Principia Moderni III (Map Game)

​Principia Moderni, or "The Beginning of the Modern" in Late Latin, was a map game beginning in the final days of the Middle Ages in Europe, and the early days of the Ming Dynasty in China - in 1400 C. E, a turbulent era; in other words, an era of change; an era in which power is cemented. The first game was perhaps the most successful map game on the wiki in terms of length, finishing without dying and plausible expansions. However, it did have its problems, and has now finished. The second game, instead of being a worthy successor to the first, was marred by over-expansionism, feuds between players, ambiguity in the rules, which often caused controversy on wars between player nations, over-competitiveness, and overall inactivity of the moderators, but was nevertheless successful in reaching the Modern Age. And thus, this third installment has been created. Welcome to Principia Moderni III!

Active

 * 1) Andr3w777
 * 2) Collie Kaltenbrunner (Moderator-in-Chief, Assistant Mapmaker)
 * 3) Callumthered
 * 4) Commandante Lemming
 * 5) CourageousLife
 * 6) CrimsonAssassin
 * 7) Fedelede
 * 8) Feudalplague
 * 9) Monster Pumpkin
 * 10) Mscoree (Moderator and Mapmaker)
 * 11) Scandinator (Mapmaker, Disaster Mod)
 * 12) Sine dei gloriem (Moderator and Mapmaker)

Honorary

 * AwesomePeruvian
 * Cosman246 (creator of the first game)
 * Detectivekenny (moderator-in-chief of the first game)
 * Galaguerra1
 * PitaKang
 * LurkerLordB (moderator-in-chief of Principia Moderni II until about 1580)
 * VonGlusenburg
 * Scrawland Scribblescratch (Mapmaker only)

Current Map
As a note to everyone, do not edit the map unless you are authorized as a mapmaker. Inability to follow this rule will be met with action. "This is not your grave  but you are welcome in it. " 00:00, April 10, 2014 (UTC)

Remember to align the map to the center! History Does Not Repeat Itself, Yet It Does Rhyme



Sign-ups

 * See Also: Territories 

Western Europe (France & Iberia)

 * Lordship of Albret --
 * Andorra --
 * Anjou (Personal Union under Provence) --
 * Brittany -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Spanish Confederation
 * Castile --
 * Aragon (Personal Union under Castile) --
 * Kingdom of Granada (Vassal of Castile) --
 * Foix (Personal Union with Andorra) --
 * French Monarchy (Predominant French control, Still some nations away from direct monarchic control)
 * Alençon (Dynastic Union with Valois) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Angoulême (No Ruler, governed by Valois) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Armagnac (Dynastic Union with Valois) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Auvergne (Personal Union with Berry, Vassal of France) -- Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Berry (Dynastic Union with Valois, Vassal of France) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Blois (Personal Union under Orléans with France) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Bourbon (Dynastic Union with Valois) Vassal of France -- Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Duchy of Burgundy (Personal Union with France)-- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Dunois (Personal Union under Orléans with France) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Forez (Personal Union under Bourbon, Vassal of France) -- Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * France: -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * La Marche (Dynastic Union with Bourbon) --
 * Nemours (Personal Union with Armagnac) -- Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Nevers (Dynastic Union with Burgundy) --
 * Orléans (Dynastic Union with Valois, Vassal of France) -- Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Parthenay (Vassal of Orléans) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Périgord (Personal Union under Orléans) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Rodez (Personal Union with Armagnac) -- Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Valois -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Vendôme (Personal Union under La Marche) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Limoges --
 * Portugal -- Collie Kaltenbrunner (talk)
 * Saluzzo (Vassal of France) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Kingdom of the Netherlands-- With Blood and Iron (talk)

Northern Europe (Britain & Scandinavia)

 * UNC
 * Denmark -- Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svgLabarum.jpgCrimsonAssassin- I have special eyes
 * Sweden -- Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svgLabarum.jpgCrimsonAssassin- I have special eyes
 * Norway -- Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svgLabarum.jpgCrimsonAssassin- I have special eyes
 * Schleswig -- Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svgLabarum.jpgCrimsonAssassin- I have special eyes
 * Sligo --
 * Thomond --

Albion

 * Eire -- Bfoxius (talk)
 * England-- Trust Me, I'm The Doctor (talk)
 * Wales -- Trust Me, I'm The Doctor (talk)
 * Dublin -- Trust Me, I'm The Doctor (talk)
 * Scotland -- Trust Me, I'm The Doctor (talk)

Holy Roman Empire

 * Alpine HRE States
 * Aargau --
 * Austria -- Mscoree (talk)
 * Basel -- Vassal of France Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Chur -- (Vassal of Austria) Mscoree (talk)
 * Cilli (Vassal of Hungary) -- [[Image:1.png|23px]]Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Freibourg --
 * Montfort --
 * Swiss Confederacy -- Daeseunglim (talk)
 * Salzburg -- (Vassal of Austria) Mscoree (talk)
 * Wallis --
 * Bohemian HRE States (Vassal states to Bohemia, except Moravia)
 * Bohemia -- Mscoree (talk)
 * Moravia (Dynastic Union with Bohemia) -- Mscoree (talk)
 * Silesia -- Mscoree (talk)
 * Frankish HRE States
 * Bar --
 * County of Burgundy (Personal union under the Duchy of Burgundy) -- Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Cambrai (Bishopric) --
 * French Flanders (artios, and the lands south of the county of Flanders, Personal Union with Burgundy) -- Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Lorraine (Vassal of Burgundy) -- Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Luxembourg (Personal Union under Moravia) -- Mscoree (talk)
 * Straßburg -- (Vassal of Austria)
 * Sundgau (Consolidated with Strassburg)
 * Verdun -- (Vassal of France) -- Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria
 * Bayern-Ingolstadt (Vassal of Bavaria) -- Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Bavaria (Bayern-Landshut) -- Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Bayern-Munchen (Vassal/Personal Union of Bavaria) -- Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Bayern-Straubing (Vassal of Bavaria) -- Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Burgau (Vassal of Bavaria) Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Nürnburg (Vassal of Bavaria) -- Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Burggraschaft (Vassal of Bavaria) -- Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Bamberg (Vassal of Bavaria) -- Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Würzburg (Vassal of Bavaria) -- Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Berg
 * Cleves-Mark (Vassal of Koln)
 * Köln (Prince-Bishopric)
 * Thurinigia
 * Grand Duchy of Hesse
 * Hesse -- Blocky858 (talk)
 * Hessian Lippe -- Blocky858 (talk)
 * Hessian Bruchhausen -- Blocky858 (talk)
 * Hessian Bremen -- Blocky858 (talk)
 * Neu Lippe -- Blocky858 (talk)
 * German HRE States (Under construction)
 * Augsburg -- (Vassal of Austria) Mscoree (talk)
 * Bamberg --
 * Brandenburg (Personal Union under Moravia) Mscoree (talk)
 * Bremen (Bishopric) --
 * Burggrafschaft --
 * Duchy of Hamburg -- I am that guy (talk)
 * Holstein (Vassal of Denmark) -- Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svgLabarum.jpgCrimsonAssassin- I have special eyes
 * Jülich -- (Vassal of Trier)
 * Magdeburg (Prince-Bishopric) (vassal to Hamburg) --
 * Mainz (Prince-Bishopric) -- (Vassal of Austria) Mscoree (talk)
 * Mecklenburg (personal union with Hamburg) --
 * Munster (Prince-Bishopric, Vassal Of Hesse) -- Blocky858 (talk)
 * Oldenburg -- Callumthered (talk)
 * Osnabrück (Prince-Bishopric) (Vassal of Oldenburg)-- Callumthered (talk)
 * Paderborn (Prince-Bishopric, Vassal of Hesse) -- Blocky858 (talk)
 * Pfalz (Dynastical Union with Bavaria) (Fragmented) --
 * Pomerania-Stettin (Dynastic Union with Poland) --
 * Pomerania-Wolgast --
 * The Hansa --
 * Trier (Prince-Bishopric)-- NonEuclidean ツ (Talk)
 * Zweibrücken (Vassal of Trier)
 * Swabia (Vassal of Austria) - Mscoree (talk)
 * Italian HRE States
 * Corsica (Personal Union under Italy) -- Quashi (talk)
 * Ferrara (Vassal of Italy) -- Quashi (talk)
 * Genoa (Personal Union under Italy) -- Quashi (talk)
 * Milan -- Tr0llis (talk)
 * Modena (Vassal of Italy) -- Quashi (talk)
 * Padua -- (Vassal of Milan) Tr0llis (talk)
 * Provence -- Quashi (talk)
 * Tuscany (Vassal of Italy)  -- Quashi (talk)

Southern Europe (Italy & the Balkans)

 * Aegina (Vassal of Venice) -- Kunarian (talk)
 * Albania (vassal of the Roman Empire) -- Monster Pumpkin
 * Arborea --
 * Athens (Vassal of Venice) -- Kunarian (talk)
 * Bosnia (vassal of Hungary) -- [[Image:1.png|23px]]Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Bulgaria (vassal of Rumania) -- Stephanus rex (talk) 22:46, March 26, 2014 (UTC)
 * Roman (Byzantine) Empire -- Monster Pumpkin
 * Candia (Vassal of Venice) -- Kunarian (talk)
 * Corfu (Vassal of Venice) -- Kunarian (talk)
 * Croatia (Personal Union with Hungary) -- [[Image:1.png|23px]]Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Epirote Republic (Personal Union with Venice) -- Kunarian (talk)
 * Garay (Vassal of Hungary) -- [[Image:1.png|23px]]Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Hungary -- [[Image:1.png|23px]]Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Italy -- Quashi (talk)
 * Naxos (Vassal of Venice) -- Kunarian (talk)
 * Negroponte (Vassal of Venice) -- Kunarian (talk)
 * Vatican City (Vassal of Italy) -- Quashi (talk)
 * Ragusa (Vassal of Venice) -- Kunarian (talk)
 * Rumania (Principia Moderni III Map Game) -- Stephanus rex (talk)
 * Sardinia -- (Personal Union) Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Serbia (Vassal of Hungary) -- [[Image:1.png|23px]]Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Sicily (Dynastic Union with Aragon) -- DatStar (talk) < not anymore???
 * Split (Vassal of Hungary) -- [[Image:1.png|23px]]Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Venetian Republic (Personal Union with Epirus) -- Kunarian (talk)
 * Zachlumia (Vassal of Hungary) -- [[Image:1.png|23px]]Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Zeta (Vassal of Italy) -- Quashi (talk)

Eastern Europe

 * Courland -- Yank
 * Great Perm (Vassal of the Tartary) -- Fed (talk)
 * Tatar Empire -- Fed (talk)
 * Lithuania (Vassal of Muscovy) -- Fritzmet (talk) 02:45, April 20, 2014 (UTC)
 * Mazovia (Prussian Vassal) -- Yank
 * Muscovy - Fritzmet (talk) 02:45, April 20, 2014 (UTC)
 * Novgorod --
 * Rostov (Vassal of Novgorod) --  ...  Razor  - the Razor Nabil.png
 * Yaroslavl (Vassal of Novgorod) --  ...  Razor   -  the Razor  Nabil.png
 * Osel-Wiek --
 * Poland -- [[Image:1.png|23px]]Imp (Say Hi?!) 16:38, March 31, 2014 (UTC)
 * Pskov -- -Lx (leave me a message)Azarath Flag.png
 * Prussia -- Yank
 * Tver (Vassal of Novgorod) --  ...  Razor   -  the Razor  Nabil.png

Anatolia & Caucasia

 * Principality of Amier-Kavkasia (Vassal of Georgia) -- "Tom" TankOfMidgets (talk)
 * Ak Koyunlu (White Sheeps) --
 * Kingdom of Armenia (Dynastic Union with Georgia) -- "Tom" TankOfMidgets (talk)
 * Cyprus (Vassal of Castile) --
 * Dulkadir (Vassal of Ottomans) -- ChrisL123 (talk)
 * Sultanate of Erzincan (Vassal of Ottomans) -- ChrisL123 (talk)
 * Kingdom of Georgia -- "Tom" TankOfMidgets (talk)
 * Kaffa (Vassal of Venice) -- KunarianTALK
 * Kara Koyunlu (Black Sheeps; Vassal of Ottomans) -- ChrisL123 (talk)
 * Karaman --
 * Mardin --
 * Ottoman Empire— ChrisL123 (talk)
 * Principality of Rani (Vassal of Georgia) -- "Tom" TankOfMidgets (talk)
 * Ramazan --

Mesopotamia

 * Mansuriyya Caliphate -- Flag_of_South_Korea.png PitaKang-  My Life for Aiur!   En Taro Tassadar  22:12, April 1, 2014 (UTC)
 * Grand Principality of Assyria (Vassal of Georgia) -- TankOfMidgets (talk)
 * Muzaffarid Dynasty --
 * Aleppo Eyalet --

Arabia

 * Caliphate of Mecca --
 * Caliphate of Madinah -- User: HeiligReich (talk)
 * Oman - FP(problem?)
 * Yemen --
 * Province of Judea (a Province of Alexandria ATM) g greg e   (talk)  16:05, April 12, 2014 (UTC)

Central Asia

 * Safavid Empire -- ShadowKnights1234
 * Hazaraspid Dynasty --
 * Khwarezmid Dynasty --
 * Renewed Tahirid Dynasty --
 * Renewed Saffarid Dynasty --
 * Kara-Khanid Khanate --
 * Biyid Dynasty --
 * Samanid Dynasty --
 * Tengiz Khanate --
 * Qasimid Khanate --
 * Hyrcanian Kingdom --

South Asia

 * Andhra --
 * Bastar --
 * Bengal Sultanate -- Eiplec - ಠ_ಠ (talk)
 * Emirate of Andamana -- Eiplec - ಠ_ಠ (talk)
 * Rajya of Orissa -- Eiplec - ಠ_ಠ (talk) Eiplec - ಠ_ಠ (talk)
 * Swargadeo of Kamarumpa -- Eiplec - ಠ_ಠ (talk)
 * Chutiya --(Vassal of Tibet) Flag_of_Tibet.svg <span style="text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px brown, 0 0 1em #000, 0 0 0.2em #0FF; color: white; font: 1.5em Cambria, serif; text-align: center; font-variant: small-caps;">Jbwncster  <span style="text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px brown, 0 0 1em #000, 0 0 0.2em #0FF; color: white; font: 1.0em Cambria, serif; text-align: center; font-variant: small-caps;">(Talk)  RustySilverGear.png 05:00, March 15, 2014 (UTC)
 * Dhundhar (Disorganized) --
 * Gondwana --
 * Gujarat --
 * Gwalior --
 * Jaffna --
 * Jaisalmer -
 * Kathiawar --
 * Khandesh --
 * Kozhikode --
 * Malwa --
 * Marwar (personal union with the Mughal Empire)  -- <font color="#00AAE4">Sky Green 24 16:54, May 7, 2014 (UTC)
 * Mewar (Disorganized) --
 * Raigam (Disorganized) --
 * Mughal Empire (personal union with Marwar) -- SkyGreen 24

East Asia

 * Alliance of the Four Oirats (Vassal of China) -- Ninjasvswarriors (talk)
 * Western Chagatai Khanate (Vassal of the Tartary) -- Fed (talk)
 * Eastern Chagatai Khanate (Vassal of Oirats) --
 * Haixi Jurchens (Vassal of China) -- Scandinator (talk)
 * Hualian --
 * Japan (civil war between the Daimyos, highly decentralized) **
 * Akamatsu --
 * Amago --
 * Fusahito Theocracy -- Ozymandias2 (talk) 13:22, April 14, 2014 (UTC)
 * Hatekeyama --
 * Imagawa --
 * Isshiki (Fusahito vassal)-- Ozymandias2 (talk) 15:35, May 7, 2014 (UTC)
 * Kamakura --
 * Kikuchi --
 * Mogami --
 * Oda --
 * Otomo --
 * Ouchi --
 * Satake --
 * Shimazu --
 * Shoni --
 * Takeda --
 * Uesugi -- TotalWarrior12 (talk) 14:17, April 14, 2014 (UTC)
 * Yamana --
 * Jianzhou Jurchens --WHY seriously why???!!! 21:07, April 28, 2014 (UTC)
 * Korea (Vassal of China) -- Scandinator (talk)
 * Ming China -- Scandinator (talk)
 * Mongol Khanate (Vassal of China) -- Scandinator (talk)
 * Mangut Nivkhgu --
 * Ryukyu --
 * Tainan (Vassal of China) -- Scandinator (talk)
 * Tibet -- Jbwncster (talk)
 * Wild Jurchens --

South-East Asia

 * Ayutthaya --
 * Dai Viet -- Harvenard2 (talk) 22:48, April 25, 2014 (UTC)
 * Khmer Empire (Vassal of China) -- Scandinator (talk)
 * Lan Xang (Vassal of China) -- Scandinator (talk)
 * Lanna --
 * Pegu (Vassal of China) -- Scandinator (talk)
 * Shan States -- <span style="background:-webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, from(#B8860B), to(#DEB887)); border:4px ridge grey; -webkit-border-radius:0em 0em 0em 0em;">Flag_of_Tibet.svg <span style="text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px brown, 0 0 1em #000, 0 0 0.2em #0FF; color: white; font: 1.5em Cambria, serif; text-align: center; font-variant: small-caps;">Jbwncster  <span style="text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px brown, 0 0 1em #000, 0 0 0.2em #0FF; color: white; font: 1.0em Cambria, serif; text-align: center; font-variant: small-caps;">(Talk)  RustySilverGear.png
 * Sukhothai (Vassal of Ayutthaya) --
 * Taungoo -- (Vassal of Tibet) <span style="background:-webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, from(#B8860B), to(#DEB887)); border:4px ridge grey; -webkit-border-radius:0em 0em 0em 0em;">Flag_of_Tibet.svg <span style="text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px brown, 0 0 1em #000, 0 0 0.2em #0FF; color: white; font: 1.5em Cambria, serif; text-align: center; font-variant: small-caps;">Jbwncster  <span style="text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px brown, 0 0 1em #000, 0 0 0.2em #0FF; color: white; font: 1.0em Cambria, serif; text-align: center; font-variant: small-caps;">(Talk)  RustySilverGear.png

Asian Islands

 * Aceh (Vassal of Ayutthaya) --
 * Aru (vassal of Ayutthaya) --
 * Bima --
 * Bone --
 * Brunei --
 * Kutai --
 * Majapahit (vassal of Ayutthaya) --
 * Makassar --
 * Minahasa --
 * Negara Dipa --
 * Pagaruyung --
 * Selebar --
 * Siak (vassal of Ayutthaya) --
 * Sukadang --
 * Sunda --
 * Tidore --
 * Tondo --
 * Tulang Bawang --

North Africa

 * Banu Sulaym --
 * Hungarian Banu Sulaym (Hungarian Vassal) -- [[Image:1.png|23px]]Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Gasfa --
 * Sultanate of Tunisia --
 * Kingdom of Morocco -- (Vassal of Castile And Member of the Spanish Confederation)
 * Zab --
 * Zayyanid --
 * Alexandria - g greg e   (talk)  01:07, April 4, 2014 (UTC)
 * Aiguptia (Dynastic Union with Alexandria, Vassal) g greg e   (talk)  19:37, April 6, 2014 (UTC)

West Africa

 * Borgu --
 * Ghana --
 * Ife --
 * Igala --
 * Jenne --
 * Kanem Empire --
 * Kwararafa --
 * Mema --
 * Mossi --
 * Nupe --
 * Oyo Empire -- Flag of the Hurian Federation.pngorius: "I don't need a slogan"
 * Salum --
 * Siine --
 * Songhay --
 * Takur --
 * Tuareg --
 * Wolof --
 * Zafunu --
 * Kingdom of the Kongo --

South Africa

 * Great Zimbabwe -- <font color="#000000">VonGlusenburg (talk to Von!) 16:32, April 6, 2014 (UTC)

East Africa

 * al-Sumal  --
 * Ethiopia (Personal Union with Alexandria) -- g greg e   (talk)
 * Iritriya --
 * Interlacustrine States (fragmented) --
 * Madagasikara League -- Reximus55
 * Empire of Madagasikara -- Reximus55
 * Sofala (Vassal) -- Reximus55
 * Toamisina (Vassal) -- Reximus55
 * Dina Morgabin (Colony) -- Reximus55
 * Dina Arobi (Colony) -- Reximus55
 * Pembara (Colony) -- Reximus55
 * Betsileo (Dynastic Union) -- Reximus55
 * Swahili City-States **
 * al-Swahili --
 * Dar es Salaam --
 * Kilwa --
 * Malindi (Swahili Vassal) --
 * Maputo --
 * Mozambique --
 * Mtwara --

Southern Africa

 * |on -- Saamwiil, the Humble

TBN (Australasia)

 * Marrikuwuyanga - User:RexImperio

TBN (Pacific)

 * Otago Maori --
 * Tonga
 * Tahiti
 * Samoa
 * Hawaii --

TBN (North America)

 * Cahokian Civilization -- Ishmal1103 (talk)
 * Colorado Confederation: This is UglyTurtle, Signing off.
 * Eastern Moundville Civilization (Vassal of the Cahokia) -- Ishmal1103 (talk)
 * Etowah Civilization (Vassal of the Cahokia) -- Ishmal1103 (talk)
 * Iroquois (disorganized) --
 * Lenni Leppei (disorganized) --
 * Parkin Civilization (Vassal of the Cahokia) -- Ishmal1103 (talk)
 * Western Moundville Civilization (Vassal of the Cahokia) -- Ishmal1103 (talk)
 * Alyeskan Khaganate -- Krasnoyarsk (talk) 11:26, April 13, 2014 (UTC)

TBN (Central America)

 * Atlocuapo (disorganized) --
 * Aztec Empire --
 * Guaymi -- Cheeseball007 (talk)
 * Mayans -- Spartian300 (talk)
 * Ngobe-Bugle (vassal and personal union with Guaymi) -- Cheeseball007 (talk)
 * Itzapam (Somewhat centralized) -- TQDA"Ducksassin!" 12:57, April 16, 2014 (UTC)
 * Zapotecs -- CourageousLife (talk)

TBN (South America)

 * Aymaras (Fragmented) --
 * Chiribaya -- User:Jd2842
 * Tawatinsuyu (Inca Empire)  (I will make a new page when I am a little less lazy.) -- What is this????Is this a signature??? (talk)
 * Mapuche -- IhaveSonar (talk) 19:26, March 24, 2014 (UTC)

Wall of Shame
This list is for users currently prohibited from participating in the game.
 * User: Arceus The God of Pokemon :- permanent ban for sockpuppetting on the first game.
 * User: Eldwolf : permanent ban for deleting the entire page of the first game and replacing it with profanities.
 * User: Twisty123456789 : permanent ban for sockpuppeting on the second game.
 * User: Ratc3333 : permanent ban for sockpuppeting.

1490
'''Construction begins on the All Saints' Church, commonly referred to as Schloßkirche ("Castle church") to distinguish it from the Stadtkirche ("town church") of St Mary, in the city of Wittenberg, Saxony. '''

'''A Chinese scholar and printer invents bronze-metal movable type printing in China, based on earlier prototypes created by Wang Zhen in 1298 that had utilized tin, and on separate designs made in Korea. '''

'''Coffee becomes popular in Mecca after merchants from Yemen begin to spread coffee beans throughout the Arabian Peninsula. '''

'''You don't own Jeddah. ''' g greg e  (talk)  07:15, May 2, 2014 (UTC)
 * Grand Duchy of Moscow: The nation of Muscovy begins trading along routes routing through the nation of Novgorod and its vassals, and the nation of Pskov. Money collected through trade and taxation is saved this year in the Muscovite treasury in case of an emergency. Trade routes are established between the nations of Poland, Hungary, Rumania, and the Roman Empire, and we promote friendly relations with all these nations. We become closer to Novgorod through trade, relying on Novgorod for safe land routes into our northern territory. We continue to influence the states of the Ukraine. In case of attack we expand our military, recruiting free levies from our cities to protect local regions of our nation. Pikes and crossbows become common equipment in some units after they begin to be produced locally to outfit local regiments. Bowmen continue to be an essential part of our military to provide support for melee units, with some gunpowder weaponry being used. In major cities Kremlins are upgraded and outfitted with modern equipment and dedicated garrisons to combat any threat or invasion. The largest Kremlin, located in Moscow, is especially upgraded, with new walls being added that are wider and can hold cannons. Italian architects are also invited to our courts to design certain aspects of the city. Settlement in the north is encouraged, bringing Christian and Russian traditions to the north of our territory and even into northern Siberia, a territory held by the Mongol hordes to the east. By this time much of the population of our northern territory is converted to Christianity, and the fear of Dmitri the Impaler convinces many to remain that way, preventing the spread of unwanted foreign ideals. We hope to improve relations with the Tartary for now, so that our nations can prevent fighting in the future. We continue the construction of the fortress of Dmitrigorod facing Narva. This turn is officially dedicated to economy.
 * Lithuania: This turn is officially dedicated to economy. Trade between Moscow, Prussia and other nations helps to amass wealth, which is partially used to finance infrastructural projects and military fortifications.
 * Portugal: Continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Leiname. By this time, the colony in Leiname starts to export wheat to Portugal. Meanwhile, some Portuguese explorers continue to explore the African coast. The Açores continue to be settled. Meanwhile, the new ships that been developed, called naus, and that are similar to the Castilian carracks, begin to be used. Naval explorations directed to the west begin, after news that new lands may have been found there. Meanwhile, Urraca attempts to arrange a royal marriage for her eldest son, Afonso.
 * Austrian Diplomacy: Maximilian I proposes that Afonso be wed to one of his relatives (I'm not sure who since you didn't state an age, and I had a hard time reading your family tree, but feel free to look here for some possible people).
 * Castile: The Castilian economy has massively swelled with thanks to the creation of the Spanish confederation and the addition of Aragon's trade and military fleet at Castile's disposal. Castile, as leader of the Spanish confederation, begins a series of economic and military reforms on all the kingdoms in order to expand all the local economies and militaries and centralize the confederation's economies in general. Castile at this point has explored farther down Africa establishing multiple trade posts along the way and reaching a point where the sea rounds the continent. However, the failure of supplies has led to this exploration fleet having to turn back. Castile has begun the development of a series of new ships meant to replace some of the aging designs and add some new innovations. The Castilian navy begins to replace multiple ships with the new carracks as some of the largest ships in the Castile fleet. The Castilian renaissance with the addition of Aragon's renaissance techniques has exploded significantly and with permission from the monarchy embroiled with organizing the Spanish confederacy and multiple projects the Renaissance has led to a mass amount of art and technological innovation being developed. King Ferdinand unable to resist the opportunity of the new lands heard of immediately commissions three separate trading companies to cross the seas and scout out these new lands. Leaving from multiple points the fleets reach the new lands and immediately go their separate ways. One fleet, the smallest of the three composing of seven ships, sails south mapping and cataloguing go much farther south than they believed finding a huge natural harbor. This hints to these men to be the perfect place for a trade outpost as well as a city in the future. The other two fleets unable to go much farther north due to their size both make first contact with the Nations of Maya and Zapotec. The Colony of Buenos Aires expands by (2 px) up the coast and the one in South Africa named Cape Ferdinand, expands by 1 px up the coast. Castilian fleets now largely dominating the Area begin using Madagasikara as a hub as trade ships flood into the area. Castilian influence on Madagasikara expands exponentially with the influx of Castilian traders and even some troops from the navy.
 * Kingdom of Aragon:  The relatively good treatment of Aragon by Castile and the fallacy of actions of the previous king in burning various areas and completely razing Aragon's capital city have forever earned the enmity and hate of most of the Aragonian people, many of which believed they could continue their lives under Castile in a better fashion, with greater access to Castile's vast diplomatic, trade and military power. This, along with common religion and semi-related language, has led to a nearly seamless transition into the personal union. Nobles have been appointed by Prince Carlos of Castile personally who has personally overseen the majority of the war in Aragon which with his expertise, charisma and swaying abilities has led to many supporting his decisions on either side. Carlos himself is appointed the transitional governor of Aragon in order to facilitate a much smoother transition. The Kingdom's navy previously seized is returned to people sympathetic to Castilians and the military navy in particular is given to a series of respected and well known Aragonians loyal to Castile. Aragon's assimilation into Castile cultural base begins due to many nobles now speaking Spanish (Castilian) which shows a notable effect of a few people especially merchants and some developing artisans which are currently able to speak the language proficiently. Aragonians spurred on by Prince Carlos to rebuild Zaragoza continue the work needed to rebuild the city and the various burned towns surrounding the city with the city being moderately repaired. For the time being, however, the capital of Aragon proper is migrated to Valencia. With Castilian assistance various infrastructural areas are rebuilt and the military is expanded to a token force of 5000. Along with this support the Aragonian economy recovers slowly with a slow but controlled influx of Castilian economic aid helping Aragon recover. The Aragonian Navy is allowed by Castile to move toward settlements in the Canaries down into Capo Verde, and according to Castilian trade agreements docks in Oyo for trade nearly doubling their previous range. This is pushed down further pushing underneath Oyo farther down the coast using Castilian trade posts to explore. The ruling magistrate over Aragon signs a landmark trade deal with Castile which allows for Aragon's usage of Castile's large amounts of trade posts down the coast of Africa. The Aragonians now in control of the Spanish South African trading company fund the creation of the expansion of the Trade outpost into a formal colony to be settled much like Morocco and Granada were by Castile.
 * Kingdom of Cyprus: The King of Cyprus is now King Alexander of Cyprus. The King of Cyprus begins to see Castilian culture not as a dominant force but a possible blendable culture that can fit well within Cypriot society. The economy and military of the country is built up as is the infrastructure with a nice road system being built throughout the country. Cyprus gaining large funds from being a Castilian trade hub, begins building a few ships domestically, and purchases ships from Castile, or her allies shipwrights forming a respectable Cypriot navy of almost 90 ships with expected expansion to come. This expansion has been achieved specifically thanks to huge amounts of outsourcing to private shipwrights. Cyprus begins to see an exodus of the Knights Hospitaller west to Castile and her territories and King Matthias begins a larger recruitment for the military managing to raise a force of nearly 10,000. This force is largely funded through the large trade Cyprus has gathered. The troops are styled after Castile's royal army and Cyprus embarks on an intense training program in order to bring them up to standards. The Knights, with many departing, also have many older and other knights stay due to their close ties with Cyprus. They remain to run the Knights Hospitaller in Cyprus for the foreseeable future while a large number have migrated across the sea. The Kingdom of Cyprus due to the recent issues in Castile reluctantly recognizes Carlos and his Regency for Prince Ferdinand. Cyprus itself with its fleet of nearly 100 ships begins to take after the Venetian example with trade and begins to put Cypriot merchant ships into state possession for trade in order to help with the kingdom's finances and heavy trade. This show immediate results as a relative increase in funding and attention to trade between Castile and her allies begins to improve the quality of trade. The Assassins Guild sets up in Cyprus looking to prevent issues in the kingdom with corruption and serving as their base into Muslim countries.
 * Kingdom of Morocco: The Kingdom establishes its capital in Casablanca and with this, begins a major point of establishing a major military presence in the area. The infrastructure, particularly in dealing with transport and water, is expanded to accommodate more people but the only people allowed to settle are Christians - particularly from Hispania. A notable number of Castilians settle the area. The leader of Morocco styled a king, out of respect deducts himself in rank to Prince of Morocco as the throne is only to be held by the King of Castile himself if it's ever required. The country begins the construction of various canals and cultivates trees farther inland to help increase arable farmland. The Moroccan economy continue to expand with greater trade coming from Castile and the Canaries all the way down to Capo Verde increasing the relative wealth. The Kingdom with many canals having been completed has vastly expanded its farmland among other things. Morocco's total population reaches nearly 750,000 with Christianity becoming dominant in the area. Calne-Vicuna is finished and is opened as an center for Christianity in North Africa with a library said to rival old Alexandria's. The Moroccan Assassins Guild forms and spreads keeping the peace and killing the corrupt as well as making Morocco much more peaceful for Castilian Rule.
 * Kongo: The Kingdom begins to work toward a trade and production economy focusing on helping provide resources for Castile's burgeoning West African trade network. The King of the Kongo converting to Christianity and being baptised begins to call for the expansion of ports to the best of the Kongolese architects' abilities. With the King also adopts the name John, in favor of the king who began these exploratory operations down the coast of Africa. The King also organized a band of Christian soldiers who help keep the peace who also begin to help with conversions to Christianity as a series of missionaries and high level priests from the Western Church have come on a ship hearing of many pagans and heretics to convert. The King makes multiple successful campaigns against various of the petty kings in Kongo killing two of them and leaving the third on the run. The Christianization of multiple areas is completed and multiple others are begun. The Kingdom of the Kongo in an attempt to increase economic output and trade begins to export a moderate amount of raw materials to Castile and begins to push toward heavy exploitation methods if possible. The Kongo expands by 1000 sq km north
 * |onte continues to have a large surplus of grain. Though adopting "western farming", the idea of "the tribe" is still very much so alive, as people always share the crops they have grown, or the animals they have hunted amongst the community. Mon advocates the planting of trees in small groves. Throughout the year, Mon goes elephant hunting, though it is very dangerous, as he is hunting them with arquebuses, and the whole process requires much co-ordination. However, the results are said to be spectacular, as the tribe gains new wealth in the collected ivory, and the elephant meat is considered a rarity. The season resulted in three elephants being killed. Much of the younger generation knows how to hunt, and begin to help their parents, increasing the prosperity of the tribe.
 * Zapotec: The contact with the outsiders startles the populace at first. However, after some difficulties with the language barrier, it is discerned that the white men wish to trade some small goods. Trade is central to the Zapotec, so they agree. Tlaco II expands roadways connecting cities in the alliance to help merchants and soldiers move more freely between them. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. In the coastal regions under Danibaan's influence, more boats are created. Tlaco II orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Trade with the Aztecs commences after years of stagnation under Tlaco I. Trade continues with the Aztec break-away states.
 * Mapuche: A constitution for the Mapuche nation and government is ratified; a grand council of an elder from each village and the leader of the War Band determines affairs regarding diplomacy, warfare, infrastructure, and lawmaking across the nation. Draven is appointed supreme leader of the War Band and chief ambassador. The central government operates in Xoryan, the official capital, which has a population of about 6000. Much of the population is excited; they are proud of the glory that their civilization has reached with the advents of central government and iron. Rumors of white men to the east reach the Mapuche, and Draven sends a scouting party to investigate. There are 44,528 Mapuche citizens.
 * The Kingdoms of Great Albion (Scotland and England) - member nation of the UKGA: The Navy is expanded further with the integration of the Scottish and Breton fleets. The number now stands at 440 ships total. Port Edmundburg continues to experience a growth in population. Albionic settlers continue to explore the surrounding areas. The Albionic Royal Navy begins better mapping Africa for the Crown. After decades of cultural merging, a new, Celto-Germanic culture finally begins to take firmer root. The English language has grown in official use and now royal documents, previously in Latin, are now translated into English. Troops that fought in the Pan-Hispania Wars return home and facilitate a minor baby boom. These experienced soldiers now train the army and navy commanders in advanced battle tactics. All ships passing through the channel are monitored for any signs of infection. The new dialect of English found in Eire has spread to Wales and Scotland. English nobles begin to enjoy the Celtic myths of Eire and Scotland. Port Edmundburg is declared a crown colony (OTL Sierra Leone) after decades as a profitable trade outpost. Expansion is planned next year to accommodate the growing population. A new city in the south of England begins to grow. The city's name is Gotham. The Templar Order continues to undercut the King's enemies and seeks ways to privately grow the power of the King and Albion as a whole. Albion begins spending money in mapping parts of the Atlantic, spurred on by great myths of a land far to the west (note: I am merely setting Albion up for colonizing). The Order buys up many smaller businesses and collectivizes some farms. The Order begins to expand into other areas of Europe, seeking to grow understanding as well as pushing Albionic ideals. The Order begins to (secretly) spend tonnes of pounds to influence Papal decisions as well as undermining Venetian banks to further expand the influence of Albion. The Tempalr Order, on orders from the King, begins to prepare to send a flotilla of ships west to discover new lands. The King falls gravely ill by mysterious circumstances. His son assumes command.
 * Brittany: Brittany is officially placed under Albionic influence. The military and navy are expanded.
 * Calais: Military and navy are expanded.
 * Dublin: Dublin undergoes another remodel and expansion to the ports due to the massive influx of trade from Castile and Venice as well as an increased Eire trade.
 * Scotland: Expands navy and military. Pan Albion sentiments grow, Trade increases.
 * Wales: The Templar Order assassinates a rebel leader attempting to disrupt the peace and stability brought by Albion (Secret). In the meanitme, Welsh leaders ratify several new acts designed to modernise the armed services (navy and army). Ports are expanded,
 * Caliphate of Madinah: The Caliph, Mamoon II ordered the farmers to increase the amount if wheat produced each annually in order for the Caliphate to be able to sustain itself. Surprisingly, the wheat produced was just enough mainly due to the fact that unlike the desert of Najd, the Hejaz region was fertile. Although the merchants mainly utilized small boats and canoes to trade with nearby islands, Caliph Mamoon II ordered the construction of large ships in order to trade with Alexandria, Abyssinia (AKA Ethiopia), Yemen, Oman as well as the Indians. The Caliph ordered the formation of an army to protect the Caliphate from foreign invaders and thus, various men were given training. Meanwhile, an envoy was sent to Alexandria requesting permission from the King of Alexandria if it were possible for them to sell the latest weaponry to the Kingdom in exchange for Alexandria being granted rights to the port city of Jeddah Al Wajh as well as the coffee beans. Regarding the coffee beans, rumours had already spread through the streets of Madina of the mystic beans which granted a human superpowers.

