara expands to the south. Betsileo grows closer culturally to Sanafah and the Sakalavan states as the Princess and the heir to the Sanafahi state are married.
 * Hungary and all its vassals and puppet states expand militarily and economically. Poland expands its armed forces, too, increasing the strength of its troops by focusing on the training of more knights to fight for the nation. Crown Prince Sigismund, now 13, begins to be trained heavily in the art of combat, as well as taught the heavily successful war strategies of the day to hopefully make him into a capable military leader. He has been learning languages since the age of six and is now fluent in many of them. King Sigismund continues to try to deal with the problem as best as he can. He devises a way to try to work this plague to his advantage, and believes by forcefully transfering many people infected with the plague to regions with a history of trouble against the crown - he could gain more control over the regions if the have a lower population. As a result, tens of thousands of infected Serbian workers are sent back into Serbia - where they spread the disease and accelerate the loss of people. He does this in Bosnia too, along with many regions of Poland, to try to reduce the numbers of Serbian workers in Poland along with the numbers of people in Bosnia. Although the numbers of dead in Hungary itself is around 150,000 - more than 850,000 people die in various parts of the realm such as Serbia, Bosnia and the various vassals and regions in Poland. This shows the speed with which the plague spreads is rapid and thus allows many men studying the plague to gain insight. This allows Hungary to fare much better within the realm than other regions due to the shrewd handling of the situation by Sigismund III. The ports begin to see a lot more shipping traffic and the crown earns a lot of money due to the Venetian agreeing with the trading deal. This helps bring in huge amounts of money for the crown - which is temporarily stored up with plans to use it later. The Faroe and Orkney ports become a major destination for trading ships going out whaling and in search of woods and furs. Many ships use the islands as a stopover to Iceland, where much wood cut down is bought and transported to other regions by Hungarian merchant shipping, thus allowing a growing trade network to be formed. Rumours of the Viking colonies to the west also begin to circulate in the merchant shipping gossip but for now remain legends. Banu Sulaym now has a few small Hungarian enclaves on the coast, which are supported by a large number of soldiers, helping to keep the nation stable and strong against the enemies beyond the borders. More Carroks are launched from the dockyards and ports and help to present the power of the Hungarian navy. These ships are soon given a military purpose and are sent all around the Mediterranean patrolling and trading, allowing for Hungary to grow. The Royal Family and High Nobles continue the efforts to keep themselves clean as they look at the examples of previous Roman rulers who survived plagues and such. Many intellectuals begin to wonder why baths and hot water help to stop the spread of plagues, and why dirty rivers are especially bad for them.

1475
Only two years into his reign as chancellor of the Holy Roman Empire, Frederick I the Victorious, Elector of the Palatine and brave leader of the German people, war hero of the Swabian Wars, dies unexpectedly, leaving a void in the Reichstag warranting another election among the Imperial Diet.

An outbreak of the plague occurs in northern Europe spreading through the northern states of Hesse, Hamburg, Prussia, and through Scandinavia like wildfire.
 * Portugal: Continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Leiname. By this time, the colony in Leiname starts to export wheat to Portugal. Meanwhile, some Portuguese explorers continue to explore the African coast. The Açores continue to be settled. Meanwhile, shipwrights start to fuse and modify aspects of ships that are known to operate around the Atlantic and the Mediterranean, in order to develop larger ocean-going ships.
 * Ming China: A new Emperor takes the throne. He begins to revamp the military, and sends troops to the areas in the country that are unsettled or having local issues, putting down dozens of mini uprisings Talks with the Hosokawa Diamo continue, and it is agreed to sign an econmic and military alliance  with China, becoming an important military and naval base in the coming years. Haixi Jurchens also begins to slowly grow closer, with a treaty of Economic and Military Co-operation being signed, allowing merchants and troops from both to traverse freely between them. Tainan becomes the Ming Empire of Taiwan, and the Emperor rules it in Dynastic Union. Korea begins to build a large fleet in co-operation with the Ming, putting it under both joint Korean and Chinese leadership, though the fleet is manned mostly by Chinese sailors and the squadrons run by Ming officials. The Empire begins to rebuild as well, and farming begins everywhere possible in case of another famine. Canals begin to be dug to increase domestic trade, and the trading stations begin to pop up around the nation. The plague continues to be dealt with, and attempts at finding something to halt it fail continuously until finally a man decides to cover his and his family's mouths with very fine cloths, and his family fails to catch the sickness, causing others to look at him and follow the example.


 * You have the plague. Nishing is not a Han name and there is no reason a non-Han emperor would take over. Mongolia is a fiesty and hostile nation. You can not do all of this in a single turn, and dammit, we haven't even established that Scan is gone yet!
 * I was told that Mongolia was taken over by China, my bad on that one.
 * Yeah, no. Way too much integration. It would take China nigh on 300 years to integrate Japan. That political structure is absolutely way too crazy and independent to formally integrate or annex. -Feud
 * Fixed. -Nova
 * I was on vacation dammit. ~Scan
 * Guaymi: (Thanks to Feud for helping me with the note from last year)  Emperor Tiarokwete has offically signed documents to complete the annexing of Ngobe-Bugle, making them Guaymians. This annexing goes over smoothly and with great appeal as Ngobians wonder why the action was not taken sooner. Chief Munushi has been placed on the Emperor's high counsel board and now the nation celebrates the third day of the third month of 1475 as the unification day between the two lands. The fellowship continues its quest to find another water source (Three of Four), and the process of developing and instituting a national written language, with a rocky start, has begun to build steam and become more widespread throughout the country (Turn Two of Four). The mining industries continue to rise in mineral and metal production. The Emperor follows suit of Chief Munushi and declares for walls to be built around the three major cities of the land, Mununi, Siatum and Jigathiu. The defense is being built up as a precaution for any future attacks. An official military fort, Fort Shiteze, is in the process of being established outside of Siatum, housing all current troops (1500 infantry men, 500 collective bowmen) and is expected to be finished in 1476. The population boom seems to have ended as the population rate still increase but less so.
 * Zapotec: Tlaco II expands Danibaan's influence in the surrounding city-states by way of the Zapotec Alliance. Roadways connecting cities in the alliance help merchants and soldiers move more freely between them. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. In the coastal regions under Danibaan's influence, more boats are created. Tlaco orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Daibaan continues expanding into the surrounding city-states north along the gulf coast. Trade with the Aztecs commences after years of stagnation under Tlaco I.
 * Mapuche: The coppersmith apprentice stumbles across hematite in the mountains. He experiments with it and concludes that it may be an interesting mineral to show to his fellow coppersmiths back home. The War Band continues its training, the economy expands, and the written language becomes more widely utilized. There are 19,501 Mapuche in the territory.
 * Hamburg-Mecklenburg: Despite the plague, Hamburg honors its mutual defense pact with Hesse and moves into Hesse to out down the rebellions. Hamburg's modern equipment and tactics show their worth at the Battle of Cologne, where their rebel army was routed and helped secure Koln for Hesse. While the armies were fighting Hamburg takes further measures to stop the disease. All wells connecting to rivers are closed, and the occupants of the building where the recently sick resided are expelled from the cities in addition to the ill. Friedrich reduces the ducal staff, and those who had no contact with the sick are welcomed into the ducal palace, which has become almost completely self-supplying with its own food and water sources. In May, an unmarked, flag-less ship attempts to bypass the Hamburg ships outside the Mecklenburgian port of Rostock. The blockading were forced to fire their cannons and caused severe damage to it. The food and water it was carrying is confiscated and the sailors arrested and taken back to port, while the ship itself is left to burn.
 * Ruppin: Military expanded, the plague continues.
 * Magdeburg: Military expanded, the plague continues.
 * Alexandria: Trade continues to increase as the ports are re-established and more people are converted to Coptic Christianity due to the See of Saint Mark's presence, including those of the True Faith, the Christian region of Alexandria is nowhere near as harmed as the Islamic region by the plague (due to better living conditions), leaving many Muslims to reconsider their faith. Resources and military are sent to Aiguptia to build and protect  the canal as that process continues and workers are encouraged to go seek out this opportunity - especially minority groups, which is seen workers begin to die due to tough conditions. To replace workers higher wages are offered and living conditions. The Philadelphi Canal opens to light traffic and medium sized ships, but traffic is carefully monitered due to the plague. Grigorios asks to marry the Princess of Ethiopia [mod].  The Reclamation of Egypt finishes with the Sultanate of Egypt givng full surrender. The economy is threatened by stagnation due to the plague. Luckily, the war effort leads to many finding jobs creating weapons and jobs in taking the rest of Egypt. Christians in North African nations are invited to immigrate to Alexandria . Missionaries and dignitaries remain in the Nubia region hoping to convert and influence some of the Nile cities (Turn four). The land acquired from Yemen by the Red Sea sees a small port town established for sailors and merchants to rest before going into the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean, there is a medium increase in population as more people look to get into the trade business and avoid the plague. Officials here plan for immigration but do not anticipate the amount of immigrants this year, and balancing that with living conditions that must be kept up to minimize the plague's deadly effect. Alexandria continues to worry about the plague and takes great precautionary action and inspects goods and traders and their ships, but the toll continues to rise. In the province of Judea they continue to raise up soldiers to protect both Christian, Islamic and Jewish pilgrimages. Taxes are not like those in Alexandria where they favor Christians, but rather equal for all three of these religions. Small amounts of conversions take place mainly converting Christians and Muslims to Coptic Christianity.
 * Aiguptia: Continues to stabilize the nation. Engineers, cartographers and philosophers from all trade partners are offered jobs to work on expanding the Philadelphi Canal to take on present day cogs, treasure fleets and other ships. The Philadelphi Canal is opened in August of 1475, at many points ships can pass freely using two separate canals or wide manmade lakes. However, there are still flows to be worked out, and portions to be widened. Workers flow in seeking work and benefits that stream from the jobs, even those from disorganized areas of the former Mashriq Sultanate and the new Sultanate in Egypt, especially since some are trying to escape the plague, but this migration slows down considerable toward the end of the year. Aiguptia increases efforts to house these immigrant workers and assist them in finding jobs for after the canal is complete. Citizens and people in the surrounding regions and province are converted to Coptic Christianity. Missionaries continue to convert people, especially in Cairo. Cairo also attracts many in anticipation of the canal. The city at the crossing point of the canal OTL Zagazig, begins to be filled by merchants and people looking to get involved in the trade industry, but becomes known for poorer living conditions and being put at risk for the plague. Military learns as they progress in the war. Missionaries and organizers are sent to Nubia region to assist in building a kingdom their. Rumors persist that the officials are close to organizing a kingdom in Nubia (next turn).
 * Mod Response: The Ethiopians accept the marriage proposal (Note: This doesn't put you in any position to inherit Ethiopia but will undoubtedly strengthen economic and political ties with them).
 * County of Oldenburg: The plague still takes many victims, but by now most of the population has been exposed to it, and are either dead or (presumably) immune. (Cross this out if it's wrong, but my population isn't that big and I've been posting about the plague's devastation for years) The East Frisian Islands continue their self-imposed isolation, however. Count Christian orders them to continue working on the navy, which they do, adding a small cog to the fleet. Stock is taken in the decimated army, and a recruitment drive begins. The OHG sends out a small fleet (two ships) to the Oldenburger-Hessian outpost in Africa. There they are provided with much-needed ivory and gold, which is taken back to Europe. Hesse is offered a contingent of Oldenburger troops should they need them in the suppression of Munster.
 * Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: The plague continues ravaging Osnabruck, much to Bishop Klemens' disgust. His monasteries are doing all they can to assist the victims, but there is only so much they can do. Deaths amongst the clergy are also playing havoc with the administration of the Bishopric. With priests running their parishes, their loss is causing a power vacuum. Monks not performing important medical duties are sent to be temporary parish priests.
 * Scandinavian Empire: The plague hits Denmark the hardest as it sweeps through northern Europe. However, assistance from Sweden results in the plague spreading to southern Sweden. Scandinavia learns the importance of quarantine the hard way. However, they still are able to draw a profit this year, the trade around Europe boosting their economy. More naval ships are produced this year, including fregatts and galeasen.
 * Rumania: Radu, now 41, releases more control to his son. A princely degree is sent out; “The Moralists will be permitted to practice as they please so long as they continue their faithfulness to Rumania.”The plague is worse this year; tens of thousands die across the nation. The economy stagnates as the plague causes merchants to avoid travel and peasants to fall ill and be unable to work. The church struggles to keep pace with the magnitude of the deaths, alas they cannot keep up and many die without their last rites. This shakes trust in the church and many begin to question the validity of the holy sacraments.A rural movement preaching tolerance and self guidance explodes across the south and into Bulgaria, it is called the Moralists. Its leaders believe than anyone who does good deeds and helps others will reach salvation. The priest’s teachings spread like wildfire across the lands. Many churches are looted by the new believers. These Moralists go to vast lengths to convert the disheartened masses who feel betrayed by the church. The army is sent to prevent the desecration of church monuments in the west. However, many soldiers turn a blind eye to the looting, as they themselves are caught up in the new movement. The new movement calls for church reforms and the reduction of clergy; this shocks the church of Rumania into action. The Rumanian church denounces the leaders of the new movement; many are excommunicated. The Moralists gain much new traction among the poor citizens of the coastal cities. Hundreds of missionaries travel throughout Rumania and Bulgaria; several missionaries even travel into the fragmented states of the Ukraine. The plague continues to cause people to abandon their old beliefs and turn to the new church. Despite the sickness the printing press continues to spread across Rumania. Print expands rapidly as boyars demand books and text so as to appear powerful and influential. Mircea II, now 20, helps his father rule this nation. He shows great promise in economics and even begins to help his father try to improve the economy. After attending a Moralist rally the young prince becomes infatuated with the new religion. He provides some support for the movement, despite his father’s displeasure.
 * The Consulate of Bulgaria: The plague damages the economy this year, as hundreds of merchants and city dwellers are killed. Nobles flee the cities and escape to the less populated areas. The printing press spreads south into Bulgaria just as in Rumania. The Moralists movement begins to take hold of several of the northern regions and many hundreds convert as the plague continues to ravage the country. Moralist ideas creep southward and also spread all the way to the coast quickly.
 * Prussia: The Prussians continue to convert to the Western Church. The Prussians begin to build their army. The amount of people killed by what some people call the Persian Plague continues to grow. Prussia's cemeteries and churchyards continue to grow.
 * Courland: The Curonians also begin developing their economy and military. The Curonians also continue converting to the Western Church. The Curonians continue to have problems burying the vicitims of the plague.
 * Ossel-Wiek: Ossel-Wiek also begins developing their economy and military. Ossel-Wiek also begins converting to the Western Church. Ossel-Wiek continues to dedicate more of its limited territory to burying the dead.
 * The Nation of the Oirats: Cement and iron increase in production. Iron weapons are now majorly used. As we increase in population, we slowly target our expansion northward. We expand 50 px to the North. We continue to develop our firearms. We continue to study the printing press and make more of them. We buy more books from China. We continue making more muskets. We now have 10,000 primitive musketeers. We begin building up our military and create even tougher practices. We tirelessly battle the Mongols.
 * Oirat D to China: We advise China to not get crazy.
 * Chinese Diplomacy: We advise the Oriats to mind there own, and we move an army to the border as a show of strength. We issue an embardo against the Oriats for insulting the nation.
 * Mayan Empire: We accept the war treaty with the Mayans, and begin opening trade with other, less civilised tribes. Farming begins to become part of the culture, and we begin building more mines.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire continues to shift its trade to the west, although this slows down due to the opening/restoration of the canal in Egypt. Engineers and soldiers continue to help with the project there. Weapons and books continue to be sent to the Tartar Empire to help the Emperor Theodore defeat his opponents. With the weapons available to the Empire largely reaching a standstill, the Emperor turns his attention toward bettering the health and wealth of his people. To this end, he encourages the continued research into medical care and the expansion and construction of hospitals. Education is also seriously considered once again now that the times of war have passed the Empire by. To help do this, the University of Constantinople considers sending some of its scholars to other parts of the Empire to educate citizens that cannot make the journey to Constantinople. A prominent Latin from Patras, Carlo de Patra, begins his education at the University. He soon begins to amaze his professors with this imaginative and complicated designs and theories related to science and the physical world. (I will elaborate when I return). With the advanced medical research in recent years as well as extensive prior knowledge, the Empire's doctors are able to save people from the plague. However, many still die from either the plague or its complications, including the Emperor's youngest son, leaving Thomas the only heir to the throne. To protect him the royal family retreats to its Thracian estates. The Empire accepts the treaty regarding the canal and sends a small contingent of troops to aid Egypt in its war.
 * Albania: With the revolts in Italian Albania in full swing, the kingdom is not sure how to react. Many of the citizens want the war to happen, and some even move back to help the resistance. The government is much more neutral, concerned if the Roman Empire will back such military action and the thought of waging war on a nation that helped Albania gain independence. The national military is expanded and trained further as a result.
 * Netherlands: Maurice's second marriage is to a Flemish noble, who is proclaimed the second queen consort of Maurice's reign. Efforts to ease the plague ridding areas continue. Trading is still called off as the borders and ports are shut down until the plague dies down. With tensions running high along the borders to the East between Hesse and Munster Maurice pledges to stay out of the conflict as long as Germans do not cross the border into Netherlander territories. All access through the Rhine is also cut off to prevent the plague from going up or down the river though this will hurt the German states it is realized that this is to prevent illness from spreading further. Naval build up continues. internal trade as the docks are closed off until the plague dies down a bit.
 * Castile: The Castilian economy has massively swelled with thanks to the creation of the Spanish confederation and the addition of Aragon's trade and military fleet at Castile's disposal. Castile, as leader of the Spanish confederation, begins a series of economic and military reforms on all the kingdoms in order to expand all the local economies and militaries and centralize the confederation's economies in general. Castile at this point has explored farther down Africa establishing multiple trade posts along the way and reaching a point where the sea rounds the continent. However, the failure of supplies has led to this exploration fleet having to turn back. Castile has begun the development of a series of new ships meant to replace some of the aging designs and add some new innovations. The Castilian navy begins to replace multiple ships with the new carracks as some of the largest ships in the Castile fleet. The Castilian renaissance with the addition of Aragon's renaissance techniques has exploded significantly and with permission from the monarchy embroiled with organizing the Spanish confederacy and multiple projects the Renaissance has led to a mass amount of art and technological innovation being developed. Castile and its confederacy and vassals has now fully converted to the Western Church with the only exception being Cyprus due to its Orthodox roots and Orthodox leadership which prevents a total conversion. The Castilians begins to suffer issues within heavy trade cities of Gibraltar, and Seville as this disease begins killing many people. The Regent of the king and the king himself as well as the council agree to seal the king in the royal palace for the time being to prevent this disease from killing him. The Castilian royal army now numbering about 60,000 is mobilized and tries to contain the disease using information gleamed from the romans spread of medical and quarantine knowledge this is somewhat successful but for the most part the disease remains hard to quarantine and is relatively hard to predict or track. Castile rounds the Cape of Good Hope and sets up another small trading post. The Kingdom of Castile is pushed down to a population of about 6.6 million. However, death rates begin to slow as birth rates show minor population growth for the first time in nearly two or three years. Total deaths is at 300,000 now with births keeping the population from sinking any further. King Ferdinand is now 14 years old. Castile regardless of the plague organizes a fleet of 12 ships to go through the canal for trade and exploratory purposes with multiple ships being filled to the brim with supplies and others with trade goods these ships make their first stop in Yemen. Three more unrelated ships push for mapping East Africa using the well established ports to do so pushing towards the Sanafah having much more supplies this time. The Kingdom of Granada is formally integrated into Castile with Ferdinand now 15 taking more and more responsibility preparing to take the throne next year. King Ferdinand makes an appearance in Granada for is coronation as the King of Castile and Integrated Granada as well as a coronation of his kingship over aragon fully.
 * Kingdom of Aragon: The relatively good treatment of Aragon by Castile and the fallacy of actions of the previous king in burning various areas and completely razing Aragon's capital city have forever earned the enmity and hate of most of the Aragonian people, many of which believed they could continue their lives under Castile in a better fashion, with greater access to Castile's vast diplomatic, trade and military power. This, along with common religion and semi-related language, has led to a nearly seamless transition into the personal union. Nobles have been appointed by Prince Carlos of Castile personally who has personally overseen the majority of the war in Aragon which with his expertise, charisma and swaying abilities has led to many supporting his decisions on either side. Carlos himself is appointed the transitional governor of Aragon in order to facilitate a much smoother transition. The Kingdom's navy previously seized is returned to people sympathetic to Castilians and the military navy in particular is given to a series of respected and well known Aragonians loyal to Castile. Aragon's assimilation into Castile cultural base begins due to many nobles now speaking Spanish (Castilian) which shows a notable effect of a few people especially merchants and some developing artisans which are currently able to speak the language proficiently. Aragonians spurred on by Prince Carlos to rebuild Zaragoza continue the work needed to rebuild the city and the various burned towns surrounding the city with the city being moderately repaired. For the time being, however, the capital of Aragon proper is migrated to Valencia. With Castilian assistance various infrastructural areas are rebuilt and the military is expanded to a token force of 5000. Along with this support the Aragonian economy recovers slowly with a slow but controlled influx of Castilian economic aid helping Aragon recover. The Aragonian Navy is allowed by Castile to move toward settlements in the Canaries down into Capo Verde, and according to Castilian trade agreements docks in Oyo for trade nearly doubling their previous range. This is pushed down further pushing underneath Oyo farther down the coast using Castilian trade posts to explore. Aragon suffers isease casualties in Barcelona and a few in Valencia, efforts are made to lessen the deaths.
 * Kingdom of Cyprus: The King of Cyprus is now King Alexander of Cyprus. The King of Cyprus begins to see Castilian culture not as a dominant force but a possible blendable culture that can fit well within Cypriot society. The economy and military of the country is built up as is the infrastructure with a nice road system being built throughout the country. Cyprus gaining large funds from being a Castilian trade hub, begins building a few ships domestically, and purchases ships from Castile, or her allies shipwrights forming a respectable Cypriot navy of almost 90 ships with expected expansion to come. This expansion has been achieved specifically thanks to huge amounts of outsourcing to private shipwrights. Cyprus begins to see an exodus of the Knights Hospitaller west to Castile and her territories and King Matthias begins a larger recruitment for the military managing to raise a force of nearly 10,000. This force is largely funded through the large trade Cyprus has gathered. The troops are styled after Castile's royal army and Cyprus embarks on an intense training program in order to bring them up to standards. The Knights, with many departing also have many older and other knights stay due to their close ties with Cyprus. They remain to run the Knights Hospitaller in Cyprus for the foreseeable future while a large number have migrated across the sea. The Kingdom of Cyprus due to the recent issues in Castile reluctantly recognizes Carlos and his Regency for Prince Ferdinand . Cyprus itself with its fleet of nearly 100 ships begins to take after the Venetian example with trade and begins to put Cypriot merchant ships into state possession for trade in order to help with the kingdom's finances and heavy trade. This show immediate results as a relative increase in funding and attention to trade between Castile and her allies begins to improve the quality of trade. Cyprus shows many casualties from the disease due to its trade hub situation. Cyprus sends about 1000 knights to Alexandria for her crusade.
 * Kingdom of Morocco: The less fortunate and disenfranchised are converted. The Kingdom itself is a Christian kingdom with a similar situation of early Castile and Aragon, with large numbers of Muslims and a small number of Christians. However, the Christian community in Morocco is expanded thanks to the influx of traders and settlers from Castile and some other immigrants looking for an opportunity to live a new life here. The Kingdom establishes its capital in Casablanca and with this, begins a major point of establishing a major military presence in the area. The infrastructure, particularly in dealing with transport and water, is expanded to accommodate more people but the only people allowed to settle are Christians - particularly from Hispania. A notable number of Castilians settle the area. The leader of Morocco styled a king, out of respect deducts himself in rank to Prince of Morocco as the throne is only to be held by the King of Castile himself if it's ever required. The country begins the construction of various canals and cultivates trees farther inland to help increase arable farmland. The Moroccan economy continue to expand with greater trade coming from Castile and the Canaries all the way down to Capo Verde increasing the relative wealth. The disease hits Morocco but not as hard throughout as in the cities as the country is much less densely populated.
 * Kongo: The recently vassalized Kongo and its Christian population begins to go on a larger "crusade" to convert its brothers in the region and begins a major program meant at taking the Christian areas and consolidating them into ruleable areas, etc. The Kingdom begins to work toward a trade and production economy focusing on helping provide resources for Castile's burgeoning West African trade network. The King of the Kongo converting to Christianity and being baptised begins to call for the expansion of ports to the best of the Kongolese architects' abilities. With the King also adopts the name John, in favor of the king who began these exploratory operations down the coast of Africa. The King also organized a band of Christian soldiers who help keep the peace who also begin to help with conversions to Christianity as a series of missionaries and high level priests from the Western Church have come on a ship hearing of many pagans and heretics to convert. The King does his best to begins expanding the military and economy and using the protection status from Castile and the whole of the Spanish confederation wages a secret war over opponents to the the few petty kingdoms claiming to own the entirety of the Kongo.
 * Mughal Empire: Mirza continues issueing the creation of Hindi-written documents, as well as supporting Hindi writers in the Empire. The infrastructure is developed, especially in parts bordering Chagatai
 * Southern Chagatai Khanate: Emperor Mirza, better known as Khan Muhammad Mirza in Chagatai, issues simillar laws in the Khanate. The roads are developed in hope of connecting the Mughal Empire and the Khanate better.
 * Chinese Diplomacy: We offer a military alliance and trade pact.
 * Mughal-SCK Dip: We accept.
 * Venetian Republic:
 *  Books on various topics spread from Venice throughout Europe, continuing the Renaissance. Printed in the Venetian language, they teach of the sciences and humanities and revive learning, spreading knowledge (as well as the language) far and wide. .
 *  With the increased supply of Ducats, the fluidity of European trade increases with Ducat using nations benefiting most. 
 *  Many people sentenced to death are drowned in the canals as is the Venetian tradition. The tradition is becoming the primary way to execute criminals and is spreading to the Venetian territories across Europe. 
 *  Fine wool and silk clothing from Titani is exported across the Mediterranean and Black Sea and begins to set the trend in Renaissance clothing. 
 *  Venetian trade reaches across the known world. Merchant ships carry salt, silks, glass and a collection of other goods, both common and rare. Venetian traders are the largest carriers of trade in Europe, with the thousands of ships and a trading tradition continuing to fuel this. 
 *  The Roscol Bank uses local subsidiaries all across Europe to fund trade, with a leaning toward funding trade with Venice. They also fund enterprises across the continent, boosting the economies of the nations which they inhabit. The Roscol Bank invests conservatively. While this doesn't bring in as much wealth as other nations' banking, such as the Dutch, it results in a much more robust level of equity. 
 *  Due to the stability of business and protection afforded to private enterprise in Venice, many merchants set up shop in the city despite being foreign, utilising the Venetian law to protect their businesses. Criminals and a less divided merchant class mean prosperity for all those involved with Venetian business in some way. 
 * In Veneto Christofo sends letters across Europe to see if there are any eligible grooms and brides for the various Roscol children (GET YOUR ROYAL MARRIAGE HERE!) before they reach the age of 20: Dragano (second son of the Doge and shaping up to be a capable warrior) who is 16 and Giovanni (second son of the Doge's younger brother and a timid but clever boy) who is 12. Medardo and Ida have a boy who they name Michiel after Medardo's uncle, Ida claims to be pregnant again towards the end of the year. Coletta, is bethrothed to Adolf but the Doge will not risk sending her anywhere until the plague is over. The Doge also requests that Hesse send Eva to meet with Christofo once the plague subsides. All children shall be married once they both reach the age of 14 although the Doge does not approve of co-habitation until both are at least 16. The plague causes the Sigilar Collegantia to form close ties, as they work together to minimise deaths, they all implement Salute Pretors (magistrates of health) to take actions to keep people healthy and to keep the plague at bay. The Consegio de Fe moves to establish the governing principles of the Venetian Church, which at the moment is just a glorified Catholic sect. Propaganda supporting the Venetian Church is spread, blaming lack of faith for the plague. The Tola de Savio Omni declares that Venice will seek to right the wrongs of the past and sets out propaganda against its historical enemy of Milan, even blaming them for the plague. The Order of Saint Mark numbers 29,000 now and numbers are declining but slowing in the decline. The beliefs of the true faith are popular amongst commoners - especially those who feel the church does not practice the faith properly. Alexandria is the destination of massive amounts of pilgrimage from True Faith believers who also attempt to convert locals as well as settle down. The True Faithers believe that the plague is God punishing the ill of faith. (reaction to plague) The plague burns through the population, more than 90% of the population has been infected although the mortality rate remains at a lucky 10-15%, Venice is most affected and suffers at a rate of 15-20%. While the quarantine works to keep some level of control over the spread, the dockside and slum dwellers are heavily affected. The plague has stopping rising in how many it kills every month but keeps a steady level of deaths going throughout the year. The curfew works well to keep order and stops criminals from taking advantage of the death of property owners caused by the plague. The Consegio de Salute carefully manages what supplies enter the Dogado. Economically, Venice is not suffering as badly as it would seem, the plague is eating through many of the slum class and trade still occurs at a good level. The Doge will not cut Venice off from trade, knowing that it would only be futile in attempting to stop the spread of disease and would only harm Venice economically. Venetian traders are actually now supplementing the lack of traders from various other nations that have completely cut themselves off from the world. This occurs particularly in the north where the Netherlands, Eire, Albion although Scandinavian traders continue to compete with Venice. (reaction to Bavaria for Cookie) The "Merchant Queen" is still loved by many in the Republic and the Doge, eager to see her reign restart well, sends supplies of food and medicine to help keep the people of Bavaria fed amongst the chaos and to help try to fight the plague. Many Venetians feel a bond of kinship with the Queen and her Bavarians, and the Doge hopes this friendship between their two peoples lasts a thousand years and beyond. (reaction to players) The Doge offers either his second son Dragano or his nephew Christofo to marry a woman of equal worth to Albion. The Doge eagerly wishes to discuss the issue of canal access with Alexandria, and supports their foray into Egypt but due to the plague can not send anything but supplies in support. He sends an envoy, particularly one who has survived the plague, to meet and discuss the issue (on chat later today?). Venetian traders report to the Doge that Oyo is trying to imitate Venetian quarantine techniques, eager to build relations the Doge sends three Venetian Masters (out of an original 5 who were investigating the plague in detail) to assist Oyo in their efforts. The Doge also sends a few Venetian Masters to Hungary to assist them in dealing with the plague now that it is drawing to a close for Venice. Furthermore, the Doge offers to help other nations in their printing industries (GET YOUR PRINTING INDUSTRY HERE!) via Venessian Stanpar by establishing large printing workshops in their capitals with help from experienced Venetian workers, largely to continue trying to counteract the attempts from Pskov to break Venetian influence in the north and east. The Doge also sends a letter to the the Ottoman Sultan offering to re-establish trade and to try to forget the issues of the past. The Doge also, seeing issues affecting their new allies in the north of Hesse and Oldenburg, sends forces to support them (6000 strong and a small fleet). Along with this he send letters to the governments of Epirus, Candia and Kaffa telling them to contribute.
 * In the Free Port of Porto Tolle the military grows.
 * In the Province of Istra the military grows.
 * In the Free Port of Scutari the military grows.
 * In the Province of Albania the military grows.
 * In the Province of Zante the military grows.
 * In the Free Port of Argos the military grows.
 * In the Province of Attica the military grows.
 * In the Province of Mytilene the military grows.
 * In the Province of Candelore the military grows.
 * In the Province of Morocco the military grows.
 * War-turn
 * Epirote Republic:
 * In Epirus the economy grows. The Doge sends support to Hesse and Oldenburg (2000 strong and a small fleet).
 * In the Free Ports of Epirus the economy grows.
 * In the Province of Valona the economy grows.
 * In the Province of Arta the economy grows.
 * War-turn
 * Venetian Empire:
 * In the Province of Aegina the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * In the Free Port of Athens the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * In the Province of Candia the economy grows. The Conte sends support to Hesse and Oldenburg (2000 strong and a small fleet). War-turn
 * In the Corfiot Protectorate the military grows. Mil-turn
 * In the Province of Kaffa the economy grows. The Conte sends support to Hesse and Oldenburg (a small fleet). War-turn
 * In the Naxian Protectorate the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * In the Province of Negroponte the military grows. Mil-turn
 * In the Free Port of Ragusa the economy grows. Eco-turn 
 * ​Cuzco: Infrastrucutre and economy are built up. The population of Cuzco hits 100,000. development of roads continues, spreading into the Wanka territory.
 * Wanka. Economy and infrastrcutre are devloped. Population hits 19,000.
 * Qullasuyu: Instablity continues in the region. Military is developed to combat that.
 * Eire: Eire, having built up trade and infrastructure across the nation for years is in the process of becoming a modern European nation. Clans still remain. However, much of the new growth of the nation is in the new trade ports on the coast, settled by the Norse, or the towns at the hubs of the new roads. Indeed, many of the small towns from 50 years ago are unrecognizable compared to today. Eire seeks to show its power, and we invite monarchs from across Europe to tour the new nation. The military of Eire continues to be modernized. After years of friendship with Albion, a strange new dialect begins to emerge in coastal trade settlements. As the language divide in Albion has ended, and English becomes the tongue of all, traders from England and Eire begin to swap words in the trade settlements on the Irish Sea. The dialect, however, has not seen wide use outside of those settlements. We find that keeping the Southern Europeans away from our ports, who often carry diseases, helps us prevent the spread of the strange new plague. Our vessels continue to explore and trade with our northern neighbors, however, such as Scandinavia and some of the German states that are not affected. We allow Roman Catholic churches to spring up again, after the reunification of the churches, and many reactionary Eire-folk take advantage of it, having practiced their services in secret. Tales of Celtic myths continue to become popular amongst the nobles, and old aspects of pre-Norman Hiberno-Roman culture begin to be rediscovered.
 * Who are you marrying to whom? :O I need to keep track of these marriages! :L
 * Never mind that, I have no people available ATM to marry into the Roscol line.
 * Ottoman Sultanate (Sorry, very busy lately): The Sultan continues his efforts in the Levant to vassalize Syria and Judea, to avoid any conflict in the regions as well as to ensure economic stability. The military is improved in case fighting breaks out in cities against the Sultanate. Meanwhile, the Grand Vizier continues to visit the port city in Mesopotamia (any word on the exact city, Pita?) to see the construction of new fleets, some of which reach Oman. He is very pleased with this, as it can drastically change the way the Sultanate can trade with nations in the far east. The Sultan also finally receives the letter from the Doge and writes him back, agreeing to the trade relations and hopes the two nations can improve relations in the near future.
 * Venetian Diplomacy: The Doge advises that they hold detailed discussions on future relations. (chat?)
 * (I'll be out basically the rest of the day but I can try either tonight or tomorrow.) ChrisL123 (talk) 22:08, April 17, 2014 (UTC)
 * Best do tomorrow, send me a message on my talk page with times when you can talk and I'll be online when I can
 * Caucasian Confederation: The plague continues to ravage the member states of the Confederation, and total losses from the plague surpass 100,000 this year; the final expected death toll is predicted to be a quarter-million, nearly a seventh of the Confederation's population. The Confederation's growing wealth enables it to outfit its troops with higher-quality weaponry. Accordingly, the armies of the Caucasian kingdoms grow stronger, as the first gunpowder weapons finally begin trickling into the ranks of Georgian, Armenian, and Assyrian formations. Caucasian tacticians believe that - with time - these gunpowder contingents could form a formidable complement to the mesame. Meanwhile, Georgia's Mesopotamian enclave at Alexsaportu continues to grow, and the first of the city's docks are established; nonetheless, fifteen years remain before it can support serious eastward expeditions.
 * Kingdom of Georgia: Mepe Boris begins integrating Amier-Kavkasia - whose population has been majority-Georgian for roughly a decade - into the state of Georgia, in a bid to improve the administration of the querulent northern territories. The integration is expected to take sixteen years, as the northern chiefdoms evade efforts to impose royal administration.
 * Principality of Rani: The gradual, bloody conversion of the Azeris to Orthodoxy continues; of the 280,000 Azeris, some 42,000 (15%) now profess Christianity - mostly around the principality court at Arran, though missions have slowly crept eastward into the newly conquered territories. Locals resist the conversion process - but as their homeland has now suffered two consecutive defeats against Georgian forces, few hold out hope of liberation any time soon.
 * Alyeskan Khaganate: Ties with the Haida continue to grow stronger (Turn Three of Six). Many Koryak words are adopted into the Haida language, while the Haida also adopt Koryak words and Shinto. The Khagan continues to reorganize the military, especially the land forces, where he orders the infantry shifted to cavalry. Although cavalry are more difficult to support, the military reaches 10,000 by the end of the year. Expeditions continue to fish off the newly discovered coast.
 * Fusahito Theocracy: The Emperor completes the appointments to government of those supporting him and turns his attention to foreign diplomacy, attempting to restore former links between the Shogun and the Daimyos. Particular attention is payed the Japanese Northern Coalition. Mod Response please.
 * Trier: We upgrade our military and economy. The states around us are influenced. Trade routes are established, opening trade among Hesse, Cologne, and Austria and her vassals. We dedicate this turn to infrastructure expansion, building several defenses, and roads to link towns across the nation. Fortifications around our capital are improved and updated.
 * Ayutthaya: Continues to experience a population boost. With the treaties signed with Aceh and the Khmer, our economy and influence grows exponentially. The plague in India, though, of course, horrifying, is a gift to Ayutthaya, as now all trade to China must flow through our borders. Negotiations begin with Padang for their annexation as a kingdom of Ayutthaya, given our excellent relations and their fading royal line. The Golden Army continues to train, and their extreme training policies spread to the rest of the armies of the Kingdoms. The central government thus argues that since the standing armies have the same allegiance and the same training, they should be united, with only individual militias being raised from the Kingdoms. Extreme actions are taken to deal with the threat of spread south from China, with ships being quarantined for days to ensure that they do not have plague, and with any plague bodies being burnt and disposed of. The renovations of the city of Ayutthaya are finished at the end of the year, and new siege equipment - especially involving cannons and gunpowder weaponry - is empahasised in defense and offesnsive maneuvers. Padang is annexed unto to kingdoms of Ayuhtthaya, leaving Aceh and Sri Vijaya as the only vassals of Ayutthaya. More influence is piled on the Khmer, capitalizing on the marriage, as the King's first daughter is now Queen of Ayutthaya. Relations continue to improve between Muslims, Buddhists, and Hindus, with spread of Islam growing fast. All vassals expand their economies.
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Forward: A large thanks to Kunarian for providing much welcomed, creative contributions to my Eleanor/Jacqueline story. Landshut expands its military. The population continues to rise. Grand Duchess Eleanor and her council continue to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with twenty-five very large cogs being finished, and by 1475 a trade route is put in place. Such important places in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany, due to a longstanding trade deal. Continuing in 1475, Eleanor commissions six cogs to sail around western Mediterranean coasts. The market center in Landshut continues to attract Bavarian and Venetian traders. In religious news, the country begins converting to the Western Netherlander church. By the end of this year, around 75% of the country adheres to the Western Church. Most adherents live around Munchen and Landshut. In other news, Bavaria continues implementing the Alliance and Merchant Act as well as the Militia and Navy Act. Eleanor ends her predecessors policies of advancing Sedevanticism in the government. As the new Grand Duchess, Eleanor continues to vet and interrogate most of the powerful nobles of Bavaria. To work more efficiently, she appoints Vallerio Volpe as her spymaster. Within months he is able to indict several nobles in various plots against Eleanor. By the end of the year, Eleanor hosts a more middle class in Trausnitz than her numerous predecessors had. This earns her the sobriquet "The Middling Queen" to flavor the already popular "Merchant Queen" title. In other news, sporadic fighting continues between scattered Jacquelinian forces and the Bavarian army The fighting culminates on August 30, where the bulk of Jacqueline's army, including Jacqueline herself, is defeated in the Battle of Regensburg. Eleanor was present at the time, rumored to have donned armor to properly stand by her troops. Jacqueline is defeated and killed in the battle when she is hit by several arrows. The country rejoices at her defeat and death. Privately, Eleanor mourns the loss of her cousin despite their shared animosity and will allow a few of her administrative policies to remain in force. In plague news, city walls continue to be maintained as the death toll rises (to the thousands) across the country. Eleanor orders her court to carry incense and herbs to curb the "bad airs" and "miasmas" that carry the plague. She also orders all rats seen to be killed in Landshut. Suspecting that dirtiness and lack of hygiene may have an effect on disease spread, several court physicians delve into research. Several of them begin to bathe regularly and clean their hands, hoping that God may smile upon cleanliness, productivity, and hygiene and remove the afflictions felt at hand. Supplies from Venice, including barrels of food and medicine. In national news, Eleanor continues to draw up plans for an expanded privilege base for the lower classes. The reaction is much more positive than it was years ago, due to the lack of powerful, ambitious nobles and their replacement with middle-class, new money merchants more in touch with the general population. The year ends with continued work on plague resistance and a formation of plans pertaining to common courts and expanded peasant privileges. Work on the economy and restoration of the Roscol Bank continue as well. Diplomats are sent to Venice to thank the Doge for his gifts and medicines to the Bavarian people. Eleanor sends him the Pact of a Thousand years, a document which would insure a solidified alliance and close relations.
 * Munchen: By 1475, the total class of Queen Isabell University amounts to about 2780 men. Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. In recent news, unemployment begins to crawl upward after the suspension of the Roscol Bank in Landshut. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * Wurzburg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die. The clergy of Wurzburg find small solace as the Grand Duchess is the somewhat temperate, analytical Eleanor.
 * Colorado Confederation:In the year 1451 the Colorado Confederation had entered turmoil as a result of severe drought and enemy tribal invasions. Since then the North has remained stable because of the great city of Kim while the South has plunged into chaos and warlords have risen and fought over control and power in the disorganized south. After a 24 year period of Northern rebuildment lead by the city of Kim the Central Government declared war on the various warlords of the south in order to restore order to the nation.' 'As a result, the Warlords band together collectively calling themselves the Coalition and uniting against the Confederation and the two sides clash at the border. News spreads to the South on the Northern invasion and this causes more choas to arise because more warlords rise up in order to take advantage of the situation. With these uprisings there is a lot of fear among the people and the South expands towards the coast in order to escape the chaos in the South and the Northern invasion.   
 * In the Emirate of Sanafah, Chief Tiavina continues to be amazed by Priest Julio Marciano Gabriel, who actively teaches Christianity at the behest of the heir to Sanafah. While Tiavina's son is an open convert to Christianity, his father is rumored to be a closet convert. Meanwhile, the Emir is angered by the removal of Islam as an important part of the Emirate. He experiences large amounts of stress and is ill by the end of the year. Work to replace Arabic with Spanish continues by many scholars who have learned a ton as a result of Gabriel. The Malagasy Bible continues to be transcribed by the followers of Gabriel. The Bible is now the most read book in the Emirate, replacing the rare copies of the Ku'ran. Gabriel continues to teach Tiaviana's son and kin Spaonsh. Cultural developments, like moraingy and salegy continue, and trade greatly picks up as the plague stops affecting other Swahili states. Trade from Castile makes Sanafah much richer and increases technological capacities. The navy continues to grow. Population is also largely growing. Meanwhile, in Sakalava, the focus of integration and standardization remains. Dina Morgabin and Dina Arobi also develop agriculturally, and therefore economically. Economic turn.
 * Sofala continues to expand to the south and gains many cultural elements from Sanafah and the island of Madagasikara. The Latin-based Malagasy language begins to spread, since Gabriel began his work in Sofala.
 * Merina and Betsimisaraka experience continuation of the internal improvements, subsidized by the League. Plans to merge the two vassal states continue, but are going faster than intended and will probably happen next year. The Sakalvan/Sanfahi culture spreads throughout the countryside as local dialects die out and are replaced with Latinized Malagasy and even some Spanish. Christianity continues to make a large impact in these two states.
 * In the Comoros, the art revolution from Sanafah spills over. Christianity begins to spread earnestly with the Malagasy Bible. The Comoros expand into the Seychelles. Similarly, Pembara expands to the south. Betsileo grows closer culturally to Sanafah and the Sakalavan states as the Princess and the heir to the Sanafahi state are married.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The disease continues killing many. The king attempts to avoid such an event but it fails only spreading it harder in regions of Basel, Lorraine and Burgundy - as well as in Sardinia where it kills hundreds without seeming any cause. The death toll reaches a half million since the start and many corpses accumulate throughout the domains, impelling the need for a better way to avoid the kingdom and bringing many to doubt the king's might on the French monarchic lands. This is even more acute in regions like Sardinia far from the central government. The vassalage of Aargau continues as well as the vassalage of Foix. Limoges vassalage begins
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up. Economy expands. The infection rages on killing many in the region. Vassalage of Furstenburg begins as well.
 * Albret: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Nemour: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Guyenne: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Berry: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Armagnac: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Sardinia: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region. Some begin to question the king of France's choices and begin wondering about establishing their own state.
 * Basel: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Aargau: Military and economy are built up. The French presence begins to felt. However, the attempts to establish a pro-Germanic government in order to avoid eventual uprisings, internal vassalization begins as well to fully convince German leadership.
 * Foix: Military and economy are built up.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. The native population drops to 450,000 (from around 750,000 in the region) due mostly to the plague and the war. French nobles begin to arrive due to the relative power void. While this, the French navy begins docking in Tunis, soon renamed Carthage.
 * Novgorod: We continue the production of Koch boats, cannons, hand cannons, advanced crossbows, swords, and composite bows, increasing our military capabilities in case of war. The nation’s training and advancement of military continues. The recent classes of Koch ships are being manufactured in Novgorod. The town of St Patriksburg’s population grows a bit more that last year. As the construction of the town improves, the Kremlin finishes, trade becoming more in demand, the town gains slightly. Because of the trade road built with Tver our economy increases. After seeing a great success with the private schools in the cities of Novgorod, St Patriksburg, Staraya Russa, and Nizhny Novgorod. We start building another private school in Rostov and Yaroslavl. We complete building private schools in Torzhok and a private school in Staraya Ladoga. We upgrade our infrastructure.
 * Tver: We complete the construction of the private school in Tver and we start the new one. We upgrade our economy because of the trade established between Yaroslavl, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We upgrade our infrastructure.
 * Yaroslavl: We complete the construction of the private school in Yaroslavl and we start the new one. We upgrade our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. (Razor asked me to post this for him).
 * Rostov: We completed the construction of the private school in Rostov and start the new one. We upgrade our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Yaroslavl, Muscovy
 * Pskov: Urges Novgorod to close borders to non-Russian nations and institute quarantine to try to stop the plague.
 * Pskov: Institutes more quarantine procedures, with quarantine cities growing. More quarantine cities, more roads, more infrastructure. The Navy is used to blockade some entrances into the Finnish Gulf ports as all traffic between borders is hereby suspended until the end of the  plague. Quarantine seems to be working for the moment ... with borders closed in Muscovy and Pskov, all hope that Novgorod has the wisdom to do so. The economy suffers much more than last year. However, people pursue one, even if some start to look onto the plague as a sign from God that hereditary succession is sinful as it is vanity, which incites some unrest against the Zaytsev family. However, this does not manifest in any other way than general unhappiness towards the Knyaz. Some begin to think that God is punishing Europe because they transfer power from father to son.
 * Hungary and all its vassals and puppet states expand militarily and economically. Roads and such are also begun to be focused on along with irrigation projects - improving infratructure. Poland expands its armed forces, too, increasing the strength of its troops by focusing on the training of more knights to fight for the nation. Crown Prince Sigismund, now 14, continues to be trained heavily in the art of combat, as well as taught the heavily successful war strategies of the day to hopefully make him into a capable military leader. He has been learning languages since the age of six and is now fluent in many of them. King Sigismund continues to try to deal with the problem as best as he can. Due to the transferring of tens of thousands of citizens with the plague, Sigismund has finally been able to reduce the number of deaths in the regions he wants to keep his population relatively stable in. This includes most of Poland, which is currently loyal to the crown. The handling of the situation in Poland leads to a general approval in support where most areas were not as hard hit compared to many regions in Hungary and its vassals. The Hungarian population begins to try to recover as thousands more continue to die due to the plague. However, many regions in Serbia are now almost completely depopulated along with the vassal of Bosnia - which does not contain much of a population either. 45% of the Serbian population is dead as a result of the campaign in Banu Sulaym and the effects of the plague. Many expect it to increase as the stream of people forced into Serbia continues. There are large numbers of riots due to this but the Hungarian army manages to hold strong against the rioters intending to move northward and cause chaos. They also manage to keep much of Serbia under their thumb due to large revolts being brutally suppressed. The ports begin to see a lot more shipping traffic and the crown earns a lot of money due to the Venetian agreeing with the trading deal. This helps bring in huge amounts of money for the crown - which is temporarily stored up with plans to use it later. The Faroe and Orkney ports become a major destination for trading ships going out whaling and in search of woods and furs. Many ships use the islands as a stopover to Iceland, where much wood cut down is bought and transported to other regions by Hungarian merchant shipping, thus allowing a growing trade network to be formed. Rumours of the Viking colonies to the west also begin to circulate in the merchant shipping gossip but for now remain legends. Banu Sulaym now has a Hungarian enclave on the coast, which are supported by a large number of soldiers, helping to keep the nation stable and strong against the enemies beyond the borders. More Carroks are launched from the dockyards and ports and help to present the power of the Hungarian navy. These ships are soon given a military purpose and are sent all around the Mediterranean patrolling and trading, allowing for Hungary to grow. The Royal Family and High Nobles continue the efforts to keep themselves clean as they look at the examples of previous Roman rulers who survived plagues and such. Many intellectuals begin to wonder why baths and hot water help to stop the spread of plagues, and why dirty rivers are especially bad for them. Sigismund begins to focus on his naval ships as diplomatic channels with Venice indicates that it would require Hungarian support in an upcoming war. Using all the knowledge his shipbuilders have and then some, Sigismund begins to completely revamp his navy - with 40-50 year old ships beginning to be either retired or retrofitted to make them much more of a threat. Much money is poured into this project.
 * Kingdom of Italy: King Charles I continues the reforms of his father, and improves the economy and the military. Continues the construction and improvement of shipyards and production of new boats to combat in the Mediterranean. Territorial defense continues being built based on border forts. Relations with the Byzantine Empire continue strong. The Naval Academy in Taranto continues the technological research with Venice. The King continue to give new impetus to the culture within the kingdom and its vassal states, in art, science, etc.
 * Kingdom of Sicily: The army continue the process of assimilation of Italian tactics that spread through the Mediterranean, promoting the use of early firearms. The economy of the island is mostly cereal crops. Thanks to Italian support the exploitation of olives and wine grapes continues.
 * Grand Duchy of Tuscany: Improves the economy and the military. The economic prosperity of the previous years is accented with commercial junction providing by Italy and Genoa, and the city of Florence is the commercial nexus among all the Italian states. Frederick I helps promote economic prosperity, gives incentives to help manufacturing output grow, and improve access roads to make the trade more fluid and profitable. The army is formed to the image of the Italian army, with gradual use of new firearms that become quite popular. Frederick I became a great patron and the Tuscan nobles follow this particular policy. The artists, protected and maintained by the nobles and bourgeois rising, unleash their creativity.
 * Duchy of Genoa: Improves the economy and the military. The Duchy of Genoa continues trading from the Black Sea to the Straits of Gibraltar, using new models of ships with cargo holds of more spacious and allow greater profit. With the help of Italian military fleet, try to force richest commercial rights in Tunisian ports. In Genoa the boom in production of luxury items continue. The pressure of the Genoese traders in Tunis is growing, and combined with the presence of Christian missionaries, who at the same time serve commercial spies; is accomplished the capture of a lot of exotic products that are not easy to get due to the conflicts and trade barriers in the Near East, and the axis between Tunis and Genoa is strengthened. The Genoese economy restarts its golden age.
 * Duchy of Ferrara: Improves the economy and the military. The paper industry is forging ahead, and also the making of looms, making this duchy in one of the most productive in northern Italy. Duke Niccolo I continue the loyal service to Italy.
 * Duchy of Corsica: Improves the economy and the military. The exploitation of salt mines and silver continues. In the same way, the vine crops increase in extension and quality, and the manufacture of wine each year improves in quality and quantity, and is recognized as the best European wine. On the island of Corsica a boom of mercenaries continues. The Italian army started recruiting many Corsicans, making them a legend in terms of ferocity and skill in the skirmishes and battles.
 * Marquisate of Modena: Improves the economy and the military. Niccolo is dedicated to art and culture, encouraging painters, sculptors and architects that embellish this little Marquisate, leading Italian opulence to a new level. Marquis Niccolo I continues the loyal service to Italy.
 * Principality of Zeta: Improves the economy and the military. Dairy cattle production increases, and in the same way the manufacture of better quality cheese, they continue to be exported to Italy, Hungary and Byzantium. The Prince Giovanni I continues the cultural boom.
 * Vatican City: The Pope continues the campaign of evangelization in the lands of the Balkans. Missionaries continue to working in North Africa, especially in Tunisia, where they try to recover the core of Christians. The Pope like his predecessor condemns all those who come to the false churches that are being created in Europe. The nephew of Pope Callistus III, Rodrigo Borgia continue his ascent in the Roman Curia.
 * Order of the Knights of Malta: The Grand Master of the Order Piero Raimondo Camelot, uses his fleet of ten ships to patrol the central Mediterranean, also helping needy Christians. Military elements are improved, and the economy is maintained by the Italian and Sicilian support.
 * County of Provence: The reform of the administration continues, adapting the Italian model which has had so much success. Improves economy through trade and manufacturing cloth. The military camp is also improved, adding new equipment and Italian military ideas.
 * Duchy of Anjou: As in Provence, the Duchy transformation is performed. The economy and military improve.
 * Alencon: The economy and military improve.
 * Narbonne: The economy and military improve.
 * Vendome: The economy and military improve.

