John Lambert (Cromwell the Great)

John Lambert (Autumn 1619 – March 1684) was Major-General, outstanding cavalry commander and politician. Active in civilian politics until his dismissal by Oliver Cromwell in 1657. Returned to politics in 1658 on request of the new Lord Protector, Henry Cromwell.

Early politic career and dismissal
Lambert fought during the English Civil War and then in Oliver Cromwell's Scottish campaign (1650–51), becoming thereafter active in civilian politics. During this time he wrote the Instrument of Government, and was influential in bringing about the Protectorate, by which Oliver Cromwell became Protector, but broke with Cromwell over the his acceptance of the Humble Petition and Advice. In July 1657, Cromwell demanded the surrender of his commissions, receiving instead a pension of £2000 a year. He retired from public life to Wimbledon.

Return to politics
He remained inactive from politics until Lord Protector Henry Cromwell named him member of the Commonwealth Council of State (September 1658) and later elevated him to Lord President of it (12 November 1658).

For the rest of Henry Cromwell's Protectorship he effectively head of government and an accomplished administrator, a skillful politician, a good speaker in Parliament and one of key organizers of the Cromwellians as an organized political faction. Was one leading spirits drafter of the Constitutional Framework of the Commonwealth, but opposite on the creation of the Senate. Contrary to his previous actions he became promoter of civilian supremacy over the military and pressed for the oath of loyalty to the Commonwealth by the Army and Navy

Government Offices
Member of the Council of State (April 1653-July 1657, September 1658-... ). Was Major-General for Cumberland, County Durham, Northumberland, Westmorland and Yorkshire (August 1654-January 1657).

Parliament
Nominated member of the Parliament (July 1653-December 1653), elected member of the Parliament for Yorkshire-West Riding (September 1654- January 1655, September 1656-February 1658, 1659-...). Named Senator.