'''Sorry, changed it. I got confused between me being Madina or Makkah. As for the people that volunteered, they are unarmed because I don't have many weapons and at least 70% (aka 700) of the volunteers are civilians ''' - HeiligReich   (talk)  08:30, May 2, 2014 (UTC)
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The news of the new lands are interesting to the king, yet he dismisses them as not pointless as it would take too long for now for there to be an exploration party there and that the main concern of the king is to establish his influence over all territories under his control. and to launch the final strike at Muslim North Africa. While this, in Artois a priest whose father was Dutch married to a French peasant begins preaching to avoid the Papacy's great mistake such as the lack of recognition of the Greek Rome during the crisis that nearly destroyed it, and the fact that the schism wasn't solved until the other side chose to talk. He begins preaching about a headless church with several similarities to that of the Dutch and the Catholic. He's called Louis Ebrecht. The monarchy decides to ignore him, and to reassure its people that it stands by the side of the church. However, insisting in the sole reason of the French church (as refered to its governing group) to recognize the Pope - yet to be independent.
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up. Economy expands.
 * Albret: Military and economy are built up.
 * Nemour: Military and economy are built up.
 * Guyenne: Military and economy are built up.
 * Berry: Military and economy are built up.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up.
 * Armagnac: Military and economy are built up.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy are built up.
 * Sardinia: Military and economy are built up.
 * Basel: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aargau: Military and economy are built up. The French presence begins to be felt. However, the attempts to establish a pro-Germanic government in order to avoid eventual uprisings, internal vassalization begins as well to fully convince German leadership.
 * Foix: Military and economy are built up.
 * La marche: Military and economy are built up.
 * Limoges Military and economy are built up.
 * Nevers:  Military and economy are built up.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. The native population drops to 450,000 (from around 750,000 in the region) due mostly to the plague and the war. French nobles begin to arrive due to the relative power void. While this, the French navy begins docking in Tunis, soon renamed Carthage.
 * Alexandria: Missionaries and dignitaries remain in the Nubia region hoping to convert and influence some of the Nile cities (Turn Nineteen). Alexandria works extensively on its navy as it wishes to further explore the deepest reaches of the Great Eastern Sea (OTL Indian Ocean). OTL Goa and Karachi continue to become a massive destination for Alexandrian trades and relationships continued to be established. The state owned Great Eastern Sea Trade Company takes control of trade in Alexandrian ports along the Eastern Sea. Grigorios's engineers continue plans of a reconstructed lighthouse on the cite of the citadel. Relations are established with the nation Vijaynagar, and we  continue to establish more posts along the coast, especially at Goa. Kafta and his father's troops declare war on Ethiopia (and are to harm no civillians). Trade is cut off from Ethiopia. More to come turn-wise. The War can end if Kafta is given the throne. Conflict turn. Kyricos leads a unit in the war.
 * Aiguptia: Sends miltiary supplies and such to help Kafta and his claim. Siege equipment is sent to assist in Ethiopia. Trade increase is halted as focus in put on helping Kafta in his war. Conflict Turn
 * Caliphate of Madina Dip: The Caliph, Mamoon II informs his Alexandrian neighbours that Madina is willing to assist them by sending upto 1000 volunteers (unarmed) to be trained by the Alexandrians against Ethiopia as well as pray for their success at the Holy Mosque
 * Alexandria Dip: We thank the Caliphate for the soldiers.
 * Oman Dip: A large fleet of recently-constructed warships are sent to blockade Ethiopian harbours to cut off trade. Supplies are also sent to assist the land-based Alexandrian troops.
 * Yemen Dip: As Ethiopia is a potential threat to our country, we invade with the other countries already doing so to Ethiopia.
 * Netherlands Dip: In accordance with the treaty established with Alexandria The Netherlands supports the campaign sending troops and ships to aid in the campaign. 
 * Bengal Diplomacy: The Sultan asks to formalize trade relations with the nation of Alexandria.
 * Mughal Diplomacy: Emperor-Khan Mirza deploys 8000 Chagatai mercenaries.
 * The Kingdoms of Ayutthaya: send two large siege guns to aid the Alexandrians.
 * Aleppo Eyaletian Dip: We ask for an alliance.
 * Madagasikara announces a de jure embargo on the false Ethiopian state and sends the Tiavina with 250 men to preserve the peace in international waters, though they are secretly instructed to aid the Alexadrians.
 * Madagasikara continues to recover from its devastating Civil War through increases in trade and other economic developments. The Western Christian Diocese takes a major hit as Bishop Julio Marciano Gabriel passes away this year. The new Bishop, a Madagasikaran native who was a close follower of Gabriel dedicates himself to fully converting native populations and therefore works with local rulers. The Inquisition slows down significantly under pressure from the Bishop. The new Bidhop also places emphasis on conversions in Mtwara, Dar es Salaam, al-Swahili, and others slim nations with emerging Christian populations. Population growth continues and is measured in the census. The University at Mahajanga is completed, as is the History of Madagasikara. Malagasy culture adopts features from Swahili and Spanish influences. In Betsileo, conversions continue and the economy grows significantly with major infrastructure improvements being made to repair damage from the Civil War. Meanwhile, moraingy and other cultural features from Seahili and Spanish groups carry over. Pembara, Maputo and Sofala all continue to grow stronger in Christian faith as well as merging with Malagasy culture. All three states expand, with Maputo heading south while Sofala and Pembara both grow northward. Economic turn
 * County of Oldenburg: The military is built up. A tiny little fort is built on mainland Greenland to defend the new additions to the neu Borkum colony (Neu Borkum expands the maximum amount along the mainland Greenlandic coast). A small arquebusier regiment is created, officially merging the unofficial firearm-armed units into one organisation. The new unit practises its firearm use (which is very poor). They are encouraged not to fire until enemies are extremely close, due to the very limited range of the weapons. Each Regional Regiment of pikemen is given one small cannon. The OHG's whaling expedition again goes farther west than ever before.
 * Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: Opposition to the nationalisation of town land increases, and large mobs have developed.
 * Netherlands: As trade continues to grow at a large pace, so does the money avialible to the upper class ,in Amsterdam, The Hague, Brussels, Liege, Mons, Namur and other big cities large mansions are constructed by the merchant and aristocratic elite who have invested in the longstanding Dutch trade expeditions. Amongst these houses are some of the largest in Western Europe at the moment. The Dutch traders and explorers continue to map and travel the east Indies documenting the different islands and trying to open pu the locals to trade. As Sunda has accepted to trade ties with the Dutch open trade begins with the small nation, Dutch merchants take a special interest in Jaykarta and other parts of the island. Farther East ties with with locals are made on Sulawesi and in the Molucca islands. Relations with the Bengali and Mughal also grow as Dutch merchants exchange goods. The Dutch request that the governments of Bengal and Mughal permit a small housing area and docks for Dutch business within their lands. A similar request is made to the Thais. Orientalism continues to grow in popularity as beautiful pieces of art are made and sold at high prices some of these works find there way out of the country as merchants try and sell them in France, the HRE, Albion, and Castile. Military expansion continues as does naval With the Royal Fleet growing in importance due to the ever growing range of Dutch trade. more and more ships are commisioned and shipwrites are put to creating ships that are more agile, able to carry greater amounts of firearms and able to last longer at sea. Merchant and banker efforts to buy out venitian trade and banking shares continue. New Friesland and the Cameroon colony contine to grow With the settlement of Nassau being erected on the mainland as a permanent dwelling for the outpost on the African mainland. Requests to open trade with Yemen, Oman are made. Stories of the New World come to Amsterdam and the Hague while many including maurice are interested in these new lands the majority are content with the massive profits being made from trade with the east, so the matter is left alone for the present, though Maurice begins secretly planning an expedition west to map out these rumored lands. More and more firearms are produced and sold, largely to African tribes and to the nations of the east along with pieces of art and metal works. In Africa trade with locals continues to grow with the Dutch selling firearms and finished goods in exchange for gold, rare timber, ivory and slaves, which in turn are sent either back to Europe or to the east. Military reforms are started to bring the Dutch armed forces up to standards with the ever changing era.
 * Mughal Dip: Accepted.
 * Bengali Diplomacy: The permit is granted free of charge to encourage more friendly trade relations between the Netherlands and Bengal.
 * Ayutthaya Diplomacy: We agree, on the condition that the docks be reserved not just for the Dutch but for all Europeans. On a side note, it's either "Tai" or "Ayutthayans", the former being more correct. I ctrl-f for both, though, to find diplomacy. 
 * Ethiopia: We build up our military and navy. The navy builds more ships for trade. Many churches are still continuing to be built. We use the Nile river to trade with our allies Alexandria. Agriculture is our biggest industry in the country besides trade. We expand our nation's southern borders 15 px south. The wall and outposts around the capital city are still in the process of being built. Our nation expands our northern borders 15 px north into the disorganized territory. In Nubia, our missionaries influence the people in the Ethiopian Orthodox way. We expand our eastern border 15 px east. The reason for going east is to get to the Indian Ocean and to get coastal lands. Due to a population boom, farmers grow more food for our hungry citizens. The king contiues the build of great castle of Ethiopia. We send ambassadors to Alaxexandria to talk about being allies in an alliance.
 * Ethiopian Dip: G Greg you can't just try to claim my throne. It does not work like that. I am willing to have a trade and military alliance with you.
 * Alexandria Dip: Kafta has a claim to the throne as he is the son of Princess Catherine of Ethiopia (which happened before you joined). He is now of a rulling age and is charsimatic and has decided to exert his right to rule.
 * Ethiopian Dip: My king has a son that will rule after him. Get out of my country. I do not care that your king has a wife that is Ethiopian. You're not ruling my nation so get out. If you do not get out the citizens of Ethiopia will rebel the leader then and a civil war will break out. We will both be screwed because of this. So, do not let this happen and leave before something happens.
 * I don't think you understand how claiming the throne works, especially if I'm willing to do it by force.  g greg e  (talk)  16:38, May 2, 2014 (UTC)
 * G Greg, stay the fuck out of my country. I do not want to fight you - plus, you are being an asshole about wanting my throne. So stay out. 
 * The Nation of the Oirats: Cement and iron increase in production. Iron weapons are now majorly used. As we increase in population, we slowly target our expansion northward. We expand 50 px to the north. We continue to develop our firearms. We continue to study the printing press and make more of them. We buy more books from China. We continue making more muskets. We now have 10,000 primitive musketeers. We begin building up our military and create even tougher practices. We expand our settlement at North Baikal Lake.
 * Oirat D: We ask Chagatai, Golden Horde and Baikal Jurchens to form the Great Northern Alliance with us.
 * Bengal Sultanate: The decrease in taxes on the landed elite does its job in most areas of the Sultanate, decreasing the tax load on the peasantry and earning him their support. The tax cuts on the merchant class allow for more trade to be conducted, and a recent lax on some of the quota laws allows for more goods to be shipped from Bengal, greatly increasing trade income. Trade with the state of Ava continues, with influence being placed through trade on Ava. Cash crops continue to be grown in large amounts. With our merchants traveling to Ava, Koch, Ahom and Arakan regularly, Islam continues to grow in their nations. Most all trade roads begin to see much-needed maintenance. Due to Bengal having control over lands of multiple ethnicities and religions, literary works in the form of poems and epics continue to take influence from all three religions of the Sultanate. Urdu, also called Hindi by some, becomes more common in the Sultanate due to the mixing of Hindu and Islamic ideals. We continue to help finance the Plutocratic State of Jaunpur, Delhi Sultanate and Bahamani Sultanate by sending gifts directly to the nobles/sultans, offering loans from powerful trade bankers, and decreasing the trade taxes over all of Bengal, allowing more of our merchant goods to travel into those states. We also raise a portion of the Sultan's personal levy and then divide it out to be sent to the states leaders, so that they can do with them what they wish in order to maintain order in their nation. The construction of schools and universities several years ago has led to an increase in scholars and literacy in our nation. Due to the removal of trade barriers among a majority of states in the Indian League, their merchants and ours begin to travel with increased mobility and goods, thereby increasing the trade income and output in the agreeing nations. With the plague being considered a far less threat now than it previously was, restrictions on trade and laws on inheritance/assests are changed to pre-plague laws. Due to the return to a high volume of trade after managing to work with a far smaller volume during the plague, investments by landed elites into expansion of their plantations, mines and levies increase exponentially. The Avanese army is soundly defeat by the Bengali armies. Due to Ava's inability to comprehensively deal with easy to accomplish demands, such as raising armies to fight those that wish their traders back, and due to the success of Bengal against a nation we have attempted to create Islamic uprisings in the past, we have decided to annex Ava, and decided it is in the best interest for the near now-Islamic for an Islamic nation to rule over them rather than an unsympathetic Buddhist monarchy. The current Avanese local and regional officials are allowed to retain their positions if they renounce the former Avanese ruling dynasty. Due to a small generational gap between some landed elites and their children, many of whom are 30 years old and still not inherited any land, some of the children have decided to seek land and influence in the Plutocratic state of Jaunpur, all of them being given blessings and funding by their families.
 * '​Emirate of Andamana:' Mansoor Basil Amirmoez continues to reclaim land on the island to make room for farms, and to have timber for building both boats and houses. The Emirate expands another 500 km into the island. The ships built by the timber from the island help contribute to Bengali trade. Continues working on economy and infrastructure.
 * Rajya of Orissa: Unlike the other vassals of the Bengali Sultanate, Bhandudeva IV is kept farther away from the daily politics of controlling Orissa, relying mainly on Islamic advisors sent directly by the Bengal Sultan. The advisors quickly persuade Bhandudeva IV to allow the Muslim settlers in the northern part of the Rajya to hold land south of the previously agreed living space. Continues working on military and infrastructure. Bhandudeva IV passes away, and the advisors vote in a Hindu successor, named Kapilendra Deva.
 * Swargadeo of Kamarupa: Now vassalized by Bengal, the Swargadeo of Ahom continues to receive extensive help in creating viable farmland. They do this by continuing a process of land reclamation in the northern part of the state, which is largely marshy and thinly populated. This process of reclamation begins by using dikes, embankments and irrigation systems.
 * Scandinavian Empire: Scandinavia improves its economy as it expands its merchant fleet. The Viking Ship designs (at least those that have remained since the Age of Vikings) are given to Hungary. Scandinavia attempts to improve relations with Novgorod and Prussia.
 * Mayan Empire: Trade is increased, and the God Emperor continues to prepare for war. White men arrivce, however, saying they came from a place known as Erie. They come hoping for trade, and carry goods from Erie. The God Emperor meets with them, and sends them off, but not before blinding them, cutting off their ears, and procasting them. Trade is opened with the Zapotec, and we ask for a military alliance with them. War-games are held to test the troops, and they preform most excellent. The God Emperor is pleased, and prepares for war with other Tribes.
 * Pskov: Buys out more Roscol Bank branches from the failing Venetian state, hoping to take its place, permanantly, weaving Pskov's reach deep into the Holy Roman Empire. More money comes with new management, and Pskov once again offers to buy land and ships to help Venice. Pskov becomes more rich and the merchant navy is built up, leading to economic growth. With the Decline of venice, Pskov and its printing Industry make it a the center of the Renaissance in the East, as artists continue to experiment with new styles, giving new depth to paintings. Also, the Pskov university accomodates more and more foreign students, coming to study in the Pskovian College of Physicians, which is the most advanced in Europe, considering the whole "center of the renaissance" and discovery of Arabic medicine. Pskov continues to prosper, and the Banks begin introducing the zolotnik currency into Europe, now having become more reliable than the ducat, and with the collapse of Venice, use of the Venetian ducat has completely ceased in Pskov, with most Ducats already being converted into bullion and reforged into zolotniks. Pskov continues to publish books and distribute them throughout Europe, continuing the Renaissance, having become its center after Veneto's demise. The Second Expedition on the SIlk Road once again reaches the Ming Empire, and offers the Emperor gifts, as was discovered is the custom, and offer trade from an exotic new land in the west, and, with their interpreters, ask the Ming Empire for gifts and the exchange of scholars, the exchange being already organized in Pskov, all the Pskovians need is volunteers, and the exchange will happen. Pskovians are also overwhelmed by the size of treasure ships, and ask for the secrets to make such behemoths (although they know it is probably futile). Meanwhile, work on the mew three-masted koch are worked on with Novgorod. The Pskov treasury bank officialy adopts the practice of using + and - to denote surplus and debt, and develop a system for mathematics for dealing with negative numbers, numbers lower than zero, to represent debt. while it may have seemed absurd, Mathematicians in the Pskovian Institute develop a system of using these numbers as "conceptual in theory, practical in debt" and develop basic mathematical theory to deal with numbers lower than zero, numbers of dept, and not consider them "absurd and Impossible. (i.e. positive add negative = subtraction; negative subtract negative (get less debt) = addition to balance (subtraction of base number), multiplication of negative by positive = negative, same with division (halving and doubling debt will give you debt). In fact, the thinking of numbers lower than zero as debt (balance of 0-x) helped them and the Pskovian Mathematician, Genadiy  Feodorovich Bugayev, publishes a book with the university(with nearly all his collegues as co-authors), with a Latin translation also printed, entitled Начало современной математики, or Principio recentiorum mathematicorum in the Latin(English: Begining of Modern Mathematics), subtitled, Долг, и новый способ представить абсурдные номера , Debitum et de novo modo numeris absurdum In Latin (English: Debt, and a new way of conceptualizing absurd Numbers). The Book starts being circulated throughout Europe, hoping to gain Pskov Unviersity more prestige throughout Europe. The Latin translation of the book is the first instance of refering to numbers below the value of zero, nothingness, as numerus negativus - Negative numbers, отрицательное числа. 
 * Um --- you do realize that the Netherlands has been in the renaissance a lot longer and also boasts one of the more advanced universities in Europe - three actually - as do Castile, the Roman Empire and England. You wouldn't be the centre of the renaissance but one of the many. With Blood and Iron (talk) 14:58, May 2, 2014 (UTC) Not to mention that the Netherlands boasts one of the larger cosmopolitan centres at the moment. With Blood and Iron (talk) 14:59, May 2, 2014 (UTC)
 * Nethrelands was not in Renaissance longer than Pskov. Pskov was esentially the first nation to renaissance, starting in the early 1400s when Arabic literature wwas starting to gain traction, accelerated by the invention of printing press in 1438 ... So ... anyway, apart from that minor correction. Also, I don't know what you're saying about my university, so I won't comment, but my College of Physicians and the Academy of Natural Studies and Philosophy (subdivisions of the university) are some of the most advanced in Europe. They were one of the first of their kinds founded, and other began dissection of humans and anatomic knowledge, and rediscovered scientific findings of the ancients thanks to Arabia, and learned of Optics, developed an early version of the scientific method, and rediscovered Heliocentrism and distributed it to Europe, Anyway, it is the center of the renaissance in the east, and one of the centers in Europe, so I agree with that ... -Lx (leave me a message)Azarath Flag.png
 * Mughal Empire: The Emperor's wife gives birth to another female child and Mirza begins to lose hope that he will ever have an heir. In case of such situation, preparations are made for Mirza's closest relative to ascend the throne, if he is of age to do so. The economy prospers as trade ties strengthen with both the Netherlands and Alexandria. Although the Netherlander trade seems to be a better option, Mirza decides to let the Alexandrians have an advantage in trade with the Mughals. Mirza decides to aid his trade partner Alexandria in hope to further strengthen their ties. The defects of the transporting power of the Mughals are seen, so the navy is expanded.
 * Hamburg-Mecklenburg: preperation for an exploration west continues, with offers for a joint expedition sent to the Netherlands, Albion, Oldenburg, and Hesse. The Navy continues expanding with the inclusion of modern ship designs. Hamburg trade power in the Baltic continues to grow. Exploration of the Indian sub-continent continues, with more ships sent through the Philiadelphi Canal this year.
 * Magdeburg: Military and economy expanded.
 * Prussia: The Prussians begin to develop their military. The Prussians continue to build their new navy.
 * Courland: The Curonians also continue developing their military.
 * Ossel-Wiek: Ossel-Wiek also continues developing their military. Duke Franz continues to reshape the face of Arenburg.
 * Manchu Empire: Continues to expand into the wild Jurchens. Although they hold less he claims all to be part of his empire. The military continues to be built up. The capital continues to grow in size and population. Lengshi's Palace, which combines Manchu and Japanese architecture, is complete, and many call it the "Dragon Palace". Nomadic lifestyle continues to die out. (Military turn)
 * Eire (Member Nation of the UKGA): Following the formation of Eire, the Norman Rebellions and years of consolidation of power by the king, the feudal system, much more recently established in Eire than the rest of Europe, finally breaks down. The dukes of the five provinces of Eire are all dead, their lands held by the king, and the old heads of clans are now country gentlemen living out their lives on the edge of the newly-established towns, the only thing of note is them holding a place in the King's Clan Assembly, styled after the English House of Lords. Nationalism is beginning to supplant feudalism. The people of Eire, who have loved the king and his policies for the advancement of the common folk begin to think of themselves as Eirics, with their own nation and church rather than O'Brians, O'Kennedys, or members of another clan. The old clan system finally breaks down, and in its place is a modern European nation with its eyes to the future. Indeed it was symbolic that in 1486, the old king, Eamon died in his sleep, a hero that matched, and even surpassed his father in places. His son, Tomas II, rises to the throne. Tomas, a bookish fellow who has his nose in tales about old Eire, and Albion has developed a sense of history that makes him into an effective ruler, that uses lessons from the past often. His first edict is to maintain the roads that brought Eire together with a civilian guard. These reforms make the roads safer for trade, and as a result, trade on the island blossoms. The middle class, having grown over the past 85 years until it has made a sizable part of the population. Fledgling merchant guilds begin to spring up, especially after the complete fall of feudalism. We add the recently acquired cannons to our military and begin to use early gunpowder weapons, as gunpowder has been used amongst the populace for a certain amount of time and it is quite easy to acquire. Levies are trained in the use of gunpowder weapons, though we outlaw the unsanctioned creation of it to prevent bombs from being created by the populace. We begin trading with the the Oldenburger colonies in the "Ice-Land", despite the actual amount of money being made from the trade being low, many wealthy Eirics buy seal fur products and enjoy them, allowing a small but thriving trade with Oldenburg to blossom, and it prompts an era of exploration and new interest in the tales of "St Brendan's Land" and "Hy-Brasil", as many ambitious upper-classmen seek to fund exploration to new lands to find new sources of the seal products and the fabled brazilwood at "Hy-Brasil" Eoghan O'Brian embarks on his first voyage into the Atlantic, and returns empty-handed. The King, being no stranger to those legends himself, begins to commission expeditions into the Atlantic, with the old hulks and cogs being made smaller and sleeker and more akin to Mediterranean long-distance vessels. As the situation in Venice is becoming unstable, we take over Ballydrogheda until they are able to resume operations in this far region. We offer Venetians passage back to Venice, yet many, who are Irish in all but heritage spread out into the countryside or stay at the port city.
 * Oman: Ships in the Med hear stories of this new land in the west, and the Castilian expeditions heading there to explore the land. The Sultan asks the nation of Castile if they have room on one of their expeditions for one or two of the most gifted and influential Omani scientists who are very interested in documenting the geology and nature of the newly discovered lands. Omani warships assist the situation in Ethiopia on the side of Alexandria, and a large fleet blockades Ethiopian ports from supplies and trade, and existing supply and trade routes are intercepted and cut off. The Sultan's wife gives birth to another child, this time a baby boy, and he is announced as the heir to the Sultanate. The economy is boosted by the new trade in the Mediterranean and large imports of spices from Banda. Hungarian trade is welcomed by the Sultan and thanks the nation that they can trade and ignore their cultural and religious diferences. He hopes for a future of good relations with Hungary and other European nations.
 * Cuzco: War with the Ica-Nazca is jeopardized when the persecuted and targeted Aymaras begin to revolt. Brother A is sent back to Cuzco to defend the city and put down the rebellion, halving the remaining Cuzcan army. This proves to be of little difficulty to Cuzco as the Nazca are almost completely elminated. Qullasuyu is taken mostly by rebels. Population hits 270,000.
 * Qullasuyu: The army secures a few regions.
 * In Ayutthaya, prosperity reigns. The practice of making nobles send their children to the city of Ayutthaya works so well that it becomes mandatory for every single one of the nobles throughout the kingdoms. This ensures three things; first, that the nobles cannot rebel; secondly, that the children who will succeed their parents gain valuable connections and experience; and third, that the capital becomes a center for learning throughout the region. Having helped them stabilize their state over the previous six years, we sign four treaties with the Aru, making them vassals of the Kingdoms of Ayutthaya. Malay military units in the armies of Ayutthaya continue to mop up the survivors of what has widely become known as the Peasant's Revolt. At the same time, the troops also help to rebuild towns, farms, and infrastructure damaged by the fighting. A new ship is developed by the Ayutthaya navy, one capable of sailing for thousands of miles, approximately 200 feet from bow to stern, and these are built extensively in the navy, with four being created in this year alone, with a tonnage of about 15,000 tons (these are less than half that of Zheng He's, mmkay?). A mathematician in Ayutthaya by the name of Intha Raja develops summation notation. We send two large siege guns to aid the Alexandrians as per the Compact of Philidelphi. In addition, 500 regulars are sent to protect the guns, though they are ordered not to fight unless the guns themselves are threatened. We continue to trade exteneively with the region, especially Bengal, Japan, and China. Meanwhile, seeing the Dutch traders, a naval expedition led by one of our new treasure ships rounds the Cape of Good Hope  and makes contact with the Kingdom of the Kongo. The Spire of Indaraja continues to be built, with it almost being completed, a mere ten years expected left for it. The King has another child, a girl, but she unfortunately dies, and her mother expires a few days later, the favorite of the King's wives, causing him to go into grieving. The armies of Ayutthaya continue to train. Meanwhile, the T̄hnn k̄hxng phracêā, or "Road of God", is constructed across our vassals in Malaysia, a giant trade road that starts in Malacca and ends in the southernmost corner of the Majapahit. Another road, the T̄hnn thxng, or "Road of Gold", is constructed across Mainland Ayutthaya. The three religions of Ayutthaya continue to peacefully co-exist, with another interfaith conference held at Malacca, again preaching peace, and prosperity between the races. However, in Sukhothai, a Hindu extremist priest appears, disdaining the conference, instead holding a rival one in Northern Ayutthaya, of only Buddhists and Hindus, protesting the tolerance of Muslims in the Kingdoms. The conference is mostly ignored, and the King's Guard breaks it up after the fourth day, but the sentiment is caught hold of in the North, with almost 5% of the population agreeing with these who call themselves the Purists. All vassals - Aru, the Majapahit, Siak, and Aceh - develop their economies.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire continues to expand its trade thoughout the Indian states and the rest of the Western world. The discovery of the New World has ignited considerable debate within educated circles as to the exact shape of the world. The military continues to experiment with the military designs of Carlo de Patra, especially the firing mechanisms and the siphons. Regarding the situation in Ethiopia, the government does not take an official stance outside of neutrality, although many nobles are supportive of Egypt's claims and offer supplies outside the Imperial government's authority. In order to maintain the trade with the canal as well as obtain more trading bases, the military occupies Sidon and Tyre in July. Before the year is out, the military also occupies Beirut and Tripoli. Elsa and Thomas have their first children, a pair of twins. Research into the Venetian Carro designs continue.
 * Albania: The national military continues to be built up. Matchlock weapons continue to be used by the army.
 * Aleppo Eyaletian Dip: We ask for an Alliance.
 * Fusahito Theocracy: Construction of the Imperial Mausoleum is completed outside Kyoto. Clad in white marble, the building is a fitting resting place for the wife of the first Fusahito Emperor. Construction of the city of Sendai continues, although it is projected to be completed in five years. The Emperor returns to court life from mourning, re-taking his place at the head of the Imperial Shinto Sect. As a response to Chinese expansionism in to Japan, the army is expanded as a purely protective measure.
 * Toki State: The Toki State expands its military, introducing new equipment and engaging in manouvers.
 * Oyo Empire: Oyo continues its expansion of the navy, increasing its fleet size to greater proportions as the growth of the nation's foreign trade networks bring back new wealth. Especially profitable is the spice trade in East Asia, which brings to Oyo tens of thousands of silver nkan into the treasury of the empire. A census by the government shows that Oyo has a total population of 9,214,033, effectively recovering its pre-plague population, resulting in a huge economic boom thanks to the increase in the work force of the empire. A trade pact is signed with the Sultan of Zanzibar by the Oyo East Indian Company, establishing a series of bases allowing Oyo fleets to acquire goods needed for the crew before setting off to the next destination. With the bases in Zanzibar, India, and Malaysia set up by the company, Oyo fleets can move back and forth with a steady supply of food and fresh water from each stop. The next trade pact planned by the company is to be in China, as the company's owners have heard many good things about the products produced in that country, and have also heard that the Europeans are willing to pay through the nose to get them. A trade delegation is setup in preparation to acquire a port treaty with the Chinese, allowing the Oyo to get their foot into the Chinese market. The military, economy and infrastructure are expanded by Oyo, and several dozen of cannon are produced by the nation.
 * Aleppo Eyalet: Kader Rashid becomes king of the nation at age 20. We build up our military and navy. Damascus is our capital city. We ask the Romen Empire, Alexandria, and Georgia if we can have an alliance with them. We expand 15 px south and west. Our agriculture industry increases due to a huge boom in our population. The king tries to westernise our country to be like the European counties. In this process of westerization we try to change our religion from Islam to Aleppo Eyaletian Orthodox. We make maps of our country and map trade routes within our country to make trading inside our country easier.
 * Umm --- WOW! There is so much wrong with that post I think Michael Bay should direct it. MODS! (Also, didn't Scar already have a nation? Isn't this his, like, 20th switch? What's going on?)
 * Alexendria killed me and I switched my nation. G Greg, Sky, MP, and TOBY2 said it was fine to choose a new nation. 
 * Austria: This turn in both our nation and in all our vassals is dedicated to military. We train and expand our military using new experience from recent wars, and grow our nation economically. In Morocco our position in Melilla is fortified. All fortifications around the region are rebuilt and manned by stationed guards in case of an attack. To protect Melilla the construction of a fortress outside the city is considered, although postponed for now. The port of Melilla is rebuilt to begin operation as a trade port and military outpost. Construction continues on a shipyard in the Melilla port to facilitate the construction and repair of friendly ships. Melilla is granted a permanent naval garrison in the city’s port. To respond to dangers in the area, and to support the small garrison on land who mans the fortifications. Our position in Morocco is fortified by re-inforcements, bringing Melilla operational against attacks. For now a small fleet is stationed in its harbor, while its garrison continues to hold the north and its supply lines, supporting our Christian brethren. With much of the Muslim population of Melilla left dead after the war against Morocco, the local government attempts to entice settlers by offering large quantities of land to Christian settlers. Many Europeans, particularly of German descent and/or from central Europe begin settling the area around Melilla. With finances from Augsburg-based banking establishments, the Trieste Company continues to launch expeditions to West Africa. Abrechtburg has grown to a decently sized settlement, supporting a population of farmers, traders, and a small garrison of soldiers. The town also houses a well furbished fort, armed with a small amount of cannons intended to defend the settlement and the harbor from any attack. Built out of necessity, the port at Abrechtburg is refurbished and expanded to support more trade ships, and allied countries are welcomed to trade and stay in the town. The second largest settlement in Westenland, Dominusburg, follows suit, beginning construction of a port similar to Abrechtburg ‘s. Trade posts continue to be built and exploited, now numbering several dozen along the coast of Westenland and into allied territory. Our reliance on the Wolof becomes less so, but we sign a trade agreement with their nation to continue our positive relationship. Deals are made with the Wolof for slaves and other goods. Conversion of the natives begin around the settlement. The territories purchased by the Visconti lord are consolidated into the new vassal of Ionia, which combines with our already existing territory in the Ionian Islands. Several bimereiches begin construction in Trieste, Melilla, Corfu, and other ports,  to further facilitate and protect overseas trade. Trade is increased with the Grand Duchy of Bavaria and other trade partners, bringing about new avenues of trade and commerce. We disapprove of the actions the nation of Venice has undertaken against our allies, and we secretly begin planning an attack if necessary. The formation and organization of the newly founded  kaiserliche und königliche Kriegsmarine continues, proving to be a successful investment. The postal system across Austria continues to grow.
 * Grand Duchy of Moscow: The nation of Muscovy begins trading along routes routing through the nation of Novgorod and its vassals, and the nation of Pskov. Money collected through trade and taxation is saved this year in the Muscovite treasury in case of an emergency. Trade routes are established between the nations of Poland, Hungary, Rumania, and the Roman Empire, and we promote friendly relations with all these nations. We become closer to Novgorod through trade, relying on Novgorod for safe land routes into our northern territory. Districts of our cities affected by the plaque are quarantined and we make our best efforts to prevent the spread of the disease further. We stress that despite past relations being somewhat turbulent, the nations of the Ukraine are our friends, and we hope to improve relations in the future. The easternmost independent nation enters into a trade agreement with our nation, and we in turn begin vassalizing this region. In case of attack we expand our military, recruiting free levies from our cities to protect local regions of our nation. Pikes and crossbows become common equipment in some units after they begin to be produced locally to outfit local regiments. Bowmen continue to be an essential part of our military to provide support for melee units, with some gunpowder weaponry being used. In major cities Kremlins are upgraded and outfitted with modern equipment and dedicated garrisons to combat any threat or invasion. The largest Kremlin, located in Moscow, is especially upgraded, with new walls being added that are wider and can hold cannons. Settlement in the north is encouraged, bringing Christian and Russian traditions to the north of our territory and even into northern Siberia, a territory held by the Mongol hordes to the east. By this time much of the population of our northern territory is converted to Christianity, and the fear of Dmitri the Impaler convinces many to remain that way, preventing the spread of unwanted foreign ideals. We hope to improve relations with the Tartary for now, so that our nations can prevent fighting in the future. This turn is officially dedicated to military.
 * Lithuania: This turn is officially dedicated to military. Trade between Moscow, Prussia and other nations helps to amass wealth, which is partially used to finance infrastructural projects and military fortifications.
 * Rumania: Mircea II, now 33, continues to work on improving the economy; Iron, salt and coal mines dot the landscape. Coal begins to become a major resource produced. These mines provide the resources required by the foundries and traders on the coast. The Danube becomes a highway of commerce, hundreds of barges travel up and down its length transporting people, materials, goods, and ideas. The printing press continues to spread across Rumania. As much as 8% of the nation has reached basic literacy, and the Moralists promote education of commoners by priests, in order to give everyone the opportunity to read the bible. The Eastern Mediterranean trade Company grows as Hungary joins. Many Trade posts are built
 * The Consulate of Bulgaria: The economy continues to grow. The printing press spreads south into Bulgaria just as in Rumania. Ties with Rumania are strengthened; hundreds of Romanians move into the country and inter-marriage becomes very common.
 * The Hungarian King Sigismund now finds his nation back into complete stability as the last effects of the plague disappear from the nation and things return to normality. With the new nobility loyal to the crown as well as excellent administrators - the farmlands begin to be farmed in a much better fashion and the growth of the population once more begins to gather speed. Another child is born to Crown Prince Sigismund and his consort Margaeri in April. She gives birth to a healthy baby boy, who is soon named Sigismund to continue the tradition. For the first time in living memory there are three generations of Kings living at one time. Nikola Garai learns much information from his tour of his lands. His peasants are happy for the most part but many believe there could be problems emerging if there isn't better administration of lands. He soons takes a wife to continue the Garai family line, from the vassal of Bosnia. Ladislaus, after travelling all around the realm collecting stories from native regions and collecting them by writing down each folktale in massive books, returns from his travels having spent seven or so years exploring and writing down the tales. A large percentage of Croatians have now migrated from Croatia and have taken up residence in Dalmatia and Split, helping to boost the fledging population and provide for more manpower to work the farms. Dalmatian villages are now once more coming back to life as they bristle with people who work the farms and grow crops. Serbia now begins to return to its pre-plague population as hundreds of thousands of Hungarians continue to arrive, in what is being called by many "The Great Trek". Not only has this lead to the repopulation of the region, it has allowed for the region to become predominantly Hungarian, although most of the southern lands still hold a Serbian majority. Various centres of trade once more begin to bustle with trade as the repopulated lands begin to grow and earn money. With the mixing of the Dalmatian and Serbian cultures, various new folktales are born as different stories are mixed to create new ones. Stored grain are used when they are needed, and prove to be a winning system. In the times of war, the stored grain help peasants feed themselves and keeps discontent down. More large ships, such as carroks, are constructed in the dockyards in Croatia and Hungary itself. The good pay found for dockyard workers helps to increase competition for the job and allow for the use of skilled workers to build the ships all along the coast of Hungary, Croatia, Dalmatia and Split. All ships fly the Hungarian flag with pride as they continue to sail. The ships assigned to protect the Hungarian coast now begins to be re-organised, with some of the oldest ships now being assigned to protect the coast as the need for the newer ships is somewhere else. With the need for much stronger ships, the old ships continue to be either retrofitted or completely torn apart to build new and much more stronger ships. The ship designers finally receive the designs from Scandinavia, which they quickly use to design a completely new class of ships. Using knowledge on how to build carroks and Viking ships, larger ships based on the Viking designs begin to be constructed which can sail for long periods of time as well as act as a very good troop transport. 20 of these ships begin to be built and will be completed by next year. There is still much focus on smaller ships and these ships are made into powerful frigates (not frigates the class of ships) capable of dealing heavy damage to much larger ships. Muskets begin to be produced in large numbers in gunsmiths and many soldiers begin to receive training on how to use these in combat. Over 5000 men have been trained and for them these muskets have been allocated to be used. These Muskets now begin to be improved and work on versions not requiring the stand at all begins to take place. Cannons also begin to be built as gunsmiths fully understand the basic principles of the weapons. Ships, mainly the carracks, begin to be armed with heavier and heavier cannons which will help them fight ships much more successfully. These ships soon become the pride of the fleet and the crews begin heavy training before they are allowed on these ships. Seeing the growing iron and steel demands, trading for those resources is increased in exchange for grain. With growing numbers of ships arriving from docks, the fleet off the coast strengthens and the naval division begins to expand its range of operations quickly in case there is a threat from the sea. Merchant ships use Byzantine and Venetian ports to trade and earn money in, while sailing to Scandinavian, Albionian and Dutch ports too, helping expand the influence of Hungarian merchants. The ports on the Altantic islands continue to see rapid increases in trading and profits due to the word being spread. Trading with Zeta continues in earnest. The checkpoint castles are a great help in housing troops which are patrolling routes of both nations as well as wealthy and influential merchants and nobles travelling between the nations. Poland sees greater economic growth as their economy is stable and able to grow rapidly on its own. Poland continues to grow even stronger economically as more and more money is invested in trading stalls and merchentile systems as well as the construction for roads and such. The Polish workforce begins to build irrigation networks as well as begin to be told on how to farm using better practices. The Polish army continues to grow in strength, actively training with Hungarian soldiers to better their fighting skills while getting supplied by Hungarian blacksmiths. Both nations now see a large amount of trade conducted within each other's borders and this makes the merchants learn of each other's languages. Many become fluent in Polish while other fluent in Hungarian. In the border regions, a mixture of the languages begin to develop as it becomes more convenient for speakers and tradesmen. However, due to the large number of merchants from Hungary - who's economy is booming, Hungarian begins to be spoken in many parts of Poland as it becomes the preferred trading language. Hungarians continue migrating into Poland helping to bolster its population numbers significantly. The plague has lead to a rise in wages overall and peasants begin to earn much more money than ever before as a result of the plague, with nobles having lost a large amount of influence over the peasants. The King now has much more control over his nation as a result and to try to keep some power, the Council of Esteemed Nobles becomes more official as nobles and lords meet up to discuss matters of state and such. The King realises this Council would be very useful in telling him of the situation across his nation. Thus, he begins to follow in the footsteps of his grandfather and begins to attend this Council - heaing of the situation around the realm and helping him keep control over his realm effectively. The population of Hungary begins to grow rapidly once more, although hundreds of thousands have left the nation in search of higher pay and tens of thousands more continue to do so. Large irrigation channels have been created by workers, helping to expand the regions of farmland under the control of the crown. Most, if not all, soldiers now identify themselves as Hungarian in Banu Sulaym as Hungarian becomes the common spoken language. This helps them maintain control much more easily. Sigismund realises if he strikes now, he could perhaps win back control all over his former vassal. Therefore he prepares his forces to sail against the generals of Banu Sulaym and put control of the region back in hands of Hungary. The printing press industry begins to kick off as bibles begin to be printed using the printing presses. Pskovian Printed Goods are still banned in Hungary, Croatia, Poland and all of the vassals. With the entrance of Hungary into the EMTC, Hungary soon begins to focus on trading in its region, hoping to increase it around two, maybe threefold. It soon readies a fleet of 18 ships, or in other words half of its Black Sea fleet and decides to finally sail all around the Black Sea and make contact with the so-called Tartary themself. The fleet to the east finally reaches India, and makes contact with the Mughal Empire. The commander of the fleet asks to meet the Emperor in his court to perhaps sign deals with the nation on behalf of Hungary. Ships also head south and manage to contact the rumoured Sanafah. Here too, merchants on behalf of Hungary ask for trading deals with the nation. Meanwhile, Sigismund is requested by Alexandria to assist in its claim to the throne of Ethiopia - a land thought to be baked under the sun. Thus, the King order 10,000 Serbian men to be sent to fight and the nobles are told to send these men or their heads will roll. Thus these men are sent and thus Hungary transports these men to help out Alexandria as per its pact. Meanwhile, he readies a force of 40,000 men himself and sets sail to declare war on Banu Sulaym and once more regain control over the lands. They will be helped by the seige equipment present within the enclave as well as the soldiers manning it.
 * The Kingdom of Croatia sees a diversification in its economic growth as it now uses some of its farmlands to earn money from. The dockyards cut the wood and build the large fighting vessels for the Crown, as requested by the king himself. The large dockyards and ports continue to build carroks at a good rate, although the loss of workers has meant many have to be hired at higher prices. Yet the higher prices also brings with it much better quality and this makes up for the loss in quantity. The Hungarian Carroks are fitted with some of the best cannons in the world and help to make these ships a threat. A tariff for merchants trading is also in place but it is put at favourable levels with none for the Venetians due to the alliance between the states and the amount of trading between them. Venetian traders are a common sight in Croatian ports, helping to bring in much revenue. The soldiers are trained in Croatia to protects its remaining ports. The new shipyards are soon completed and these begin to be the site of the construction of the new Hungarian hybrids which will hopefully sail through the oceans smoothly. It also sends support to help Hungary against Banu Sulaym.
 * In Garay, all roads have now been fixed and thus this allows for the trading speeds to increase expodentially. With the plague finally over within Garay lands, the Garai Family can finally begin to reaffairm order over all their territories. Using his power, Lord Garai encourages the growth of small towns and villages and hopes to keep encouraging them to grow crops and increase trading. Many men are also trained in military combat to make them more effective foot-soldiers. The Garai Family see a greater gain in influence in various lands such as Croatia, Split, Zalchumia, Bosnia and Dalmatia.
 * In Split, the nobles begin to work on creating standing armies to manage and controlling their lands. Castles continue being built in the vassal while many old ones are completely torn apart and their land allocated for peasants. The soldiers of the nobles who were executed are distributed between the present nobles and they quickly begin to adapt - training with their new fighting partners. The nation trains its knights hard and trains commoners too. Many new dockyards and ports commissioned by the crown are completed with a lot of money spent on the construction. These soon begin to produce ships.
 * Bosnia also sees a lot of economic and military growth. Croats move into Bosnia - once more becoming a majority in the vassal and thus allowing for more and more pro-Croat feelings within its peoples. The incoming Croats also help to increase population and repopulation abandoned towns.
 * In Serbia, a significant number of people from Hungary and Croatia - but mainly Hungary - arrive to repopulate the lands. Many reconstructed towns and villages once more bustle with activity and farmlands again begin to be farmed for crops to grow and sell. The workforce here begins to receive some of the highest pay within the realm and as a results tens of thousands of more Hungarians begin to arrive. Local militias are also trained while many roads repaired and the economy grows. In Serbia, Hungarians make up around 35% of the population - numbering around 200k, while Serbians themselves number around 400k. The rest is made up of Dalmatians and those who have married the settlers. Due to the famine, around a fifth of the noble families see an inability to marry their daughters - who are the last remaining heirs to their lands and titles and thus they look to Hungary for nobles. Thus, Sigismund sends many Hungarian noblemen to court the women and make them their wives. They go south to do so.
 * Banu Sulaym finally sees stability as its borders are manned and any signs of the plague disappear. The seige equipment helps to defend the enclave from any exterior attacks by barbaric generals. Missionaries also begin to spread throughout the enclave and although most of the population is Christian, they still preach. Many churches begin to be constructed to show the devotion of the vassal to God. Missionaries also begin to head out into Tunisia to try to convert people while many sneak out through gaps in the fortifications against the enclave by the Mashriq generals to try to spread Christianity and create resentment against the generals. There does seem to be some effect as word arrives there are more Christian converts. With the arrival of Sigismund, his army is soon bolstered by the garrison of 10,000 men and they set out to win against the vassal.
 * In all the other vassals the military strengthens and the economy grows while infrastructure is worked on to improve it. In the Kingdom of Poland, Margaeri's noble family begin to gain power over other families as the Crown Prince grants his wife's family more and more favours and help. Margaeri's grandmother and the head of their noble family, Lady Ilona, privately tells her "I was very good, but you are better - remarkably so!" They too send men to help Sigismund, their King.

China: Continues integrating the annexed lands of Inner Mongolia and the process of taming the horse lords of the north. To the south, relations with the Tran Dynasty in Vietnam are improved while Lao Xing and the Khmer Empire expand their economies by exporting silk and dried tea into South East Asia. China continues aggressively asserting pressure on the remaining Taiwanese states to join Tainan in a unifed nation. Tainan expands through the mountains of Taiwan filling out the remaining unoccupied areas. Xitun capitulates to Tainanese and Chinese pressure as the immense treasure fleet sails into its territorial waters in a threatening manner and it is annexed into Tainan. The pressure amps up on Hualian. The Haixi Jurchens and Mongol Khanate work with Korea to develop their economies and trade network which is based on exporting horses and minerals to China and Southern Asia. The Chinese lands in Japan work on integration and stability whilst China itself develops its shipyards with naval engineers planning to build ships that are smaller and more maneuverable. The court eunuchs of China continue to iron out their plans.
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Landshut expands its military. The population continues to rise. Grand Duchess Eleanor and her council continue to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with twenty-five very large cogs being finished, and by 1490 a trade route is put in place. Such important places in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany, due to a longstanding trade deal. Continuing in 1490, Eleanor commissions six cogs to sail around western Mediterranean coasts. The market center in Landshut continues to attract Bavarian and Venetian traders. In religious news, around 76% of the country adheres to the Western Church. Most adherents live around Munchen and Landshut. In other news, Bavaria continues implementing the Alliance and Merchant Act as well as the Militia and Navy Act. Eleanor ends her predecessor's policies of advancing Sedevanticism in the government. As the new Grand Duchess, Eleanor continues to vet and interrogate most of the powerful nobles of Bavaria. To work more efficiently, she appoints Vallerio Volpe as her spymaster. By the end of the year, Eleanor hosts a more developed middle class in Trausnitz than her numerous predecessors had. This earns her the sobriquet "The Middling Queen" to flavor the already popular "Merchant Queen" title. In other news, Eleanor continues to develop her cousin's seemingly successful administrative policies. Court physicians continue to bathe in religious ceremonies, hoping to appease God. In national news, the common courts continue to be implemented around Bavaria as several of the lower class make use of it. The serf laws begin to be used as well. While not extremely active, as many as three dozen serfs earn their freedom by the end of the year. Many freed serfs find work and home in the cities, while others continue to informally live on their lords' lands. This situation becomes a status quo and is foreseen to last the century. Many skeptics of Eleanor's reforms predict they will not affect Bavaria much until 1500. In educational news, Eleanor expresses interest of opening the Queen Isabell University to more men. These ideas continue to develop as Eleanor incorporates the Collegiate Writs, allowing many more lower class men to enter college, after an exchange of 100 ducats and an agreement to lodge within the college. In royal news, Eleanor sends news to France, Castile and England requesting a marriage for her twenty-six year old son and heir, Franz-Albert.
 * Munchen: By 1490, the total class of Queen Isabell University amounts to about 3100 men. Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Wurzburg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. The clergy of Wurzburg find small solace as the Grand Duchess is the somewhat temperate, analytic Eleanor.
 * NOTE: I'm pretty sure my eariler 1490 post was erased somehow, so I'm rewriting it and putting it in.
 * Milan: Work continues on the Certosa di Pavia, the Castle Visconteo, and on the extensive Milan Cathedral. We continue training a proper standing army, utilizing Swiss mercenaries and local recruits. With border disputes now settled between the nations of Austria and Switzerland, we continue opening friendly relations with both nations in hopes of repairing our diplomatic relations and protecting our northern border. We continue constructing cogs and galleys to strengthen our navy and protect our interests on the seas. Our turn is dedicated to economy in both our nation and our vassals. Many begin to call for a possible counter attack into Venice to end their clashes with Milan once and for all, and possible plans are created. We ask for a trade agreement and alliance with the nation of the Netherlands. Trade increases with the nation of Alexandria and with nations in Africa through the canal. We send a company of ships and some supplies to aid against the nation of Ethiopia. An expedition is also sent east, which makes contact with the Mughal Empire. We ask for a trade agreement with the Mughal Empire to begin trading personally in the Indian subcontinent.
 * Novgorod: We continue the production of Koch boats, cannons, hand cannons, advanced crossbows, swords, and composite bows, increasing our military capabilities in case of war. The nation’s training and advancement of military continues. The recent classes of Koch ships are being manufactured in Novgorod. The town of St Patriksburg’s population grows a bit more that last year. As the construction of the town improves, the Kremlin finishes, trade becoming more in demand, the town gains slightly. Because of the trade road built with Tver our economy increases. After seeing a great success with the private schools in the cities of Novgorod, St Patriksburg, Staraya Russa, and Nizhny Novgorod. We start building another private school in Rostov and Yaroslavl. We complete building private schools in Torzhok and a private school in Staraya Ladoga. We dedicate this turn to economy. We continue to establish ties with our allies Muscovy and Pskov. We offer to help Pskov develop this new type of koch, and engineers in Novgorod begin producing a model of their own. The new ship, constructed almost exclusively for sea-based travel will be thirty meters in length. The new ship will have three masts, and becomes known as a trikoch. We also begin producing shitiks that are fifteen to twenty meters in length for the purpose of transporting cargo.
 * Tver: We complete the construction of the private school in Tver and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Yaroslavl, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Yaroslavl: We complete the construction of the private school in Yaroslavl and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Rostov: We completed the construction of the private school in Rostov and start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Yaroslavl, Muscovy. We dedicate this turn to economy.

1491
'''A comet is sighted passing through the night sky. Dubbed the "Comet of 1491", it actually comes 873,784 miles (1,406,219 km) away from earth, the closest ever recorded in history. '''

After years of conversion in the Kongo region, the current ruler of the Kingdom of the Kongo is officially baptized and adopts the baptismal name of Juan I. 

'''Prompted by high taxes in moderately Catholic areas of the Netherlands, peasants in Liege and other communities in the south of the nation hold a riot. Called the Bread and Cheese Revolt, the protestors adopt these symbols on their banners and kill several tax collectors.'''

A fire breaks out in Dresden, Saxony which destroys several parts of the city.

Copper and silver ores are discovered in the northeast section of Novgorod, raising the importance of that area as a potential center of mining in Russia.
 * Portugal: Continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Leiname. By this time, the colony in Leiname starts to export wheat to Portugal. Meanwhile, some Portuguese explorers continue to explore the African coast. The Açores continue to be settled. Meanwhile, the new ships that been developed, called naus, and that are similar to the Castilian carracks, begin to be used. Naval explorations directed to the west begin, after news that new lands may have been found there. Meanwhile, Urraca continues attempting to arrange a royal marriage for her eldest son, Afonso.
 * Maybe I wasn't clear enough. Any European player nations are up to the offer in bold?
 * ​Austrian Diplomacy: The nation of Austria reminds Portugal that they accepted the offer last year, but Portugal has yet to reply.
 * King Sigismund of Hungary enquires the age of Afonso, hoping to see if a royal marriage between the two nations could be conducted.
 * Netherlands: Maurice and the States-General look into the provocations of the riot in Liege and other areas with Catholic populations, discovering the prejudice of certain officials toward the Catholic minority and their efforts to tax them a bit more. The government reprimends these officials and strips them of their posts, in an effort to connect with his Catholic subjects who are just as much a part of the Netherland's national identity which is slowly starting to form. Maurice grants the Catholics three seats in the States-General one of seven granted to the Bishop of Liege while he once more reafirms the removal of all state prejudice toward Catholics or Jews. Troops are deployed to areas where riots broke out and the rioters are ordered to lay down their arms so that no one gets hurt. Maurice and his wife have their fourth child - a boy named Johann van Nassau-Orleans. The formal education and training of William van Nassau begins. Naval and military expansion continue along with reforms to adjust to the changing era. More and more firearms are produced and traded along the Dutch trade routes. Along with Dutch merchants, several reformist missionaries begin taking an interest in spreading the word of the church across the world. Orientalism continue to grow. The Dutch economy continues to sky rocket as trade from west to east and vice versa brings massive profits for the economic elite, and also for the artisens and sailors who form the backbone of the Netherlands production and transportation. The arts and sciences continue to prosper due to the excess of capital. The Bank of Holland continues to buy out Venitian shares while Dutch merchants cut into Venetian trade more and more aggressively. A large monument is commissioned to be built in Brussels to celebrate these properious times and to commemorate the falling in the Netherlands Revolt now three decades old. With permission from the Bengali and Mughal a series of small living quarters are established near the docks in several coastal cities to conduct business with locals. New Friesland and Nassau continue to grow as the settlements are expanded and fortified. Maurice reaffirms his Kingdom's ties to Hungary, Castile, France, Albion, and Scandinavia, and promises to come to their aid in the case of a war of aggression against any of them.
 * Oman Dip: The trade deal is accepted, and we hope for better relations between our nations in the future.
 * Prussia: The Prussians begin to develop their military. The Prussians continue to build their new navy.
 * Courland: The Curonians also continue developing their military.
 * Ossel-Wiek: Ossel-Wiek also continues developing their military. Duke Franz continues to reshape the face of Arenburg.
 * Hamburg-Mecklenburg: As the planned launch date for Hamburg's western voyage, 1493, nears, Hamburg continues to ask the Netherlands for a joint expedition. Diplomats are continually sent to neighboring countries, especially among the North Sea Trade Alliance members of Albion and Netherlands, and ask for official alliances from them. Hamburg ships continue sailing and mapping the Indian coastline. The whaling industry based off Oldenburgs possession in Greenland continues to prove profitable. Some ships based off the island reach the southernmost point of Greenland, though turn back due to lack of supplies. The economy grows.
 * Magdeburg: Military and economy expanded.
 * Oldenburger Diplomacy: Just saying, if the Netherlands doesn't respond, Oldenburg would be interested in an expedition. We could use Dietrichdorf as a base and work west from there ...
 * Netherlands Dip: Maurice, intrigued by the option, gives the go. However, due to intervention from the States-General only a small support will be received from the Netherlands (I'm going to be exploring the New World in depth in a few years. Since it is still too early to colonize the New World for us,  I suggest Oldenburg and Hamburg. Also, hold off for about about 20 years before you start spending money on exploration. Wait until the other powers have laid their claims and then take what's left.)
 * Cuzco, Ica-Nazca and vassals: The war ends in a total Cuzcan victory. What should be a time for celebration and reconstruction is not. Brother A uses his army that is not engaging rebels to Secure the borders of Cuzco, caliming to be the proper heir to the throne. He issues his brother a warning of surrender. Brother B responds by invading his own city/kingdom with his army. By the end of the year, he cuts deep into Cuzco, taking the area fromerlly known as the Wanka along with half of Cuzco. Numerically, the two armies are about the same strength, each boasting about 2000 soliders. The Ayamra rebels in Qullasuyu number 200. Population of Cuzco hits 279,000. The Nazca have about 390,000 in total, with 180,000 within their home territory, 100,000 in Chimor, and about 70,000 in both Chancay and Sican. These territories, along with the ones captured by Brother B are incorporated into the new and improved  Tawatinsuyu, or the Inca Empire, while the ones held by Brother A (and the rebels) are incorporated into the Cuzcan empire. The city itself suffers massive infrastructure damage already.
 * Some people in Pskov decide that the comet is an omen, and the Academy of Natural Studies decides to observe it to bring about other explanations, such as comets orbiting the sun exactly like the earth, but no evidence yet to support that. Pskov continues to buy out Roscol Bank and make profit, offers Venice to buy things just like last year, merchant navy grows due to private investments, more money, Pskov decides to offer to finance anyone who is willing to go to the northwest of novgorod to prospect gold and silver in Novgorod, to have more materials for zolotniks. More to come. obvious eco-turn.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The news of the new lands are interesting to the king, yet he dismisses them as not pointless as it would take too long for now for there to be an exploration party there and that the main concern of the king is to establish his influence over all territories under his control. and to launch the final strike at Muslim North Africa. While this, in Artois a priest whose father was Dutch married to a French peasant begins preaching to avoid the Papacy's great mistake such as the lack of recognition of the Greek Rome during the crisis that nearly destroyed it, and the fact that the schism wasn't solved until the other side chose to talk. He begins preaching about a headless church with several similarities to that of the Dutch and the Catholic. He's called Louis Ebrecht. The monarchy decides to ignore him, and to reassure its people that it stands by the side of the church. However, insisting in the sole reason of the French church (as refered to its governing group) to recognize the Pope - yet to be independent.
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up. Economy expands.
 * Albret: Military and economy are built up.
 * Nemour: Military and economy are built up.
 * Guyenne: Military and economy are built up.
 * Berry: Military and economy are built up.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up.
 * Armagnac: Military and economy are built up.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy are built up.
 * Sardinia: Military and economy are built up.
 * Basel: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aargau: Military and economy are built up. The French presence begins to be felt. However, the attempts to establish a pro-Germanic government in order to avoid eventual uprisings, internal vassalization begins as well to fully convince German leadership.
 * Foix: Military and economy are built up.
 * La marche: Military and economy are built up.
 * Limoges Military and economy are built up.
 * Nevers:  Military and economy are built up.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. The native population drops to 450,000 (from around 750,000 in the region) due mostly to the plague and the war. French nobles begin to arrive due to the relative power void. While this, the French navy begins docking in Tunis, soon renamed Carthage.
 * Madagasikara continues to recover from its devastating Civil War through increases in trade and other economic developments. The new Bishop, a Madagasikaran native who was a close follower of Gabriel dedicates himself to fully converting native populations and therefore works with local rulers. The Inquisition slows down significantly under pressure from the Bishop. The new Bidhop also places emphasis on conversions in Mtwara, Dar es Salaam, al-Swahili, and other slim nations with emerging Christian populations. Population growth continues and also reflects more half-Spaniard births. The University at Mahajanga takes interest in the Comet of 1491, and a fledgling astronomy division builds on Madagasikaran knowledge of the cosmos building upon Mashriqi knowledge. Malagasy culture adopts features from Swahili and Spanish influences. In Betsileo, conversions continue and the economy grows significantly with major infrastructure improvements being made to repair damage from the Civil War. Meanwhile, moraingy and other cultural features from Seahili and Spanish groups carry over. Pembara, Maputo and Sofala all continue to grow stronger in Christian faith as well as merging with Malagasy culture. All three states expand, with Maputo heading south while Sofala and Pembara both grow northward. Militaristic turn
 * Mughal Empire: As last year Hungarian ships arrived, the Emperor finally sent out an official trade pact, concluding their unofficial deal of 1490. The Mughal Empire currently trades with three nations from Europe, which pushes the Empire to send ships directly to Europe, in order to spread trade further. Before that is done, ship blueprints are requested from the Netherlands, Alexandria and Hungary in order to speed up the development. This calls for a development of naval facilities, roads around ports and such. The infrastructure is developed.
 * As word gets to King Sigismund of Hungary about the Mughal request for blueprints, he quickly orders terms for these to be laid down. For the blueprints to be given, he would like a preferencial trading spot with the Mughals, along with 3000 men to guard Hungarian ships and interests when sailing into Mughal ports. In exchange, blueprints will be given of ships such as a small carrok.
 * After a long discussion about these terms, Emperor-Khan Mirza of the Mughal Empire offers a counter-proposal in which the Hungarian ships would be guarded by 1500 men at the begining, and depending on the situtation, the number could increase, while the preferencial trading spot would be on par with the Alexandrians, but the preference of Hungary instead of Alexandria would grow, depending on how relationships develop in the future.
 * Caliphate of Madinah: The Ashrafi had been established as Madinah's official currency. Caliph Mamoon II ordered the construction of larger warships near the coast of the Red Sea to protect the merchant ships from various pirates. An envoy had been sent to Alexandria requesting their King to grant Madinah access to the latest weaponry in exchange for the Port of Al Wajh. Coffee had become quite famous in Madina and the Caliph requested Yemen to export large quantities of coffee beans to Madinah. Meanwhile, trade with the Bedouin tribes of Nejd, Madinah and Eritea had boosted Madinah's economy. Annually, one-to-two million Muslims would come to Madinah to visit the Masjid Al-Haram which too strengthened Madinah's economy quite quickly and resulted in Madinah coming out of the depression-like state it had been together with Makkah. The Caliph by the end of the year decided to visit Alexandria
 * Mayan Empire:  Deciding to take advantage of the Aztec lack of power, The God Emperor leads his armies to the Aztec break away state of Sosonuchro, and has his Pirests sent to sacrifice those that resist The God Emperor. Weapons such as bows and arrows, swords, and spears are built for the warriors of the Maya, and trade with other tribes is established. Roads are built to connect the Empire, and travel to Yucatan is encouraged for worship of The God Emperor. With the white men arriveing, The God Emperor declares that shall meet with their leaders.
 * County of Oldenburg: The economy stabilises and improves. Investment in the banks increases, and the resutant loans result in a good agricultural output this year. On Neu Baltrum, a small volcanic eruption results in the surrounding seawater reaching temperatures of 20*C (by today's measurements). Many of the island's inhabitants take to sea-bathing while the temperatures remain. The whaling fleet again passes the southern tip of Greenland, whilst the remainder of the OHG's fleet plies Albion and the Mediterannean, selling and buying wares.
 * Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: Bishop Rudolf orders a mass crackdown on the riots which are becoming more frequent in the towns. The militia, led by the Order of the Seraphim, kills many of the rioters/protesters, and throws many more in the dungeons. Known ringleaders are hanged, drawn and quartered in public and their families exiled.
 * Zapotec: The Emperor meets with delegates of the Spanish Confederation, to formalize tentative relations between the nations. Trade continues with the white men. Tlaco II expands roadways connecting cities in the alliance to help merchants and soldiers move more freely between them. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. In the coastal regions under Danibaan's influence, more boats are created. Tlaco II orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Trade with the Aztecs commences after years of stagnation under Tlaco I. Trade continues with the Aztec break-away states. Trade also opens with the Mayans.
 * Mayan Dip: The God Emperor hears word of the meeting with these Spainish delegates, and demands that he may meet with them. He requests that the Mayans be allowed to trade with the White men as well.
 * Eire (Member Nation of the UKGA): Following the formation of Eire, the Norman Rebellions and years of consolidation of power by the king, the feudal system, much more recently established in Eire than the rest of Europe, finally breaks down. The dukes of the five provinces of Eire are all dead, their lands held by the king, and the old heads of clans are now country gentlemen living out their lives on the edge of the newly-established towns, the only thing of note is them holding a place in the King's Clan Assembly, styled after the English House of Lords. Nationalism is beginning to supplant feudalism. The people of Eire, who have loved the king and his policies for the advancement of the common folk begin to think of themselves as Eirics, with their own nation and church rather than O'Brians, O'Kennedys, or members of another clan. The old clan system finally breaks down, and in its place is a modern European nation with its eyes to the future. Indeed it was symbolic that in 1486, the old king, Eamon died in his sleep, a hero that matched, and even surpassed his father in places. His son, Tomas II, rises to the throne. Tomas, a bookish fellow who has his nose in tales about old Eire, and Albion has developed a sense of history that makes him into an effective ruler, that uses lessons from the past often. His first edict is to maintain the roads that brought Eire together with a civilian guard. These reforms make the roads safer for trade, and as a result, trade on the island blossoms. The middle class, having grown over the past 85 years until it has made a sizable part of the population. Fledgling merchant guilds begin to spring up, especially after the complete fall of feudalism. We add the recently acquired cannons to our military and begin to use early gunpowder weapons, as gunpowder has been used amongst the populace for a certain amount of time and it is quite easy to acquire. Levies are trained in the use of gunpowder weapons, though we outlaw the unsanctioned creation of it to prevent bombs from being created by the populace. We begin trading with the the Oldenburger colonies in the "Ice-Land", despite the actual amount of money being made from the trade being low, many wealthy Eirics buy seal fur products and enjoy them, allowing a small but thriving trade with Oldenburg to blossom, and it prompts an era of exploration and new interest in the tales of "St Brendan's Land" and "Hy-Brasil", as many ambitious upper-classmen seek to fund exploration to new lands to find new sources of the seal products and the fabled brazilwood at "Hy-Brasil" Eoghan O'Brian embarks on his first voyage into the Atlantic, and returns empty-handed. The King, being no stranger to those legends himself, begins to commission expeditions into the Atlantic, with the old hulks and cogs being made smaller and sleeker and more akin to Mediterranean long-distance vessels. As the situation in Venice is becoming unstable, we take over Ballydrogheda until they are able to resume operations in this far region. We offer Venetians passage back to Venice, yet many, who are Irish in all but heritage spread out into the countryside or stay at the port city. The comet scares some, with a minor riot happening in Connaucht, but Eamon II believes it is an omen from God that He has not forgotten Eire and what it has done to found the Western Church, the One True Faith.
 * Aleppo Eyalet: We build up our military and navy. Damascus is our capital city. We expand 15 px south and west. Our agriculture industry increases due to a huge boom in our population. The king tries to continue to westernise our country to be like the European countries. In this process we continue ot westernization and try to change our religion from Islam to Aleppo Eyaletian Orthodox. We make maps of our country and map trade routes within our country to make trading inside our country easier. The king marries a lady of the name of Sappheire. We start to build Dromon and Goke ships for our navy. Trade ships start to sail to the Roman Empire and Alexandria to trade with them. Port cities are being built quickly for that we can trade in better conditions ealier.
 * China: Continues integrating the annexed lands of Inner Mongolia and the process of taming the horse lords of the north. To the south, relations with the Tran Dynasty in Vietnam are improved while Lao Xing and the Khmer Empire expand their economies by exporting silk and dried tea into South East Asia. China continues aggressively asserting pressure on the remaining Taiwanese state to join Tainan in a unifed nation. The pressure amps up on Hualian with the governing chief accepting Chinese talks. China proposes that the area is placed under Tainan's administration for taxes and infrastructure while Hualian will be able to maintain health and a small private army. In addition the chief of Hualian will be allowed a small estate in China and a house in the Forbidden City located on the outskirts of Nanjing. The Haixi Jurchens and Mongol Khanate work with Korea to develop their economies and trade network which is based on exporting horses and minerals to China and Southern Asia. The Chinese lands in Japan work on integration and stability whilst China itself develops its shipyards with naval engineers planning to build ships that are smaller and more maneuverable. The court eunuchs of China continue to iron out their plans placing pieces closer and closer to their target. Japan is asked to cease aggressively building up its military. Chinese diplomats sail to Japan in order to negotiate a potential treaty with the Fusahito Theocracy. Should negotiations turn sour, other Chinese diplomats in Japan are hoping their gifts, negotiations and fearmongering will turn the other Daimyos against the theocracy should there be war.
 * The Kingdoms of Ayutthaya promise support in case things do go sour.
 * Fusahito Dip: The Emperor accepts the principal of a treaty with his brother-in-law, seeing good relations as necessary to the stability of the region. However, he expresses his concern over Chinese intentions in Japan, citing his desire to see a unified Japanese state with strong ties with China.
 * Actually the current Japanese Emperor is a first cousin of the Chinese Emperor. Which means that the Chinese Emperor at the current time is 25% Japanese and yours is 25% Chinese.
 * The Nation of the Oirats: Cement and iron increase in production. Iron weapons are now majorly used. As we increase in population, we slowly target our expansion northward. We expand 50 px to the north. We continue to develop our firearms. We continue to study the printing press and make more of them. We buy more books from China. We continue making more muskets. We now have 10,000 primitive musketeers. We begin building up our military and create even tougher practices. We expand our settlement at North Baikal Lake.
 * Oirat D: We ask Chagatai, Golden Horde and Baikal Jurchens to form the Great Northern Alliance with us.
 * Marrikuwuyanga Empire: After the death of Emperor Benelong Gulpilil, Yada Gulpilil ascended the throne and was proclaimed His Majesty Emperor of Marrikuwuyanga, King of Tiwi Islands and the Father of the Aborigines. (according to him). Under his leadership, Emperor Yada ordered the killing of his uncles and brothers to reduce any threat of him being overthrown and ordered hundreds of boys to be taken away from their tribes and trained in harsh climates so as to strengthen them. Not fond of any person from a foreign tribe entering into his land, he had ordered the killing of two children and their mother when they accidentally stumbled into Marrikuwuyanga territory.
 * The Kingdoms of Ayutthaya, having landed in Marrikuwuyanga 15 years ago, request a trade treaty.
 * In the Kingdoms of Ayutthaya, prosperity reigns. The practice of making nobles send their children to the city of Ayutthaya works so well that it becomes mandatory for every single one of the nobles throughout the kingdoms. This ensures three things; first, that the nobles cannot rebel; secondly, that the children who will succeed their parents gain valuable connections and experience; and third, that the capital becomes a center for learning throughout the region. Having helped them stabilize their state over the previous six years, we sign four treaties with the Aru, making them vassals of the Kingdoms of Ayutthaya. Malay military units in the armies of Ayutthaya continue to mop up the survivors of what has widely become known as the Peasant's Revolt. At the same time, the troops also help to rebuild towns, farms, and infrastructure damaged by the fighting. A new ship is developed by the Ayutthaya navy, one capable of sailing for thousands of miles, approximately 200 feet from bow to stern, and these are built extensively in the navy, with four being created in this year alone, with a  tonnage of about 15,000 tons (these are less than half that of Zheng He's mmkay?). We bring our two large siege guns to aid the Alexandrians as per the Compact of Philidelphi. The 500 regulars sent to protect the guns, are also pulled back. We continue to trade extensively with the region, especially Bengal, Japan and China. Meanwhile, seeing the Dutch traders, a naval expedition led by one of our new treasure ships rounds the Cape of Good Hope  and makes contact with the Kingdom of the Kongo. The Spire of Indaraja continues to be built, with it almost being completed, a mere ten years expected left for it. The armies of Ayutthaya continue to train. Meanwhile, the T̄hnn k̄hxng phracêā, or "Road of God", is constructed across our vassals in Malaysia, a giant trade road that starts in Malacca and ends in the southernmost corner of the Majapahit. Another road, the T̄hnn thxng, or "Road of Gold", is constructed across Mainland Ayutthaya. The three religions of Ayutthaya continue to peacefully co-exist, with another interfaith conference held at Malacca, again preaching peace, and prosperity between the races. However, the religion of the "Purists" continues to spread, with an adherent in North Ayutthaya starting a riot, killing 18 Muslims before the soldiers arrive, fighting off the rioters. The situation begins to worry many Muslims, and the King publicly condemns the Purists to reassure them. The engineers of Ayutthaya construct a gigantic siege gun, some 15 meters from barrel to end. 20 are built for use by the military.. All vassals - Aru, the Majapahit, Siak, and Aceh - develop their militaries. We offer the Marrikuwuyanga a trading treaty, having first landed in their area some 15 years before.
 * Do we even speak the same language? Or hand symbols? At the moment, Emperor Yada Gulpilil doesn't like foreigners but if you gift him something from the 'other world' (aka everything outside of Australia) he would certainly accept a trading treaty. - RexImperio
 * Don't need to speak the same language. It's not that hard to get translators. How about a giant siege gun? I'm talking like 30 feet long. Too much? How about some cool medicines? 22:56, May 3, 2014 (UTC)
 * Fusahito Theocracy: The construction of the city of Sendai continues, although it is projected to be completed in four years. In reaction to his brother-in-law's wishes, the Emperor halts the expansion of the army and draws troops away from the Chinese lands in Japan as a gesture of goodwill.
 * ​Toki State: The Emperor begins to integrate the Toki state in to the Theocracy, abolishing local government and centralising power in Kyoto. The Toki adoption of the Fusahito currency is completed, and army reforms bring the state in line with the standard of the rest of the Empire.
 * Castile: The Castilian economy has massively swelled with thanks to the creation of the Spanish confederation and the addition of Aragon's trade and military fleet at Castile's disposal. Castile, as leader of the Spanish confederation, begins a series of economic and military reforms on all the kingdoms in order to expand all the local economies and militaries and centralize the confederation's economies in general. Castile at this point has explored farther down Africa establishing multiple trade posts along the way and reaching a point where the sea rounds the continent. However, the failure of supplies has led to this exploration fleet having to turn back. Castile has begun the development of a series of new ships meant to replace some of the aging designs and add some new innovations. The Castilian navy begins to replace multiple ships with the new carracks as some of the largest ships in the Castile fleet. The Castilian renaissance with the addition of Aragon's renaissance techniques has exploded significantly and with permission from the monarchy embroiled with organizing the Spanish confederacy and multiple projects the Renaissance has led to a mass amount of art and technological innovation being developed. King Ferdinand unable to resist the opportunity of the new lands heard of immediately commissions three separate trading companies to cross the seas and scout out these new lands. Leaving from multiple points the fleets reach the new lands and immediately go their separate ways. One fleet, the smallest of the three composing of seven ships, sails south mapping and cataloguing go much farther south than they believed finding a huge natural harbor. This hints to these men to be the perfect place for a trade outpost as well as a city in the future. The other two fleets unable to go much farther north due to their size both make first contact with the Nations of Maya and Zapotec. The Colony of Buenos Aires expands by (2 px) up the coast. The Castilian populace reaches about 8.7 million and growing. Castile requests a trade agreement with Zapotec. Hostility with one of the more recently contacted tribes leads to nearly 150 men coming from new ships arriving using guns and swords to interrogate information from captured tribesman.
 * Kingdom of Aragon:  The Kingdom's navy the military navy in particular is given to a series of respected and well known Aragonians loyal to Castile. Aragon's assimilation into Castile cultural base begins due to many nobles now speaking Spanish (Castilian) which shows a notable effect of a few people especially merchants and some developing artisans which are currently able to speak the language proficiently. Aragonians spurred on by Prince Carlos to rebuild Zaragoza continue the work needed to rebuild the city and the various burned towns surrounding the city with the city being moderately repaired. For the time being, however, the capital of Aragon proper is migrated to Valencia. With Castilian assistance various infrastructural areas are rebuilt and the military is expanded to a token force of 10,000. Along with this support the Aragonian economy recovers slowly with a slow but controlled influx of Castilian economic aid helping Aragon recover. The ruling magistrate over Aragon signs a landmark trade deal with Castile which allows for Aragon's usage of Castile's large amounts of trade posts down the coast of Africa. The Aragonians now in control of the Spanish South African trading company fund the creation of the expansion of the trade outpost into a formal colony to be settled much like Morocco and Granada were by Castile. The Colony of Cape Ferdinand expands 2 px up the coast. Its mostly populated by Castilians who are the main people moving to the colonies. Aragon's population continues to be culturally integrated with the next generation speaking primarily Spanish with Catalan being phased out by the newer generation.
 * Kingdom of Cyprus: The King of Cyprus is now King Alexander of Cyprus. The King of Cyprus begins to see Castilian culture not as a dominant force but a possible blendable culture that can fit well within Cypriot society. The economy and military of the country is built up as is the infrastructure with a nice road system being built throughout the country. Cyprus gaining large funds from being a Castilian trade hub, begins building a few ships domestically, and purchases ships from Castile, or her allies shipwrights forming a respectable Cypriot navy of almost 90 ships with expected expansion to come. This expansion has been achieved specifically thanks to huge amounts of outsourcing to private shipwrights. Cyprus begins to see an exodus of the Knights Hospitaller west to Castile and her territories and King Matthias begins a larger recruitment for the military managing to raise a force of nearly 10,000. This force is largely funded through the large trade Cyprus has gathered. The troops are styled after Castile's royal army and Cyprus embarks on an intense training program in order to bring them up to standards. The Knights, with many departing, also have many older and other knights stay due to their close ties with Cyprus. They remain to run the Knights Hospitaller in Cyprus for the foreseeable future while a large number have migrated across the sea. The Kingdom of Cyprus due to the recent issues in Castile reluctantly recognizes Carlos and his Regency for Prince Ferdinand. Cyprus itself with its fleet of nearly 100 ships begins to take after the Venetian example with trade and begins to put Cypriot merchant ships into state possession for trade in order to help with the kingdom's finances and heavy trade. This show immediate results as a relative increase in funding and attention to trade between Castile and her allies begins to improve the quality of trade. The Assassins Guild sets up in Cyprus looking to prevent issues in the kingdom with corruption and serving as their base into Muslim countries.
 * Kingdom of Morocco: The Kingdom establishes its capital in Casablanca and with this, begins a major point of establishing a major military presence in the area. The infrastructure, particularly in dealing with transport and water, is expanded to accommodate more people but the only people allowed to settle are Christians - particularly from Hispania. A notable number of Castilians settle the area. The leader of Morocco styled a king, out of respect deducts himself in rank to Prince of Morocco as the throne is only to be held by the King of Castile himself if it's ever required. The country begins the construction of various canals and cultivates trees farther inland to help increase arable farmland. The Moroccan economy continue to expand with greater trade coming from Castile and the Canaries all the way down to Capo Verde increasing the relative wealth. The Kingdom with many canals having been completed has vastly expanded its farmland among other things. Morocco's total population reaches nearly 750,000 with Christianity becoming dominant in the area. Calne-Vicuna is finished and is opened as an center for Christianity in North Africa with a library said to rival old Alexandria's. The Moroccan Assassins Guild forms and spreads keeping the peace and killing the corrupt as well as making morocco much more peaceful for Castilian Rule. Morocco sees the need to expand some territory south to own more of the lucrative trade coast and expands south down the coast by 1500 sq km
 * Kongo: The Kingdom begins to work toward a trade and production economy focusing on helping provide resources for Castile's burgeoning West African trade network. The King of the Kongo converting to Christianity and being baptised begins to call for the expansion of ports to the best of the Kongolese architects' abilities. With the King also adopts the name John, in favor of the king who began these exploratory operations down the coast of Africa. The King also organized a band of Christian soldiers who help keep the peace who also begin to help with conversions to Christianity as a series of missionaries and high level priests from the Western Church have come on a ship hearing of many pagans and heretics to convert. The King makes multiple successful campaigns against various of the petty kings in Kongo killing two of them and leaving the third on the run. The Christianization of multiple areas is completed and multiple others are begun. The Kingdom of the Kongo in an attempt to increase economic output and trade begins to export a moderate amount of raw materials to Castile and begins to push toward heavy exploitation methods if possible. The Kongo expands by 1000 sq km north
 * Mayan Dip: The God Emperor wishs to establish trade with Castile, and proposes an alliance.
 * Zapotec Diplomacy: The Zapotec agree to a trade agreement.
 * Rumania: Mircea II, now 34, continues to work on improving the economy; Iron, salt and coal mines dot the landscape. Coal begins to become a major resource produced. These mines provide the resources required by the foundries and traders on the coast. The Danube becomes a highway of commerce, hundreds of barges travel up and down its length transporting people, materials, goods, and ideas. The printing press continues to spread across Rumania. As much as 8% of the nation has reached basic literacy, and the Moralists promote education of commoners by priests, in order to give everyone the opportunity to read the bible. The Eastern Mediterranean trade Company grows as Hungary joins. Many Trade posts are built Stephen, now 16, continues being educated. He becomes extremely interested in the stars after witnessing the comet. 12 of the new ships are dispatched to search beyond the Philadelphian Canal, looking for the Mughals which Hungary encountered.
 * The Consulate of Bulgaria: The economy continues to grow. The printing press spreads south into Bulgaria just as in Rumania. Ties with Rumania are strengthened; hundreds of Romanians move into the country, seeking cheap and productive land, and inter-marriage becomes very common. Bulgarians also begin to migrating to trade towns in Romania to seek more economic opportunities.
 * Mapuche: The population grows to 46,000. The scouting party sent east makes first contact with the Castilian colonists, and the groups begin to trade and learning eachothers' languages; however, one night, A morally challenged Mapuche scout tries stealing a gem from a Spanish colonist's home and gets shot; the Mapuche interpret this immediate execution as a sign of Spanish hostility. The scouts report back to Draven to tell of the Spanish aggression and of the flashing deathstick that executed their comrade.
 * Caucasian Confederation: After spending several months of 1489 meditating in the Caucasus, Mepe Boris returns to Tbliisi to find that the aristocratic dynasties of the realm have entrenched themselves into the Georgian bureaucracy in his absence; this year, he finally regains effective control of the Confederal government. In fulfillment of the Confederation's treaty with Alexandria, the Caucasian Confederation sends a 9,000-man expeditionary force to Ethiopia to support their Coptic allies, led by Crown Prince Ishak himself. Additionally, the Caucasian Confederation's member states all expand their militaries as domestic tensions prompt both the royal army and the private levies of the nobility to swell in size.
 * Kingdom of Georgia: Having suppressed several minor Kavkasian rebellions in the process, the Georgians finally integrate Amier-Kavkasia into Georgia this year. On a personal note, Mepe Boris - influenced by his time spent in the mountains with a Coptic-sponsored missionary sect - officially grants the Copts license to open their own church in the Georgian capital.
 * Enclave of Alexsaportu: With its docking faciltiies and transportation network in place, and its access to critical resources secure, the Georgian port of Alexsaportu on the Persian Gulf finally opens for business this year. The city is held in personal union with the Georgian throne, but is administered by a royally-appointed kveshspaspet [literally "sub-High Constable"] on a non-dynastic basis. Kveshspaspet Abram Saakadze, the city's first official administrator, promptly sends envoys to the Ottomans, Omanis, and Mansuriyyans inquiring into the possbility of a joint expedition to India.
 * Chiribaya: We build fortifications in our territory.
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Grand Duchess Eleanor formally opens relations with Saxony and Thuringia, offering alliances and trade pacts. Landshut expands its military. The population continues to rise. Grand Duchess Eleanor and her council continue to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with twenty-five very large cogs being finished, and by 1491 a trade route is put in place. Such important places in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany, due to a longstanding trade deal. Continuing in 1491, Eleanor commissions six cogs to sail around western Mediterranean coasts. The market center in Landshut continues to attract Bavarian and Venetian traders. In religious news, around 76% of the country adheres to the Western Church. Most adherents live around Munchen and Landshut. In other news, Bavaria continues implementing the Alliance and Merchant Act as well as the Militia and Navy Act. Eleanor ends her predecessor's policies of advancing Sedevanticism in the government. As the new Grand Duchess, Eleanor continues to vet and interrogate most of the powerful nobles of Bavaria. To work more efficiently, she appoints Vallerio Volpe as her spymaster. By the end of the year, Eleanor hosts a more developed middle class in Trausnitz than her numerous predecessors had. This earns her the sobriquet "The Middling Queen" to flavor the already popular "Merchant Queen" title. In other news, Eleanor continues to develop her cousin's seemingly successful administrative policies. Court physicians continue to bathe in religious ceremonies, hoping to appease God. In national news, the common courts continue to be implemented around Bavaria as several of the lower class make use it of. The serf laws begin to be used as well. While not extremely active, as many as three dozen serfs earn their freedom by the end of the year. Many freed serfs find work and home in the cities, while others continue to informally live on their lords' lands. This situation becomes a status quo and is foreseen to last the century. Many skeptics of Eleanor's reforms predict they will not affect Bavaria much until 1500. In educational news, Eleanor expresses interest of opening the Queen Isabell University to more men. Eleanor further incorporates the Collegiate Writs, allowing many more lower class men to enter college, after an exchange of 100 ducats and an agreement to lodge within the college. In legal news, Eleanor surprises her court when she introduces the Bavarian Commands, which are a set of laws pertaining to the royalty and the priveleges of the head. Eleanor writes that the Grand Duke or Duchess have the highest prerogative in Bavarian politics, government, and taxes. The Grand Duchess also effectively does away with many aspects of Salic Law when she proclaims that the head of the monarchy may appoint their own successors, rather than follow the ancient tradition of selecting the eldest male. This shocks even her deepest, loyal supporters. Her critics seemingly go insane. However, unrest does not develop, as civil inheritance laws are untouched and many nobles eventually calm down. In fact, many nobles petition Eleanor to extend the Bavarian Commands to themselves as well. However, families with many sons could care less for the law. In royal news, Eleanor sends news to France, Castile and England requesting a marriage for her twenty-six year old son and heir, Franz-Albert.
 * Munchen: By 1491, the total class of Queen Isabell University amounts to about 3300 men. Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Wurzburg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. The clergy of Wurzburg find small solace as the Grand Duchess is the somewhat temperate, analytic Eleanor.
 * Oman: The great comet in the sky excites astronomers and astrologers all over the nation, and many take it as an omen of good fortune in trading and the general welfare and wellbeing of the nation and its people. The Sultan announces he will be holding a viewing of it on its brightest night, and over ten thousand Omanis gather on the streets outside the Sky Mosque to watch it high in the sky. Omani sailors head down the coast of Africa and come across the nation of Madagasikara, on its lonely island. Also discovered is the spice-rich island of Zanzibar. The explorers return with stories of this new rich land, with possiblilties in the expansion of th spice trade, in which Oman is experienced.
 * The Kingdoms of Ayutthaya send a delegation to Oman, bearing many gifts, as well as trade treaty, and a friendship pact.
 * Oman Dip: The Sultan welcomes the delegation and the offers of trade and friendships, and hopes for this to be a prosperous relationship for both countries.
 * |onte continues to have a large surplus of grain. Though adopting "western farming", the idea of "the tribe" is still very much so alive, as people always share the crops they have grown, or the animals they have hunted amongst the community. Mon advocates the planting of trees in small groves. Throughout the year, Mon goes elephant hunting, though it is very dangerous, as he is hunting them with arquebuses, and the whole process requires much co-ordination. However, the results are said to be spectacular, as the tribe gains new wealth in the collected ivory, and the elephant meat is considered a rarity. The season resulted in five elephants being killed. Much of the younger generation knows how to hunt, and begin to help their parents, increasing the prosperity of the tribe. Not only do they know how to hunt, but in accordance with tribal tradition, each one of them may become a warrior if the need be, trained both in the arquebus and the bow.
 * Scandinavian Empire: The infrastructure is expanded in Scandinavia as well as those of all vassals. Scandinavia repairs ships that have been on the seas or in service for too long, thus assisting the great navy of Scandinavia. Scandinavia hears of Castile's interests in travelling west, renewing interest in westward expansion. Tales of the old Vinland inspire explorers to seek out the settlement, though no real  progress is made this year as most seasoned explorers are disinterested in Vinland at this time.
 * Alexandria: Trade continues to increase as the ports are re-established. More people are converted to Coptic Christianity due to the See of Saint Mark's presence. Many Muslims reconsider their faith seeing the prosperity that Christians live in. Resources are sent to Aiguptia to maintain and protect the canal as that process continues and workers are encouraged to go seek out this opportunity. The economy continues to pick up as trade expands to SE Asia. Christians in North African nations are invited to immigrate to Alexandria. Missionaries and dignitaries remain in the Nubia region hoping to convert and influence some of the Nile cities (Turn Nineteen). The land acquired from Yemen by the Red Sea continues to see a port town established for sailors and merchants to rest before going into the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean, there is a medium increase in population as more people look to get into the trade business and travel from Castile and the Netherlands requires a stop for their sailors. In the province of Judea soldiers are to protect both Christian, Islamic and Jewish pilgrimages. Small amounts of conversions in Judea take place mainly converting Christians and Muslims to Coptic Christianity. Alexandria removes troops to the south as the region is now calm and free of revolt. Alexandria works extensively on its navy as it wishes to further explore the deepest reaches of the Great Eastern Sea (OTL Indian Ocean). An Alexandria expedition makes it to Dia Viet and Ming China with the noble who negotiated the Treaty of Karachi. OTL Goa and Karachi continue to become a massive destination for Alexandrian trades and relationships continued to be established. The state owned Great Eastern Sea Trade Company takes control of trade in Alexandrian ports along the Eastern Sea. Grigorios's engineers continue plans of a reconstructed lighthouse on the cite of the citadel. Relations are established with the nation Vijaynagar, an we  continue establish more posts along the coast, especially at Goa. Kafta and Kyricos become bolder and are taught to rule. An enclave at OTL Port Sudan begins to form due to trade (three). Immigration from traders and trading families increases to the trade enclaves in Alexander's Strait and the Somali enclaves. Kafta thanks and confirms alliances with his father's allies. . Troops return to Alexandria. The pyriamids at Giza receive a new coat of limestone. Kyricos falls ill and his status is questioned. Inf Turn.