1476
'''The rebel army at conflict with the Hessians meets the main army of Hesse and Hamburg at the Battle of Karben, north of Frankfurt. Having won a series of skirmishes and minor battles in the north against the unorganized rebelling states, the Hessians have managed to corner the rebels in the south. At the battle, however, re-inforcements from the rest of the rebelling states are gathered for the first time and in an organized defense the rebels win a surprising decisive victory.'''

'''The Wettins of Saxony of Thuringia gather their forces and invade Hesse from the east in an effort to aid their allies and the rebelling states, and to preemptively strike their enemy to the west. With the majority of Hessian forces scattered throughout the west and south of the nation, the Saxons initially make gains into enemy territory.'''

'''The Original areas where the disease has spread to first begins to die out with about 10-12% casualties with France having the largest amount of just over two million dead. Oyo continues to suffer moderately as the disease has run its course killing just under a million people. The Netherlands is newly infected.'''
 * Portugal: Continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Leiname. By this time, the colony in Leiname starts to export wheat to Portugal. Meanwhile, some Portuguese explorers continue to explore the African coast. The Açores continue to be settled. Meanwhile, shipwrights start to fuse and modify aspects of ships that are known to operate around the Atlantic and the Mediterranean, in order to develop larger ocean-going ships.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The disease continues killing many. The king attempts to avoid such an event but it fails only spreading it harder in regions of Basel, Lorraine and Burgundy - as well as in Sardinia where it kills hundreds without seeming any cause. The death toll reaches a half million since the start and many corpses accumulate throughout the domains, impelling the need for a better way to avoid the kingdom and bringing many to doubt the king's might on the French monarchic lands. This is even more acute in regions like Sardinia far from the central government. The vassalage of Aargau continues as well as the vassalage of Foix. Limoges vassalage begins
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up. Economy expands. The infection rages on killing many in the region. Vassalage of Furstenburg begins as well.
 * Albret: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Nemour: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Guyenne: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Berry: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Armagnac: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Sardinia: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region. Some begin to question the king of France's choices and begin wondering about establishing their own state.
 * Basel: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Aargau: Military and economy are built up. The French presence begins to felt. However, the attempts to establish a pro-Germanic government in order to avoid eventual uprisings, internal vassalization begins as well to fully convince German leadership.
 * Foix: Military and economy are built up.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. the population native drops to 450,000 (from around 750,000 in the region) due mostly to the plague and the war. French nobles begin to arrive due to the relative power void. While this, navy of the French begin docking in Tunis, soon renamed Carthage.
 * The Kingdoms of Great Albion (Scotland and England) - member nation of the UKGA: The Navy is expanded further with the integration of the Scottish and Breton fleets. The number now stands at 440 ships total. Port Edmundburg continues to experience a growth in population. Albionic settlers continue to explore the surrounding areas. The Albionic Royal Navy begins better mapping Africa for the Crown. After decades of cultural merging, a new, Celto-Germanic culture finally begins to take firmer root. The English language has grown in official use and now royal documents, previously in Latin, are now translated into English. Troops that fought in the Pan Hispania Wars return home and facilitate a minor baby boom. These experienced soldiers now train the army and navy commanders in advanced battle tactics. All ships passing through the channel are monitored for any signs of infection. The new dialect of English found in Eire has spread to Wales and Scotland. English nobles begin to enjoy the Celtic myths of Eire and Scotland.
 * Brittany: Brittany is officially placed under Albionic influence. The military and navy are expanded.
 * Calais: Military and navy are expanded.
 * Dublin: Dublin undergoes another remodel and expansion to the ports due to the massive influx of trade from Castile and Venice as well as an increased Eire trade.
 * Scotland: Expands navy and military. Pan Albion sentiments grow, Trade increases.
 * Wales: Wales expands its military and navy. Cardiff becomes a large centre of trade for Wales. The Welsh appoint Adam Cyrdger as Royal Minister. The first sessions of parliament are held. Wales does not see as large a population boom as Albion or Scotland, but a minor one, centred around Cardiff and Swansea, does occur.
 * Prussia: The Prussians continue to convert to the Western Church. The Prussians begin to build their army. The amount of people killed by what some people call the Persian Plague continues to grow. Prussia's cemeteries and churchyards continue to grow. The plague begins to show signs of slowing down.
 * Courland: The Curonians also begin developing their economy and military. The Curonians also continue converting to the Western Church. The Curonians continue to have problems burying the victims of the plague. The plague begins to show signs of slowing down.
 * Ossel-Wiek: Ossel-Wiek also begins developing their economy and military. Ossel-Wiek also begins converting to the Western Church. Ossel-Wiek continues to dedicate more of its limited territory to burying the dead. The plague begins to show signs of slowing down.
 * China does what it can to slow infections across the nation. Thousands still perish but the history of plagues in China has granted some experience and immunity with them. China continues integrating the annexed lands of Inner Mongolia and the process of taming the horse lords of the north. To the south, relations with the Tran Dynasty in Vietnam are improved while Lao Xing and the Khmer Empire expand their economies. Sukhotthai is handed over to Ayutthaya. China begins asserting pressure on the remaining Taiwanese states to join Tainan in a unifed nation. Tainan expands into the mountains of Taiwan encountering stiff resistance. The Haixi and Mongols develop their infrastructure while Korea works on its economy. The Chinese lands in Japan work on integration and stability whilst China itself develops its shipyards with naval engineers planning to build ships that are smaller and more maneuverable.
 * Fusahito Dip: The Emperor asks the Chinese Emperor not to expand far in to Japan, seeing it as an imposition of Chinese values on the traditional culture of Japan.
 * Chiribaya: We build up our economy and infrastructure.
 * Guaymi:  Excitement engulfs the nation as the fellowship has returned, unharmed and with great news. They have successfully discovered a new source of water, but it is not in the west. After hitting jungle too dense to move through, the band headed due north and found what appears to be another ocean. Properly cartographed and mapped out, the band reports back to the Emperor claiming only a two day journey, without any formal road system to make the journey to the body of water. The Emperor, eager to expand territory decides to wait for a year or so to have the population grow so that they will be dispersed evenly. The written language has been almost fully placed into the daily lives of Guaymians, and looks to be fully implemented in the beginning of next year. The walls have been thoroughly built around the three major cities and the population continues to rise  reaching about 22,500.  The military devotes the entire year to training with the latest metal weapons and shields. A new breakthrough has occurred allowing warriors to cover themselves in hide or a metal suit to further protect themselves. This armor has been given to every soldier in the army and while primitive now, blacksmiths are eager to develop armor to make it lighter and more durable. The cities continue to grow as more houses are being built as well as small army designated housing to proctect the cities. At the end of the year, Mutukriye has another child, a boy, and the couple has decided to name him Bluntaxe. Fort Shiteze has been completed and now houses the majority of the army and provides massive training grounds.
 * Really implausible growth ... that's like a 40% growth rate in population, Dude. Plausible population growth in this period is like 2 or 3% - which isn't a lot really. -Feud
 * I changed it, I'm just trying to grow the country. My bad - didn't think 22k was too much considering the annexing of Ngobe-Bugle. -Cheese
 * Kingdom of Italy: King Charles I continues the reforms of his father, and improves the economy and the military. Continues the construction and improvement of shipyards and production of new boats to combat in the Mediterranean. Territorial defense continues being built based on border forts. Relations with the Byzantine Empire continue strong. The Naval Academy in Taranto continues the technological research with Venice. The King continue to give new impetus to the culture within the kingdom and its vassal states, in art, science, etc.
 * Kingdom of Sicily: The army continue the process of assimilation of Italian tactics that spread through the Mediterranean, promoting the use of early firearms. The economy of the island is mostly cereal crops. Thanks to Italian support the exploitation of olives and wine grapes continues.
 * Grand Duchy of Tuscany: Improves the economy and the military. The economic prosperity of the previous years is accented with commercial junction providing by Italy and Genoa, and the city of Florence is the commercial nexus among all the Italian states. Frederick I helps promote economic prosperity, gives incentives to help manufacturing output grow, and improve access roads to make the trade more fluid and profitable. The army is formed to the image of the Italian army, with gradual use of new firearms that become quite popular. Frederick I became a great patron and the Tuscan nobles follow this particular policy. The artists, protected and maintained by the nobles and bourgeois rising, unleash their creativity.
 * Duchy of Genoa: Improves the economy and the military. The Duchy of Genoa continues trading from the Black Sea to the Straits of Gibraltar, using new models of ships with cargo holds of more spacious and allow greater profit. With the help of Italian military fleet, try to force richest commercial rights in Tunisian ports. In Genoa the boom in production of luxury items continue. The pressure of the Genoese traders in Tunis is growing, and combined with the presence of Christian missionaries, who at the same time serve commercial spies; is accomplished the capture of a lot of exotic products that are not easy to get due to the conflicts and trade barriers in the Near East, and the axis between Tunis and Genoa is strengthened. The Genoese economy restarts its golden age.
 * Duchy of Ferrara: Improves the economy and the military. The paper industry is forging ahead, and also the making of looms, making this duchy in one of the most productive in northern Italy. Duke Niccolo I continues the loyal service to Italy.
 * Duchy of Corsica: Improves the economy and the military. The exploitation of salt mines and silver continues. In the same way, the vine crops increase in extension and quality, and the manufacture of wine each year improves in quality and quantity, and is recognized as the best European wine. On the island of Corsica a boom of mercenaries continues. The Italian army started recruiting many Corsicans, making them a legend in terms of ferocity and skill in the skirmishes and battles.
 * Marquisate of Modena: Improves the economy and the military. Niccolo is dedicated to art and culture, encouraging painters, sculptors and architects that embellish this little Marquisate, leading Italian opulence to a new level. Marquis Niccolo I continues the loyal service to Italy.
 * Principality of Zeta: Improves the economy and the military. Dairy cattle production increases, and in the same way the manufacture of better quality cheese, they continue to be exported to Italy, Hungary and Byzantium. The Prince Giovanni I continues the cultural boom.
 * Vatican City: The Pope continues the campaign of evangelization in the lands of the Balkans. Missionaries continue to working in North Africa, especially in Tunisia, where they try to recover the core of Christians. The Pope like his predecessor condemns all those who come to the false churches that are being created in Europe. The nephew of Pope Callistus III, Rodrigo Borgia continue his ascent in the Roman Curia.
 * Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: Having recently heard of the rift in the Rome-Cantebury-Constantinople schism, Bishop Klemens asks His Holiness for re-admission into the Catholic Church (Osnabruck and Oldenburg had been Sedevacantist, waiting for the schism to end and a sole Pope to be found).
 * Order of the Knights of Malta: The Grand Master of the Order Piero Raimondo Camelot, uses his fleet of ten ships to patrol the central Mediterranean, also helping needy Christians. Military elements are improved, and the economy is maintained by the Italian and Sicilian support.
 * County of Provence: The reform of the administration continues, adapting the Italian model which has had so much success. Improves economy through trade and manufacturing cloth. The military camp is also improved, adding new equipment and Italian military ideas.
 * Duchy of Anjou: As in Provence, the Duchy transformation is performed. The economy and military improve.
 * Alencon: The economy and military improve.
 * Narbonne: The economy and military improve.
 * Vendome: The economy and military improve.
 * You can only improve one thing. Either the economy improves or the military does. 
 * Mapuche:  The apprentice and his master experiment with the hematite and manage to extract iron from it. They realize the potential of the substance and make a spear out of it. It is significantly stronger than even the best copper spears of the tribe. They tell the other coppersmiths of their discovery, and ironworking quickly replaces copperworking as the main practice of Mapuche smiths. The economy continues to flourish, and the written language becomes more widespread. A strong sense of Mapuche pride accompanies the discovery of ironworking, as it is evident that the tribe is the strongest and most advanced group in the region. There are approximately 21,000 Mapuche in the territory.
 * County of Oldenburg: Numbers of plague victims this year are smaller than last year, giving the country a ray of hope. The country generally gets back to functioning. The OHG sends its first whaling expedition since the start of the plague, taking much-needed supplies to Neu Baltrum and Neu Borkum and returning with much-needed profits in the guise of whale and seal products. It appears that the intervening years have let the whale and seal populations rebound, providing for a bumper crop. The banks also start getting back to normal business. Christian VI lays plans to improve the country's military over the next couple of years.
 * Bishopric of Osnabruck: The plague is still a major problem in Osnabruck. Nothing improves.
 * Fusahito Theocracy: The Emperor, worried over reports of a plague in China, mobilises his naval forces, forcing ships to enter a period of quarantine before docking in the Theocracy. Whilst this damages trade and the economy, the Emperor believes that this is overshadowed by the current freedom from the plague. The Emperor sends envoys to the Hatakeyama clan, asking for a marriage between the daughter of the Daimyo and the Emperor. Mod response, please. 
 * ​The Hatakeyama Daimyo is humbled and honoured by the request, and agrees to the marriage.
 * Alyeskan Khaganate: The Alyeskan Khaganate improves its economy. Many more merchant ships are laid down, and are expected to be completed within a few years. Many of these ships are developed aaccording to new designs which are expected to give these ships much greater sailing distances. Meanwhile, the Hiada are aassimilated further - Turn Five of Six. The school becomes more popular as opportunities for graduates become more common. The new designs developed by shipwrights are especially important in popularizing it. Moreover, scholars begin compiling a map of the known world.
 * Fusahito Dip: The Emperor sends the Khagan all the Japanese cartograhpic knowledge, mainly of the oceans and coastal areas of East and Southeast Asia, ranging as far as the Korean Peninsula to contribute to the Alyeskan map efforts.
 * He's in the Americas. You don't know he exists. -Feud
 * Erm ... I thought I did - it used to be the Koryak Confederacy in North Asia and I've had contact for decades. They even follow Japanese Shinto religion.
 * Now he's in the Americas - which means no contact. Sorry. -Feud
 * Rumania: Radu, now 42, releases more control to his son. The plague is weakening, although the impacts will certainly be felt for some time. Roughly 144,000 people were killed by the plague. Trust in the church has been shattered by the plague. The economy rebounds this year, as the fear of the plague slowly weakens. A rural movement preaching tolerance and self guidance explodes across the south and into Bulgaria, it is called the Moralists. Its leaders believe than anyone who does good deeds and helps others will reach salvation. The priest’s teachings spread like wildfire across the lands. Many churches are looted by the new believers. These Moralists go to vast lengths to convert the disheartened masses who feel betrayed by the church. The army is sent to prevent the desecration of church monuments in the west. However, many soldiers turn a blind eye to the looting, as they themselves are caught up in the new movement. The new movement calls for church reforms and the reduction of clergy; this shocks the church of Rumania into action. The Rumanian church denounces the leaders of the new movement; many are excommunicated. The Moralists gain much new traction among the poor citizens of the coastal cities. Hundreds of missionaries travel throughout Rumania and Bulgaria; several missionaries even travel into the fragmented states of the Ukraine. The plague continues to cause people to abandon their old beliefs and turn to the new church. Despite the sickness the printing press continues to spread across Rumania. Print expands rapidly as boyars demand books and text so as to appear powerful and influential. Mircea II, now 21, helps his father rule this nation. He shows great promise in economics and even begins to help his father try to improve the economy. After attending a Moralist rally the young prince becomes infatuated with the new religion. He provides some support for the movement, despite his father’s displeasure
 * The Consulate of Bulgaria: The plague damages the economy this year, as hundreds of merchants and city dwellers are killed. Nobles flee the cities and escape to the less populated areas. The printing press spreads south into Bulgaria just as in Rumania. The Moralists movement takes hold of several of the northern regions and many hundreds convert as the plague continues to ravage the country. Moralist ideas creep southward and also spread all the way to the coast quickly.
 * The Hungarian King Sigismund believes the worst of the disease is finally over as death numbers begin to evidently reduce overall with most of Hungary beginning to see some sort of normality returning to most parts of the nation begin to once more emerge from fear and back to their normal lives. A large number of people have died within Hungary itself, yet this is nothing compared to the numbers dead in Hungarian vassals. Sigismund now faces a problem in his various vassals as many nobles have died due to the plague and have completely left their regions in anarchy and chaos. To combat this, Sigismund quickly elevates many who have proven to be capable administrators to the ranks of nobles, which surprises many. However, Sigismund understands there is a need for good governence following the plague to ensure growth returns to the realm. Crown Prince Sigismund continues to be trained heavily in the art of combat, as well as taught the heavily successful war strategies of the day to hopefully make him into a capable military leader. He has been learning languages since the age of six and is now fluent in many of them. Princess Sophia takes care of her sons Nikola and Ladislaus, and both grow up and are begun to be taught languages, the ways of court and given a decent education. Many regions in Dalmatia and Split lie depopulated as a result of the plague and their role in the transportation of infected peoples to Serbia. Due to a large number of deaths, many from Croatia begin to move in, in much larger numbers as many look to escape the plague and arrive on farmlands which have been abandoned or given up. They quickly put this farmland to good use and begin to plough the land. Many depopulated villages clutter the vassals from Dalmatia to Serbia and to repopulate these villages, many nobles quickly appeal to Sigismund to allow them to entice Hungarians to come and live in these deserted villages. Sigismund agrees and by years end, more than a hundred thousand people have moved from Hungary itself. Many of the trading centres have been wiped out by the plague, but the survivors do not give up. They begin to rework the fields and continue to grow their crops, in an attempt to continue to feed the people of the realm. With the mixing of the Dalmatian and Serbian cultures, various new folktales are born as different stories are mixed to create new ones. Stored grains are used when they are needed, and prove to be a winning system. In the times of war, the stored grains help peasants feed themselves and keeps discontent down for now. More large ships, such as carroks, are constructed in the dockyards in Croatia. However, due to much of the Serbian workforce being killed due to the plague or forced to return to Serbia, many shipyards face a manpower shortage. As a result, many local peasants begin to be offered much better wages to come and take up work and for the first time the lifestyle of many begins to improve drastically. All ships fly the Hungarian flag with pride as they continue to sail. This helps to boost the military power of the navy, and these ships are soon sent south to go patrolling. With the need for much stronger ships, the old ships continue to be either retrofitted or completely torn apart to build new and much more stronger ships. Sigismund quickly tells his engineers and shipbuilders he wants his ships to be made larger and suit them into a troop transport role. With this, larger and larger ships begin to be constructed by the dockyards while their weapons are given serious overhauls. Yet there is still much focus on smaller ships and these ships are made into powerful frigates capable of dealing heavy damage to much larger ships. Muskets begin to be produced in large numbers in gunsmiths and many soldiers begin to receive training on how to use these in combat. Over 2500 men have been trained and for them these muskets have been allocated to be used. Cannons also begin to be built as gunsmiths fully understand the basic principles of the weapons. Ships, mainly the carracks, begin to be armed in heavier and heavier cannons which will help them fight ships much more successfully. These ships soon become the pride of the fleet and the crews begin heavy training. Seeing the growing iron and steel demands, trading for those resources is increased in exchange for grains. With growing numbers of ships arriving from docks, the fleet off the coast strengthens and the naval division begins to expand its range of operations quickly in case there is a threat from the sea. Merchant ships use Byzantine and Venetian ports to trade and earn money in, while sailing to UNC, Albionian and Dutch ports too, helping expand the influence of Hungarian merchants. This increase in trading helps to bolster the crown financially when the plague has led to many losses. The ports on the Altantic islands begin to see a rapid increase in trading and profits due to the word being spread. Trading with Zeta continues in earnest. The checkpoint castles are a great help in housing troops which are patrolling routes of both nations as well as wealthy and influential merchants and nobles travelling between the nations. Poland now sees greater economic growth as their economy is not only stable but able to grow rapidly on its own. Poland continues to grow even stronger economically as more and more money is invested in trading stalls and merchentile systems as well as the construction for roads and such. The Polish workforce begins to build irrigation networks as well as begin to be told on how to farm using better practices. The Polish army continues to grow in strength, actively training with Hungarian soldiers to better their fighting skills while getting supplied by Hungarian blacksmiths. However, many regions are still strife with the plague and this is attempted to be stopped by quarantine, rather unsuccessfully. Both nations now see a large amount of trade conducted within each other's borders and this makes the merchants learn of each other's languages. Many become fluent in Polish while other fluent in Hungarian. In the border regions, a mixture of the languages begin to develop as it becomes more convenient for speakers and tradesmen. Serbian begins to drastically lose sway and the number of Serbian workers is significantly reduced overall. However, due to the large number of merchants from Hungary - who's economy is booming, Hungarian begins to be spoken in many parts of Poland as it becomes the preferred trading language. Many Hungarians also begin to trek northward into Poland to earn better pay in regions which have been heavily affected by the plague and where there is a demand for workers. The plague has lead to a rise in wages overall and peasants begin to earn much more money than ever before as a result of the plague. Nobles begin to lose sway over their peasant populations. The population of Hungary is estimated to have finally stabilised at 4.1 million due to the plague and its effects, although tens of thousands have left the nation in search of higher pay. Large irrigation channels have been created by workers, helping to expand the regions of farmland under the control of the crown. More than a thousand muskets have been produced and these help arm 1000 men. These men are made into a new division, the smallest in the whole Hungarian army but hopefully the most advanced technologically. Many Hungarian soldiers remain in Banu Sulaym - numbering around 18,000. These are supported by around 20,000 Serbian soldiers, who begin to finally be accepted into Hungarian ranks as the heat and the common enemy leads to a mutual admiration develop between them. However, all soldiers are required to learn Hungarian to speak on a day to day basis. Using the printing presses acquired more than ten years ago, Sigismund quickly begins to create his own printing press industry - hoping to use it to bolster his control over the nation and lead to a growth in trading and communication. The Venetian Masters are well received in Hungary and along with the Crown help to try to control the plague, yet it seems like their task will be much easier due to the plague beginning to lose its sway over the population. However, these masters bring a request with them, and as a result, Pskovian Printed Goods are completely banned in Hungary, Croatia, Poland and all of the vassals.
 * I hope this is Sigismund II or III, because if it is the same one from when you started, he would be 107 by now.
 * Haha, the current ruler is Sigismund III, although Sigismund I did live up to the age of 82. :P
 * The Kingdom of Croatia sees a major land redistribution due to Sigismund. Although the trading boom within the nation continues, with the Hungarian acquisition of coastal lands, Hungary now begins to use the ports in the regions it has taken over to transport its goods and trade. The dockyards cut the wood and build the large fighting vessels for the Crown, as requested by the king himself. The large dockyards and ports continue to build carroks at a good rate, although the loss of workers has meant many have to be hired at higher prices. Yet the higher prices also brings with it much better quality and this makes up for the loss in quantity. The Hungarian Carroks are fitted with some of the best cannons in the world and help to make these ships a threat. A tariff for merchants trading is also in place but it is put at favourable levels with none for the Venetians due to the alliance between the states and the amount of trading between them. Venetian traders are a common sight in Croatian ports, helping to bring in much revenue. Many Croat nobles protest the land distribution, but most are reminded they still keep their lands, only their overlord is now directly the king. The soldiers are trained in Croatia to protects its remaining ports. Using large amounts of money from the treasury, more shipyards begin to be built to help to launch a much larger fleet than currently possible. The Hungarian naval numbers currently stand at around 620 ships, yet this number is expected to decline as many old ships are removed from service to be retired or retrofitted.
 * In Garay, all roads have now been fixed and thus this allows for the trading speeds to increase expodentially. The Garai House sees the birth of twin daughters, with with Lord Garai is overjoyed. With the plague finally over within Garay lands, the Garai Family can finally begin to reaffairm order over all their territories. Using his power, Lord Garai encourages the growth of small towns and villages and hopes to keep encouraging them to grow crops and increase trading. Many men are also trained in military combat to make them more effective foot-soldiers. Due to the good relations of Lord Garai and King Sigismund, the Garai Family begin to gain influence in various lands such as Croatia, Split, Zalchumia, Bosnia and Dalmatia and due to the plague, the Garai Family begin to see their influence in these regions increase significantly.
 * In Split, the nobles begin to work on creating standing armies to manage and controlling their lands. Castles continue being built in the vassal while many old ones are completely torn apart and their land allocated for peasants. The soldiers of the nobles who were executed are distributed between the present nobles and they quickly begin to adapt - training with their new fighting partners. The nation trains its knights hard and trains commoners too. The plague seems to be coming to an end, and many new dockyards and ports are commissioned by the crown to allow the nation to build large numbers of ships.
 * Bosnia also sees a lot of economic and military growth. However, due to the plague Bosnia loses 40% of its total population and this leads to a large loss in anti-Hungarianism as the remainder of the popualtion try to focus on rebuilding their lives and their farmlands. The soldiers of the vassal are raised and help to protect many regions where chaos has set in - helping to bring order to these lands. The soldiers gain valuable experience in doing so.
 * In Serbia, a significant number of people have been killed - peasants and nobles alike. Lands lie deserted and barren due to depopulation as more than 60% of people have died due to the plague and the drastic measures taken because of it by Sigismund III. Many reconstructed towns and villages now lie barren and empty, with the new buildings standing without any inhabitants. Yet as a plague dies down, there is a glimmer of hope as Hungarians and more Dalmatians begin to arrive from the north and begin to occupy these empty villages. The previously overcrowded villages also lie mostly empty due to the plague killing huge numbers of people. Bodies lie decomposing everywhere and as a result the remaining people are forced to bury the dead in mass graves and wherever they really can be buried. Around 4000 soldiers are mobilised and assist in keeping order within the vassal - which is a much easier task due to more than half of the population dead or dying. However, small signs of recovery present itself as the remaining workforce begins to receive greater incomes as nobles look for men to work the lands.
 * Banu Sulaym finally sees stability as its borders are manned and any signs of the plague disappear. Less than 2% of the people in the enclave were killed by the plague. The force of 38,000 men begin to work together and their mutual admiration now turns into friendship. The Serbian soldiers now all speak Hungarian as the population within the enclave begins to speak Hungarian at large. The seige equipment helps to defend the enclave from any exterior attacks by barbaric generals. Missionaries also begin to spread throughout the enclave and although most of the population is Christian, they still preach. Many churches begin to be constructed to show the devotion of the vassal to God. Missionaries also begin to head out into Tunisia to try to convert people while many sneak out through gaps in the fortifications against the enclave by the Mashriq generals to try to spread Christianity and create resentment against the generals.
 * The Nation of the Oirats: Cement and iron increase in production. Iron weapons are now majorly used. As we increase in population, we slowly target our expansion northward. We expand 50 px to the North. We continue to develop our firearms. We continue to study the printing press and make more of them. We buy more books from China. We continue making more muskets. We now have 10,000 primitive musketeers. We begin building up our military and create even tougher practices. We tirelessly battle the Mongols.
 * Oirat D to China: We apologize.
 * Netherlands: The spread of the plague at such a rapid pace causes a large scale deaths throughout the netherlands. The South is particularly affected and ultimately Maurice is forced to move his court to the Hague. Efforts to contain the palgue through burning corpses and isolating infected areas are expanded. Maurice's second wife passes away due to the plague leading to the King falling into a deep deppression and attempts to isolate himself within his private estate. However, under pressure from the royal court and the States-General he continues his duties as sovereign. The Court begins looking for a wife for him from the other European powers. Trading begins once more to a small extent while efforts to re-inforce the outpost in Nigeria are made. Exploration is taken up once more.
 * Scandinavian Empire: The military is expanded, especially the navy, as more fregatts and galeassen are produced. Karaks explore Greenland's coast. The nation expands into the lapland by 3500 sq km this year.
 * I would like to point out to everyone that galleons were not invented until the 16th century. You cannot have a galleon. Frigates were not created until the later part of the 1400's (around 1480). I would request all nations claiming to have such technology wait until a date closer to OTL.Andrew
 * Crossed out, no galleons or frigates yet, not for some time. -Feud
 * Actually, the frigate wasn't around until the 1540's and guess what - it was a Dutch invention. XD
 * Oh God, Jesus. Somebody changed the names of what I was producing. FFS. No, I am not making galleons, I'm making galeasen (Scandinavian Galleass). Fregatts, on the other hand, started popping up around now.
 * Hamburg-Mecklenburg: Hamburgian troops return home after their ill-fated assistance to Hesse. When they arrive, they find that the plague has died off significantly. It is decided to reopen the ports and begin trading again. The economy immediately picks up following. The military is expanded.
 * Oyo Empire: Oyo expands its war effort against the Mali, pushing deeper into Mali lands and crushing all resistance to their invasion, though the Oyo cease their advance as Olorun declares the need to consolidate their gains, and focus on winning the hearts and minds of the people. Elsewhere, naval production continues with an official tally of twenty-four yanyan vessels and nine nlanla vessels, with two more nlanla and ten yanyan on the way in the shipyards of Lagos and Accra. The plague has mostly left the cities of Oyo, moving on to the countryside where it begins to slow to a moderate pace. The government has declared the crisis over in the cities, but warns the rural population of the danger the plague still poses to them. The tally of the death toll begins, along with the late census which was post-poned as an acknowledgement of the futilty of performing one in the face of a massive plague. The census is to take place in 1480 instead, when the plague is predicted to come to an end. Trade with Europe continues, and Olorun makes a swift return to the capital of Oyo-Ile, where he gathers his things for a planned visit to Castile. He seeks to approach the King of Castile with a request for additional technological support for Oyo. While the University of Oyo-Ile is effectively producing all of the local technologies and ideas the people of Oyo, including the successful study and reverse-engineering of the gunpower weapons delievered to Oyo several years ago, Olorun has seen fit to request additional support. Given that Castilian trade in West Africa is dependant on Oyo's allowance of Castile to operate out of Lagos, Olorun seeks to capitalize on that trade to gain something in return from Castile.
 * Mughal Empire: The spread of the Hindi language continues, and with the Hinduization happening for a few years now, over half of the population speaks Hindi fluently. Due to the plague, quarantines are issued, although deaths are still numerous. Economy expands.
 * Southern Chagatai Khanate: The Khanate experiences smaller problems with the plague, due to its less dense population and overall smaller population. The Hinduization goes slower in Chagatai, due to it having a smaller Indian population. With strengthened ties with China, trade and economy flourishes.
 * Cuzco: Military and economy improve. Population hits 110,000. Vassals will be added later.
 * Caucasian Confederation: The plague continues to ravage the member states of the Confederation, and total losses from the plague surpass 125,000 this year; the final expected death toll is predicted to be a quarter-million, nearly a seventh of the Confederation's population. Nonetheless, the intial shock of the plague has now worn off, and the renewal of the Black Sea trade expands the economies of all the Caucasian Confederation states. Meanwhile, Georgia's Mesopotamian enclave at Alexsaportu continues to grow, with local agricultural concerns producing enough food to partially sustain the city; nonetheless, fourteen years remain before it can support a true naval presence.
 * Kingdom of Georgia: Mepe Boris continues integrating Amier-Kavkasia into Georgia, introducing standardized measurement systems (for a certain value of "standard") into the Kavkasian chiefdoms. The integration is expected to take fifteen more years.
 * Principality of Rani: The gradual, bloody conversion of the Azeris to Orthodoxy continues; of the 278,000 Azeris, some 45,000 (16%) now profess Christianity - mostly around the principality court at Arran, though missions have slowly crept eastward into the newly conquered territories. Resistance is fierce, but without a militant core to provide armed force, Muslim Azeri partisans are largely restricted to occasional commerce raids, rinfrequent rioting, and sullen civil disobedience.
 * Venetian Republic:
 *  Books on various topics spread from Venice throughout Europe, continuing the Renaissance. Printed in the Venetian language, they teach of the sciences and humanities and revive learning, spreading knowledge (as well as the language) far and wide. .
 *  With the increased supply of Ducats, the fluidity of European trade increases with Ducat using nations benefiting most. 
 *  Many people sentenced to death are drowned in the canals as is the Venetian tradition. The tradition is becoming the primary way to execute criminals and is spreading to the Venetian territories across Europe. 
 *  Fine wool and silk clothing from Titani is exported across the Mediterranean and Black Sea and begins to set the trend in Renaissance clothing. 
 *  Venetian trade reaches across the known world. Merchant ships carry salt, silks, glass and a collection of other goods, both common and rare. Venetian traders are the largest carriers of trade in Europe, with the thousands of ships and a trading tradition continuing to fuel this. 
 *  The Roscol Bank uses local subsidiaries all across Europe to fund trade, with a leaning toward funding trade with Venice. They also fund enterprises across the continent, boosting the economies of the nations which they inhabit. The Roscol Bank invests conservatively. While this doesn't bring in as much wealth as other nations' banking, such as the Dutch, it results in a much more robust level of equity. 
 *  Due to the stability of business and protection afforded to private enterprise in Venice, many merchants set up shop in the city despite being foreign, utilising the Venetian law to protect their businesses. Criminals and a less divided merchant class mean prosperity for all those involved with Venetian business in some way. 
 * In Veneto Christofo sends letters across Europe to see if there are any eligible grooms and brides for the various Roscol children (GET YOUR ROYAL MARRIAGE HERE!) before they reach the age of 20: Dragano (second son of the Doge and shaping up to be a capable warrior) who is 17 and Giovanni (second son of the Doge's younger brother and a timid but clever boy) who is 13. Medardo and Ida have another boy, who they name Gian. The plague causes the Sigilar Collegantia to form close ties, as they work together to minimise deaths, they all implement Salute Pretors (magistrates of health) to take actions to keep people healthy and to keep the plague at bay. The Consegio de Fe moves to establish the governing principles of the Venetian Church, which at the moment is just a glorified Catholic sect. Propaganda supporting the Venetian Church is spread, blaming lack of faith for the plague. The Tola de Savio Omni declares that Venice will seek to right the wrongs of the past and sets out propaganda against its historical enemy of Milan, even blaming them for the plague. The Order of Saint Mark numbers 20,000 now and numbers are now stable. The beliefs of the true faith are popular amongst commoners - especially those who feel the church does not practice the faith properly. Alexandria is the destination of massive amounts of pilgrimage from True Faith believers who also attempt to convert locals as well as settle down. The True Faithers believe that the plague is God punishing the ill of faith. (reaction to plague) The plague burns through the last of the unaffected population, almost all of the population has been infected although the mortality rate remains at a lucky 10-15%, Venice is most affected and suffers at a rate of 15-20%. While the quarantine works to keep some level of control over the spread, the dockside and slum dwellers are heavily affected. The plague has stopping rising in how many it kills every month but keeps a steady level of deaths going throughout the year. The curfew works well to keep order and stops criminals from taking advantage of the death of property owners caused by the plague. The Consegio de Salute carefully manages what supplies enter the Dogado. Economically, Venice is not suffering as badly as it would seem, the plague is eating through many of the slum class and trade still occurs at a good level. The Doge will not cut Venice off from trade, knowing that it would only be futile in attempting to stop the spread of disease and would only harm Venice economically. Venetian traders are actually now supplementing the lack of traders from various other nations that have completely cut themselves off from the world. This occurs particularly in the north where the Netherlands, Eire, Albion although Scandinavian traders continue to compete with Venice. (reaction to Bavaria for Cookie) Christofo signs the Pact of a Thousand years, and orders celebrations to be held throughout the lands. The celebrations are slightly muted by the shadow the effects of the plague has left on the nation but many feel brighter things are ahead. (reaction to players) The Doge offers either his second son Dragano or his nephew Christofo to marry a woman of equal worth to Albion. The Doge eagerly wishes to discuss the issue of canal access with Alexandria. He sends an envoy, particularly one who has survived the plague, to meet and discuss the issue. Furthermore, the Doge offers to help other nations in their printing industries (GET YOUR PRINTING INDUSTRY HERE!) via Venessian Stanpar by establishing large printing workshops in their capitals with help from experienced Venetian workers, largely to continue trying to counteract the attempts from Pskov to break Venetian influence in the north and east. Venetian and Ottoman envoys discuss various issues in private about the future of Ottoman-Venetian relations. The expedition to the northern German states is largely considered to have failed, Epirus and Venice along with its vassals withdraw all their forces back to their lands. The Economic upturn due to the plague finally subsiding does a lot to allay the costs of the expedition and the Doge is glad he did not send a full force north.
 * In the Free Port of Porto Tolle the military grows.
 * In the Province of Istra the military grows.
 * In the Free Port of Scutari the military grows.
 * In the Province of Albania the military grows.
 * In the Province of Zante the military grows.
 * In the Free Port of Argos the military grows.
 * In the Province of Attica the military grows.
 * In the Province of Mytilene the military grows.
 * In the Province of Candelore the military grows.
 * In the Province of Morocco the military grows.
 * MIl-turn
 * Epirote Republic:
 * In Epirus the economy grows.
 * In the Free Ports of Epirus the economy grows.
 * In the Province of Valona the economy grows.
 * In the Province of Arta the economy grows.
 * Eco-turn
 * Venetian Empire:
 * In the Province of Aegina the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * In the Free Port of Athens the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * In the Province of Candia the military grows. Mil-turn
 * In the Corfiot Protectorate the military grows. Mil-turn
 * In the Province of Kaffa the military grows. Mil-turn
 * In the Naxian Protectorate the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * In the Province of Negroponte the military grows. Mil-turn
 * In the Free Port of Ragusa the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * In Sanafah, the population continues to turn towards Chritianity and Latinized Malagasy, much to the chagrin of the dying Emir. His son, Bakr III, is crowned Emir in May by the leading Imam on Madagasikara. Bakr's acension leads to a Personal Union between the Comoros and Sanafah, but the Comoros are also undergoing rapid conversion to Christianity and Latinized Malagasy, with some Spanish influences. Bakr III is less dedicated to halting the spread of Christianity but still prefers the traditional Muslim faith Sanafah inherited from the Mashriqi Sultanate. Meanwhile, Chieftain Tiavina grows older and begins to transfer responsibilities to his son, Andry, who is an openly converted Christian. This brings many smaller Chiefs to consider conversion, and a number do convert. Spanish becomes a largely spoken second language amongst scholars who are now in regular contact with Spaniard explorers. Population, trade, and standard of living all continue to increase rapidly as new technologies are introduced. The newly renovated navy now consists of 30 galleys, around 120 canoes, and Mahajanga is now working on a caravel under the direction of a Spanish designer. Sakalava is now pretty much all culturally Sakalavan and united, but the recent gains made by Spanish and Christian cultures challenge this unity as many start to convert and learn Spanish for better trade. The Comoros, now in Personal Union, continue to struggle between Christian and Muslim factions and indentities. One notable result of this struggle is that Pembara now expands to the north -- around Mtwara -- because many Christians, who are somewhat persecuted, decide to leave for Pembara. Military turn.
 * Sofala continues to experience widespread Latinization and conversion to the Chritianity brought by the constant flow of Spanish ships. Sofala expands to the north this year, in a move to connect the Pembaran and Sofalan states to form on larger state. Merina and Betsimisaraka are merged this year to form the Chiefdom of Toamisina, named for the largest city in the region. The new state gains infrastructure, and is now considered up to par with the rest of the Madagasikara League.
 * Betsileo, the last Dynastic Union state of the Madagasikara League, continues to develop as Christianity and Latinized Malagasy, and Spanish, spreads. Betsileo continues to adjust culturally to the rest of the primarily-Sakalavan states and prepares for its eventual acension to Personal Union member once Tiavina passes away.
 * Aztec Empire: With the last year only being a continuance of the empire's military growth. This year political tensions rise between the Zapotec and Aztec border claims. The sudden death of Emperor Montezuma II [56] does not make the politics any smoother. As the government and elites of the Aztec Empire, wish to push a war declaration against the Zapotec, the Emperor Cuachtemoc [46] refuses. He then is able to have the elites come to understanding that war will not be declared until, the Mayan Empire has agreed to join the war against the Zapotec. The military is expanded, and reaches a count of 72,000. The population decreases slightly to 4.9 million. Huatlan, the captain of the north, is assigned to build fortifications along the northern border of the Zapotec and Aztec lines. Making it very clear the northern lands, must not be lost. Military hospitals are made up to date in the surrounding forts. Centralization continues, as the majority of the Aztec Empire, is now made up of off breed Aztec peoples. With Emperor Cuachtemoc's beginning reign, although it doesn't seem that way, the people rally to the war call.
 * Castile: The Castilian economy has massively swelled with thanks to the creation of the Spanish confederation and the addition of Aragon's trade and military fleet at Castile's disposal. Castile, as leader of the Spanish confederation, begins a series of economic and military reforms on all the kingdoms in order to expand all the local economies and militaries and centralize the confederation's economies in general. Castile at this point has explored farther down Africa establishing multiple trade posts along the way and reaching a point where the sea rounds the continent. However, the failure of supplies has led to this exploration fleet having to turn back. Castile has begun the development of a series of new ships meant to replace some of the aging designs and add some new innovations. The Castilian navy begins to replace multiple ships with the new carracks as some of the largest ships in the Castile fleet. The Castilian renaissance with the addition of Aragon's renaissance techniques has exploded significantly and with permission from the monarchy embroiled with organizing the Spanish confederacy and multiple projects the Renaissance has led to a mass amount of art and technological innovation being developed. Castile and its confederacy and vassals has now fully converted to the Western Church with the only exception being Cyprus due to its Orthodox roots and Orthodox leadership which prevents a total conversion. The Castilians begins to suffer issues within heavy trade cities of Gibraltar, and Seville as this disease begins killing many people. The Regent of the king and the king himself as well as the council agree to seal the king in the royal palace for the time being to prevent this disease from killing him. The Castilian royal army now numbering about 60,000 is mobilized and tries to contain the disease using information gleamed from the romans spread of medical and quarantine knowledge this is somewhat successful but for the most part the disease remains hard to quarantine and is relatively hard to predict or track. Castile rounds the Cape of Good Hope and sets up another small trading post. The Kingdom of Castile is pushed down to a population of about 6.6 million. However, death rates begin to slow as birth rates show minor population growth for the first time in nearly two or three years. Total deaths is at 300,000 now with births keeping the population from sinking any further. King Ferdinand is now 14 years old. Castile regardless of the plague organizes a fleet of 12 ships to go through the canal for trade and exploratory purposes with multiple ships being filled to the brim with supplies and others with trade goods these ships make their first stop in Yemen. Three more unrelated ships push for mapping East Africa using the well established ports to do so pushing towards the Sanafah having much more supplies this time. The Kingdom of Granada is formally integrated into Castile with Ferdinand now 16 taking more and more responsibility preparing to take the throne next year. King Ferdinand makes an appearance in Granada for is coronation as the King of Castile and Integrated Granada as well as a coronation of his kingship over aragon fully. Castile expands its horizons on West African trade using a series of local trade posts outside of Oyos control to gain what it needs and prevent Castilian traders from being taken advantage of. Castile prepares for the royal marriage between King Ferdinand and Katrina of Alexandria.
 * Kingdom of Aragon: The relatively good treatment of Aragon by Castile and the fallacy of actions of the previous king in burning various areas and completely razing Aragon's capital city have forever earned the enmity and hate of most of the Aragonian people, many of which believed they could continue their lives under Castile in a better fashion, with greater access to Castile's vast diplomatic, trade and military power. This, along with common religion and semi-related language, has led to a nearly seamless transition into the personal union. Nobles have been appointed by Prince Carlos of Castile personally who has personally overseen the majority of the war in Aragon which with his expertise, charisma and swaying abilities has led to many supporting his decisions on either side. Carlos himself is appointed the transitional governor of Aragon in order to facilitate a much smoother transition. The Kingdom's navy previously seized is returned to people sympathetic to Castilians and the military navy in particular is given to a series of respected and well known Aragonians loyal to Castile. Aragon's assimilation into Castile cultural base begins due to many nobles now speaking Spanish (Castilian) which shows a notable effect of a few people especially merchants and some developing artisans which are currently able to speak the language proficiently. Aragonians spurred on by Prince Carlos to rebuild Zaragoza continue the work needed to rebuild the city and the various burned towns surrounding the city with the city being moderately repaired. For the time being, however, the capital of Aragon proper is migrated to Valencia. With Castilian assistance various infrastructural areas are rebuilt and the military is expanded to a token force of 5000. Along with this support the Aragonian economy recovers slowly with a slow but controlled influx of Castilian economic aid helping Aragon recover. The Aragonian Navy is allowed by Castile to move toward settlements in the Canaries down into Capo Verde, and according to Castilian trade agreements docks in Oyo for trade nearly doubling their previous range. This is pushed down further pushing underneath Oyo farther down the coast using Castilian trade posts to explore. Aragon suffers isease casualties in Barcelona and a few in Valencia, efforts are made to lessen the deaths.
 * Kingdom of Cyprus: The King of Cyprus is now King Alexander of Cyprus. The King of Cyprus begins to see Castilian culture not as a dominant force but a possible blendable culture that can fit well within Cypriot society. The economy and military of the country is built up as is the infrastructure with a nice road system being built throughout the country. Cyprus gaining large funds from being a Castilian trade hub, begins building a few ships domestically, and purchases ships from Castile, or her allies shipwrights forming a respectable Cypriot navy of almost 90 ships with expected expansion to come. This expansion has been achieved specifically thanks to huge amounts of outsourcing to private shipwrights. Cyprus begins to see an exodus of the Knights Hospitaller west to Castile and her territories and King Matthias begins a larger recruitment for the military managing to raise a force of nearly 10,000. This force is largely funded through the large trade Cyprus has gathered. The troops are styled after Castile's royal army and Cyprus embarks on an intense training program in order to bring them up to standards. The Knights, with many departing also have many older and other knights stay due to their close ties with Cyprus. They remain to run the Knights Hospitaller in Cyprus for the foreseeable future while a large number have migrated across the sea. The Kingdom of Cyprus due to the recent issues in Castile reluctantly recognizes Carlos and his Regency for Prince Ferdinand . Cyprus itself with its fleet of nearly 100 ships begins to take after the Venetian example with trade and begins to put Cypriot merchant ships into state possession for trade in order to help with the kingdom's finances and heavy trade. This show immediate results as a relative increase in funding and attention to trade between Castile and her allies begins to improve the quality of trade. Cyprus shows many casualties from the disease due to its trade hub situation. Cyprus sends about 1000 knights to Alexandria for her crusade.
 * Kingdom of Morocco: The less fortunate and disenfranchised are converted. The Kingdom itself is a Christian kingdom with a similar situation of early Castile and Aragon, with large numbers of Muslims and a small number of Christians. However, the Christian community in Morocco is expanded thanks to the influx of traders and settlers from Castile and some other immigrants looking for an opportunity to live a new life here. The Kingdom establishes its capital in Casablanca and with this, begins a major point of establishing a major military presence in the area. The infrastructure, particularly in dealing with transport and water, is expanded to accommodate more people but the only people allowed to settle are Christians - particularly from Hispania. A notable number of Castilians settle the area. The leader of Morocco styled a king, out of respect deducts himself in rank to Prince of Morocco as the throne is only to be held by the King of Castile himself if it's ever required. The country begins the construction of various canals and cultivates trees farther inland to help increase arable farmland. The Moroccan economy continue to expand with greater trade coming from Castile and the Canaries all the way down to Capo Verde increasing the relative wealth. The disease hits Morocco but not as hard throughout as in the cities as the country is much less densely populated.
 * Kongo: The recently vassalized Kongo and its Christian population begins to go on a larger "crusade" to convert its brothers in the region and begins a major program meant at taking the Christian areas and consolidating them into ruleable areas, etc. The Kingdom begins to work toward a trade and production economy focusing on helping provide resources for Castile's burgeoning West African trade network. The King of the Kongo converting to Christianity and being baptised begins to call for the expansion of ports to the best of the Kongolese architects' abilities. With the King also adopts the name John, in favor of the king who began these exploratory operations down the coast of Africa. The King also organized a band of Christian soldiers who help keep the peace who also begin to help with conversions to Christianity as a series of missionaries and high level priests from the Western Church have come on a ship hearing of many pagans and heretics to convert. The King does his best to begins expanding the military and economy and using the protection status from Castile and the whole of the Spanish confederation wages a secret war over opponents to the the few petty kingdoms claiming to own the entirety of the Kongo.
 * Alexandria: Trade continues to increase as the ports are re-established and more people are converted to Coptic Christianity due to the See of Saint Mark's presence, including those of the True Faith, the Christian region of Alexandria is nowhere near as harmed as the Islamic region by the plague (due to better living conditions), leaving many Muslims to reconsider their faith. Resources and military are sent to Aiguptia to build and protect  the canal as that process continues and workers are encouraged to go seek out this opportunity - especially minority groups, which is seen workers begin to die due to tough conditions. To replace workers higher wages are offered and living conditions. The Philadelphi Canal opens to light traffic and medium sized ships, but traffic is carefully monitered due to the plague. Grigorios is delighted to marry the Princess of Ethiopia.  The Reclamation of Egypt finishes with the Sultanate of Egypt being fully annexed in Alexandria and Aiguptia. The economy is threatened by stagnation due to the plague. Luckily, the war effort leads to many finding jobs creating weapons and jobs in taking the rest of Egypt. Christians in North African nations are invited to immigrate to Alexandria. Missionaries and dignitaries remain in the Nubia region hoping to convert and influence some of the Nile cities (Turn Five). The kingdom of Makuria is rumored to be formed. The land acquired from Yemen by the Red Sea sees a small port town established for sailors and merchants to rest before going into the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean, there is a medium increase in population as more people look to get into the trade business and avoid the plague. Officials here plan for immigration but do not anticipate the amount of immigrants this year, and balancing that with living conditions that must be kept up to minimize the plague's deadly effect. Alexandria continues to worry about the plague and takes great precautionary action and inspects goods and traders and their ships, but the toll continues to rise. In the province of Judea they continue to raise up soldiers to protect both Christian, Islamic and Jewish pilgrimages. Taxes are not like those in Alexandria where they favor Christians, but rather equal for all three of these religions. Small amounts of conversions take place mainly converting Christians and Muslims to Coptic Christianity. The court of Alexandria believes nearly 800,000 will be dead throughout Egypt due to war or plague.  The region of Egypt is consolidated into the kingdom and divded into provinces.
 * Aiguptia: Continues to stabilize the nation. Engineers, cartographers and philosophers from all trade partners are offered jobs to work on expanding the Philadelphi Canal to take on present day cogs, treasure fleets and other ships. The Philadelphi Canal successful opening in August of 1475 results in a great end of the year for trade despite the plague, at many points ships can pass freely using two separate canals or wide manmade lakes. However, there are still flows to be worked out, and portions to be widened. Workers flow in seeking work and benefits that stream from the jobs, even those from disorganized areas of the former Mashriq Sultanate and the new Sultanate in Egypt, especially since some are trying to escape the plague, but this migration slows down considerable toward the end of the year. Aiguptia increases efforts to house these immigrant workers and assist them in finding jobs for after the canal is complete. Citizens and people in the surrounding regions and province are converted to Coptic Christianity. Missionaries continue to convert people, especially in Cairo. Cairo also attracts many in anticipation of the canal. The city at the crossing point of the canal OTL Zagazig, begins to be filled by merchants and people looking to get involved in the trade industry, but becomes known for poorer living conditions and being put at risk for the plague. Military learns as they progress in the war. Missionaries and organizers are sent to Nubia region to assist in building a kingdom their. Rumors persist that the officials are close to organizing a kingdom in Nubia (next turn?). Aiguptia expands 100 px into the Sinai Peninsula.
 * Kiev Closes its borders to the Golden Horde, and Pskov lends more money to Muscovy so that they can improve their military. Pskov works more on its quarantine infrastructure and some roads, with the economy continuing to decline due to lack of trade, much unrest is happening as more and more believe the cause of the plague is God smiting Europe for the practice of primogeniture, the passing of titles from father to son, and not elected. The belief that the only way to please God is to elect the leaders, why else would the church elect a patriarch, or the Catholics a Pope? Meanwhile, the number of new cases of the plague gradualy decreases throughout the year as the quarantine measures seem to be working. Pskov gets less money from Muscovy as much is going to the plague and consequences of quarantine. Muscovy nearly defaults, until Pskov "forgives" a large portion of its debt, in exchange for new mint deals, and for Muscovy to try to spread more influence to Kiev, as Muscovy is now the only nation not quarantined by Kiev, due in part to Pskovo-Muscovian influence.
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Forward: A large thanks to Kunarian for providing much welcomed, creative contributions to my Eleanor/Jacqueline story. Landshut expands its military. The population continues to rise. Grand Duchess Eleanor and her council continue to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with twenty-five very large cogs being finished, and by 1476 a trade route is put in place. Such important places in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany, due to a longstanding trade deal. Continuing in 1476, Eleanor commissions six cogs to sail around western Mediterranean coasts. The market center in Landshut continues to attract Bavarian and Venetian traders. In religious news, around 75% of the country adheres to the Western Church. Most adherents live around Munchen and Landshut. In other news, Bavaria continues implementing the Alliance and Merchant Act as well as the Militia and Navy Act. Eleanor ends her predecessors policies of advancing Sedevanticism in the government. As the new Grand Duchess, Eleanor continues to vet and interrogate most of the powerful nobles of Bavaria. To work more efficiently, she appoints Vallerio Volpe as her spymaster. Within months he is able to indict several nobles in various plots against Eleanor. By the end of the year, Eleanor hosts a more developed middle class in Trausnitz than her numerous predecessors had. This earns her the sobriquet "The Middling Queen" to flavor the already popular "Merchant Queen" title. In other news, Eleanor continues to develop her cousin's seemingly successful administrative policies. In plague news, city walls continue to be maintained as the death toll rises (to the thousands) across the country. Eleanor orders her court to carry incense and herbs to curb the "bad airs" and "miasmas" that carry the plague. She also orders all rats seen to be killed in Landshut. Suspecting that dirtiness and lack of hygiene may have an effect on disease spread, several court physicians delve into research. Several of them begin to bathe regularly and clean their hands, hoping that God may smile upon cleanliness, productivity, and hygiene and remove the afflictions felt at hand. Supplies from Venice, including barrels of food and medicine. In national news, Eleanor officially introduces the Common Courts of Bavaria, which are various courthouses set up in Landshut, Munchen, Regensburg, Nurnburg, and Straubing where lower classes may argue legal cases against their lord. Eleanor instructs many judges and officials to implement this and states that a codified constitution of laws will be introduced before the end of the decade. In personal news, Eleanor fancies the idea of referring to herself as the Queen in Bavaria, signifying her power and the power of Bavaria itself. Many are wary of this idea and do not want to upset the Emperor. Eleanor remains with her title of Grand Duchess for now. Beginning in January, Eleanor's privy council makes the decision to launch a nation-wide census of population. Results are expected by mid- 1477. In diplomatic news, Bavaria seeks to pacify the situation between Hesse and Westphalia and seeks friendly relations with the latter nation/Koln. 
 * Munchen: By 1476, the total class of Queen Isabell University amounts to about 2780 men. Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. In recent news, unemployment begins to crawl upward after the suspension of the Roscol Bank in Landshut. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die.
 * Wurzburg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, a great handful show signs of sickness and dozens die. The clergy of Wurzburg find small solace as the Grand Duchess is the somewhat temperate, analytical Eleanor.
 * Colorado Confederation: The Civil War between the Confederation and the Coalition continues with the Confederation winning the border battles and advancing southward as a result of the internal chaos of the Coalition. Expansion toward the coast also continues as a result of the internal chaos of the Coalition.
 * Novgorod: We continue the production of Koch boats, cannons, hand cannons, advanced crossbows, swords, and composite bows, increasing our military capabilities in case of war. The nation’s training and advancement of military continues. The recent classes of Koch ships are being manufactured in Novgorod. The town of St Patriksburg’s population grows a bit more that last year. As the construction of the town improves, the Kremlin finishes, trade becoming more in demand, the town gains slightly. Because of the trade road built with Tver our economy increases. After seeing a great success with the private schools in the cities of Novgorod, St Patriksburg, Staraya Russa, and Nizhny Novgorod. We start building another private school in Rostov and Yaroslavl. We complete building private schools in Torzhok and a private school in Staraya Ladoga. We dedicate this turn to military. We continue to establish ties with our allies Muscovy and Pskov. We answer the requests from Pskov and close borders to non-Russian nations and institute quarantine to try to stop the plague.
 * Tver: We complete the construction of the private school in Tver and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Yaroslavl, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Yaroslavl: We complete the construction of the private school in Yaroslavl and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Rostov: We completed the construction of the private school in Rostov and start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Yaroslavl, Muscovy. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Milan: Work continues on the Certosa di Pavia, the Castle Visconteo, and on the extensive Milan Cathedral. We continue training a proper standing army, utilizing Swiss mercenaries and local recruits. With border disputes now settled between the nations of Austria and Switzerland, we continue opening friendly relations with both nations in hopes of repairing our diplomatic relations and protecting our northern border. We continue constructing cogs and galleys to strengthen our navy and protect our interests on the seas. Our infrastructure is upgraded in our nation and in our vassals. Quarantine goes into effect in our nation to minimize the effectiveness of the plague. Ships are prevented from reaching our ports, having a costly effect on our economy, but luckily it seems to slow the spread of disease. Aid continues to be sent to the Christian nation of Alexandria in their righteous war against the Muslims of Egypt, and we are pleased that their war was so successful. Milanese traders begin operating in Alexandria, Padua, Austrian ports such as Trieste and Melilla, and our own, among others.
 * Trier: We upgrade our military and economy. The states around us are influenced. Trade routes are established, opening trade among Hesse, Cologne and Austria and her vassals. We dedicate this turn to infrastructure expansion, building several defenses, and roads to link towns across the nation. Fortifications around our capital are improved and updated.