 * Aiguptia: Continues to stabilize the nation. Engineers, cartographers and philosophers from all trade partners are offered jobs to work on expanding the Philadelphi Canal to take on present day cogs, treasure fleets and other ships. At many points ships can pass freely using two separate canals or wide man-made lakes. However, there are still flows to be worked out, and portions to be widened, although the work becomes minimal. Citizens and people in the surrounding regions and province are converted to Coptic Christianity. Missionaries continue to convert people, especially in Cairo. Cairo also attracts many in anticipation of the canal. The city at the crossing point of the canal OTL Zagazig, begins to be filled by merchants and people looking to get involved in the trade industry, but becomes known for poorer living conditions and being put at risk for the plague. Missionaries and organizers are sent to Nubia region to assist in building a kingdom there. Mercenaries are raised to assist the Alexandrian merchants in their conflict for safe trade in order to maintain a presence on the former Somali land. Alexandria's call to arms is answered through Aiguptia training is military and participates in the war games. INF Turn. 
 * Ethiopia: Grigorios and Kafta begins creating and developing relationships with local leaders. Shortly after the treaty everyone settles back into normal lifestyles. INF Turn. 
 * In the Tartary, recovery continues. Historians of the nation begin calling the period between the end of the Karelian War and 1482, a twenty-year struggle, the Time of Troubles. The economy begins to grow, and the military is improves upon. To the north, violence between Russian settlers and Nenets begins; those Russians caught wreaking havoc on the Yamal are deported, mostly unharmed, back to Muscovy. This eastward movement expands the borders of the Horde some 500 km eastward, close to Selkup settlements in Oiratia. While this does not have the explicit support of the Emperor, which wants to look for better relations with nations to the west, it does have the support of much of the population, which distrusts the Russians. Diplomatic missives are sent to Moscow (with a grievance), Stockholm and Constantinople.
 * Perm does similar things to what the Tatar people have done to the east, expulsing Russian settlers. The population once again begins to quickly grow. The economy also does, as merchants once again establish their commercial ties across the region. The ruble is now pegged to the stavraton rather than the ducat.
 * Adyghea stops suffering from the plague this year, as the population once again begins to grow. The economy also grows, and the ruble begins to be adopted.
 * In Kazakhstan several more duchies and ulus are murdered. The rulership of the Manghud is strengthened.
 * Azov also develops its military. Crop yields, however, once again begin to be built, as Tatars replace Ukrainians in those areas where the Ukrainian population was hit hardly.


 * Austria: This turn in both our nation and in all our vassals is dedicated to economy. We train and expand our military using new experience from recent wars, and grow our nation economically. In Morocco our position in Melilla is fortified. All fortifications around the region are rebuilt and manned by stationed guards in case of an attack. To protect Melilla the construction of a fortress outside the city is considered, although postponed for now. The port of Melilla is rebuilt to begin operation as a trade port and military outpost. Construction continues on a shipyard in the Melilla port to facilitate the construction and repair of friendly ships. Melilla is granted a permanent naval garrison in the city’s port. To respond to dangers in the area, and to support the small garrison on land who mans the fortifications. Our position in Morocco is fortified by re-inforcements, bringing Melilla operational against attacks. For now a small fleet is stationed in its harbor, while its garrison continues to hold the north and its supply lines, supporting our Christian brethren. With much of the Muslim population of Melilla left dead after the war against Morocco, the local government attempts to entice settlers by offering large quantities of land to Christian settlers. Many Europeans, particularly of German descent and/or from central Europe begin settling the area around Melilla. With finances from Augsburg-based banking establishments, the Trieste Company continues to launch expeditions to West Africa. Abrechtburg has grown to a decently sized settlement, supporting a population of farmers, traders, and a small garrison of soldiers. The town also houses a well furbished fort, armed with a small amount of cannons intended to defend the settlement and the harbor from any attack. Built out of necessity, the port at Abrechtburg is refurbished and expanded to support more trade ships, and allied countries are welcomed to trade and stay in the town. The second largest settlement in Westenland, Dominusburg, follows suit, finishing the construction of a port similar to Abrechtburg ‘s. Trade posts continue to be built and exploited, now numbering several dozen along the coast of Westenland and into allied territory. Our reliance on the Wolof becomes less so, but we sign a trade agreement with their nation to continue our positive relationship. Deals are made with the Wolof for slaves and other goods. Conversion of the natives begin around the settlement. Several bimereiches and caravels begin construction in Trieste, Melilla, Corfu, and other ports,  to further facilitate and protect overseas trade. Trade is increased with the Grand Duchy of Bavaria and other trade partners, bringing about new avenues of trade and commerce. We disapprove of the actions the nation of Venice has undertaken against our allies, and we secretly begin planning an attack if necessary. The postal system across Austria continues to grow. Ships begin trading with our allies in Alexandria and with several states past the canal.
 * Yemen: Military and economy improve.
 * Milan: Work continues on the Certosa di Pavia, the Castle Visconteo, and on the extensive Milan Cathedral. We continue training a proper standing army, utilizing Swiss mercenaries and local recruits. With border disputes now settled between the nations of Austria and Switzerland, we continue opening friendly relations with both nations in hopes of repairing our diplomatic relations and protecting our northern border. We continue constructing cogs and galleys to strengthen our navy and protect our interests on the seas. Our turn is dedicated to economy in both our nation and our vassals. Many begin to call for a possible counter attack into Venice to end their clashes with Milan once and for all, and possible plans are created. We ask for a trade agreement and alliance with the nation of the Netherlands. Trade increases with the nation of Alexandria and with nations in Africa through the canal. We send a company of ships and some supplies to aid against the nation of Ethiopia. An expedition is also sent east, which makes contact with the Mughal Empire. We ask for a trade agreement with the Mughal Empire to begin trading personally in the Indian subcontinent. We apply to join the Eastern Mediterranean Trade League. Stephano is appointed ruler of Padua, a decision praised by the city’s people.
 * Novgorod: We continue the production of Koch boats, cannons, hand cannons, advanced crossbows, swords, and composite bows, increasing our military capabilities in case of war. The nation’s training and advancement of military continues. The recent classes of Koch ships are being manufactured in Novgorod. The town of St Patriksburg’s population grows a bit more that last year. As the construction of the town improves, the Kremlin finishes, trade becoming more in demand, the town gains slightly. Because of the trade road built with Tver our economy increases. After seeing a great success with the private schools in the cities of Novgorod, St Patriksburg, Staraya Russa, and Nizhny Novgorod. We start building another private school in Rostov and Yaroslavl. We complete building private schools in Torzhok and a private school in Staraya Ladoga. We dedicate this turn to military . We continue to establish ties with our allies Muscovy and Pskov. We offer to help Pskov develop this new type of koch, and engineers in Novgorod begin producing a model of their own. The new ship, constructed almost exclusively for sea-based travel will be thirty meters in length. The new ship will have three masts, and becomes known as a trikoch. We also begin producing shitiks that are fifteen to twenty meters in length for the purpose of transporting cargo.
 * Tver: We complete the construction of the private school in Tver and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Yaroslavl, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Yaroslavl: We complete the construction of the private school in Yaroslavl and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Rostov: We completed the construction of the private school in Rostov and start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Yaroslavl, Muscovy. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire continues to increase its trade, especially in Northern Europe and in the Indian Ocean. This trade allows Roman knowledge and technology to expand, albeit at a slow pace. Scandinavian boat designs reach the Imperial court and are put to use in combining these designs along with Venetian Carro designs. Some Roman technology also moves north to Scandinavia like the renowned hunting rifles and firing mechanism. This firing mechanism is developed into a few arquebuses and rifles as an experiment, and it is discovered that this decreases the reloading time. The four cities in the Levant are re-inforced by the arrival of Roman troops, and the cities expand their influence over the surrounding countryside. These cities, along with Famagusta in Cyprus and Alexandria in Egypt, become crucial points for EMTL ships bound for the Indian Ocean. A tragedy strikes the Empire as the Emperor Michael IX dies when he falls down the stairs. His son and only heir Thomas is crowned as Thomas I of the Roman Empire, along with some other titles.
 * Albania: The military continues to improve itself with the use of Matchlock muskets and the training of native Albanian cavalry. The king of Albania goes to Constantinople to attend the coronation of Thomas I.
 * Trier: We dedicate this turn to economy, as do our vassals. The states around us are influenced. Trade routes are established, opening trade among Hesse, Cologne, and Austria and her vassals. To improve infrastructure we begin building several defenses, and roads to link towns across the nation. Fortifications around our capital are improved and updated. The University of Trier, founded more than a decade ago, is expanded.
 * Hungary and all its vassals and puppets and states in personal union work on expanding their armed forces. There is an increase in trading between them all, along with increased trading with Moscovy and thus allows economic growth. Road construction also continues as for greater trade, better infrastructure is needed. Hungary also focuses highly on building better naval ships and upgrading old ships as well as putting many obsolete ships into retirement.
 * Bengal Sultanate: The decrease in taxes on the landed elite does its job in most areas of the Sultanate, decreasing the tax load on the peasantry and earning him their support. The tax cuts on the merchant class allow for more trade to be conducted, and a recent lax on some of the quota laws allows for more goods to be shipped from Bengal, greatly increasing trade income. Trade with the state of Ava continues, with influence being placed through trade on Ava. Cash crops continue to be grown in large amounts. With our merchants traveling to Ava, Koch, Ahom and Arakan regularly, Islam continues to grow in their nations. Most all trade roads begin to see much-needed maintenance. Due to Bengal having control over lands of multiple ethnicities and religions, literary works in the form of poems and epics continue to take influence from all three religions of the Sultanate. Urdu, also called Hindi by some, becomes more common in the Sultanate due to the mixing of Hindu and Islamic ideals. We continue to help finance the Plutocratic State of Jaunpur, Delhi Sultanate and Bahamani Sultanate by sending gifts directly to the nobles/sultans, offering loans from powerful trade bankers, and decreasing the trade taxes over all of Bengal, allowing more of our merchant goods to travel into those states. We also raise a portion of the Sultan's personal levy and then divide it out to be sent to the states leaders, so that they can do with them what they wish in order to maintain order in their nation. The construction of schools and universities several years ago has led to an increase in scholars and literacy in our nation. Due to the removal of trade barriers among a majority of states in the Indian League, their merchants and ours begin to travel with increased mobility and goods, thereby increasing the trade income and output in the agreeing nations. With the plague being considered a far less threat now than it previously was, restrictions on trade and laws on inheritance/assests are changed to pre-plague laws. Due to the return to a high volume of trade after managing to work with a far smaller volume during the plague, investments by landed elites into expansion of their plantations, mines and levies increase exponentially. In the newly conquered lands of Ava, road construction begins to bring several of the Avanese cities into the large network of trade and travel roads that criss-cross the Bengali Sultanate and its vassals. Some local officials are coercied into telling their less than Islamic subjects that life under the Sultanate is far greater for both their livelihoods and their culture than it was under an oppressive Avanese royal family. In order to make the Phay-Sat's more friendly to mounted riders, and avoid making them have to take the time to dismount, some Phay-Sat's are designed with a shorter barrel that decreases range, but allows a mounted soldier to fire it without risk of forced dismount.
 * '​Emirate of Andamana:' Mansoor Basil Amirmoez continues to reclaim land on the island to make room for farms, and to have timber for building both boats and houses. The Emirate expands another 500 km into the island. The ships built by the timber from the island help contribute to Bengali trade. Continues working on economy and infrastructure.
 * Rajya of Orissa: Kapilendra Deva continues to listen to his advisors and bring about several reforms to his nation that make it more Islamic friendly, one of which is new, and calls for the creation of one mosque for each Hindu temple in the name of tolerance, when in reality, his advisors have prescribed this to bring about larger Islamic influence.
 * Swargadeo of Kamarupa: Now vassalized by Bengal, the Swargadeo of Ahom continues to receive extensive help in creating viable farmland. They do this by continuing a process of land reclamation in the northern part of the state, which is largely marshy and thinly populated. This process of reclamation begins by using dikes, embankments and irrigation systems. The land reclamation, having been going on for decades, is extremely successful in creating viable farmland for rice, grain and other staple crops, increasing Kamarupa's population and their yearly trade output.
 * Kingdom of Italy: King Charles I continues the reforms of his father, and improves the economy and the military. Continues the construction and improvement of shipyards and production of new boats to combat in the Mediterranean. Territorial defense continues being built based on border forts. Relations with the Byzantine Empire continue strong. The naval academy in Taranto continues the technological research with Venice. The King continues to give new impetus to the culture within the kingdom and its vassal states, in art, science, etc.
 * Kingdom of Sicily: The army continues the process of assimilation of Italian tactics that spread through the Mediterranean, promoting the use of early firearms. The economy of the island is mostly cereal crops. Thanks to Italian support the exploitation of olives and wine grapes continues.
 * Grand Duchy of Tuscany: Improves the economy and the military. The economic prosperity of the previous years is accented with commercial junction providing by Italy and Genoa, and the city of Florence is the commercial nexus among all the Italian states. Frederick I helps promote economic prosperity, gives incentives to help manufacturing output grow, and improve access roads to make the trade more fluid and profitable. The army is formed to the image of the Italian army, with gradual use of new firearms that become quite popular. Frederick I became a great patron and the Tuscan nobles follow this particular policy. The artists, protected and maintained by the nobles and bourgeois rising, unleash their creativity.
 * Duchy of Genoa: Improves the economy and the military. The Duchy of Genoa continues trading from the Black Sea to the Straits of Gibraltar, using new models of ships with cargo holds of more spacious and allow greater profit. With the help of Italian military fleet, try to force richest commercial rights in Tunisian ports. In Genoa the boom in production of luxury items continues. The pressure of the Genoese traders in Tunis is growing, and combined with the presence of Christian missionaries, who at the same time serve commercial spies, is accomplished the capture of a lot of exotic products that are not easy to get due to the conflicts and trade barriers in the Near East, and the axis between Tunis and Genoa is strengthened. The Genoese economy restarts its golden age.
 * Duchy of Ferrara: Improves the economy and the military. The paper industry is forging ahead, and also the making of looms, making this duchy into one of the most productive in northern Italy. Duke Niccolo I continues the loyal service to Italy.
 * Duchy of Corsica: Improves the economy and the military. The exploitation of salt mines and silver continues. In the same way, the vine crops increase in extension and quality, and the manufacture of wine each year improves in quality and quantity, and is recognized as the best European wine. On the island of Corsica a boom of mercenaries continues. The Italian army started recruiting many Corsicans, making them a legend in terms of ferocity and skill in the skirmishes and battles.
 * Marquisate of Modena: Improves the economy and the military. Niccolo is dedicated to art and culture, encouraging painters, sculptors and architects that embellish this little Marquisate, leading Italian opulence to a new level. Marquis Niccolo I continues the loyal service to Italy.
 * Principality of Zeta: Improves the economy and the military. Dairy cattle production increases, and in the same way the manufacture of better quality cheese, they continue to be exported to Italy, Hungary and Byzantium. The Prince Giovanni I continues the cultural boom.
 * Vatican City: The Pope continues the campaign of evangelization in the lands of the Balkans. Missionaries continue working in North Africa, especially in Tunisia, where they try to recover the core of Christians. The Pope, like his predecessor, condemns all those who come to the false churches that are being created in Europe. The nephew of Pope Callistus III, Rodrigo Borgia continues his ascent in the Roman Curia.
 * Order of the Knights of Malta: The Grand Master of the Order Piero Raimondo Camelot, uses his fleet of ten ships to patrol the central Mediterranean, also helping needy Christians. Military elements are improved, and the economy is maintained by the Italian and Sicilian support.
 * County of Provence: The reform of the administration continues, adapting the Italian model which has had so much success. Improves economy through trade and manufacturing cloth. The military camp is also improved, adding new equipment and Italian military ideas.
 * Duchy of Anjou: As in Provence, the Duchy transformation is performed. The economy and military improve.
 * Alencon: The economy and military improve.
 * Narbonne: The economy and military improve.
 * Vendome: The economy and military improve.

1492
The commercial transportation of grain to the northern border in exchange for salt certificates in Ming China is monetized for the first time.

In the lands of the Tharawal, one particularly successful and respected warrior (and eel farmer) named Mandu begins asserting control over the group.
 * Portugal: Continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Leiname. By this time, the colony in Leiname starts to export wheat to Portugal. Meanwhile, some Portuguese explorers continue to explore the African coast. The Açores continue to be settled. Meanwhile, the new ships that been developed, called naus, and that are similar to the Castilian carracks, begin to be used. Naval explorations directed to the west begin, after news that new lands may have been found there. Meanwhile, Urraca, after explaining that she only noticed the Austrian offer when the Hungarian offer came, clarifies that Afonso is 22 years old as of 1492 and waits for both Austria and Hungary's answers.
 * Austrian Diplomacy: Maximilian I suggests either one of his two sisters, Catherine (age 32) or Margaret (age 29), or his cousin Sophia (age 25).
 * |onte continues to have a large surplus of grain. Though adopting "western farming", the idea of "the tribe" is still very much so alive, as people always share the crops they have grown, or the animals they have hunted amongst the community. Mon advocates the planting of trees in small groves. Throughout the year, Mon goes elephant hunting, though it is very dangerous, as he is hunting them with arquebuses, and the whole process requires much co-ordination. However, the results are said to be spectacular, as the tribe gains new wealth in the collected ivory, and the elephant meat is considered a rarity. The season resulted in seven elephants being killed. Much of the younger generation knows how to hunt, and begin to help their parents, increasing the prosperity of the tribe. Not only do they know how to hunt, but in accordance with tribal tradition, each one of them may become a warrior if the need be, trained both in the arquebus and the bow.
 * Cuzcan/Inca Empire (Tawatinsuyu): The civil war drags on, with the Inca gaining significant victories. The City of Cuzco suffers further infrastructure damage. Brother A flees to Chiribaya, leaving his army to fend for themselves. The cowardness of his actions turns the people of Cuzco against his army, allowing Brother B to gain significant advantages.
 * Prussia: The Prussians begin to develop their military. The Prussians continue to build their new navy.
 * Courland: The Curonians also continue developing their military.
 * Ossel-Wiek: Ossel-Wiek also continues developing their military. Duke Franz continues to reshape the face of Arenburg.
 * Scandinavian Empire: Interest in westward exploration grows heavily amongst travellers. In early 1492, Jorgen Armensen, an explorer from Sweden, launches an expedition to discover Vinland. After months at sea, he lands in OTL Newfoundland, where he explores for a while until returning to Scandinavia. Still unsure over his discovery, he names the area New Found Land so as to not jump to conclusions. The people of Scandinavia, however, rejoice as they believe that the long-lost land of Vinland is found. Scandinavia claims settling rights to Vinland, should it be discovered, and considers closing the Skagerrak to Hamburg should they become an obstacle in Scandinavia's reclaimation of Vinland. The Age of Exploration begins in Scandinavia as explorers, amateurs and professionals alike, prepare to sail to New Found Land to further search for Vinland. The economy expands, especially in coastal regions and in the vassals.
 * Kingdom of Italy: King Charles I continues the reforms of his father, and improves the economy and the military. Continues the construction and improvement of shipyards and production of new boats to combat in the Mediterranean. Territorial defense continues being built based on border forts. Relations with the Byzantine Empire continue strong. The naval academy in Taranto continues the technological research with Venice. The King continues to give new impetus to the culture within the kingdom and its vassal states, in art, science, etc.
 * Kingdom of Sicily: The army continues the process of assimilation of Italian tactics that spread through the Mediterranean, promoting the use of early firearms. The economy of the island is mostly cereal crops. Thanks to Italian support the exploitation of olives and wine grapes continues.
 * Grand Duchy of Tuscany: Improves the economy and the military. The economic prosperity of the previous years is accented with commercial junction providing by Italy and Genoa, and the city of Florence is the commercial nexus among all the Italian states. Frederick I helps promote economic prosperity, gives incentives to help manufacturing output grow, and improve access roads to make the trade more fluid and profitable. The army is formed to the image of the Italian army, with gradual use of new firearms that become quite popular. Frederick I became a great patron and the Tuscan nobles follow this particular policy. The artists, protected and maintained by the nobles and bourgeois rising, unleash their creativity.
 * Duchy of Genoa: Improves the economy and the military. The Duchy of Genoa continues trading from the Black Sea to the Straits of Gibraltar, using new models of ships with cargo holds of more spacious and allow greater profit. With the help of Italian military fleet, try to force richest commercial rights in Tunisian ports. In Genoa the boom in production of luxury items continues. The pressure of the Genoese traders in Tunis is growing, and combined with the presence of Christian missionaries, who at the same time serve commercial spies, is accomplished the capture of a lot of exotic products that are not easy to get due to the conflicts and trade barriers in the Near East, and the axis between Tunis and Genoa is strengthened. The Genoese economy restarts its golden age.
 * Duchy of Ferrara: Improves the economy and the military. The paper industry is forging ahead, and also the making of looms, making this duchy into one of the most productive in northern Italy. Duke Niccolo I continues the loyal service to Italy.
 * Duchy of Corsica: Improves the economy and the military. The exploitation of salt mines and silver continues. In the same way, the vine crops increase in extension and quality, and the manufacture of wine each year improves in quality and quantity, and is recognized as the best European wine. On the island of Corsica a boom of mercenaries continues. The Italian army started recruiting many Corsicans, making them a legend in terms of ferocity and skill in the skirmishes and battles.
 * Marquisate of Modena: Improves the economy and the military. Niccolo is dedicated to art and culture, encouraging painters, sculptors and architects that embellish this little Marquisate, leading Italian opulence to a new level. Marquis Niccolo I continues the loyal service to Italy.
 * Principality of Zeta: Improves the economy and the military. Dairy cattle production increases, and in the same way the manufacture of better quality cheese, they continue to be exported to Italy, Hungary and Byzantium. The Prince Giovanni I continues the cultural boom.
 * Vatican City: The Pope continues the campaign of evangelization in the lands of the Balkans. Missionaries continue working in North Africa, especially in Tunisia, where they try to recover the core of Christians. The Pope, like his predecessor, condemns all those who come to the false churches that are being created in Europe. The nephew of Pope Callistus III, Rodrigo Borgia continues his ascent in the Roman Curia.
 * Order of the Knights of Malta: The Grand Master of the Order Piero Raimondo Camelot, uses his fleet of ten ships to patrol the central Mediterranean, also helping needy Christians. Military elements are improved, and the economy is maintained by the Italian and Sicilian support.
 * County of Provence: The reform of the administration continues, adapting the Italian model which has had so much success. Improves economy through trade and manufacturing cloth. The military camp is also improved, adding new equipment and Italian military ideas.
 * Duchy of Anjou: As in Provence, the Duchy transformation is performed. The economy and military improve.
 * Alencon: The economy and military improve.
 * Narbonne: The economy and military improve.
 * Vendome: The economy and military improve.
 * Madagasikara finalizes recovery from the devastating Civil War, widely attributed to the aid of the Spanish Empire. The prosperity of Spain flows to Christians more often than Muslims or animists. Prompting conversions. The new bishop is sure to take advantage of these fast conversions and works In other Swahili states. The Inquisition becomes less effective after years of fulfilling its purpose and is planned to be closed soon. Population growth continues and also reflects more half-Spaniard births. Malagasy culture adopts features from Swahili and Spanish influences. In Betsileo, conversions continue and the economy grows significantly with major infrastructure improvements being made to repair damage from the Civil War. Meanwhile, moraingy and other cultural features from Swahili and Spanish groups carry over. Pembara, Maputo and Sofala all continue to grow stronger in Christian faith as well as continuing to merge with Malagasy culture. All three states expand slowly, with Maputo heading south while Sofala and Pembara both grow northward. Economic turn
 * Hamburg-Mecklenburg: the military and economy continue to grow. While Scandinavia's considerations are brushed off as an empty threat, the launch date of Hamburgs westward voyage is pushed back to allow more readiness. Membership in the North Sea Trade Alliance continues to prove a superb decision, and enjoys economic success and good relations among the members, with the exception of Scandinavia by its own choice. Whaling along the coast of Greenland brings in the largest haul yet, and talk begins of establishing an independent outpost. While the proposal is considered, some crews take it upon themselves to scout for suitable locations.
 * Magdeburg: military and economy expanded.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The news of the new lands are interesting to the king, yet he dismisses them as not pointless as it would take too long for now for there to be an exploration party there and that the main concern of the king is to establish his influence over all territories under his control. and to launch the final strike at Muslim North Africa. While this, in Artois a priest whose father was Dutch married to a French peasant begins preaching to avoid the Papacy's great mistake such as the lack of recognition of the Greek Rome during the crisis that nearly destroyed it, and the fact that the schism wasn't solved until the other side chose to talk. He begins preaching about a headless church with several similarities to that of the Dutch and the Catholic. He's called Louis Ebrecht. The monarchy decides to ignore him, and to reassure its people that it stands by the side of the church. However, insisting in the sole reason of the French church (as refered to its governing group) to recognize the Pope - yet to be independent.
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up. Economy expands.
 * Albret: Military and economy are built up.
 * Nemour: Military and economy are built up.
 * Guyenne: Military and economy are built up.
 * Berry: Military and economy are built up.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up.
 * Armagnac: Military and economy are built up.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy are built up.
 * Sardinia: Military and economy are built up.
 * Basel: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aargau: Military and economy are built up. The French presence begins to be felt. However, the attempts to establish a pro-Germanic government in order to avoid eventual uprisings, internal vassalization begins as well to fully convince German leadership.
 * Foix: Military and economy are built up.
 * La marche: Military and economy are built up.
 * Limoges Military and economy are built up.
 * Nevers:  Military and economy are built up.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. The native population drops to 450,000 (from around 750,000 in the region) due mostly to the plague and the war. French nobles begin to arrive due to the relative power void. While this, the French navy begins docking in Tunis, soon renamed Carthage.
 * Marrikuwuyanga Empire: The Sunda (aka Ayutthaya) had returned 15 years ago. A prophecy had been foretold that the return of the Sunda would signal the collapse of the Marrikuwuyanga Empire. The prophecy had been long ignored for the Emperor himself was a descendent of the Sunda. However, during the era when Tipuamantimirrimirri consolidated his power and controlled everything from behind the scenes, the prophecy became famous. Indeed, Tipuamantimirrimirri, being a native of Tiwi, had disliked the Sunda and the prophecy had spread throughout the Empire like wind. Thus, when the Sunda (aka Ayutthaya) returned, the tribes were quite nervous as to  what would happen next. Emperor Benelong, despite great pressure from his uncle Tipuamantimirrimirri, had refused to persecute the Sandu. This was the case until a disease spread throughout Marrikuwuyanga. The Sunda, having already developed immunity to the disease, had unknowingly brought and passed on the disease to the locals and within seven or eight years, the Marrikuwuyanga had lost 20% of their population and in an attempt to prevent further spread of the disease, they had abandoned 9% of their territory/87% of their fertile land. The problems that the disease had created for the Marrikuwuyanga had been so great, that the empire was near its collapse. The enraged Emperor Benelong committed a genocide against the Sunda and forced the survivors to live under harsh conditions. This was the case until Emperor Benelong finally died at the age of 51, himself falling victim to the disease [FLASHBACK OVER]. Emperor Yada had been informed that many Sunda had arrived at the coast, sailing on the beast (AKA ships) and had requested to trade. Despite the Sunda genocide having occurred merely a few years earlier, Emperor Yada had brushed aside any possibility of the Sunda overthrowing him. He sent his younger brother to inform the Sunda (AKA Ayutthaya) that they were willing to trade if the Sunda agree to get rid of the curse (AKA disease) they had brought to the people of Marrikuwuyanga. Meanwhile, the Marrikuwuyanga continued to develop iron weaponry and strengthen their military.
 * ​I'm pretty sure you have ships and ship-building know-how from your last contact with South East Asia. Callumthered (talk) 10:26, May 4, 2014 (UTC)
 * The ships that the Sunda gave to the Marrikuwuyanga were old so I thought maybe the aborigines had assumed that the old ships were 'dead' beasts. Either way, it does not matter - RexImperio
 * Ayutthaya: Gladly agrees, and brings medicines, gold and giant flipping ships the size of the moon (that's an exageration - though perhaps not to your people.)
 * County of Oldenburg: With Hamburg and Scandinavia both increasing their presence in Greenland, the OHG and the comital government are getting worried. Some settlers (about 20) are sent to settle the area of mainland Greenland adjacent to Neu Borkum (colony expands the maximum amount) in an attempt to strengthen Oldenburg's position in Greenland. The OHG sails farther and farther west, spurred on both by the good new whaling waters and by the rumours and tales of a land to the West. They find good whaling spots and return to Oldenburg via Dietrichdorf and Neu Baltrum. In the latter island colony, the water temperatures have returned to normal, and sea-bathing has all but ceased. Count Christian VII's 20 year-old daughter and only child Adelheid is in search of a husband. (Get your Royal marriage here). 
 * Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: The Bishop's crackdown has ended all real option, and the nationalisation of all town land gets underway. People who resist are thrown out of their homes. People invest money in the Episcopal bank, hoping to safeguard their remaining property.
 * Aleppo Eyaletian Dip: We ask if the King's younger brother, Omar, could marry you daughter, please.
 * Mughal Empire: Economy turn. The Mughal navy expands at an advanced pace due to importing from Hungary. This influences the trade and with new technology, fishing ships increase in number, which influences trade due to the 'exotic' fishes from Mughal lands that are traded to the Europeans. The Mughals also request further weaponry technology, especially guns and siege weaponry from their trade partners Alexandria, Netherlands and Hungary. Although they would be bought at a price, after the Hungarians helped with the Mughal navy, Emperor-Khan Mirza begins to prefer the Hungarians over the others as his trade partners, although this could be changed over the years. The Mughal Emperor also agrees on a trade pact with Milan, although a gift would be expected to seal the deal.
 * Hungary offers the Mughals advanced seige weaponry in exchange for greater trading rights as well as a desire for the scientific knowledge present within the Mughal archives as a Hungarian noble has shown keen interest in studying these works. Hungary also accepts the Mughal counter-offer and the shipping blueprints arrive with a gift of five ships to hopefully get on the good side with the Mughals.
 * The Nation of the Oirats: Cement and iron increase in production. Iron weapons are now majorly used. As we increase in population, we slowly target our expansion northward. We expand 50 px to the north. We continue to develop our firearms. We continue to study the printing press and make more of them. We buy more books from China. We continue making more muskets. We now have 10,000 primitive musketeers. We begin building up our military and create even tougher practices. We expand our settlement at North Baikal Lake.
 * Oirat D: We ask Chagatai, Golden Horde and Baikal Jurchens to form the Great Northern Alliance with us.
 * Aleppo Eyalet: We build up our military and navy. We expand 15 px south and west. Our agriculture industry increases due to a huge boom in our population. The king tries to continue to westernise our country to be like the European countries. In this process we continue westernization and try to change our religion from Islam to Aleppo Eyaletian Orthodox. We make maps of our country and map trade routes within our country to make trading inside our country easier. We start to build dromon and goke ships for our navy. Trade ships start to sail to the Roman Empire and Alexandria to trade with them. Port cities are being built quickly for that we can trade in better conditions ealier. The king's first son is born. His name is Mirza. The king sends a ship with troops, an ambassador and his brother to Oldenburg. We ask the King of Oldenburg to let his daughter marry Kader's younger brother Omar.


 * 1. Build up military and navy 2. Construct ports (infrastructure) 3. Expand 4. Change your religion in one year 5. Agriculture industry boom due to more population despite the fact that your country isn't Communist and everyone isn't growing crops which leads me to assume that your country is an agricultural country. So basically, you improved your military, economy, infrastructure, increased population and changed religion in a single turn ... Is this possible? I thought the rules said otherwise ...
 * IDK if this is possible, but my other turns were not crossed out so I thought it was fine. Plus, I didn't change my religion. I am switching slowly. 
 * HAH! Good luck! It's not implausible since we just split up his scores anyway but his change to Christianity is gonna take forever. -Feud
 * Fusahito Theocracy: The construction of the city of Sendai continues, although it is projected to be completed in three years. In reaction to his brother-in-law's wishes, the Emperor halts the expansion of the army and draws troops away from the Chinese lands in Japan as a gesture of goodwill. Actually, the Chinese Emperor and the Japanese are brothers-in-law. The son of the Chinese Emperor married the granddaughter of the then Japanese Emperor, the daughter of the current one. That makes the Emperor's daughter's husband's father the Chinese Emperor, meaning they're brothers-in-law
 * ​Toki State: The Emperor begins to integrate the Toki state in to the Theocracy, abolishing local government and centralising power in Kyoto. The Toki adoption of the Fusahito currency is completed, and army reforms bring the state in line with the standard of the rest of the Empire.
 * Bengal Sultanate: The decrease in taxes on the landed elite does its job in most areas of the Sultanate, decreasing the tax load on the peasantry and earning him their support. The tax cuts on the merchant class allow for more trade to be conducted, and a recent lax on some of the quota laws allows for more goods to be shipped from Bengal, greatly increasing trade income. Trade with the state of Ava continues, with influence being placed through trade on Ava. Cash crops continue to be grown in large amounts. With our merchants traveling to Ava, Koch, Ahom and Arakan regularly, Islam continues to grow in their nations. Most all trade roads begin to see much-needed maintenance. Due to Bengal having control over lands of multiple ethnicities and religions, literary works in the form of poems and epics continue to take influence from all three religions of the Sultanate. Urdu, also called Hindi by some, becomes more common in the Sultanate due to the mixing of Hindu and Islamic ideals. We continue to help finance the Plutocratic State of Jaunpur, Delhi Sultanate and Bahamani Sultanate by sending gifts directly to the nobles/sultans, offering loans from powerful trade bankers, and decreasing the trade taxes over all of Bengal, allowing more of our merchant goods to travel into those states. We also raise a portion of the Sultan's personal levy and then divide it out to be sent to the states leaders, so that they can do with them what they wish in order to maintain order in their nation. The construction of schools and universities several years ago has led to an increase in scholars and literacy in our nation. Due to the removal of trade barriers among a majority of states in the Indian League, their merchants and ours begin to travel with increased mobility and goods, thereby increasing the trade income and output in the agreeing nations. With the plague being considered a far less threat now than it previously was, restrictions on trade and laws on inheritance/assests are changed to pre-plague laws. Due to the return to a high volume of trade after managing to work with a far smaller volume during the plague, investments by landed elites into expansion of their plantations, mines and levies increase exponentially. In the newly conquered lands of Ava, road construction continues, so as to bring several of the Avanese cities into the large network of trade and travel roads that criss-cross the Bengali Sultanate and its vassals. Some local officials are coercied into telling their less than Islamic subjects that life under the Sultanate is far greater for both their livelihoods and their culture than it was under an oppressive Avanese royal family.
 * '​Emirate of Andamana:' Mansoor Basil Amirmoez continues to reclaim land on the island to make room for farms, and to have timber for building both boats and houses. The Emirate expands another 500 km into the island. The ships built by the timber from the island help contribute to Bengali trade. Continues working on economy and infrastructure. Mansoor Basil Amirmoez passes away, and the Sultan gives the title of Emirate to his brother, Illyas-Sasaska
 * Rajya of Orissa: Kapilendra Deva continues to listen to his advisors and bring about several reforms to his nation that make it more Islamic friendly, one of which is new, and calls for the creation of one mosque for each Hindu temple in the name of tolerance, when in reality, his advisors have prescribed this to bring about larger Islamic influence.
 * Swargadeo of Kamarupa: Now vassalized by Bengal, the Swargadeo of Ahom continues to receive extensive help in creating viable farmland. They do this by continuing a process of land reclamation in the northern part of the state, which is largely marshy and thinly populated. This process of reclamation begins by using dikes, embankments and irrigation systems. The land reclamation, having been going on for decades, is extremely successful in creating viable farmland for rice, grain and other staple crops, increasing Kamarupa's population and their yearly trade output.
 * Bengali Diplomacy (Needs mod response, please and thank you): Due to an almost four decade spanning alliance based upon friendship and common ideals, as well as a history of warring together in the name of a free India, the Sultan of Bengal asks the Raja of Vijaynagar if he may further cement their brotherly ties together by allowing the Sultan the hand of his daughter in marriage.
 * Castilian Dip: We request some landed titles in Bengal in order to grow some cash crops, etc
 * Bengali Diplomacy: The Sultan asks what the Kyāstiliẏāna-ēra (Castilian's) offer in exchange for the rights of a foreigner to own noble land, for it cannot be exchanged for mere coin.
 * From Spar. I QUIT!  Spartian300 (talk) 18:22, May 4, 2014 (UTC)
 * Cool story, bro.
 * Castile: The Castilian economy has massively swelled with thanks to the creation of the Spanish confederation and the addition of Aragon's trade and military fleet at Castile's disposal. Castile, as leader of the Spanish confederation, begins a series of economic and military reforms on all the kingdoms in order to expand all the local economies and militaries and centralize the confederation's economies in general. Castile at this point has explored farther down Africa establishing multiple trade posts along the way and reaching a point where the sea rounds the continent. However, the failure of supplies has led to this exploration fleet having to turn back. Castile has begun the development of a series of new ships meant to replace some of the aging designs and add some new innovations. The Castilian navy begins to replace multiple ships with the new carracks as some of the largest ships in the Castile fleet. The Castilian renaissance with the addition of Aragon's renaissance techniques has exploded significantly and with permission from the monarchy embroiled with organizing the Spanish confederacy and multiple projects the Renaissance has led to a mass amount of art and technological innovation being developed. King Ferdinand unable to resist the opportunity of the new lands heard of immediately commissions three separate trading companies to cross the seas and scout out these new lands. Leaving from multiple points the fleets reach the new lands and immediately go their separate ways. One fleet, the smallest of the three composing of seven ships, sails south mapping and cataloguing go much farther south than they believed finding a huge natural harbor. This hints to these men to be the perfect place for a trade outpost as well as a city in the future. The other two fleets unable to go much farther north due to their size both make first contact with the Nations of Maya and Zapotec. The Colony of Buenos Aires expands by (2 px) up the coast. The Castilian populace reaches about 8.7 million and growing. Hostility with one of the more recently contacted tribes leads to nearly 150 men coming from new ships arriving using guns and swords to interrogate information from captured tribesman. The Castilians hearing of white men disappearing in the Maya kingdom sends in troops from Castile to interrogate locals in the area. In this situation three Spaniards kill a group of Mayans and take multiple women hostage. This is created by a problem of language barriers and the superiority attitude of the Spanish. One ship leaves to call for help from the kingdom in order to prevent the Castilian traders from being evicted. Trade goes much better with Zapotec as gold and various other goods are transferred between the two nations.