1477
Multiple highly hostile tribes and villages along Africa's east coast prevent any further expansion along Africa's east coast for years as the utter brutality of the attacks leaves none willing to settle and expand the territory of Sanafah and her coastal Vassal.

The disease in Europe and West Africa finally begins to die out with millions having been killed by it while it continues to rage and cause major damage in China and the Indian nations.

The leader of Marwar has a child putting him in line to be able to seize the throne of the Mughals.

'''This should be the current leader of Marwar, just FYI. Sky Green 24 07:39, April 19, 2014 (UTC)'''

'''No, he was born after the POD and doesn't exist ATL. 15:33, April 19, 2014 (UTC)'''

'''The Aztecs begin to suffer from a lack of public want for a war with Zapotec with the Soconusco debacle still in their minds. The military may be somewhat ready but the populace of the Aztecs remains fully against a war. The Mayan nobility not wishing to squander their recent resurgence on a war as well also shows disagreement on a declaration of war. (Both get the non-supported modifiers in the algo).'''

 Announcement:   '''If you are making galleons or frigates please stop, Frigates are years and years early as are galleons. You also need a legitimate reason to invent said ships instead of "just because." Many of these ships were developed by nations such as Spain, Portugal or the Netherlands for their own efforts. Other nations have no business building these and they are not considered plausible. Please edit your turns mentioning these accordingly. '''

'''Okay, this event is completely biased. There is no reason to make this event. You are inhibiting my nation. Feud, you can not create events for me as you are soon to come to America. If this event is made legal I'm resigning immediately as any realistic thing I've tried has been made implausible or is just made null because of event. I'm sick of it. SwankyJ (talk) 01:14, April 19, 2014 (UTC)'''

'''You just lost Soconusco in a complete smackdown. The Aztecs wouldn't be so quick to go invade someone when they can't even hold onto people that are ethnically the same. This is a product of your own overexpansionism in game. No offence, but you go fight events, and do all this crap and expect zero repercussion. That is exactly what you want: zero repercussion. You completely overexpanded, and then attempted to create and settle an area you had no plausible way of expanding into. You can not expect me to believe that after losing Soconusco that your people will be willing to go invade someone who is of a different nationality and attempt to annex their territory. That is absolutely ridiculous. Your Aztec empire has been rampantly implausible along with 75% of the Americas. -Feud'''

'''Disease, or meteor? 15:33, April 19, 2014 (UTC)'''

What did we say a while back about putting objections to mod posts on the talk page?-Lx (leave me a message) 20:13, April 19, 2014 (UTC)

'''Doesn't matter I am leaving. SwankyJ (talk) 22:32, April 20, 2014 (UTC)'''


 * Portugal: Continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Leiname. By this time, the colony in Leiname starts to export wheat to Portugal. Meanwhile, some Portuguese explorers continue to explore the African coast. The Açores continue to be settled. Meanwhile, shipwrights start to fuse and modify aspects of ships that are known to operate around the Atlantic and the Mediterranean, in order to develop larger ocean-going ships. Meanwhile, Urraca gives birth to a girl, who is named Brianda.
 * Guaymi: Emperor Tiarokwete and his wife have a third child, naming her Shizawa, becoming the nation's first princess under the new leadership. The new official written language has come full circle and has unified the nation. The Emperor, feeling distanced with his people, goes on a year long tour to encourage people to move closer to the three major cites so the nation can become more centralized. The population peaks at 22,500 (Fued, I know you are going to argue but consider it a steady growth of around 5% per year, from the original 15,000 for the past ten years). The local economy stands strong as the fishing industries yield great catches this year improving the economy. The Emperor, with a desire to move northward toward the fellowship's newfound water source, expands the nation and annexes land 2 px north, using infantry soldiers form the army to help oversee the annexing and road builiding towards the nation in the newly acquired land.  (Also to the mapmaker: the two pink dots for Guaymi should be connected as the Guaymians have successfully annexed Ngoble-Bugle). The military, not helping in the expansion of the nation, continues to train as they did last year.