 * Kingdom of Aragon:  The Kingdom's navy the military navy in particular is given to a series of respected and well known Aragonians loyal to Castile. Aragon's assimilation into Castile cultural base begins due to many nobles now speaking Spanish (Castilian) which shows a notable effect of a few people especially merchants and some developing artisans which are currently able to speak the language proficiently. Aragonians spurred on by Prince Carlos to rebuild Zaragoza continue the work needed to rebuild the city and the various burned towns surrounding the city with the city being moderately repaired. For the time being, however, the capital of Aragon proper is migrated to Valencia. With Castilian assistance various infrastructural areas are rebuilt and the military is expanded to a token force of 10,000. Along with this support the Aragonian economy recovers slowly with a slow but controlled influx of Castilian economic aid helping Aragon recover. The ruling magistrate over Aragon signs a landmark trade deal with Castile which allows for Aragon's usage of Castile's large amounts of trade posts down the coast of Africa. The Aragonians now in control of the Spanish South African trading company fund the creation of the expansion of the Trade outpost into a formal colony to be settled much like Morocco and Granada were by Castile. The Colony of Cape Ferdinand expands 2 px up the coast. Its mostly populated by Castilians who are the main people moving to the colonies. Aragons population continues to be culturally integrated with the next generation speaking primarily spanish with Catalan being phased out by the newer generation.
 * Kingdom of Cyprus: The King of Cyprus is now King Alexander of Cyprus. The King of Cyprus begins to see Castilian culture not as a dominant force but a possible blendable culture that can fit well within Cypriot society. The economy and military of the country is built up as is the infrastructure with a nice road system being built throughout the country. Cyprus gaining large funds from being a Castilian trade hub, begins building a few ships domestically, and purchases ships from Castile, or her allies shipwrights forming a respectable Cypriot navy of almost 90 ships with expected expansion to come. This expansion has been achieved specifically thanks to huge amounts of outsourcing to private shipwrights. Cyprus begins to see an exodus of the Knights Hospitaller west to Castile and her territories and King Matthias begins a larger recruitment for the military managing to raise a force of nearly 10,000. This force is largely funded through the large trade Cyprus has gathered. The troops are styled after Castile's royal army and Cyprus embarks on an intense training program in order to bring them up to standards. The Knights, with many departing, also have many older and other knights stay due to their close ties with Cyprus. They remain to run the Knights Hospitaller in Cyprus for the foreseeable future while a large number have migrated across the sea. The Kingdom of Cyprus due to the recent issues in Castile reluctantly recognizes Carlos and his Regency for Prince Ferdinand. Cyprus itself with its fleet of nearly 100 ships begins to take after the Venetian example with trade and begins to put Cypriot merchant ships into state possession for trade in order to help with the kingdom's finances and heavy trade. This show immediate results as a relative increase in funding and attention to trade between Castile and her allies begins to improve the quality of trade. The Assassins Guild sets up in Cyprus looking to prevent issues in the kingdom with corruption and serving as their base into Muslim countries.
 * Kingdom of Morocco: The Kingdom establishes its capital in Casablanca and with this, begins a major point of establishing a major military presence in the area. The infrastructure, particularly in dealing with transport and water, is expanded to accommodate more people but the only people allowed to settle are Christians - particularly from Hispania. A notable number of Castilians settle the area. The leader of Morocco styled a king, out of respect deducts himself in rank to Prince of Morocco as the throne is only to be held by the King of Castile himself if it's ever required. The country begins the construction of various canals and cultivates trees farther inland to help increase arable farmland. The Moroccan economy continue to expand with greater trade coming from Castile and the Canaries all the way down to Capo Verde increasing the relative wealth. The Kingdom with many canals having been completed has vastly expanded its farmland among other things. Morocco's total population reaches nearly 750,000 with Christianity becoming dominant in the area. Calne-Vicuna is finished and is opened as an center for Christianity in North Africa with a library said to rival old Alexandria's. The Moroccan Assassins Guild forms and spreads keeping the peace and killing the corrupt as well as making morocco much more peaceful for Castilian Rule. Morocco sees the need to expand some territory south to own more of the lucrative trade coast and expands south down the coast by 1500 sq km
 * Kongo: The Kingdom begins to work toward a trade and production economy focusing on helping provide resources for Castile's burgeoning West African trade network. The King of the Kongo converting to Christianity and being baptised begins to call for the expansion of ports to the best of the Kongolese architects' abilities. With the King also adopts the name John, in favor of the king who began these exploratory operations down the coast of Africa. The King also organized a band of Christian soldiers who help keep the peace who also begin to help with conversions to Christianity as a series of missionaries and high level priests from the Western Church have come on a ship hearing of many pagans and heretics to convert. The King makes multiple successful campaigns against various of the petty kings in Kongo killing two of them and leaving the third on the run. The Christianization of multiple areas is completed and multiple others are begun. The Kingdom of the Kongo in an attempt to increase economic output and trade begins to export a moderate amount of raw materials to Castile and begins to push toward heavy exploitation methods if possible. The Kongo expands by 1000 sq km north
 * The Tartary continues to expand its economy and military. The population continues to grow. Nenets people continue to drive out Russian settlers in Siberia, killing several and returning most into the European part of the nation. Most Russian settlers are expulsed by the native population. This is not condoned by the Tatar government, but almost the entirety of the population in the region is involved. However, increased interest in the area expands the Tatar territory by 3500 sq km through the northeast of the nation. The increased tensions between the two nations lead to the Tatars sending a diplomat to Moscow, asking them to stop their settling of Tatar territories but still seeking for good relationships. In fact, it promises that the Tatar government itself shall stop all Mastoravic missionaries that try to leave for Muscovy. Avvakum, who began schooling about two years ago, continues schooling. Alexander also does so. Another son is born to Theodore and his wife; his name is Hector, in the spirit of Theodore's Iliad-loving analogies. In the rest of the nation, an economic boom continues; the main cities all continue development.
 * Perm's economy grows, as does its military. The population also, miraculously, continues to grow. The trading influence of the  traders of the nation increases. Perm forces its merchants to stop teaching the Mastorava.
 * Adyghea continues to develop its economy. The ruble, pegged to the stavraton, is adopted. The population grows at last, as the plague burns itself out.
 * Kazakhstan sees more tribal leaders be murdered by the royal family. Khan Arslan marries to Theodore's young sister Irine, also a Christian.
 * Azov also develops its economy. More Tatars move into the region. The Crimean Gothic population throughout the Azovan Khanate continues to grow.
 * Alexandria: Trade continues to increase as the ports are re-established. More people are converted to Coptic Christianity due to the See of Saint Mark's presence. Many Muslims reconsider their faith seeing the prosperity that Christians live in. Resources are sent to Aiguptia to maintain and protect the canal as that process continues and workers are encouraged to go seek out this opportunity. The economy continues to pick up as trade expands to SE Asia. Christians in North African nations are invited to immigrate to Alexandria. Missionaries and dignitaries remain in the Nubia region hoping to convert and influence some of the Nile cities (Turn Twenty). The land acquired from Yemen by the Red Sea continues to see a port town established for sailors and merchants to rest before going into the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean, there is a medium increase in population as more people look to get into the trade business and travel from Castile and the Netherlands requires a stop for their sailors. In the province of Judea soldiers are to protect both Christian, Islamic and Jewish pilgrimages. Small amounts of conversions in Judea take place mainly converting Christians and Muslims to Coptic Christianity. Alexandria removes troops to the south as the region is now calm and free of revolt. Alexandria works extensively on its navy as it wishes to further explore the deepest reaches of the Great Eastern Sea (OTL Indian Ocean). An Alexandria expedition makes it to Dia Viet and Ming China and furthern north with the noble who negotiated the Treaty of Karachi. OTL Goa and Karachi continue to become a massive destination for Alexandrian trades and relationships continued to be established. Grigorios's engineers continue plans of a reconstructed lighthouse on the cite of the citadel. Relations are continued with the nation Vijaynagar, an we  continue establish more posts along the coast, especially at Goa.  Kafta and Kyricos become bolder and are taught to rule. An enclave at OTL Port Sudan begins to form due to trade (Four). Immigration from traders and trading families increases to the trade enclaves in Alexander's Strait and the Somali enclaves. Kafta thanks and confirms alliances with his father's allies. . Troops return to Alexandria. Kyricos recovers from injuries and his sickness. Kyricos revives the term Egypt in reference to Greater Alexandria. Inf Turn.
 * Aiguptia: Continues to stabilize the nation. Engineers, cartographers and philosophers from all trade partners are offered jobs to work on expanding the Philadelphi Canal to take on present day cogs, treasure fleets and other ships. At many points ships can pass freely using two separate canals or wide man-made lakes. However, there are still flows to be worked out, and portions to be widened, although the work becomes minimal. Citizens and people in the surrounding regions and province are converted to Coptic Christianity. Missionaries continue to convert people, especially in Cairo. Cairo also attracts many in anticipation of the canal. The city at the crossing point of the canal OTL Zagazig, begins to be filled by merchants and people looking to get involved in the trade industry, but becomes known for poorer living conditions and being put at risk for the plague. Missionaries and organizers are sent to Nubia region to assist in building a kingdom there. Mercenaries are raised to assist the Alexandrian merchants in their conflict for safe trade in order to maintain a presence on the former Somali land. Alexandria's call to arms is answered through Aiguptia training is military and participates in the war games. Aiguptia expands another 25 px along the Jordan River.
 * Ethiopia: Grigorios and Kafta begins creating and developing relationships with local leaders. Shortly after the treaty everyone settles back into normal lifestyles. INF TURN. 
 * Mapuche: Upon hearing of the Castilians' imprisonment and torture of many local tribesmen, Draven institutes a training program for the War Band in preparation for possible combat. Privately, he stresses over how to combat the guns of the Spanish. Villages of the east experience harsh disease this year. There are 46,500 Mapuche.
 * Milan: Work continues on the Certosa di Pavia, the Castle Visconteo, and on the extensive Milan Cathedral. We continue training a proper standing army, utilizing Swiss mercenaries and local recruits. With border disputes now settled between the nations of Austria and Switzerland, we continue opening friendly relations with both nations in hopes of repairing our diplomatic relations and protecting our northern border. We continue constructing cogs and galleys to strengthen our navy and protect our interests on the seas. Our turn is dedicated to economy in both our nation and our vassals. Many begin to call for a possible counter attack into Venice to end their clashes with Milan once and for all, and possible plans are created. We ask for a trade agreement and alliance with the nation of the Netherlands. Trade increases with the nation of Alexandria and with nations in Africa through the canal. We send a company of ships and some supplies to aid against the nation of Ethiopia. We begin trading with the Mughals and gift them a sum of gold to thank them for opening their borders to us.
 * Novgorod: We continue the production of Koch boats, cannons, hand cannons, advanced crossbows, swords, and composite bows, increasing our military capabilities in case of war. The nation’s training and advancement of military continues. The recent classes of Koch ships are being manufactured in Novgorod. The town of St Patriksburg’s population grows a bit more that last year. As the construction of the town improves, the Kremlin finishes, trade becoming more in demand, the town gains slightly. Because of the trade road built with Tver our economy increases. After seeing a great success with the private schools in the cities of Novgorod, St Patriksburg, Staraya Russa, and Nizhny Novgorod. We start building another private school in Rostov and Yaroslavl. We complete building private schools in Torzhok and a private school in Staraya Ladoga. We dedicate this turn to economy. We continue to establish ties with our allies Muscovy and Pskov. We offer to help Pskov develop this new type of koch, and engineers in Novgorod begin producing a model of their own. The new ship, constructed almost exclusively for sea-based travel will be thirty meters in length. The new ship will have three masts, and becomes known as a trikoch. We also begin producing shitiks that are fifteen to twenty meters in length for the purpose of transporting cargo.
 * Tver: We complete the construction of the private school in Tver and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Yaroslavl, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Yaroslavl: We complete the construction of the private school in Yaroslavl and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Rostov: We completed the construction of the private school in Rostov and start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Yaroslavl, Muscovy. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Rumania: Mircea II, now 35, continues to work on improving the economy; Iron, salt and coal mines dot the landscape. Coal begins to become a major resource produced. These mines provide the resources required by the foundries and traders on the coast. The Danube becomes a highway of commerce, hundreds of barges travel up and down its length transporting people, materials, goods, and ideas. The printing press continues to spread across Rumania. As much as 8% of the nation has reached basic literacy, and the Moralists promote education of commoners by priests, in order to give everyone the opportunity to read the bible. The Eastern Mediterranean Trade Company grows as Alexandria joins. The company builds many trade posts and creates a large merchant fleet. Stephen, now 17 continues to be educated. He becomes extremely interested in the stars after witnessing the comet. 12 of the new ships are dispatched to search beyond the Philadelphian Canal, after several weeks the ships reach make contact with the Mughal Empire; a trade offer is made to increase relations. 
 * The Consulate of Bulgaria: The economy continues to grow. The printing press spreads south into Bulgaria just as in Rumania. Ties with Rumania are strengthened; hundreds of Romanians move into the country, seeking cheap and productive land, and intermarriage becomes very common. Bulgarians also begin to migrating to trade towns in Romania to seek more economic opportunities.
 * Caucasian Confederation: As Alexandria triumphs in its war with Ethiopia, Crown Prince Ishak personally extends his congratulations to Ethiopia's new King Kafta; the Caucasian expeditionary force returns home to the Confederation's member nations, having fulfilled its mission. As Alexsaportu officially opens for business, fairly large quantities of resources begin flowing northward from the Persian Gulf. This influx of exotic goods - and the subsequent commercial struggle that erupts between the mercantile houses interested in acquiring and selling them - triggers expansion in the Caucasian economies. On the diplomatic front, the Caucasian kingdoms now officially request permission from the Raja of Gujarat to construct a trading outpost at the mouth of the Sabatmati [OTL Khambhat] to enable trade between our two nations. [ Mod response needed! ]
 * In the Kingdoms of Ayutthaya, prosperity reigns. The practice of making nobles send their children to the city of Ayutthaya continues. The capital becomes a center for learning throughout the region. We continue to maintain influence over our region and our vassals. Malay military units in the armies of Ayutthaya continue to mop up the survivors of what has widely become known as the Peasant's Revolt, though at this point, they are more concerned with ensuring that such things will never occur again by helping with harvests, building infrastructure, etc. At the same time, the troops also help to rebuild towns, farms, and infrastructure damaged by the fighting. A new ship is developed by the Ayutthaya navy, one capable of sailing for thousands of miles, approximately 200 feet from bow to stern, and these are built extensively in the navy, with four being created in this year alone, with a  tonnage of about 15,000 tons We continue to trade extensively with the region, especially Bengal, Japan and China. Following the landing in the Kongo, however, interest declines once more there, and increases more in the Philidelphi. We begin to trade significantly with the Romans, with whom we have a trading treaty, and with the Hungarians through them. The Spire of Indaraja continues to be built, with it almost being completed, a mere eight years expected left for it. The armies of Ayutthaya continue to train, with new anti-cannon tactics being used by cavalry in order to defeat the guns of enemies easily. At the same time, the military expands its usage of big guns, including siege guns and hand cannons. Meanwhile, the T̄hnn k̄hxng phracêā, or "Road of God", is constructed across our vassals in Malaysia, a giant trade road that starts in Malacca and ends in the southernmost corner of the Majapahit, and will be completed in 1505. Another road, the T̄hnn thxng, or "Road of Gold", is constructed across Mainland Ayutthaya, which will be completed in 1500. The three religions of Ayutthaya continue to peacefully co-exist. However, the religion of the "Purists" continues to spread. A noble in North Ayutthaya declares himself to be Purist- the King responds by having him publicly executed, locking up his family, and installing a Hindu technocrat to power. While popular throughout the nation, this act annoys a small percentage of the population - around the 5% who declare themselves Purists. The engineers of Ayutthaya construct a gigantic siege gun, some 15 meters from barrel to end. 20 are built for use by the military.. All vassals - Aru, the Majapahit, Siak, and Aceh - develop their economies. We agree to the Marriyuwuyanga terms, and give them medicines to cure their "curse".
 * Austria: This turn in both our nation and in all our vassals is dedicated to military. We train and expand our military using new experience from recent wars, and grow our nation economically. In Morocco our position in Melilla is fortified. All fortifications around the region are rebuilt and manned by stationed guards in case of an attack. To protect Melilla the construction of a fortress outside the city is considered, although postponed for now. The port of Melilla is rebuilt to begin operations as a trade port and military outpost. Construction continues on a shipyard in the Melilla port to facilitate the construction and repair of friendly ships. Melilla is granted a permanent naval garrison in the city’s port. To respond to dangers in the area, and to support the small garrison on land who mans the fortifications. Our position in Morocco is fortified by re-inforcements, bringing Melilla operational against attacks. For now a small fleet is stationed in its harbor, while its garrison continues to hold the north and its supply lines, supporting our Christian brethren. With much of the Muslim population of Melilla left dead after the war against Morocco, the local government attempts to entice settlers by offering large quantities of land to Christian settlers. Many Europeans, particularly of German descent and/or from central Europe begin settling the area around Melilla. With finances from Augsburg-based banking establishments, the Trieste Company continues to launch expeditions to West Africa. Abrechtburg has grown to a decently sized settlement, supporting a population of farmers, traders, and a small garrison of soldiers. The town also houses a well furbished fort, armed with a small amount of cannons intended to defend the settlement and the harbor from any attack. Built out of necessity, the port at Abrechtburg is refurbished and expanded to support more trade ships, and allied countries are welcomed to trade and stay in the town. The second largest settlement in Westenland, Dominusburg, follows suit, finishing the construction of a port similar to Abrechtburg ‘s. Trade posts continue to be built and exploited, now numbering several dozen along the coast of Westenland and into allied territory. Our reliance on the Wolof becomes less so, but we sign a trade agreement with their nation to continue our positive relationship. Deals are made with the Wolof for slaves and other goods. Conversion of the natives begin around the settlement. Several bimereiches and caravels begin construction in Trieste, Melilla, Corfu, and other ports, to further facilitate and protect overseas trade. Trade is increased with the Grand Duchy of Bavaria and other trade partners, bringing about new avenues of trade and commerce. We disapprove of the actions the nation of Venice has undertaken against our allies, and we secretly begin planning an attack if necessary. The postal system across Austria continues to grow. Ships begin trading with our allies in Alexandria and with several states past the canal.
 * Trier: We dedicate this turn to military, as do our vassals. The states around us are influenced. Trade routes are established, opening trade among Hesse, Cologne, and Austria and her vassals. To improve infrastructure we begin building several defenses, and roads to link towns across the nation. Fortifications around our capital are improved and updated.
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Grand Duchess Eleanor formally opens relations with Saxony and Thuringia, offering alliances and trade pacts. Landshut expands its military. The population continues to rise. Grand Duchess Eleanor and her council continue to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with twenty-five very large cogs being finished, and by 1492 a trade route is put in place. Such important places in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany, due to a longstanding trade deal. Continuing in 1492, Eleanor commissions six cogs to sail around western Mediterranean coasts. The market center in Landshut continues to attract Bavarian and Venetian traders. In religious news, around 76% of the country adheres to the Western Church. Most adherents live around Munchen and Landshut. In other news, Bavaria continues implementing the Alliance and Merchant Act as well as the Militia and Navy Act. Eleanor ends her predecessor's policies of advancing Sedevanticism in the government. As the new Grand Duchess, Eleanor continues to vet and interrogate most of the powerful nobles of Bavaria. To work more efficiently, she appoints Vallerio Volpe as her spymaster. By the end of the year, Eleanor hosts a more developed middle class in Trausnitz than her numerous predecessors had. This earns her the sobriquet "The Middling Queen" to flavor the already popular "Merchant Queen" title. In other news, Eleanor continues to develop her cousin's seemingly successful administrative policies. Court physicians continue to bathe in religious ceremonies, hoping to appease God. In national news, the common courts continue to be implemented around Bavaria as several of the lower class make use it of. The serf laws begin to be used as well. While not extremely active, as many as three dozen serfs earn their freedom by the end of the year. Many freed serfs find work and home in the cities, while others continue to informally live on their lords' lands. This situation becomes a status quo and is foreseen to last the century. Many skeptics of Eleanor's reforms predict they will not affect Bavaria much until 1500. In educational news, Eleanor expresses interest of opening the Queen Isabell University to more men. Eleanor further incorporates the Collegiate Writs, allowing many more lower class men to enter college, after an exchange of 100 ducats and an agreement to lodge within the college. In legal news, Eleanor continues to introduce the Bavarian Commands, which are a set of laws pertaining to the royalty and the priveleges of the head. In royal news, Prince Franz-Albert marries Margaret Volpe, daughter of Vallerio Volpe. She is 26 years old, while Franz-Albert is 29. By late April, they have their first child. It is a son, whom Franz names Heinrich after his great-grandfather.
 * Munchen: By 1492, the total class of Queen Isabell University amounts to about 3900 men. Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Wurzburg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. The clergy of Wurzburg find small solace as the Grand Duchess is the somewhat temperate, analytic Eleanor.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire continues to expand its trade north toward Scandinavia and east toward India. The Empire puts forward a request to the Indian states asking for trade privileges as they see fit. The navy continues to work on the Venetian Carro and Scandinavian Karak designs, seeking to combine the two into a powerful ship capable of both war and oversea travel. The military continues to make use of the advanced firing mechanisms created by de Patra. The four cities in the Levant are further strenghened by the addition of two thousand troops and at least twenty carros and galleys. This allows the cities to take aggressive action against the disorganized remnants surrounding them, and the cities expand along the coast 50 px. This promising success leads Emperor Thomas I to consider the possibility of putting a Roman military governor there, reviving the idea of Exarchs and Exarchates With the increased Roman presence in the Levant, the Empire considers the alliance offer of Aleppo. The government decides to ask for stronger ties and trade relations without accepting an outright alliance at the moment, seeking to know more about the nation's position toward Christians.
 * Albania: The national military continues to expand. The cavalry units that are trained begin to see effective service and become renowned in the nation for their dedication and bravery.
 * Grand Duchy of Moscow: The nation of Muscovy begins trading along routes routing through the nation of Novgorod and its vassals, and the nation of Pskov. Money collected through trade and taxation is saved this year in the Muscovite treasury in case of an emergency. Trade routes are established between the nations of Poland, Hungary, Rumania, and the Roman Empire, and we promote friendly relations with all these nations. We become closer to Novgorod through trade, relying on Novgorod for safe land routes into our northern territory. The nations of the Ukraine continue to be vassalized. In case of attack we expand our military, recruiting free levies from our cities to protect local regions of our nation. Pikes and crossbows become common equipment in some units after they begin to be produced locally to outfit local regiments. Bowmen continue to be an essential part of our military to provide support for melee units, with some gunpowder weaponry being used. In major cities kremlins are upgraded and outfitted with modern equipment and dedicated garrisons to combat any threat or invasion. The largest kremlin, located in Moscow, is especially upgraded, with new walls being added that are wider and can hold cannons. Italian architects are also invited to our courts to design certain aspects of the city. By this time much of the population of our northern territory is converted to Christianity, and the fear of Dmitri the Impaler convinces many to remain that way, preventing the spread of unwanted foreign ideals. We hope to improve relations with the Tartary for now, so that our nations can prevent fighting in the future. We continue the construction of the fortress of Dmitrigorod facing Narva. This turn is officially dedicated to military.
 * Lithuania: This turn is officially dedicated to military. Trade between Moscow, Prussia and other nations helps to amass wealth, which is partially used to finance infrastructural projects and military fortifications.
 * Zapotec: Trade continues with the Spanish. Tlaco II expands roadways connecting cities in the alliance to help merchants and soldiers move more freely between them. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. In the coastal regions under Danibaan's influence, more boats are created. Tlaco II orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Trade with the Aztecs commences after years of stagnation under Tlaco I. Trade continues with the Aztec break-away states and the Mayans.
 * Dai Viet: This turn is officially dedicated to economic expansion. The nation of Dai Viet begins expanding its military to protect the nation against any foreign attack. The government begins an active role in equipping some units, using its funds to ensure that the entirety of the militia is equipped with pikes and swords. Crossbows also begin to be used in select units, who are trained to be most effective during cavalry charges and to provide support for our infantry. Government forces are called and put to the test securing our southern border, garrisoning in recently acquired territory. Alongside expanding ground forces, the government also sees to need to expand naval forces, a process that began several decades ago. Small ships capable of longer journeys are constructed in major port cities, and cities in the south along the coast are expanded to facilitate naval activity on par with our northern cities. Trade ships are attracted to our major ports from nearby nations. Facilities are upgraded to better facilitate trade. With several dozen small trade ships and warships under the command of the government vassals, and several ships under its personal command, the government orders a series of operations in the east waters of the nation, hoping to root out pirates and protect trade routes. As a test of our navy, our largest warships, equipped with cannons and other weapons, make several expeditions around the Biển Đông (South China Sea). Several more trade posts are established in the Philippines.
 * Hungary and all its vassals and puppets and states in personal union work on expanding their armed forces. There is an increase in trading between them all, along with increased trading with Moscovy and thus allows economic growth. Road construction also continues as for greater trade, better infrastructure is needed. Hungary also focuses highly on building better naval ships and upgrading old ships as well as putting many obsolete ships into retirement. Trade deals are worked out with the Mughals and ships to be given to the Mughals set off on their journey to the east, protected by more ships. Ladislaus, having returned from his trips, decides he would like to visit the east to see how things fuction. King Sigismund trusts Ladislaus to sign favourable trade deals on the behalf of Hungary as he is his good friend Lord Garai's son. Ladislaus shows an interest in learning more about the world and science in general as well as the way things work - thus his interest in the Mughal archives. They reach the Mughal Empire and begin to negociate greater deals with the Emperor. Work on the hybrid ships is completed and they are soon launched to sea. They are the fastest ships in the Hungarian fleet and are immediately sent to the Atlantic to explore north as well as make contact with other nations and sign more trade deals with these nations. Out of the 20 ships constructed, ten are sent northward. These ships manage to get to the Faroe islands and Iceland in record time. Due to the fact the ships' primary mission is exploration and not trade, taking on supplies, it sets off to go farther west. War against Banu Sulaym continues, and begins to come toward an end as the lines begin to stabilise. Hungary also looks to increase its involvement within the EMTC.
 * Oyo Empire: The Oyo continue the expansion of their navy, and continue the development of their economy, military, and infrastructure to complement the expansion of the nation's population and regional influence. Oyo establishes a number of trade deals with the Burmese, facilitating the usage of a port in their lands to aid Oyo's trade fleets in the region. The port will remain under Burmese control, but the Oyo ships will be granted special privileges, such as food, fresh water, women, and board. This bolsters the Burmese economy near the port, as well as Oyo's ability to operate in South East Asia in addition to the ports Oyo operations out of in Malaysia and India.

1493
'''Some of the first cases of smallpox break out in the Aztec, Zapotec and Mayan lands with the disease beginning to spread rapidly throughout the populace. '''

'''Umm, how? '''

'''Championed by Chancellor Magnus von Habsburg, the Imperial Protection Act is officially passed after an unanimous vote on the floor of the Reichstag. The Reichsarmee is officially created, and for now waits demobilized until called upon by the Imperial Diet. '''

A Milanese mathematician publishes the Summa de arithmetica, geometria, proportioni et proportionalità, which contains the first printed account of algebra in the vernacular and the first published description of the double-entry accounting system.

'''I am too lazy/tired to find the actual post right now, so Eip, your mod request has been granted. Have a good day. -MP No offense, but this is kind of confusing. The event could be anything, yet it's been 12 hours since the turn started and nobody still knows what Eip requested. (Insert Sig Here)'''

'''I sent MP a message about what it was about, the royal marriage, and he said he would look at it after a project he was completing. I'm assuming he was simply tired after completing said project, and simply went off what I copy-pasted from the request into his PM. Eiplec - ಠ_ಠ (talk)'''
 * Portugal: Continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Leiname. By this time, the colony in Leiname starts to export wheat to Portugal. Meanwhile, some Portuguese explorers continue to explore the African coast. The Açores continue to be settled. Meanwhile, the new ships that been developed, called naus, and that are similar to the Castilian carracks, begin to be used. Naval explorations directed to the west begin, after news that new lands may have been found there. Meanwhile, Urraca, after receiving the Austrian answer, tries to arrange the marriage of Prince Afonso with Sophia of Austria.
 * Prussia: The Prussians begin to develop their military. The Prussians continue to build their new navy.
 * Courland: The Curonians also continue developing their military.
 * Ossel-Wiek: Ossel-Wiek also continues developing their military. Duke Franz continues to reshape the face of Arenburg.
 * Zapotec: Several cases of a new disease occur. Some are calling it a curse from the gods. The emperor appeals to their new trade partners, the Spanish, to see if they know of the cure to this disease. Trade continues with the Spanish. Tlaco II expands roadways connecting cities in the alliance to help merchants and soldiers move more freely between them. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. In the coastal regions under Danibaan's influence, more boats are created. Tlaco II orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Trade with the Aztecs commences after years of stagnation under Tlaco I. Trade continues with the Aztec break-away states the Mayans.
 * |onte continues to have a large surplus of grain. Though adopting "western farming", the idea of "the tribe" is still very much so alive, as people always share the crops they have grown, or the animals they have hunted amongst the community. Mon advocates the planting of trees in small groves. Throughout the year, Mon goes elephant hunting, though it is very dangerous, as he is hunting them with arquebuses, and the whole process requires much co-ordination. However, the results are said to be spectacular, as the tribe gains new wealth in the collected ivory, and the elephant meat is considered a rarity. The season resulted in six elephants being killed. Much of the younger generation knows how to hunt, and begin to help their parents, increasing the prosperity of the tribe. Not only do they know how to hunt, but in accordance with tribal tradition, each one of them may become a warrior if the need be, trained both in the arquebus and the bow, though the arquebus is gaining much ground against the arrow.
 * Madagasikara experiences cultural conversion on an ever increasing scale as Christianity, Spanish, and Swahili influences all converge on the island. The bishop works to convert people in both the inner parts of the island and those in other Swahili states. The Inquisition becomes less effective after years of fulfilling its purpose and is planned to be closed next year, after being credited with 20,000 conversions alone. Population growth continues and also reflects more half-Spaniard births. Malagasy culture adopts features from Swahili and Spanish influences. In Betsileo, reconstruction is effectively over and cultural conversion, as well as religious assimilation take place throughout the nation. Swahili and Spanish culture also disseminate new ideas. Pembara, Maputo and Sofala all continue to grow stronger in Christian faith as well as continuing to merge with Malagasy culture. All three states expand slowly, with Maputo heading south while Sofala and Pembara both grow northward. Military turn
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The news of the new lands are interesting to the king, yet he dismisses them as not pointless as it would take too long for now for there to be an exploration party there and that the main concern of the king is to establish his influence over all territories under his control. and to launch the final strike at Muslim North Africa. While this, in Artois a priest whose father was Dutch married to a French peasant begins preaching to avoid the Papacy's great mistake such as the lack of recognition of the Greek Rome during the crisis that nearly destroyed it, and the fact that the schism wasn't solved until the other side chose to talk. He begins preaching about a headless church with several similarities to that of the Dutch and the Catholic. He's called Louis Ebrecht. The monarchy decides to ignore him, and to reassure its people that it stands by the side of the church. However, insisting in the sole reason of the French church (as refered to its governing group) to recognize the Pope - yet to be independent.
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up. Economy expands.
 * Albret: Military and economy are built up.
 * Nemour: Military and economy are built up.
 * Guyenne: Military and economy are built up.
 * Berry: Military and economy are built up.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up.
 * Armagnac: Military and economy are built up.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy are built up.
 * Sardinia: Military and economy are built up.
 * Basel: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aargau: Military and economy are built up. The French presence begins to be felt. However, the attempts to establish a pro-Germanic government in order to avoid eventual uprisings, internal vassalization begins as well to fully convince German leadership.
 * Foix: Military and economy are built up.
 * La marche: Military and economy are built up.
 * Limoges Military and economy are built up.
 * Nevers:  Military and economy are built up.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. The native population drops to 450,000 (from around 750,000 in the region) due mostly to the plague and the war. French nobles begin to arrive due to the relative power void. While this, the French navy begins docking in Tunis, soon renamed Carthage.
 * Marrikuwuyanga Empire: The 17-year old curse that had ravaged the Holy Land had finally come to an end. Emperor Yada Gulpilil had declared that he had cast out the demons and brought an end to the curse. He had every person treated with the Ayutthaya medicine and had made it clear that the Ayutthaya were actually men from the spirit world whom Emperor Yada had summoned. Whatever rubbish he spat out at them, the Marrikuwuyanga would believe it and rumours of Emperor Yada's divinity had spread to other tribes as well who had many of their men, hastily sent to Marrikuwuyanga territory in order to witness the miracle. Meanwhile, the Emperor agreed to allow the Ayutthaya to settle at the northern coast of the Tiwi Islands but soon, however, relocated them to OTL Northern Australia for Emperor Yada found the Ayutthaya and their resources quite useful. Sometime between August and September, Emperor Yada had one of the Ayutthaya women kidnapped and turned into a concubine and encouraged, if not forced, the Ayutthaya merchants to worship him. The Marrikuwuyanga continued to build up their military.
 * The Nation of the Oirats: Cement and iron increase in production. Iron weapons are now majorly used. As we increase in population, we slowly target our expansion northward. We expand 50 px to the north. We continue to develop our firearms. We continue to study the printing press and make more of them. We buy more books from China. We continue making more muskets. We now have 10,000 primitive musketeers. We begin building up our military and create even tougher practices. We expand our settlement at North Baikal Lake. We decide to have a census and we discover we have a population of seven million. (If anyone questions our speedy population increase, that is because the older censuses are only for the clan of the Khan, but by now, we have centralized and seven million is our total pop.)
 * Oirat D: We ask Moghul Empire, Tartary and Jianzhou Jurchens to form the Great Eurasian Alliance with us.
 * Can someone please create my expansion on the map? I have expanded 50 px each year for a long time, but the map never shows it.
 * County of Oldenburg: The military is built up and improved, especially on the East Frisian Islands, and the two colonies; where the forts are strengthened by the addition of small cannon. OHG ships sail even farther west than ever before, finding bountiful whale, seal and walrus populations. Crown Princess Adelheid is still in search of a husband.
 * Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: All town lands previously owned by councils and landlords is now in the hands of the Catholic Church In Oldenburg. Tenants now pay rent dirctly to the Church, thereby increasing the Bishopric's revenues substantially.
 * Bavarian Dip: Prince Franz-Albert, heir to the Bavarian throne and unfortunately a recent widower, is open to marry the Crown Princess Adelheid. Franz-Albert already has two children, that of Prince Heinrich and Princess Eleanor.
 * Oldenburger Diplomacy: Count Christian VI kindly and respectfully declines Franz-Albert's offer, as the fact that he has children already is seen as potentially confusing the order of succession.
 * Bengal Sultanate: The decrease in taxes on the landed elite does its job in most areas of the Sultanate, decreasing the tax load on the peasantry and earning him their support. The tax cuts on the merchant class allow for more trade to be conducted, and a recent lax on some of the quota laws allows for more goods to be shipped from Bengal, greatly increasing trade income. Trade with the state of Ava continues, with influence being placed through trade on Ava. Cash crops continue to be grown in large amounts. With our merchants traveling to Ava, Koch, Ahom and Arakan regularly, Islam continues to grow in their nations. Most all trade roads begin to see much-needed maintenance. Due to Bengal having control over lands of multiple ethnicities and religions, literary works in the form of poems and epics continue to take influence from all three religions of the Sultanate. Urdu, also called Hindi by some, becomes more common in the Sultanate due to the mixing of Hindu and Islamic ideals. We continue to help finance the Plutocratic State of Jaunpur, Delhi Sultanate and Bahamani Sultanate by sending gifts directly to the nobles/sultans, offering loans from powerful trade bankers, and decreasing the trade taxes over all of Bengal, allowing more of our merchant goods to travel into those states. We also raise a portion of the Sultan's personal levy and then divide it to be sent out to the states' leaders, so that they can do with them what they wish in order to maintain order in their nation. The construction of schools and universities several years ago has led to an increase in scholars and literacy in our nation. Due to the removal of trade barriers among a majority of states in the Indian League, their merchants and ours begin to travel with increased mobility and goods, thereby increasing the trade income and output in the agreeing nations. With the plague being considered a far less threat now than it previously was, restrictions on trade and laws on inheritance/assests are changed to pre-plague laws. Due to the return to a high volume of trade after managing to work with a far smaller volume during the plague, investments by landed elites into expansion of their plantations, mines and levies increase exponentially. In the newly conquered lands of Ava, road construction continues, so as to bring several of the Avanese cities into the large network of trade and travel roads that criss-cross the Bengali Sultanate and its vassals. Some local officials are coercied into telling their less than Islamic subjects that life under the Sultanate is far greater for both their livelihoods and their culture than it was under an oppressive Avanese royal family. The wedding of the Princess of Vijaynagar and the Sultan of Bengal is held within the capital, Padua, of Bengal. Before this, however, one night of singing and dancing occurs in both the home of the Princess and the home of the Sultan before the day of the wedding. On the day of the wedding, the Raja of Vijaynagar promises his daughter's hand to the groom as is tradition for both nations. As vows are recited in seven steps, the Sultan and Princess hold their hands willingly close to a fire to signify their union. Once the official vows have been stated, the Sultan presents gifts to his bride's family and extends the celebrations for two more days. The entire palace of the Sultan is decorated with a variety of colors, ribbons and other colorful and festive decorations. After several days of celebration, the Raja's family departs from Bengal, leaving behind their daughter to live with her husband.
 * ​Emirate of Andamana: Illyas-Sasaska continues to reclaim land on the island to make room for farms, and to have timber for building both boats and houses. The Emirate expands another 500 km onto the island. The ships built by the timber from the island help contribute to Bengali trade. Continues working on economy and infrastructure.
 * Rajya of Orissa: Kapilendra Deva continues to listen to his advisors and bring about several reforms to his nation that make it more Islamic friendly, one of which is new, and calls for the creation of one mosque for each Hindu temple in the name of tolerance, when in reality, his advisors have prescribed this to bring about larger Islamic influence.
 * Swargadeo of Kamarupa: Now vassalized by Bengal, the Swargadeo of Ahom continues to receive extensive help in creating viable farmland. They do this by continuing a process of land reclamation in the northern part of the state, which is largely marshy and thinly populated. This process of reclamation begins by using dikes, embankments and irrigation systems. The land reclamation, having been going on for decades, is extremely successful in creating viable farmland for rice, grain and other staple crops, increasing Kamarupa's population and their yearly trade output.
 * Aleppo Eyalet: We build up our military and navy. We expand 15 px south and west. Our agriculture industry increases due to a huge boom in our population. The king tries to continue to westernise our country to be like the European countries. In this process we continue westernization and try to change our religion from Islam to Aleppo Eyaletian Orthodox. We make maps of outside routes to use to connect to our trade routes of our country. We continue to build dromon and goke ships for our navy. Most of our port cities are finished being refixed. We start to export w<span style="color:rgb(14,34,51);font-family:'OpenSans',arial,sans-serif;line-height:23px;">heat, legumes, tobacco, sesame, vegetables, and barley. Besides food we also export tungsten - a type of metal that is very strong. Since tungsten is very rare, we sell it at a high price to other countries. Our country has opened its borders. We allow anyone to come into our nation. The reason for this is because of westernization. Our military starts to  develop firearms. We continue to study the printing press and make more of them. We buy more books from the Roman Empire. We start making more muskets for our troops.
 * Scandinavian Empire: The economy is expanded as Scandinavia improves its merchant fleet. New Found Land is mapped by more cartographers this year, though a particularly bad winter threw a wrench in the plans of many cartographers this year. Scandinavia gives new and improved ship plans to the Byzantine Empire this year.
 * Mughal Empire:The expansion of the navy continues as Mirza sees potential in a developed navy and marine industry. As the Hungarians request information from Mughali archives, copies are made using the metalblock printing press. Emperor-Khan Mirza requests a tutor from Hungary who will teach him the Humgarian language.
 * Netherlands: Trade continues to grow and the lucrative business allows far greater works of art and science back home, along with permitting the development of a new class of merchants who live increasingly lavish lives. The Merchant Guild continues to organize the Kingdom's trade routes and as such gains major influences within the States-General, their interest in expanding trade leads to the final authorization of an expedition west to map out and look at economic potential of the New World. Maurice is thrilled at the thoughts and personally pays for half of the expedition's costs. miltary and naval expansion continue. The settlements of New Friesland and Nassau continue to grow as Dutch traders are now protected by fortresses from which they do business with local African tribes in the region. Trade with the indians and with the Malay also expand greatly particularly with Sunda, Bengal and the Mughal. Dutch interests in Sunda and the Moluccas continue to grow, Traders try to learn the local languages while they attempt to teach Dutch and French so that communication will become easier, while the Dutch also offer to teach these languages to the ruling elite of the Indian states and the Thai. Orientalism continues to grow. The situation for the small Catholic minority continues to improve as they are granted special status by the crown. The Jews are also granted the right to move around within the Kingdom of the Netherlands freely, while the borders remain open to all Jews who are looked down upon in the rest of Europe, Reformists who live outside the Kingdom of the Netherlands are also welcome to come live within the nation should they feel unwelcome in their homeland.
 * Caucasian Confederation: The continued influx of exotic goods from the Persian Gulf triggers expansion in the Caucasian economies. On the diplomatic front, the Caucasian kingdoms request permission from the Raja of Gujarat to construct a trading outpost at the mouth of the Sabatmati [OTL Khambhat] to enable trade between our two nations. [ Mod response needed! ]
 * Oman: The merchant fleet is expanded more as the trade of spices spreads to new lands in Europe and in the east. Exploration vessels heading down the coast of Africa round the southern tip for the first time, and the area down the coast is thoroughly mapped. The military fleet continues to be expanded. (sorry for the short turn, really busy right now)
 * Hamburg-Mecklenburg: Military and economy expanded. The first ships sent to India return, turning back after reaching the southern point. Whaling and exploring along Greenland continues, as is the taxes paid to Oldenburg. While on the subject of Oldenburg, Duke Friedrich offers to marry Crown Princess Adelheid.
 * Magdeburg: military and economy expanded.
 * County of Oldenburg: The marriage proposal is accepted, although Count Christian VI stipulates that Oldenburg and Hamburg are not to become in personal union (so the second son/daughter of Frederich and Adelheid will inherit Oldenburg whilst the elder inherits Hamburg [as the larger of the two])
 * Hamburgian Dip: The stipulation is agreed to.
 * Eire (Member Nation of the UKGA): Following the formation of Eire, the Norman Rebellions and years of consolidation of power by the king, the feudal system, much more recently established in Eire than the rest of Europe, finally breaks down. The dukes of the five provinces of Eire are all dead, their lands held by the king, and the old heads of clans are now country gentlemen living out their lives on the edge of the newly-established towns, the only thing of note is them holding a place in the King's Clan Assembly, styled after the English House of Lords. Nationalism is beginning to supplant feudalism. The people of Eire, who have loved the king and his policies for the advancement of the common folk begin to think of themselves as Eirics, with their own nation and church rather than O'Brians, O'Kennedys, or members of another clan. The old clan system finally breaks down, and in its place is a modern European nation with its eyes to the future. Indeed it was symbolic that in 1486, the old king, Eamon died in his sleep, a hero that matched, and even surpassed his father in places. His son, Tomas II, rises to the throne. Tomas, a bookish fellow who has his nose in tales about old Eire, and Albion has developed a sense of history that makes him into an effective ruler, that uses lessons from the past often. His first edict is to maintain the roads that brought Eire together with a civilian guard. These reforms make the roads safer for trade, and as a result, trade on the island blossoms. The middle class, having grown over the past 85 years until it has made a sizable part of the population. Fledgling merchant guilds begin to spring up, especially after the complete fall of feudalism. We add the recently acquired cannons to our military and begin to use early gunpowder weapons, as gunpowder has been used amongst the populace for a certain amount of time and it is quite easy to acquire. Levies are trained in the use of gunpowder weapons, though we outlaw the unsanctioned creation of it to prevent bombs from being created by the populace. We begin trading with the the Oldenburger colonies in the "Ice-Land", despite the actual amount of money being made from the trade being low, many wealthy Eirics buy seal fur products and enjoy them, allowing a small but thriving trade with Oldenburg to blossom, and it prompts an era of exploration and new interest in the tales of "St Brendan's Land" and "Hy-Brasil", as many ambitious upper-classmen seek to fund exploration to new lands to find new sources of the seal products and the fabled brazilwood at "Hy-Brasil" Eoghan O'Brian embarks on his first voyage into the Atlantic, and returns empty-handed. The King, being no stranger to those legends himself, begins to commission expeditions into the Atlantic, with the old hulks and cogs being made smaller and sleeker and more akin to Mediterranean long-distance vessels. As the situation in Venice is becoming unstable, we take over Ballydrogheda until they are able to resume operations in this far region. We offer Venetians passage back to Venice, yet many, who are Irish in all but heritage spread out into the countryside or stay at the port city. The comet scares some, with a minor riot happening in Connaucht, but Eamon II believes it is an omen from God that He has not forgotten Eire and what it has done to found the Western Church, the One True Faith.
 * In the Kingdoms of Ayutthaya, prosperity reigns. The practice of making nobles send their children to the city of Ayutthaya continues. The capital becomes a center for learning throughout the region. We continue to maintain influence over our region and our vassals. Malay military units in the armies of Ayutthaya continue to mop up the survivors of what has widely become known as the Peasant's Revolt, though at this point, they are more concerned with ensuring that such things will never occur again by helping with harvests, building infrastructure, etc. At the same time, the troops also help to rebuild towns, farms, and infrastructure damaged by the fighting. A new ship is developed by the Ayutthaya navy, one capable of sailing for thousands of miles, approximately 200 feet from bow to stern, and these are built extensively in the navy, with four being created in this year alone, with a  tonnage of about 15,000 tons We continue to trade extensively with the region, especially Bengal, Japan and China. Following the landing in the Kongo, however, interest declines once more there, and increases more in the Philidelphi. We begin to trade significantly with the Romans, with whom we have a trading treaty, and with the Hungarians through them. The Spire of Indaraja continues to be built, with it almost being completed, a mere seven years expected left for it. Following the Marrikuwuyanga attempts to make some of the Ayutthayan merchants worship their emperor (which fail), the Ayutthayans begin to send Hindu and Buddhist priests to convert some of the population of the Marrikuwuyanga to those religions. As the Ayutthayans are viewed almost like gods in much of that nation, conversion moves swiftly. The loss of the Ayutthayan is chalked up to an accident in the sea, a tragic loss. The armies of Ayutthaya continue to train, with new anti-cannon tactics being used by cavalry in order to defeat the guns of enemies easily. At the same time, the military expands its usage of big guns, including siege guns and hand cannons. Meanwhile, the T̄hnn k̄hxng phracêā, or "Road of God", is constructed across our vassals in Malaysia, a giant trade road that starts in Malacca and ends in the southernmost corner of the Majapahit, and will be completed in 1505. Another road, the T̄hnn thxng, or "Road of Gold", is constructed across Mainland Ayutthaya, which will be completed in 1500. The three religions of Ayutthaya continue to peacefully co-exist. However, the religion of the "Purists" continues to spread, to the point where a significant portion of the populace in Northern Ayutthaya is Purist. A group known as the "Hand of God" begins to carry out attacks on Muslims, and are declared to be traitors and renegades by the King, who orders them to be hunted down like bandits. All vassals - Aru, the Majapahit, Siak, and Aceh - develop their economies. Talks begin to perhaps make the Aceh a Kingdom of Ayutthaya - still a vassal, but closer to annexation. A treaty is expected by 1495, and our faithful allies, who have supported us for 35 years continue to do so.
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Grand Duchess Eleanor formally opens relations with Saxony and Thuringia, offering alliances and trade pacts. Landshut expands its military. The population continues to rise. Grand Duchess Eleanor and her council continue to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with twenty-five very large cogs being finished, and by 1493 a trade route is put in place. Such important places in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany, due to a longstanding trade deal. Continuing in 1493, Eleanor commissions six cogs to sail around western Mediterranean coasts. The market center in Landshut continues to attract Bavarian and Venetian traders. In religious news, around 76% of the country adheres to the Western Church. Most adherents live around Munchen and Landshut. In other news, Bavaria continues implementing the Alliance and Merchant Act as well as the Militia and Navy Act. Eleanor ends her predecessor's policies of advancing Sedevanticism in the government. As the new Grand Duchess, Eleanor continues to vet and interrogate most of the powerful nobles of Bavaria. To work more efficiently, she appoints Vallerio Volpe as her spymaster. By the end of the year, Eleanor hosts a more developed middle class in Trausnitz than her numerous predecessors had. This earns her the sobriquet "The Middling Queen" to flavor the already popular "Merchant Queen" title. In other news, Eleanor continues to develop her cousin's seemingly successful administrative policies. Court physicians continue to bathe in religious ceremonies, hoping to appease God. In national news, the common courts continue to be implemented around Bavaria as several of the lower class make use it of. The serf laws begin to be used as well. While not extremely active, as many as three dozen serfs earn their freedom by the end of the year. Many freed serfs find work and home in the cities, while others continue to informally live on their lords' lands. This situation becomes a status quo and is foreseen to last the century. Many skeptics of Eleanor's reforms predict they will not affect Bavaria much until 1500. In educational news, Eleanor expresses interest of opening the Queen Isabell University to more men. Eleanor further incorporates the Collegiate Writs, allowing many more lower class men to enter college, after an exchange of 100 ducats and an agreement to lodge within the college. In legal news, Eleanor continues to introduce the Bavarian Commands, which are a set of laws pertaining to the royalty and the priveleges of the head. In royal news, Princess Margaret has a daughter, whom she names Eleanor after her mother-in-law, the Grand Duchess. However, tragedy thrusts the royal family into sadness when Margaret Volpe is injured from a fall in late April. She falls seriously ill with infection over the course of several months and dies in May. Prince Franz-Albert is incredibly affected by her death and resorts to shutting himself in his apartments for the rest of the year.
 * Munchen: By 1493, the total class of Queen Isabell University amounts to about 3900 men. Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Wurzburg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. The clergy of Wurzburg find small solace as the Grand Duchess is the somewhat temperate, analytic Eleanor.
 * Rumania: Mircea II, now 36, continues to work on improving the economy; Iron, Salt, and Coal mines dot the landscape. Coal begins to become a major resource produced. These mines provide the resources required by the foundries and traders on the coast. The Danube becomes a highway of commerce, hundreds of barges travel up and down its length transporting people, materials, goods, and ideas. The printing press continues to spread across Rumania. As much as 8.5% of the nation has reached basic literacy, and the Moralists promote education of commoners by priests, in order to give everyone the opportunity to read the bible. The Eastern Mediterranean trade Company grows as Hungary joins. Many Trade posts are built Stephen, now 18 continues to be educated. He becomes extremely interested in the stars after witnessing the comet. More research is made in the field of gunpowder weapons, and Stephen shows interest in the workings and mechanisms of such weapons. He begins to show signs of being a scholar; he uses all the time available to him to learn of the world, and even briefly travels to Constantinople where he learns of the fire-pumps which were invented some years ago. After viewing the machines in action, he returns to his apartment, where he sketches a design for a similar pump.
 * The Consulate of Bulgaria: The economy continues to grow. The printing press spreads south into Bulgaria just as in Rumania. Ties with Rumania are strengthened; hundreds of Romanians move into the country, seeking cheap and productive land, and inter-marriage becomes very common. Bulgarians also begin to migrating to trade towns in Romania to seek more economic opportunities. Bulgarian populations in Rumania now represent a large minority, and the same can be said about Romanians in Bulgaria.
 * Castile: The Castilian economy has massively swelled with thanks to the creation of the Spanish confederation and the addition of Aragon's trade and military fleet at Castile's disposal. Castile, as leader of the Spanish confederation, begins a series of economic and military reforms on all the kingdoms in order to expand all the local economies and militaries and centralize the confederation's economies in general. Castile at this point has explored farther down Africa establishing multiple trade posts along the way and reaching a point where the sea rounds the continent. However, the failure of supplies has led to this exploration fleet having to turn back. Castile has begun the development of a series of new ships meant to replace some of the aging designs and add some new innovations. The Castilian navy begins to replace multiple ships with the new carracks as some of the largest ships in the Castile fleet. The Castilian renaissance with the addition of Aragon's renaissance techniques has exploded significantly and with permission from the monarchy embroiled with organizing the Spanish confederacy and multiple projects the Renaissance has led to a mass amount of art and technological innovation being developed. King Ferdinand unable to resist the opportunity of the new lands heard of immediately commissions three separate trading companies to cross the seas and scout out these new lands. Leaving from multiple points the fleets reach the new lands and immediately go their separate ways. One fleet, the smallest of the three composing of seven ships, sails south mapping and cataloguing go much farther south than they believed finding a huge natural harbor. This hints to these men to be the perfect place for a trade outpost as well as a city in the future.. The Colony of Buenos Aires expands by (2 px) up the coast. The Castilian populace reaches about 9,2 million and growing. Hostility with one of the more recently contacted tribes leads to nearly 150 men coming from new ships arriving using guns and swords to interrogate information from captured tribesman. The Castilians hearing of white men disappearing in the Maya kingdom sends in troops from Castile to interrogate locals in the area. In this situation three Spaniards kill a group of Mayans and take multiple women hostage. This is created by a problem of language barriers and the superiority attitude of the Spanish. One ship leaves to call for help from the kingdom in order to prevent the Castilian traders from being evicted. Trade goes much better with Zapotec as gold and various other goods are transferred between the two nations.
 * Kingdom of Aragon: The Kingdom's navy the military navy in particular is given to a series of respected and well known Aragonians loyal to Castile. Aragon's assimilation into Castile cultural base begins due to many nobles now speaking Spanish (Castilian) which shows a notable effect of a few people especially merchants and some developing artisans which are currently able to speak the language proficiently. Aragonians spurred on by Prince Carlos to rebuild Zaragoza continue the work needed to rebuild the city and the various burned towns surrounding the city with the city being moderately repaired. For the time being, however, the capital of Aragon proper is migrated to Valencia. With Castilian assistance various infrastructural areas are rebuilt and the military is expanded to a token force of 10,000. Along with this support the Aragonian economy recovers slowly with a slow but controlled influx of Castilian economic aid helping Aragon recover. The ruling magistrate over Aragon signs a landmark trade deal with Castile which allows for Aragon's usage of Castile's large amounts of trade posts down the coast of Africa. The Aragonians now in control of the Spanish South African trading company fund the creation of the expansion of the Trade outpost into a formal colony to be settled much like Morocco and Granada were by Castile. The Colony of Cape Ferdinand expands 2 px up the coast. Its mostly populated by Castilians who are the main people moving to the colonies. Aragons population continues to be culturally integrated with the next generation speaking primarily spanish with Catalan being phased out by the newer generation.
 * Kingdom of Cyprus: The King of Cyprus is now King Alexander of Cyprus. The King of Cyprus begins to see Castilian culture not as a dominant force but a possible blendable culture that can fit well within Cypriot society. The economy and military of the country is built up as is the infrastructure with a nice road system being built throughout the country. Cyprus gaining large funds from being a Castilian trade hub, begins building a few ships domestically, and purchases ships from Castile, or her allies shipwrights forming a respectable Cypriot navy of almost 90 ships with expected expansion to come. This expansion has been achieved specifically thanks to huge amounts of outsourcing to private shipwrights. Cyprus begins to see an exodus of the Knights Hospitaller west to Castile and her territories and King Matthias begins a larger recruitment for the military managing to raise a force of nearly 10,000. This force is largely funded through the large trade Cyprus has gathered. The troops are styled after Castile's royal army and Cyprus embarks on an intense training program in order to bring them up to standards. The Knights, with many departing, also have many older and other knights stay due to their close ties with Cyprus. They remain to run the Knights Hospitaller in Cyprus for the foreseeable future while a large number have migrated across the sea. The Kingdom of Cyprus due to the recent issues in Castile reluctantly recognizes Carlos and his Regency for Prince Ferdinand. Cyprus itself with its fleet of nearly 100 ships begins to take after the Venetian example with trade and begins to put Cypriot merchant ships into state possession for trade in order to help with the kingdom's finances and heavy trade. This show immediate results as a relative increase in funding and attention to trade between Castile and her allies begins to improve the quality of trade. The Assassins Guild sets up in Cyprus looking to prevent issues in the kingdom with corruption and serving as their base into Muslim countries.
 * Kingdom of Morocco: The Kingdom establishes its capital in Casablanca and with this, begins a major point of establishing a major military presence in the area. The infrastructure, particularly in dealing with transport and water, is expanded to accommodate more people but the only people allowed to settle are Christians - particularly from Hispania. A notable number of Castilians settle the area. The leader of Morocco styled a king, out of respect deducts himself in rank to Prince of Morocco as the throne is only to be held by the King of Castile himself if it's ever required. The country begins the construction of various canals and cultivates trees farther inland to help increase arable farmland. The Moroccan economy continue to expand with greater trade coming from Castile and the Canaries all the way down to Capo Verde increasing the relative wealth. The Kingdom with many canals having been completed has vastly expanded its farmland among other things. Morocco's total population reaches nearly 750,000 with Christianity becoming dominant in the area. Calne-Vicuna is finished and is opened as an center for Christianity in North Africa with a library said to rival old Alexandria's. The Moroccan Assassins Guild forms and spreads keeping the peace and killing the corrupt as well as making morocco much more peaceful for Castilian Rule. Morocco sees the need to expand some territory south to own more of the lucrative trade coast and expands south down the coast by 1500 sq km
 * Kongo: The Kingdom begins to work toward a trade and production economy focusing on helping provide resources for Castile's burgeoning West African trade network. The King of the Kongo converting to Christianity and being baptised begins to call for the expansion of ports to the best of the Kongolese architects' abilities. With the King also adopts the name John, in favor of the king who began these exploratory operations down the coast of Africa. The King also organized a band of Christian soldiers who help keep the peace who also begin to help with conversions to Christianity as a series of missionaries and high level priests from the Western Church have come on a ship hearing of many pagans and heretics to convert. The King makes multiple successful campaigns against various of the petty kings in Kongo killing two of them and leaving the third on the run. The Christianization of multiple areas is completed and multiple others are begun. The Kingdom of the Kongo in an attempt to increase economic output and trade begins to export a moderate amount of raw materials to Castile and begins to push toward heavy exploitation methods if possible. The Kongo expands by 1000 sq km north.
 * Zapotec Diplomacy: The Emperor seeks a cure to the plague beginning to afflict the Zapotec Nation.
 * Castilian Dip: We will help.
 * Inca Empire: The civil war ends with an Inca victory. All vassals are incorporated into the empire ( they were unoffically, now it's more a formality.) Infrastructure is rebuilt. After careful consideration, the Sapa Inca decides construction of a new "Cuzco' (capital) is necessary to commemorate the end of the war. After searching through out the empire, he locates what he believes to be the perfect spot in the mountains (Machu Picchu) and deems it the new Cuzco. Reforms begin internally.
 * Fusahito Theocracy: The construction of the city of Sendai continues, although it is projected to be completed in three years. Priests from the Imperial Shinto Sect travel to the court of the Isshiki Daimyo and the surrounding countryside to begin the vassalisation of the state through the conversion of the population to the worship of the Emperor. Turn One of Two.
 * ​Toki State: After ten years of being a vassal and the completion of reforms to bring the state up to the level of the theocracy, the Toki state is fully integrated into the Empire, being declared a province.
 * The Tartary continues to expand its economy and military. The population continues to grow. Nenets people continue to drive out Russian settlers in Siberia, killing several and returning most into the European part of the nation. Most Russian settlers are expulsed by the native population. This is not condoned by the Tatar government, but almost the entirety of the population in the region is involved. However, increased interest in the area expands the Tatar territory by 3500 sq km through the northeast of the nation. The increased tensions between the two nations lead to the Tatars sending a diplomat to Moscow, asking them to stop their settling of Tatar territories but still seeking for good relationships. In fact, it promises that the Tatar government itself shall stop all Mastoravic missionaries that try to leave for Muscovy. Avvakum, who began schooling about two years ago, continues schooling. Alexander also does so. Another son is born to Theodore and his wife; his name is Hector, in the spirit of Theodore's Iliad-loving analogies. In the rest of the nation, an economic boom continues; the main cities all continue development.
 * Perm's economy grows, as does its military. The population also, miraculously, continues to grow. The trading influence of the  traders of the nation increases. Perm forces its merchants to stop teaching the Mastorava.
 * Adyghea continues to develop its economy. The ruble, pegged to the stavraton, is adopted. The population grows at last, as the plague burns itself out.
 * Kazakhstan sees more tribal leaders be murdered by the royal family. Khan Arslan marries to Theodore's young sister Irine, also a Christian.
 * Azov also develops its economy. More Tatars move into the region. The Crimean Gothic population throughout the Azovan Khanate continues to grow.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire continues to expand its trade and the newfound order and law in the Phoenician cities helps do just that. Another 1000 soldiers are sent to finish off the pacification of the region, reaching Baalbek before stopping. A military govenor is appointed to oversee the region, governing the newly created Exarchate of Phoenicia along with local Maronite Christians. The military also considers the possibility of moving down to Acre and linking up with Egyptian forces, although this is not done at the moment. The military continues to upgrade its firearms, and research into better ship designs based on Venetian and Scandinavian desgins continues. An important change happens in the Empire in that at the suggestion of Empress Consort Elsa, the Emperor Thomas I changes the official calendar from just the "Byzantine" calendar to include both the Julian calendar of the west and the current calendar. After many years of declining relations and decreasing trade co-operation, not the least of which being Roman merchant hesitation following the Venetian defeat at Padua and the divergence of the Roman and Venetian economies, some elements begin funding and supplying ethnically Greek rebels and malcontents in Crete. It is not presently known if the higher levels of the Roman government are aware of this.
 * Albania: The military continues to upgrade and improve, and the Albanian cavalry continue to earn their respect and pay as they rid the nation of all forms of banditry and illicit activity.
 * The Kingdoms of Ayutthaya, passing through the Philidelphi Canal, proposes a trade treaty to the great Roman Empire.
 * Alexandria: Trade continues to increase as the ports are re-established. More people are converted to Coptic Christianity due to the See of Saint Mark's presence. Many Muslims reconsider their faith seeing the prosperity that Christians live in. Resources are sent to Aiguptia to maintain and protect the canal as that process continues and workers are encouraged to go seek out this opportunity. The economy continues to pick up as trade expands to SE Asia. Christians in North African nations are invited to immigrate to Alexandria. Missionaries and dignitaries remain in the Nubia region hoping to convert and influence some of the Nile cities (Turn Twenty). The land acquired from Yemen by the Red Sea continues to see a port town established for sailors and merchants to rest before going into the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean, there is a medium increase in population as more people look to get into the trade business and travel from Castile and the Netherlands requires a stop for their sailors. In the province of Judea soldiers are to protect both Christian, Islamic and Jewish pilgrimages. Small amounts of conversions in Judea take place mainly converting Christians and Muslims to Coptic Christianity. Alexandria removes troops to the south as the region is now calm and free of revolt. Alexandria works extensively on its navy as it wishes to further explore the deepest reaches of the Great Eastern Sea (OTL Indian Ocean). An Alexandria expedition makes it to Dia Viet and Ming China and furthern north with the noble who negotiated the Treaty of Karachi. OTL Goa and Karachi continue to become a massive destination for Alexandrian trades and relationships continued to be established. Grigorios's engineers continue plans of a reconstructed lighthouse on the cite of the citadel. Relations are continued with the nation Vijaynagar, an we  continue establish more posts along the coast, especially at Goa.  Kafta and Kyricos become bolder and are taught to rule. An enclave at OTL Port Sudan begins to form due to trade (Four). Immigration from traders and trading families increases to the trade enclaves in Alexander's Strait and the Somali enclaves. Kafta thanks and confirms alliances with his father's allies. Troops return to Alexandria. Kyricos recovers from injuries and his sickness. Kyricos revives the term Egypt in reference to Greater Alexandria. The Great Eastern Sea Trade Co requests to buy stocks in the Eastern Mediterranean Trade Co. Inf Turn.
 * Rumanian Dip: We request access to the Philidelphi Canal for Eastern Mediteranean Trade Company purposes, citing our support for the Alexandrian Great Eastern Sea Trade Company.
 * Aiguptia: Continues to stabilize the nation. Engineers, cartographers and philosophers from all trade partners are offered jobs to work on expanding the Philadelphi Canal to take on present day cogs, treasure fleets and other ships. At many points ships can pass freely using two separate canals or wide man-made lakes. However, there are still flows to be worked out, and portions to be widened, although the work becomes minimal. Citizens and people in the surrounding regions and province are converted to Coptic Christianity. Missionaries continue to convert people, especially in Cairo. Cairo also attracts many in anticipation of the canal. The city at the crossing point of the canal OTL Zagazig, begins to be filled by merchants and people looking to get involved in the trade industry, but becomes known for poorer living conditions and being put at risk for the plague. Missionaries and organizers are sent to Nubia region to assist in building a kingdom there. Mercenaries are raised to assist the Alexandrian merchants in their conflict for safe trade in order to maintain a presence on the former Somali land. Alexandria's call to arms is answered through Aiguptia training is military and participates in the war games. Aiguptia expands another 25 px along the jordan river.
 * Ethiopia: Grigorios and Kafta begins creating and developing relationships with local leaders. Shortly after the treaty everyone settles back into normal lifestyles. INF TURN. \
 * Pskov Buys out more Roscolbanks, leaving none left in Europe, having all been bought out by either the Dutch or Pskovian Banks,m and they make Pskov much money, aswell as giving it moeny to iomprove the merchant fleets. The Second expedition on the silk road returns from China and India, with the more wealthy begining to adore spices such as curry that come from this exotic land. Pskov's merchant fleet grows as a result of effort of private parties buying or comissioning their own ships, many of them formerly venetian. The Pskov UNiversity continuyes to grow, and more people from around europe flock to go to it, as well as many people from the rest of Russia, Making Pskov the Capital of Learning and science in Russia, Aswell as its wealthiest nation per capita. Some mining epeditions to The far reaches of Novgorod strike gold, and begin transporting and melting it down, creating more zolotnik currencies, making it spread faster throughout Europe, weherever Pskov-Owned Roskolbanks are. The Pskovians hear rumors of Scandinavia having found new lands to the west, although pays tem little mind, However people begin to think that if you cross the ocean, then you will find a safer and shorter route to India and China. More books are translated and circulated througout europe, including some of the scientific discoveries of the Pskov Academy. THis year, a Student decides that it would be a good idea to test if lighter rocks fall slower than hevier ones, and is surprised to learn that all objects, unless they have a very high mass-to-surface-area ratio(such as a feather), all accelerate at the same rate. He then stipulates that something has to be pushing against the lighter objects, with harger area, to make them accelerate with a slower rate, and he discovers this to be air, and stipulates that even the heaviest objects, if given enough surface area, could fall to earth like a feather. This Also leads to the discovery of the Theory of equivalency (I believe this is what it is called), stating all  objects, unless slowed by air, will always accelerate toward the earth at the same rate. This young student, Dimitri Timofeevich Volkov, is given a Doctorate of Philosophy, a Ph.D., (as it comes from the Academy), one of the first given out at the University, for his thesis on the motion of objects toward the earth. His works are published in Russian and in Latin, and then distributed across Europe. Due to his success, he begins going around calling himself "Dr. Dimitri Volkov"


 * Austria: This turn in both our nation and in all our vassals is dedicated to economy. We train and expand our military using new experience from recent wars, and grow our nation economically. In Morocco our position in Melilla is fortified. All fortifications around the region are rebuilt and manned by stationed guards in case of an attack. To protect Melilla the construction of a fortress outside the city is considered, although postponed for now. The port of Melilla is rebuilt to begin operation as a trade port and military outpost. Construction continues on a shipyard in the Melilla port to facilitate the construction and repair of friendly ships. Melilla is granted a permanent naval garrison in the city’s port. To respond to dangers in the area, and to support the small garrison on land who mans the fortifications. Our position in Morocco is fortified by re-inforcements, bringing Melilla operational against attacks. For now a small fleet is stationed in its harbor, while its garrison continues to hold the north and its supply lines, supporting our Christian brethren. With much of the Muslim population of Melilla left dead after the war against Morocco, the local government attempts to entice settlers by offering large quantities of land to Christian settlers. Many Europeans, particularly of German descent and/or from central Europe begin settling the area around Melilla. With finances from Augsburg-based banking establishments, the Trieste Company continues to launch expeditions to West Africa. Abrechtburg has grown to a decently sized settlement, supporting a population of farmers, traders, and a small garrison of soldiers. The town also houses a well furbished fort, armed with a small amount of cannons intended to defend the settlement and the harbor from any attack. Built out of necessity, the port at Abrechtburg is refurbished and expanded to support more trade ships, and allied countries are welcomed to trade and stay in the town. The second largest settlement in Westenland, Dominusburg, follows suit, finishing the construction of a port similar to Abrechtburg ‘s. Trade posts continue to be built and exploited, now numbering several dozen along the coast of Westenland and into allied territory. Our reliance on the Wolof becomes less so, but we sign a trade agreement with their nation to continue our positive relationship. Deals are made with the Wolof for slaves and other goods. Conversion of the natives begin around the settlement. Several bimereiches and caravels begin construction in Trieste, Melilla, Corfu, and other ports,  to further facilitate and protect overseas trade. Trade is increased with the Grand Duchy of Bavaria and other trade partners, bringing about new avenues of trade and commerce. We disapprove of the actions the nation of Venice has undertaken against our allies, and we secretly begin planning an attack if necessary. The postal system across Austria continues to grow. Ships begin trading with our allies in Alexandria and with several states past the canal.
 * Oyo Empire: The Oyo continue the expansion of their navy, and continue the development of their economy, military, and infrastructure to complement the expansion of the nation's population and regional influence. Oyo seeks to establish a base in Zanzibar to begin trading in East Asia from that location. Stranger danger! I need a mod! D:
 * Milan: Work continues on the Certosa di Pavia, the Castle Visconteo, and on the extensive Milan Cathedral. We continue training a proper standing army, utilizing Swiss mercenaries and local recruits. With border disputes now settled between the nations of Austria and Switzerland, we continue opening friendly relations with both nations in hopes of repairing our diplomatic relations and protecting our northern border. We continue constructing cogs and galleys to strengthen our navy and protect our interests on the seas. Our turn is dedicated to economy in both our nation and our vassals. Many begin to call for a possible counter attack into Venice to end their clashes with Milan once and for all, and possible plans are created. We ask for a trade agreement and alliance with the nation of the Netherlands. Trade increases with the nation of Alexandria and with nations in Africa through the canal. We send a company of ships and some supplies to aid against the nation of Ethiopia. An expedition is also sent east, which makes contact with the Mughal Empire.
 * Novgorod: We continue the production of Koch boats, cannons, hand cannons, advanced crossbows, swords, and composite bows, increasing our military capabilities in case of war. The nation’s training and advancement of military continues. The recent classes of Koch ships are being manufactured in Novgorod. The town of St Patriksburg’s population grows a bit more that last year. As the construction of the town improves, the Kremlin finishes, trade becoming more in demand, the town gains slightly. Because of the trade road built with Tver our economy increases. After seeing a great success with the private schools in the cities of Novgorod, St Patriksburg, Staraya Russa, and Nizhny Novgorod. We start building another private school in Rostov and Yaroslavl. We complete building private schools in Torzhok and a private school in Staraya Ladoga. We dedicate this turn to economy. We continue to establish ties with our allies Muscovy and Pskov. We offer to help Pskov develop this new type of koch, and engineers in Novgorod begin producing a model of their own. The new ship, constructed almost exclusively for sea-based travel will be thirty meters in length. The new ship will have three masts, and becomes known as a trikoch. We also begin producing shitiks that are fifteen to twenty meters in length for the purpose of transporting cargo.
 * Tver: We complete the construction of the private school in Tver and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Yaroslavl, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Yaroslavl: We complete the construction of the private school in Yaroslavl and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Rostov: We completed the construction of the private school in Rostov and start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Yaroslavl, Muscovy. We dedicate this turn to economy.