 * Hamburg-Mecklenburg: The economy picks up as the plague dies down. Shipbuilding increases and focus on exploring the African coast resurges. The HTSC plans a voyage from Hamburg, to Williamsburg, to Neue Lüneburg, to Schöne Blume, before heading south for the Kongo. Rumors reach Hamburg that Castile has rounded the southern coast of Africa, further inspiring Hamburg to head south. The voyage is set to leave in 1478.
 * Ruppin: Infrastructure expanded.
 * Magdeburg: Infrastructure expanded.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The disease continues killing many. The king attempts to avoid such an event but it fails only spreading it harder in regions of Basel, Lorraine and Burgundy - as well as in Sardinia where it kills hundreds without any seeming cause. The death toll reaches a half million since the start and many corpses accumulate throughout the domains, impelling the need for a better way to avoid the kingdom and bringing many to doubt the king's might on the French monarchic lands. This is even more acute in regions like Sardinia far from the central government. The vassalage of Aargau continues as well as the vassalage of Foix. Limoges vassalage begins.
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up. Economy expands. The infection rages on killing many in the region. Vassalage of Furstenburg begins as well.
 * Albret: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Nemour: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Guyenne: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Berry: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Armagnac: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region. Some begin to question the king of France's choices and begin wondering about establishing their own state.
 * Basel: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Aargau: Military and economy are built up. The French presence begins to felt. However, the attempts to establish a pro-Germanic government in order to avoid eventual uprisings, internal vassalization begins as well to fully convince German leadership.
 * Foix: Military and economy are built up.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. the population native drops to 450,000 (from around 750,000 in the region) due mostly to the plague and the war. French nobles begin to arrive due to the relative power void. While this, navy of the French begin docking in Tunis, soon renamed Carthage.
 * As I said last turn, you can only work on ONE thing per turn. It's either an economic turn or a military one. 
 * He knows what he's doing. Please stop harassing him. If he didn't know what he was doing you would have already seen me say something. So please stop 
 * I apologise, I didn't realise that he was exempt from the rules. Callumthered (talk) 22:38, April 19, 2014 (UTC)
 * County of Oldenburg: With the plague now significantly dies down, Christian focuses on re-invigorating the comital military. One new cog and one new sloop are ordered for the navy. This action has the dual advantage of helping the economy by providing jobs, and helping the military by providing it with new ships. The small "Naval College" on the bay is expanded significantly, with three new classrooms and five new masters, all previous navigators on either naval or OHG ships. The army command structure is overhauled, and a recruiting drive started. People in Osnabruck and neighbouring countries are also encouraged to join the Count's army if they so wish. (This is a military turn). In other news, the East Frisian Isles lift their self-imposed isolation, and Prince Konrad, Princess Katharina, Heriditary Princess Adelheid and Prince Konrad the Younger return from Neu Baltrum. The OHG has a good whaling and sealing season, rejoicing in making a stable profit once more.
 * Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: The plague begins to die down and Bishop Klemens gives a huge mass of thanks and praise. With things starting to settle down again, Klemens restarts his Episcopal Bank of Osnabruck. The plague has left many free tenants dead. The remaining freemen, seeing an opportunity, offer to lease the lands of their dead neighours from the Church (the sole landholder in the country). Of course, this requires an initial outlay of capital, so many freemen go to the EBO to get a loan.
 * Hesse: With the war sufficiently lost, we agree to the treaty of Paderborn. Heinrich III also lets Wilhelm I become Grand Duke, stepping down from being a Prince-Regent. We begin reconstruction efforts. We start pulling back from containing the plague, sending efforts on rebuilding. The mass graves start to slowly become less common, as many disappear.
 * Cuzco: Economy and Infrastructure are improved. Population hits 119,000.
 * Wanka: Economy and infrastructure improve. Population hits 21,000
 * Qullasuyu: Uprisings begin in the district, The Cuzcan army moves in to aid Qullasuyu's government against the uprising.
 * China does what it can to slow infections across the nation. Thousands still perish but the history of plagues in China has granted some experience and immunity with them. China continues integrating the annexed lands of Inner Mongolia and the process of taming the horse lords of the north. To the south, relations with the Tran Dynasty in Vietnam are improved while Lao Xing and the Khmer Empire expand their economies. China begins asserting pressure on the remaining Taiwanese states to join Tainan in a unifed nation. Tainan expands into the mountains of Taiwan encountering stiff resistance. The Haixi and Mongols develop their infrastructure while Korea works on its economy. The Chinese lands in Japan work on integration and stability whilst China itself develops its shipyards with naval engineers planning to build ships that are smaller and more maneuverable.
 * The Nation of the Oirats: Cement and iron increase in production. Iron weapons are now majorly used. As we increase in population, we slowly target our expansion northward. We expand 50 px to the North. We continue to develop our firearms. We continue to study the printing press and make more of them. We buy more books from China. We continue making more muskets. We now have 10,000 primitive musketeers. We begin building up our military and create even tougher practices. We tirelessly battle the Mongols.
 * We apologise to China and we hope to restart trade. We will help China to destroy the rest of Mongol Khanate.
 * Prussia: The Prussians continue to convert to the Western Church. The last victims of the plague are buried.
 * Courland: The Curonians also continue developing their economy and military. The Curonians also continue converting to the Western Church. The last victims of the plague are buried.
 * Ossel-Wiek: Ossel-Wiek also continues developing their economy and military. Ossel-Wiek also continues converting to the Western Church. The last victims of the plague are buried.
 * Ayutthaya: Continues to experience a population boost. With the treaties signed the Khmer, our economy and influence grows exponentially. The Golden Army continues to train, and their extreme training policies spread to the rest of the armies of the Kingdoms. The central government thus argues that since the standing armies have the same allegiance and the same training, they should be united, with only individual militias being raised from the Kingdoms. Extreme actions are taken to deal with the threat of spread south from China, with ships being quarantined for days to ensure that they do not have plague, and with any plague bodies being burnt and disposed of. The renovations of the city of Ayutthaya are finished at the end of the year, and new siege equipment - especially involving cannons and gunpowder weaponry - is empahasised in defense and offesnsive maneuvers. Padang is annexed unto to kingdoms of Ayuhtthaya, leaving Aceh, Sukhottai, and Sri Vijaya as the only vassals of Ayutthaya. More influence is piled on the Khmer, capitalizing on the marriage, as the King's first daughter is now Queen of Ayutthaya. Relations continue to improve between Muslims, Buddhists and Hindus, with spread of Islam growing fast. All vassals expand their economies. We greatly thank China for their gift of Sukhottai. 
 * Alexandria: Trade continues to increase as the ports are re-established and more people are converted to Coptic Christianity due to the See of Saint Mark's presence, including those of the True Faith, the Christian region of Alexandria is nowhere near as harmed as the Islamic region by the plague (due to better living conditions), leaving many Muslims to reconsider their faith. Resources and military are sent to Aiguptia to build and protect  the canal as that process continues and workers are encouraged to go seek out this opportunity - especially minority groups, which is seen workers begin to die due to tough conditions. To replace workers higher wages are offered and living conditions. The Philadelphi Canal opens to light traffic and medium sized ships, but traffic is carefully monitered due to the plague. The economy is no longer threatened by stagnation due to the plague and begins to pick up as the plague dies off. Christians in North African nations are invited to immigrate to Alexandria . Missionaries and dignitaries remain in the Nubia region hoping to convert and influence some of the Nile cities (Turn Six). The kingdom of Makuria is rumored to be formed. The land acquired from Yemen by the Red Sea sees a small port town established for sailors and merchants to rest before going into the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean, there is a medium increase in population as more people look to get into the trade business and avoid the plague. Officials here plan for immigration but do not anticipate the amount of immigrants this year, and balancing that with living conditions that must be kept up to minimize the plague's deadly effect. Alexandria continues to worry about the plague and takes great precautionary action and inspects goods and traders and their ships, but the toll continues to rise. In the province of Judea they continue to raise up soldiers to protect both Christian, Islamic and Jewish pilgrimages. Taxes are not like those in Alexandria where they favor Christians, but rather equal for all three of these religions. Small amounts of conversions take place mainly converting Christians and Muslims to Coptic Christianity. The court of Alexandria believes nearly 800,000 will be dead throughout egypt due to war or plague.  The region of Egypt is consolidated into the kingdom and divided into provinces.Alexandria makes its final preparations for the marriage of Katrina of Alexandria and King Ferdinand. 
 * Aiguptia: Continues to stabilize the nation. Engineers, cartographers and philosophers from all trade partners are offered jobs to work on expanding the Philadelphi Canal to take on present day cogs, treasure fleets and other ships. The Philadelphi Canal successful opening in August of 1475 results in a great end of the year for trade despite the plague, at many points ships can pass freely using two separate canals or wide manmade lakes. However, there are still flows to be worked out, and portions to be widened. Workers flow in seeking work and benefits that stream from the jobs, even those from disorganized areas of the former Mashriq Sultanate and the new Sultanate in Egypt, especially since some are trying to escape the plague, but this migration slows down considerable toward the end of the year. Aiguptia increases efforts to house these immigrant workers and assist them in finding jobs for after the canal is complete. Citizens and people in the surrounding regions and province are converted to Coptic Christianity. Missionaries continue to convert people, especially in Cairo. Cairo also attracts many in anticipation of the canal. The city at the crossing point of the canal OTL Zagazig, begins to be filled by merchants and people looking to get involved in the trade industry, but becomes known for poorer living conditions and being put at risk for the plague. Military learns as they progress in the war. Missionaries and organizers are sent to Nubia region to assist in building a kingdom their. Rumors persist that the officials are close to organizing a kingdom in Nubia (next turn?). Aiguptia expands 100px into the Sinai Peninsula.
 * Albion Diplomacy: Traders arrive from Albion after waiting for the plague to subside. King Edmund II would like to offer the hand of Wilema of Edinburgh to a young nobleman of Alexandria.
 * Alexandria Dip: Kaleb, a young cousin of King Grigorios is offered to Wilema and Alexandria offers to host the wedding in the Spring 1479.
 * The Kingdoms of Great Albion (Scotland and England) - member nation of the UKGA: The Navy is expanded further with the integration of the Scottish and Breton fleets. The number now stands at 440 ships total. Port Edmundburg continues to experience a growth in population. Albionic settlers continue to explore the surrounding areas. The Albionic Royal Navy begins better mapping Africa for the Crown. After decades of cultural merging, a new, Celto-Germanic culture finally begins to take firmer root. The English language has grown in official use and now royal documents, previously in Latin, are now translated into English. Troops that fought in the Pan-Hispania Wars return home and facilitate a minor baby boom. These experienced soldiers now train the army and navy commanders in advanced battle tactics. All ships passing through the channel are monitored for any signs of infection. The new dialect of English found in Eire has spread to Wales and Scotland. English nobles begin to enjoy the Celtic myths of Eire and Scotland.
 * Brittany: Brittany is officially placed under Albionic influence. The military and navy are expanded.
 * Calais: Military and navy are expanded.
 * Dublin: Dublin undergoes another remodel and expansion to the ports due to the massive influx of trade from Castile and Venice as well as an increased Eire trade.
 * Scotland: Expands navy and military. Pan Albion sentiments grow, Trade increases.
 * Wales: Wales expands its military and navy. Cardiff becomes a large centre of trade for Wales. The Welsh appoint Adam Cyrdger as Royal Minister. The first sessions of parliament are held. Wales does not see as large a population boom as Albion or Scotland, but a minor one, centred around Cardiff and Swansea, does occur.
 * Eire: Eire, having built up trade and infrastructure across the nation for years is in the process of becoming a modern European nation. Clans still remain. However, much of the new growth of the nation is in the new trade ports on the coast, settled by the Norse, or the towns at the hubs of the new roads. Indeed, many of the small towns from 50 years ago are unrecognizable compared to today. Eire seeks to show its power, and we invite monarchs from across Europe to tour the new nation. The military of Eire continues to be modernized. After years of friendship with Albion, a strange new dialect begins to emerge in coastal trade settlements. As the language divide in Albion has ended, and English becomes the tongue of all, traders from England and Eire begin to swap words in the trade settlements on the Irish Sea. The dialect, however, has not seen wide use outside of those settlements. We find that keeping the Southern Europeans away from our ports, who often carry diseases, helps us prevent the spread of the strange new plague. Our vessels continue to explore and trade with our northern neighbors, however, such as Scandinavia and some of the German states that are not affected. We allow Roman Catholic churches to spring up again, after the reunification of the churches, and many reactionary Eire-folk take advantage of it, having practiced their services in secret. Tales of Celtic myths continue to become popular amongst the nobles, and old aspects of pre-Norman Hiberno-Roman culture begin to be rediscovered. Copy for Bfox.
 * Zapotec: Tlaco II expands Danibaan's influence in the surrounding city-states by way of the Zapotec Alliance. Roadways connecting cities in the alliance help merchants and soldiers move more freely between them. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. In the coastal regions under Danibaan's influence, more boats are created. Tlaco orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Daibaan continues expanding into the surrounding city-states north along the gulf coast. Trade with the Aztecs commences after years of stagnation under Tlaco I. Copy for Cour.
 * Castile: The Castilian economy has massively swelled with thanks to the creation of the Spanish confederation and the addition of Aragon's trade and military fleet at Castile's disposal. Castile, as leader of the Spanish confederation, begins a series of economic and military reforms on all the kingdoms in order to expand all the local economies and militaries and centralize the confederation's economies in general. Castile at this point has explored farther down Africa establishing multiple trade posts along the way and reaching a point where the sea rounds the continent. However, the failure of supplies has led to this exploration fleet having to turn back. Castile has begun the development of a series of new ships meant to replace some of the aging designs and add some new innovations. The Castilian navy begins to replace multiple ships with the new carracks as some of the largest ships in the Castile fleet. The Castilian renaissance with the addition of Aragon's renaissance techniques has exploded significantly and with permission from the monarchy embroiled with organizing the Spanish confederacy and multiple projects the Renaissance has led to a mass amount of art and technological innovation being developed. Castile and its confederacy and vassals has now fully converted to the Western Church with the only exception being Cyprus due to its Orthodox roots and Orthodox leadership which prevents a total conversion. The Castilians begins to suffer issues within heavy trade cities of Gibraltar, and Seville as this disease begins killing many people. Castile regardless of the plague organizes a fleet of 12 ships to go through the canal for trade and exploratory purposes with multiple ships being filled to the brim with supplies and others with trade goods these ships make their first stop in Yemen. Three more unrelated ships push for mapping East Africa using the well established ports to do so pushing towards the Sanafah having much more supplies this time. The Kingdom of Granada is formally integrated into Castile with Ferdinand now 16 taking more and more responsibility preparing to take the throne next year. King Ferdinand makes an appearance in Granada for is coronation as the King of Castile and Integrated Granada as well as a coronation of his kingship over aragon fully. Castile expands its horizons on West African trade using a series of local trade posts outside of Oyos control to gain what it needs and prevent Castilian traders from being taken advantage of. Castile officially marries King Ferdinand to Katrina of Alexandria. With the disease over in Castile for the most part an estimated 700,000 people were killed with many of them being infants earning the plague the name "Infants Bane". However, population is made up significantly with the addition of nearly one million people integrated from Granada bringing Castile's proper population to nearly 7.5 million and slowly growing again thanks to birth rates recovering. Castile also begins a major army reform with multiple guns being remanufactured to be fired a bit faster and not require the stand to shoot from (even though its still recommended.)
 * Kingdom of Aragon: The relatively good treatment of Aragon by Castile and the fallacy of actions of the previous king in burning various areas and completely razing Aragon's capital city have forever earned the enmity and hate of most of the Aragonian people, many of which believed they could continue their lives under Castile in a better fashion, with greater access to Castile's vast diplomatic, trade and military power. This, along with common religion and semi-related language, has led to a nearly seamless transition into the personal union. Nobles have been appointed by Prince Carlos of Castile personally who has personally overseen the majority of the war in Aragon which with his expertise, charisma and swaying abilities has led to many supporting his decisions on either side. Carlos himself is appointed the transitional governor of Aragon in order to facilitate a much smoother transition. The Kingdom's navy previously seized is returned to people sympathetic to Castilians and the military navy in particular is given to a series of respected and well known Aragonians loyal to Castile. Aragon's assimilation into Castile cultural base begins due to many nobles now speaking Spanish (Castilian) which shows a notable effect of a few people especially merchants and some developing artisans which are currently able to speak the language proficiently. Aragonians spurred on by Prince Carlos to rebuild Zaragoza continue the work needed to rebuild the city and the various burned towns surrounding the city with the city being moderately repaired. For the time being, however, the capital of Aragon proper is migrated to Valencia. With Castilian assistance various infrastructural areas are rebuilt and the military is expanded to a token force of 5000. Along with this support the Aragonian economy recovers slowly with a slow but controlled influx of Castilian economic aid helping Aragon recover. The Aragonian Navy is allowed by Castile to move toward settlements in the Canaries down into Capo Verde, and according to Castilian trade agreements docks in Oyo for trade nearly doubling their previous range. This is pushed down further pushing underneath Oyo farther down the coast using Castilian trade posts to explore. Aragon suffers disease casualties in Barcelona and a few in Valencia, efforts are made to lessen the deaths.
 * Kingdom of Cyprus: The King of Cyprus is now King Alexander of Cyprus. The King of Cyprus begins to see Castilian culture not as a dominant force but a possible blendable culture that can fit well within Cypriot society. The economy and military of the country is built up as is the infrastructure with a nice road system being built throughout the country. Cyprus gaining large funds from being a Castilian trade hub, begins building a few ships domestically, and purchases ships from Castile, or her allies shipwrights forming a respectable Cypriot navy of almost 90 ships with expected expansion to come. This expansion has been achieved specifically thanks to huge amounts of outsourcing to private shipwrights. Cyprus begins to see an exodus of the Knights Hospitaller west to Castile and her territories and King Matthias begins a larger recruitment for the military managing to raise a force of nearly 10,000. This force is largely funded through the large trade Cyprus has gathered. The troops are styled after Castile's royal army and Cyprus embarks on an intense training program in order to bring them up to standards. The Knights, with many departing also have many older and other knights stay due to their close ties with Cyprus. They remain to run the Knights Hospitaller in Cyprus for the foreseeable future while a large number have migrated across the sea. The Kingdom of Cyprus due to the recent issues in Castile reluctantly recognizes Carlos and his Regency for Prince Ferdinand . Cyprus itself with its fleet of nearly 100 ships begins to take after the Venetian example with trade and begins to put Cypriot merchant ships into state possession for trade in order to help with the kingdom's finances and heavy trade. This show immediate results as a relative increase in funding and attention to trade between Castile and her allies begins to improve the quality of trade. Cyprus shows many casualties from the disease due to its trade hub situation. Cyprus sends about 1000 knights to Alexandria for her crusade.
 * Kingdom of Morocco: The Kingdom establishes its capital in Casablanca and with this, begins a major point of establishing a major military presence in the area. The infrastructure, particularly in dealing with transport and water, is expanded to accommodate more people but the only people allowed to settle are Christians - particularly from Hispania. A notable number of Castilians settle the area. The leader of Morocco styled a king, out of respect deducts himself in rank to Prince of Morocco as the throne is only to be held by the King of Castile himself if it's ever required. The country begins the construction of various canals and cultivates trees farther inland to help increase arable farmland. The Moroccan economy continue to expand with greater trade coming from Castile and the Canaries all the way down to Capo Verde increasing the relative wealth. The Kingdom with many canals having been completed has vastly expanded its farmland among other things. Moroccos total population reaches nearly 650,000 with Christianity becoming dominant in the area. Calne-Vicuna is finished and is opened as an center for Christianity in North Africa with a library said to rival old Alexandria's.
 * Kongo: The recently vassalized Kongo and its Christian population begins to go on a larger "crusade" to convert its brothers in the region and begins a major program meant at taking the Christian areas and consolidating them into ruleable areas, etc. The Kingdom begins to work toward a trade and production economy focusing on helping provide resources for Castile's burgeoning West African trade network. The King of the Kongo converting to Christianity and being baptised begins to call for the expansion of ports to the best of the Kongolese architects' abilities. With the King also adopts the name John, in favor of the king who began these exploratory operations down the coast of Africa. The King also organized a band of Christian soldiers who help keep the peace who also begin to help with conversions to Christianity as a series of missionaries and high level priests from the Western Church have come on a ship hearing of many pagans and heretics to convert. The King makes multiple successful campaigns against various of the petty kings in Kongo killing two of them and leaving the third on the run. The Christianization of multiple areas is completed and multiple others are begun.
 * There are no vassals prior to 1500 - what, exactly, is the Kongo?
 * That rule is for colonies only, and in America not Africa. There are separate rules for Africa from what I understand. 
 * The rules are definitely different. I got this confirmed and got the green light from multiple other mods before I even attempted this. -Feud
 * Mughal Empire: The Hindi language continues to spread in the Mughal Empire, causing all of the nobility and a large majority of traders to speak it fluently. Bringing forth a new time for the Empire, Mirza decides to further improve the laws of his Empire. He takes the pressure off the common folk and works on the development of urban areas, causing an economic improvement.
 * Southern Chagatai Khanate: Simillar laws are being passed in the Khanate, although smaller groups dislike the fact that the Hindi language is thrust upon them. (also eco turn)
 * Ethiopia: Alexander Ge'ez becomes the next king of Ethiopia with the death of his mother. At the age of 19 he is the yongest king of Ethiopia. We build up our military and navy. The navy builds more ships for trade. Our nation asks the nation of Alexandria to be ower allies. We expand 50 px south. Our military goes into Iritriya so that we can influence them and annex them later. Our people like our religion of Ethiopian Orthodox and new churches are being built aroung the nation. In the capital city of Addis Ababa we build walls and outposts around the city.
 * Way too much expansion. You can only do one thing, and you can't just send your military in any place ... -Feud
 * How much can I expand each turn, then? - Scarlet
 * In Pskov the unrest growing from the plague amalgomates in the publishing of a book about how the practice of inheriting of leadership from father to son is sinful and the cause of the plague. The dispersial of the book causes a Veche to be convened to pursue the issue of Vladimir Zaytsev's current position as Knyaz, people noticing that the plague started soon after his election to the position as Knyaz, and to outlaw the passing of the Knyazdom from father to son, ergo barring the children of the Knyaz from ever ascending to the position right after their father. This causes a brawl between those who believe it is an affront to God, and those who believe that outlawing people from any governmental position because of their parents goes against all the founding principles of their nation. The brawl was dispersed by the streltsy forces, who managed to not fire a single round, avoiding mortality. A week after the brawl, Knyaz Vladimir Zaytsev promises to resign if there is another outbreak or the amount of plague cases or quarantine city inhabitants increase by a single person. After this announcement, fanaticism slowly dies down and the effects of the renaissance, listening to logic and reason instead of riding of feelings and fanaticism, slowly leads the way for a book on governement published by a graduate of the university with a Master of Philosophy degree, Vadim Grigorivich Bordukov, to write a philosophical piece about systems of government and the meirts of an elected system without restrictions, citing in his introduction, while it is easier to find comfort when we can link two occurrences, the human mind often sees patterns where none exist. In short, correlation does not always imply causation. With less plague, more goods from Europe come into Pskov, improving its economy, and this feeds a cycle of less fanaticism, and people start seeing the error of their ways, while many continue to think that the practice of having unelected leaders begins to be seen as inherently bad by many, and these ideas begin to be spread by merchants and whatnot, and books translated to latin after the end of the plague.​
 * Fusahito Theocracy: A state wedding is held between the Emperor and the daughter of the Hatakeyama Daimyo. As the Daimyo has no male heir, the Emperor is the next in line for leadership of the Hatakeyama state. The wedding is a triumphant affair in the capital Kyoto, with an infantry and cavalry procession to show the might of the new state. Work on the Imperial Temple dedicated to the worship of the Emperor in Kyoto is completed, a pagoda with a height of six stories to celebrate his divine nature. At the same time, a centralised Imperial Army is created with a standing size of 3,000 men to replace the old, smaller army of the previous Shogunate.
 * Venetian Republic:
 *  Books on various topics spread from Venice throughout Europe, continuing the Renaissance. Printed in the Venetian language, they teach of the sciences and humanities and revive learning, spreading knowledge (as well as the language) far and wide. .
 *  With the increased supply of Ducats, the fluidity of European trade increases with Ducat using nations benefiting most. 
 *  Many people sentenced to death are drowned in the canals as is the Venetian tradition. The tradition is becoming the primary way to execute criminals and is spreading to the Venetian territories across Europe. 
 *  Fine wool and silk clothing from Titani is exported across the Mediterranean and Black Sea and begins to set the trend in Renaissance clothing. 
 *  Venetian trade reaches across the known world. Merchant ships carry salt, silks, glass and a collection of other goods, both common and rare. Venetian traders are the largest carriers of trade in Europe, with the thousands of ships and a trading tradition continuing to fuel this. 
 *  The Roscol Bank uses local subsidiaries all across Europe to fund trade, with a leaning toward funding trade with Venice. They also fund enterprises across the continent, boosting the economies of the nations which they inhabit. The Roscol Bank invests conservatively. While this doesn't bring in as much wealth as other nations' banking, such as the Dutch, it results in a much more robust level of equity. 
 *  Due to the stability of business and protection afforded to private enterprise in Venice, many merchants set up shop in the city despite being foreign, utilising the Venetian law to protect their businesses. Criminals and a less divided merchant class mean prosperity for all those involved with Venetian business in some way. 
 * In Veneto Christofo sends letters across Europe to see if there are any eligible grooms and brides for the various Roscol children (GET YOUR ROYAL MARRIAGE HERE!) before they reach the age of 20: Dragano (second son of the Doge and shaping up to be a capable warrior) who is 18 and Giovanni (second son of the Doge's younger brother and a timid but clever boy) who is 14. Towards the end of the year Ida is pregnant again. Salutomo ("health-man" the nickname for Salute Pretors during the plague) becomes the new name for Salute Pretors, which although reduced become a permanent part of the various Sigilar Collegantia's retinue of officials. They monitor disease and health issues amongst workshops and work to produce healthier environments so that workers do not fall ill or become useless due to poor health, more effort is of course invested in skilled worker's health much to the detriment of unskilled workers. The Consegio de Fe moves to establish the governing principles of the Venetian Church, which at the moment is just a glorified Catholic sect. Propaganda supporting the Venetian Church is spread. The Tola de Savio Omni declares that Venice will seek to right the wrongs of the past and sets out propaganda against its historical enemy of Milan, blaming them for the plague. The Order of Saint Mark numbers 20,000 now and numbers are now stable. The beliefs of the true faith are popular amongst commoners - especially those who feel the church does not practice the faith properly. Alexandria is the destination of massive amounts of pilgrimage from True Faith believers who also attempt to convert locals as well as settle down. The True Faithers believe that the plague is God punishing the ill of faith. People from all across Veneto and the Empire looking for opportunity, migrate to the capital of Venice, seeking to replace positions of those who were lost to the plague. The Dogado is finally re-opened and the Doge does a parade through the city, dispersing alms to the populace. The economy picks up massively, and begins to boom as population growth - combined with renewed trade - bring strong growth back to Venice. The choice to not close Venice off to the world also pays off as Venetian merchants now are stronger all across Europe with their trade routes, particularly in the north. (reaction to Bavaria for Cookie) Christofo sends a letter to Eleanor, detailing future plans they agreed upon. The letter notes that the date of the event shall be 1480. (reaction to players) The Doge offers either his second son Dragano or his nephew Christofo to marry a woman of equal worth to Albion. The Doge eagerly wishes to discuss the issue of canal access with Alexandria. He sends an envoy, particularly one who has survived the plague, to meet and discuss the issue. Furthermore, the Doge offers to help other nations in their printing industries (GET YOUR PRINTING INDUSTRY HERE!) via Venessian Stanpar by establishing large printing workshops in their capitals with help from experienced Venetian workers, largely to continue trying to counteract the attempts from Pskov to break Venetian influence in the north and east. Venetian and Ottoman envoys discuss various issues in private about the future of Ottoman-Venetian relations. A letter is sent to Castile detailing plans for what was discussed a few years ago.
 * In the Free Port of Porto Tolle the military grows.
 * In the Province of Istra the military grows.
 * In the Free Port of Scutari the military grows.
 * In the Province of Albania the military grows.
 * In the Province of Zante the military grows.
 * In the Free Port of Argos the military grows.
 * In the Province of Attica the military grows.
 * In the Province of Mytilene the military grows.
 * In the Province of Candelore the military grows.
 * In the Province of Morocco the military grows.
 * Mil-turn
 * Epirote Republic:
 * In Epirus the economy grows.
 * In the Free Ports of Epirus the economy grows.
 * In the Province of Valona the economy grows.
 * In the Province of Arta the economy grows.
 * Eco-turn
 * Venetian Empire:
 * In the Province of Aegina the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * In the Free Port of Athens the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * In the Province of Candia the military grows. Mil-turn
 * In the Corfiot Protectorate the military grows. Mil-turn
 * In the Province of Kaffa the military grows. Mil-turn
 * In the Naxian Protectorate the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * In the Province of Negroponte the military grows. Mil-turn
 * In the Free Port of Ragusa the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * Mapuche:  Mapuche pride continues to grow. The War Band begins replaces the majority of its armor and weapons with iron versions, greatly increasing the power of the military. The economy continues to grow, and the written language becomes more widespread. There are currently 23,100 Mapuche in the territory.
 * Caucasian Confederation: The plague finally begins to abate, having killed a total of 250,000 Caucasian citizens - 150,000 "directly" and another 100,000 from "indirect" factors such as starvation due to logistical breakdowns or secondary illnesses. The continued introduction of gunpowder weapons into the Caucasian armies gradually expands the military potential of the Confederation member states. Meanwhile, Georgia's Mesopotamian enclave at Alexsaportu continues to grow, with local agricultural concerns producing enough food to partially sustain the city; nonetheless, thirteen years remain before it can support a true naval presence.
 * Kingdom of Georgia: Mepe Boris continues integrating Amier-Kavkasia into Georgia, introducing standardized measurement systems (for a certain value of "standard") into the Kavkasian chiefdoms. The integration is expected to take fourteen more years.
 * Principality of Rani: The gradual, bloody conversion of the Azeris to Orthodoxy continues; of the 285,000 Azeris, some 51,000 (18%) now profess Christianity - mostly around the principality court at Arran, though missions have slowly crept eastward into the newly conquered territories. Resistance is fierce, but without a militant core to provide armed force, Muslim Azeri partisans are largely restricted to occasional commerce raids, rinfrequent rioting, and sullen civil disobedience.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire continues to shift its trade to the west, although this slows down due to the opening/restoration of the canal in Egypt. Engineers and soldiers continue to help with the project there. Weapons and books continue to be sent to the Tartar Empire to help the Emperor Theodore defeat his opponents. With the weapons available to the Empire largely reaching a standstill, the Emperor turns his attention toward bettering the health and wealth of his people. To this end, he encourages the continued research into medical care and the expansion and construction of hospitals. Education is also seriously considered once again now that the times of war have passed the Empire by. To help do this, the University of Constantinople considers sending some of its scholars to other parts of the Empire to educate citizens that cannot make the journey to Constantinople. A prominent Latin from Patras, Carlo de Patra, begins his education at the university. He soon begins to amaze his professors with this imaginative and complicated designs and theories related to science and the physical world. (I will elaborate when I return). With the advanced medical research in recent years as well as extensive prior knowledge, the Empire's doctors are able to save people from the plague. However, many still die from either the plague or its complications, including the Emperor's youngest son, leaving Thomas the only heir to the throne. To protect him the royal family retreats to its Thracian estates. The Empire accepts the treaty regarding the canal and sends a small contingent of troops to aid Egypt in its war.
 * Albania: With the revolts in Italian Albania in full swing, the kingdom is not sure how to react. Many of the citizens want the war to happen, and some even move back to help the resistance. The government is much more neutral, concerned if the Roman Empire will back such military action and the thought of waging war on a nation that helped Albania gain independence. The national military is expanded and trained further as a result.
 * Colorado Confederation: The Civil War between the Confederation and the Coalition continues with the Confederation's advance stalling because of rebellions in recently conquered lands and meanwhile, the Coalition builds up its defenses. While the Coalition builds up its defenses there are more rebellions to take advantage of the situation. Expansion toward the coast also continues as a result of the rebellions.
 * Milan: Work continues on the Certosa di Pavia, the Castle Visconteo, and on the extensive Milan Cathedral. We continue training a proper standing army, utilizing Swiss mercenaries and local recruits. With border disputes now settled between the nations of Austria and Switzerland, we continue opening friendly relations with both nations in hopes of repairing our diplomatic relations and protecting our northern border. We continue constructing cogs and galleys to strengthen our navy and protect our interests on the seas. Our infrastructure is upgraded in our nation and in our vassals. Quarantine goes into effect in our nation to minimize the effectiveness of the plague. Ships are prevented from reaching our ports, having a costly effect on our economy, but luckily it seems to slow the spread of disease. Aid continues to be sent to the Christian nation of Alexandria in their righteous war against the Muslims of Egypt, and we are pleased that their war was so successful. Milanese traders begin operating in Alexandria, Padua, Austrian ports such as Trieste and Melilla, and our own, among others. Lucrezia, daughter of Francesco I Sforza is married to Mircea II.
 * Novgorod: We continue the production of Koch boats, cannons, hand cannons, advanced crossbows, swords, and composite bows, increasing our military capabilities in case of war. The nation’s training and advancement of military continues. The recent classes of Koch ships are being manufactured in Novgorod. The town of St Patriksburg’s population grows a bit more that last year. As the construction of the town improves, the Kremlin finishes, trade becoming more in demand, the town gains slightly. Because of the trade road built with Tver our economy increases. After seeing a great success with the private schools in the cities of Novgorod, St Patriksburg, Staraya Russa, and Nizhny Novgorod. We start building another private school in Rostov and Yaroslavl. We complete building private schools in Torzhok and a private school in Staraya Ladoga. We dedicate this turn to military. We continue to establish ties with our allies Muscovy and Pskov. We answer the requests from Pskov and close borders to non-Russian nations and institute quarantine to try to stop the plague.
 * Tver: We complete the construction of the private school in Tver and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Yaroslavl, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Yaroslavl: We complete the construction of the private school in Yaroslavl and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Rostov: We completed the construction of the private school in Rostov and start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Yaroslavl, Muscovy. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Trier: We upgrade our military and economy. The states around us are influenced. Trade routes are established, opening trade among Hesse, Cologne, and Austria and her vassals. We dedicate this turn to infrastructure expansion, building several defenses, and roads to link towns across the nation. Fortifications around our capital are improved and updated.
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Forward: A large thanks to Kunarian for providing much welcomed, creative contributions to my Eleanor/Jacqueline story. Landshut expands its military. The population continues to rise. Grand Duchess Eleanor and her council continue to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with twenty-five very large cogs being finished, and by 1477 a trade route is put in place. Such important places in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany, due to a longstanding trade deal. Continuing in 1477, Eleanor commissions six cogs to sail around western Mediterranean coasts. The market center in Landshut continues to attract Bavarian and Venetian traders. In religious news, around 75% of the country adheres to the Western Church. Most adherents live around Munchen and Landshut. In other news, Bavaria continues implementing the Alliance and Merchant Act as well as the Militia and Navy Act. Eleanor ends her predecessors policies of advancing Sedevanticism in the government. As the new Grand Duchess, Eleanor continues to vet and interrogate most of the powerful nobles of Bavaria. To work more efficiently, she appoints Vallerio Volpe as her spymaster. By the end of the year, Eleanor hosts a more developed middle class in Trausnitz than her numerous predecessors had. This earns her the sobriquet "The Middling Queen" to flavor the already popular "Merchant Queen" title. In other news, Eleanor continues to develop her cousin's seemingly successful administrative policies. In plague news, city walls continue to be maintained as the death toll declines across the country and the plague dies down across Europe. Eleanor continues to order her court to carry incense and herbs to curb the "bad airs" and "miasmas" that carry the plague. She also orders all rats seen to be killed in Landshut. Suspecting that dirtiness and lack of hygiene may have an effect on disease spread, several court physicians delve into research. Several of them begin to bathe regularly and clean their hands, hoping that God may smile upon cleanliness, productivity, and hygiene and remove the afflictions felt at hand. In national news, Eleanor instructs many judges and officials to implement the Common Courts and states that a codified constitution of laws will be introduced before the end of the decade. In personal news, Eleanor fancies the idea of referring to herself as the Queen in Bavaria, signifying her power and the power of Bavaria itself. Many are wary of this idea and do not want to upset the Emperor. Eleanor becomes restless with the title of Grand Duchess. Beginning in January, Eleanor's privy council gathers the results of the census taken in 1476, and find that there are 2.5 million people in Bavaria. If not for the plague, there would be close to three million living in Bavaria. In diplomatic news, Eleanor prepares for the marriage between a Venetian princess and her son Franz-Albert, who has turned fourteen this year.
 * Munchen: By 1477, the total class of Queen Isabell University amounts to about 3200 men. Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. In recent news, unemployment begins to crawl upward after the suspension of the Roscol Bank in Landshut. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, the plague has more or less retreated from this area.
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, the plague has more or less retreated from this area
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, the plague has more or less retreated from this area.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, the plague has more or less retreated from this area.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, the plague has more or less retreated from this area.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, the plague has more or less retreated from this area.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, the plague has more or less retreated from this area.
 * Wurzburg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, the plague has more or less retreated from this area. The clergy of Wurzburg find small solace as the Grand Duchess is the somewhat temperate, analytical Eleanor.
 * The Hungarian King Sigismund believes the realm to be nearing stability once more as he believes the worst of the plague is over. He notices that most nobles have lost a significant amount of power due to the plague as it has lead to a manpower shortage in many regions across the realm. He tries to use this to his advantage and creates forceful migrations on a small scale to cause many nobles some chaos in their holdings. He does this mainly indrectly through soldiers and landowners loyal to him and this allows for nobles to have to pay higher prices for the farmers to work their lands. Meanwhile, on the shipbuilding front, more are built for an upcoming war and carroks are built to be bigger and bigger. Although many do not have as many cannons as main battleships carroks, they can hold more soldiers. Plans are made to protect these ships with smaller and faster ships using large numbers of these ships. These small ships are those which have been retrofitted and can now pack a heavy punch. Meanwhile, soldiers train with the new guns produced in gunsmiths dedicatedly, and the number of soldiers in the "gun division" grows. With migrating Hungarians, hundreds of villages are reoccupied and thus the lands begin to be farmed once more. The incoming Hungarians bring with them their culture and their folktales - which seem to play a larger part than a noble would expect. However, many begin to adopt elements from the local culture while bringing elements of Hungarian culture in. This allowd for many shops to open once more and many merchants to once more begin trading, helping to boost the slowing economy. They also begin to rebuild many roads which have fallen into disrepair.
 * Scandinavian Empire: The economy is expanded as traders from Albion, the Netherlands, Hesse, and Venice flock to Stockholm. As the Swedish capital grows, the plague continues to ravage Denmark. The plague, which had reached parts of Scandinavia, were unable to spread in Sweden and Norway effectively due to distance between communities. While Stockholm had been hit, the plague quickly ran its course in the city before dying out more or less. Most of the afflicted in Stockholm by now are the poor and destitute. Denmark, however, continues to see the plague wreak havoc on its people. In the meantime, Scandinavia builds several ships to protect its trade route (mostly galleys). Karaks explore the coast of Greenland. Scandinavia, seeing several ship designs in southern Europe and in the Netherlands, considers improving the explorative capabilities of its ships. Scandinavia expands in the laplands by 3500 sq km.
 * Rumania:Radu, now 42, releases total control to his son. Trust in the church has been shattered by the plague. A rural movement preaching tolerance and self guidance explodes across the south and into Bulgaria, it is called the Moralists. Thousands convert to the new denomination, and many priests are driven out of towns and churches by mobs. The economy rebounds this year, as the fear of the plague slowly weakens. The printing press continues to spread across Rumania. Print expands rapidly as boyars demand books and text so as to appear powerful and influential. Mircea II, now 22, takes up the reigns of leadership. He shows great promise in economics and even begins to help rebuild the trade economy. His support for the Moralist movement causes concern for the safety of the church.
 * The Consulate of Bulgaria: The economy rebounds after the plague. The printing press spreads south into Bulgaria just as in Rumania. The Moralists movement takes hold of the northern regions and many hundreds convert as the plague continues to ravage the country. Moralist ideas creep southward and also spread all the way to the coast quickly.
 * I understand this is late, but somebody deleted my post. It can be found in the History on April 19th at roughly 1000 characters.

1478
'''The Songhai expel Oyoan warriors from Gao and Tomboctou, establishing their solid control over most of that part of the Niger River. The burnt-out Mali remnant manages to also push the Oyo back, holding on to the Mandinke homelands in Gambia and Senegal and as far east as the city of Djenné, which becomes their new capital. They join the Akan web of alliances in opposition to Oyo.'''

Several junior Bavandid princes in Hyrcania adopt Zoroastrianism.

In Rome, Pope Urban VI dies, and the Roman Latino Orsini is elected Pope in the subsequent conclave, taking the Papal name of Celestine VII.


 * Portugal: Continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Leiname. By this time, the colony in Leiname starts to export wheat to Portugal. Meanwhile, some Portuguese explorers continue to explore the African coast. The Açores continue to be settled. Meanwhile, shipwrights start to fuse and modify aspects of ships that are known to operate around the Atlantic and the Mediterranean, in order to develop larger ocean-going ships.
 * Prussia: The Prussians continue to convert to the Western Church. King Karl I dies, and is replaced by his son Karl II.
 * Courland: The Curonians also continue developing their economy and military. The Curonians also continue converting to the Western Church.
 * Ossel-Wiek: Ossel-Wiek also continues developing their economy and military. Ossel-Wiek also continues converting to the Western Church.
 * Hamburg-Mecklenburg: The economy grows, recovering from the plague well. Shipbuilding grows, as both the Hamburg Trading & Shipping Company and the Navy place orders. The HTSC grows to 450 ships, while the Navy reaches 100. Hamburg begins researching ways to enlarge and increase the firepower of the ships. Meanwhile, the southward voyage by the HTSC sets out in May, reaching Schöne Blume by early July. Resupplying at various Castilian outposts, they pass the Kongo and farther south. In October, the crews notice that the weather is warmer than it usually is at home. By December, they reach what they believe is the southernmost point and establish an outpost, and dub it "Südstadt", or "Southern City" (OTL Cape Town). Back home, the vassal of Ruppin is annexed to Mecklenburg, while the Archbishopric of Magdeburg remains a vassal.
 * I severely doubt the plausibility of this.
 * I've been investing in exploration since the games outset, exploring, mapping and advancing down the African coast for sixty years. I'm sorry, but it would be more implausible for me to not reach this point.
 * It's highly implausible, it was told to you multiple times that only a few powers would reach there - not to mention an outpost already exists there established plausibly by the person who has done the same thing over a period of the entire game. If Castile just reached the Cape of Good Hope a few years ago, Hamburg would be NOWHERE NEAR there. In fact, of everyone, only the Netherlands and Portugal are even close to there. And so you don't jump on me for crossing something out, I'm not the person that crossed it out. I'm merely agreeing with it. This isn't debatable. Sailing around Africa's coasts is something reserved for people whose nation actually has the locations and supply routes to support it. Unlike Hamburg, both Portugal, the Netherlands, Castile, and England all have the money to support it, the location to sail from or agreements with natives or islands which allow for resupply. Hamburg not only doesn't have ANY OF THAT but doesn't even have the money to fund expeditions like this. Sorry, but I'm in agreement with whoever crossed this out. And by your own logic Castile proper would be in India right now - but sorry this isn't standing, period. Hamburg is in no position to be doing any of the above - especially when you can't resupply anywhere. I also have to make mention that you DID NOT ask me if you could use my outposts, for all those men know Hamburg and Castile could be at war, i DO NOT let other nations use my outposts. Sorry, buddy -Feud
 * I must say I agree it's too early for Hamburg to get to the Cape, let alone establish an outpost there. I have no issue with you reaching the otl Northern border of Angola, or establishing outposts north of there. Callumthered (talk) 10:37, April 20, 2014 (UTC)
 * Magdeburg: Infrastructure expanded.
 * Guaymi: Tiarokwete has returned from his year long trip around the tiny, unified nation, and believes to have gained even more support and has centralized the country's focus towards his rule. The Emperor pushes his split army north another 2 px, building more roads leading into the nation as he slowly fulfills his dream of linking the two vast water sources. While the annexing of uninhabited land continues in the north, the rest of the nation builds up the economy through mining and fishing. The population continues to grow steadily. The infrastructure is also expanded and becoming more developed.
 * Grand Duchy of Moscow: The nation of Muscovy begins trading along routes through the nation of Novgorod and its vassals and the nation of Pskov. Money collected through trade and taxation is saved this year in the Muscovite treasury in case of an emergency. We ask for a trade agreement with the nation of Hungary to extend trade routes into Poland and the Balkans, for the mutual economic growth of all associated nations. We ask for a similar trade agreement with Rumania and the Roman Empire to the south. We become closer to Novgorod through trade, relying on Novgorod for safe land routes into our northern territory. Districts of our cities affected by the plague are quarantined and we make our best efforts to prevent the spread of the disease further. We condemn the new government in Ukraine, which so seceded from our own sovereign territory. In case of attack we expand our military, recruiting free levies from our cities to protect local regions of our nation. Pikes and crossbows become common equipment in some units after they begin to be produced locally to outfit local regiments. Bowmen continue to be an essential part of our military to provide support for melee units, with some gunpowder weaponry being used. In major cities Kremlins are upgraded and outfitted with modern equipment and dedicated garrisons to combat any threat or invasion. The largest Kremlin, located in Moscow, is especially upgraded, with new walls being added that are wider and can hold cannons. Settlement in the north is encouraged, bringing Christian and Russian traditions to the north of our territory and even into northern Siberia, a territory held by the Mongol hordes to the east.
 * Lithuania: Military is expanded. Trade between Moscow, Prussia and other nations helps to amass wealth, which is partially used to finance infrastructural projects and military fortifications.
 * Venetian Diplomacy: Due to marriages with the ruling Roscol family and the ruling family of Moscow as well as the longstanding trade relationship. Venice offers an alliance and a trade agreement and hopes that Moscow and Venice can work as an axis to better both nations.
 * Rumanian Dip: We accept the trade agreement.
 * Chiribaya: We continue to build up our economy and infrastructure.
 * Castile: The Castilian economy has massively swelled with thanks to the creation of the Spanish confederation and the addition of Aragon's trade and military fleet at Castile's disposal. Castile, as leader of the Spanish confederation, begins a series of economic and military reforms on all the kingdoms in order to expand all the local economies and militaries and centralize the confederation's economies in general. Castile at this point has explored farther down Africa establishing multiple trade posts along the way and reaching a point where the sea rounds the continent. However, the failure of supplies has led to this exploration fleet having to turn back. Castile has begun the development of a series of new ships meant to replace some of the aging designs and add some new innovations. The Castilian navy begins to replace multiple ships with the new carracks as some of the largest ships in the Castile fleet. The Castilian renaissance with the addition of Aragon's renaissance techniques has exploded significantly and with permission from the monarchy embroiled with organizing the Spanish confederacy and multiple projects the Renaissance has led to a mass amount of art and technological innovation being developed. Castile and its confederacy and vassals has now fully converted to the Western Church with the only exception being Cyprus due to its Orthodox roots and Orthodox leadership which prevents a total conversion. The Castilians begins to suffer issues within heavy trade cities of Gibraltar, and Seville as this disease begins killing many people. Castile regardless of the plague organizes a fleet of 12 ships to go through the canal for trade and exploratory purposes with multiple ships being filled to the brim with supplies and others with trade goods these ships make their first stop in Yemen. Three more unrelated ships push for mapping East Africa using the well established ports to do so pushing towards the Sanafah having much more supplies this time. The Kingdom of Granada is formally integrated into Castile with Ferdinand now 16 taking more and more responsibility preparing to take the throne next year. King Ferdinand makes an appearance in Granada for his coronation as the King of Castile and Integrated Granada as well as a coronation of his kingship over aragon fully. Castile expands its horizons on West African trade using a series of local trade posts outside of Oyos control to gain what it needs and prevent Castilian traders from being taken advantage of. Castile officially marries King Ferdinand to Katrina of Alexandria. With the disease over in Castile for the most part an estimated 700,000 people were killed with many of them being infants earning the plague the name "Infants Bane". However, population is made up significantly with the addition of nearly one million people integrated from Granada bringing Castile's proper population to nearly 7.5 million and slowly growing again thanks to birth rates recovering. Castile also begins a major army reform with multiple guns being remanufactured to be fired a bit faster and not require the stand to shoot from (even though its still recommended.) Castile expands its trading post in the Cape of Good Hope to allow for more traders as well as housing some hired soldiers to defend from natives and prevent other people from setting up trade outposts.
 * Kingdom of Aragon: The relatively good treatment of Aragon by Castile and the fallacy of actions of the previous king in burning various areas and completely razing Aragon's capital city have forever earned the enmity and hate of most of the Aragonian people, many of which believed they could continue their lives under Castile in a better fashion, with greater access to Castile's vast diplomatic, trade and military power. This, along with common religion and semi-related language, has led to a nearly seamless transition into the personal union. Nobles have been appointed by Prince Carlos of Castile personally who has personally overseen the majority of the war in Aragon which with his expertise, charisma and swaying abilities has led to many supporting his decisions on either side. Carlos himself is appointed the transitional governor of Aragon in order to facilitate a much smoother transition. The Kingdom's navy previously seized is returned to people sympathetic to Castilians and the military navy in particular is given to a series of respected and well known Aragonians loyal to Castile. Aragon's assimilation into Castile cultural base begins due to many nobles now speaking Spanish (Castilian) which shows a notable effect of a few people especially merchants and some developing artisans which are currently able to speak the language proficiently. Aragonians spurred on by Prince Carlos to rebuild Zaragoza continue the work needed to rebuild the city and the various burned towns surrounding the city with the city being moderately repaired. For the time being, however, the capital of Aragon proper is migrated to Valencia. With Castilian assistance various infrastructural areas are rebuilt and the military is expanded to a token force of 5000. Along with this support the Aragonian economy recovers slowly with a slow but controlled influx of Castilian economic aid helping Aragon recover. The Aragonian Navy is allowed by Castile to move toward settlements in the Canaries down into Capo Verde, and according to Castilian trade agreements docks in Oyo for trade nearly doubling their previous range. This is pushed down further pushing underneath Oyo farther down the coast using Castilian trade posts to explore. Aragon suffers disease casualties in Barcelona and a few in Valencia, efforts are made to lessen the deaths.
 * Kingdom of Cyprus: The King of Cyprus is now King Alexander of Cyprus. The King of Cyprus begins to see Castilian culture not as a dominant force but a possible blendable culture that can fit well within Cypriot society. The economy and military of the country is built up as is the infrastructure with a nice road system being built throughout the country. Cyprus gaining large funds from being a Castilian trade hub, begins building a few ships domestically, and purchases ships from Castile, or her allies shipwrights forming a respectable Cypriot navy of almost 90 ships with expected expansion to come. This expansion has been achieved specifically thanks to huge amounts of outsourcing to private shipwrights. Cyprus begins to see an exodus of the Knights Hospitaller west to Castile and her territories and King Matthias begins a larger recruitment for the military managing to raise a force of nearly 10,000. This force is largely funded through the large trade Cyprus has gathered. The troops are styled after Castile's royal army and Cyprus embarks on an intense training program in order to bring them up to standards. The Knights, with many departing also have many older and other knights stay due to their close ties with Cyprus. They remain to run the Knights Hospitaller in Cyprus for the foreseeable future while a large number have migrated across the sea. The Kingdom of Cyprus due to the recent issues in Castile reluctantly recognizes Carlos and his Regency for Prince Ferdinand . Cyprus itself with its fleet of nearly 100 ships begins to take after the Venetian example with trade and begins to put Cypriot merchant ships into state possession for trade in order to help with the kingdom's finances and heavy trade. This show immediate results as a relative increase in funding and attention to trade between Castile and her allies begins to improve the quality of trade. Cyprus shows many casualties from the disease due to its trade hub situation. Cyprus sends about 1000 knights to Alexandria for her crusade.
 * Kingdom of Morocco: The Kingdom establishes its capital in Casablanca and with this, begins a major point of establishing a major military presence in the area. The infrastructure, particularly in dealing with transport and water, is expanded to accommodate more people but the only people allowed to settle are Christians - particularly from Hispania. A notable number of Castilians settle the area. The leader of Morocco styled a king, out of respect deducts himself in rank to Prince of Morocco as the throne is only to be held by the King of Castile himself if it's ever required. The country begins the construction of various canals and cultivates trees farther inland to help increase arable farmland. The Moroccan economy continue to expand with greater trade coming from Castile and the Canaries all the way down to Capo Verde increasing the relative wealth. The Kingdom with many canals having been completed has vastly expanded its farmland among other things. Moroccos total population reaches nearly 650,000 with Christianity becoming dominant in the area. Calne-Vicuna is finished and is opened as an center for Christianity in North Africa with a library said to rival old Alexandrias.
 * Kongo: The recently vassalized Kongo and its Christian population begins to go on a larger "crusade" to convert its brothers in the region and begins a major program meant at taking the Christian areas and consolidating them into ruleable areas, etc. The Kingdom begins to work toward a trade and production economy focusing on helping provide resources for Castile's burgeoning West African trade network. The King of the Kongo converting to Christianity and being baptised begins to call for the expansion of ports to the best of the Kongolese architects' abilities. With the King also adopts the name John, in favor of the king who began these exploratory operations down the coast of Africa. The King also organized a band of Christian soldiers who help keep the peace who also begin to help with conversions to Christianity as a series of missionaries and high level priests from the Western Church have come on a ship hearing of many pagans and heretics to convert. The King makes multiple successful campaigns against various of the petty kings in Kongo killing two of them and leaving the third on the run. The Christianization of multiple areas is completed and multiple others are begun.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The disease continues killing many. The king attempts to avoid such an event but it fails only spreading it harder in regions of Basel, Lorraine and Burgundy - as well as in Sardinia where it kills hundreds without any seeming cause. The death toll reaches a half million since the start and many corpses accumulate throughout the domains, impelling the need for a better way to avoid the kingdom and bringing many to doubt the king's might on the French monarchic lands. This is even more acute in regions like Sardinia far from the central government. The vassalage of Aargau continues as well as the vassalage of Foix. Limoges vassalage begins.
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up. Economy expands. The infection rages on killing many in the region. Vassalage of Furstenburg begins as well.
 * Albret: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Nemour: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Guyenne: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Berry: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Armagnac: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Sardinia: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region. Some begin to question the king of France's choices and begin wondering about establishing their own state.
 * Basel: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Aargau: Military and economy are built up. The French presence begins to felt. However, the attempts to establish a pro-Germanic government in order to avoid eventual uprisings, internal vassalization begins as well to fully convince German leadership.
 * Foix: Military and economy are built up.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. the population native drops to 450,000 (from around 750,000 in the region) due mostly to the plague and the war. French nobles begin to arrive due to the relative power void. While this, navy of the French begin docking in Tunis, soon renamed Carthage.
 * Mayan Empire: We begin creating farms and establishing trade with other tribes. The military is ready for war, but the people are not as willing. The Cult of the Emperor becomes the main religion.
 * County of Oldenburg: The navy and army improve again this turn. The docks on the Jade Bight are improved for naval ships, an the two ships ordered built two years ago are completed. The army's recruiting drive has yielded good results. Count Christian VI urges people to have more children to help lift the country's population after the ravages of the plague. Neu Baltrum's garrison is expanded a little, and their "fort" is re-inforced.
 * Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: The plague finally dies down, and the country starts getting back to normal. The EBO gets making good profits from the shares in farmer profits.
 * In Ayutthaya, the population boom begins to wear off, leaving the nation, vassals and all, at approximately 15 million. (The agreed figure at the start of the game was eight million. I have since annexed two nations - Padang and Kedah, along with portions of Sri Vijaya - and been gifted another large region from China, that of Sukhottai. Also, I had a population boom. GIven that the population of all the annexed regions would amount to about four to five million, I think I'm fairly accurate here, since this also counts vassals - the rest of Sri Vjiaya and the nation of Aceh). As the plague begins to wear off in China and India, quarantine procedures are ended, and trade increases once more. The armies of the kingdoms are finally consolidated into one, with only militias being raised from the individual kingdoms, though the kingdoms themselves are allowed increased autonomy in other regions - such as religion. A second religious conference is held, this time recognizing three religions - Buddhism, Hinduism and Islam, in that order, as based on the percentage of the population as part of those religions. The king, in fact, orders a census of the kingdoms to determine the population owned by each religion - the result comes back: 46% Buddhist, 31% Hindu, and 23% Muslim - mostly Sunni. More ships are built, partially for trade purposes. We sign a trading treaty with the nation of Siak, and increase the military size. Unfortunately, this does negatively affect our relations with the Majapahit, as this treaty allows us to take a large part of their trade. All vassals increase the size of their armies and navies.
 * Ethiopia: Alexander Ge'ez ask the leader of Iritriya if he can spare a daughter so that he can marry her. (need mods to see if this will work) We build up our military and navy. The navy builds more ships for trade. Many churches are still continuing to be built. We use the Nile river to trade with our allies Alexandria. Agriculture is our biggest industry in the country besides trade. We expand our nation's borders 15 px south. Our military sends a squad of 21 men to go on an expedition west to see what is out there in the world. The wall and outposts around the capital city are still in the process of being built. Camels and horses are the to main animals used for transportation on land. In the Red Sea and in rivers small caravans are used to sail up and down the waterways.
 * Alexandria Dip: We would like to discuss an alliance with you.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire continues to shift its trade to the west, although this slows down due to the opening/restoration of the canal in Egypt. Engineers and soldiers continue to help with the project there. Weapons and books continue to be sent to the Tartar Empire to help the Emperor Theodore defeat his opponents. With the weapons available to the Empire largely reaching a standstill, the Emperor turns his attention toward bettering the health and wealth of his people. To this end, he encourages the continued research into medical care and the expansion and construction of hospitals. Education is also seriously considered once again now that the times of war have passed the Empire by. To help do this, the University of Constantinople considers sending some of its scholars to other parts of the Empire to educate citizens that cannot make the journey to Constantinople. A prominent Latin from Patras, Carlo de Patra, begins his education at the university. He soon begins to amaze his professors with this imaginative and complicated designs and theories related to science and the physical world. (I will elaborate when I return). With the advanced medical research in recent years as well as extensive prior knowledge, the Empire's doctors are able to save people from the plague. However, many still die from either the plague or its complications, including the Emperor's youngest son, leaving Thomas the only heir to the throne. To protect him the royal family retreats to its Thracian estates. The Empire accepts the treaty regarding the canal and sends a small contingent of troops to aid Egypt in its war.
 * Albania: With the revolts in Italian Albania in full swing, the kingdom is not sure how to react. Many of the citizens want the war to happen, and some even move back to help the resistance. The government is much more neutral, concerned if the Roman Empire will back such military action and the thought of waging war on a nation that helped Albania gain independence. The national military is expanded and trained further as a result.
 * The Nation of the Oirats: Cement and iron increase in production. Iron weapons are now majorly used. As we increase in population, we slowly target our expansion northward. We expand 50 px to the North. We continue to develop our firearms. We continue to study the printing press and make more of them. We buy more books from China. We continue making more muskets. We now have 10,000 primitive musketeers. We begin building up our military and create even tougher practices.
 * We apologise to China
 * Mircea II, now 23, takes up the reigns of leadership Trust in the church has been shattered by the plague. A movement preaching tolerance and self guidance explodes across the south and into Bulgaria, it is called the Moralists. Thousands convert to the new denomination, and many priests are driven out of towns and churches by mobs. The economy rebounds this year, as the fear of the plague weakens. Economic growth is seen for the first time in several years and the rise is spectacular. Many abandoned mines, shipyards, and mills reopen and several trade ships are launched. The printing press continues to spread across Rumania. Print expands rapidly as boyars demand books and text so as to appear powerful and influential. Hatchlock muskets are researched. Hundreds of printing operations are founded in almost every major town or city. Radu, aged by wars and having sustained several injuries, exits court life in favor of spending his last few years with his wife. Sophia and Radu retreat to the countryside. The twins Theodora and Alexander attend the Venetian school as they reach the age of 14.
 * The Consulate of Bulgaria: The economy rebounds after the plague. The printing press spreads south into Bulgaria just as in Rumania. The Moralists movement takes hold of the northern regions and many hundreds convert as the plague continues to ravage the country. Moralist ideas creep southward and also spread all the way to the coast quickly.
 * Fusahito Theocracy: Fusahito engineers and alchemists begin to experiment with improving the use of Chinese gunpowder. Whilst the hand cannons that have been in use in China for almost two centuries are still dismissed as impractical due to their slow rate of fire, low damage and general impracticality, advances are made in the use of bags of gunpowder to break a siege by destroying gates and other weak defences. Experiments with lighting different types of gunpowder bags determine that these bags do more damage when tightly packed, as the compression appears to add to their explosive nature. At the same time other experiments determine the best way to light these bags. Many ways are attempted, including a burning vine that can be lit from a safe distance, but the traditional method of a burning arrow proves the most practical. In other news, priests from the Imperial Shinto Sect travel to the Toki Province to convert the population into believing in the divine nature of the Emperor in the first steps in vassalising the state.
 * The Tartary begins recovering from the plague, as it begins burning itself out. Merchants begin to sell their agricultural produce once agian, and this leads to an end of the famine. This is celebrated by all within the kingdom. The population, while still decreasing, stops decreasing so steeply. The economy is improved upon with high levels of state intervention. Immune people are left to tend to those in need, which are quarantined in their homes. At the time, others are encouraged to continue work, being granted living spaces in healthy homes if needed. This allows the economy to once again kick into action. The Mastorava adopts the Christian notion of Purgatory, and drops that of Hell. A new God is put in place by the Emperor himself. He orders the Mastorava to add Apollon, as a god of plagues and health, as well as poetry and archery. The obvious implications seem to come from the Iliad. Emperor Theodore sends a diplomat to several European courts, stating he wishes for a Christian wife. Tyushta's first son, Avvakum, is born in this year, to much rejoice in the nation. With the worst finally behind, the Tatars begin developing once again.
 * Great Perm also begins recovering from the plagues, thanks to the great efficiency of the quarantine programme. The population once again begins to grow. The economy also does, as for the first time since the end of the Karelian War, merchants begin to traverse Rus' for wealth. The weakened Novgorodan and Muscovite tribes in the East are taught Komi and introduced to the Mastorava. The first Mastoravic temple in Perm opens in Kolvakvkar, shortly followed by one in Cherdyn.
 * Adyghea continues to suffer from the plague. Many fall ill and die, including the Khan. However, hearing of quarantine from Great Perm and the Tartary, this begins to be implemented.
 * Azov continues to suffer from the plague as well. However, the worst seems to be over. The populations that moved from the developed centre to the east begin to blossom, causing economic growth for the first time in a long time. The counterside to this is that parts of the Crimea are now almost entirely uninhabitated; many Goths remain, but almost as many have moved to other places, and the place is now entirely devoid of Ukrainians, which suffered the brunt of the plague and now are a lot smaller in proportion to other ethnic groups in the area. The agricultural heartland once again begins production.
 * In Kazakhstan, the plague continues on full swing. However, the ruling family and the city of Astana have been mostly unaffected. The true problems begin to be seen in other vassals' states, where many die of the plague. This indirectly allows the Khan to begin to establish far more power over his nation than previously.
 * Mughal Empire: Eco turn.
 * Southern Chagatai Khanate: Eco turn (I'm out of ideas for today, will expand tomorrow just so it doesn't look empty)
 * Alyeskan Khaganate: The docks and warehouses are expanded, benefiting the merchants. Increased commmercial power results in the vassalization of the Haida. The scholastic instiution in the captial becomes more high-profile as the map is constructed. Although it now covers several dozen square metres, it is one of the largest assemblages of cartographic knowledge ever. Copies are sent to the Fusahito state.
 * Haida: The large haida military is reorganized by the governemnt into an organized system of yearly raiders, who in fact pay tithes to the governmenr. The coffers swell as plunder pours in. Meanwhile, the increased adoption of Koryak technology enables larger and larger raids, into farther lands.
 * Venetian Republic:
 *  Books on various topics spread from Venice throughout Europe, continuing the Renaissance. Printed in the Venetian language, they teach of the sciences and humanities and revive learning, spreading knowledge (as well as the language) far and wide. .
 *  With the increased supply of Ducats, the fluidity of European trade increases with Ducat using nations benefiting most. 
 *  Many people sentenced to death are drowned in the canals as is the Venetian tradition. The tradition is becoming the primary way to execute criminals and is spreading to the Venetian territories across Europe. 
 *  Fine wool and silk clothing from Titani is exported across the Mediterranean and Black Sea and begins to set the trend in Renaissance clothing. 
 *  Venetian trade reaches across the known world. Merchant ships carry salt, silks, glass and a collection of other goods, both common and rare. Venetian traders are the largest carriers of trade in Europe, with the thousands of ships and a trading tradition continuing to fuel this. 
 *  The Roscol Bank uses local subsidiaries all across Europe to fund trade, with a leaning toward funding trade with Venice. They also fund enterprises across the continent, boosting the economies of the nations which they inhabit. The Roscol Bank invests conservatively. While this doesn't bring in as much wealth as other nations' banking, such as the Dutch, it results in a much more robust level of equity. 
 *  Due to the stability of business and protection afforded to private enterprise in Venice, many merchants set up shop in the city despite being foreign, utilising the Venetian law to protect their businesses. Criminals and a less divided merchant class mean prosperity for all those involved with Venetian business in some way. 
 * In Veneto Christofo sends letters across Europe to see if there are any eligible grooms and brides for the various Roscol children (GET YOUR ROYAL MARRIAGE HERE!) before they reach the age of 20: Dragano (second son of the Doge and shaping up to be a capable warrior) who is 19 and Giovanni (second son of the Doge's younger brother and a timid but clever boy) who is 15. Medardo and Ida have a girl called Isabell. Salutomo ("health-man" the nickname for Salute Pretors during the plague) becomes the new name for Salute Pretors, which although reduced become a permanent part of the various Sigilar Collegantia's retinue of officials. They monitor disease and health issues amongst workshops and work to produce healthier environments so that workers do not fall ill or become useless due to poor health, more effort is of course invested in skilled worker's health much to the detriment of unskilled workers. The Consegio de Fe moves to establish the governing principles of the Venetian Church, which at the moment is just a glorified Catholic sect. Propaganda supporting the Venetian Church is spread. The Tola de Savio Omni declares that Venice will seek to right the wrongs of the past and sets out propaganda against its historical enemy of Milan, blaming them for the plague. Propaganda to this effect intensifies this year and many Venetians believe that Milan is to blame for most issues. Such propaganda is even spread to Milan, by word of mouth mainly, and tells of how great benign Venetian protection is and how terrible it is to live in a land where priests and kings decorate themselves in ornaments while preaching the words of Christ. The Order of Saint Mark numbers 20,000 now and numbers are now stable. The beliefs of the true faith are popular amongst commoners - especially those who feel the church does not practice the faith properly. Alexandria is the destination of massive amounts of pilgrimage from True Faith believers who also attempt to convert locals as well as settle down. The True Faithers believe that the plague is God punishing the ill of faith. People from all across Veneto and the Empire looking for opportunity, migrate to the capital of Venice, seeking to replace positions of those who were lost to the plague. The Dogado is finally re-opened and the Doge does a parade through the city, dispersing alms to the populace. The economy picks up massively, and begins to boom as population growth - combined with renewed trade - bring strong growth back to Venice. The choice to not close Venice off to the world also pays off as Venetian merchants now are stronger all across Europe with their trade routes, particularly in the north. (reaction to Bavaria for Cookie) Christofo sends a letter to Eleanor, detailing future plans they agreed upon. The letter notes that the date of the event shall be 1480. Also sadly expresses that Venice lacks any daughters for marriage at this time but states that a marriage to another worthy family of Europe, that are friends of both Venice and Bavaria, would only be a blessing to all. (reaction to players) The Doge eagerly wishes to discuss the issue of canal access with Alexandria. Furthermore, the Doge offers to help other nations in their printing industries (GET YOUR PRINTING INDUSTRY HERE!) via Venessian Stanpar by establishing large printing workshops in their capitals with help from experienced Venetian workers, largely to continue trying to counteract the attempts from Pskov to break Venetian influence in the north and east. Venetian and Ottoman envoys discuss various issues in private about the future of Ottoman-Venetian relations. A letter is sent to Castile detailing plans for what was discussed a few years ago.
 * In the Free Port of Porto Tolle the military grows.
 * In the Province of Istra the military grows.
 * In the Free Port of Scutari the military grows.
 * In the Province of Albania the military grows.
 * In the Province of Zante the military grows.
 * In the Free Port of Argos the military grows.
 * In the Province of Attica the military grows.
 * In the Province of Mytilene the military grows.
 * In the Province of Candelore the military grows.
 * In the Province of Morocco the military grows.
 * Mil-turn
 * Epirote Republic:
 * In Epirus the economy grows.
 * In the Free Ports of Epirus the economy grows.
 * In the Province of Valona the economy grows.
 * In the Province of Arta the economy grows.
 * Eco-turn
 * Venetian Empire:
 * In the Province of Aegina the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * In the Free Port of Athens the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * In the Province of Candia the military grows. Mil-turn
 * In the Corfiot Protectorate the military grows. Mil-turn
 * In the Province of Kaffa the military grows. Mil-turn
 * In the Naxian Protectorate the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * In the Province of Negroponte the military grows. Mil-turn
 * In the Free Port of Ragusa the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * Netherlands: The disease begins to subside a bit in the netherlands however about a 6th of the Kingdom's population is dead and the economy is in need of time to recover from years of trade issues. Finally trade begins to pick up as the closure of ports and trade routes are lifted and ships are permited to continue with their activities. efforts to establish an outpost on OTL Fernando Po continue. Maurice continues looking for a new wife.
 * Hamburg Dip: The Hamburgians on Schöne Blume (same place) are surprised and delighted to see the Dutch arrive and interested in the island. It is hoped the two nations will be able to jointly use the island.
 * Zapotec: Tlaco II expands roadways connecting cities in the alliance help merchants and soldiers move more freely between them. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. In the coastal regions under Danibaan's influence, more boats are created. Tlaco II orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Daibaan continues expanding into the surrounding city-states north along the gulf coast. Trade with the Aztecs commences after years of stagnation under Tlaco I. A trade offer is sent to the Mayans in hopes of bettering relations with them. 
 * Alexandria: Trade continues to increase as the ports are re-established and more people are converted to Coptic Christianity due to the See of Saint Mark's presence, including those of the True Faith, the Christian region of Alexandria is nowhere near as harmed as the Islamic region by the plague (due to better living conditions), leaving many Muslims to reconsider their faith. Resources and military are sent to Aiguptia to build and protect the canal as that process continues and workers are encouraged to go seek out this opportunity - especially minority groups, which is seen workers begin to die due to tough conditions. To replace workers higher wages are offered and living conditions. The Philadelphi Canal opens to light traffic and medium sized ships, but traffic is carefully monitered due to the plague. The economy is no longer threatened by stagnation due to the plague and begins to pick up as the plague dies off. Christians in North African nations are invited to immigrate to Alexandria. Missionaries and dignitaries remain in the Nubia region hoping to convert and influence some of the Nile cities (Turn Seven). The Autonomous Principality of Makuria will form next year (borders TBD). The land acquired from Yemen by the Red Sea sees a small port town established for sailors and merchants to rest before going into the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean, there is a medium increase in population as more people look to get into the trade business and avoid the plague. Officials here plan for immigration but do not anticipate the amount of immigrants this year, and balancing that with living conditions that must be kept up to minimize the plague's deadly effect. Alexandria continues to worry about the plague and takes great precautionary action and inspects goods and traders and their ships, but the toll continues to rise. In the province of Judea they continue to raise up soldiers to protect both Christian, Islamic and Jewish pilgrimages. Taxes are not like those in Alexandria where they favor Christians, but rather equal for all three of these religions. Small amounts of conversions take place mainly converting Christians and Muslims to Coptic Christianity. The court of Alexandria believes nearly 800,000 are dead throughout egypt due to war or plague. The region of Egypt is consolidated into the kingdom and divided into provinces. Alexandria celebrates the marriage of Katrina of Alexandria and King Ferdinand. Alexandria works extensively on its navy as it wishes to explore the Great Eastern Sea (OTL Indian Ocean). Mil Turn.
 * Aiguptia: Continues to stabilize the nation. Engineers, cartographers and philosophers from all trade partners are offered jobs to work on expanding the Philadelphi Canal to take on present day cogs, treasure fleets and other ships. At many points ships can pass freely using two separate canals or wide manmade lakes. However, there are still flows to be worked out, and portions to be widened. Workers flow in seeking work and benefits that stream from the jobs, even those from disorganized areas of the former Mashriq Sultanate and the new Sultanate in Egypt, especially since some are trying to escape the plague, but this migration slows down considerable toward the end of the year. Aiguptia increases efforts to house these immigrant workers and assist them in finding jobs for after the canal is complete. Citizens and people in the surrounding regions and province are converted to Coptic Christianity. Missionaries continue to convert people, especially in Cairo. Cairo also attracts many in anticipation of the canal. The city at the crossing point of the canal OTL Zagazig, begins to be filled by merchants and people looking to get involved in the trade industry, but becomes known for poorer living conditions and being put at risk for the plague. Military learns as they progress in the war. Missionaries and organizers are sent to Nubia region to assist in building a kingdom there. Aiguptia expands 100px into the Sinai Peninsula. Fixing for Greg -Feud
 * Caucasian Confederation: The continued introduction of gunpowder weapons into the Caucasian armies gradually expands the military potential of the Confederation member states. The completion of rudimentary walls around Alexsaportu, and the establishment of a permanent 3000-man garrison in the city, secures the region enough that merchants can now dock at Alexsaportu. Though the port is still relatively small even by Caucasian standards, Omani merchants bring a few valuble shipments into the enclave - including some valuable spices. When samples of these goods arrive in the Confederation, nearly half a dozen princes immediately begin sponsoring mercantile expeditions eastward in the hopes of establishing first claim to these luxuries, expanding the economies of all the Confederate states significantly as a modest commercial revolution begins. Twelve years remain before Alexsaportu can accommodate an actual fleet presence, but several Caucasian trade syndicates have already expressed interest in purchasing trade vessels for use in the region.
 * Kingdom of Georgia: Mepe Boris continues integrating Amier-Kavkasia into Georgia; the opening of the spice trade polarizes the Kavkasian aristocracy, with some local chieftains denouncing the new goods as "a tool of royal oppression" and others embracing the potential for wealth that continued Georgian suzerainty offers. The integration of the Principality is expected to take twelve more years, and minor violence is expected during the transition.
 * Principality of Rani: The gradual, bloody conversion of the Azeris to Orthodoxy continues; of the 287,000 Azeris, some 56,000 (20%) now profess Christianity. With the administration and military of the Principality now solidly Orthodox, and a significant minority of the population converted, Tavadi Zurab orders conversion efforts to escalate, aiming to achieve a Christian majority in the Principality by 1530 - regardless of the objections of the locals.
 * Bengal Sultanate: 'The decrease in taxes on the landed elite does its job in most areas of the Sultanate, decreasing the tax load on the peasantry and earning him their support. The tax cuts on the merchant class allow for more trade to be conducted, and a recent lax on some of the quota laws allows for more goods to be shipped from Bengal, greatly increasing trade income. Trade with the state of Ava continues, with influence being placed through trade on Ava. Cash crops continue to be grown in large amounts. With our merchants traveling to Ava, Koch, Ahom and Arakan regularly, Islam continues to grow in their nations. Most all trade roads begin to see much-needed maintenance. Due to Bengal having control over lands of multiple ethnicities and religions, literary works in the form of poems and epics continue to take influence from all three religions of the Sultanate. Urdu, also called Hindi by some, becomes more common in the Sultanate due to the mixing of Hindu and Islamic ideals. We continue to help finance the Plutocratic State of Jaunpur, Delhi Sultanate and Bahamani Sultanate by sending gifts directly to the nobles/sultans, offering loans from powerful trade bankers, and decreasing the trade taxes over all of Bengal, allowing more of our merchant goods to travel into those states. We also raise a portion of the Sultan's personal levy and then divide it out to be sent to the states leaders, so that they can do with them what they wish in order to maintain order in their nation. The construction of schools and universities several years ago has led to an increase is scholars and literacy in our nation. The Sultan's son continues to be tutored by scholars from three of the different major religions in the known world, Islam, Buddhism and Hinduism. 'The friction is defused between the landed elite due to a willing discharge of the Phay-sat ''schematics, allowing more landed elite to produce them, lowering their price and increasing their availability. Due to the removal of trade barriers between a majority of states in the Indian League, ours and their merchants begin to travel with increased mobility and goods, thereby increasing the trade income and output in the agreeing nations. The scholars from the agreeing nations on the issue of siege guns meet within Khandesh to begin to understand how to create a more powerful cannon. P eople begin showing signs of infection are being turned away. Merchants who die in Bengal have their goods and assets siezed, and trade declines greatly from fear of the plague.