1494
After over a year of consolidating power and killing personal enemies, Mandu is recognised by the Tharawal Elders as the “Head-Man” of the group.
 * Portugal: Continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Leiname. By this time, the colony in Leiname starts to export wheat to Portugal. Meanwhile, some Portuguese explorers continue to explore the African coast. The Açores continue to be settled. Meanwhile, the new ships that been developed, called naus, and that are similar to the Castilian carracks, begin to be used. Naval explorations directed to the west begin, after news that new lands may have been found there. Urraca is stil waiting for the Austrian answer to the 1493 proposal.
 * Austrian Diplomacy: Maximilian I accepts the proposal.
 * |onte continues to have a large surplus of grain. Though adopting "western farming", the idea of "the tribe" is still very much so alive, as people always share the crops they have grown, or the animals they have hunted amongst the community. Mon advocates the planting of trees in small groves. Throughout the year, Mon goes elephant hunting, though it is very dangerous, as he is hunting them with arquebuses, and the whole process requires much co-ordination. However, the results are said to be spectacular, as the tribe gains new wealth in the collected ivory, and the elephant meat is considered a rarity. The season resulted in six elephants being killed. Much of the younger generation knows how to hunt, and begin to help their parents, increasing the prosperity of the tribe. Not only do they know how to hunt, but in accordance with tribal tradition, each one of them may become a warrior if the need be, trained both in the arquebus and the bow, though the arquebus is gaining much ground against the arrow.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The news of the new lands are interesting to the king, yet he dismisses them as not pointless as it would take too long for now for there to be an exploration party there and that the main concern of the king is to establish his influence over all territories under his control. and to launch the final strike at Muslim North Africa. While this, in Artois a priest whose father was Dutch married to a French peasant begins preaching to avoid the Papacy's great mistake such as the lack of recognition of the Greek Rome during the crisis that nearly destroyed it, and the fact that the schism wasn't solved until the other side chose to talk. He begins preaching about a headless church with several similarities to that of the Dutch and the Catholic. He's called Louis Ebrecht. The monarchy decides to ignore him, and to reassure its people that it stands by the side of the church. However, insisting in the sole reason of the French church (as refered to its governing group) to recognize the Pope - yet to be independent.
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up. Economy expands.
 * Albret: Military and economy are built up.
 * Nemour: Military and economy are built up.
 * Guyenne: Military and economy are built up.
 * Berry: Military and economy are built up.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up.
 * Armagnac: Military and economy are built up.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy are built up.
 * Sardinia: Military and economy are built up.
 * Basel: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aargau: Military and economy are built up. The French presence begins to be felt. However, the attempts to establish a pro-Germanic government in order to avoid eventual uprisings, internal vassalization begins as well to fully convince German leadership.
 * Foix: Military and economy are built up.
 * La marche: Military and economy are built up.
 * Limoges Military and economy are built up.
 * Nevers:  Military and economy are built up.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. The native population drops to 450,000 (from around 750,000 in the region) due mostly to the plague and the war. French nobles begin to arrive due to the relative power void. While this, the French navy begins docking in Tunis, soon renamed Carthage.
 * Marrikuwuyanga Empire: The tribes had returned to the lands they had been previously forced to abandon and quickly settled. Due to the large ships provided by the Ayutthaya, the people were able to easily travel to the Tiwi Islands and return in time. This increased Emperor Yada Gulpilil's popularity who was now worshipped and referred to as the Almighty. The Emperor himself considered himself God, disregarding the fact that it was the Ayutthaya that had provided him with the medicine, ships and food. The Emperor called upon the tribes neighboring Marrikuwuyanga to give up their false gods and worship Emperor Yada. The Marrikuwuyanga had declared that any tribe that peacefully united with the Marrikuwuyanga would be allowed to keep their land, women, gold, etc, but anyone who resisted would be punished severely. The tribes specifically targeted were the Jawoyn, Yalngu and the Dangbon who controlled large territories. When a forest fire resulted in the deaths of 11 men from the Dangbon tribe, Emperor Yada declared that it was proof of his wrath and divinity. The Emperor secretly, however, knew that the Marrikuwuyanga could not defeat all the three tribes and requested for weaponry from the Ayutthaya. Meanwhile, Marrikuwuyanga's influence continued to increase within the neighbouring tribes and the military was strengthened.
 * The Ayutthayans will agree to send in a corps of regulars to aid the Marrikuwuyanga if they allow Buddhist and Hindu missionaries to preach among their people (noting, of course, that the King is somehow related to the gods).
 * Madagasikara experiences cultural conversion on an ever increasing scale as Christianity, Spanish and Swahili influences all converge on the island. The bishop works to convert people in both the inner parts of the island and those in other Swahili states. The Inquisition is officially closed, but only after making huge inroads in Comoran and northern lands. Population growth continues and also reflects more half-Spaniard births. Malagasy culture adopts features from Swahili and Spanish influences. At the same time, farming picks up causing more settlement into the vast untamed wildernesses. King Andres Begins to take an interest in hunting and tracks the famed megafauna passionately. In Betsileo, reconstruction is effectively over and cultural conversion, as well as religious assimilation take place throughout the nation. Swahili and Spanish culture also disseminate new ideas. Pembara, Maputo and Sofala all continue to grow stronger in Christian faith as well as continuing to merge with Malagasy culture. All three states expand slowly, with Maputo heading south while Sofala and Pembara both grow northward. Economy turn.
 * County of Oldenburg: Crown Princess Adelheid relocates to Hamburg, where she marries Duke Frederich [I now hand Adelheid over to your control until she inherits] The economy improves steadily. The small trade with Eire turns steadily higher profits, and the OHG looks at ways to expand into the Eirish market. The OHG's whaling fleet fishes in the sea West of Greenland again. Back home, the banks make alright profits.
 * Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: The military is built up.
 * Rumania: Mircea II, now 37, continues to work on improving the economy; Iron, Salt, and Coal mines dot the landscape. Coal begins to become a major resource produced. These mines provide the resources required by the foundries and traders on the coast. The Danube becomes a highway of commerce, hundreds of barges travel up and down its length transporting people, materials, goods, and ideas. The printing press continues to spread across Rumania. As much as 8.5% of the nation has reached basic literacy, and the Moralists promote education of commoners by priests, in order to give everyone the opportunity to read the bible. Stephen, now 19, begins to take over from his father. Meanwhile, he continues to be educated. He becomes extremely interested in the stars after witnessing the comet. More research is made in the field of gunpowder weapons, and Stephen shows interest in the workings and mechanisms of such weapons. He begins to show signs of being a scholar; he uses all the time available to him to learn of the world.
 * The Consulate of Bulgaria: The economy continues to grow. The printing press spreads south into Bulgaria just as in Rumania. Ties with Rumania are strengthened; hundreds of Romanians move into the country, seeking cheap and productive land, and inter-marriage becomes very common. Bulgarians also begin to migrating to trade towns in Romania to seek more economic opportunities. Bulgarian populations in Rumania now represent a large minority, and the same can be said about Romanians in Bulgaria. Ethnic tensions are uncommon in both nations as multi-ethnic communities existed before the large migrations.
 * The Nation of the Oirats: Cement and iron increase in production. Iron weapons are now majorly used. As we increase in population, we slowly target our expansion northward. We expand 50 px to the north. We continue to develop our firearms. We continue to study the printing press and make more of them. We buy more books from China. We continue making more muskets. We now have 10,000 primitive musketeers. We begin building up our military and create even tougher practices. We expand our settlement at North Baikal Lake. We expand our military and begin building dragoons or mounted musketeers.
 * Oirat D: We ask Mughal Empire, Tartary and Jianzhou Jurchens to form the Great Eurasian Alliance with us.
 * Can someone please create my expansion on the map? I have expanded 50 px each year for a long time, but the map never shows it.
 * The Mughal Emperor considers this alliance to be useful for the Mughal Empire but he refrains himself from giving a formal answer before the other nations state their opinion on the hypothetical Eurasian Alliance.
 * Mughal Empire: Mirza's wife dies during childbirth, after giving the Emperor another daughter. He names his newborn daughter Aglamak. The Emperor mourns his beloved wife, and barely leaves his palace in Kabul, causing his council to reside in Kabul. Although the nobility of the Mughal Empire does attempt to gain more power, the Emperor's council uses inspectors to watch over the land during the Emperor's current emotional status. This powerful bureaucratic instrument develops the Mughali roads and ensures that the nobility's power stays low. The Mughali also confirm trade deals with Rumania. (Sorry for missing it, I'm barely keeping track of everyone who makes contact with me). (Infrastructure turn)
 * Bengal Sultanate: The decrease in taxes on the landed elite does its job in most areas of the Sultanate, decreasing the tax load on the peasantry and earning him their support. The tax cuts on the merchant class allow for more trade to be conducted, and a recent lax on some of the quota laws allows for more goods to be shipped from Bengal, greatly increasing trade income. Trade with the state of Ava continues, with influence being placed through trade on Ava. Cash crops continue to be grown in large amounts. With our merchants traveling to Ava, Koch, Ahom and Arakan regularly, Islam continues to grow in their nations. Most all trade roads begin to see much-needed maintenance. Due to Bengal having control over lands of multiple ethnicities and religions, literary works in the form of poems and epics continue to take influence from all three religions of the Sultanate. Urdu, also called Hindi by some, becomes more common in the Sultanate due to the mixing of Hindu and Islamic ideals. We continue to help finance the Plutocratic State of Jaunpur, Delhi Sultanate and Bahamani Sultanate by sending gifts directly to the nobles/sultans, offering loans from powerful trade bankers, and decreasing the trade taxes over all of Bengal, allowing more of our merchant goods to travel into those states. We also raise a portion of the Sultan's personal levy and then divide it to be sent out to the states' leaders, so that they can do with them what they wish in order to maintain order in their nation. The construction of schools and universities several years ago has led to an increase in scholars and literacy in our nation. Due to the removal of trade barriers among a majority of states in the Indian League, their merchants and ours begin to travel with increased mobility and goods, thereby increasing the trade income and output in the agreeing nations. Due to the return to a high volume of trade after managing to work with a far smaller volume during the plague, investments by landed elites into expansion of their plantations, mines and levies increase exponentially. In the newly conquered lands of Ava, road construction continues, so as to bring several of the Avanese cities into the large network of trade and travel roads that criss-cross the Bengali Sultanate and its vassals. Some local officials are coercied into telling their less than Islamic subjects that life under the Sultanate is far greater for both their livelihoods and their culture than it was under an oppressive Avanese royal family. The road development in Ava completes construction an now connects the former state of Ava to the rest of the Bengali road network. Several field tests of the newer siege guns developed by the League, the problem of their manueverability give way to the idea of larger handcannons as a more portable cannon in contrast to the current cannons in the Bengali military that are far harder to transport. In order to test this theory by several Bengali military advisors, a larger cast of a handcannon will be produced and be mounted upon a base to stabilize the assumed higher power and accuracy of said larger handcannon.
 * ​Emirate of Andamana: Illyas-Sasaska continues to reclaim land on the island to make room for farms, and to have timber for building both boats and houses. The Emirate expands another 500 km onto the island. The ships built by the timber from the island help contribute to Bengali trade. Continues working on economy and infrastructure.
 * Rajya of Orissa: Kapilendra Deva continues to listen to his advisors and bring about several reforms to his nation that make it more Islamic friendly, one of which is new, and calls for the creation of one mosque for each Hindu temple in the name of tolerance, when in reality, his advisors have prescribed this to bring about larger Islamic influence.
 * Swargadeo of Kamarupa: Now vassalized by Bengal, the Swargadeo of Ahom continues to receive extensive help in creating viable farmland. They do this by continuing a process of land reclamation in the northern part of the state, which is largely marshy and thinly populated. This process of reclamation begins by using dikes, embankments and irrigation systems. The land reclamation, having been going on for decades, is extremely successful in creating viable farmland for rice, grain and other staple crops, increasing Kamarupa's population and their yearly trade output.'
 * Castile: The Castilian economy has massively swelled with thanks to the creation of the Spanish confederation and the addition of Aragon's trade and military fleet at Castile's disposal. Castile, as leader of the Spanish confederation, begins a series of economic and military reforms on all the kingdoms in order to expand all the local economies and militaries and centralize the confederation's economies in general. Castile at this point has explored farther down Africa establishing multiple trade posts along the way and reaching a point where the sea rounds the continent. However, the failure of supplies has led to this exploration fleet having to turn back. Castile has begun the development of a series of new ships meant to replace some of the aging designs and add some new innovations. The Castilian navy begins to replace multiple ships with the new carracks as some of the largest ships in the Castile fleet. The Castilian renaissance with the addition of Aragon's renaissance techniques has exploded significantly and with permission from the monarchy embroiled with organizing the Spanish confederacy and multiple projects the Renaissance has led to a mass amount of art and technological innovation being developed. King Ferdinand unable to resist the opportunity of the new lands heard of immediately commissions three separate trading companies to cross the seas and scout out these new lands. Leaving from multiple points the fleets reach the new lands and immediately go their separate ways. One fleet, the smallest of the three composing of seven ships, sails south mapping and cataloguing go much farther south than they believed finding a huge natural harbor. This hints to these men to be the perfect place for a trade outpost as well as a city in the future.. The Colony of Buenos Aires expands by (2 px) up the coast. The Castilian populace reaches about 9,2 million and growing. Hostility with one of the more recently contacted tribes leads to nearly 150 men coming from new ships arriving using guns and swords to interrogate information from captured tribesman. The Castilians hearing of white men disappearing in the Maya kingdom sends in troops from Castile to interrogate locals in the area. In this situation three Spaniards kill a group of Mayans and take multiple women hostage. This is created by a problem of language barriers and the superiority attitude of the Spanish. One ship leaves to call for help from the kingdom in order to prevent the Castilian traders from being evicted. Trade goes much better with Zapotec as gold and various other goods are transferred between the two nations. Castile offers of ships/ship technology in exchange for the rights it seeks in Bengal.
 * Kingdom of Aragon: The Kingdom's navy the military navy in particular is given to a series of respected and well known Aragonians loyal to Castile. Aragon's assimilation into Castile cultural base begins due to many nobles now speaking Spanish (Castilian) which shows a notable effect of a few people especially merchants and some developing artisans which are currently able to speak the language proficiently. Aragonians spurred on by Prince Carlos to rebuild Zaragoza continue the work needed to rebuild the city and the various burned towns surrounding the city with the city being moderately repaired. For the time being, however, the capital of Aragon proper is migrated to Valencia. With Castilian assistance various infrastructural areas are rebuilt and the military is expanded to a token force of 10,000. Along with this support the Aragonian economy recovers slowly with a slow but controlled influx of Castilian economic aid helping Aragon recover. The ruling magistrate over Aragon signs a landmark trade deal with Castile which allows for Aragon's usage of Castile's large amounts of trade posts down the coast of Africa. The Aragonians now in control of the Spanish South African trading company fund the creation of the expansion of the Trade outpost into a formal colony to be settled much like Morocco and Granada were by Castile. The Colony of Cape Ferdinand expands 2 px up the coast. Its mostly populated by Castilians who are the main people moving to the colonies. Aragon's population continues to be culturally integrated with the next generation speaking primarily Spanish with Catalan being phased out by the newer generation.
 * Kingdom of Cyprus: The King of Cyprus is now King Alexander of Cyprus. The King of Cyprus begins to see Castilian culture not as a dominant force but a possible blendable culture that can fit well within Cypriot society. The economy and military of the country is built up as is the infrastructure with a nice road system being built throughout the country. Cyprus gaining large funds from being a Castilian trade hub, begins building a few ships domestically, and purchases ships from Castile, or her allies shipwrights forming a respectable Cypriot navy of almost 90 ships with expected expansion to come. This expansion has been achieved specifically thanks to huge amounts of outsourcing to private shipwrights. Cyprus begins to see an exodus of the Knights Hospitaller west to Castile and her territories and King Matthias begins a larger recruitment for the military managing to raise a force of nearly 10,000. This force is largely funded through the large trade Cyprus has gathered. The troops are styled after Castile's royal army and Cyprus embarks on an intense training program in order to bring them up to standards. The Knights, with many departing, also have many older and other knights stay due to their close ties with Cyprus. They remain to run the Knights Hospitaller in Cyprus for the foreseeable future while a large number have migrated across the sea. The Kingdom of Cyprus due to the recent issues in Castile reluctantly recognizes Carlos and his Regency for Prince Ferdinand. Cyprus itself with its fleet of nearly 100 ships begins to take after the Venetian example with trade and begins to put Cypriot merchant ships into state possession for trade in order to help with the kingdom's finances and heavy trade. This show immediate results as a relative increase in funding and attention to trade between Castile and her allies begins to improve the quality of trade. The Assassins Guild sets up in Cyprus looking to prevent issues in the kingdom with corruption and serving as their base into Muslim countries.
 * Kingdom of Morocco: The Kingdom establishes its capital in Casablanca and with this, begins a major point of establishing a major military presence in the area. The infrastructure, particularly in dealing with transport and water, is expanded to accommodate more people but the only people allowed to settle are Christians - particularly from Hispania. A notable number of Castilians settle the area. The leader of Morocco styled a king, out of respect deducts himself in rank to Prince of Morocco as the throne is only to be held by the King of Castile himself if it's ever required. The country begins the construction of various canals and cultivates trees farther inland to help increase arable farmland. The Moroccan economy continue to expand with greater trade coming from Castile and the Canaries all the way down to Capo Verde increasing the relative wealth. The Kingdom with many canals having been completed has vastly expanded its farmland among other things. Morocco's total population reaches nearly 750,000 with Christianity becoming dominant in the area. Calne-Vicuna is finished and is opened as an center for Christianity in North Africa with a library said to rival old Alexandria's. The Moroccan Assassins Guild forms and spreads keeping the peace and killing the corrupt as well as making morocco much more peaceful for Castilian Rule. Morocco sees the need to expand some territory south to own more of the lucrative trade coast and expands south down the coast by 1500 sq km
 * Kongo: The Kingdom begins to work toward a trade and production economy focusing on helping provide resources for Castile's burgeoning West African trade network. The King of the Kongo converting to Christianity and being baptised begins to call for the expansion of ports to the best of the Kongolese architects' abilities. With the King also adopts the name John, in favor of the king who began these exploratory operations down the coast of Africa. The King also organized a band of Christian soldiers who help keep the peace who also begin to help with conversions to Christianity as a series of missionaries and high level priests from the Western Church have come on a ship hearing of many pagans and heretics to convert. The King makes multiple successful campaigns against various of the petty kings in Kongo killing two of them and leaving the third on the run. The Christianization of multiple areas is completed and multiple others are begun. The Kingdom of the Kongo in an attempt to increase economic output and trade begins to export a moderate amount of raw materials to Castile and begins to push toward heavy exploitation methods if possible. The Kongo expands by 1000 sq km north.
 * Bengali Diplomacy: The Sultan will accept this offer of ships and ship technology in exchange for certain Spanish traders receiving noble landed rights within select areas of Bengal.
 * Hamburg-Mecklenburg: The duchy celebrates Duke Friedrich's marriage. Meanwhile, the military is improved, with more wheellocks produced and replace the aging arquebus design. More ships, for both the navy and merchant fleet.
 * Magdeburg: Military and economy are expanded.
 * Prussia: The Prussians begin to develop their military. The Prussians continue to build their new navy.
 * Courland: The Curonians also continue developing their military.
 * Ossel-Wiek: Ossel-Wiek also continues developing their military. Duke Franz continues to reshape the face of Arenburg.
 * Aleppo Eyalet: We build up our military and navy. We expand 15 px south and west. Our agriculture industry increases due to a huge boom in our population. The king tries to continue to westernise our country to be like the European countries. In this process we continue westernization and try to change our religion from Islam to Aleppo Eyaletian Orthodox. We make maps of outside routes to use to connect to our trade routes of our country. We continue to build dromon and goke ships for our navy. Most of our port cities are finished being refixed. We start to export w<span style="color: rgb(14, 34, 51); line-height: 23px; font-family: "OpenSans",arial,sans-serif;">heat, legumes, tobacco, sesame, vegetables, and barley. Our country has opened its borders. We allow anyone to come into our nation. The reason for this is because of westernization. Our military continues to develop firearms. We continue to study the printing press and make more of them. We buy more books from the Roman Empire. We continue making more muskets for our troops. We start building more churches in our country. Walls and outposts are being built around our capital city. We reopen the EMCT as one of the major contributors.
 * By the way, tungsten wasn't disovered until 1781 ...
 * Fusahito Theocracy: The construction of the city of Sendai continues, although it is projected to be completed in two years. The vassalisation of the Isshiki state is completed, with the majority of the population believing in the divinity of the Emperor.
 * Manchu Empire: Continues expanding into the wild Jurchens. Military continues to be built up. The capital attracts people from Mongolia and sSberia to start new lives. Nomadic life continues to die out. All clans are neutralized and under the rule of Kengshi. (Military turn)
 * Mapuche: Smallpox begins to ravage the Mapuche population, though no one has connected it to the arrival of the Spanish. However, rumors of imprisoned locals enrage the Mapuche populace; A diplomatic envoy is sent to Buenos Aires to declare that the imprisoned locals be released or there will be war. Some are concerned about the strength of the Spanish guns, but Draven believes that Mapuche iron will prove their match. The Mapuche economy slows down as a result of smallpox killing many inhabitants. There are 40,500 Mapuche.
 * In the Kingdoms of Ayutthaya, prosperity reigns. The practice of making nobles send their children to the city of Ayutthaya continues. The capital becomes a center for learning throughout the region. We continue to maintain influence over our region and our vassals. A new project begins to restructure the governmental systems in the vassals, giving nobles a set amount of land and holding them responsible to that area's success and prosperity. Furthermore, new voyages begin, attempting to connect China and Europe in a single voyage, passing through the Philidelphi Canal; it is a success, and the result is gigantic profits for the merchants concerned as well as the state. We continue to trade extensively with the region, especially Bengal, Japan and China. We begin to trade significantly with the Romans, with whom we have a trading treaty, and with the Hungarians through them. Our trade flows more heavily through the Philidelphi to the point where we propose a trade treaty with the Romans, such that they can trade freely in Ayutthayan cities and vice versa. The Spire of Indaraja continues to be built, with it almost being completed, a mere six years expected left for it. Following the Marrikuwuyanga attempts to make some of the Ayutthayan merchants worship their emperor (which fail), the Ayutthayans begin to send Hindu and Buddhist priests to convert some of the population of the Marrikuwuyanga to those religions. As the Ayutthayans are viewed almost like gods in much of that nation, conversion moves swiftly. The armies of Ayutthaya continue to train, with new tactics being used to quickly manuver, thus being able to defeat larger enemy forces with a combination of pike and shot. At the same time, the military expands its usage of big guns, including siege guns and hand cannons, and these are used to great effect in training. Meanwhile, the T̄hnn k̄hxng phracêā, or "Road of God", is constructed across our vassals in Malaysia, a giant trade road that starts in Malacca and ends in the southernmost corner of the Majapahit, and will be completed in 1505. Another road, the T̄hnn thxng, or "Road of Gold", is constructed across Mainland Ayutthaya, which will be completed in 1500. The three religions of Ayutthaya continue to peacefully co-exist. However, the religion of the "Purists" continues to spread, to the point where a significant portion of the populace in Northern Ayutthaya is Purist. A group known as the "Hand of God" begins to carry out attacks on Muslims, and are declared to be traitors and renegades by the King, who orders them to be hunted down like bandits. However, after no less than three army patrols are attacked by the "Hand of God" militia, the people begin to fear Civil War …  All vassals - Aru, the Majapahit, Siak, and Aceh - develop their militaries. Talks begin to perhaps make the Aceh a Kingdom of Ayutthaya - still a vassal, but closer to annexation, and support throughout the nation is high for this agreement.
 * Caucasian Confederation: The continued influx of exotic goods from the Persian Gulf triggers expansion in the Caucasian economies. On the diplomatic front, the Caucasian kingdoms request permission from the Raja of Gujarat to construct a trading outpost at the mouth of the Sabatmati [OTL Khambhat] to enable trade between our two nations. [ Mod response needed! ]
 * Pskov Gets much money and consolidates control over the banking systems of Germany and Europe through their new network of ex-Venetian Banks, making Pskov much money through the proliferous use of loans. Pskov's Merchant fleet grows, science and art prosper, with Artists experimenting with new styles of Painting and sculpting, and The Unviersity grows.
 * Tawatinsuyu (Inca Empire): As rebuilding continues, the Sapa Inca seeks to confirm an alliance with Chirbaya. Meanwhile, the infrastructure of Tawatinsuyu improves in the post war era. Construction of a new capital continues, and is roughly 20% done. Chan Chan is rebuilt in the Inca style of Golden Cities, alongside Cuzco and Machu Picchu. Population in the Empire is 800,000+, growing rapidly, with the City of Cuzco holding roughly 190,000 of the population, leaving the countryside mostly vacant. Reforms are set to begin next year.
 * The Hungarian King Sigismund now finds his nation back into complete stability as the last effects of the plague disappear from the nation and things return to normality. With the new nobility loyal to the crown as well as excellent administrators - the farmlands begin to be farmed in a much better fashion and the growth of the population once more begins to gather speed. Another child is born to Crown Prince Sigismund and his consort Margaeri in April. She gives birth to a girl this time. Twin daughters are born to Nikola Garai and his wife, and Nikola is overjoyed. However, he looks to birth a son to continue the Garai line. Ladislaus returns from the Mughal Empire after his trip to the east, bringing back with him vast amounts of knowledge. He goes to Sigismund's court, and tells him how he has learned much from all his travels and he would like to build a place where not only could he store all his collected works and books, but also be able to teach them. Sigismund is impressed, and thus grants Ladislaus' wish by ordering the construction of the "Grand University of Budapest". Ladislaus is pleased, and work on the University soon begins. Meanwhile, Ladislaus reads through the numerous folklore tales he wrote down during his trips through Croatia, Hungary, Poland, Serbia and the various other vassals. He notices some similar motives in both Hungarian and Croatian tales. The motives of female beauty and other physical appearance are awfully similar, while the colour black is antagonized. This causes Ladislaus to believe that these stories and the people who came up with them share a similar ancestry. Whilst comparing the current appearance of Hungarians and Croats, he notices that Croats have been becoming similar to Serbs. This leads him to the conclusion that the ancient Serbians caused a schism between the brethren that became Hungarians and Croats, and as it is known, Croats are Slavs, which would make Hungarians Slavs, too. This revolutionary idea forms in his head, and he begins to write his findings into a book, while learning more about the languages and such. He also notices that there are many similarities in the languages, and thus believes he could perhaps reunite the languages of the brethern by making a new one based heavily on the Slavic language. A large percentage of Croatians have now migrated from Croatia and have taken up residence in Dalmatia and Split, helping to boost the fledging population and provide for more manpower to work the farms. Dalmatian villages are now once more coming back to life as they bristle with people who work the farms and grow crops. Serbia now begins to return to its pre-plague population as hundreds of thousands of Hungarians continue to arrive, in what is being called by many "The Great Trek". Not only has this lead to the repopulation of the region, it has allowed for the region to become predominantly Hungarian, although most of the southern lands still hold a Serbian majority. Various centres of trade once more begin to bustle with trade as the repopulated lands begin to grow and earn money. With the mixing of the Dalmatian and Serbian cultures, various new folktales are born as different stories are mixed to create new ones. Stored grain are used when they are needed, and prove to be a winning system. In the times of war, the stored grain help peasants feed themselves and keeps discontent down. More large ships, such as carroks, are constructed in the dockyards in Croatia and Hungary itself. Cogs and galleys also begin to be constructed to boost the Hungarian trading and military fleet sizes. The good pay found for dockyard workers helps to increase competition for the job and allow for the use of skilled workers to build the ships all along the coast of Hungary, Croatia, Dalmatia and Split. All ships fly the Hungarian flag with pride as they continue to sail. Older ships continue to comprise the defense fleet with the task of protecting the coast of Hungary. With the need for much stronger ships, the old ships continue to be either retrofitted or completely torn apart to build new and much more stronger ships. More Viking hybrid ships are constructed within the dockyards, and a name is given to these ships: Dereglye. There is still much focus on smaller ships and these ships are made into powerful frigates (not frigates the class of ships) capable of dealing heavy damage to much larger ships. Muskets begin to be produced in large numbers in gunsmiths and many soldiers begin to receive training on how to use these in combat. Cannons continue to be built as gunsmiths fully understand the basic principles of the weapons. Ships, mainly the carracks, begin to be armed with heavier and heavier cannons which will help them fight ships much more successfully. These ships soon become the pride of the fleet and the crews begin heavy training before they are allowed on these ships. Seeing the growing iron and steel demands, trading for those resources is increased in exchange for grain. With growing numbers of ships arriving from docks, the fleet off the coast strengthens and the naval division begins to expand its range of operations quickly in case there is a threat from the sea. Merchant ships use Byzantine and Venetian ports to trade and earn money in, while sailing to Scandinavian, Albionian and Dutch ports too, helping expand the influence of Hungarian merchants. The ports on the Altantic islands continue to see rapid increases in trading and profits due to the word being spread. Trading with Zeta continues in earnest. The checkpoint castles are a great help in housing troops which are patrolling routes of both nations as well as wealthy and influential merchants and nobles travelling between the nations. Poland sees greater economic growth as their economy is stable and able to grow rapidly on its own. Poland continues to grow even stronger economically as more and more money is invested in trading stalls and merchentile systems as well as the construction for roads and such. The Polish workforce begins to build irrigation networks as well as begin to be told on how to farm using better practices. The Polish army continues to grow in strength, actively training with Hungarian soldiers to better their fighting skills while getting supplied by Hungarian blacksmiths. Both nations now see a large amount of trade conducted within each other's borders and this makes the merchants learn of each other's languages. Many become fluent in Polish while other fluent in Hungarian. In the border regions, a mixture of the languages begin to develop as it becomes more convenient for speakers and tradesmen. However, due to the large number of merchants from Hungary - who's economy is booming, Hungarian begins to be spoken in many parts of Poland as it becomes the preferred trading language. Hungarians continue migrating into Poland helping to bolster its population numbers significantly. The Council of Esteemed Nobles becomes official and the King assumes the position of head among the Council. This Council helps advise him on matters from crop growing to naval trading. The population of Hungary begins to grow rapidly once more, although hundreds of thousands have left the nation in search of higher pay and tens of thousands more continue to do so. Large irrigation channels have been created by workers, helping to expand the regions of farmland under the control of the crown. The printing press industry begins to kick off as bibles begin to be printed using the printing presses. Pskovian Printed Goods are still banned in Hungary, Croatia, Poland and all of the vassals. With the dissolution of the EMTC, Hungary looks to join its successor and perhaps continue to try to form a greater economic partnership within its region. The Black Sea Fleet finally reaches the shores of Tartary and diplomats head to the court of the Tartary to make official contact. They immediately propose a trading pact as well as ask to be able to use Tartary ports. King Sigismund realises Venice is beginning to lose power and thinks he could perhaps use this oppurtunity to gain influence with the Venetian nobles and help increase the Venetian prestige as well as try to help the nation get back on its fleet economically. Therefore, he offers two of his daughters to two prominant Venetian noble houses as well as a son to a third noble house (mods respond). He hopes this will help increase ties with the Noble families and help Hungary gain better trading deals. Hungary finally gains complete control over the lands after winning the war against Banu Sulaym in 1492 and subjugating the troublesome breakaway. Map_offer_Libya_(PMIII).pngmund completes the last remaining aspect as per the Compact of Philipdelphi and transfers control of the eastern sector of the vassal to Alexandria for them to control instead. Meanwhile, in Serbia, discrimination against the Serbians by the Hungarians and Dalmatians - along with many of the mixed communities - begins to increase and with a large portion of the working force been sent to fight for Alexandria, many begin to grow discontented with life. Pan-Slavism (Eastern Slavism) begins to grow within the Serbian community, who feel it would be better for them to live under Slavic Muscovy's rule than Hungarian rule.
 * The Kingdom of Croatia sees a diversification in its economic growth as it now uses some of its farmlands to earn money from. The dockyards cut the wood and build the large fighting vessels for the Crown, as requested by the king himself. The large dockyards and ports continue to build carroks at a good rate, although the loss of workers has meant many have to be hired at higher prices. Yet the higher prices also brings with it much better quality and this makes up for the loss in quantity. The Hungarian Carroks are fitted with some of the best cannons in the world and help to make these ships a threat. Cogs and galleys also begin to be built in larger numbers, while the Dereglyes continue to be constructed and lauched. Five more are launched this year. A tariff for merchants trading is also in place but it is put at favourable levels with none for the Venetians due to the alliance between the states and the amount of trading between them. Venetian traders are a common sight in Croatian ports, helping to bring in much revenue. The soldiers are trained in Croatia to protects its remaining ports. Soldiers return home after a successful campaign in the south - although it took its toll on many.
 * In Garay, all roads have now been fixed and thus this allows for the trading speeds to increase expodentially. With the plague finally over within Garay lands, the Garai Family can finally begin to reaffairm order over all their territories. Using his power, Lord Garai encourages the growth of small towns and villages and hopes to keep encouraging them to grow crops and increase trading. Many men are also trained in military combat to make them more effective foot-soldiers. The Garai Family see a greater gain in influence in various lands such as Croatia, Split, Zalchumia, Bosnia and Dalmatia.
 * In Split, the nobles begin to work on creating standing armies to manage and controlling their lands. Castles continue being built in the vassal while many old ones are completely torn apart and their land allocated for peasants. The soldiers of the nobles who were executed are distributed between the present nobles and they quickly begin to adapt - training with their new fighting partners. The nation trains its knights hard and trains commoners too. Many new dockyards and ports commissioned by the crown are completed with a lot of money spent on the construction. These soon begin to produce ships.
 * Bosnia also sees a lot of economic and military growth. Croats move into Bosnia - once more becoming a majority in the vassal and thus allowing for more and more pro-Croat feelings within its peoples. The incoming Croats also help to increase population and repopulation abandoned towns.
 * In Serbia, a significant number of people from Hungary and Croatia - but mainly Hungary - arrive to repopulate the lands. Many reconstructed towns and villages once more bustle with activity and farmlands again begin to be farmed for crops to grow and sell. The workforce here begins to receive some of the highest pay within the realm and as a results tens of thousands of more Hungarians begin to arrive. Local militias are also trained while many roads repaired and the economy grows. Most of the Serbian nobility without husbands have now found so and thus Hungarian control over the vassal increases. As more Hungarians come into the nation, discrimination against Serbians begins to increase as Hungarians make up 38% now, following more coming into the nation. The Serbians begin to grow tired of Hungarian overlords and Pan-Slavism (Eastern Slavism) begins to grow within the Serbian community, who feel it would be better for them to live under Slavic Muscovy's rule than Hungarian rule.
 * Banu Sulaym finally sees stability as its borders are manned and any signs of the plague disappear. The war against Banu Sulaym is successful and the breakaway is finally brought under the control of the King. He begins to set up a new organisation system within the vassal to perhaps control it better and maybe allow it to be a little more independent. The Army is trained and most troops are rested after the hard fighting. The infrastructure begins to be worked on as towns begin to be rebuilt after the war.
 * In all the other vassals the military strengthens and the economy grows while infrastructure is worked on to improve it. In the Kingdom of Poland, Margaeri's noble family begin to gain power over other families as the Crown Prince grants his wife's family more and more favours and help.
 * Mod response: accepted. 
 * Austria: This turn in both our nation and in all our vassals is dedicated to economy. We train and expand our military using new experience from recent wars, and grow our nation economically. In Morocco our position in Melilla is fortified. All fortifications around the region are rebuilt and manned by stationed guards in case of an attack. To protect Melilla the construction of a fortress outside the city is considered, although postponed for now. The port of Melilla is rebuilt to begin operation as a trade port and military outpost. Construction continues on a shipyard in the Melilla port to facilitate the construction and repair of friendly ships. Melilla is granted a permanent naval garrison in the city’s port. to respond to dangers in the area, and to support the small garrison on land who mans the fortifications. Our position in Morocco is fortified by re-inforcements, bringing Melilla operational against attacks. For now a small fleet is stationed in its harbor, while its garrison continues to hold the north and its supply lines, supporting our Christian brethren. With much of the Muslim population of Melilla left dead after the war against Morocco, the local government attempts to entice settlers by offering large quantities of land to Christian settlers. Many Europeans, particularly of German descent and/or from central Europe begin settling the area around Melilla. With finances from Augsburg-based banking establishments, the Trieste Company continues to launch expeditions to West Africa. Abrechtburg has grown to a decently sized settlement, supporting a population of farmers, traders, and a small garrison of soldiers. The town also houses a well furbished fort, armed with a small amount of cannons intended to defend the settlement and the harbor from any attack. Built out of necessity, the port at Abrechtburg is refurbished and expanded to support more trade ships, and allied countries are welcomed to trade and stay in the town. The second largest settlement in Westenland, Dominusburg, follows suit, finishing the construction of a port similar to Abrechtburg‘s. Trade posts continue to be built and exploited, now numbering several dozen along the coast of Westenland and into allied territory. Our reliance on the Wolof becomes less so, but we sign a trade agreement with their nation to continue our positive relationship. Deals are made with the Wolof for slaves and other goods. Conversion of the natives begin around the settlement. Several bimereiches and caravels begin construction in Trieste, Melilla, Corfu, and other ports, to further facilitate and protect overseas trade. Trade is increased with the Grand Duchy of Bavaria and other trade partners, bringing about new avenues of trade and commerce. We disapprove of the actions the nation of Venice has undertaken against our allies, and we secretly begin planning an attack if necessary. The postal system across Austria continues to grow. Ships begin trading with our allies in Alexandria and with several states past the canal.
 * Alexandria: Trade continues to increase as the ports are re-established. More people are converted to Coptic Christianity due to the See of Saint Mark's presence. Many Muslims reconsider their faith seeing the prosperity that Christians live in. Resources are sent to Aiguptia to maintain and protect the canal as that process continues and workers are encouraged to go seek out this opportunity. The economy continues to pick up as trade expands to SE Asia. Christians in North African nations are invited to immigrate to Alexandria. Missionaries and dignitaries remain in the Nubia region hoping to convert and influence some of the Nile cities (Turn Twenty-one). The land acquired from Yemen by the Red Sea continues to see a port town established for sailors and merchants to rest before going into the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean, there is a medium increase in population as more people look to get into the trade business and travel from Castile and the Netherlands requires a stop for their sailors. In the province of Judea soldiers are to protect both Christian, Islamic and Jewish pilgrimages. Small amounts of conversions in Judea take place mainly converting Christians and Muslims to Coptic Christianity. Alexandria removes troops to the south as the region is now calm and free of revolt. Alexandria works extensively on its navy as it wishes to further explore the deepest reaches of the Great Eastern Sea (OTL Indian Ocean). An Alexandria expedition makes it to Dia Viet and Ming China and furthern north with the noble who negotiated the Treaty of Karachi. OTL Goa and Karachi continue to become a massive destination for Alexandrian trades and relationships continued to be established. Grigorios's engineers continue plans of a reconstructed lighthouse on the cite of the citadel. Relations are continued with the nation Vijaynagar, an we  continue establish more posts along the coast, especially at Goa.  Kafta and Kyricos become bolder and are taught to rule. An enclave at OTL Port Sudan begins to form due to trade (Five). Immigration from traders and trading families increases to the trade enclaves in Alexander's Strait and the Somali enclaves. Kafta thanks and confirms alliances with his father's allies. . Troops return to Alexandria. Kyricos recovers from injuries and his sickness. Kyricos revives the term Egypt in reference to Greater Alexandria. The Great Eastern Sea Trade Co requests to buy stocks in the Eastern Mediterranean Trade Co. Inf Turn.
 * Aiguptia: Continues to stabilize the nation. Engineers, cartographers and philosophers from all trade partners are offered jobs to work on expanding the Philadelphi Canal to take on present day cogs, treasure fleets and other ships. At many points ships can pass freely using two separate canals or wide manmade lakes. However, there are still flows to be worked out, and portions to be widened, although the work becomes minimal. Citizens and people in the surrounding regions and province are converted to Coptic Christianity. Missionaries continue to convert people, especially in Cairo. Cairo also attracts many in anticipation of the canal. The city at the crossing point of the canal OTL Zagazig, begins to be filled by merchants and people looking to get involved in the trade industry, but becomes known for poorer living conditions and being put at risk for the plague. Missionaries and organizers are sent to Nubia region to assist in building a kingdom there. Mercenaries are raised to assist the Alexandrian merchants in their conflict for safe trade in order to maintain a presence on the former Somali land. Alexandria's call to arms is answered through Aiguptia training is military and participates in the war games. Aiguptia expands another 25 px along the Jordan River into the peninsula.
 * Ethiopia: Grigorios and Kafta begins creating and developing relationships with local leaders. Shortly after the treaty everyone settles back into normal lifestyles. INF TURN.


 * The Tartary continues to expand its economy and military. The population continues to grow. Nenets people continue to drive out Russian settlers in Siberia, killing several and returning most into the European part of the nation. Most Russian settlers are expulsed by the native population. This is not condoned by the Tatar government, but almost the entirety of the population in the region is involved. However, increased interest in the area expands the Tatar territory by 3500 sq km through the northeast of the nation. The increased tensions between the two nations lead to the Tatars sending a diplomat to Moscow, asking them to stop their settling of Tatar territories but still seeking for good relationships. In fact, it promises that the Tatar government itself shall stop all Mastoravic missionaries that try to leave for Muscovy The Hungarian proposal is gladly accepted by Theodore. Avvakum, who began schooling about two years ago, continues schooling. Alexander also does so. Another son is born to Theodore and his wife. His name is Hector, in the spirit of Theodore's Iliad-loving analogies. In the rest of the nation, an economic boom continues; the main cities all continue development.
 * Perm's economy grows, as does its military. The population also, miraculously, continues to grow. The trading influence of the  traders of the nation increases. Perm forces its merchants to stop teaching the Mastorava.
 * Adyghea continues to develop its economy. The ruble, pegged to the stavraton, is adopted. The population grows at last, as the plague burns itself out.
 * Kazakhstan sees more tribal leaders be murdered by the royal family. Khan Arslan marries to Theodore's young sister Irine, also a Christian.
 * Azov also develops its economy. More Tatars move into the region. The Crimean Gothic population throughout the Azovan Khanate continues to grow.
 * Grand Duchy of Moscow: The nation of Muscovy begins trading along routes routing through the nation of Novgorod and its vassals, and the nation of Pskov. Money collected through trade and taxation is saved this year in the Muscovite treasury in case of an emergency. Trade routes are established between the nations of Poland, Hungary, Rumania, and the Roman Empire, and we promote friendly relations with all these nations. We become closer to Novgorod through trade, relying on Novgorod for safe land routes into our northern territory. The nations of the Ukraine continue to be vassalized. In case of attack we expand our military, recruiting free levies from our cities to protect local regions of our nation. Pikes and crossbows become common equipment in some units after they begin to be produced locally to outfit local regiments. Bowmen continue to be an essential part of our military to provide support for melee units, with some gunpowder weaponry being used. In major cities kremlins are upgraded and outfitted with modern equipment and dedicated garrisons to combat any threat or invasion. The largest kremlin, located in Moscow, is especially upgraded, with new walls being added that are wider and can hold cannons. Italian architects are also invited to our courts to design certain aspects of the city. By this time much of the population of our northern territory is converted to Christianity, and the fear of Dmitri the Impaler convinces many to remain that way, preventing the spread of unwanted foreign ideals. We hope to improve relations with the Tartary for now, so that our nations can prevent fighting in the future. We continue the construction of the fortress of Dmitrigorod facing Narva. This turn is officially dedicated to economy.
 * Lithuania: This turn is officially dedicated to economy. Trade between Moscow, Prussia, and other nations helps to amass wealth, which is partially used to finance infrastructural projects and military fortifications.
 * ... Please stop trying to build cities on our land ... I respectfuly send your architects back to Moscow ... unless, of course, you completely accept the fact that the new city of Dimitrigorod would be completely out of your jurisdiction. Sincerely, Vladimir Artemovich Zaytsev, By the will of the Veche and People, Knyaz of Pskov.
 * Milan: Work continues on the Certosa di Pavia, the Castle Visconteo, and on the extensive Milan Cathedral. We continue training a proper standing army, utilizing Swiss mercenaries and local recruits. With border disputes now settled between the nations of Austria and Switzerland, we continue opening friendly relations with both nations in hopes of repairing our diplomatic relations and protecting our northern border. We continue constructing cogs and galleys to strengthen our navy and protect our interests on the seas. Our turn is dedicated to economy in both our nation and our vassals. Many begin to call for a possible counterattack into Venice to end their clashes with Milan once and for all, and possible plans are created.
 * Novgorod: We continue the production of Koch boats, cannons, hand cannons, advanced crossbows, swords, and composite bows, increasing our military capabilities in case of war. The nation’s training and advancement of military continues. The recent classes of Koch ships are being manufactured in Novgorod. The town of St Patriksburg’s population grows a bit more that last year. As the construction of the town improves, the Kremlin finishes, trade becoming more in demand, the town gains slightly. Because of the trade road built with Tver our economy increases. After seeing a great success with the private schools in the cities of Novgorod, St Patriksburg, Staraya Russa, and Nizhny Novgorod. We start building another private school in Rostov and Yaroslavl. We complete building private schools in Torzhok and a private school in Staraya Ladoga. We dedicate this turn to military . We continue to establish ties with our allies Muscovy and Pskov. We offer to help Pskov develop this new type of koch, and engineers in Novgorod begin producing a model of their own. The new ship, constructed almost exclusively for sea-based travel will be thirty meters in length. The new ship will have three masts, and becomes known as a trikoch. We also begin producing shitiks that are fifteen to twenty meters in length for the purpose of transporting cargo.
 * Tver: We complete the construction of the private school in Tver and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Yaroslavl, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Yaroslavl: We complete the construction of the private school in Yaroslavl and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Rostov: We completed the construction of the private school in Rostov and start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Yaroslavl, Muscovy. We dedicate this turn to military.


 * Roman Empire: The nation continuesto expand its trade, and now that the uncertainty of the previous trade league has been swept under the rug the economy continues to move, especially with the acceptance of the Thai treaty. The new trade league as well also bolsters the Empire's economy. The new Exarchate of Phoenicia continues to prosper, and by now most of the cities there are functional and defended. The local militia move down the coast and set up a small outpost in Acre as well as meeting the border with Egyptian forces. Research into better ships continues, and maps of the New World continue to be studied. More and more nobles begin supporting the Cretan insurgents, although no one is still sure on what the government's position is.
 * Albania: The military and cavalry continue to be upgraded.
 * Trier: We dedicate this turn to military, as do our vassals. The states around us are influenced. Trade routes are established, opening trade among Hesse, Cologne, and Austria and her vassals. To improve infrastructure we begin building several defenses, and roads to link towns across the nation. Fortifications around our capital are improved and updated. The University of Trier, founded more than a decade ago, is expanded.
 * Netherlands: Trade continues to grow and the lucrative business allows far greater works of art and science back home, along with permitting the development of a new class of merchants who live increasingly lavish lives. The Merchant Guild continues to organize the Kingdom's trade routes and as such gains major influences within the States-General, their interest in expanding trade leads to the final authorization of an expedition west to map out and look at economic potential of the New World. Maurice is thrilled at the thoughts and personally pays for half of the expedition's costs. miltary and naval expansion continue. The settlements of New Friesland and Nassau continue to grow as Dutch traders are now protected by fortresses from which they do business with local African tribes in the region. Trade with the indians and with the Malay also expand greatly particularly with Sunda, Bengal and the Mughal. Dutch interests in Sunda and the Moluccas continue to grow, Traders try to learn the local languages while they attempt to teach Dutch and French so that communication will become easier, while the Dutch also offer to teach these languages to the ruling elite of the Indian states and the Thai. Orientalism continues to grow. The situation for the small Catholic minority continues to improve as they are granted special status by the crown. The Jews are also granted the right to move around within the Kingdom of the Netherlands freely, while the borders remain open to all Jews who are looked down upon in the rest of Europe, Reformists who live outside the Kingdom of the Netherlands are also welcome to come live within the nation should they feel unwelcome in their homeland.
 * The Kingdoms of Ayutthaya respectfully decline. (Nk, I thought we had an agreement about Sunda?)
 * We still do. I am just expanding my influence in the region. I need to expand my influence to eventually take Jakarta so I am not violating our deal. I am merely putting myself in a position where I can eventually take the area I'm interested in. With Blood and Iron (talk) 01:23, May 7, 2014 (UTC)
 * Dai Viet: This turn is officially dedicated to military expansion. The nation of Dai Viet begins expanding its military to protect the nation against any foreign attack. The government begins an active role in equipping some units, using its funds to ensure that the entirety of the militia is equipped with pikes and swords. Crossbows also begin to be used in select units, who are trained to be most effective during cavalry charges and to provide support for our infantry. Government forces are called and put to the test securing our southern border, garrisoning in recently acquired territory. Alongside expanding ground forces, the government also sees to need to expand naval forces, a process that began several decades ago. Small ships capable of longer journeys are constructed in major port cities, and cities in the south along the coast are expanded to facilitate naval activity on par with our northern cities. Trade ships are attracted to our major ports from nearby nations. Facilities are upgraded to better facilitate trade. With several dozen small trade ships and warships under the command of the government vassals, and several ships under its personal command, the government orders a series of operations in the east waters of the nation, hoping to root out pirates and protect trade routes. As a test of our navy, our largest warships, equipped with cannons and other weapons, make several expeditions around the Biển Đông (South China Sea). Several more trade posts are established in the Philippines.
 * Scandinavian Empire: The military is expanded, especially the offensive fleets in the navy of Scandinavia. Exploration of New Found Land continues.
 * Zapotec: More cases of the disease break out. Trade continues with the Spanish. Tlaco II expands roadways connecting cities in the alliance to help merchants and soldiers move more freely between them. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. In the coastal regions under Danibaan's influence, more boats are created. Tlaco II orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Trade with the Aztecs commences after years of stagnation under Tlaco I. Trade continues with the Aztec break-away states the Mayans.

1495
Raja Singh, Timurid noble and half brother of the Mughal Emperor Mirza ascends to the throne of Marwar, adopting the title of Rao.

Increased interest in the New World has led to Portuguese sailors setting sail for the new land.

A friar in Scotland records the first known batch of Scotch whiskey.

'''The nation of Mali, weakened and disunited from recent wars of succession, which resulted in the support of several claimants to the throne, is united once again by a dynasty from Songhai. The province of Mema is taken, followed by the city of Timbuktu, which supports the new rule in favor of repelling foreign raiders. The renowned trading center of Djenné is also taken, solidifying rule over the nation of Mali. and establishing the Songhai Empire. '''

'''The Kingdom of Rwanda is established, when one chiefdom manages to incorporate several of its neighbors into a unified nation. The centralized state expands to encompass a population nearly 85% Hutu, who mainly make up poor peasants.'''

'''A centralized state in Nubia arises known as Alodia. Consisting of a mostly Christian population, the nation encompasses territory the fifth and sixth cataracts.'''