 * Emirate of Andamana: Mansoor Basil Amirmoez continues to reclaim land on the island to make room for farms, and to have timber for building both boats and houses. The Emirate expands another 500 km into the island. The ships built by the timber from the island help contribute to Bengali trade. Continues working on economy and infrastructure.
 * Rajya of Orissa: Unlike the other vassals of the Bengali Sultanate, Bhandudeva IV is kept farther away from the daily politics of controlling Orissa, relying mainly on Islamic advisors sent directly by the Bengal Sultan. The advisors quickly persuade Bhandudeva IV to allow the Muslim settlers in the northern part of the Rajya to hold land south of the previously agreed living space. Continues working on military and infrastructure. Bhandudeva IV passes away, and the advisors vote in a Hindu successor, named Kapilendra Deva.
 * Swargadeo of Kamarupa: Now vassalized by Bengal, the Swargadeo of Ahom continues to receive extensive help in creating viable farmland. They do this by continuing a process of land reclamation in the northern part of the state, which is largely marshy and thinly populated. This process of reclamation begins by using dikes, embankments and irrigation systems. The Swargadeo (King) of Ahom passes away and his son inherits the Kingdom from his father.
 * C/P for Eip (~Rex)
 * The Kingdoms of Great Albion (Scotland and England) - member nation of the UKGA: The Navy is expanded further with the integration of the Scottish and Breton fleets. The number now stands at 440 ships total. Port Edmundburg continues to experience a growth in population. Albionic settlers continue to explore the surrounding areas. The Albionic Royal Navy begins better mapping Africa for the Crown. After decades of cultural merging, a new, Celto-Germanic culture finally begins to take firmer root. The English language has grown in official use and now royal documents, previously in Latin, are now translated into English. Troops that fought in the Pan-Hispania Wars return home and facilitate a minor baby boom. These experienced soldiers now train the army and navy commanders in advanced battle tactics. All ships passing through the channel are monitored for any signs of infection. The new dialect of English found in Eire has spread to Wales and Scotland. English nobles begin to enjoy the Celtic myths of Eire and Scotland.
 * Brittany: Brittany is officially placed under Albionic influence. The military and navy are expanded.
 * Calais: Military and navy are expanded.
 * Dublin: Dublin undergoes another remodel and expansion to the ports due to the massive influx of trade from Castile and Venice as well as an increased Eire trade.
 * Scotland: Expands navy and military. Pan Albion sentiments grow, Trade increases.
 * Cardiff: Wales expands its military and navy. Cardiff becomes a large centre of trade for Wales. The Welsh appoint Adam Cyrdger as Royal Minister. The first sessions of parliament are held. Wales does not see as large a population boom as Albion or Scotland, but a minor one, centred around Cardiff and Swansea, does occur.
 * Eire: Eire, having built up trade and infrastructure across the nation for years is in the process of becoming a modern European nation. Clans still remain. However, much of the new growth of the nation is in the new trade ports on the coast, settled by the Norse, or the towns at the hubs of the new roads. Indeed, many of the small towns from 50 years ago are unrecognizable compared to today. Eire seeks to show its power, and we invite monarchs from across Europe to tour the new nation. The military of Eire continues to be modernized. After years of friendship with Albion, a strange new dialect begins to emerge in coastal trade settlements. As the language divide in Albion has ended, and English becomes the tongue of all, traders from England and Eire begin to swap words in the trade settlements on the Irish Sea. The dialect, however, has not seen wide use outside of those settlements. We find that keeping the Southern Europeans away from our ports, who often carry diseases, helps us prevent the spread of the strange new plague. Our vessels continue to explore and trade with our northern neighbors, however, such as Scandinavia and some of the German states that are not affected. We allow Roman Catholic churches to spring up again, after the reunification of the churches, and many reactionary Eire-folk take advantage of it, having practiced their services in secret. Tales of Celtic myths continue to become popular amongst the nobles, and old aspects of pre-Norman Hiberno-Roman culture begin to be rediscovered. Copy for Bfox.
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Landshut expands its military. The population continues to rise. Grand Duchess Eleanor and her council continue to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with twenty-five very large cogs being finished, and by 1478 a trade route is put in place. Such important places in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany, due to a longstanding trade deal. Continuing in 1478, Eleanor commissions six cogs to sail around western Mediterranean coasts. The market center in Landshut continues to attract Bavarian and Venetian traders. In religious news, around 75% of the country adheres to the Western Church. Most adherents live around Munchen and Landshut. In other news, Bavaria continues implementing the Alliance and Merchant Act as well as the Militia and Navy Act. Eleanor ends her predecessors policies of advancing Sedevanticism in the government. As the new Grand Duchess, Eleanor continues to vet and interrogate most of the powerful nobles of Bavaria. To work more efficiently, she appoints Vallerio Volpe as her spymaster. By the end of the year, Eleanor hosts a more developed middle class in Trausnitz than her numerous predecessors had. This earns her the sobriquet "The Middling Queen" to flavor the already popular "Merchant Queen" title. In other news, Eleanor continues to develop her cousin's seemingly successful administrative policies. In plague news, city walls continue to be maintained as the death toll declines across the country and the plague dies down across Europe. Eleanor continues to order her court to carry incense and herbs to curb the "bad airs" and "miasmas" that may cause another resurgence of the plague. She also orders all rats seen to be killed in Landshut. Suspecting that dirtiness and lack of hygiene may have an effect on disease spread, several court physicians delve into research. Several of them begin to bathe regularly and clean their hands, hoping that God may smile upon cleanliness, productivity, and hygiene and remove the afflictions felt at hand. In national news, Eleanor instructs many judges and officials to implement the Common Courts and states that a codified constitution of laws will be introduced before the end of the decade. That time arrives in late February when Eleanor introduces the Serf Laws of 1478 stating that a serf/peasant had a right to bring their lords to court. As the laws are introduced and codified, Eleanor commissions several court scribes to begin drafting a law that could abolish serfdom in its totality. Rumors begin to erupt of this and the remaining Bavarian nobles are upset. The merchant classes are indifferent. In personal news, Eleanor fancies the idea of referring to herself as the Queen in Bavaria, signifying her power and the power of Bavaria itself. Many are wary of this idea and do not want to upset the Emperor. Eleanor begins to order her court to name her the Queen in Bavaria. In diplomatic news, Eleanor is puzzled at Venice's inital refusal of a marriage with her son Franz-Albrecht, but is eventually assured by the Venetians that a suitable match will be made by 1480.
 * Munchen: By 1478, the total class of Queen Isabell University amounts to about 3520 men. Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. In recent news, unemployment begins to crawl upward after the suspension of the Roscol Bank in Landshut. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, the plague has more or less retreated from this area.
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, the plague has more or less retreated from this area
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, the plague has more or less retreated from this area.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, the plague has more or less retreated from this area.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, the plague has more or less retreated from this area.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, the plague has more or less retreated from this area.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, the plague has more or less retreated from this area.
 * Wurzburg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, the plague has more or less retreated from this area. The clergy of Wurzburg find small solace as the Grand Duchess is the somewhat temperate, analytical Eleanor.
 * Ottoman Sultanate: The Grand Vizier decides to visit the Doge to discuss the future relations of the two nations. Meanwhile, the Sultan continues vassalization efforts in the Levant and Israel (not sure exactly how long this process will take, could a mod let me know?). The military is beefed up in the event that any of the inhabitants take up arms against the Sultanate. Meanwhile, the city in Mesopotamia continues to build ships, which begin to establish trade with Yemen and Oman. The Sultan hopes to be able to reach India sometime in the near future.
 * Judea is already part of Alexandria as a province. ~greg 
 * The entire thing? I thought only parts of it were. ~Chris
 * Well, if by Judea you mean the historical kingdom of Judea/Judah ... yes .. if you mean all of OTL Israel ... no, meet on chat if you'd like to discuss it any further ~greg
 * Ah yes, there's the misunderstanding. I meant the Israel region that is not claimed so far, just underneath Syria. ~Chris
 * Milan: Work continues on the Certosa di Pavia, the Castle Visconteo, and on the extensive Milan Cathedral. We continue training a proper standing army, utilizing Swiss mercenaries and local recruits. With border disputes now settled between the nations of Austria and Switzerland, we continue opening friendly relations with both nations in hopes of repairing our diplomatic relations and protecting our northern border. We continue constructing cogs and galleys to strengthen our navy and protect our interests on the seas. Our infrastructure is upgraded in our nation and in our vassals. Quarantine goes into effect in our nation to minimize the effectiveness of the plague. Ships are prevented from reaching our ports, having a costly effect on our economy, but luckily it seems to slow the spread of disease. Aid continues to be sent to the Christian nation of Alexandria in their righteous war against the Muslims of Egypt, and we are pleased that their war was so successful. Milanese traders begin operating in Alexandria, Padua, Austrian ports such as Trieste and Melilla, and our own, among others. We ask for a formal alliance with the nations of the Swabian League to protect our northern border. Specifically relations are opened between Swabia, Trier and the Palatine.
 * Novgorod: We continue the production of Koch boats, cannons, hand cannons, advanced crossbows, swords, and composite bows, increasing our military capabilities in case of war. The nation’s training and advancement of military continues. The recent classes of Koch ships are being manufactured in Novgorod. The town of St Patriksburg’s population grows a bit more that last year. As the construction of the town improves, the Kremlin finishes, trade becoming more in demand, the town gains slightly. Because of the trade road built with Tver our economy increases. After seeing a great success with the private schools in the cities of Novgorod, St Patriksburg, Staraya Russa, and Nizhny Novgorod. We start building another private school in Rostov and Yaroslavl. We complete building private schools in Torzhok and a private school in Staraya Ladoga. We dedicate this turn to economy. We continue to establish ties with our allies Muscovy and Pskov. We answer the requests from Pskov and close borders to non-Russian nations and institute quarantine to try to stop the plague.
 * Tver: We complete the construction of the private school in Tver and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Yaroslavl, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Yaroslavl: We complete the construction of the private school in Yaroslavl and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Rostov: We completed the construction of the private school in Rostov and start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Yaroslavl, Muscovy. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Hesse: We send some more ships down to the joint Oldenburger-Hessian outpost in Africa. It consists of supplies and some colonists. Meanwhile, Neu Lippe continues to grow. The military is built up. We continue to recruit to fill depleted regiments.
 * Colorado Confederation: The Civil War between the Confederation and the Collation continues. Rebellions are a problem for both sides. The Confederation, being more organized, however, uses this to an advantage. The Confederation offers their rebels autonomy if they join the army and conquer the Collation's lands. They also fund the rebels of the Coalition. With rebels continuing to uprise, their is further southern coastal expansion.
 * Trier: We upgrade our military and economy. The states around us are influenced. Trade routes are established, opening trade among Hesse, Cologne, and Austria and her vassals. We dedicate this turn to economic expansion, building several defenses, and roads to link towns across the nation. Fortifications around our capital are improved and updated. We accept an alliance from Milan and hope to establish trade routes from Germany into northern Italy.
 * Mapuche: The economy expands,and the written language grows more widespread. Some Mapuche begin to experiment with mathematics. Mapuche pride also continues to grow. There are 25,410 Mapuche in the territory.
 * The Hungarian King Sigismund believes the realm to be nearing stability once more as he believes the worst of the plague is over. He notices that most nobles have lost a significant amount of power due to the plague as it has lead to a manpower shortage in many regions across the realm. He tries to use this to his advantage and creates forceful migrations on a small scale to cause many nobles some chaos in their holdings. He does this mainly indirectly through soldiers and landowners loyal to him and this allows for nobles to have to pay higher prices for the farmers to work their lands. Meanwhile, on the shipbuilding front, more are built for an upcoming war and carraks are built to be bigger and bigger. Although many do not have as many cannons as main battleships carraks, they can hold more soldiers. Plans are made to protect these ships with smaller and faster ships using large numbers of these ships. These small ships are those which have been retrofitted and can now pack a heavy punch. Meanwhile, soldiers train with the new guns produced in gunsmiths dedicatedly, and the number of soldiers in the "gun division" grows. With migrating Hungarians, hundreds of villages are reoccupied and thus the lands begin to be farmed once more. The incoming Hungarians bring with them their culture and their folktales - which seem to play a larger part than a noble would expect. However, many begin to adopt elements from the local culture while bringing elements of Hungarian culture in. This allowed for many shops to open once more and many merchants to once more begin trading, helping to boost the slowing economy. They also begin to rebuild many roads which have fallen into disrepair.
 * In Sanafah, the population continues to turn towards Chritianity and Latinized Malagasy, largely as a result of the new Chief, Andry, who was crowned by the missionary Bishop Gabriel after his father, Tiavina, dies early this year. This brings about a Personal Union between Betsileo and Sanafah. Andry and Bakr III do not get along well as Bakr has decided to move against Christianity with no success. The Christianization of the island is extremely pervasive. Population, trade, and standard of living all continue to increase rapidly as new technologies are introduced. Work on a caravel in Mahjanga continues. Sakalava is now pretty much all culturally Sakalavan and united, but the recent gains made by Spanish and Christian cultures challenge this unity as many start to convert and learn Spanish for better trade. The Comoros, now in Personal Union, continue to struggle between Christian and Muslim factions and identities. With the hostilities on the Mainland, emphasis continues to be cultural. Betsileo also continues to experience Christian conversions. Economic turn.
 * Sofala: Continues to experience widespread Latinization and conversion to the Chritianity brought by the constant flow of Spanish ships. Sofala expands to the north this year, in a move to connect the Pembaran and Sofalan states to form on larger state. Toamisina also experiences frequent conversions to Christianity.
 * Oyo Empire: Before the Oyo troops leave the lands of Songhai, the Oyo throw the dead bodies of the Malian soldiers who resisted them over the walls of their enemies. The effects of this see the remnants of the plague spread into the cities of Songhai, leaving the "victorious" Songhai with an outbreak of the plague in their lands while the Oyo retreat to their own lands. There, they consolidate their rule in the region, and begin the long road to reconstruction. Elsewhere, the Oyo continue their production of naval ships, seeking to focus their aim overseas as they are now surrounded on all sides by their enemies, preventing any future expansion in West Africa. The production of firearms in Oyo takes on an important road in the empire. After seeing firsthand the devastating effects of gunpower, the Asaaju of Oyo decrees that one out of every five warriors is to be issued a gun, and more than one hundred cannon are to be produced by the arsenals of Oyo. The gunpowder "revolution" as it is called in Oyo, begins as Oyo now seeks to introduce the new and lethal technology into its military in large quantities. This "miracle weapon" as the Oyo see it, is unmatched on the continent, and sent entire battle-hardened African warrior units running in terror of the loud and smoky weapons. The military, economy and infrastructure of Oyo are expanded under the government thanks to the increase in development in the lands now that the war is over. Olorun begins his trip to Europe, taking with him his wife, daughter, aides, servants, and warriors, where he seeks to petition the King of Castile for his taking on a greater role in the development of Oyo.
 * Benin: Benin expands its military and economy, and plans to build a series of fortresses along the border with "Free Benin", or the lands not yet conquered by the legions of Oyo, are underway by the vassal government. A major port is planned at the city of Calabar, where a port of the Imperial Oyo Navy is to be sent.

1479
In Rome, Pope Celestine VII dies, and in the subsequent conclave, the French Guillaume d’Estouteville is elected Pope, taking the Papal name of Clement IX.

'''Balthasar, son of the current Holy Roman Emperor, George, goes on a hunt in the woods. After being separated he falls into a cave where he is attacked by a group of vesper bats. The event inspires him and later that day he is seen donning a cape in the family palace. He styles himself the Vespertilio, or as one courtier jokes, ‘bat man’.'''


 * LOL. We need more of these kinds of events. -Lx (leave me a message)Azarath Flag.png 01:09, April 21, 2014 (UTC)
 * When was the map last updated?
 * This is perfection.
 * I approve of this. Well done. ~Viva


 * Portugal: Continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Leiname. By this time, the colony in Leiname starts to export wheat to Portugal. Meanwhile, some Portuguese explorers continue to explore the African coast. The Açores continue to be settled. Meanwhile, shipwrights start to fuse and modify aspects of ships that are known to operate around the Atlantic and the Mediterranean, in order to develop larger ocean-going ships. Meanwhile, Urraca gives birth to a boy, who is named Pedro.
 * Prussia: The Prussians continue to convert to the Western Church. The Prussians declare war on the Hessian alliance, because of offensive statements made by the Hessian diplomat.
 * Courland: The Curonians also continue developing their economy and military. The Curonians also continue converting to the Western Church.
 * Ossel-Wiek: Ossel-Wiek also continues developing their economy and military. Ossel-Wiek also continues converting to the Western Church. The Duke of Ossel-Wiek dies, and his son Franz replaces him. Franz is a highly skilled administrator, but is unfortunately also highly eccentric and socially awkward.
 * Hamburgian Dip: Hamburg is outraged that Hamburg's ally of Prussia would declare war on Hamburg's other ally of Hesse. If Prussia doesn't revoke the declaration immediately, Hamburg will be forced to follow its Mutual Defense Pact with Hesse.
 * Can I bring MOD ATTENTION to this post? I do think this war is ASB. First, there is no basis for the war, which makes it ASB and secondly, they can't even reach them. Hesse is landlocked. On the former point, there is no reason for this, expansion can not be a reason. Why would Prussia expand into Hesse when there are a ton of other states next to them that are logically more prime targets? It can't be a diplomatic slight, nothing personal between Prussia and Hesse has occurred so far as I know, and simply being on opposite sides in one war doesn't mean a slight. The war is baseless. I think it is concerning that this is happening really. I hope mods can please put a line through it, or at least make Yank explain himself.
 * Yeah, not bordering him may be an issue but I see a potential cause in exploiting internal HRE disunity which means he picked a side, I believe. Regardless, no reasoning currently means I kinda don't have a choice but cross it out until there is some sort of explanation. Regardless, if he gives legit reason then, yeah, he can declare war if he wants. -Feud
 * Treverite Diplomacy: Shocked and outraged by the sudden betrayal of our ally, we declare war to aid Hamburg and Hesse.
 * Hamburg-Mecklenburg: The infrastructure is built up. Roads are built connecting the major cities. The University of Lüneburg continues to thrive, and a new school is planned for the Mecklenburgian city of Rsotock. Research into improving the naval vessels continues, as the current designs are nearing obsolete. Williamsburg, Neue Lüneburg, and the outpost on Schöne Blume continue to grow.
 * In Sanafah, the population continues to turn towards Christianity and Latinized Malagasy, largely as a result of the new Chief, Andry. Fighting between Andry and Bakr III continues to be resolved by the Council of Elders, but Bakr III notes that they are mostly Christian. Even more conversions take place when it is revealed that Tiavina had converted to Christianity on his deathbed. The Christianization of the island is extremely pervasive. Population, trade and standard of living all continue to increase rapidly as new technologies are introduced. Work on a caravel in Mahjanga continues. Sakalava is planning to be united with Sanafah proper in the creation of the Empire of Sakalava, planned for about 1485. The Comoros, now in Personal Union, continue to struggle between Christian and Muslim factions and indentities. With the hostilities on the Mainland, emphasis continues to be cultural. Betsileo also continues to experience Christian conversions. Military turn.
 * Sofala: Continues to experience widespread Latinization and conversion to the Christianity brought by the constant flow of Spanish ships. Toamisina also experiences frequent conversions to Christianity.
 * Guaymi: The Emperors forces continue to advance north towards the new water source another 2 px building roads connecting to the main city. (6 px north in the past three years total). The population continues to rise. The majority of the year is spent expanding and developing the economy. The army rises slighty in size by 20 specialized poison bow snipers, but spends years training. The Emperor begins plans to establish an outpost at a new water source in years to come, waiting for population and army to grow first.
 * Grand Duchy of Moscow: The nation of Muscovy begins trading along routes routing through the nation of Novgorod and its vassals, and the nation of Pskov. Money collected through trade and taxation is saved this year in the Muscovite treasury in case of an emergency. We become closer to Novgorod through trade, relying on Novgorod for safe land routes into our northern territory. Districts of our cities affected by the plague are quarantined and we make our best efforts to prevent the spread of the disease further. We condemn the new government in Ukraine, which so seceded from our own sovereign territory. In case of attack we expand our military, recruiting free levies from our cities to protect local regions of our nation. Pikes and crossbows become common equipment in some units after they begin to be produced locally to outfit local regiments. Bowmen continue to be an essential part of our military to provide support for melee units, with some gunpowder weaponry being used. In major cities kremlins are upgraded and outfitted with modern equipment and dedicated garrisons to combat any threat or invasion. The largest kremlin, located in Moscow, is especially upgraded, with new walls being added that are wider and can hold cannons. Settlement in the north is encouraged, bringing Christian and Russian traditions to the north of our territory and even into northern Siberia, a territory held by the Mongol hordes to the east. We reject the notion of “Mastorava” and order that “all Mongol missionaries of the proclaimed Tartary are to be executed.” These foreigners are executed on stakes, giving rise to the Grand Duke’s new title; “the Impaler”. Russian citizens are prompted to settle near Perm and spread Russian culture, rejecting the notion of Komi and this foreign religion. We dedicate this turn to economic expansion. Despite this, diplomats from Moscow do our best to improve relations, and the council within the capital deems it necessary to seek diplomatic relations with the Tartary. We are glad that trade agreements have been signed with Hungary, Poland, Rumania, and the Roman Empire, and we accept the trade agreement and alliance from the Venetian government.
 * Lithuania: Military is expanded. Trade between Moscow, Prussia and other nations helps to amass wealth, which is partially used to finance infrastructural projects and military fortifications.
 * Venetian Diplomacy: Venice offers to set up the Roscol Bank in Moscow and offers to provide financial safety and investment into the nation. Further the Bank offers to eliminate the extortionate loans that have almost bankrupted Moscow, which have come from the state of Pskov.
 * County of Oldenburg: The army and navy are improved and increased again this year. Quite a few men join the army's ranks. One very small sloop (just seaworthy enough to get from Oldenburg to Neu Borkum) is built and manned to be the official guard-ship for Neu Baltrum. It is sailed there with the OHG's whaling fleet and officially handed over to Governor kestner in an elaborate ceremony. The ship's crew (20 men) join the island's population, half of them on a permanent basis, and the other half on a rotational basis. An advertisment is put around with town criers back home, asking for a number of wives for the ten new residents of Neu Baltrum. Many answer the call. Governor Kestner, although pleased with the new boat, is not that pleased with the increase in population. He sends a letter to the count asking that no more people be sent to the island to live; so that the population does not outgrow the island's little resources. Nothing else happens.
 * Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: The Episcopal Bank of Osnabruck does so well that a new branch is opened up in one of the other towns. Bishop Klemens calls for any Catholics who wish to move to Osnabruck to take up positions as free tenants to the Church (which owns all agricultural land).
 * Alyeskan Khaganate: In the Alyeskan Khaganate, Koryak and Hiada culture continues to merge. Many Koryaks now move to Haida Gwaii, while almost the entire population has taken up yearly raids. This year, several penetrate as far as Kwakiutl Island (OTL Vancouver Island), where they raid the Coast Salish. Cedar canoes, though, have been replaced by larger ships, enabling greater forces of raiders, often including cavalry. The Khaganate expands 3000 km further, now filling the whole of Kodiak Island. The Khagan, faced with a burgeoning population and relatively little land, begins to investigate potential ssites for further expansion on the coast. Several raiding groups stay year-round this year, mostly on northern Kwakiutl Island among the friendly Nuuchaanulth, who they begin to influence (Turn One of Ten). Others build foritified settlements among the hostile Tsimshian. The limited crops lead the Khagan to send an expedition of five large ships (as well as some smaller ones) down the coast in search of new food sources. This is supported by the newly-formed Cartographic Society, which has mapped much of the coast but wishes to know how far it expands south. Meanwhile, fishing expands.


 * Haida: Growing numbers of Haida (about 30,000 out of a population of perhaps 100,000) have now adopted Shinto. Agriculture and domestic animals spread far faster. Soon all of the Haida have abandoned their hunter-gatherer lifestyle and adopted Koryak animals and crops - wheat and rice. Thus the economy improves.
 * Ethiopia: We build up our military and navy. The navy builds more ships for trade. Many churches are still continuing to be built. We use the Nile river to trade with our allies Alexandria. Agriculture is our biggest industry in the country besides trade. We expand our nation's borders 15 px south. The wall and outposts around the capital city are still in the process of being built. The 21 men who when on the expedition are still exploring Central Africa. We propose a treaty with Alexandria for the parts of the Nile. (treaty will get done on the talk page) We ask Yemen if they can spare the king a daughter to marry.
 * The Nation of the Oirats: Cement and iron increase in production. Iron weapons are now majorly used. As we increase in population, we slowly target our expansion northward. We expand 50 px to the North. We continue to develop our firearms. We continue to study the printing press and make more of them. We buy more books from China. We continue making more muskets. We now have 10,000 primitive musketeers. We begin building up our military and create even tougher practices.
 * We apologise to China and ask to continue trade.
 * Fusahito Theocracy: High levels of flooding devastate the Date Province, heavy rainfall causing many rivers to break their banks and flood agricultural land, causing a widespread lack of food. In response, the Emperor mobilises the newly created Imperial Army to build dikes and drainage channels to help in the worst affected areas. Much of the water from the ditches are used to irrigate paddy fields and impove food production after the end of the flooding. Meanwhile, priests from the Imperial Shinto Sect continue to vassalise the Toki state, acting as missionaries to convert the leadership to the belief in the divinity of the Emperor. Turn Two of Six. One year per 2% of size of home state. 119/998*100/2=5.96
 * Bengal Sultanate: The decrease in taxes on the landed elite does its job in most areas of the Sultanate, decreasing the tax load on the peasantry and earning him their support. The tax cuts on the merchant class allow for more trade to be conducted, and a recent lax on some of the quota laws allows for more goods to be shipped from Bengal, greatly increasing trade income. Trade with the state of Ava continues, with influence being placed through trade on Ava. Cash crops continue to be grown in large amounts. With our merchants traveling to Ava, Koch, Ahom and Arakan regularly, Islam continues to grow in their nations. Most all trade roads begin to see much-needed maintenance. Due to Bengal having control over lands of multiple ethnicities and religions, literary works in the form of poems and epics continue to take influence from all three religions of the Sultanate. Urdu, also called Hindi by some, becomes more common in the Sultanate due to the mixing of Hindu and Islamic ideals. We continue to help finance the Plutocratic State of Jaunpur, Delhi Sultanate and Bahamani Sultanate by sending gifts directly to the nobles/sultans, offering loans from powerful trade bankers, and decreasing the trade taxes over all of Bengal, allowing more of our merchant goods to travel into those states. We also raise a portion of the Sultan's personal levy and then divide it out to be sent to the states leaders, so that they can do with them what they wish in order to maintain order in their nation. The construction of schools and universities several years ago has led to an increase is scholars and literacy in our nation. The Sultan's son continues to be tutored by scholars from three of the different major religions in the known world, Islam, Buddhism and Hinduism. Due to the removal of trade barriers between a majority of states in the Indian League, ours and their merchants begin to travel with increased mobility and goods, thereby increasing the trade income and output in the agreeing nations. P eople who begin showing signs of infection are being turned away. Merchants who die in Bengal have their goods and assets siezed, and trade declines greatly from fear of the plague. Trade with the Orient and Africa increases greatly due to a lack of plague in their areas. The first siege guns of India finish construction, dubbed "Pandgan" or "Pandua Guns". I'M BACK! Eiplec - ಠ_ಠ (talk)
 * Bengal Sultanate: The decrease in taxes on the landed elite does its job in most areas of the Sultanate, decreasing the tax load on the peasantry and earning him their support. The tax cuts on the merchant class allow for more trade to be conducted, and a recent lax on some of the quota laws allows for more goods to be shipped from Bengal, greatly increasing trade income. Trade with the state of Ava continues, with influence being placed through trade on Ava. Cash crops continue to be grown in large amounts. With our merchants traveling to Ava, Koch, Ahom and Arakan regularly, Islam continues to grow in their nations. Most all trade roads begin to see much-needed maintenance. Due to Bengal having control over lands of multiple ethnicities and religions, literary works in the form of poems and epics continue to take influence from all three religions of the Sultanate. Urdu, also called Hindi by some, becomes more common in the Sultanate due to the mixing of Hindu and Islamic ideals. We continue to help finance the Plutocratic State of Jaunpur, Delhi Sultanate and Bahamani Sultanate by sending gifts directly to the nobles/sultans, offering loans from powerful trade bankers, and decreasing the trade taxes over all of Bengal, allowing more of our merchant goods to travel into those states. We also raise a portion of the Sultan's personal levy and then divide it out to be sent to the states leaders, so that they can do with them what they wish in order to maintain order in their nation. The construction of schools and universities several years ago has led to an increase is scholars and literacy in our nation. The Sultan's son continues to be tutored by scholars from three of the different major religions in the known world, Islam, Buddhism and Hinduism. Due to the removal of trade barriers between a majority of states in the Indian League, ours and their merchants begin to travel with increased mobility and goods, thereby increasing the trade income and output in the agreeing nations. P eople who begin showing signs of infection are being turned away. Merchants who die in Bengal have their goods and assets siezed, and trade declines greatly from fear of the plague. Trade with the Orient and Africa increases greatly due to a lack of plague in their areas. The first siege guns of India finish construction, dubbed "Pandgan" or "Pandua Guns". I'M BACK! Eiplec - ಠ_ಠ (talk)