 * Portugal: Continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Leiname. By this time, the colony in Leiname starts to export wheat to Portugal. Meanwhile, some Portuguese explorers continue to explore the African coast. The Açores continue to be settled. Meanwhile, the new ships that been developed, called naus, and that are similar to the Castilian carracks, begin to be used. Naval explorations directed to the west continue, after news that new lands may have been found there. One of these expeditions, led by a explorer called Vasco da Gama, discovers new lands southwest of Africa. Meanwhile, after the negotiations with the Austrians are successful, Afonso Manrique de Lara marries Sophia of Austria.
 * Prussia: The Prussians begin to develop their military. The Prussians continue to build their new navy.
 * Courland: The Curonians also continue developing their military.
 * Ossel-Wiek: Ossel-Wiek also continues developing their military. Duke Franz continues to reshape the face of Arenburg.
 * The Kingdoms of Great Albion (Scotland and England) - member nation of the UKGA: Many ships are modernized and replaced to keep the Royal Albion Navy a powerful forces on the high seas. Port Edmundburg continues to experience a growth in population. Albionic settlers continue to explore the surrounding areas. The Albionic Royal Navy begins better mapping Africa for the Crown. After decades of cultural merging, a new, Celto-Germanic culture finally begins to take firmer root. The English language has grown in official use and now royal documents, previously in Latin, are now translated into English. Troops that fought in the Pan-Hispania Wars return home and facilitate a minor baby boom. These experienced soldiers now train the army and navy commanders in advanced battle tactics. All ships passing through the channel are monitored for any signs of infection. The new dialect of English found in Eire has spread to Wales and Scotland. English nobles begin to enjoy the Celtic myths of Eire and Scotland. Port Edmundburg is declared a crown colony (OTL Sierra Leone) after decades as a profitable trade outpost. Expansion is planned next year to accommodate the growing population. A new city in the south of England begins to grow. The city's name is Gotham. The Templar Order continues to undercut the King's enemies and seeks ways to privately grow the power of the King and Albion as a whole. The Order buys up many smaller businesses and collectivizes some farms. The Order begins to expand into other areas of Europe, seeking to grow understanding as well as pushing Albionic ideals. Albion continues to explore further West. King Edmund II dies in bed after fighting a long series of illnesses, his son James of Tyne, becomes King James I. The King orders the The Western Exploration Committee formed after the first exploration teams sailed for the New World. Albion expresses intrest in cofounding with Prussia the Northern Trade Corporation.
 * Prussian Diplomacy: The Prussians accept Albion's offer.
 * Brittany: Brittany is officially placed under Albionic influence. The military and navy are expanded.
 * Calais: Military and navy are expanded.
 * Dublin: Dublin undergoes another remodel and expansion to the ports due to the massive influx of trade from Castile and Venice as well as an increased Eire trade.
 * Scotland: Expands navy and military. Pan Albion sentiments grow, Trade increases. Whiskey is traded down to central Albion.
 * Wales: Wales expands its military and navy. Cardiff becomes a large centre of trade for Wales. The Welsh appoint Adam Cyrdger as Royal Minister. The first sessions of parliament are held. Wales does not see as large a population boom as Albion or Scotland, but a minor one, centered around Cardiff and Swansea, does occur.
 * Rumania: Mircea II, now 38, continues to work on improving the economy; Iron, Salt, and Coal mines dot the landscape. Coal begins to become a major resource produced. These mines provide the resources required by the foundries and traders on the coast. The Danube becomes a highway of commerce, hundreds of barges travel up and down its length transporting people, materials, goods, and ideas. The printing press continues to spread across Rumania. As much as 8.5% of the nation has reached basic literacy, and the Moralists promote education of commoners by priests, in order to give everyone the opportunity to read the bible. The Eastern Trade Company is founded in the ruins of the Eastern Mediterranean Trade Co. Stephen, now 20 begins to take over from his father, he co-rules over Moldavia. Meanwhile he continues to be educated. He becomes extremely interested in the stars after witnessing the comet. More research is made in the field of gunpowder weapons, and Stephen shows interest in the workings and mechanisms of such weapons. He begins to show signs of being a scholar; he uses all the time available to him to learn of the world.
 * The Consulate of Bulgaria: The economy continues to grow. The printing press spreads south into Bulgaria just as in Rumania. Ties with Rumania are strengthened; hundreds of Romanians move into the country, seeking cheap and productive land, and inter-marriage becomes very common. Bulgarians also begin to migrating to trade towns in Romania to seek more economic opportunities. Bulgarian populations in Rumania now represent a large minority, and the same can be said about Romanians in Bulgaria. Ethnic tensions are uncommon in both nations as multi-ethnic communities existed before the large migrations.
 * Rumanian Dip: A suitable bride is sought for Stephen, any Eastern European power is welcome to offer their children.
 * Sigismund of Hungary offers one of his daughters, aged 17, to Stephen and hopes this can cement the relationship between the two neighbours to a closer point as well as allow for closer alliances.
 * Stephen I of Rumania accepts Sigismunds offer, requesting a marraige in 1496.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The news of the new lands are interesting to the king, yet he dismisses them as not pointless as it would take too long for now for there to be an exploration party there and that the main concern of the king is to establish his influence over all territories under his control. and to launch the final strike at Muslim North Africa. While this, in Artois a priest whose father was Dutch married to a French peasant begins preaching to avoid the Papacy's great mistake such as the lack of recognition of the Greek Rome during the crisis that nearly destroyed it, and the fact that the schism wasn't solved until the other side chose to talk. He begins preaching about a headless church with several similarities to that of the Dutch and the Catholic. He's called Louis Ebrecht. The monarchy decides to ignore him, and to reassure its people that it stands by the side of the church. However, insisting in the sole reason of the French church (as referred to its governing group) to recognize the Pope - yet to be independent.
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up. Economy expands.
 * Albret: Military and economy are built up.
 * Nemour: Military and economy are built up.
 * Guyenne: Military and economy are built up.
 * Berry: Military and economy are built up.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up.
 * Armagnac: Military and economy are built up.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy are built up.
 * Sardinia: Military and economy are built up.
 * Basel: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aargau: Military and economy are built up. The French presence begins to be felt. However, the attempts to establish a pro-Germanic government in order to avoid eventual uprisings, internal vassalization begins as well to fully convince German leadership.
 * Foix: Military and economy are built up.
 * La marche: Military and economy are built up.
 * Limoges Military and economy are built up.
 * Nevers: Military and economy are built up.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. The native population drops to 450,000 (from around 750,000 in the region) due mostly to the plague and the war. French nobles begin to arrive due to the relative power void. While this, the French navy begins docking in Tunis, soon renamed Carthage.
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Grand Duchess Eleanor formally opens relations with Saxony and Thuringia, offering alliances and trade pacts. Landshut expands its military. The population continues to rise. Grand Duchess Eleanor and her council continue to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with twenty-five very large cogs being finished, and by 1495 a trade route is put in place. Such important places in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany, due to a longstanding trade deal. Continuing in 1495, Eleanor commissions six cogs to sail around western Mediterranean coasts. The market center in Landshut continues to attract Bavarian and Venetian traders. In religious news, around 76% of the country adheres to the Western Church. Most adherents live around Munchen and Landshut. In other news, Bavaria continues implementing the Alliance and Merchant Act as well as the Militia and Navy Act. Eleanor ends her predecessor's policies of advancing Sedevanticism in the government. As the new Grand Duchess, Eleanor continues to vet and interrogate most of the powerful nobles of Bavaria. To work more efficiently, she appoints Vallerio Volpe as her spymaster. By the end of the year, Eleanor hosts a more developed middle class in Trausnitz than her numerous predecessors had. This earns her the sobriquet "The Middling Queen" to flavor the already popular "Merchant Queen" title. In other news, Eleanor continues to develop her cousin's seemingly successful administrative policies. Court physicians continue to bathe in religious ceremonies, hoping to appease God. In national news, the common courts continue to be implemented around Bavaria as several of the lower class make use it of. The serf laws begin to be used as well. While not extremely active, as many as three dozen serfs earn their freedom by the end of the year. Many freed serfs find work and home in the cities, while others continue to informally live on their lords' lands. This situation becomes a status quo and is foreseen to last the century. Many skeptics of Eleanor's reforms predict they will not affect Bavaria much until 1500. In educational news, Eleanor expresses interest of opening the Queen Isabell University to more men. Eleanor further incorporates the Collegiate Writs, allowing many more lower class men to enter college, after an exchange of 100 ducats and an agreement to lodge within the college. In legal news, Eleanor continues to introduce the Bavarian Commands, which are a set of laws pertaining to the royalty and the priveleges of the head. In royal news, Prince Franz-Albert frowns upon the deceitfulness that is the Oldenburger crown, seeing as how Adelheid would much rather marry a childless Hamburg Duke and risk the possibility of losing Oldenburg to a personal union, rather than marry Duke Franz-Albert, whom already has heirs. Any children born between Franz-Albert and Adelheid would automatically be under Adelheid's house.With the Duke of Hamburg being childless, a personal union could be enforced. Furthermore, a marriage between Bavaria and Oldenburg would be greatly beneficial to Adelheid and her country. However, because of this deceit, Grand Duchess Eleanor has ordered an embargo to be placed upon Oldenburg and trade within Landshut to be fully closed off to Oldenburger merchants.
 * Munchen: By 1495, the total class of Queen Isabell University amounts to about 3900 men. Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Wurzburg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. The clergy of Wurzburg find small solace as the Grand Duchess is the somewhat temperate, analytic Eleanor.
 * Oldenburger Diplomacy: Count Christian VI sends a letter to Grand Duchess Eleanor to explain why he made the very difficult decision. Firstly, Oldenburg will not risk the possibility of a personal union. The marriage with Hamburg was accepted only on the stipulation that a personal union would not result. If Hamburg had not accepted the stipulation, the bavarian offer would have been accepted. Secondly, Hamburg is closer to Oldenburg, and is thus doubly beneficial as 1. Adelheid does not have to be so far away from her family, and 2. it helps secure ties with a strong and powerful neighbour and business partner (and also potential future competitor, especially in Greenland), thus hopefully narrowing the chance of future conflict. Christian is genuinely sorry that marriage could not be arranged with Bavaria, and writes that Grand Duchess Eleanor's knee-jerk response is over-the-top and not the result of a thorough thought process, and she should reconsider to avoid permanently damaging the relations between two countries which should be friends.
 * |onte continues to have a large surplus of grain. Though adopting "western farming", the idea of "the tribe" is still very much so alive, as people always share the crops they have grown, or the animals they have hunted amongst the community. Mon advocates the planting of trees in small groves. Throughout the year, Mon goes elephant hunting, though it is very dangerous, as he is hunting them with arquebuses, and the whole process requires much co-ordination. However, the results are said to be spectacular, as the tribe gains new wealth in the collected ivory, and the elephant meat is considered a rarity. The season resulted in six elephants being killed. Much of the younger generation knows how to hunt, and begin to help their parents, increasing the prosperity of the tribe. Not only do they know how to hunt, but in accordance with tribal tradition, each one of them may become a warrior if the need be, trained both in the arquebus and the bow, though the arquebus is gaining much ground against the arrow.
 * Madagasikara continues to experience widespread conversion and cultural change. As more and more Spanish traders and merchants sail into our region of the world, the Spanish language continually diffuses through to the Latinized Malagasy language. Additionally, Swahili influences blot out many formerly Austronesian features of Malagasy culture and replace them with cultural affairs that are deemed more important to the cultural elite. At the University of Mahajanga, work on astronomy continues and the Spanish priests and scholars are stunned by the concept of the Southern Sky, which creates ripples throughout the scientific community of both Madagasikara and all of the surrounding Swahili states. At this point, Madagasikara has overtaken its Swahili neighbors in technological development with help from the West, especially Spain and Alexandria. Farming and deforestation continue to push the frontier of Madagasikara farther inland, which then helps civilize the natives in the Highlands. King Andres continues to be interested in hunting, and makes it his goal to capture all of the notable megafauna from throughout the island. In order to do so, however, he realizes the perilous state of many of these animals and enacts the nation's first anti-poaching law. Vassalization of Mozambique begins. In Betsileo cultural conversion continues and integration with Madagasikara comes closer to reality as Andres' wife dies and his son, Esteban inherits the throne of the Chiefdom of Betsileo. Pembara, Maputo and Sofala all continue to grow stronger in Christian faith as well as continuing to merge with Malagasy culture, which includes many Spanish and Swahili features. All three states expand slowly, with Maputo heading south while Sofala and Pembara both grow northward. Military turn.
 * Fusahito Theocracy: The construction of the city of Sendai continues, although it is projected to be completed in one year. Infrastructure turn. Gifts are sent to the other Daimyos to improve relations, including gold and jade. The Emperor begins a series of reforms meant to gradually phase out and then abolish slavery in Japan, with the closure of all public places in which slaves are sold. Whilst this meets with widespread resistance from the landowning classes, the extent of the Emperor's power means that there is no real challenge. However, the ownership of slavery is not made illegal, only the purchase or sale, meaning that although the trade has been almost stopped, slavery still exists for the mean time, until further reforms are introduced.
 * Isshiki State: The army of the Isshiki Daimyo is integrated in to the Imperial Army and power is centralised in Kyoto. Similarly, the Isshiki civil service is abolished, in preference of direct rule from Kyoto from a govenor who is appointed.
 * Mayan Empire: With the white men arriving in greater numbers, and disease destroying all in its path, The God Emperor begins quarantines upon the infected areas, and closes the Mayan borders. The Mayan calender is written, and sets the end of the world in the year 2012.
 * County of Oldenburg: The military is improved. A new ship is built, older ones are fixed, and more men join the militia. The Captain-General of the Army re-organises the army structure, dividing it into three groups: the Reichsdivision, professional soldiers who will join the Reichsheer in times of HRE mobilisation; the Grafsdivision, professional soldiers who will remain under the Count in times of HRE mobilisation; and the Landwehr, a non-professional, volunteer militia to guard the country. And the Captain-General looked on what he had done, and it was good. In Oldenburg, Christian VI's court is upset by Bavaria's unwarrented outrage, and the count sends his letter to Eleanor. In other news, tales of this new "Western Land" prompts some nobles and merchants to begin petitioning Christian VI to send an expeditio there. The OHG in particular is keen on the potential for vast untapped resources (whales, seals, birds, animals, wood, precious metals, land). Christian VI is also keen on vast untapped resources. However, the count is also quite conservative by nature, and states that an exploratory expedition will be sent in 1500, departing from Dietrichdorf, Neu Borkum [the Greenlandic colony].
 * Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: With all land in Osnabruck now owned by the Church, Rudolf has very little to do but watch the treasury's balance increase. He is not un-christian though. He orders rents on houses to be lowered to what is "fair and Christian", and publicly denounces the practice of over-charging rent in a homily.
 * The Nation of the Oirats: Cement and iron increase in production. Iron weapons are now majorly used. As we increase in population, we slowly target our expansion northward. We expand 50 px to the north. We continue to develop our firearms. We continue to study the printing press and make more of them. We buy more books from China. We continue making more muskets. We now have 10,000 primitive musketeers. We begin building up our military and create even tougher practices. We expand our settlement at North Baikal Lake. We expand our military and begin building dragoons or mounted musketeers.
 * Oirat D: We ask Mughal Empire, Tartary and Jianzhou Jurchens to form the Great Eurasian Alliance with us.
 * Aleppo Eyalet: We build up our military and navy. We expand 15 px south and west. Our agriculture industry increases due to a huge boom in our population. The king tries to continue to westernise our country to be like the European countries. In this process we continue westernization and try to change our religion from Islam to Aleppo Eyaletian Orthodox. We make maps of outside routes to use to connect to our trade routes of our country. We continue to build dromon and goke ships for our navy. We continue to export wheat, legumes, tobacco, sesame, vegetables, and barley. Our country has opened its borders. We allow anyone to come into our nation. The reason for this is because of westernization. Our military continues to develop firearms. We continue to study the printing press and make more of them. We buy more books from the Roman Empire. We continue making more muskets for our troops. We continue building more churches in our country. Walls and outposts are continuing to be built around our capital city. The king is making more and more things Christian in his country. The king favors Christianity over Islam. The starting of building a college in the capital city has begun. Our king wants more people to be educated in math, science, history, reading, and writing. Also more schools are starting to be built.
 * Scar, although this post is actually more or less plausible, I have to inform you that there are some issues about actually expanding into the "disorganized" territory around you, also if you do expand, military/economic/infrastructure development is disregarded I believe. -Sky
 * Bengal Sultanate: The decrease in taxes on the landed elite does its job in most areas of the Sultanate, decreasing the tax load on the peasantry and earning him their support. The tax cuts on the merchant class allow for more trade to be conducted, and a recent lax on some of the quota laws allows for more goods to be shipped from Bengal, greatly increasing trade income. Cash crops continue to be grown in large amounts. With our merchants traveling to Ava, Kamarumpa and Arakan regularly, Islam continues to grow in their areas. Most all trade roads continues to see much-needed maintenance. Due to Bengal having control over lands of multiple ethnicities and religions, literary works in the form of poems continue to take influence from all three religions of the Sultanate. Urdu, also called Hindi by some, becomes more common in the Sultanate due to the mixing of Hindu and Islamic ideals. We continue to help finance the Plutocratic State of Jaunpur, Delhi Sultanate and Bahamani Sultanate by sending gifts directly to the nobles/sultans, offering loans from powerful trade bankers, and decreasing the trade taxes over all of Bengal, allowing more of our merchant goods to travel into those states. We also raise a portion of the Sultan's personal levy and then divide it to be sent out to the states' leaders, so that they can do with them what they wish in order to maintain order in their nation. The construction of schools and universities several years ago has led to an increase in scholars and literacy in our nation. Due to the removal of trade barriers among a majority of states in the Indian League, their merchants and ours begin to travel with increased mobility and goods, thereby increasing the trade income and output in the agreeing nations. The larger handcannon is cast and tested, mounted upon small wall with a brace that allows the vertical trajectory of the gun to be changed. The gun successfully fires four shots at a range of over 450 meters, before the lacking supports shatter and cause the gun to fly back on the fifth shot, breaking the ribs the firer. Designs are drawn up for more comprehensive supports to prevent this kind of accident, but the overall test of the aptly named Chōṭa-ḍrāgana (Small Dragon). Several advisers and militaristic landed elite are extremely excited about all the possible applications of such an invention; many talking of enclosing exposed areas of walls into just windows to place a Chōṭa-ḍrāgana, placing them upon the backs of camels or elephants, and even mounting them upon Bengali ships. The ships received from Kāsṭā'ila (Castile) begin to be put to use for mainly trade and exploration to expand the Bengali trade network and knowledge of the world, and the technology of said ships is put to use to create Bengali copies of them for continued trade and exploration. Several Bengali merchants begin to sponsor mines in the Mogok area of Ava, due to the high concentration of gems such as rubies, sapphires, garnets and moonstones. Finally, with the decades of increased interests in the arts and economics, the Sultan sponsers two new universities, one in Orissa, and the other Bengal, both which are designed to provide extensive studies into literature, poetry, language, and economics.
 * ​Emirate of Andamana: Illyas-Sasaska continues to reclaim land on the island to make room for farms, and to have timber for building both boats and houses. The Emirate expands another 500 km onto the island. The ships built by the timber from the island help contribute to Bengali trade. Continues working on economy and infrastructure.
 * Rajya of Orissa: Kapilendra Deva continues to listen to his advisers and bring about several reforms to his nation that make it more Islamic friendly, one of which is new, and calls for the creation of one mosque for each Hindu temple in the name of tolerance, when in reality, his advisers have prescribed this to bring about larger Islamic influence. After recieving minimal funding from the Sultan of Bengal, Raja Deva organizes the construction of the new University of Bhubanēśbara (Bhubaneswar)
 * Swargadeo of Kamarupa: Now vassalized by Bengal, the Swargadeo of Ahom continues to receive extensive help in creating viable farmland. They do this by continuing a process of land reclamation in the northern part of the state, which is largely marshy and thinly populated. This process of reclamation begins by using dikes, embankments and irrigation systems. The land reclamation, having been going on for decades, is extremely successful in creating viable farmland for rice, grain and other staple crops, increasing Kamarupa's population and their yearly trade output.'
 * Scandinavian Empire: The infrastructure is expanded as repairs to the navy are made. Routine reconstruction of towns is made. More ships explore New Found Land. A new record among Scandinavian ships travelling from Scandinavia to Iceland is reached, sparking a bit of competition between explorers and sailors from Scandinavia. Scotch Whiskey becomes popular in Norway.
 * Mughal Empire: Mirza, finding out about his half-brothers ascension to the Marwari throne, as he already previously planned, confirms Raja Singh to be his heir and abdicates in order to live as a mountain goat in the region of Kashmir (Just kidding). After this, he requests a Hungarian ship with a crew of both Hungarians and Mughals that would travel with him through lands of Europe, where he would explore this unknown land. Raja Singh is invited to Kabul, to be crowned as Emperor-Khan. This is done swiftly due to Marwar bordering the Mughal Empire and seemingly because Rao Raja Singh already expected this. A personal union between Marwar and the Mughal Empire is created, and Raja Singh is quickly crowned as Emperor-Khan of the Mughals under the name Raja Singh ud-din Muhammad Bahadur. Emperor-Khan Rao Raja Singh ud-din Muhammad Bahadur also accepts the Oirats proposal for a Grand Eurasian Alliance, but only if the Oirats send 500 muskets to the Mughals along with instructions on how to make them. (Eco turn)
 * Marwar: After entering a personal union with the Mughals the economy prospers in Marwar, because of the trade between the two nations in the personal union. Although theoretically a Timurid noble, the Rathore dynasty rises as Raja Singh prepares to adopt much of the Mughali legislature, although adapted. (Eco turn)
 * Marrikuwuyanga Empire: The tribes had returned to the lands they had been previously forced to abandon and quickly settled. Due to the large ships provided by the Ayutthaya, the people were able to easily travel to the Tiwi Islands and return in time. This increased Emperor Yada Gulpilil's popularity who was now worshipped and referred to as the Almighty. The Emperor considered himself God, disregarding the fact that it was the Ayutthaya that had provided him with the medicine, ships and food. The Emperor called upon the tribes neighboring Marrikuwuyanga to give up their false gods and worship Emperor Yada. The Marrikuwuyanga had declared that any tribe that peacefully united with the Marrikuwuyanga would be allowed to keep their land, women, gold, etc, but anyone who resisted would be punished severely. The tribes specifically targeted were the Jawoyn, Yalngu and the Dangbon who controlled large territories. When a forest fire resulted in the deaths of 11 men from the Dangbon tribe, Emperor Yada declared that it was proof of his wrath and divinity. The Emperor Yada Gulpilil agreed to allow Ayutthaya to preach Hinduism and Buddhism as long as they mentioned the Emperor was God himself and the Ayutthaya made sure that the new converts did not attempt to replicate the Emperor's divinity. In return, the Ayutthaya would  provide weaponry and protection to the Marrikuwuyanga. Meanwhile, Marrikuwuyanga's influence continued to increase within the neighbouring tribes and the military was strengthened. The Emperor met with the elders of the Jawoyn tribe and offered his 'Divine Son' in marriage to their 'Mortal Daughter' and basically a union controlled by Emperor Yada's son in the future. The Elders were given an ultimatum of three years during which they had to decide. The Elders were also informed that on the 2nd year, the Emperor would prove his divinity but if they (Jawoyn elders) still refused, they would suffer for eternity.
 * ​The Kingdoms of Ayutthaya will agree to station a army of 1000 Ayutthayan regulars in the Marrikuwuyanga if the spread of Buddhism and Hinduism through the nation, making the King either a Boddhisvata or a minor god... just like the Kings of Ayutthaya.
 * Netherlands: Maurice and his queen have their 5th child a girl named Luisa. William the eldest son continues to grow up under the strict guidence of his father. Trade continues to grow as Dutch merchants travel across the known world pushing further east each trip to the orient in an attempt to reach china and open up trade with the great eastern dragon. Trading in the Malay islands continue to grow as the spices and sugar brought ot europe prove extremely profitable. Traders continue to learn the local lingos of the eastern hemisphere. Trade with the indian subcontinent also grows as traders establish themselves in large amounts. Efforts to secure a port for easier access along the route east and west lead to the Dutch attempts to open up trade with the Maldive islands. A trader requests access to Maldives ports (mod response please). more firearms and western goods are sold in the east. Naval and military expansion continue. Expansion of trade in Sunda continues as does trade with locals in the Moluccas and on Sulawesi. The wealth of the netherlander elite continue to grow as trade with the east becomes ever more profitable. The expedition west is finally launched after three years preparation and three ships set out to explore the New World, and determine if it is worth it to establish a presence in that part of the world. The arts and sciences continue to flourish under the reign of Maurice I. The Catholic minority continue to see their situation improve within the country, while more Jews enter the country and find a place for themselves within the rapidly expanding finance and trading sector.
 * Hamburg-Mecklenburg: Hamburg sends an envoy to Bavaria, asking them to calm down and lift the unnecessary embargo. Larger and more powerful ships continue to be built for the navy, while the merchant fleet grows. Exploration along Africa, India and Greenland continues.
 * Magdeburg: Military and economy expanded.
 * Alexandria: Trade continues to increase as the ports are re-established. More people are converted to Coptic Christianity due to the See of Saint Mark's presence. Many Muslims reconsider their faith seeing the prosperity that Christians live in. Resources are sent to Aiguptia to maintain and protect the canal as that process continues and workers are encouraged to go seek out this opportunity. The economy continues to pick up as trade expands to SE Asia. Christians in North African nations are invited to immigrate to Alexandria. Missionaries and dignitaries remain in the Nubia region hoping to convert and influence some of the Nile cities (Turn Twenty-two). The land acquired from Yemen by the Red Sea continues to see a port town established for sailors and merchants to rest before going into the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean, there is a medium increase in population as more people look to get into the trade business and travel from Castile and the Netherlands requires a stop for their sailors. In the province of Judea soldiers are to protect both Christian, Islamic and Jewish pilgrimages. Small amounts of conversions in Judea take place mainly converting Christians and Muslims to Coptic Christianity. Alexandria removes troops to the south as the region is now calm and free of revolt. Alexandria works extensively on its navy as it wishes to further explore the deepest reaches of the Great Eastern Sea (OTL Indian Ocean). An Alexandria expedition makes it to Dia Viet and Ming China and furthern north with the noble who negotiated the Treaty of Karachi. OTL Goa and Karachi continue to become a massive destination for Alexandrian trades and relationships continued to be established. Grigorios's engineers continue plans of a reconstructed lighthouse on the cite of the citadel. Relations are continued with the nation Vijaynagar, an we  continue establish more posts along the coast, especially at Goa.  Kafta and Kyricos become bolder and are taught to rule. An enclave at OTL Port Sudan begins to form due to trade (Sixth Turn). Immigration from traders and trading families increases to the trade enclaves in Alexander's Strait and the Somali enclaves. Kafta thanks and confirms alliances with his father's allies. Troops return to Alexandria. Kyricos recovers from injuries and his sickness. Kyricos revives the term Egypt in reference to Greater Alexandria. The Great Eastern Sea Trade Co requests to buy stocks in the Eastern Trade Co. Inf Turn.
 * Aiguptia: Continues to stabilize the nation. Engineers, cartographers and philosophers from all trade partners are offered jobs to work on expanding the Philadelphi Canal to take on present day cogs, treasure fleets and other ships. At many points ships can pass freely using two separate canals or wide man-made lakes. However, there are still flows to be worked out, and portions to be widened, although the work becomes minimal. Citizens and people in the surrounding regions and province are converted to Coptic Christianity. Missionaries continue to convert people, especially in Cairo. Cairo also attracts many in anticipation of the canal. The city at the crossing point of the canal OTL Zagazig, begins to be filled by merchants and people looking to get involved in the trade industry, but becomes known for poorer living conditions and being put at risk for the plague. Missionaries and organizers are sent to Nubia region to assist in building a kingdom there. Mercenaries are raised to assist the Alexandrian merchants in their conflict for safe trade in order to maintain a presence on the former Somali land. Alexandria's call to arms is answered through Aiguptia training is military and participates in the war games. Aiguptia expands another 25 px along the Jordan River  and into the peninsula.
 * Ethiopia: Grigorios and Kafta begins creating and developing relationships with local leaders. Shortly after the treaty everyone settles back into normal lifestyles. INF TURN.
 * In the Kingdoms of Ayutthaya, infrastructure projects continue. The practice of making nobles send their children to the city of Ayutthaya continues. The capital becomes a center for learning throughout the region. We continue to maintain influence over our region and our vassals. A new project begins to restructure the governmental systems in the vassals, giving nobles a set amount of land and holding them responsible to that area's success and prosperity. Furthermore, new voyages begin, attempting to connect China and Europe in a single voyage, passing through the Philidelphi Canal; it is a success, and the result is gigantic profits for the merchants concerned as well as the state. We continue to trade extensively with the region, especially Bengal, Japan and China. We begin to trade significantly with the Romans, with whom we have a trading treaty, and with the Hungarians through them. Our trade flows more heavily through the Philidelphi to the point where we AGAIN propose a trade treaty with the Romans, such that they can trade freely in Ayutthayan cities and vice versa. The Spire of Indaraja continues to be built, with it almost being completed, a mere five years expected left for it. Following the Marrikuwuyanga attempts to make some of the Ayutthayan merchants worship their emperor (which fail), the Ayutthayans begin to send Hindu and Buddhist priests to convert some of the population of the Marrikuwuyanga to those religions. As the Ayutthayans are viewed almost like gods in much of that nation, conversion moves swiftly. The armies of Ayutthaya continue to train, with new tactics being used to quickly manuver, thus being able to defeat larger enemy forces with a combination of pike and shot. At the same time, the military expands its usage of big guns, including siege guns and hand cannons, and these are used to great effect in training. Meanwhile, the T̄hnn k̄hxng phracêā, or "Road of God", is constructed across our vassals in Malaysia, a giant trade road that starts in Malacca and ends in the southernmost corner of the Majapahit, and will be completed in 1505. Another road, the T̄hnn thxng, or "Road of Gold", is constructed across Mainland Ayutthaya, which will be completed in 1500. The three religions of Ayutthaya continue to peacefully co-exist. However, the religion of the "Purists" continues to spread, to the point where a significant portion of the populace in Northern Ayutthaya is Purist. A group known as the "Hand of God" begins to carry out attacks on Muslims, and are declared to be traitors and renegades by the King, who orders them to be hunted down like bandits. However, after no less than three army patrols are attacked by the "Hand of God" militia, the people begin to fear Civil War …  All vassals - Aru, the Majapahit, Siak, and Aceh - develop their economies. Talks begin to perhaps make the Aceh a Kingdom of Ayutthaya - still a vassal, but closer to annexation, and support throughout the nation is high for this agreement. Meanwhile, the religions of Hinduism and Buddhism begin to merge, almost.
 * Zapotec: An increasing number of cases of the disease break out. The death toll in the Empire begins to rise dramatically. However, the children born to at least one white parent don't seem to contract the disease as easily. Trade continues with the Spanish. Tlaco II expands roadways connecting cities in the alliance to help merchants and soldiers move more freely between them. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. In the coastal regions under Danibaan's influence, more boats are created. Tlaco II orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Trade with the Aztecs commences after years of stagnation under Tlaco I. Trade continues with the Aztec break-away states the Mayans.
 * Castile Dip: We demand that Zapotec begin to provide us with gold and silver for our services as well as protection from other european powers.
 * Zapotec Diplomacy: The government does not give into demands. However, seeing the growing relationship between the two nations, some gold and silver will be allocated to the Spanish.
 * Castile: The Castilian economy has massively swelled with thanks to the creation of the Spanish confederation and the addition of Aragon's trade and military fleet at Castile's disposal. Castile, as leader of the Spanish confederation, begins a series of economic and military reforms on all the kingdoms in order to expand all the local economies and militaries and centralize the confederation's economies in general. Castile has begun the development of a series of new ships meant to replace some of the aging designs and add some new innovations. The Castilian navy begins to replace multiple ships with the new carracks as some of the largest ships in the Castile fleet. The Castilian renaissance with the addition of Aragon's renaissance techniques has exploded significantly and with permission from the monarchy embroiled with organizing the Spanish confederacy and multiple projects the Renaissance has led to a mass amount of art and technological innovation being developed. King Ferdinand unable to resist the opportunity of the new lands heard of immediately commissions three separate trading companies to cross the seas and scout out these new lands. Leaving from multiple points the fleets reach the new lands and immediately go their separate ways. One fleet, the smallest of the three composing of seven ships, sails south mapping and cataloguing go much farther south than they believed finding a huge natural harbor. This hints to these men to be the perfect place for a trade outpost as well as a city in the future.. The Colony of Buenos Aires expands by (10 px) up the coast. The Castilian populace reaches about 9,2 million and growing. Hostility with one of the more recently contacted tribes leads to nearly 150 men coming from new ships arriving using guns and swords to interrogate information from captured tribesman. The Castilians hearing of white men disappearing in the Maya kingdom sends in troops from Castile to interrogate locals in the area. In this situation three Spaniards kill a group of Mayans and take multiple women hostage. This is created by a problem of language barriers and the superiority attitude of the Spanish. One ship leaves to call for help from the kingdom in order to prevent the Castilian traders from being evicted. Trade goes much better with Zapotec as gold and various other goods are transferred between the two nations.
 * Kingdom of Aragon: The Kingdom's navy the military navy in particular is given to a series of respected and well known Aragonians loyal to Castile. Aragon's assimilation into Castile cultural base begins due to many nobles now speaking Spanish (Castilian) which shows a notable effect of a few people especially merchants and some developing artisans which are currently able to speak the language proficiently. Aragonians spurred on by Prince Carlos to rebuild Zaragoza continue the work needed to rebuild the city and the various burned towns surrounding the city with the city being moderately repaired. For the time being, however, the capital of Aragon proper is migrated to Valencia. With Castilian assistance various infrastructural areas are rebuilt and the military is expanded to a token force of 10,000. Along with this support the Aragonian economy recovers slowly with a slow but controlled influx of Castilian economic aid helping Aragon recover. The ruling magistrate over Aragon signs a landmark trade deal with Castile which allows for Aragon's usage of Castile's large amounts of trade posts down the coast of Africa. The Aragonians now in control of the Spanish South African trading company fund the creation of the expansion of the Trade outpost into a formal colony to be settled much like Morocco and Granada were by Castile. The Colony of Cape Ferdinand expands 10 px up the coast. Its mostly populated by Castilians who are the main people moving to the colonies. Aragons population continues to be culturally integrated with the next generation speaking primarily spanish with Catalan being phased out by the newer generation.
 * Kingdom of Cyprus: The King of Cyprus is now King Alexander of Cyprus. The King of Cyprus begins to see Castilian culture not as a dominant force but a possible blendable culture that can fit well within Cypriot society. The economy and military of the country is built up as is the infrastructure with a nice road system being built throughout the country. Cyprus gaining large funds from being a Castilian trade hub, begins building a few ships domestically, and purchases ships from Castile, or her allies shipwrights forming a respectable Cypriot navy of almost 90 ships with expected expansion to come. This expansion has been achieved specifically thanks to huge amounts of outsourcing to private shipwrights. Cyprus begins to see an exodus of the Knights Hospitaller west to Castile and her territories and King Matthias begins a larger recruitment for the military managing to raise a force of nearly 10,000. This force is largely funded through the large trade Cyprus has gathered. The troops are styled after Castile's royal army and Cyprus embarks on an intense training program in order to bring them up to standards. The Knights, with many departing, also have many older and other knights stay due to their close ties with Cyprus. They remain to run the Knights Hospitaller in Cyprus for the foreseeable future while a large number have migrated across the sea. The Kingdom of Cyprus due to the recent issues in Castile reluctantly recognizes Carlos and his Regency for Prince Ferdinand. Cyprus itself with its fleet of nearly 100 ships begins to take after the Venetian example with trade and begins to put Cypriot merchant ships into state possession for trade in order to help with the kingdom's finances and heavy trade. This show immediate results as a relative increase in funding and attention to trade between Castile and her allies begins to improve the quality of trade. The Assassins Guild sets up in Cyprus looking to prevent issues in the kingdom with corruption and serving as their base into Muslim countries.
 * Kingdom of Morocco: The Kingdom establishes its capital in Casablanca and with this, begins a major point of establishing a major military presence in the area. The infrastructure, particularly in dealing with transport and water, is expanded to accommodate more people but the only people allowed to settle are Christians - particularly from Hispania. A notable number of Castilians settle the area. The leader of Morocco styled a king, out of respect deducts himself in rank to Prince of Morocco as the throne is only to be held by the King of Castile himself if it's ever required. The country begins the construction of various canals and cultivates trees farther inland to help increase arable farmland. The Moroccan economy continue to expand with greater trade coming from Castile and the Canaries all the way down to Capo Verde increasing the relative wealth. The Kingdom with many canals having been completed has vastly expanded its farmland among other things. Morocco's total population reaches nearly 750,000 with Christianity becoming dominant in the area. Calne-Vicuna is finished and is opened as an center for Christianity in North Africa with a library said to rival old Alexandria's. The Moroccan Assassins Guild forms and spreads keeping the peace and killing the corrupt as well as making morocco much more peaceful for Castilian Rule.
 * Kongo: The Kingdom begins to work toward a trade and production economy focusing on helping provide resources for Castile's burgeoning West African trade network. The King of the Kongo converting to Christianity and being baptised begins to call for the expansion of ports to the best of the Kongolese architects' abilities. With the King also adopts the name John, in favor of the king who began these exploratory operations down the coast of Africa. The King also organized a band of Christian soldiers who help keep the peace who also begin to help with conversions to Christianity as a series of missionaries and high level priests from the Western Church have come on a ship hearing of many pagans and heretics to convert. The King makes multiple successful campaigns against various of the petty kings in Kongo killing two of them and leaving the third on the run. The Christianization of multiple areas is completed and multiple others are begun. The Kingdom of the Kongo in an attempt to increase economic output and trade begins to export a moderate amount of raw materials to Castile and begins to push toward heavy exploitation methods if possible.
 * Mapuche: in recent years, some Mapuche have begun to explore mathematics and scientific experiments with the desire to understand how the world works. Draven demands that the Castilians release the imprisoned Americans; any Spanish scout seen too far west will be attacked and interrogated. Such a scout is captured, imprisoned and interrogated, and from him the Mapuche learn about Europe and its civilizations. There are 40,000 Mapuche, thanks to smallpox.
 * Trier: We dedicate this turn to economy, as do our vassals. The states around us are influenced. Trade routes are established, opening trade among Hesse, Cologne, and Austria and her vassals. To improve infrastructure we begin building several defenses, and roads to link towns across the nation. Fortifications around our capital are improved and updated. The University of Trier is expanded.
 * Dai Viet: This turn is officially dedicated to economic expansion. The nation of Dai Viet begins expanding its military to protect the nation against any foreign attack. The government begins an active role in equipping some units, using its funds to ensure that the entirety of the militia is equipped with pikes and swords. Crossbows also begin to be used in select units, who are trained to be most effective during cavalry charges and to provide support for our infantry. Government forces are called and put to the test securing our southern border, garrisoning in recently acquired territory. Alongside expanding ground forces, the government also sees to need to expand naval forces, a process that began several decades ago. Small ships capable of longer journeys are constructed in major port cities, and cities in the south along the coast are expanded to facilitate naval activity on par with our northern cities. Trade ships are attracted to our major ports from nearby nations. Facilities are upgraded to better facilitate trade. With several dozen small trade ships and warships under the command of the government vassals, and several ships under its personal command, the government orders a series of operations in the east waters of the nation, hoping to root out pirates and protect trade routes. As a test of our navy, our largest warships, equipped with cannons and other weapons, make several expeditions around the Biển Đông (South China Sea). Several more trade posts are established in the Philippines. We also make several expeditions to the Riau Islands, where we come into contact with the Orang laut people.
 * Caucasian Confederation: The militaries of the Caucasian states expand, with the Georgian Navy receiving much attention as the Black Sea and Persian Gulf trades become more important. On the diplomatic front, the Caucasian kingdoms request permission from the Raja of Gujarat to construct a trading outpost at the mouth of the Sabatmati [OTL Khambhat] to enable trade between our two nations. [ Mod response needed! ] Additionally, the Confederation applies for membership in the Eastern Trade Company [application to be added this weekend when my finals finally end].
 * Roman Empire: The Empire continues to expand its trade, and the foundation of the new ETL as well as the new Exarchate of Phoenicia help make this a reality. The Empire continues to focus on upgrading its weapons and researching new ship designs. Due to countinuelly souring relations, more nobles support the rebels in Crete, but the government has not states a position on the matter.
 * Albania: The nation begins to experiment with mounting firearm-bearing troops on horses in an effort to make its renowned cavalry even more effective. While at first the horses jump at the firing of the weapons, they are eventually trained to maintain their composure, and while not entirely accurate, the troops are included in the cavalry forces.
 * Tawatinsuyu: Ecnomy is improved, begining to reclaim its pre-war levels. Construction of a new capital is 40% done, and people begin to move to Machu Picchu, with the popuation of the city hitting 10,000. The population of the entire empire stands at 824,000, with Cuzco remaining the most populted city in the empire, having 127,000 people in the city. Chan Chan is rebuilt, following the Cuzcan model of a golden city.
 * Milan: Work continues on the Certosa di Pavia, the Castle Visconteo, and on the extensive Milan Cathedral. We continue training a proper standing army, utilizing Swiss mercenaries and local recruits. With border disputes now settled between the nations of Austria and Switzerland, we continue opening friendly relations with both nations in hopes of repairing our diplomatic relations and protecting our northern border. We continue constructing cogs and galleys to strengthen our navy and protect our interests on the seas. Our turn is dedicated to economy in both our nation and our vassals. Many begin to call for a possible counter attack into Venice to end their clashes with Milan once and for all, and possible plans are created.
 * Novgorod: We continue the production of Koch boats, cannons, hand cannons, advanced crossbows, swords, and composite bows, increasing our military capabilities in case of war. The nation’s training and advancement of military continues. The recent classes of Koch ships are being manufactured in Novgorod. The town of St Patriksburg’s population grows a bit more that last year. As the construction of the town improves, the Kremlin finishes, trade becoming more in demand, the town gains slightly. Because of the trade road built with Tver our economy increases. After seeing a great success with the private schools in the cities of Novgorod, St Patriksburg, Staraya Russa, and Nizhny Novgorod. We start building another private school in Rostov and Yaroslavl. We complete building private schools in Torzhok and a private school in Staraya Ladoga. We dedicate this turn to economy . We continue to establish ties with our allies Muscovy and Pskov. We offer to help Pskov develop this new type of koch, and engineers in Novgorod begin producing a model of their own. The new ship, constructed almost exclusively for sea-based travel will be thirty meters in length. The new ship will have three masts, and becomes known as a trikoch. We also begin producing shitiks that are fifteen to twenty meters in length for the purpose of transporting cargo.
 * Tver: We complete the construction of the private school in Tver and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Yaroslavl, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Yaroslavl: We complete the construction of the private school in Yaroslavl and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Rostov: We completed the construction of the private school in Rostov and start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Yaroslavl, Muscovy. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Austria: This turn in both our nation and in all our vassals is dedicated to military. We train and expand our military using new experience from recent wars, and grow our nation economically. In Morocco our position in Melilla is fortified. All fortifications around the region are rebuilt and manned by stationed guards in case of an attack. To protect Melilla the construction of a fortress outside the city is considered, although postponed for now. The port of Melilla is rebuilt to begin operation as a trade port and military outpost. Construction continues on a shipyard in the Melilla port to facilitate the construction and repair of friendly ships. Melilla is granted a permanent naval garrison in the city’s port. to respond to dangers in the area, and to support the small garrison on land who mans the fortifications. Our position in Morocco is fortified by re-inforcements, bringing Melilla operational against attacks. For now a small fleet is stationed in its harbor, while its garrison continues to hold the north and its supply lines, supporting our Christian brethren. With much of the Muslim population of Melilla left dead after the war against Morocco, the local government attempts to entice settlers by offering large quantities of land to Christian settlers. Many Europeans, particularly of German descent and/or from central Europe begin settling the area around Melilla. With finances from Augsburg-based banking establishments, the Trieste Company continues to launch expeditions to West Africa. Abrechtburg has grown to a decently sized settlement, supporting a population of farmers, traders, and a small garrison of soldiers. The town also houses a well furbished fort, armed with a small amount of cannons intended to defend the settlement and the harbor from any attack. Built out of necessity, the port at Abrechtburg is refurbished and expanded to support more trade ships, and allied countries are welcomed to trade and stay in the town. The second largest settlement in Westenland, Dominusburg, follows suit, finishing the construction of a port similar to Abrechtburg ‘s. Trade posts continue to be built and exploited, now numbering several dozen along the coast of Westenland and into allied territory. Our reliance on the Wolof becomes less so, but we sign a trade agreement with their nation to continue our positive relationship. Deals are made with the Wolof for slaves and other goods. Conversion of the natives begin around the settlement. Several bimereiches and caravels begin construction in Trieste, Melilla, Corfu, and other ports, to further facilitate and protect overseas trade. Trade is increased with the Grand Duchy of Bavaria and other trade partners, bringing about new avenues of trade and commerce. We disapprove of the actions the nation of Venice has undertaken against our allies, and we secretly begin planning an attack if necessary. The postal system across Austria continues to grow. Ships begin trading with our allies in Alexandria and with several states past the canal.
 * Hungary and all its vassals and puppets and states in personal union work on expanding their armed forces. There is an increase in trading between them all, along with increased trading with Moscovy and thus allows economic growth. Road construction also continues as for greater trade, better infrastructure is needed. Hungary also focuses highly on building better naval ships and upgrading old ships as well as putting many obsolete ships into retirement. Increased trading with the Mughals allows the King the reasoning needed to start a trading company which would be run by the crown but be managed by privately by traders. The Company is called the Eastern Exploration and Trading Company and is almost immediately after given responsibility of handling affairs in the east. When the King hears the Mughal request, he allocates 20 ships to go to the Mughal Empire and bring the Emperor to Europe. Ladislaus continues to write his major theories into a book which he will publish soon into next year and he hopes his book becomes well read. Due to his oversight, the Grand University of Budapest continues to be constructed on time and on schedule. The Dereglyes are produced in greater numbers, while numerous cogs and galleys are made, too. However, the Dereglyes are given priority and with good reason, as these ships travel at very fast speeds. As more are constructed, five are allocated to the 20 ships travelling to the Mughal Empire and this will show off the Hungarian naval ingenuity. Hungary looks to join the ETC, as the EMTC collapses rapidly due to unforseen circumstances. The new Hungarian lands are renamed into Tripoli - after the largest city in the region, and a policy of taxing the Muslims due to religion begins, as hopes are instead of forcefully converting them, perhaps the residents of Tripoli could convert if they are taxed. This will also help provide the Crown with more funds. As well as this, ruined ports begin to be brought back to speed and reconstructed to house large fleets as well as increase trading.
 * Tripoli is not located in Benu Salyum. 
 * Pskov makes money due to banks, science and art spread, and Pskov's merchant navy grows due to privatge investment
 * Oyo Empire: Oyo holds another census, revealing a population 9,552,129 citizens. The navy is expanded, and trade with the rest of the world continues. The military, economy, and infrastructure are expanded by the government. (I'm running out of stuff to type. With the mods not supporting my trade attempts, and the issues with "plausibility", I'm quickly being reduced to one-liners.)
 * Grand Duchy of Moscow: The nation of Muscovy begins trading along routes routing through the nation of Novgorod and its vassals, and the nation of Pskov. Money collected through trade and taxation is saved this year in the Muscovite treasury in case of an emergency. Trade routes are established between the nations of Poland, Hungary, Rumania, and the Roman Empire, and we promote friendly relations with all these nations. We become closer to Novgorod through trade, relying on Novgorod for safe land routes into our northern territory. The nations of the Ukraine continue to be vassalized. In case of attack we expand our military, recruiting free levies from our cities to protect local regions of our nation. Pikes and crossbows become common equipment in some units after they begin to be produced locally to outfit local regiments. Bowmen continue to be an essential part of our military to provide support for melee units, with some gunpowder weaponry being used. In major cities kremlins are upgraded and outfitted with modern equipment and dedicated garrisons to combat any threat or invasion. The largest kremlin, located in Moscow, is especially upgraded, with new walls being added that are wider and can hold cannons. Italian architects are also invited to our courts to design certain aspects of the city. This turn in our nation and vassals is dedicated to economy.
 * Lithuania: This turn is officially dedicated to economy. Trade between Moscow, Prussia, and other nations helps to amass wealth, which is partially used to finance infrastructural projects and military fortifications.

1496
'''On one night in Italy thousands of books that are deemed immoral or sinful are gathered and burned in a large bonfire. The night becomes known as the Bonfire of the Vanities, being the largest of any such sermons in history to date.'''

There was a complaint in the mod page that given the previous religious events, this event makes no sense.--Collie Kaltenbrunner (talk) 07:33, May 8, 2014 (UTC)

'''Intrigued by birds and stories of mechanical innovations, Eberhard von Württemberg of Swabia begins construction of a flying machine. Upon testing the device personally however the machine fails and Eberhard is injured.'''