 * Emirate of Andamana: Mansoor Basil Amirmoez continues to reclaim land on the island to make room for farms, and to have timber for building both boats and houses. The Emirate expands another 500 km into the island. The ships built by the timber from the island help contribute to Bengali trade. Continues working on economy and infrastructure.
 * Rajya of Orissa: Unlike the other vassals of the Bengali Sultanate, Bhandudeva IV is kept farther away from the daily politics of controlling Orissa, relying mainly on Islamic advisors sent directly by the Bengal Sultan. The advisors quickly persuade Bhandudeva IV to allow the Muslim settlers in the northern part of the Rajya to hold land south of the previously agreed living space. Continues working on military and infrastructure. Bhandudeva IV passes away, and the advisors vote in a Hindu successor, named Kapilendra Deva.
 * Swargadeo of Kamarupa: Now vassalized by Bengal, the Swargadeo of Ahom continues to receive extensive help in creating viable farmland. They do this by continuing a process of land reclamation in the northern part of the state, which is largely marshy and thinly populated. This process of reclamation begins by using dikes, embankments and irrigation systems. The Swargadeo (King) of Ahom passes away and his son inherits the Kingdom from his father.
 * Scandinavian Empire: The military expands, especially the navy. More galeasen are produced as are galleys. Work on a better exploration ship begins.
 * Venetian Republic:
 *  Books on various topics spread from Venice throughout Europe, continuing the Renaissance. Printed in the Venetian language, they teach of the sciences and humanities and revive learning, spreading knowledge (as well as the language) far and wide. .
 *  With the increased supply of Ducats, the fluidity of European trade increases with Ducat using nations benefiting most. 
 *  Many people sentenced to death are drowned in the canals as is the Venetian tradition. The tradition is becoming the primary way to execute criminals and is spreading to the Venetian territories across Europe. 
 *  Fine wool and silk clothing from Titani is exported across the Mediterranean and Black Sea and begins to set the trend in Renaissance clothing. 
 *  Venetian trade reaches across the known world. Merchant ships carry salt, silks, glass and a collection of other goods, both common and rare. Venetian traders are the largest carriers of trade in Europe, with the thousands of ships and a trading tradition continuing to fuel this. 
 *  The Roscol Bank uses local subsidiaries all across Europe to fund trade, with a leaning toward funding trade with Venice. They also fund enterprises across the continent, boosting the economies of the nations which they inhabit. The Roscol Bank invests conservatively. While this doesn't bring in as much wealth as other nations' banking, such as the Dutch, it results in a much more robust level of equity. 
 *  Due to the stability of business and protection afforded to private enterprise in Venice, many merchants set up shop in the city despite being foreign, utilising the Venetian law to protect their businesses. Criminals and a less divided merchant class mean prosperity for all those involved with Venetian business in some way. 
 * In Veneto Christofo sends letters across Europe to see if there are any eligible grooms and brides for the various Roscol children (GET YOUR ROYAL MARRIAGE HERE!) before they reach the age of 20: Dragano (second son of the Doge and shaping up to be a capable warrior) who is 20 and Giovanni (second son of the Doge's younger brother and a timid but clever boy) who is 16. Propaganda supporting the Venetian Church is spread. The Tola de Savio Omni declares that Venice will seek to right the wrongs of the past and sets out propaganda against its historical enemy of Milan, blaming them for the plague. Propaganda to this effect intensifies this year and many Venetians believe that Milan is to blame for most issues. Such propaganda is even spread to Milan, by word of mouth mainly, and tells of how great benign Venetian protection is and how terrible it is to live in a land where priests and kings decorate themselves in ornaments while preaching the words of Christ. The Order of Saint Mark numbers 20,000 now and numbers are now stable. The beliefs of the true faith are popular amongst commoners - especially those who feel the church does not practice the faith properly. Alexandria is the destination of massive amounts of pilgrimage from True Faith believers who also attempt to convert locals as well as settle down. Towards the end of the year the Doge rallies an army from all of the Republic: 20,000 men are from peninsula mercenary companies; 4000 come from Veneto; and 2000 from the rest of the Republic. He also summons the forces of Epirus, Candia and Kaffa to Venice: Epirus provides 14,000 men (a high amount due to their military traditions); Candia provides 7000 men; and Kaffa 5500 men. In December 52,500 men are camped near Trevixo, and the Doge's son Medardo camps there too speaking with officers from across the camp. The Doge invites Hungary to send their men to the camp too so they can better co-ordinate. Letters inviting forces and fleets to rally in Venetian lands and ports are sent to Bavaria and Castile too. (reaction to players) The Doge eagerly wishes to discuss the issue of canal access with Alexandria. Furthermore, the Doge offers to help other nations in their printing industries (GET YOUR PRINTING INDUSTRY HERE!) via Venessian Stanpar by establishing large printing workshops in their capitals with help from experienced Venetian workers, largely to continue trying to counteract the attempts from Pskov to break Venetian influence in the north and east. Venetian and Ottoman envoys discuss various issues in private about the future of Ottoman-Venetian relations.
 * In the Free Port of Porto Tolle the military grows.
 * In the Province of Istra the military grows.
 * In the Free Port of Scutari the military grows.
 * In the Province of Albania the military grows.
 * In the Province of Zante the military grows.
 * In the Free Port of Argos the military grows.
 * In the Province of Attica the military grows.
 * In the Province of Mytilene the military grows.
 * In the Province of Candelore the military grows.
 * In the Province of Morocco the military grows.
 * Mil-turn
 * Epirote Republic:
 * In Epirus the economy grows.
 * In the Free Ports of Epirus the economy grows.
 * In the Province of Valona the economy grows.
 * In the Province of Arta the economy grows.
 * Eco-turn
 * Venetian Empire:
 * In the Province of Aegina the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * In the Free Port of Athens the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * In the Province of Candia the military grows. Mil-turn
 * In the Corfiot Protectorate the military grows. Mil-turn
 * In the Province of Kaffa the military grows. Mil-turn
 * In the Naxian Protectorate the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * In the Province of Negroponte the military grows. Mil-turn
 * In the Free Port of Ragusa the economy grows. Eco-turn
 * Treverite Diplomacy: Shocked and outraged by the sudden betrayal of our ally in the south, and our sole source of trade in the south now in jeopardy, Trier declares war and calls upon the nation of Swabia to aid us. 
 * With the plague finally gone, Pskov lifts the quarantines and allows all trafic through its borders, improving its economic situation greatly. Nearly overnight, the markets that were almost empty become full again, and the Pskovian economy that was declining once again has a rise in GDP for the first time since the beginning of the plague. Without quarantine procedures, food products can now be traded with beond Russia, and many more good things happen, with traders benefiting greatly. However, it is expected for the full recovery to take next to five years, and even then, that is by the best estimates. The Pskov bank generously extracts money from Muscovy, whom owes them a large sum of money due to the past, and Pskov officially declares itself grateful that Muscovy was finally on the right track, and its loans are justified, which spared Muscovy the shame of Bankrupcy. Pskovian traders continue to sail through straits unhindered, and some want to find trade oportunities beond Europe, so an expedition is set to sail around Africa to establish trading relations and perhaps get some exotic fruits and exotic pets for the more wealthy Pskovians. Also, an expedition to China is also set, this one by land, through the Tatar state. The Pskovians have ill feelings towards the tatars for an event describred throguh the lenses of Pskovian authors and poets as the "rape of Perm" and viewed as "Savage slavers and murderers". However, trade is trade and trade does not concern itself with public realtions so the expedition goes on to try to find a kingdom on the other side of the world, a land across the ocean, where silk comes from. So the traders go down to Baghdad and start following the silk road with mead and vodka and alcohol and fur coats from Pskov and other great products and whatnot. The caravan numbers one hundred people, and is led by the cousin of the Prince, Aleksandr Vadimovich Zaytsev, and they are sent away, not to be heard from for many years. Aleksandr is ordered to keep a diary, to describe the voyage. This diary was later published and sold throughout Europe, and the final effects of this, coupled with spices and silks from China, and other exotic products, started to allure Pskov to the east, however, due to a large landmass, this took a long time for trade, and ways are looked into to try to speed up trade, which led to some suggesting finding a sea route to China, a straighter sea route than circumnavigation of Africa, something nobody can do yet ... but I am getting ahead of myself, Aleksandr still has a long and arduous journey ahead of him.
 * Netherlands: The disease begins to subside a bit in the Netherlands. However, about one-sixth of the Kingdom's population is dead and the economy is in need of time to recover from years of trade issues. Finally trade begins to pick up as the closure of ports and trade routes are lifted and ships are permited to continue with their activities. efforts to establish an outpost on OTL Fernando Po continue. Maurice continues looking for a new wife. we request to purchase Hamburg's ports on the island.
 * Hamburgian Dip: The Dutch purchase of the facilities on Schöne Blume are agreed to.
 * Mughal Empire: With the Hindu language spreading, in effort to improve relations with his "relative", Emperor-Khan Mirza offers a trade pact to the nation of Marwar. Mirza also allows writers to live on his court, which write books in Urdu, also called Hindu. These books are printed using the woodblock print, although due to its speed, suggestions are made whether wood blocks should be replaced by ceramic of metal. Metal is a prefered option, which causes mines to spread in the area of central Mughal.
 * Southern Chagatai Khanate: In the Khanate, Emperor-Khan Mirza, through his council issues the development of infrastructure and offers a trade pact with China.
 * Castile: The Castilian economy has massively swelled with thanks to the creation of the Spanish confederation and the addition of Aragon's trade and military fleet at Castile's disposal. Castile, as leader of the Spanish confederation, begins a series of economic and military reforms on all the kingdoms in order to expand all the local economies and militaries and centralize the confederation's economies in general. Castile at this point has explored farther down Africa establishing multiple trade posts along the way and reaching a point where the sea rounds the continent. However, the failure of supplies has led to this exploration fleet having to turn back. Castile has begun the development of a series of new ships meant to replace some of the aging designs and add some new innovations. The Castilian navy begins to replace multiple ships with the new carracks as some of the largest ships in the Castile fleet. The Castilian renaissance with the addition of Aragon's renaissance techniques has exploded significantly and with permission from the monarchy embroiled with organizing the Spanish confederacy and multiple projects the Renaissance has led to a mass amount of art and technological innovation being developed. Castile and its confederacy and vassals has now fully converted to the Western Church with the only exception being Cyprus due to its Orthodox roots and Orthodox leadership which prevents a total conversion. The Castilians begins to suffer issues within heavy trade cities of Gibraltar, and Seville as this disease begins killing many people. Castile regardless of the plague organizes a fleet of 12 ships to go through the canal for trade and exploratory purposes with multiple ships being filled to the brim with supplies and others with trade goods these ships make their first stop in Yemen. Three more unrelated ships push for mapping East Africa using the well established ports to do so pushing towards the Sanafah having much more supplies this time. The Kingdom of Granada is formally integrated into Castile with Ferdinand now 16 taking more and more responsibility preparing to take the throne next year. King Ferdinand makes an appearance in Granada for his coronation as the King of Castile and Integrated Granada as well as a coronation of his kingship over aragon fully. Castile expands its horizons on West African trade using a series of local trade posts outside of Oyos control to gain what it needs and prevent Castilian traders from being taken advantage of. With the disease over in Castile for the most part an estimated 700,000 people were killed with many of them being infants earning the plague the name "Infants Bane". However, population is made up significantly with the addition of nearly one million people integrated from Granada bringing Castile's proper population to nearly 7.5 million and slowly growing again thanks to birth rates recovering. Castile also begins a major army reform with multiple guns being remanufactured to be fired a bit faster and not require the stand to shoot from (even though its still recommended.) In this regard the Great Castilian strategist hears of a revolt in the countryside of Aragon with multiple remnant nobles supporting the old royal family, Carlos in this regard employs a new tactic in which his swordsman and spearman would be in front protecting rifleman. These soldiers employ a massed fire technique in a line and absolutely wipe out the rebel army and capture the two nobles imprisoning them in a prison in Toledo. Castile expands its trading post in the Cape of Good Hope to allow for more traders as well as housing some hired soldiers to defend from natives and prevent other people from setting up trade outposts. For the first time a ship is based from this trading post in South Africa giving them an escape route as well increased defences. Ferdinand begins the secret assembly of an Assassins Guild in Toledo assembling a series of very secretive but experienced swordsman as well as men who can run along the rooftops of the cities of Spain among many other European cities. This guild purely known as the "Assassins" maintains the creed secret to only those of the organization. Their maxim remains relatively unknown "Nothing is True, Everything is Permitted" The exploration fleet sent by Castile through the canal reaches India and goes along the coast to Bengal making first contact with Bengal.
 * Kingdom of Aragon: The relatively good treatment of Aragon by Castile and the fallacy of actions of the previous king in burning various areas and completely razing Aragon's capital city have forever earned the enmity and hate of most of the Aragonian people, many of which believed they could continue their lives under Castile in a better fashion, with greater access to Castile's vast diplomatic, trade and military power. This, along with common religion and semi-related language, has led to a nearly seamless transition into the personal union. Nobles have been appointed by Prince Carlos of Castile personally who has personally overseen the majority of the war in Aragon which with his expertise, charisma and swaying abilities has led to many supporting his decisions on either side. Carlos himself is appointed the transitional governor of Aragon in order to facilitate a much smoother transition. The Kingdom's navy previously seized is returned to people sympathetic to Castilians and the military navy in particular is given to a series of respected and well known Aragonians loyal to Castile. Aragon's assimilation into Castile cultural base begins due to many nobles now speaking Spanish (Castilian) which shows a notable effect of a few people especially merchants and some developing artisans which are currently able to speak the language proficiently. Aragonians spurred on by Prince Carlos to rebuild Zaragoza continue the work needed to rebuild the city and the various burned towns surrounding the city with the city being moderately repaired. For the time being, however, the capital of Aragon proper is migrated to Valencia. With Castilian assistance various infrastructural areas are rebuilt and the military is expanded to a token force of 5000. Along with this support the Aragonian economy recovers slowly with a slow but controlled influx of Castilian economic aid helping Aragon recover. The Aragonian Navy is allowed by Castile to move toward settlements in the Canaries down into Capo Verde, and according to Castilian trade agreements docks in Oyo for trade nearly doubling their previous range. This is pushed down further pushing underneath Oyo farther down the coast using Castilian trade posts to explore. A Revolt breaks out along the Castilian-Aragonian border. The military organizes but after hearing of Prince Carlos's quick handling of the situation sends about 1000 troops to patrol the area for remnants however this revolt seems to have put down most doubts about Castiles ability to rule both Castile and Aragon with the large force of nearly 8000 Aragonian revolters being completely wiped out or captured with nearly half being captured and the other half being killed. The ruling magistrate over Aragon signs a landmark trade deal with Castile which allows for Aragon's usage of Castile's large amounts of trade posts down the coast of Africa.
 * Kingdom of Cyprus: The King of Cyprus is now King Alexander of Cyprus. The King of Cyprus begins to see Castilian culture not as a dominant force but a possible blendable culture that can fit well within Cypriot society. The economy and military of the country is built up as is the infrastructure with a nice road system being built throughout the country. Cyprus gaining large funds from being a Castilian trade hub, begins building a few ships domestically, and purchases ships from Castile, or her allies shipwrights forming a respectable Cypriot navy of almost 90 ships with expected expansion to come. This expansion has been achieved specifically thanks to huge amounts of outsourcing to private shipwrights. Cyprus begins to see an exodus of the Knights Hospitaller west to Castile and her territories and King Matthias begins a larger recruitment for the military managing to raise a force of nearly 10,000. This force is largely funded through the large trade Cyprus has gathered. The troops are styled after Castile's royal army and Cyprus embarks on an intense training program in order to bring them up to standards. The Knights, with many departing also have many older and other knights stay due to their close ties with Cyprus. They remain to run the Knights Hospitaller in Cyprus for the foreseeable future while a large number have migrated across the sea. The Kingdom of Cyprus due to the recent issues in Castile reluctantly recognizes Carlos and his Regency for Prince Ferdinand. Cyprus itself with its fleet of nearly 100 ships begins to take after the Venetian example with trade and begins to put Cypriot merchant ships into state possession for trade in order to help with the kingdom's finances and heavy trade. This show immediate results as a relative increase in funding and attention to trade between Castile and her allies begins to improve the quality of trade. Cyprus shows many casualties from the disease due to its trade hub situation. Cyprus sends about 1000 knights to Alexandria for her crusade.
 * Kingdom of Morocco: The Kingdom establishes its capital in Casablanca and with this, begins a major point of establishing a major military presence in the area. The infrastructure, particularly in dealing with transport and water, is expanded to accommodate more people but the only people allowed to settle are Christians - particularly from Hispania. A notable number of Castilians settle the area. The leader of Morocco styled a king, out of respect deducts himself in rank to Prince of Morocco as the throne is only to be held by the King of Castile himself if it's ever required. The country begins the construction of various canals and cultivates trees farther inland to help increase arable farmland. The Moroccan economy continue to expand with greater trade coming from Castile and the Canaries all the way down to Capo Verde increasing the relative wealth. The Kingdom with many canals having been completed has vastly expanded its farmland among other things. Moroccos total population reaches nearly 650,000 with Christianity becoming dominant in the area. Calne-Vicuna is finished and is opened as an center for Christianity in North Africa with a library said to rival old Alexandria's.
 * Kongo: The recently vassalized Kongo and its Christian population begins to go on a larger "crusade" to convert its brothers in the region and begins a major program meant at taking the Christian areas and consolidating them into ruleable areas, etc. The Kingdom begins to work toward a trade and production economy focusing on helping provide resources for Castile's burgeoning West African trade network. The King of the Kongo converting to Christianity and being baptised begins to call for the expansion of ports to the best of the Kongolese architects' abilities. With the King also adopts the name John, in favor of the king who began these exploratory operations down the coast of Africa. The King also organized a band of Christian soldiers who help keep the peace who also begin to help with conversions to Christianity as a series of missionaries and high level priests from the Western Church have come on a ship hearing of many pagans and heretics to convert. The King makes multiple successful campaigns against various of the petty kings in Kongo killing two of them and leaving the third on the run. The Christianization of multiple areas is completed and multiple others are begun.
 * As the plague begins to wear off in China and India, quarantine procedures in Ayutthaya are ended, and trade increases once more. The armies of the kingdoms are finally consolidated into one, with only militias being raised from the individual kingdoms, though the kingdoms themselves are allowed increased autonomy in other regions - such as religion. A second religious conference is held, this time recognizing three religions - Buddhism, Hinduism and Islam, in that order, as based on the percentage of the population as part of those religions. The king, in fact, orders a census of the kingdoms to determine the population owned by each religion - the result comes back: 46% Buddhist, 31% Hindu, and 23% Muslim - mostly Sunni. More ships are built, partially for trade purposes. We sign a trading treaty with the nation of Siak, and increase the military size. Unfortunately, this does negatively affect our relations with the Majapahit, as this treaty allows us to take a large part of their trade. All vassals increase the size of their armies. 
 * Zapotec: Tlaco II expands roadways connecting cities in the alliance help merchants and soldiers move more freely between them. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. In the coastal regions under Danibaan's influence, more boats are created. Tlaco II orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Daibaan continues expanding into the surrounding city-states north along the gulf coast. Trade with the Aztecs commences after years of stagnation under Tlaco I. Another trade offer is sent to the Mayans in hopes of bettering relations with them. 
 * Cuzco and Vassals: Military and economy improve. Rebellions in Qullasuyu continue (Cuzco's gains have not been added.)
 * Rumania: Mircea II, now 24, takes up the reigns of leadership. He works of improving internal trade. Trust in the church has been shattered by the plague. The Moralists, urged by prince Mircea, meet with church officials and cut a deal; the moralists teachings, and leaders shall be integrated into the Rumanian and Bulgarian Orthodox churches. However neither side retains or gains all of their beliefs which causes some discontent. Many abandoned mines, shipyards, and mills reopen and several trade ships are launched. The printing press continues to spread across Rumania. Print expands rapidly as boyars demand books and text so as to appear powerful and influential. Hundreds of printing operations are founded in almost every major town or city. Radu, aged by wars and having sustained several injuries, exits court life in favor of spending his last few years with his wife. Sophia and Radu retreat to the countryside. The twins Theodora and Alexander attend the Venetian school as they reach the age of 14.
 * The Consulate of Bulgaria: The economy rebounds after the plague. The printing press spreads south into Bulgaria just as in Rumania. A large shipyard opens in Varna, owned by a private business, the Black Sea Shipping Company.
 * Trier: We upgrade our military and economy. The states around us are influenced. Trade routes are established, opening trade among Hesse, Cologne, and Austria and her vassals. We dedicate this turn to economic expansion, building several defenses, and roads to link towns across the nation. Fortifications around our capital are improved and updated. Relations are increased between Swabia and Milan in order to facilitate safe trade into Italy and the south of the region. We vow to mutually protect our allies in case of war as a gesture of good faith.
 * Alexandria: Trade continues to increase as the ports are re-established and more people are converted to Coptic Christianity due to the See of Saint Mark's presence, including those of the True Faith, the Christian region of Alexandria is nowhere near as harmed as the Islamic region by the plague (due to better living conditions), leaving many Muslims to reconsider their faith. Resources and military are sent to Aiguptia to build and protect the canal as that process continues and workers are encouraged to go seek out this opportunity - especially minority groups, which is seen workers begin to die due to tough conditions. The Philadelphi Canal continues to serve ships, but traffic is carefully  The economy is no longer threatened by stagnation due to the plague and begins to pick up as the plague dies off. Christians in North African nations are invited to immigrate to Alexandria . Missionaries and dignitaries remain in the Nubia region hoping to convert and influence some of the Nile cities (Turn Eight). The land acquired from Yemen by the Red Sea sees a small port town established for sailors and merchants to rest before going into the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean, there is a medium increase in population as more people look to get into the trade business. Officials here plan for immigration but do not anticipate the amount of immigrants this year, and balancing that with living conditions that must be kept up to minimize the plague's deadly effect. In the province of Judea they continue to raise up soldiers to protect both Christian, Islamic and Jewish pilgrimages. Taxes are not like those in Alexandria where they favor Christians, but rather equal for all three of these religions. Small amounts of conversions take place mainly converting Christians and Muslims to Coptic Christianity. The region of Egypt is consolidated into the kingdom and divided into provinces.Alexandria continues celebrates the marriage of Katrina of Alexandria and King Ferdinand  Alexandria works extensively on its navy as it wishes to explore the Great Eastern Sea (OTL Indian Ocean). Mil Turn.
 * Aiguptia: Continues to stabilize the nation. Engineers, cartographers and philosophers from all trade partners are offered jobs to work on expanding the Philadelphi Canal to take on present day cogs, treasure fleets and other ships. At many points ships can pass freely using two separate canals or wide manmade lakes. However, there are still flows to be worked out, and portions to be widened. Workers flow in seeking work and benefits that stream from the jobs, even those from disorganized areas of the former Mashriq Sultanate and the new Sultanate in Egypt, especially since some are trying to escape the plague, but this migration slows down considerable toward the end of the year. Aiguptia increases efforts to house these immigrant workers and assist them in finding jobs for after the canal is complete. Citizens and people in the surrounding regions and province are converted to Coptic Christianity. Missionaries continue to convert people, especially in Cairo. Cairo also attracts many in anticipation of the canal. The city at the crossing point of the canal OTL Zagazig, begins to be filled by merchants and people looking to get involved in the trade industry, but becomes known for poorer living conditions and being put at risk for the plague. Military learns as they progress in the war. Missionaries and organizers are sent to Nubia region to assist in building a kingdom there. Aiguptia expands another 100px into the Sinai Peninsula.
 * Caucasian Confederation: In order to handle the increasing flow of goods from Alexsaportu, Mepe Boris orders the establishment of guard posts at five-mile intervals along the entire Tagaschan. This measure ensures that more cavarans from the port arrive safely in T'bliisi and Yerevan, as well as improving Caucasian infrastructure. While plans are made to extend guard protection into the Medestani Sultanate, concern about Mesopotamian and Ottoman disapproval keeps the measure tabled for the time being. Meanwhile, Alexsaportu continues growing as Nestorian Persians and Arabs take refuge in the Christian enclave. The influx of skilled laborers helps the city's infant naval industry to grow, leaving just eleven years before the city can support a true naval force.
 * Kingdom of Georgia: Mepe Boris continues integrating Amier-Kavkasia into Georgia, and  the integration of the Principality is expected to take eleven more years. The creation of permanent guard posts staffed by Jarishuri veterans does much to alleviate commercial issues in the unsettled Caucasus, as bandit gangs rooted in the region since the Tartar Civil War find the decrease in their profits and increase in their casualties a very appealing reason to emigrate.
 * Principality of Rani: The gradual, bloody conversion of the Azeris to Orthodoxy continues; of the 290,000 Azeris, some 61,000 (21%) now profess Christianity in some form or another. Rivalry between the Georgio-Armenian "traditionalist" Orthodoxy and the more "flexible" Assyrian-Nestorian branch hampers conversion efforts; rumor has it that unscrupulous abbots have leaked several security weaknesses of their rivals' monastic compounds to Muslim insurgents, who have avenged themselves on the occupiers in thoroughly bloody (albeit futile) fashion.
 * Roman Empire: Hopefully, the last time I do this turn. The Empire continues to shift its trade to the west, although this slows down due to the opening/restoration of the canal in Egypt. Engineers and soldiers continue to help with the project there. Weapons and books continue to be sent to the Tartar Empire to help the Emperor Theodore defeat his opponents. With the weapons available to the Empire largely reaching a standstill, the Emperor turns his attention toward bettering the health and wealth of his people. To this end, he encourages the continued research into medical care and the expansion and construction of hospitals. Education is also seriously considered once again now that the times of war have passed the Empire by. To help do this, the University of Constantinople considers sending some of its scholars to other parts of the Empire to educate citizens that cannot make the journey to Constantinople. A prominent Latin from Patras, Carlo de Patra, begins his education at the university. He soon begins to amaze his professors with this imaginative and complicated designs and theories related to science and the physical world. (I will elaborate when I return). With the advanced medical research in recent years as well as extensive prior knowledge, the Empire's doctors are able to save people from the plague. However, many still die from either the plague or its complications, including the Emperor's youngest son, leaving Thomas the only heir to the throne. To protect him the royal family retreats to its Thracian estates. The Empire accepts the treaty regarding the canal and sends a small contingent of troops to aid Egypt in its war.
 * Albania: With the revolts in Italian Albania in full swing, the kingdom is not sure how to react. Many of the citizens want the war to happen, and some even move back to help the resistance. The government is much more neutral, concerned if the Roman Empire will back such military action and the thought of waging war on a nation that helped Albania gain independence. The national military is expanded and trained further as a result.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The disease continues killing many. The king attempts to avoid such an event but it fails only spreading it harder in regions of Basel, Lorraine and Burgundy - as well as in Sardinia where it kills hundreds without any seeming cause. The death toll reaches a half million since the start and many corpses accumulate throughout the domains, impelling the need for a better way to avoid the kingdom and bringing many to doubt the king's might on the French monarchic lands. This is even more acute in regions like Sardinia far from the central government. The vassalage of Aargau continues as well as the vassalage of Foix. Limoges vassalage begins.
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up. Economy expands. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Albret: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Nemour: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Guyenne: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Berry: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Armagnac: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Sardinia: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region. Some begin to question the king of France's choices and begin wondering about establishing their own state.
 * Basel: Military and economy are built up. The infection rages on killing many in the region.
 * Aargau: Military and economy are built up. The French presence begins to felt. However, the attempts to establish a pro-Germanic government in order to avoid eventual uprisings, internal vassalization begins as well to fully convince German leadership.
 * Foix: Military and economy are built up.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. the population native drops to 450,000 (from around 750,000 in the region) due mostly to the plague and the war. French nobles begin to arrive due to the relative power void. While this, navy of the French begin docking in Tunis, soon renamed Carthage.
 * Milan: Work continues on the Certosa di Pavia, the Castle Visconteo, and on the extensive Milan Cathedral. We continue training a proper standing army, utilizing Swiss mercenaries and local recruits. With border disputes now settled between the nations of Austria and Switzerland, we continue opening friendly relations with both nations in hopes of repairing our diplomatic relations and protecting our northern border. We continue constructing cogs and galleys to strengthen our navy and protect our interests on the seas. Our infrastructure is upgraded in our nation and in our vassals. Quarantine goes into effect in our nation to minimize the effectiveness of the plague. Ships are prevented from reaching our ports, having a costly effect on our economy, but luckily it seems to slow the spread of disease. Aid continues to be sent to the Christian nation of Alexandria in their righteous war against the Muslims of Egypt, and we are pleased that their war was so successful. Milanese traders begin operating in Alexandria, Padua, Austrian ports such as Trieste and Melilla, and our own, among others. We ask for a formal alliance with the nations of the Swabian League to protect our northern border. Specifically relations are opened between Swabia, Trier and the Palatine.
 * Novgorod: We continue the production of Koch boats, cannons, hand cannons, advanced crossbows, swords, and composite bows, increasing our military capabilities in case of war. The nation’s training and advancement of military continues. The recent classes of Koch ships are being manufactured in Novgorod. The town of St Patriksburg’s population grows a bit more that last year. As the construction of the town improves, the Kremlin finishes, trade becoming more in demand, the town gains slightly. Because of the trade road built with Tver our economy increases. After seeing a great success with the private schools in the cities of Novgorod, St Patriksburg, Staraya Russa, and Nizhny Novgorod. We start building another private school in Rostov and Yaroslavl. We complete building private schools in Torzhok and a private school in Staraya Ladoga. We dedicate this turn to infrastructure. We continue to establish ties with our allies Muscovy and Pskov. We answer the requests from Pskov and close borders to non-Russian nations and institute quarantine to try to stop the plague.
 * Tver: We complete the construction of the private school in Tver and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Yaroslavl, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to infrastructure.
 * Yaroslavl: We complete the construction of the private school in Yaroslavl and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to infrastructure.
 * Rostov: We completed the construction of the private school in Rostov and start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Yaroslavl, Muscovy. We dedicate this turn to infrastructure.
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Landshut expands its military. The population continues to rise. Grand Duchess Eleanor and her council continue to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with twenty-five very large cogs being finished, and by 1479 a trade route is put in place. Such important places in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany, due to a longstanding trade deal. Continuing in 1479, Eleanor commissions six cogs to sail around western Mediterranean coasts. The market center in Landshut continues to attract Bavarian and Venetian traders. In religious news, around 75% of the country adheres to the Western Church. Most adherents live around Munchen and Landshut. In other news, Bavaria continues implementing the Alliance and Merchant Act as well as the Militia and Navy Act. Eleanor ends her predecessors policies of advancing Sedevanticism in the government. As the new Grand Duchess, Eleanor continues to vet and interrogate most of the powerful nobles of Bavaria. To work more efficiently, she appoints Vallerio Volpe as her spymaster. By the end of the year, Eleanor hosts a more developed middle class in Trausnitz than her numerous predecessors had. This earns her the sobriquet "The Middling Queen" to flavor the already popular "Merchant Queen" title. In other news, Eleanor continues to develop her cousin's seemingly successful administrative policies. In plague news, city walls continue to be maintained as the death toll declines across the country and the plague dies down across Europe. Eleanor continues to order her court to carry incense and herbs to curb the "bad airs" and "miasmas" that may cause another resurgence of the plague. She also orders all rats seen to be killed in Landshut. Suspecting that dirtiness and lack of hygiene may have an effect on disease spread, several court physicians delve into research. Several of them begin to bathe regularly and clean their hands, hoping that God may smile upon cleanliness, productivity and hygiene and remove the afflictions felt at hand. In national news, the common courts continue to be implemented around Bavaria as several of the lower class make use of it. The serf laws begin to be used as well. While not extremely active, as many as two dozen serfs earn their freedom by the end of the year.
 * Munchen: By 1479, the total class of Queen Isabell University amounts to about 3520 men. Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. In recent news, unemployment begins to crawl upward after the suspension of the Roscol Bank in Landshut. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, the plague has more or less retreated from this area.
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, the plague has more or less retreated from this area
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, the plague has more or less retreated from this area.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, the plague has more or less retreated from this area.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, the plague has more or less retreated from this area.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, the plague has more or less retreated from this area.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, the plague has more or less retreated from this area.
 * Wurzburg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. The city walls are guarded and renovated due to the plague. By year's end, the plague has more or less retreated from this area. The clergy of Wurzburg find small solace as the Grand Duchess is the somewhat temperate, analytical Eleanor.
 * Oyo Empire: Asaaju Olorun and his daughters arrive in the Castilian port city of Cadiz, where he and his entourage tour the city and its many sites, as well as visit the local lords of the land. Olorun prepares for his trip to Madrid, where he shall seek an audience with the King of Castile, and petition him for his further support in the region Oyo occupies. Elsewhere, Oyo colonizes OTL San Fernando, establishing a colony on the island where a small fortress is too be constructed to project Oyo military strength in the Bright of Biafra. This colony is expanded by 25 km, a quick claim thanks to the lack of natives on the island. On the mainland, the navy is increased as a direct result of the colony's formation, and the military is expanded for future garrison duties in the colony. Infrastructure is increased, as well as the economy, which benefits from the planned expansion of vital industries in the empire. Gunpowder weaponry continues in Oyo, with a number of guns and cannon produced in the arsenals of Oyo-Ile, Lagos, Ife, and Accra. These weapons are quickly parcelled out to military units within the Ikarira, with the Asaaju's decree of one out of every six warriors being armed with a gun, carried out in haste. These new units will form the backbone of the new army under construction by the government. With the introduction of gunpowder weapons into Oyo's army, the collapse and absorbtion of Mali into Songhai, and the lack of any major powers in the region possessing a defense against Oyo's cavalry, Oyo quickly becomes the regional superpower in West Africa, being many leagues ahead of its neighbors technologically, economically and militarily.
 * Benin: Benin expands its military, economy and industry, primarily around the city of Calabar, where the Oyo Navy has colonized San Fernando from. The Royal Benin Navy, commanded by Yoruba, and mainly staffed by Yoruba, is established on the orders of the local government to support Imperial Oyo efforts elsewhere. The production of one nlanla and three yanyan for the new navy begins, allowing Benin to join its protector on the high seas.
 * Mali: The newly conquered land undergoes pacification, as the population has largely come to accept the Oyo as their new masters. Given the mixed heritage of their new ruler Olorun, the Malians have little issue with their leader, and even respect him as his own mother was the daughter of one of their late leaders. Despite this, many rebel elements still exist within the fabric of Mali society, and the local Oyo garrison continues its fight against these forces.