 * Portugal: Continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Leiname. By this time, the colony in Leiname starts to export wheat to Portugal. Meanwhile, some Portuguese explorers continue to explore the African coast. The Açores continue to be settled. Meanwhile, the new ships that been developed, called naus, and that are similar to the Castilian carracks, begin to be used. Naval explorations directed to the west continue, after news that new lands may have been found there. After news that lands have definitely been found arrive, a expedition led by Bartolomeu Dias is sent to map the place that Vasco da Gama found.instead of finding the place, Dias ends up leading his expedition even more at south than initially thought.the fleet anchors in a place that Dias calls Porto Seguro.Dias then claims this land for Portugal, and to solemnize that claim erects a wooden cross and two masses are held in one week, before the fleet returns to Portugal. Meanwhile, Sophia of Austria givs birth to a girl, who is named Urraca.
 * The Tartary continues to grow after the Time of Troubles. The population continues to grow throughout the nation, especially in small towns such as the villages of Mordovia and the new settler villages in the east. The growing population once again begins to push eastward, expanding 2500 sq km eastward into the undiscovered territories of the Yamal and Siberia, bringing several Nenetses, Komi, Enetses, Khanty and Mansi into the fold, having them settle down in the area much in the same way Nenetses were brought in at the start of the century. The economy and military are developed; the major cities experience large population growth. The first chivalric novels, emulating Western style (although with heavy Eastern elements) begin being written, especially in Azov and Qazan, which begin to become the capitals of Tatar literature. One noble, Alphonsus Quixat, begins to take a particular interest on these types of stories. The Mastorava continues spreading to peoples in the East, now starting to influence the faiths of tribal peoples in Siberia, as well as the population of the Khanate of Bukhara to the south. Alexander continues schooling with the best scholars and teachers money can buy in Saray; he begins to show signs of high intelligence, including the fact that he has high knowledge of the Tatar, Greek, Russian and Mordvin languages at such a young age as his. The Permic ruble begins to be officially adopted.
 * In Azov, the population continues to recover. The Crimean Tatar population continues to grow as Tatar farmers replace Ukrainian ones. Gothic townships also continue to grow. The population is at a net positive, and Ukrainians are now only about a fourth of the population. An excellent harvest leads to the growth of the economy, which at the same time leads to a development of the military.
 * In Perm the population continues to grow. The Mastorava strengthens itself as the major religious force in the nation, pushing back Islam and Christianity; many Mastoravic temples are built. However, due to orders from Emperor Theodore, no attempt at prozelytising west of the border occurs. Instead, the Permians begin supporting non-Russians to emigrate to Perm if they so wish.
 * In Adyghea, the population begins growing as recovery from the Plague is now complete. The Prince of Adyghea dies and is replaced by his son, which strengthens the power of the merchants. Economic growth is emphasised.
 * In Kazakhstan, the marriage between the Khan and the Jochid princess produces a sickly son before the Khan dies in a hunting accident, aged only 32. This leaves the Kazakh Khanate very open to Tatar influence. The economy, however, continues to grow.
 * Prussia: The Prussians begin to develop their military. The Prussians continue to build their new navy.
 * Courland: The Curonians also continue developing their military.
 * Ossel-Wiek: Ossel-Wiek also continues developing their military. Duke Franz continues to reshape the face of Arenburg.
 * Marrikuwuyanga Empire: The tribes had returned to the lands they had been previously forced to abandon and quickly settled. Due to the large ships provided by the Ayutthaya, the people were able to easily travel to the Tiwi Islands and return in time. This increased Emperor Yada Gulpilil's popularity who was now worshipped and referred to as the Almighty. The Emperor considered himself God, disregarding the fact that it was the Ayutthaya that had provided him with the medicine, ships and food. The Emperor called upon the tribes neighboring Marrikuwuyanga to give up their false gods and worship Emperor Yada. The Marrikuwuyanga had declared that any tribe that peacefully united with the Marrikuwuyanga would be allowed to keep their land, women, gold, etc, but anyone who resisted would be punished severely. The tribes specifically targeted were the Jawoyn, Yalngu and the Dangbon who controlled large territories. When a forest fire resulted in the deaths of 11 men from the Dangbon tribe, Emperor Yada declared that it was proof of his wrath and divinity. The Emperor Yada Gulpilil agreed to allow Ayutthaya to preach Hinduism and Buddhism as long as they mentioned the Emperor was God himself and the Ayutthaya made sure that the new converts did not attempt to replicate the Emperor's divinity. In return, the Ayutthaya had sent 1000 regulars for Marrikuwuyangan army. Meanwhile, Marrikuwuyanga's influence continued to increase within the neighbouring tribes and the military was strengthened. The Emperor had met with the elders of the Jawoyn tribe the previous year and offered his 'Divine Son' in marriage to their 'Mortal Daughter' and basically a union controlled by Emperor Yada's son in the future. The Elders were given an ultimatum of three years [now two years left] during which they had to decide. The Elders were also informed that in the second year, the Emperor would prove his divinity but if they (Jawoyn elders) still refused, they would suffer for eternity.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The news of the new lands are interesting to the king, yet he dismisses them as not pointless as it would take too long for now for there to be an exploration party there and that the main concern of the king is to establish his influence over all territories under his control. and to launch the final strike at Muslim North Africa. While this, in Artois a priest whose father was Dutch married to a French peasant begins preaching to avoid the Papacy's great mistake such as the lack of recognition of the Greek Rome during the crisis that nearly destroyed it, and the fact that the schism wasn't solved until the other side chose to talk. He begins preaching about a headless church with several similarities to that of the Dutch and the Catholic. He's called Louis Ebrecht. The monarchy decides to ignore him, and to reassure its people that it stands by the side of the church. However, insisting in the sole reason of the French church (as referred to its governing group) to recognize the Pope - yet to be independent.
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up. Economy expands.
 * Albret: Military and economy are built up.
 * Nemour: Military and economy are built up.
 * Guyenne: Military and economy are built up.
 * Berry: Military and economy are built up.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up.
 * Armagnac: Military and economy are built up.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy are built up.
 * Sardinia: Military and economy are built up.
 * Basel: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aargau: Military and economy are built up. The French presence begins to be felt. However, the attempts to establish a pro-Germanic government in order to avoid eventual uprisings, internal vassalization begins as well to fully convince German leadership.
 * Foix: Military and economy are built up.
 * La marche: Military and economy are built up.
 * Limoges Military and economy are built up.
 * Nevers: Military and economy are built up.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. The native population drops to 450,000 (from around 750,000 in the region) due mostly to the plague and the war. French nobles begin to arrive due to the relative power void. While this, the French navy begins docking in Tunis, soon renamed Carthage.
 * Otago Maori: We continue to build up our military and we invade several other tribes and make friends with others.
 * |onte continues to have a large surplus of grain. Though adopting "western farming", the idea of "the tribe" is still very much so alive, as people always share the crops they have grown, or the animals they have hunted amongst the community. Mon advocates the planting of trees in small groves. Throughout the year, Mon goes elephant hunting, though it is very dangerous, as he is hunting them with arquebuses, and the whole process requires much co-ordination. However, the results are said to be spectacular, as the tribe gains new wealth in the collected ivory, and the elephant meat is considered a rarity. The season resulted in six elephants being killed. Much of the younger generation knows how to hunt, and begin to help their parents, increasing the prosperity of the tribe. Not only do they know how to hunt, but in accordance with tribal tradition, each one of them may become a warrior if the need be, trained both in the arquebus and the bow, though the arquebus is gaining much ground against the arrow. |onte is becoming very rich with money made from elephant hunting, as they have nothing to spend the money on. Seeing that he plans for his sons to come back soon, he sends them large sums of money to buy and bring back to |onte the many wonders they have seen in Europe - mostly the technology.
 * Madagasikara continues to develop economically and culturally as the nation undergoes continued transformation from a former local chiefdom in a minor regional power. This new change is welcomed by King Andres, who urges the nation forward in a never before seen fashion that leads him to be largely revered in his nation. The dead priest Julio Marciano Gabriel begins to be venerated as a Saint in the local diocese, leading many to call for his canonization by the Pope. As more and more Spanish traders and merchants sail into our region of the world, the Spanish language continually diffuses through to the Latinized Malagasy language. Additionally, Swahili influences blot out many formerly Austronesian features of Malagasy culture and replace them with cultural affairs that are deemed more important to the cultural elite. At the University of Mahajanga, work on astronomy continues and this year a miraculous invention comes from the studies of many astronomers and scientists - the astrolabe. Almost right away, the Spanish governor seizes the prototype and has people in the city of Mahajanga work to construct additional samples, which are then sent to the King of Spain. One astrolabe manages to end up aboard the Tiavina flagship, which then goes on to make its longest journey yet - all the way to Bengal after stopping over at the Maldives. Maps of the night sky in the Southern Hemisphere begin to be sketched out by leading scientists. Farming and deforestation continue to push the frontier of Madagasikara farther inland, which then helps civilize the natives in the Highlands. The anti-poaching movement is relatively successful, but the issue still remains in some tropical and dense regions. Population increases drastically as more and more wealth increase the birth rate to six children per couple, with an infant mortality rate of 40%, but steadily declining due to the spread of Western science. In Betsileo cultural conversion continues and integration with Madagasikara comes closer to reality as Andres' wife dies and his son, Esteban inherits the throne of the Chiefdom of Betsileo. Vassalization of Mozambique continues. Pembara, Maputo and Sofala all continue to grow stronger in Christian faith as well as continuing to merge with Malagasy culture, which includes many Spanish and Swahili features. All three states expand slowly, with Maputo heading south while Sofala and Pembara both grow northward. Economic turn.
 * Bengal Sultanate: The decrease in taxes on the landed elite does its job in most areas of the Sultanate, decreasing the tax load on the peasantry and earning him their support. The tax cuts on the merchant class allow for more trade to be conducted, and a recent lax on some of the quota laws allows for more goods to be shipped from Bengal, greatly increasing trade income. Cash crops continue to be grown in large amounts. With our merchants traveling to Ava, Kamarumpa and Arakan regularly, Islam continues to grow in their areas. Most all trade roads continues to see much-needed maintenance. Due to Bengal having control over lands of multiple ethnicities and religions, literary works in the form of poems continue to take influence from all three religions of the Sultanate. Urdu, also called Hindi by some, becomes more common in the Sultanate due to the mixing of Hindu and Islamic ideals. We continue to help finance the Plutocratic State of Jaunpur, Delhi Sultanate and Bahamani Sultanate by sending gifts directly to the nobles/sultans, offering loans from powerful trade bankers, and decreasing the trade taxes over all of Bengal, allowing more of our merchant goods to travel into those states. We also raise a portion of the Sultan's personal levy and then divide it to be sent out to the states' leaders, so that they can do with them what they wish in order to maintain order in their nation. The construction of schools and universities several years ago has led to an increase in scholars and literacy in our nation. Due to the removal of trade barriers among a majority of states in the Indian League, their merchants and ours begin to travel with increased mobility and goods, thereby increasing the trade income and output in the agreeing nations. Several Bengali merchants continue to sponsor gem mines in the Mogok area of Ava, due to the high concentration of gems such as rubies, sapphires, garnets and moonstones, and the first of many mines begin to return with moderate successes. The University of Pānḍuẏāra (Pandua) continues construction and is estimated to be finished within one to two years. Construction of ships based upon Castilian designs, granted to us by them, continues, in order to further our efforts to explore and trade. Several popular works of poetry, written in Urdu, are bought and stored by the Sultan within his palace in Pandua due to him favoring these particular works over poetic works written in Bengali.
 * ​Emirate of Andamana: Illyas-Sasaska continues to reclaim land on the island to make room for farms, and to have timber for building both boats and houses. The Emirate expands another 500 km onto the island. The ships built by the timber from the island help contribute to Bengali trade. Continues working on economy and infrastructure.
 * Rajya of Orissa: Kapilendra Deva continues to listen to his advisers and bring about several reforms to his nation that make it more Islamic friendly, one of which is new, and calls for the creation of one mosque for each Hindu temple in the name of tolerance, when in reality, his advisers have prescribed this to bring about larger Islamic influence. The new University of Bhubanēśbara (Bhubaneswar) continues construction and is expected to be finished within two to three years.
 * Swargadeo of Kamarupa: Now vassalized by Bengal, the Swargadeo of Ahom continues to receive extensive help in creating viable farmland. They do this by continuing a process of land reclamation in the northern part of the state, which is largely marshy and thinly populated. This process of reclamation begins by using dikes, embankments and irrigation systems. The land reclamation, having been going on for decades, is extremely successful in creating viable farmland for rice, grain and other staple crops, increasing Kamarupa's population and their yearly trade output.'
 * The Nation of the Oirats: Cement and iron increase in production. Iron weapons are now majorly used. As we increase in population, we slowly target our expansion northward. We expand 50 px to the north. We continue to develop our firearms. We continue to study the printing press and make more of them. We buy more books from China. We continue making more muskets. We now have 10,000 primitive musketeers. We begin building up our military and create even tougher practices. We expand our settlement at North Baikal Lake. We expand our military and begin building dragoons or mounted musketeers.
 * Oirat D: We ask Mughal Empire, Tartary and Jianzhou Jurchens to form the Great Eurasian Alliance with us. We send 500 muskets and instructions to the Mughal Empire.
 * Rajya of Marwar: The economy continues to expand and the nation begins to influence Jaisalmer (Year One). Jaisalmer is also offered a unique trade pact that would allow it to trade with the Mughal Empire through Marwar (needs MOD response). During these events, Rao Raja Singh requests for the architects in Marwar who would design Mandirs in the Mughal Empire and also for Gurus to spread Hinduism in the Mughal Empire. The nation also supports numerous marriages between members of the Rajput clans and Mughali noble families.
 * Mughal Empire: The economy of the nations is continued to be developed and architects sent by Emperor-Khan Raja Singh ud-din Muhammad Bahadur develop blueprints for Mandirs all around the Mughal Empire. The 500 muskets gained from the Oirats are examined and the instructions are copied using the metalblock printing press. The Emperor-Khan along with his Council decides to make parts of Chagatai a protectorate/vassal because of the cultural differences which would cause problems if the Chagatay Turks were forced to accept Hinduism. The Southern Chagatai Khanate is partially restored as the Plutocratic State of the Former Southern Chagatai Khanate (PSotFSCK/PSFSCK) or as it is called informally, Southern Chagatai. Preparations are also made in order to move the capital to Lahore instead of Kabul in order to shorten the distance between the Marwari and Mughali capital.
 * Southern Chagatai (PSFSCK): The Council issues the developments of the economy in order to be less dependent on the Mughal Empire.
 * Mughal/Marwar Diplomacy: Raja Singh ud-din Muhammad Bahadur, as both Emperor-Khan and Rao pleads to the Plutocratic State of Jaunpur, wishing to improve their relations by arranging marriages of Rajput clan (more clans to make it clear) members and Jaunpur nobility members. (needs mod response)
 * Fusahito Theocracy: The construction of the city of Sendai is completed. The city is laid out in a grid layout, with a palace in the centre for the Govenor of the North, a title bestowed on the current govenor of the Date province. Gifts are sent to the other Daimyos to improve relations, including gold and jade. The Emperor continues with a series of reforms meant to gradually phase out and then abolish slavery in Japan, cracking down on the continuation of the purchase and sale of slaves. A new body is created in the hierachy of Imperial Shinto consisting of priests, a military secret police modelled on the Chinese Jinyiwei. These priests are given full authority to arrest, interrogate and punish anybody suspected of opposing the Emperor's decrees - including the nobility. The Emperor asks the Daimyo of the Yamana clan to join the Theocracy as a semi-autonomous state, explaining the benefits of being part of the most powerful Japanese state. In return, the Emperor offers the Daimyo a hereditary seat as governor of the Yamana region as well as adopting him into the Imperial family to increase the Daimyo's standing and influence. Mod response, please.
 * Isshiki State: The Isshiki State transfers further powers to the Theocratic government in Kyoto.
 * Aleppo Eyalet: We build up our military and navy. Our agriculture industry increases due to a huge boom in our population. The king tries to continue to westernise our country to be like the European countries. In this process we continue westernization and try to change our religion from Islam to Aleppo Eyaletian Orthodox. We make maps of outside routes to use to connect to our trade routes of our country. We continue to build dromon and goke ships for our navy. We continue to export wheat, legumes, tobacco, sesame, vegetables, and barley. Our country has opened its borders. We allow anyone to come into our nation. The reason for this is because of westernization. Our military continues to develop firearms. We continue to study the printing press and make more of them. We buy more books from the Roman Empire. We continue making more muskets for our troops. We continue building more churches in our country. Walls and outposts are continuing to be built around our capital city. The king is making more and more things Christian in his country. The continuing of a college in the capital city has begun. Also more schools are continuing to be built.
 * Hamburg-Mecklenburg: The HTSC decides on a 1500 launch date for the government-funded exploration of the newly discovered land. The economy continues to grow, and the military is improved. Meanwhile, some begin pushing for the integration of the Duchy of Mecklenburg with the Duchy of Hamburg, though Duke Friedrich decides to stay it off for a few years.
 * Magdeburg: Military and economy expanded.
 * Chiribaya We increase trade with Tawantinsuyu.
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Grand Duchess Eleanor formally opens relations with Saxony and Thuringia, offering alliances and trade pacts. Landshut expands its military. The population continues to rise. Grand Duchess Eleanor and her council continue to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with twenty-five very large cogs being finished, and by 1496 a trade route is put in place. Such important places in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany, due to a longstanding trade deal. Continuing in 1496, Eleanor commissions six cogs to sail around western Mediterranean coasts. The market center in Landshut continues to attract Bavarian and Venetian traders. In religious news, around 76% of the country adheres to the Western Church. Most adherents live around Munchen and Landshut. In other news, Bavaria continues implementing the Alliance and Merchant Act as well as the Militia and Navy Act. Eleanor ends her predecessor's policies of advancing Sedevanticism in the government. As the new Grand Duchess, Eleanor continues to vet and interrogate most of the powerful nobles of Bavaria. To work more efficiently, she appoints Vallerio Volpe as her spymaster. By the end of the year, Eleanor hosts a more developed middle class in Trausnitz than her numerous predecessors had. This earns her the sobriquet "The Middling Queen" to flavor the already popular "Merchant Queen" title. In other news, Eleanor continues to develop her cousin's seemingly successful administrative policies. Court physicians continue to bathe in religious ceremonies, hoping to appease God. In national news, the common courts continue to be implemented around Bavaria as several of the lower class make use it of. The serf laws begin to be used as well. While not extremely active, as many as three dozen serfs earn their freedom by the end of the year. Many freed serfs find work and home in the cities, while others continue to informally live on their lords' lands. This situation becomes a status quo and is foreseen to last the century. Many skeptics of Eleanor's reforms predict they will not affect Bavaria much until 1500. In educational news, Eleanor expresses interest of opening the Queen Isabell University to more men. Eleanor further incorporates the Collegiate Writs, allowing many more lower class men to enter college, after an exchange of 100 ducats and an agreement to lodge within the college. In legal news, Eleanor continues to introduce the Bavarian Commands, which are a set of laws pertaining to the royalty and the privileges of the head. In other news, Oldenburg continues to be embargoed and Eleanor is not swayed by Duke Christian's half-hearted response, reminding him that marrying Franz would have secured a safe marriage where a personal union would be heavily unlikely, much more unlikely than the marriage to the Duke of Hamburg. With the Duke of Hamburg, his eldest child or even himself can easily press a claim on the Oldenburger crown, despite the younger child being of a different dynasty. If Adelheid had married Franz, this would not be so. Franz' and Adelheid's children would all be under her dynasty, since Franz already has two children from his first marriage whom were born under his dynasty and thus are his heirs. Eleanor continues to state that the Bavarian marriage is far more advantageous and safe than the Hamburger marriage. (Also, as an explanation, you originally said yes to the marriage and that it made sense, but then suddenly changed it within a day and claimed it was a confusing match and instead married the Hamburger duke with no other children.)
 * Munchen: By 1496, the total class of Queen Isabell University amounts to about 3900 men. Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Wurzburg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. The clergy of Wurzburg find small solace as the Grand Duchess is the somewhat temperate, analytic Eleanor.
 * Mate, I'm sorry I changed it, but I hadn't seen Hamburg's offer, and I genuinely want the princess living closer to Oldenburg. Whether a Bavarian match would make more sense is now completely irrelevant: she married the Hamburger duke like two years ago. I honestly think a trade embargo is an overkill reation to nuptial disappointment. Callumthered (talk) 23:55, May 8, 2014 (UTC)
 * Eire (Member Nation of the UKGA): Following the formation of Eire, the Norman Rebellions and years of consolidation of power by the king, the feudal system, much more recently established in Eire than the rest of Europe, finally breaks down. The dukes of the five provinces of Eire are all dead, their lands held by the king, and the old heads of clans are now country gentlemen living out their lives on the edge of the newly-established towns, the only thing of note is them holding a place in the King's Clan Assembly, styled after the English House of Lords. Nationalism is beginning to supplant feudalism. The people of Eire, who have loved the king and his policies for the advancement of the common folk begin to think of themselves as Eirics, with their own nation and church rather than O'Brians, O'Kennedys, or members of another clan. The old clan system finally breaks down, and in its place is a modern European nation with its eyes to the future. Indeed it was symbolic that in 1486, the old king, Eamon died in his sleep, a hero that matched, and even surpassed his father in places. His son, Tomas II, rises to the throne. Tomas, a bookish fellow who has his nose in tales about old Eire, and Albion has developed a sense of history that makes him into an effective ruler, that uses lessons from the past often. His first edict is to maintain the roads that brought Eire together with a civilian guard. These reforms make the roads safer for trade, and as a result, trade on the island blossoms. The middle class, having grown over the past 85 years until it has made a sizable part of the population. Fledgling merchant guilds begin to spring up, especially after the complete fall of feudalism. We add the recently acquired cannons to our military and begin to use early gunpowder weapons, as gunpowder has been used amongst the populace for a certain amount of time and it is quite easy to acquire. Levies are trained in the use of gunpowder weapons, though we outlaw the unsanctioned creation of it to prevent bombs from being created by the populace. We begin trading with the the Oldenburger colonies in the "Ice-Land", despite the actual amount of money being made from the trade being low, many wealthy Eirics buy seal fur products and enjoy them, allowing a small but thriving trade with Oldenburg to blossom, and it prompts an era of exploration and new interest in the tales of "St Brendan's Land" and "Hy-Brasil", as many ambitious upper-classmen seek to fund exploration to new lands to find new sources of the seal products and the fabled brazilwood at "Hy-Brasil" Eoghan O'Brian embarks on his first voyage into the Atlantic, and returns empty-handed. The King, being no stranger to those legends himself, begins to commission expeditions into the Atlantic, with the old hulks and cogs being made smaller and sleeker and more akin to Mediterranean long-distance vessels. As the situation in Venice is becoming unstable, we take over Ballydrogheda until they are able to resume operations in this far region. We offer Venetians passage back to Venice, yet many, who are Irish in all but heritage spread out into the countryside or stay at the port city. The comet scares some, with a minor riot happening in Connaucht, but Eamon II believes it is an omen from God that He has not forgotten Eire and what it has done to found the Western Church, the One True Faith.
 * Castile: The Castilian economy has massively swelled with thanks to the creation of the Spanish confederation and the addition of Aragon's trade and military fleet at Castile's disposal. Castile, as leader of the Spanish confederation, begins a series of economic and military reforms on all the kingdoms in order to expand all the local economies and militaries and centralize the confederation's economies in general. Castile has begun the development of a series of new ships meant to replace some of the aging designs and add some new innovations. The Castilian navy begins to replace multiple ships with the new carracks as some of the largest ships in the Castile fleet. The Castilian renaissance with the addition of Aragon's renaissance techniques has exploded significantly and with permission from the monarchy embroiled with organizing the Spanish confederacy and multiple projects the Renaissance has led to a mass amount of art and technological innovation being developed. King Ferdinand unable to resist the opportunity of the new lands heard of immediately commissions three separate trading companies to cross the seas and scout out these new lands. Leaving from multiple points the fleets reach the new lands and immediately go their separate ways. One fleet, the smallest of the three composing of seven ships, sails south mapping and cataloguing go much farther south than they believed finding a huge natural harbor. This hints to these men to be the perfect place for a trade outpost as well as a city in the future.. The Colony of Buenos Aires expands by (10 px) up the coast. The Castilian populace reaches about 9,2 million and growing. The Castilians hearing of white men disappearing in the Maya kingdom sends in troops from Castile to interrogate locals in the area. In this situation three Spaniards kill a group of Mayans and take multiple women hostage. This is created by a problem of language barriers and the superiority attitude of the Spanish. One ship leaves to call for help from the kingdom in order to prevent the Castilian traders from being evicted. Trade goes much better with Zapotec as gold and various other goods are transferred between the two nations. Castilian traders officially done with dealing with the mapuche request that Castilian troops be sent. Nearly 600 troops are sent and are unloaded with their full equipment to confront the Mapuche.
 * Kingdom of Aragon: The Kingdom's navy the military navy in particular is given to a series of respected and well known Aragonians loyal to Castile. Aragon's assimilation into Castile cultural base begins due to many nobles now speaking Spanish (Castilian) which shows a notable effect of a few people especially merchants and some developing artisans which are currently able to speak the language proficiently. Aragonians spurred on by Prince Carlos to rebuild Zaragoza continue the work needed to rebuild the city and the various burned towns surrounding the city with the city being moderately repaired. For the time being, however, the capital of Aragon proper is migrated to Valencia. With Castilian assistance various infrastructural areas are rebuilt and the military is expanded to a token force of 10,000. Along with this support the Aragonian economy recovers slowly with a slow but controlled influx of Castilian economic aid helping Aragon recover. The ruling magistrate over Aragon signs a landmark trade deal with Castile which allows for Aragon's usage of Castile's large amounts of trade posts down the coast of Africa. The Aragonians now in control of the Spanish South African trading company fund the creation of the expansion of the Trade outpost into a formal colony to be settled much like Morocco and Granada were by Castile. The Colony of Cape Ferdinand expands 10 px up the coast. Its mostly populated by Castilians who are the main people moving to the colonies. Aragons population continues to be culturally integrated with the next generation speaking primarily spanish with Catalan being phased out by the newer generation. Some aragonian troops acompany the castilian forces to the americas to show aragons support for not only its leading nation but its eventual unification as well.
 * Kingdom of Cyprus: The King of Cyprus is now King Alexander of Cyprus. The King of Cyprus begins to see Castilian culture not as a dominant force but a possible blendable culture that can fit well within Cypriot society. The economy and military of the country is built up as is the infrastructure with a nice road system being built throughout the country. Cyprus gaining large funds from being a Castilian trade hub, begins building a few ships domestically, and purchases ships from Castile, or her allies shipwrights forming a respectable Cypriot navy of almost 90 ships with expected expansion to come. This expansion has been achieved specifically thanks to huge amounts of outsourcing to private shipwrights. Cyprus begins to see an exodus of the Knights Hospitaller west to Castile and her territories and King Matthias begins a larger recruitment for the military managing to raise a force of nearly 10,000. This force is largely funded through the large trade Cyprus has gathered. The troops are styled after Castile's royal army and Cyprus embarks on an intense training program in order to bring them up to standards. The Knights, with many departing, also have many older and other knights stay due to their close ties with Cyprus. They remain to run the Knights Hospitaller in Cyprus for the foreseeable future while a large number have migrated across the sea. The Kingdom of Cyprus due to the recent issues in Castile reluctantly recognizes Carlos and his Regency for Prince Ferdinand. Cyprus itself with its fleet of nearly 100 ships begins to take after the Venetian example with trade and begins to put Cypriot merchant ships into state possession for trade in order to help with the kingdom's finances and heavy trade. This show immediate results as a relative increase in funding and attention to trade between Castile and her allies begins to improve the quality of trade. The Assassins Guild sets up in Cyprus looking to prevent issues in the kingdom with corruption and serving as their base into Muslim countries.
 * Kingdom of Morocco: The Kingdom establishes its capital in Casablanca and with this, begins a major point of establishing a major military presence in the area. The infrastructure, particularly in dealing with transport and water, is expanded to accommodate more people but the only people allowed to settle are Christians - particularly from Hispania. A notable number of Castilians settle the area. The leader of Morocco styled a king, out of respect deducts himself in rank to Prince of Morocco as the throne is only to be held by the King of Castile himself if it's ever required. The country begins the construction of various canals and cultivates trees farther inland to help increase arable farmland. The Moroccan economy continue to expand with greater trade coming from Castile and the Canaries all the way down to Capo Verde increasing the relative wealth. The Kingdom with many canals having been completed has vastly expanded its farmland among other things. Morocco's total population reaches nearly 750,000 with Christianity becoming dominant in the area. Calne-Vicuna is finished and is opened as an center for Christianity in North Africa with a library said to rival old Alexandria's. The Moroccan Assassins Guild forms and spreads keeping the peace and killing the corrupt as well as making morocco much more peaceful for Castilian Rule.
 * Kongo: The Kingdom begins to work toward a trade and production economy focusing on helping provide resources for Castile's burgeoning West African trade network. The King of the Kongo converting to Christianity and being baptised begins to call for the expansion of ports to the best of the Kongolese architects' abilities. With the King also adopts the name John, in favor of the king who began these exploratory operations down the coast of Africa. The King also organized a band of Christian soldiers who help keep the peace who also begin to help with conversions to Christianity as a series of missionaries and high level priests from the Western Church have come on a ship hearing of many pagans and heretics to convert. The King makes multiple successful campaigns against various of the petty kings in Kongo killing two of them and leaving the third on the run. The Christianization of multiple areas is completed and multiple others are begun. The Kingdom of the Kongo in an attempt to increase economic output and trade begins to export a moderate amount of raw materials to Castile and begins to push toward heavy exploitation methods if possible.
 * Pskov's economy grows with its share of the european market.Pskov gains more prominence as the center of East European renaissance, and arts and sciences continue to experiment with stuff.
 * In the Kingdoms of Ayutthaya, infrastructure projects continue. The practice of making nobles send their children to the city of Ayutthaya continues. The capital becomes a center for learning throughout the region. We continue to maintain influence over our region and our vassals. A new project begins to restructure the governmental systems in the vassals, giving nobles a set amount of land and holding them responsible to that area's success and prosperity. Furthermore, new voyages begin, attempting to connect China and Europe in a single voyage, passing through the Philidelphi Canal; it is a success, and the result is gigantic profits for the merchants concerned as well as the state. We continue to trade extensively with the region, especially Bengal, Japan and China. We begin to trade significantly with the Romans, with whom we have a trading treaty, and with the Hungarians through them. We thank Rome for agreeing to our treaties, and the resultant boom of Ayutthayan trade in Europe makes Ayutthaya one of the richest nations in the world. The Spire of Indaraja continues to be built, with it almost being completed, a mere four years expected left for it. Following the Marrikuwuyanga attempts to make some of the Ayutthayan merchants worship their emperor (which fail), the Ayutthayans begin to send Hindu and Buddhist priests to convert some of the population of the Marrikuwuyanga to those religions. As the Ayutthayans are viewed almost like gods in much of that nation, conversion moves swiftly. The Emperor of the Marrikuwuyanga is, of course, pictured as a Boddhisvata and a minor god. The armies of Ayutthaya continue to train, with new tactics being used to quickly manuver, thus being able to defeat larger enemy forces with a combination of pike and shot. At the same time, the military expands its usage of big guns, including siege guns and hand cannons, and these are used to great effect in training. Meanwhile, the T̄hnn k̄hxng phracêā, or "Road of God", is constructed across our vassals in Malaysia, a giant trade road that starts in Malacca and ends in the southernmost corner of the Majapahit, and will be completed in 1505. Another road, the T̄hnn thxng, or "Road of Gold", is constructed across Mainland Ayutthaya, which will be completed in 1500. The three religions of Ayutthaya continue to peacefully co-exist. However, the religion of the "Purists" continues to spread, to the point where a significant portion of the populace in Northern Ayutthaya is Purist. A group known as the "Hand of God" begins to carry out attacks on Muslims, and are declared to be traitors and renegades by the King, who orders them to be hunted down like bandits. However, after no less than three army patrols are attacked by the "Hand of God" militia, the people begin to fear Civil War. The King attempts to dissuade these rumors, but as the Hand of God gets more bold, the King orders an army to march up North and deal with the insurgents, under Lord Naresuan. All vassals - Aru, the Majapahit and Siak - develop their militaries. Following talks over six years, it is agreed to make Aceh part of the Kingdoms of Ayutthaya. An order emerges against the "Purists", who begin to merge the religions of Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism, and to a very limited extent, Islam. Meanwhile, as we open our borders to India through Sukhothai, a flood of immigrants arrive (like, IDK, 100-1000?).
 * Tawatinsuyu: Military is reorganized, allowing for more productive use of the Inca army. Construction of a new capital continues, as the city is now populated with 24,000 people. The population of Cuzco, still the largest city in the empire, is 131,000. Population around the enitre empire hits about 833,000. We begin to push more into the medical/science fields, studying the human body and other species in the srea. Reorganization continues as the empire is divided into four districts. We begin to adapt our farming techniques similar to that of the Ica-Nazca, whose system was far superior to Cuzco's.
 * The Kingdoms of Great Albion (Scotland and England) - member nation of the UKGA: Many ships are modernized and replaced to keep the Royal Albion Navy a powerful forces on the high seas. Port Edmundburg continues to experience a growth in population. Albionic settlers continue to explore the surrounding areas. The Albionic Royal Navy begins better mapping Africa for the Crown. After decades of cultural merging, a new, Celto-Germanic culture finally begins to take firmer root. The English language has grown in official use and now royal documents, previously in Latin, are now translated into English. Troops that fought in the Pan-Hispania Wars return home and facilitate a minor baby boom. These experienced soldiers now train the army and navy commanders in advanced battle tactics. All ships passing through the channel are monitored for any signs of infection. The new dialect of English found in Eire has spread to Wales and Scotland. English nobles begin to enjoy the Celtic myths of Eire and Scotland. Port Edmundburg is declared a crown colony (OTL Sierra Leone) after decades as a profitable trade outpost. Expansion is planned next year to accommodate the growing population. A new city in the south of England begins to grow. The city's name is Gotham. The Templar Order continues to undercut the King's enemies and seeks ways to privately grow the power of the King and Albion as a whole. The Order buys up many smaller businesses and collectivizes some farms. The Order begins to expand into other areas of Europe, seeking to grow understanding as well as pushing Albionic ideals. Albion continues to explore further West. King Edmund II dies in bed after fighting a long series of illnesses, his son James of Tyne, becomes King James I. The Western Exploration Committee grants a charter to the Royal Plymouth Company to establish a small colony near OTL Boston, The colonies proposed name is New Gotham. Cartographer Alfred Reddington begins mapping the coasts of the New World. He petitions the King to hold a lottery on what the name of theses new lands will be.
 * Brittany: Brittany is officially placed under Albionic influence. The military and navy are expanded.
 * Calais: Military and navy are expanded.
 * Dublin: Dublin undergoes another remodel and expansion to the ports due to the massive influx of trade from Castile and Venice as well as an increased Eire trade.
 * Scotland: Expands navy and military. Pan Albion sentiments grow, Trade increases. Whiskey is traded down to central Albion.
 * Wales: Wales expands its military and navy. Cardiff becomes a large centre of trade for Wales. The Welsh appoint Adam Cyrdger as Royal Minister. The first sessions of parliament are held. Wales does not see as large a population boom as Albion or Scotland, but a minor one, centered around Cardiff and Swansea, does occur.
 * Alexandria: Trade continues to increase as the ports are re-established. More people are converted to Coptic Christianity due to the See of Saint Mark's presence. Many Muslims reconsider their faith seeing the prosperity that Christians live in. Resources are sent to Aiguptia to maintain and protect the canal as that process continues and workers are encouraged to go seek out this opportunity. The economy continues to pick up as trade expands to SE Asia. Christians in North African nations are invited to immigrate to Alexandria. Missionaries and dignitaries remain in the Nubia region hoping to convert and influence some of the Nile cities (Turn Twenty-three). The land acquired from Yemen by the Red Sea continues to see a port town established for sailors and merchants to rest before going into the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean, there is a medium increase in population as more people look to get into the trade business and travel from Castile and the Netherlands requires a stop for their sailors. In the province of Judea soldiers are to protect both Christian, Islamic and Jewish pilgrimages. Small amounts of conversions in Judea take place mainly converting Christians and Muslims to Coptic Christianity. Alexandria removes troops to the south as the region is now calm and free of revolt. Alexandria works extensively on its navy as it wishes to further explore the deepest reaches of the Great Eastern Sea (OTL Indian Ocean). An Alexandria expedition makes it to Dia Viet and Ming China and farther north with the noble who negotiated the Treaty of Karachi. OTL Goa and Karachi continue to become a massive destination for Alexandrian trades and relationships continued to be established. Grigorios's engineers continue plans of a reconstructed lighthouse on the cite of the citadel. Relations are continued with the nation Vijaynagar, an we  continue establish more posts along the coast, especially at Goa.  Kafta and Kyricos become bolder and are taught to rule. An enclave at OTL Port Sudan begins to form due to trade (Seventh Turn). Immigration from traders and trading families increases to the trade enclaves in Alexander's Strait and the Somali enclaves. Kafta thanks and confirms alliances with his father's allies. . Troops return to Alexandria. Kyricos recovers from injuries and his sickness. Kyricos revives the term Egypt in reference to Greater Alexandria. The Great Eastern Sea Trade Co requests to buy stocks in the Eastern Trade Co. Inf Turn.
 * Aiguptia: Continues to stabilize the nation. Engineers, cartographers and philosophers from all trade partners are offered jobs to work on expanding the Philadelphi Canal to take on present day cogs, treasure fleets and other ships. At many points ships can pass freely using two separate canals or wide man-made lakes. However, there are still flows to be worked out, and portions to be widened, although the work becomes minimal. Citizens and people in the surrounding regions and province are converted to Coptic Christianity. Missionaries continue to convert people, especially in Cairo. Cairo also attracts many in anticipation of the canal. The city at the crossing point of the canal OTL Zagazig, begins to be filled by merchants and people looking to get involved in the trade industry, but becomes known for poorer living conditions and being put at risk for the plague. Missionaries and organizers are sent to Nubia region to assist in building a kingdom there. Mercenaries are raised to assist the Alexandrian merchants in their conflict for safe trade in order to maintain a presence on the former Somali land. Alexandria's call to arms is answered through Aiguptia training is military and participates in the war games. Aiguptia expands another 25 px along the Jordan River  and into the peninsula.
 * Ethiopia: Grigorios and Kafta begins creating and developing relationships with local leaders. Shortly after the treaty everyone settles back into normal lifestyles. INF TURN.
 * Caucasian Confederation: The militaries of the Caucasian states expand, with the Georgian Navy receiving much attention as the Black Sea and Persian Gulf trades become more important. On the diplomatic front, the Caucasian kingdoms request permission from the Raja of Gujarat to construct a trading outpost at the mouth of the Sabatmati [OTL Khambhat] to enable trade between our two nations. [ Mod response needed! ] Additionally, the Confederation applies for membership in the Eastern Trade Company [application to be added this weekend when my finals finally end].
 * Milan: Work continues on the Certosa di Pavia, the Castle Visconteo, and on the extensive Milan Cathedral. We continue training a proper standing army, utilizing Swiss mercenaries and local recruits. With border disputes now settled between the nations of Austria and Switzerland, we continue opening friendly relations with both nations in hopes of repairing our diplomatic relations and protecting our northern border. We continue constructing cogs and galleys to strengthen our navy and protect our interests on the seas. Our turn is dedicated to military in both our nation and our vassals. Many begin to call for a possible counter attack into Venice to end their clashes with Milan once and for all, and possible plans are created.
 * Novgorod: We continue the production of Koch boats, cannons, hand cannons, advanced crossbows, swords, and composite bows, increasing our military capabilities in case of war. The nation’s training and advancement of military continues. The recent classes of Koch ships are being manufactured in Novgorod. The town of St Patriksburg’s population grows a bit more that last year. As the construction of the town improves, the Kremlin finishes, trade becoming more in demand, the town gains slightly. Because of the trade road built with Tver our economy increases. After seeing a great success with the private schools in the cities of Novgorod, St Patriksburg, Staraya Russa, and Nizhny Novgorod. We start building another private school in Rostov and Yaroslavl. We complete building private schools in Torzhok and a private school in Staraya Ladoga. We dedicate this turn to economy . We continue to establish ties with our allies Muscovy and Pskov. We offer to help Pskov develop this new type of koch, and engineers in Novgorod begin producing a model of their own. The new ship, constructed almost exclusively for sea-based travel will be thirty meters in length. The new ship will have three masts, and becomes known as a trikoch. We also begin producing shitiks that are fifteen to twenty meters in length for the purpose of transporting cargo.
 * Tver: We complete the construction of the private school in Tver and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Yaroslavl, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Yaroslavl: We complete the construction of the private school in Yaroslavl and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Rostov: We completed the construction of the private school in Rostov and start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Yaroslavl, Muscovy. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Scandinavian Empire: The military is expanded, including those of the vassals and of Scandinavia proper. It urges its allies in the Holy Roman Empire to leave it. The Scandinavians increase their navy, building new ships. It extends wishes to improve relationships with Prussia and with Novgorod.
 * Zapotec: A large minority of the population is now sick. The Spanish aid is greatly appreciated. The Emperor begins to finance Spanish settlers to come to the kingdom and marry into the population, hoping the children they have will be immune. This is a hard decision, as it increases fears of xenophobia, but it is ultimately decided that it is what is best for the nation. Trade increases and continues with the Spanish. Tlaco II expands roadways connecting cities in the alliance to help merchants and soldiers move more freely between them. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. In the coastal regions under Danibaan's influence, more boats are created. Tlaco II orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Trade with the Aztecs commences after years of stagnation under Tlaco I. Trade continues with the Aztec break-away states the Mayans.
 * Mapuche:  War with the Spanish begins. The Spaniards, due to their horses and guns, win several opening battles and begin to push west; some Mapuche begin to question Draven's decision-making, as it is known that he is an arrogant, brash person. There is not major sense of panic yet. Some Mapuche troops do manage to capture some Spanish guns, though upon further examination no one can figure out how to manufacture gunpowder. There are 39,000 Mapuche.
 * Rumania: Mircea II, now 39, continues to work on improving the economy; Iron, Salt, and Coal mines dot the landscape. Coal begins to become a major resource produced. These mines provide the resources required by the foundries and traders on the coast. The Danube becomes a highway of commerce, hundreds of barges travel up and down its length transporting people, materials, goods, and ideas. The printing press continues to spread across Rumania. As much as 8.5% of the nation has reached basic literacy, and the Moralists promote education of commoners by priests, in order to give everyone the opportunity to read the bible. The Eastern Trade Company grows significantly. Stephen, now 21, begins to take over from his father, he co-rules over Moldavia. He has his first child Alexia, a strong and healthy daughter.
 * The Consulate of Bulgaria: The economy continues to grow. The printing press spreads south into Bulgaria just as in Rumania. Ties with Rumania are strengthened; hundreds of Romanians move into the country, seeking cheap and productive land, and inter-marriage becomes very common. Bulgarians also begin to migrating to trade towns in Romania to seek more economic opportunities. Bulgarian populations in Rumania now represent a large minority, and the same can be said about Romanians in Bulgaria. Ethnic tensions are uncommon in both nations as multi-ethnic communities existed before the large migrations.
 * Austria: This turn in both our nation and in all our vassals is dedicated to economy. We train and expand our military using new experience from recent wars, and grow our nation economically. In Morocco our position in Melilla is fortified. All fortifications around the region are rebuilt and manned by stationed guards in case of an attack. To protect Melilla the construction of a fortress outside the city is considered, although postponed for now. The port of Melilla is rebuilt to begin operation as a trade port and military outpost. Construction continues on a shipyard in the Melilla port to facilitate the construction and repair of friendly ships. Melilla is granted a permanent naval garrison in the city’s port. to respond to dangers in the area, and to support the small garrison on land who mans the fortifications. Our position in Morocco is fortified by re-inforcements, bringing Melilla operational against attacks. For now a small fleet is stationed in its harbor, while its garrison continues to hold the north and its supply lines, supporting our Christian brethren. With much of the Muslim population of Melilla left dead after the war against Morocco, the local government attempts to entice settlers by offering large quantities of land to Christian settlers. Many Europeans, particularly of German descent and/or from central Europe begin settling the area around Melilla. With finances from Augsburg-based banking establishments, the Trieste Company continues to launch expeditions to West Africa. Abrechtburg has grown to a decently sized settlement, supporting a population of farmers, traders, and a small garrison of soldiers. The town also houses a well furbished fort, armed with a small amount of cannons intended to defend the settlement and the harbor from any attack. Built out of necessity, the port at Abrechtburg is refurbished and expanded to support more trade ships, and allied countries are welcomed to trade and stay in the town. The second largest settlement in Westenland, Dominusburg, follows suit, finishing the construction of a port similar to Abrechtburg ‘s. Trade posts continue to be built and exploited, now numbering several dozen along the coast of Westenland and into allied territory. Our reliance on the Wolof becomes less so, but we sign a trade agreement with their nation to continue our positive relationship. Deals are made with the Wolof for slaves and other goods. Conversion of the natives begin around the settlement. Several bimereiches and caravels begin construction in Trieste, Melilla, Corfu, and other ports, to further facilitate and protect overseas trade. Trade is increased with the Grand Duchy of Bavaria and other trade partners, bringing about new avenues of trade and commerce. We disapprove of the actions the nation of Venice has undertaken against our allies, and we secretly begin planning an attack if necessary. The postal system across Austria continues to grow. Ships begin trading with our allies in Alexandria and with several states past the canal.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire continues to expand its trade, and the foundation of the new ETL as well as the new Exarchate of Phoenicia help make this a reality. The Empire continues to focus on upgrading its weapons and researching new ship designs. Due to countinuelly souring relations, more nobles support the rebels in Crete, but the government has not states a position on the matter.
 * Albania: The nation begins to experiment with mounting firearm-bearing troops on horses in an effort to make its renowned cavalry even more effective. While at first the horses jump at the firing of the weapons, they are eventually trained to maintain their composure, and while not entirely accurate, the troops are included in the cavalry forces.
 * County of Oldenburg: The economy improves, and the OHG has another good year. The Bavarian trade embargo has virtually no impact on the economy: Bavaria has never been an important trading partner.
 * Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: Military is built up.
 * Trier: We dedicate this turn to military, as do our vassals. The states around us are influenced. Trade routes are established, opening trade among Hesse, Cologne, and Austria and her vassals. To improve infrastructure we begin building several defenses, and roads to link towns across the nation. Fortifications around our capital are improved and updated. The University of Trier is expanded.

1497
The Bunyoro-Kitara Empire and the Kingdom of Buganda continue centralisation in opposition to each other and Rwanda.

The !Xóõ begin adopting technology from the nearby Zulu, as well as farming techniques, which begins to indicate a spread of technology to the Khoisan.

Smallpox kills many Khoekhoe in the Cape of Good Hope.

'''The Sultan of Aleppo is assassinated by his advisors and nobles, horrified by his sudden adoption of Christianity. The effort is done in wake of a popular revolt forming, with many across the country threatening to taking up arms against the government if policies are not changed. '''
 * Portugal: Continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Leiname. By this time, the colony in Leiname starts to export wheat to Portugal. Meanwhile, some Portuguese explorers continue to explore the African coast. The Açores continue to be settled. Meanwhile, the new ships that been developed, called naus, and that are similar to the Castilian carracks, begin to be used. Naval explorations directed to the west continue, after news that new lands may have been found there. A colony is established in the place that Bartolomeu Dias' fleet landed.The colony is for now, called Vera Cruz. Meanwhile, Sophia of Austria givs birth to a boy, who is named Garcia.
 * |onte continues to have a large surplus of grain. Though adopting "western farming", the idea of "the tribe" is still very much so alive, as people always share the crops they have grown, or the animals they have hunted amongst the community. Mon advocates the planting of trees in small groves. Throughout the year, Mon goes elephant hunting, though it is very dangerous, as he is hunting them with arquebuses, and the whole process requires much co-ordination. However, the results are said to be spectacular, as the tribe gains new wealth in the collected ivory, and the elephant meat is considered a rarity. The season resulted in six elephants being killed. Much of the younger generation knows how to hunt, and begin to help their parents, increasing the prosperity of the tribe. Not only do they know how to hunt, but in accordance with tribal tradition, each one of them may become a warrior if the need be, trained both in the arquebus and the bow, though the arquebus is gaining much ground against the arrow. |onte is becoming very rich with money made from elephant hunting, as they have nothing to spend the money on. Mon becomes sick, and calls his children home, but by the time they reach home, Mon has already died. The three children come back with multiple boats filled with purchased merchandise, ranging from writing utensils, to the most recent muskets. Mon II, amazed with European beauty, brings some females (of very poor, farming, low descent) back to possible influence how some of the |on appear. Ma-n!o, the one that studied Castillian navy, commerece, the army, and how they are built, commissions the building of three large which he predicts to be done in four years. Debarubo, who studied both the army, and the arts, begins his first conquest spree, by expanding the coastal nation 50 sq km inland (12 pixels added to the 12 coast pixels), though these lands are mostly uninhabited after the constant |on raidings, making expansion into them quite easy. Mon II, who studied the sciences, does not do much of anything noticeable, and confines himself to his mud house all day.
 * The Kingdoms of Great Albion (Scotland and England) - member nation of the UKGA: Many ships are modernized and replaced to keep the Royal Albion Navy a powerful forces on the high seas. Port Edmundburg continues to experience a growth in population. Albionic settlers continue to explore the surrounding areas. The Albionic Royal Navy begins better mapping Africa for the Crown. After decades of cultural merging, a new, Celto-Germanic culture finally begins to take firmer root. The English language has grown in official use and now royal documents, previously in Latin, are now translated into English. Troops that fought in the Pan-Hispania Wars return home and facilitate a minor baby boom. These experienced soldiers now train the army and navy commanders in advanced battle tactics. All ships passing through the channel are monitored for any signs of infection. The new dialect of English found in Eire has spread to Wales and Scotland. English nobles begin to enjoy the Celtic myths of Eire and Scotland. Port Edmundburg is declared a crown colony (OTL Sierra Leone) after decades as a profitable trade outpost. Expansion is planned next year to accommodate the growing population. A new city in the south of England begins to grow. The city's name is Gotham. The Templar Order continues to undercut the King's enemies and seeks ways to privately grow the power of the King and Albion as a whole. The Order buys up many smaller businesses and collectivizes some farms. The Order begins to expand into other areas of Europe, seeking to grow understanding as well as pushing Albionic ideals. Albion continues to explore farther West. King Edmund II dies in bed after fighting a long series of illnesses, his son James of Tyne, becomes King James I. The Western Exploration Committee grants a charter to the Royal Plymouth Company to establish a small colony near OTL Boston, The colonies proposed name is New Gotham. Cartographer Alfred Reddington begins mapping the coasts of the New World. With the lottery complete, Reddington tentatively names the northern landmass Borealia.
 * Brittany: Brittany is officially placed under Albionic influence. The military and navy are expanded.
 * Calais: Military and navy are expanded.
 * Dublin: Dublin undergoes another remodel and expansion to the ports due to the massive influx of trade from Castile and Venice as well as an increased Eire trade.
 * Scotland: Expands navy and military. Pan Albion sentiments grow, Trade increases. Whiskey is traded down to central Albion.
 * Wales: Wales expands its military and navy. Cardiff becomes a large centre of trade for Wales. The Welsh appoint Adam Cyrdger as Royal Minister. The first sessions of parliament are held. Wales does not see as large a population boom as Albion or Scotland, but a minor one, centered around Cardiff and Swansea, does occur.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The news of the new lands are interesting to the king, yet he dismisses them as not pointless as it would take too long for now for there to be an exploration party there and that the main concern of the king is to establish his influence over all territories under his control. and to launch the final strike at Muslim North Africa. While this, in Artois a priest whose father was Dutch married to a French peasant begins preaching to avoid the Papacy's great mistake such as the lack of recognition of the Greek Rome during the crisis that nearly destroyed it, and the fact that the schism wasn't solved until the other side chose to talk. He begins preaching about a headless church with several similarities to that of the Dutch and the Catholic. He's called Louis Ebrecht. The monarchy decides to ignore him, and to reassure its people that it stands by the side of the church. However, insisting in the sole reason of the French church (as referred to its governing group) to recognize the Pope - yet to be independent. France launches an invasion of Tunisia in order to subdue the remnants of the Hafsid domain. France also shows up the map of the new French kingdom to start its effects from 1498, annexing most of its vassals, minus Burgundy, Lorraine, part of Bourbon, Verdun, Andorra Basel, Aargau and the vassals beyond sea as Sardinia and Africa are.FRANCE_1497.png
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up. Economy expands.
 * Albret: Military and economy are built up.
 * Nemour: Military and economy are built up.
 * Guyenne: Military and economy are built up.
 * Berry: Military and economy are built up.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up.
 * Armagnac: Military and economy are built up.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy are built up.
 * Sardinia: Military and economy are built up.
 * Basel: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aargau: Military and economy are built up. The French presence begins to be felt. However, the attempts to establish a pro-Germanic government in order to avoid eventual uprisings, internal vassalization begins as well to fully convince German leadership.
 * Foix: Military and economy are built up.
 * La marche: Military and economy are built up.
 * Limoges Military and economy are built up.
 * Nevers: Military and economy are built up.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. The native population drops to 450,000 (from around 750,000 in the region) due mostly to the plague and the war. French nobles begin to arrive due to the relative power void. While this, the French navy begins docking in Tunis, soon renamed Carthage. Declares war on them in order to take the land Africa deserves to possess as the truly heir of the Carthaginian and African Kingdom.
 * Otago Maori: We continue to expand in New Zealand. We also invade a few nearby tribes and have expanded our military and population.
 * RexImperio Edit: First of all, I would like to remind you that you joined last turn so I am not sure what you mean by years of expansion. Moving on, you must remember that the Maori never built ships or ports and they certainly did not call upon foreign nations to trade with them. Another thing is, stop posting as if you're France's colony. I fixed it for you ... Finally, read the rules regarding expansion, development, etc.
 * Otago Maori - got it, I'm changing it.
 * Marrikuwuyanga Empire: The tribes had returned to the lands they had been previously forced to abandon and quickly settled. Due to the large ships provided by the Ayutthaya, the people were able to easily travel to the Tiwi Islands and return in time. This increased Emperor Yada Gulpilil's popularity who was now worshipped and referred to as the Almighty. The Emperor considered himself God, disregarding the fact that it was the Ayutthaya that had provided him with the medicine, ships and food. The Emperor called upon the tribes neighboring Marrikuwuyanga to give up their false gods and worship Emperor Yada. The Marrikuwuyanga had declared that any tribe that peacefully united with the Marrikuwuyanga would be allowed to keep their land, women, gold, etc, but anyone who resisted would be punished severely. The tribes specifically targeted were the Jawoyn, Yalngu and the Dangbon who controlled large territories. When a forest fire resulted in the deaths of 11 men from the Dangbon tribe, Emperor Yada declared that it was proof of his wrath and divinity. The Emperor Yada Gulpilil agreed to allow Ayutthaya to preach Hinduism and Buddhism as long as they mentioned the Emperor was God himself and the Ayutthaya made sure that the new converts did not attempt to replicate the Emperor's divinity. In return, the Ayutthaya had sent 1000 regulars for Marrikuwuyangan army. Meanwhile, Marrikuwuyanga's influence continued to increase within the neighbouring tribes and the military was strengthened. The Emperor had met with the elders of the Jawoyn tribe the previous year and offered his 'Divine Son' in marriage to their 'Mortal Daughter' and basically a union controlled by Emperor Yada's son in the future. The Elders were given an ultimatum of three years [now one year left] during which they had to decide. The Elders were also informed that in the second year, that the Emperor would also prove his divinity but if they (Jawoyn elders) still refused, they would suffer for eternity. It was the second year, and to prove his divinity and that god was on their side, Emperor Yada Gulpilil declared war on the tribe Yolngu and invaded it. [Algorithm On Talk Page]
 * Madagasikara mourns as the beloved King Andrés passes away. Religious ceremonies take place in the most remote locations to the largest churches of Mahajanga and other main cities. After the death of Andrés, the Bishop of the Diocese of the Swahili Coast crowns Esteban as Emperor of Madagasikara, High Chief of the Madagasiakara League, Chief of Sanafah and Sakalava, and all other auxillary titles. The nation continues to develop develop economically and culturally due to the Spanish presence on the island and on the mainland. Julio Marciano Gabriel continues to be venerated and many continue to call for his canonization. He is unofficially beatified by the Bishop due to the fact that the small diocese does not receive much international attention. As more and more Spanish traders and merchants sail into our region of the world, the Spanish language continually diffuses through to the Latinized Malagasy language. Additionally, Swahili influences blot out many formerly Austronesian features of Malagasy culture and replace them with cultural affairs that are deemed more important to the cultural elite. The astrolabe allows for much greater exploration capabilities, and the navy once again is reinvigorated and construction on another flagship caravel like the Tiavina commences. Maps of the night sky in the Southern Hemisphere continue to be sketched out by leading scientists. Farming and deforestation continue to push the frontier of Madagasikara farther inland, which then helps civilize the natives in the Highlands. The anti-poaching movement continues to experience relative succes. Population increases drastically as more and more wealth increase the birth rate to seven children per couple. Meanwhile, Mozambique is fully vassalized. In Betsileo, the official creation of personal union by virtue of Emperor Esteban leads to increased calls for integration. Both nations are almost culturally identical as a mixing pot of Austronesian, Bantu, Swahili, and Spanish cultures, and Christianity continues to spread. Betsileo begins to carve out its own potential vassal in the form of Kilwa, which is about 50 percent Christian after intense missionary activities in the region. Military turn.
 * Pembara, Maputo and Sofala all continue to grow stronger in Christian faith as well as continuing to merge with Malagasy culture, which includes many Spanish and Swahili features. Infrastructure in these frontier regions is improved, as roads and small forts and garrisons along the frontier are built over time. This encourages settlement, and all three states expand slightly faster, with Maputo heading south while Sofala and Pembara both grow northward. Plans to integrate Sofala and Maputo are underway. Mozambique, or Mozambika as it is now called, expands to the southwest to connect with Sofala, and also begins to officially catch up with Madagasikara culturally and technologically.
 * County of Oldenburg: Infrastructure is built up significantly this year. Most public buildings are tidied up and some are modernised. The major church of Oldenburg gets a tarting-up. The main roads are fixed by a large number of the count's serfs. In other news, plans for the 1500 expedition continue to be laid. Captains are chosen for the two ships, and they begin hand-picking their crews.
 * Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: Bishop Klemens organises a select group of friars and priests to serve as missionaries (and ministers) for the expedition. Military is improved.
 * Mayan Empire: With some of our women taken hostage, The God Emperor demands that they be released, and continue to try to hold back the sickness that afflicts the Maya people. The construction of pyramids gets underway, and The God Emperor sends a message to the Zapotec: He wishes to arrange a peace treaty with the white men, and will be willing to trade some of the farming goods of the Maya with the Spanish, as long as they maintain peace with the Mayan Empire:
 * Netherlands: The expedition from the Netherlands finally reaches the New World landing farther south then hoped for with the men reaching the mouth of the Orinoco river. The Dutch eventually return home after a few months there mapping the coastline and evaluating the lands, upon their return the members of the expedition offer mixed opinions with many speaking of a legends of a city made of gold somewhere in the new continent (based on the OTL legends of El Dorado) which are mainly based on the stories coming out of Spain of the great civilizations of the Mayans, Inca and Zapotec, though these stories are not confirmed while others claims in the expedition consider the idea of moving west a bad investment due to lack of visible resources, and the tropical climate of the region. While Maurice wants to mount a second expedition he is turned down by the States-General who want to focus on what they know will be profitable or in other words the eastern trade routes. Dutch traders continue to push the frontier of the Netherlands trade routes in the orient and on the dark continent, though Maurice finally succeeds in getting them to agree to him financing another expedition to the New World out of his own money. Dutch traders who had been moving along the African coast are stranded near the |onte, Which puts them in contact with the Khoisan tribes of OTL Namibia. Meanwhile in the near east Dutch traders request that trade with the Tatar open up in their hopes to access the markets of central Asia, specially the fur trade. the Proto-bourgeois class in the Netherlands continue to grow in power and influence as their earnings from the oriental trade grow at unprecedented rates. With the profits becoming larger and larger, along with the influence of those that finance it, Maurice as promised grants the rights over the trade routes with the east to members of the merchant guild and to certain bankers and investors within the Netherlands, this group form the new Dutch East India Company, they are granted complete control over their business. The East Indias Company in co-operation with the Bank of Holland, the Merchant guild and other companies and trading institutions begin experimenting with proto-stock exchanges with the ownership of the east India's company, ownership of the iron mines in Wallonia, and the slave and ivory trade as the tradable stocks (this had already began to occur OTL in England, Venice, the lowlands, and Genoa). The East Indias Company at once starts securing the trade routes with the east and purchasing ships and hiring sailors to help organize the company and its trade. The arts and sciences continue to flourish in the Netherlands. The Elites of the kingdom are now amongst the richest in Europe and amongst the most carefree in Europe as they invest their money into trade and reaping huge benefits. Military and naval expansion continue as the need to protect Dutch ships also arise. Maurice requests that Albion and Scandinavia join them in turning the North Sea Trade League into a formal military alliance to protect the interests of the three nations and to secure and sustain through military, economic and political means dominance over trade in Northern Europe. Meanwhile Netherlander diplomats extend a formal invitation to France to join the North Sea Trade League.
 * |onte hosts the stranded Dutch merchants, and throws them a very wild party. Elephant meat is given to them, and what little they have of European alcoholic beverages is given. They also give them half on ivory tusk. Mon II makes quick progress with understanding the Dutch, and in a mixture of signs and broken Dutch, he tells them that they wish to be good partners.
 * Aleppo Eyalet: We build up our military and navy. Our agriculture industry increases due to a huge boom in our population. The sultan tries to continue to westernise our country to be like the European countries. In this process we continue westernization and try to change our religion from Islam to Aleppo Eyaletian Orthodox. We make maps of outside routes to use to connect to our trade routes of our country. We continue to build dromon and goke ships for our navy. We continue to export wheat, legumes, tobacco, sesame, vegetables, and barley. Our country has opened its borders. We allow anyone to come into our nation. The reason for this is because of westernization. Our military continues to develop firearms. We continue to study the printing press and make more of them. We buy more books from the Roman Empire. We continue making more muskets for our troops. We continue building more churches in our country. Walls and outposts are continuing to be built around our capital city. The king is making more and more things Christian in his country. The continuing of a college in the capital city has begun. Also more schools are continuing to be built. Do to the assassination of Kader, the new regent sultan will be Omar, twin brother of Kader. When Mirza turns 18 he will gain full leadership of the country, for now he is in the sultan position but gets help from his uncle. The new sultan allows people to practice whatever religion the person wants. Taxes are withdrawn from all Muslims, Christians, and Jews. We end the revolts by telling the Muslims that we will pay the leaders of the revolts 1500 silver coins to stop.
 * you cant simply pay off the leaders and leave things as they are right now, the majority of your population is Islamic unless you suppress them militarily or come to a compromise you would have very large problems. With Blood and Iron (talk) 16:18, May 9, 2014 (UTC)
 * I have crossed out a few parts. - Mscoree
 * The Nation of the Oirats: Cement and iron increase in production. Iron weapons are now majorly used. As we increase in population, we slowly target our expansion northward. We expand 50 px to the north. We continue to develop our firearms. We continue to study the printing press and make more of them. We buy more books from China. We continue making more muskets. We now have 10,000 primitive musketeers. We begin building up our military and create even tougher practices. We expand our settlement at North Baikal Lake. We expand our military and begin building dragoons or mounted musketeers. We make printing presses.
 * Oirat D: We ask Mughal Empire, Tartary and Jianzhou Jurchens to form the Great Eurasian Alliance with us.
 * Prussia: The Prussians begin to develop their military. The Prussians continue to build their new navy.
 * Courland: The Curonians also continue developing their military.
 * Ossel-Wiek: Ossel-Wiek also continues developing their military. Duke Franz continues to reshape the face of Arensburg. Duke Franz renames his Duchy Estland, recognizing that the majority of his subjects are of the Eesti people.
 * Fusahito Theocracy: The city of Sendai begins to grow, with many members of the nobility eager to buy property in the newly constructed city. Similarly, many of the lesser nobility,craftsmen and artisans clamour to live in the modern city. Gifts are sent to the other Daimyos to improve relations, including gold and jade. The Emperor continues with a series of reforms meant to gradually phase out and then abolish slavery in Japan, cracking down on the continuation of the purchase and sale of slaves. The new religious police, modelled on the Chinese Jinyiwei begin to crack down on the slave trade, with full authority to arrest, interrogate and punish anybody suspected of opposing the Emperor's decrees - including the nobility. The Emperor asks the Daimyo of the Yamana clan to join the Theocracy as a semi-autonomous state, explaining the benefits of being part of the most powerful Japanese state. In return, the Emperor offers the Daimyo a hereditary seat as governor of the Yamana region as well as adopting him into the Imperial family to increase the Daimyo's standing and influence. Mod response, please.
 * Isshiki State: The Isshiki State transfers further powers to the Theocratic government in Kyoto.
 * Yamana (mod) diplomacy: the Yamana clan agrees to join the Theocracy in a gradual process, rather than immediatly.
 * Hamburg-Mecklenburg: The military and economy expanded, and exploration continues. Bavaria is again asked to lift the embargo on Oldenburg. Duke Friedrich is disappointed Hamburg wasn't invited to the new military alliance in the North Sea Trade League. Exploration along Africa, Asia and Greenland continues.
 * Magdeburg: military and economy expanded.
 * Scandinavian Empire: The economy is expanded as the powerhouse of a merchant navy continues to be a staple member of European trade. Scandinavia expresses interest in turning the North Sea Trade League into a military alliance in order to protect the assets of its trading allies and partners. The Scandinavian vassals see quite a bit of gold this year as well; their economies expand along with that of their master nation. Exploration of New Found Land continues.
 * Eire (Member Nation of the UKGA): Eoghan O'Briain, intrigued by tales of a western land, goes on another voyage in a fleet of six ships sponsored by the King Tomas II, who has attained the title recently gained the title "the Enterprising" for his sponsorship of merchant-class enterprises and especially voyages of exploration. O'Briain eventually runs into the coast of Newfoundland, around OTL St John, and dubs it "Hy-Brasil" after the mythical isle in Eiric mythology. His travels take him north of Hy-Brasil, and he eventually makes his way to the coast of OTL Labrador, runs into the mainland, and follows it southwest along the coast of the mainland. After realizing that the land is much larger than Hy-Brasil, he dubs it St Brendan's Land, after the Eiric saint who went west and reached the Land of the Blessed. He returns to Eire, and makes a name for himself by presenting goods from those regions, notably maple syrup, dried cod, and a beaver pelt in front of the King. The King, exceedingly happy that they have discovered the rumored "Western Lands" that had been explored by several nations before, including Albion who told Eire rough tales about its location. We seek to expand Albion's domains and foster trade from the western lands to the east, as Eire is in a prime position for pan-Atlantic trade. We ask to meet with Albion to discuss the future of these regions and what impact they have on the UKGA. Meanwhile, the Western Church continues to grow, especially after the first printing presses are introduced to Eire by Venetian and Albionic traders. Printed Bibles rise in popularity due to how inexpensive they are, and a center of printing develops at Ballydrogheda. It is reported that the King and the high clergy of the Church admire them for how inexpensive they are, and how they can bring the Word of God to the masses, one thing the Western Church is about.
 * Rajya of Marwar: The economy continues to expand and the nation begins to influence Jaisalmer (Year Two). Jaisalmer is also offered a unique trade pact that would allow it to trade with the Mughal Empire through Marwar (needs MOD response). During these events, Rao Raja Singh sends more architects from Marwar towho would design Mandirs in the Mughal Empire and also for Gurus to spread Hinduism in the Mughal Empire. The nation also supports numerous marriages between members of the Rajput clans and Mughali noble families.
 * Mughal Empire: The economy of the nations is continued to be developed and architects sent by Emperor-Khan Raja Singh ud-din Muhammad Bahadur develop blueprints for Mandirs all around the Mughal Empire. Further preparations are also made in order to move the capital to Lahore instead of Kabul in order to shorten the distance between the Marwari and Mughali capital. Former Mughal Emperor-Khan, Mirza, has sent a letter to his half-brother. He states that he has arrived in a land called Hungary, where he visited the young Ladislaus who was given copies of Mughali archives a few years ago. He also states that he is amazed by the lands, and will continue exploring Europe.
 * Southern Chagatai (PSFSCK): A new council chairman rises after the death of a respected Chagatai noble. He is the first council member to be Hinduist.
 * Mughal/Marwar Diplomacy: Raja Singh ud-din Muhammad Bahadur, as both Emperor-Khan and Rao pleads to the Plutocratic State of Jaunpur, wishing to improve their relations by arranging marriages of Rajput clan (more clans to make it clear) members and Jaunpur nobility members. (needs mod response)
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Grand Duchess Eleanor formally opens relations with Saxony and Thuringia, offering alliances and trade pacts. Landshut expands its military. The population continues to rise. Grand Duchess Eleanor and her council continue to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with twenty-five very large cogs being finished, and by 1497 a trade route is put in place. Such important places in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany, due to a longstanding trade deal. Continuing in 1497, Eleanor commissions six cogs to sail around western Mediterranean coasts. The market center in Landshut continues to attract Bavarian and Venetian traders. In religious news, around 76% of the country adheres to the Western Church. Most adherents live around Munchen and Landshut. In other news, Bavaria continues implementing the Alliance and Merchant Act as well as the Militia and Navy Act. Eleanor ends her predecessor's policies of advancing Sedevanticism in the government. As the new Grand Duchess, Eleanor continues to vet and interrogate most of the powerful nobles of Bavaria. To work more efficiently, she appoints Vallerio Volpe as her spymaster. By the end of the year, Eleanor hosts a more developed middle class in Trausnitz than her numerous predecessors had. This earns her the sobriquet "The Middling Queen" to flavor the already popular "Merchant Queen" title. In other news, Eleanor continues to develop her cousin's seemingly successful administrative policies. Court physicians continue to bathe in religious ceremonies, hoping to appease God. In national news, the common courts continue to be implemented around Bavaria as several of the lower class make use it of. The serf laws begin to be used as well. While not extremely active, as many as three dozen serfs earn their freedom by the end of the year. Many freed serfs find work and home in the cities, while others continue to informally live on their lords' lands. This situation becomes a status quo and is foreseen to last the century. Many skeptics of Eleanor's reforms predict they will not affect Bavaria much until 1500. In educational news, Eleanor expresses interest of opening the Queen Isabell University to more men. Eleanor further incorporates the Collegiate Writs, allowing many more lower class men to enter college, after an exchange of 100 ducats and an agreement to lodge within the college. In legal news, Eleanor continues to introduce the Bavarian Commands, which are a set of laws pertaining to the royalty and the privileges of the head. In other news, Oldenburg continues to be embargoed. In happy news, Franz-Albert marries Beatrice Kossili, daughter of wealthy Venetian-Greek merchant, Julian DiCicerono Kossili. Within five weeks of their marriage, Beatrice is pregnant. By the end of the year, a son is born, whom is named Charles.
 * Munchen: By 1497, the total class of Queen Isabell University amounts to about 4500 men. Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. The Collegiate Writs begin to draw more men to college,
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Wurzburg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. The clergy of Wurzburg find small solace as the Grand Duchess is the somewhat temperate, analytic Eleanor.
 * Tawatinsuyu: Economy grows significantly as internal trade increases. Research into the medical and scientific fields continues. Internally, the political situation remains calm for now. In a way to create a more stable empire, people of Cuzcan descent are encouraged to move into the newly conquered areas, in an attempt to blend the cultures of the empire. Population hits 850,000, with Machu Picchu's popuation hitting 22,000. The City of Cuzco's population reaches 140,000. Reconstruction and construction continues across the empire, with a foucus on Cuzco, Machu Picchu, and Chan Chan, creating the "golden cities" of the empire.
 * Caucasian Confederation: The militaries of the Caucasian states expand, with the Georgian Navy receiving much attention as the Black Sea and Persian Gulf trades become more important. On the diplomatic front, the Caucasian kingdoms request permission from the Raja of Gujarat to construct a trading outpost at the mouth of the Sabatmati [OTL Khambhat] to enable trade between our two nations. [ Mod response needed! ] Additionally, the Confederation applies for membership in the Eastern Trade Company.
 * Rumania: Mircea II, now 40, continues to work on improving the economy; Iron, Salt, and Coal mines dot the landscape. Coal begins to become a major resource produced. These mines provide the resources required by the foundries and traders on the coast. The Danube becomes a highway of commerce, hundreds of barges travel up and down its length transporting people, materials, goods, and ideas. The printing press continues to spread across Rumania. As much as 8.5% of the nation has reached basic literacy, and the Moralists promote education of commoners by priests, in order to give everyone the opportunity to read the bible. The Eastern Trade Company grows. Stephen, now 22, begins to take over from his father, he co-rules over Moldavia. Meanwhile he continues to be educated. His desire to learn is nigh unquenchable, he studies whatever mechanisms he can find. This passion for knowledge leads him to want to increase the scientific level of Rumania. He commissions several schools for the children of boyars and wealthy merchants. The schools teach Romanian, Latin, and Greek, along with Arithmetic and History.
 * The Consulate of Bulgaria: The economy continues to grow. The printing press spreads south into Bulgaria just as in Rumania. Ties with Rumania are strengthened; hundreds of Romanians move into the country, seeking cheap and productive land, and inter-marriage becomes very common. Bulgarians also begin to migrating to trade towns in Romania to seek more economic opportunities. Bulgarian populations in Rumania now represent a large minority, and the same can be said about Romanians in Bulgaria. Ethnic tensions are uncommon in both nations as multi-ethnic communities existed before the large migrations.
 * Milan: Work continues on the Certosa di Pavia, the Castle Visconteo, and on the extensive Milan Cathedral. We continue training a proper standing army, utilizing Swiss mercenaries and local recruits. With border disputes now settled between the nations of Austria and Switzerland, we continue opening friendly relations with both nations in hopes of repairing our diplomatic relations and protecting our northern border. We continue constructing cogs and galleys to strengthen our navy and protect our interests on the seas. Our turn is dedicated to military in both our nation and our vassals. Many begin to call for a possible counter attack into Venice to end their clashes with Milan once and for all, and possible plans are created. We ask to sign the Compact of Philadelphia with the nation of Alexandria. An expedition is sent to conduct trade with African tribes via Austrian trade posts.
 * Novgorod: We continue the production of Koch boats, cannons, hand cannons, advanced crossbows, swords, and composite bows, increasing our military capabilities in case of war. The nation’s training and advancement of military continues. The recent classes of Koch ships are being manufactured in Novgorod. The town of St Patriksburg’s population grows a bit more that last year. As the construction of the town improves, the Kremlin finishes, trade becoming more in demand, the town gains slightly. Because of the trade road built with Tver our economy increases. After seeing a great success with the private schools in the cities of Novgorod, St Patriksburg, Staraya Russa, and Nizhny Novgorod. We start building another private school in Rostov and Yaroslavl. We complete building private schools in Torzhok and a private school in Staraya Ladoga. We dedicate this turn to military. We continue to establish ties with our allies Muscovy and Pskov. We offer to help Pskov develop this new type of koch, and engineers in Novgorod begin producing a model of their own. The new ship, constructed almost exclusively for sea-based travel will be thirty meters in length. The new ship will have three masts, and becomes known as a trikoch. We also begin producing shitiks that are fifteen to twenty meters in length for the purpose of transporting cargo.
 * Tver: We complete the construction of the private school in Tver and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Yaroslavl, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Yaroslavl: We complete the construction of the private school in Yaroslavl and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Rostov: We completed the construction of the private school in Rostov and start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Yaroslavl, Muscovy. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Trier: We dedicate this turn to economy, as do our vassals. The states around us are influenced. Trade routes are established, opening trade among Hesse, Cologne, and Austria and her vassals. To improve infrastructure we begin building several defenses, and roads to link towns across the nation. Fortifications around our capital are improved and updated. The University of Trier is expanded.
 * The Tartary continues to grow after the Time of Troubles. The population continues to grow throughout the nation, especially in small towns such as the villages of Mordovia and the new settler villages in the east. The growing population once again begins to push eastward, expanding 2500 sq km eastward into the undiscovered territories of the Yamal and Siberia, bringing several Nenetses, Komi, Enetses, Khanty and Mansi into the fold, having them settle down in the area much in the same way Nenetses were brought in at the start of the century. The economy and military are developed; the major cities experience large population growth. The first chivalric novels, emulating Western style (although with heavy Eastern elements) begin being written, especially in Azov and Qazan, which begin to become the capitals of Tatar literature. One noble, Alphonsus Quixat, begins to take a particular interest on these types of stories. The Mastorava continues spreading to peoples in the East, now starting to influence the faiths of tribal peoples in Siberia, as well as the population of the Khanate of Bukhara to the south. Alexander continues schooling with the best scholars and teachers money can buy in Saray; he begins to show signs of high intelligence, including the fact that he has high knowledge of the Tatar, Greek, Russian and Mordvin languages at such a young age as his. The Permic ruble begins to be officially adopted.
 * In Azov, the population continues to recover. The Crimean Tatar population continues to grow as Tatar farmers replace Ukrainian ones. Gothic townships also continue to grow. The population is at a net positive, and Ukrainians are now only about a fourth of the population. An excellent harvest leads to the growth of the economy, which at the same time leads to a development of the military.
 * In Perm the population continues to grow. The Mastorava strengthens itself as the major religious force in the nation, pushing back Islam and Christianity; many Mastoravic temples are built. However, due to orders from Emperor Theodore, no attempt at prozelytising west of the border occurs. Instead, the Permians begin supporting non-Russians to emigrate to Perm if they so wish.
 * In Adyghea, the population begins growing as recovery from the plague is now complete. The Prince of Adyghea dies and is replaced by his son, which strengthens the power of the merchants. Economic growth is emphasised.
 * In Kazakhstan, the marriage between the Khan and the Jochid princess produces a sickly son before the Khan dies in a hunting accident, aged only 32. This leaves the Kazakh Khanate very open to Tatar influence. The economy, however, continues to grow.
 * In the Kingdoms of Ayutthaya, military projects continue. Ayutthaya is now one of the richest cities in the world, a true center of learning and knowledge. We continue to maintain influence over our region and our vassals. A new project begins to restructure the governmental systems in the vassals, giving nobles a set amount of land and holding them responsible to that area's success and prosperity. Furthermore, new voyages begin, attempting to connect China and Europe in a single voyage, passing through the Philidelphi Canal; it is a success, and the result is gigantic profits for the merchants concerned as well as the state. We continue to trade extensively with the region, especially Bengal, Japan and China. We begin to trade significantly with the Romans, with whom we have a trading treaty, and with the Hungarians through them. We thank Rome for agreeing to our treaties, and the resultant boom of Ayutthayan trade in Europe makes Ayutthaya one of the richest nations in the world. The Spire of Indaraja continues to be built, with it almost being completed, a mere three years expected left for it. Following the Marrikuwuyanga attempts to make some of the Ayutthayan merchants worship their emperor (which fail), the Ayutthayans begin to send Hindu and Buddhist priests to convert some of the population of the Marrikuwuyanga to those religions. As the Ayutthayans are viewed almost like gods in much of that nation, conversion moves swiftly. The Emperor of the Marrikuwuyanga is, of course, pictured as a Boddhisvata and a minor god. However, his arrogance begins to annoy many of the merchants of Ayutthaya that control almost all the Marrikuwuyangan technology and trade. The armies of Ayutthaya continue to train, with new tactics being used to quickly manuver, thus being able to defeat larger enemy forces with a combination of pike and shot. At the same time, the military expands its usage of big guns, including siege guns and hand cannons, and these are used to great effect in training. Meanwhile, the T̄hnn k̄hxng phracêā, or "Road of God", is constructed across our vassals in Malaysia, a giant trade road that starts in Malacca and ends in the southernmost corner of the Majapahit, and will be completed in 1505. Another road, the T̄hnn thxng, or "Road of Gold", is constructed across Mainland Ayutthaya, which will be completed in 1500. All vassals - Aru, the Majapahit and Siak - develop their militaries. Following talks over six years, it is agreed to make Aceh part of the Kingdoms of Ayutthaya. An order emerges against the "Purists", who begin to merge the religions of Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism, and to a very limited extent, Islam. The three religions of Ayutthaya continue to peacefully co-exist. At the end of the year, around November, The armies under Lord Naresuan initially find the Purist "Hand of God" militias fled or easily defeated as they begin their quest to wipe out the "Hand of God"- however, a month into their campaign, near Sukhothai, a giant host of the Purist militias smashes the Ayutthayan armies to pieces. Lord Naresuan is killed in battle, which takes place on the Winter Solstice, becoming known as the Solstice rout. The King's Nephew, Songthram, offers to lead an army to destroy the Purists, but Chairacha refuses, insisting that he will destroy the opposing armies.
 * Dai Viet: This turn is officially dedicated to military expansion. The nation of Dai Viet begins expanding its military to protect the nation against any foreign attack. The government begins an active role in equipping some units, using its funds to ensure that the entirety of the militia is equipped with pikes and swords. Crossbows also begin to be used in select units, who are trained to be most effective during cavalry charges and to provide support for our infantry. Government forces are called and put to the test securing our southern border, garrisoning in recently acquired territory. Alongside expanding ground forces, the government also sees to need to expand naval forces, a process that began several decades ago. Small ships capable of longer journeys are constructed in major port cities, and cities in the south along the coast are expanded to facilitate naval activity on par with our northern cities. Trade ships are attracted to our major ports from nearby nations. Facilities are upgraded to better facilitate trade. With several dozen small trade ships and warships under the command of the government vassals, and several ships under its personal command, the government orders a series of operations in the east waters of the nation, hoping to root out pirates and protect trade routes. As a test of our navy, our largest warships, equipped with cannons and other weapons, make several expeditions around the Biển Đông (South China Sea). Several more trade posts are established in the Philippines. We also make several expeditions to the Riau Islands, where we come into contact with the Orang laut people.
 * Mapuche:  The war with the Spanish takes a drastic turn for the worst. The Spaniards push into eastern Mapuche territory; by the end of the year, they approach Xoryan. They have captured nearly all eastern Mapuche villages, causing a sense of astonishment among the populace in regard to the fall of what once was the strongest civilization south of the Incas.The Grand Council forces Draven to resign for his miscalculations of the war, but not before assigning him to surrender and negotiate terms of surrender with the Spaniards. There are 36,000 Mapuche, 16,000 of whom are in captured villages. Draven visits the Spanish commander to discuss the surrender and the future Mapuche-Spanish relations.
 * Hungary and all its vassals and puppets and states in personal union work on expanding their armed forces. There is an increase in trading between them all, along with increased trading with Moscovy and thus allows economic growth. Road construction also continues as for greater trade, better infrastructure is needed. Hungary also focuses highly on building better naval ships and upgrading old ships as well as putting many obsolete ships into retirement.
 * Grand Duchy of Moscow: The nation of Muscovy begins trading along routes routing through the nation of Novgorod and its vassals, and the nation of Pskov. Money collected through trade and taxation is saved this year in the Muscovite treasury in case of an emergency. Trade routes are established between the nations of Poland, Hungary, Rumania, and the Roman Empire, and we promote friendly relations with all these nations. We become closer to Novgorod through trade, relying on Novgorod for safe land routes into our northern territory. The nations of the Ukraine continue to be vassalized. In case of attack we expand our military, recruiting free levies from our cities to protect local regions of our nation. Pikes and crossbows become common equipment in some units after they begin to be produced locally to outfit local regiments. Bowmen continue to be an essential part of our military to provide support for melee units, with some gunpowder weaponry being used. In major cities kremlins are upgraded and outfitted with modern equipment and dedicated garrisons to combat any threat or invasion. The largest kremlin, located in Moscow, is especially upgraded, with new walls being added that are wider and can hold cannons. Italian architects are also invited to our courts to design certain aspects of the city. This turn in our nation and vassals is dedicated to military.
 * Lithuania: This turn is officially dedicated to military. Trade between Moscow, Prussia, and other nations helps to amass wealth, which is partially used to finance infrastructural projects and military fortifications.
 * Castile: The Castilian economy has massively swelled with thanks to the creation of the Spanish confederation and the addition of Aragon's trade and military fleet at Castile's disposal. Castile, as leader of the Spanish confederation, begins a series of economic and military reforms on all the kingdoms in order to expand all the local economies and militaries and centralize the confederation's economies in general. Castile has begun the development of a series of new ships meant to replace some of the aging designs and add some new innovations. The Castilian navy begins to replace multiple ships with the new carracks as some of the largest ships in the Castile fleet. The Castilian renaissance with the addition of Aragon's renaissance techniques has exploded significantly and with permission from the monarchy embroiled with organizing the Spanish confederacy and multiple projects the Renaissance has led to a mass amount of art and technological innovation being developed. King Ferdinand unable to resist the opportunity of the new lands heard of immediately commissions three separate trading companies to cross the seas and scout out these new lands. Leaving from multiple points the fleets reach the new lands and immediately go their separate ways. One fleet, the smallest of the three composing of seven ships, sails south mapping and cataloguing go much farther south than they believed finding a huge natural harbor. This hints to these men to be the perfect place for a trade outpost as well as a city in the future.. The Colony of Buenos Aires expands by (10 px) up the coast. The Castilian populace reaches about 9,2 million and growing. The Castilians hearing of white men disappearing in the Maya kingdom sends in troops from Castile to interrogate locals in the area. In this situation three Spaniards kill a group of Mayans and take multiple women hostage. This is created by a problem of language barriers and the superiority attitude of the Spanish. One ship leaves to call for help from the kingdom in order to prevent the Castilian traders from being evicted. Trade goes much better with Zapotec as gold and various other goods are transferred between the two nations. Castile seizing most of the mapuche territory will discuss the terms of surrender to the mapuch people.
 * Kingdom of Aragon: The Kingdom's navy the military navy in particular is given to a series of respected and well known Aragonians loyal to Castile. Aragon's assimilation into Castile cultural base begins due to many nobles now speaking Spanish (Castilian) which shows a notable effect of a few people especially merchants and some developing artisans which are currently able to speak the language proficiently. Aragonians spurred on by Prince Carlos to rebuild Zaragoza continue the work needed to rebuild the city and the various burned towns surrounding the city with the city being moderately repaired. For the time being, however, the capital of Aragon proper is migrated to Valencia. With Castilian assistance various infrastructural areas are rebuilt and the military is expanded to a token force of 10,000. Along with this support the Aragonian economy recovers slowly with a slow but controlled influx of Castilian economic aid helping Aragon recover. The ruling magistrate over Aragon signs a landmark trade deal with Castile which allows for Aragon's usage of Castile's large amounts of trade posts down the coast of Africa. The Aragonians now in control of the Spanish South African trading company fund the creation of the expansion of the Trade outpost into a formal colony to be settled much like Morocco and Granada were by Castile. The Colony of Cape Ferdinand expands 10 px up the coast. Its mostly populated by Castilians who are the main people moving to the colonies. Aragons population continues to be culturally integrated with the next generation speaking primarily spanish with Catalan being phased out by the newer generation. Some aragonian troops acompany the castilian forces to the americas to show aragons support for not only its leading nation but its eventual unification as well.
 * Kingdom of Cyprus: The King of Cyprus is now King Alexander of Cyprus. The King of Cyprus begins to see Castilian culture not as a dominant force but a possible blendable culture that can fit well within Cypriot society. The economy and military of the country is built up as is the infrastructure with a nice road system being built throughout the country. Cyprus gaining large funds from being a Castilian trade hub, begins building a few ships domestically, and purchases ships from Castile, or her allies shipwrights forming a respectable Cypriot navy of almost 90 ships with expected expansion to come. This expansion has been achieved specifically thanks to huge amounts of outsourcing to private shipwrights. Cyprus begins to see an exodus of the Knights Hospitaller west to Castile and her territories and King Matthias begins a larger recruitment for the military managing to raise a force of nearly 10,000. This force is largely funded through the large trade Cyprus has gathered. The troops are styled after Castile's royal army and Cyprus embarks on an intense training program in order to bring them up to standards. The Knights, with many departing, also have many older and other knights stay due to their close ties with Cyprus. They remain to run the Knights Hospitaller in Cyprus for the foreseeable future while a large number have migrated across the sea. The Kingdom of Cyprus due to the recent issues in Castile reluctantly recognizes Carlos and his Regency for Prince Ferdinand. Cyprus itself with its fleet of nearly 100 ships begins to take after the Venetian example with trade and begins to put Cypriot merchant ships into state possession for trade in order to help with the kingdom's finances and heavy trade. This show immediate results as a relative increase in funding and attention to trade between Castile and her allies begins to improve the quality of trade. The Assassins Guild sets up in Cyprus looking to prevent issues in the kingdom with corruption and serving as their base into Muslim countries.
 * Kingdom of Morocco: The Kingdom establishes its capital in Casablanca and with this, begins a major point of establishing a major military presence in the area. The infrastructure, particularly in dealing with transport and water, is expanded to accommodate more people but the only people allowed to settle are Christians - particularly from Hispania. A notable number of Castilians settle the area. The leader of Morocco styled a king, out of respect deducts himself in rank to Prince of Morocco as the throne is only to be held by the King of Castile himself if it's ever required. The country begins the construction of various canals and cultivates trees farther inland to help increase arable farmland. The Moroccan economy continue to expand with greater trade coming from Castile and the Canaries all the way down to Capo Verde increasing the relative wealth. The Kingdom with many canals having been completed has vastly expanded its farmland among other things. Morocco's total population reaches nearly 750,000 with Christianity becoming dominant in the area. Calne-Vicuna is finished and is opened as an center for Christianity in North Africa with a library said to rival old Alexandria's. The Moroccan Assassins Guild forms and spreads keeping the peace and killing the corrupt as well as making morocco much more peaceful for Castilian Rule.
 * Kongo: The Kingdom begins to work toward a trade and production economy focusing on helping provide resources for Castile's burgeoning West African trade network. The King of the Kongo converting to Christianity and being baptised begins to call for the expansion of ports to the best of the Kongolese architects' abilities. With the King also adopts the name John, in favor of the king who began these exploratory operations down the coast of Africa. The King also organized a band of Christian soldiers who help keep the peace who also begin to help with conversions to Christianity as a series of missionaries and high level priests from the Western Church have come on a ship hearing of many pagans and heretics to convert. The King makes multiple successful campaigns against various of the petty kings in Kongo killing two of them and leaving the third on the run. The Christianization of multiple areas is completed and multiple others are begun. The Kingdom of the Kongo in an attempt to increase economic output and trade begins to export a moderate amount of raw materials to Castile and begins to push toward heavy exploitation methods if possible.
 * Austria: This turn in both our nation and in all our vassals is dedicated to military. We train and expand our military using new experience from recent wars, and grow our nation economically. In Morocco our position in Melilla is fortified. All fortifications around the region are rebuilt and manned by stationed guards in case of an attack. To protect Melilla the construction of a fortress outside the city is considered, although postponed for now. The port of Melilla is rebuilt to begin operation as a trade port and military outpost. Construction continues on a shipyard in the Melilla port to facilitate the construction and repair of friendly ships. Melilla is granted a permanent naval garrison in the city’s port. to respond to dangers in the area, and to support the small garrison on land who mans the fortifications. Our position in Morocco is fortified by re-inforcements, bringing Melilla operational against attacks. For now a small fleet is stationed in its harbor, while its garrison continues to hold the north and its supply lines, supporting our Christian brethren. With much of the Muslim population of Melilla left dead after the war against Morocco, the local government attempts to entice settlers by offering large quantities of land to Christian settlers. Many Europeans, particularly of German descent and/or from central Europe begin settling the area around Melilla. With finances from Augsburg-based banking establishments, the Trieste Company continues to launch expeditions to West Africa. Abrechtburg has grown to a decently sized settlement, supporting a population of farmers, traders, and a small garrison of soldiers. The town also houses a well furbished fort, armed with a small amount of cannons intended to defend the settlement and the harbor from any attack. Built out of necessity, the port at Abrechtburg is refurbished and expanded to support more trade ships, and allied countries are welcomed to trade and stay in the town. The second largest settlement in Westenland, Dominusburg, follows suit, finishing the construction of a port similar to Abrechtburg ‘s. Trade posts continue to be built and exploited, now numbering several dozen along the coast of Westenland and into allied territory. Our reliance on the Wolof becomes less so, but we sign a trade agreement with their nation to continue our positive relationship. Deals are made with the Wolof for slaves and other goods. Conversion of the natives begin around the settlement. Several bimereiches and caravels begin construction in Trieste, Melilla, Corfu, and other ports,  to further facilitate and protect overseas trade. Trade is increased with the Grand Duchy of Bavaria and other trade partners, bringing about new avenues of trade and commerce. We disapprove of the actions the nation of Venice has undertaken against our allies, and we secretly begin planning an attack if necessary. The postal system across Austria continues to grow. Ships begin trading with our allies in Alexandria and with several states past the canal.
 * ​Castilian Dip: We request a betrothal of one of your high level heirs to Princess Alexis of Castile
 * Austrian Diplomacy: Maximilian I agrees to betrothe his first son Charles to Alexis.
 * Pskov makes money, its merchant fleet grows due to the actions of private citizens. Arts and cultuire continue to evolve as a center of the renaisance should, with artists experimenting with new styles. Books printed in Pskov now reach each corner of Europe, except, unfortunately, Hungary and co.

1498
'''The Pont Notre-Dame in Paris, a major stone bridge in the city constructed almost a century earlier, collapses into the Seine. Dozens of people are killed in the collapse, which destroys the sixty or so houses on the bridge. The disaster is believed to be caused from structural instabilities caused by lack of repairs.'''

'''In the predominantly German region of southern Scandinavia, centered around the region of Dithmarschen, a noble from Bremen incites a popular revolt against Scandinavia to establish an independent realm. An alliance is created between local German and Scandinavian towns in an effort to raise support for the rebellion. From Buxtehude 1300 volunteers are gathered, while 3000 lansquenets from the Luneburg area, who plan to gain their payment by ravaging and plundering enemy towns, also pledge support. The cities also hire the assistance of the Black Guard, numbering 6000 ruthless and violent, primarily Dutch and East Frisian mercenaries, Scores undoubled 10-5-3'''

'''Zoroastrianism grows amongst more of the Persian populace in both Mazandaran and the north, concentrated on the cities of Rasht and Ray/Tehran. Several nobles also accept the faith.'''

'''A Fijian prince from the western edge of the isles grows infamous, as he is known for having eaten about 900 of his enemies. His power begins to grow in the western part of the Cannibal Isles.'''

The Quimbaya civil war finally finishes with the unification with the Motilons in the east

'''With the new sultan of Aleppo refusing to denounce Christianity, Muslim zealots rise up in a popular revolt. The revolt is led by Abdulaziz al-Shamsi, who organizes an attack to besiege Aleppo. (Scores undoubled: Military: 10, Economy: 5, Infrastructure: 2.)'''
 * Portugal: Continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Leiname. By this time, the colony in Leiname starts to export wheat to Portugal. Meanwhile, some Portuguese explorers continue to explore the African coast. The Açores continue to be settled. Meanwhile, the new ships that been developed, called naus, and that are similar to the Castilian carracks, begin to be used. Naval explorations directed to the west continue, after news that new lands may have been found there. Meanwhile, Sophia of Austria gives birth to a boy, who is named Manuel.  Meanwhile, Vera Cruz expands by 200 sq km. Meanwhile, a expedition led by Vasco da Gama tries to sail further south.In the mean time, a bay is discovered north of Vera Cruz.
 * Hamburg-Mecklenburg: With news of a German uprising in Scandinavia's vassals, some in Hamburgs government begin pushing for intervention, but it is rejected. However, Hamburg and Mecklenburg (secretly) begin sending military supplies, all with Hamburg proof marks omitted, to the rebels. Back home, the annual review mobilization is rescheduled and pushed up to current. The venue, normally in Brunswick, is changed to the outskirts of Hamburg, a few miles from the Scandinavian border. Hamburgian and Mecklenburgian ships begin exersizes in the Baltic, and a few new ships are added. The economy is expanded. Meanwhile, both Williamsburg and Neue Lüneburg are declared ducal colonies.
 * Later in the year: Duke Friedrich pens and apology letter to the chancellor, saying he cannot allow German brethren be slaughtered on his doorstep. His combined army, 20,000 men each from the Hamburg and Mecklenburg duchies, and 5,000 from their vassal of Magdeburg, is brought up to the border, along with 30,000 Bavarians, and 10,000 Trierites. Friedrich turns to his men:
 * "Across this border, Germans are fighting for their freedom. They are fighting for freedom from these Norsemen. Do we have any right to stand by and watch? No! Scandinavia threatens our trade, they threaten our sovereignty, they threaten the Empire itself! Its time they are taught a lesson. Its time these Viking pretenders are taught what happens when they f--- with Germans!"
 * Riding a wave of cheers and huzzahs, Friedrich steps down from his horse, grabs Hamburgs ducal colors from his flag-bearer and leads the armies across the border. Siege equipment is brought up, and Bremen and Lübeck are soon being shelled.


 * Magdeburg: military and economy expanded.
 * Bavarian Dip: Eleanor sends letter to Friedrich, detailing that regardless of friendly relations with Scandinavia, Bavaria will ally with Hamburg and thus, Eleanor declares war on Scandinavia.
 * Netherland Dip: The netherlands request that Hamburg tone down their belligrance with Scandinavia and remind them that as a member of the North Sea Trade League serious repprecussions could occur if they disrupt the activities of the group.
 * Prussia: The Prussians begin to develop their military. The Prussians continue to build their new navy.
 * Courland: The Curonians also continue developing their military.
 * Estland: Ossel-Wiek also continues developing their military. Duke Franz continues to reshape the face of Arensburg.
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Grand Duchess Eleanor formally opens relations with Saxony and Thuringia, offering alliances and trade pacts. Furthermore, Eleanor begins petitioning the lords of Thuringia for manpower and tribute (Turn One out of Six). Landshut expands its military. The population continues to rise. Grand Duchess Eleanor and her council continue to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with twenty-five very large cogs being finished, and by 1498 a trade route is put in place. Such important places in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany, due to a longstanding trade deal. Continuing in 1498, Eleanor commissions six cogs to sail around western Mediterranean coasts. The market center in Landshut continues to attract Bavarian and Venetian traders. In religious news, around 76% of the country adheres to the Western Church. Most adherents live around Munchen and Landshut. In other news, Bavaria continues implementing the Alliance and Merchant Act as well as the Militia and Navy Act. Eleanor ends her predecessor's policies of advancing Sedevanticism in the government. As the new Grand Duchess, Eleanor continues to vet and interrogate most of the powerful nobles of Bavaria. To work more efficiently, she appoints Vallerio Volpe as her spymaster. By the end of the year, Eleanor hosts a more developed middle class in Trausnitz than her numerous predecessors had. This earns her the sobriquet "The Middling Queen" to flavor the already popular "Merchant Queen" title. In other news, Eleanor continues to develop her cousin's seemingly successful administrative policies. Court physicians continue to bathe in religious ceremonies, hoping to appease God. In national news, the common courts continue to be implemented around Bavaria as several of the lower class make use it of. The serf laws begin to be used as well. While not extremely active, as many as three dozen serfs earn their freedom by the end of the year. Many freed serfs find work and home in the cities, while others continue to informally live on their lords' lands. This situation becomes a status quo and is foreseen to last the century. Many skeptics of Eleanor's reforms predict they will not affect Bavaria much until 1500. In educational news, Eleanor expresses interest of opening the Queen Isabell University to more men. Eleanor further incorporates the Collegiate Writs, allowing many more lower class men to enter college, after an exchange of 100 ducats and an agreement to lodge within the college. In legal news, Eleanor continues to introduce the Bavarian Commands, which are a set of laws pertaining to the royalty and the privileges of the head. In other news, Oldenburg continues to be embargoed, however Eleanor announces the Embargo will be lifted in 1500. In happy news, Franz-Albert has another child with Princess Beatrice. A daughter, whom he names Margaret after his first wife. Later in the year, due to Hamburg waging war on Scandinavia, Grand Duchess Eleanor declares war on Scandinavia and reaffirms the alliance with Hamburg.
 * Munchen: By 1498, the total class of Queen Isabell University amounts to about 4750 men. Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. The Collegiate Writs begin to draw more men to college,
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Wurzburg: Troops authorized by Eleanor continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. The clergy of Wurzburg find small solace as the Grand Duchess is the somewhat temperate, analytic Eleanor.
 * Mod Response: Saxony and Thuringia both accept the offer of an alliance.
 * Scandinavian Empire: Surprised at Hamburg's lack of intervention in the revolt, Scandinavia considers warming up to Hamburg-Mecklenburg, who had shared icy relations with Scandinavia following Hamburg's betrayal of their alliance. Scandinavia acts quickly, the powerful navy blockading Dithmarschen. The powerful Danish military is called in to take the rebels out. Outnumbering the rebels severely, the military stations itself outside of Dithmarschen to gain intel on the area and whatever is fueling this rebellion. The Scandinavian military storms several towns and villages to quell the rebellion, making their way to Dithmarschen. By October, the city is stormed on both sides, land and sea, by the Scandinavians.
 * The Kingdoms of Great Albion (Scotland and England) - member nation of the UKGA: Many ships are modernized and replaced to keep the Royal Albion Navy a powerful forces on the high seas. Port Edmundburg continues to experience a growth in population. Albionic settlers continue to explore the surrounding areas. The dialect of English originally found in Scotland and the Eire grows so large that it covers most of the North of England. This new dialect is called Bythigish (portmandeu of Brython and English). English nobles begin to enjoy the Celtic myths of Eire and Scotland. Port Edmundburg  expands by 200 sq km (I am not certain what the right count would be) The Templar Order continues to undercut the King's enemies and seeks ways to privately grow the power of the King and Albion as a whole. The Order buys up many smaller businesses and collectivizes some farms. The Order begins to expand into other areas of Europe, seeking to grow understanding as well as pushing Albionic ideals. Albion continues to explore  farther west. King Edmund II dies in bed after fighting a long series of illnesses, his son James of Tyne, becomes King James I. The Western Exploration Committee grants a charter to the Royal Plymouth Company to establish a small colony near OTL Boston, The colonies proposed name is New Gotham. Cartographer Alfred Reddington begins mapping the coasts of the New World. With the lottery complete, Reddington tentatively names the northern landmass Borealia. The colony settled last year is reorganised as the Crown Colony of New Cambridgeshire (OTL Massachutsetts) and the centre of this small colony is New Rotham (OTL Boston). Albion wishes to push support for its naming convention for the Americas, Borealia for the North and Talentis for the South. Albion accepts the Netherlander request and offers to merge the trade league into a profitable company along with Prussia. After many years of lukewarm relations and even distrust, The King of Albion extends the offer a mutual alliance to Austria in effort to improve relations.
 * Brittany: Brittany is officially placed under Albionic influence. The military and navy are expanded.
 * Calais: Military and navy are expanded.
 * Dublin: Dublin undergoes another remodel and expansion to the ports due to the massive influx of trade from Castile and Venice as well as an increased Eire trade.
 * Scotland: Expands navy and military. Pan Albion sentiments grow, Trade increases. Whiskey is traded down to central Albion.
 * Wales: Wales expands its military and navy. Cardiff becomes a large centre of trade for Wales. The Welsh appoint Adam Cyrdger as Royal Minister. The first sessions of parliament are held. Wales does not see as large a population boom as Albion or Scotland, but a minor one, centered around Cardiff and Swansea, does occur.
 * Austrian Diplomacy: Maximilian I accepts the offer of an alliance.
 * Initial colonial expansion for the first five years is 200 sq km.
 * That would be true if I were expanding Rotham, but I am expanding Edmundburg which has been a tradepost/ colony for almost 40 years. I was told it was acceptable. Also please sign posts.
 * |onte continues to have a large surplus of grain. Though adopting "western farming", the idea of "the tribe" is still very much so alive, as people always share the crops they have grown, or the animals they have hunted amongst the community. Mon advocates the planting of trees in small groves. Throughout the year, Mon goes elephant hunting, though it is very dangerous, as he is hunting them with arquebuses, and the whole process requires much co-ordination. However, the results are said to be spectacular, as the tribe gains new wealth in the collected ivory, and the elephant meat is considered a rarity. The season resulted in six elephants being killed. Much of the younger generation knows how to hunt, and begin to help their parents, increasing the prosperity of the tribe. Not only do they know how to hunt, but in accordance with tribal tradition, each one of them may become a warrior if the need be, trained both in the arquebus and the bow, though the arquebus is gaining much ground against the arrow. |onte is becoming very rich with money made from elephant hunting, as they have nothing to spend the money on. Ma-n!o, the one that studied Castillian navy, commerece, the army, and how they are built, having commissioned the building of three large ships (to be used for trade, and exploration) which he predicts to be done in three years. Debarubo, who studied both the army, and the arts, continues his first conquest spree, by expanding the coastal nation another 50 sq km inland (12 pixels added to the 24 coast pixels), though these lands are mostly uninhabited after the constant |on raidings, making expansion into them quite easy. Howevever,  Mon II, who studied the sciences, does not do much of anything noticeable, and confines himself to his mud house all day, drawing, and coming up with designs.
 * Dutch Merchants reponse: the dutch merchants thankful for the great treatment and the festevities they recieved approach Mon and hand him several Dutch works of Art and a few other things they had salvaged from the wreck and they make out as best they can they will help open trade between the Netherlands and |onte and they bow in a sign of recognition of Mon's authority mistaking him for the King of the  |onte. 
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. While this, many Muslims are slaughtered in the war as small revolts rise in Africa as the war rages on, While this, the king sets his eye to the new lands, which he prompts to send exploration parties seeking for any possible gain out of it, though he's clear that there won't be any colony until a French victory is achieved in North Africa. While this, he starts to establish a politic to initiate a more balance of power realizing that his power is in a precarious situation out of the nobles of France. Exploration takes place around OTL Caribbean Sea, around Northern Venezuela and Southern Haiti.
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up. Economy expands.
 * Albret: Military and economy are built up.
 * Nemour: Military and economy are built up.
 * Guyenne: Military and economy are built up.
 * Berry: Military and economy are built up.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up.
 * Armagnac: Military and economy are built up.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy are built up.
 * Sardinia: Military and economy are built up. the population reaches 1 million once again. most of them sardinians (41%) followed by the french (38%) and the Carthaginians (French tunisians)(18%) and the remaining 3% of other groups.
 * Basel: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aargau: Military and economy are built up. The French presence begins to be felt. However, the attempts to establish a pro-Germanic government in order to avoid eventual uprisings, internal vassalization begins as well to fully convince German leadership.
 * Foix: Military and economy are built up.
 * La marche: Military and economy are built up.
 * Limoges Military and economy are built up.
 * Nevers: Military and economy are built up.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up. The war continues and more Muslims are killed, accused of co-operation with the enemy. those who converted to Christianity flee to Tunisia filling the void left by the population decay during the plague in the second Tunisian war. The population in French Africa is around these numbers 58% Christian, 32% Sunni Islam, 5% Jewish, 5% others.
 * The Nation of the Oirats: Cement and iron increase in production. Iron weapons are now majorly used. As we increase in population, we slowly target our expansion northward. We expand 50 px to the north. We continue to develop our firearms. We continue to study the printing press and make more of them. We buy more books from China. Our musketeers are not primitive anymore, as we have advanced in firearms. Our muskets can now be loaded and used by one person only and an artisan developed the wheellock machanism. We begin building up our military and create even tougher practices. We expand our settlement at North Baikal Lake. We began building cannon foundries and build two of our first standard cannon model, the 6-inch standard mortar and the 10-inch cannon. We make printing presses. An Oirati Scholar invents a phonology system for the Oirati language, similar to the OTL bopomofo zhuyin method. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bopomofo
 * Oirat D: We ask Mughal Empire, Tartary and Jianzhou Jurchens to form the Great Eurasian Alliance with us.
 * County of Oldenburg: Count Christian VI accepts the post of Reichs Chancellor, which he has been elected to. His government takes a neutral stance on the events in Scandinavia, and as Chancellor, he urges other HRE members to do the same. However, it does nothing to stop volunteers from East Frisia joining the pro-German rebels, and does not object to Oldenburger arms manufacturers selling weapons to those volunteers. The military is strengthened in response to the region's instability: the cavalry and navy in particular. The small forts on Neu Baltrum and Neu Borkum are given another cannon each. The OHG continues whaling West of the southern tip of Greenland. Plans continue for the 1500 Oldenburger expedition to Borealia.
 * ​Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: Infrastructure is improved, especially monastery-related infrastructure.
 * Bengal Sultanate: The decrease in taxes on the landed elite does its job in most areas of the Sultanate, decreasing the tax load on the peasantry and earning him their support. The tax cuts on the merchant class allow for more trade to be conducted, and a recent lax on some of the quota laws allows for more goods to be shipped from Bengal, greatly increasing trade income. Cash crops continue to be grown in large amounts. With our merchants traveling to Ava, Kamarumpa and Arakan regularly, Islam continues to grow in their areas. Most all trade roads continues to see much-needed maintenance. Due to Bengal having control over lands of multiple ethnicities and religions, literary works in the form of poems continue to take influence from all three religions of the Sultanate. Urdu, also called Hindi by some, becomes more common in the Sultanate due to the mixing of Hindu and Islamic ideals. We continue to help finance the Plutocratic State of Jaunpur, Delhi Sultanate and Bahamani Sultanate by sending gifts directly to the nobles/sultans, offering loans from powerful trade bankers, and decreasing the trade taxes over all of Bengal, allowing more of our merchant goods to travel into those states. We also raise a portion of the Sultan's personal levy and then divide it to be sent out to the states' leaders, so that they can do with them what they wish in order to maintain order in their nation. The construction of schools and universities several years ago has led to an increase in scholars and literacy in our nation. Due to the removal of trade barriers among a majority of states in the Indian League, their merchants and ours begin to travel with increased mobility and goods, thereby increasing the trade income and output in the agreeing nations. Several Bengali merchants continue to sponsor gem mines in the Mogok area of Ava, due to the high concentration of gems such as rubies, sapphires, garnets and moonstones, and the first of many mines begin to return with moderate successes. The University of Pānḍuẏāra (Pandua) continues construction and is estimated to be finished within one to two years. Construction of ships based upon Castilian designs, granted to us by them, continues, in order to further our efforts to explore and trade. Several popular works of poetry, written in Urdu, are bought and stored by the Sultan within his palace in Pandua due to him favoring these particular works over poetic works written in Bengali.
 * ​Emirate of Andamana: Illyas-Sasaska continues to reclaim land on the island to make room for farms, and to have timber for building both boats and houses. The Emirate expands another 500 km onto the island. The ships built by the timber from the island help contribute to Bengali trade. Continues working on economy and infrastructure.
 * Rajya of Orissa: Kapilendra Deva continues to listen to his advisers and bring about several reforms to his nation that make it more Islamic friendly, one of which is new, and calls for the creation of one mosque for each Hindu temple in the name of tolerance, when in reality, his advisers have prescribed this to bring about larger Islamic influence. The new University of Bhubanēśbara (Bhubaneswar) continues construction and is expected to be finished within two to three years.
 * Swargadeo of Kamarupa: Now vassalized by Bengal, the Swargadeo of Ahom continues to receive extensive help in creating viable farmland. They do this by continuing a process of land reclamation in the northern part of the state, which is largely marshy and thinly populated. This process of reclamation begins by using dikes, embankments and irrigation systems. The land reclamation, having been going on for decades, is extremely successful in creating viable farmland for rice, grain and other staple crops, increasing Kamarupa's population and their yearly trade output.'
 * Bengali Diplomacy: The Sultan of Bengal wishes to remind the current ruler of Marwar, that, as he has made it extensively clear, that he is not the Raja of Marwar, but the new Mughal Emperor, adopting Mughal legislature and customs, not Marwarian/Indian, and therefore should not be in contact with several Indian states he is currently attempting to create relations with.
 * Marwari Diplomacy: The Rao of Marwar wishes to remind the Sultan, that although he adopted Mughali legislature and not customs, he is still the Raja or Marwar. As for the legislature, it was merely because of the excellent organizational skills of the previous Emperors, who have kept the nobility at peace and the nation religiously tolerant. As for the contact, the Rao merely wishes to improve both of his nations, as the Mughali can't possibly be considered a threat to Indian culture and life if the Mughali Emperor is Indian and spreading Hinduism. Furthermore, it is an utter and complete disgrace that the Sultan of Bengal is completely disregarding Raja Singh's title of Rao, as if it were worthless. Perhaps Marwar is small compared to the Bengal Sultanate, and perhaps it is tiny compared to the Mughal Empire, but it is still an honourable nation, ruled by the Rajput Rathore Clan of the Suvyavansha lineage, but this seems to be not important to a Muslim. To keep it short, the Mughal influence is not spreading in India, no, the Indian influence is spreading in the Mughal Empire.
 * Bengali Diplomacy: The Sultan shall remind the Mughal Emperor of a previous emperor, who was Indian, and despite his claims about not being a threat to India, did everything in his power to seperate the League, using another Indian nation as a pawn for his goals of dividing the League on the basis of religion for his own goals of total control of India. The title of Rao was not disregarded by Bengal, no it was disregared when the crown of the millions of slaughtered Indians was graciously accepted upon the brow of the now Mughal Emperor. You speak of tolerance, but all you do is go out of your way to make sure everyone knows Bengal is a Muslim nation and that every other nation is not. Your "tolerance" cannot see past religious differences, yet Bengal, a nation of three religions, is able to address you as an actual nation, not as a religious entity. Years past have shown that the conquerers need not spread through war, but through influence, deciet, and bribes. The Sultan of Bengal will not allow you to abuse your Rao title to achieve the same aims of all the Mughal Emperors before you; control and subjugation of all the Indian states.
 * Marwari Diplomacy: Although this response is quite well-versed, there are a few things wrong about it. Raja Singh's brother, Mirza, was only half-Bharatiya. He was born in the former Timurid Empire 47 years ago. He was four years old, when his father, Aryan was massacred by rebels and he was forced to flee with his mother to Marwar. Finally, after the war, he was adopted by his relative, Babur. He was born as a Timurid, his mother was an Bharatiya, yet he considered himself to be Mughal. Yet, due to the courage of his mother, a loving and accepting woman, he honoured his Bharatiya lineage, because that was the only thing he had left. Once Mirza ascended to the Mughal throne, the Mughals were surely not threatening Bharata. As for Gwalior, Raja Vikram was and perhaps still is a rather eccentric fellow. From the letters Raja Singh has been receiving from Mirza during his time in Europe, he mentions that Raja Vikram, even though quite friendly during his visit to Kabul, showed ignorance towards the Muslims there. As for considering Gwalior a pawn, this is highly unlikely. Before Raja Vikram, the Mughals had not developed any diplomatic ties with the nation. As for the reminding of religious status, it was merely connected to the fact that the the Rajput clans, have a rather famous lineage, which is known among Hindus, but not among Muslims. Raja Singh did indeed forget that the Sultan is educated about all religions of his lands, but it seemed as if he needed a few more lesson about Hinduism. And although there are Muslims and even Buddhists in Bharata, Hinduism should not be considered a religion only, but an essential part of Bharatiya culture. As for abusing titles, Raja Singh reminds that there is no deceit, bribe and influence coming from him. But now, the Bharatiyom of the Mughal Empire are finally allowed to regain contact with their brethren. Perhaps there were offers to some nations which weren't offered to others, but only as an act of good will. Because even though the Bharatiya League does have a marvelous trading system, the Mughal Empire can offer resources and trade that reaches outside the abilities of the League. The Sultan of Bengal should remember, Rao Raja Singh has not done anything to compromise Bharatiya sovereignity. One of the most obvious reasons is, he himself is Bharatiya. And no matter if he has a Mughali title, he should not, will not, and can not accept that another Bharatiyom, one who seems to be educated about all cultures and religions of Bharata, dares to say that he is suddenly not Bharatiya anymore. Raja Singh, ruler of Marwar, member of the Rathore Clan, was not, is not and will never become a Mughal. No, the Mughal Empire is of Raja Singh, of the Rathore Clan, it is of the Suryavanshi lineage. And if there is anyone who thinks differently, may he or she remember. The Mughal Empire is ruled by an Bharatiya, speaks the language of Bharata and is populated by a large amount of Bharatiyom. And although the Mughal Empire has had a quite controversial history, that is no more. We mourned the people of Vijaynagara, Delhi, Bahamani and Jaunpur, we celebrated our victory against the Mughals, but only now, we have truly eliminated the Timurid or Mughali threat, and not by sacrificing the lives of our people, but by using something out of the reach of any leader. Emotions. Because of Mirza's love towards his mother, he honoured his Marwari lineage by making Hindu official in the Mughal Empire. Because of his love towards his wife, he abdicated from his throne. And because of his love towards his Marwari lineage, we have stopped the Mughals peacefully. Let it be known, the Mughals cannot control Bharata, as they are controlled by Marwar. And because of this, the rest of the League, perhaps apart from Vijaynagar should forgive the Mughals, and follow Marwar's lead to re-establish contact with Indians in the Mughal Empire (Bharata=India, Bharatiya=Indian, Bharatiyom=Indians)
 * Rajya of Marwar: The economy continues to expand and the nation begins to influence Jaisalmer (Year Three). Jaisalmer is also offered a unique trade pact that would allow it to trade with the Mughal Empire through Marwar (needs MOD response). During these events, Rao Raja Singh sends more architects from Marwar towho would design Mandirs in the Mughal Empire and also for Gurus to spread Hinduism in the Mughal Empire. The nation also supports numerous marriages between members of the Rajput clans and Mughali noble families. (eco turn)
 * Mughal Empire: The economy of the nations is continued to be developed and architects sent by Emperor-Khan Raja Singh ud-din Muhammad Bahadur develop blueprints for Mandirs all around the Mughal Empire. The capital is moved from Kabul to Lahore, and another new change is being made. Rao Raja Singh, known as Emperor Raja Singh ud-din Muhammad Bahadur in the Mughal Empire, a name he adopted because of Mughali coronation customs, begins replacing current nobility with members of Rajput clans, accussing a few Muslims of breaking the new Mughali laws, which are slowly favouring Hinduism. (Eco turn)
 * Southern Chagatai (PSFSCK): The infrastructure is expanded.
 * Mughal/Marwar Diplomacy: Raja Singh ud-din Muhammad Bahadur, as both Emperor-Khan and Rao pleads to the Plutocratic State of Jaunpur, wishing to improve their relations by arranging marriages of Hindu Rajput clan (more clans to make it clear) members and Jaunpur nobility members. (needs mod response)
 * Mod Response: They accept.
 * ​Aleppo Eyalet: We build up our military and navy. Our agriculture industry increases due to a huge boom in our population. The sultan tries to continue to westernise our country to be like the European countries. In this process we continue westernization and try to change our religion from Islam to Aleppo Eyaletian Orthodox. We make maps of outside routes to use to connect to our trade routes of our country. We continue to build dromon and goke ships for our navy. We continue to export wheat, legumes, tobacco, sesame, vegetables, and barley. Our country has opened its borders. We allow anyone to come into our nation. The reason for this is because of westernization. Our military continues to develop firearms. We continue to study the printing press and make more of them. We buy more books from the Roman Empire. We continue making more muskets for our troops. We continue building more churches in our country. Walls and outposts are continuing to be built around our capital city. The king is making more and more things Christian in his country. The continuing of a college in the capital city has begun. Also more schools are continuing to be built. Do the revolts still going on, the military stepps in and kills some of the leaders in front of  the protesters to scare them off. The other leaders are captured later and imprisoned. Anyone who protests in the future will automatically sentenced to prison for five years. If the person has a weapon during the protest they will go to jail for 15-25 years in prison. If someone gets killed while protesting is going on that person will get killed for killing someone. Resisting arrest will bring you five years extra in prison. Also it is now mandatory to be in the military for five years, do to the revolts happening. We send a group of 15 scholars and 15 merchants to Europe to learn the way of the west. They also bring stuff from our country to trade with them. Also 60 troops accompany them on their expedition to Europe.
 * Just so you know you need to do an algorithm lest your nation be destroyed. 
 * I do not need an algo for a revolt. It is not a war. If one is needed could someone do it for me. I suck at algos and always mess them up.
 * Actually, it is a war. I can make an algorithm for you if need be. You can not, however, edit your turn like that to change what your nation did in response to the war. 
 * Some revolts do, some do not. If the mods give the opponents econ, mil and infra scores, that means they want one. Speaking of which, better go start writing my own (non-mod caused) civil war.
 * Netherlands: Dutch traders continue to push the frontiers of Dutch trade east, fostering ties with the locals in the Moluccas. Ties with the indian states, and Sunda continue to grow as trade increases. A group of Dutch traders set up a small outpost on the Maldives as a way to access India and the orient easier. The second expedition to the new world is sent this time financed by Maurice I. the arts and sciences continue to flourish as more money comes into the kingdom. The wealthy merchants and aristocrats of the netherlands continue to develop into a Bourgeoisie class in society and their control over the economy continues to grow. military and naval expansion continue, with newer weapon and ship designs in the making. WIth the declaration of war on Scandinavia Maurice I declares his morale support for his northern ally while he and the States-General begin discussions of what to do with the recent opening of hostilities. While not gonig to war with the HRE Maurice and the Netherlands show clear sympathies for the scandinavians and the military is put on alert with troops being raised and the border with Pro-Austrian Hre Being fortified and manned.
 * Eire (Member Nation of the UKGA): Eoghan O'Briain, intrigued by tales of a western land, goes on another voyage in a fleet of six ships sponsored by the King Tomas II, who has attained the title recently gained the title "the Enterprising" for his sponsorship of merchant-class enterprises and especially voyages of exploration. O'Briain eventually runs into the coast of Newfoundland, around OTL St John, and dubs it "Hy-Brasil" after the mythical isle in Eiric mythology. His travels take him north of Hy-Brasil, and he eventually makes his way to the coast of OTL Labrador, runs into the mainland, and follows it southwest along the coast of the mainland. After realizing that the land is much larger than Hy-Brasil, he dubs it St Brendan's Land, after the Eiric saint who went west and reached the Land of the Blessed. He returns to Eire, and makes a name for himself by presenting goods from those regions, notably maple syrup, dried cod, and a beaver pelt in front of the King. The King, exceedingly happy that they have discovered the rumored "Western Lands" that had been explored by several nations before, including Albion who told Eire rough tales about its location. We seek to expand Albion's domains and foster trade from the western lands to the east, as Eire is in a prime position for pan-Atlantic trade. Meanwhile, the Western Church continues to grow, especially after the first printing presses are introduced to Eire by Venetian and Albionic traders. Printed Bibles rise in popularity due to how inexpensive they are, and a center of printing develops at Ballydrogheda. It is reported that the King and the high clergy of the Church admire them for how inexpensive they are, and how they can bring the Word of God to the masses, one thing the Western Church is about. The Eiric Exploration Company is formed and is put in charge of the exploration and eventual colonization of the New World.
 * Fusahito Theocracy: The city of Sendai begins to grow, with many members of the nobility eager to buy property in the newly constructed city. Similarly, many of the lesser nobility,craftsmen and artisans clamour to live in the modern city. Gifts are sent to the other Daimyos to improve relations, including gold and jade. The Emperor continues with a series of reforms meant to gradually phase out and then abolish slavery in Japan, cracking down on the continuation of the purchase and sale of slaves. The new religious police, modelled on the Chinese Jinyiwei begin to crack down on the slave trade, with full authority to arrest, interrogate and punish anybody suspected of opposing the Emperor's decrees - including the nobility. The Yamana State begins to join the Fusahito Theocracy, with the Daimyo being made welcome at the Fusahito court and plied with gifts. Year one of seven.
 * Isshiki State: The Isshiki State transfers further powers to the Theocratic government in Kyoto.
 * The Tartary continues with large demographic growth, as the native birth rates are now quite high once again. With the Time of Troubles now safely in the annals of history, the Tatar population is now facing positive growth in most aspects. The economy is developed, with several major cities' output beginning to grow; so does the military, as it begins to be modernised in Western armament. The large population growth of the Tartary leads to slight overpopulation in the areas around Qazan, the most densely inhabited part of the nation; this leads to many leaving eastwards, expanding the nation's borders 2500 square kilometres to the east. The Tartary begins sending large-scale Mastoravic peasants eastwards, to Bukhara, increasing national influence over Bukhara. Trade is opened with the Netherlands, as requested the previous years. While the alliance with the Oirats is not outright accepted, military and economic cooperation is agreed upon.
 * Perm expands its population and economy. The Komi are encouraged to move into the nation, whence the language is official. More Mastoravic churches are built.
 * In Adyghea, the military is expanded.
 * In Azov, the economy grows. The population also did, with Tatars moving into areas where Ukrainians no longer lived.
 * Kazakhstan expands its economy.
 * Castile: The Castilian economy has massively swelled with thanks to the creation of the Spanish confederation and the addition of Aragon's trade and military fleet at Castile's disposal. Castile, as leader of the Spanish confederation, begins a series of economic and military reforms on all the kingdoms in order to expand all the local economies and militaries and centralize the confederation's economies in general. Castile has begun the development of a series of new ships meant to replace some of the aging designs and add some new innovations. The Castilian navy begins to replace multiple ships with the new carracks as some of the largest ships in the Castile fleet. The Castilian renaissance with the addition of Aragon's renaissance techniques has exploded significantly and with permission from the monarchy embroiled with organizing the Spanish confederacy and multiple projects the Renaissance has led to a mass amount of art and technological innovation being developed. King Ferdinand unable to resist the opportunity of the new lands heard of immediately commissions three separate trading companies to cross the seas and scout out these new lands. Leaving from multiple points the fleets reach the new lands and immediately go their separate ways. One fleet, the smallest of the three composing of seven ships, sails south mapping and cataloguing go much farther south than they believed finding a huge natural harbor. This hints to these men to be the perfect place for a trade outpost as well as a city in the future.. The Colony of Buenos Aires expands by (10 px) up the coast. The Castilian populace reaches about 10 million and growing. The Castilian troops send nearly 2000 troops to Central America in preparation for a war with the Mayans occupying a slice of Coast in preparation for the conflict. The Castilians begin to recruit Indian auxiliaries and over the gear manage nearly 12,000 auxiliaries. Seige Cannons are brought with the army. The army attacks with aragon all along the mayans coast
 * Kingdom of Aragon: The Kingdom's navy the military navy in particular is given to a series of respected and well known Aragonians loyal to Castile. Aragon's assimilation into Castile cultural base begins due to many nobles now speaking Spanish (Castilian) which shows a notable effect of a few people especially merchants and some developing artisans which are currently able to speak the language proficiently. Aragonians spurred on by Prince Carlos to rebuild Zaragoza continue the work needed to rebuild the city and the various burned towns surrounding the city with the city being moderately repaired. For the time being, however, the capital of Aragon proper is migrated to Valencia. With Castilian assistance various infrastructural areas are rebuilt and the military is expanded to a token force of 10,000. Along with this support the Aragonian economy recovers slowly with a slow but controlled influx of Castilian economic aid helping Aragon recover. The ruling magistrate over Aragon signs a landmark trade deal with Castile which allows for Aragon's usage of Castile's large amounts of trade posts down the coast of Africa. The Aragonians now in control of the Spanish South African trading company fund the creation of the expansion of the Trade outpost into a formal colony to be settled much like Morocco and Granada were by Castile. The Colony of Cape Ferdinand expands 10 px up the coast. Its mostly populated by Castilians who are the main people moving to the colonies. Aragons population continues to be culturally integrated with the next generation speaking primarily spanish with Catalan being phased out by the newer generation. Aragonian troops are sent to central america and occupy a slice of the Mayan Coast. The Aragonians attack along with castile.
 * Kingdom of Cyprus: The King of Cyprus is now King Alexander of Cyprus. The King of Cyprus begins to see Castilian culture not as a dominant force but a possible blendable culture that can fit well within Cypriot society. The economy and military of the country is built up as is the infrastructure with a nice road system being built throughout the country. Cyprus gaining large funds from being a Castilian trade hub, begins building a few ships domestically, and purchases ships from Castile, or her allies shipwrights forming a respectable Cypriot navy of almost 90 ships with expected expansion to come. This expansion has been achieved specifically thanks to huge amounts of outsourcing to private shipwrights. Cyprus begins to see an exodus of the Knights Hospitaller west to Castile and her territories and King Matthias begins a larger recruitment for the military managing to raise a force of nearly 10,000. This force is largely funded through the large trade Cyprus has gathered. The troops are styled after Castile's royal army and Cyprus embarks on an intense training program in order to bring them up to standards. The Knights, with many departing, also have many older and other knights stay due to their close ties with Cyprus. They remain to run the Knights Hospitaller in Cyprus for the foreseeable future while a large number have migrated across the sea. The Kingdom of Cyprus due to the recent issues in Castile reluctantly recognizes Carlos and his Regency for Prince Ferdinand. Cyprus itself with its fleet of nearly 100 ships begins to take after the Venetian example with trade and begins to put Cypriot merchant ships into state possession for trade in order to help with the kingdom's finances and heavy trade. This show immediate results as a relative increase in funding and attention to trade between Castile and her allies begins to improve the quality of trade. The Assassins Guild sets up in Cyprus looking to prevent issues in the kingdom with corruption and serving as their base into Muslim countries.
 * Kingdom of Morocco: The Kingdom establishes its capital in Casablanca and with this, begins a major point of establishing a major military presence in the area. The infrastructure, particularly in dealing with transport and water, is expanded to accommodate more people but the only people allowed to settle are Christians - particularly from Hispania. A notable number of Castilians settle the area. The leader of Morocco styled a king, out of respect deducts himself in rank to Prince of Morocco as the throne is only to be held by the King of Castile himself if it's ever required. The country begins the construction of various canals and cultivates trees farther inland to help increase arable farmland. The Moroccan economy continue to expand with greater trade coming from Castile and the Canaries all the way down to Capo Verde increasing the relative wealth. The Kingdom with many canals having been completed has vastly expanded its farmland among other things. Morocco's total population reaches nearly 750,000 with Christianity becoming dominant in the area. Calne-Vicuna is finished and is opened as an center for Christianity in North Africa with a library said to rival old Alexandria's. The Moroccan Assassins Guild forms and spreads keeping the peace and killing the corrupt as well as making morocco much more peaceful for Castilian Rule.
 * Kongo: The Kingdom begins to work toward a trade and production economy focusing on helping provide resources for Castile's burgeoning West African trade network. The King of the Kongo converting to Christianity and being baptised begins to call for the expansion of ports to the best of the Kongolese architects' abilities. With the King also adopts the name John, in favor of the king who began these exploratory operations down the coast of Africa. The King also organized a band of Christian soldiers who help keep the peace who also begin to help with conversions to Christianity as a series of missionaries and high level priests from the Western Church have come on a ship hearing of many pagans and heretics to convert. The King makes multiple successful campaigns against various of the petty kings in Kongo killing two of them and leaving the third on the run. The Christianization of multiple areas is completed and multiple others are begun. The Kingdom of the Kongo in an attempt to increase economic output and trade begins to export a moderate amount of raw materials to Castile and begins to push toward heavy exploitation methods if possible.
 * Milan: Work continues on the Certosa di Pavia, the Castle Visconteo, and on the extensive Milan Cathedral. We continue training a proper standing army, utilizing Swiss mercenaries and local recruits. With border disputes now settled between the nations of Austria and Switzerland, we continue opening friendly relations with both nations in hopes of repairing our diplomatic relations and protecting our northern border. We continue constructing cogs and galleys to strengthen our navy and protect our interests on the seas. Our turn is dedicated to economy in both our nation and our vassals. Many begin to call for a possible counter attack into Venice to end their clashes with Milan once and for all, and possible plans are created.
 * Novgorod: We continue the production of Koch boats, cannons, hand cannons, advanced crossbows, swords, and composite bows, increasing our military capabilities in case of war. The nation’s training and advancement of military continues. The recent classes of Koch ships are being manufactured in Novgorod. The town of St Patriksburg’s population grows a bit more that last year. As the construction of the town improves, the Kremlin finishes, trade becoming more in demand, the town gains slightly. Because of the trade road built with Tver our economy increases. After seeing a great success with the private schools in the cities of Novgorod, St Patriksburg, Staraya Russa, and Nizhny Novgorod. We start building another private school in Rostov and Yaroslavl. We complete building private schools in Torzhok and a private school in Staraya Ladoga. We dedicate this turn to economy. We continue to establish ties with our allies Muscovy and Pskov. We offer to help Pskov develop this new type of koch, and engineers in Novgorod begin producing a model of their own. The new ship, constructed almost exclusively for sea-based travel will be thirty meters in length. The new ship will have three masts, and becomes known as a trikoch. We also begin producing shitiks that are fifteen to twenty meters in length for the purpose of transporting cargo. War is declared on the nation of Scandinavia to aid our Hamburg allies and to possibly reclaim lost territory. We ask all Russian states to do so as well.
 * Tver: We complete the construction of the private school in Tver and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Yaroslavl, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Yaroslavl: We complete the construction of the private school in Yaroslavl and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Rostov: We completed the construction of the private school in Rostov and start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Yaroslavl, Muscovy. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Grand Duchy of Moscow: The nation of Muscovy begins trading along routes routing through the nation of Novgorod and its vassals, and the nation of Pskov. Money collected through trade and taxation is saved this year in the Muscovite treasury in case of an emergency. Trade routes are established between the nations of Poland, Hungary, Rumania, and the Roman Empire, and we promote friendly relations with all these nations. We become closer to Novgorod through trade, relying on Novgorod for safe land routes into our northern territory. The nations of the Ukraine continue to be vassalized. In case of attack we expand our military, recruiting free levies from our cities to protect local regions of our nation. Pikes and crossbows become common equipment in some units after they begin to be produced locally to outfit local regiments. Bowmen continue to be an essential part of our military to provide support for melee units, with some gunpowder weaponry being used. In major cities kremlins are upgraded and outfitted with modern equipment and dedicated garrisons to combat any threat or invasion. The largest kremlin, located in Moscow, is especially upgraded, with new walls being added that are wider and can hold cannons. Italian architects are also invited to our courts to design certain aspects of the city. This turn in our nation and vassals is dedicated to economy. We declare war on Scandinavia to aid Novgorod, and we send an army immediately. We ask that the Tartary refrain from invading us, and we stress this is merely to reclaim lost territory, and we have no intentions of outright conquest.
 * Lithuania: This turn is officially dedicated to economy. Trade between Moscow, Prussia, and other nations helps to amass wealth, which is partially used to finance infrastructural projects and military fortifications.
 * Rumania: Mircea II, now 41, continues to work on improving the economy; Iron, Salt, and Coal mines dot the landscape. Coal begins to become a major resource produced. These mines provide the resources required by the foundries and traders on the coast. The Danube becomes a highway of commerce, hundreds of barges travel up and down its length transporting people, materials, goods, and ideas. The printing press continues to spread across Rumania. As much as 8.5% of the nation has reached basic literacy, and the Moralists promote education of commoners by priests, in order to give everyone the opportunity to read the bible. The Eastern Trade Company grows. Stephen, now 23, begins to take over from his father, he co-rules over Moldavia. Meanwhile he continues to be educated. His desire to learn is nigh unquenchable, he studies whatever mechanisms he can find. This passion for knowledge leads him to want to increase the scientific level of Rumania. He commissions several schools for the children of boyars and wealthy merchants. The schools teach Romanian, Latin, and Greek, along with Arithmetic and History.
 * The Consulate of Bulgaria: The economy continues to grow. The printing press spreads south into Bulgaria just as in Rumania. Ties with Rumania are strengthened; hundreds of Romanians move into the country, seeking cheap and productive land, and inter-marriage becomes very common. Bulgarians also begin to migrating to trade towns in Romania to seek more economic opportunities. Bulgarian populations in Rumania now represent a large minority, and the same can be said about Romanians in Bulgaria. Ethnic tensions are uncommon in both nations as multi-ethnic communities existed before the large migrations.