1954 Czechoslovak federal election (WFAC)

Federal elections were held in Czechoslovakia on 14 and 15 May 1954. All 300 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and all 150 seats in the Chamber of Nations were up for election, with MPs elected by party-list proportional representation and all Senators elected by first-past-the-post voting.

The Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party remained the largest party by winning 91 of the 300 seats with 29.65% of the votes. The non-socialist parties retained a reduced majority of 154 seats, allowing Prime Minister Josef Černý's coalition to remain in government. However, since Černý's cabinet had lost much of its parliamentary basis in the election, they were dependent on the Sudeten German People's Party for support.

Electoral system
The 300 members of the Chamber of Deputies were elected from 14 multi-member constituencies (each usually electing between five and 25 members) using open list proportional representation, in which they could give preferential votes for up to four candidates on their chosen list. Seats were allocated using the d'Hondt method, with an electoral threshold a 4% threshold for single parties and 8% threshold for coalitions (requirements waived for national minorities). The members of the Chamber of Nations were elected using first-past-the-post voting in 150 single-member districts; 75 in each republic. To be included on a ballot, a senate candidate had to present 2000 signatures of support from their constituents. Should a party have 151 or more deputies in the Chamber of Deputies, it has an absolute majority and can thus govern autonomously, without the need for support from other parties. The constitution can be amended with a super majority of two-thirds, or 301 deputies.

The Czechoslovak constitution states that elections to the Federal Assembly must be held every four years. Polling days in Czechoslovakia are Friday and Saturday, and voters could submit their ballots on either day. The exact date of the election was to be chosen by the President, who is obliged to call it at least 60 days prior to the expiration of the electoral term and ending on the day of its expiration. If the Chamber of Deputies were dissolved, elections should be held within 60 days of its dissolution. On 5 March 1954, President Jan Masaryk announced 14 and 15 May 1954 as election days.

For the first time since the war, Germans and Hungarians were allowed to register to vote.

Chamber of Deputies
'''Summary of the 14–15 May 1954 Chamber of Deputies of Czechoslovakia election results ! colspan="8" align="center" | !style="text-align:left" colspan="2"| Parties !style="text-align:left"| Leaders ! Votes ! % ! ± ! Seats ! ± ! 8,042,238 ! colspan="2" align="left"| 100.0% !style="text-align:left; " colspan="2"|300
 * - style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
 * style="background-color:#F0001C"|
 * style="text-align:left"| Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party (Československá strana sociálně demokratická) (ČSSD)
 * style="text-align:left"| Václav Majer
 * 2,354,739
 * 29.65%
 * 0.37%
 * 91
 * 2
 * style="background-color:#008542"|
 * style="text-align:left"| Republican Party (Republikánská strana) (RS)
 * style="text-align:left"| Josef Černý
 * 1,942,061
 * 24.45%
 * 3.27%
 * 75
 * 12
 * style="background-color:#ffe03e"|
 * style="text-align:left"| Czechoslovak People's Party (Československá strana lidová) (ČSL)
 * style="text-align:left"|
 * 820,502
 * 9.82%
 * 1.04%
 * 30
 * 3
 * style="background-color:#BF0202"|
 * style="text-align:left"| Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (Komunistická strana Československa) (KSČ)
 * style="text-align:left"|
 * 750,648
 * 9.45%
 * 0.97%
 * 29
 * 3
 * style="background-color:#5566CC"|
 * style="text-align:left"| Slovak People's Party (Slovenská ľudová strana) (SĽS)
 * style="text-align:left"|
 * 543,253
 * 6.84%
 * 0.55%
 * 20
 * 2
 * style="background-color:#F4C2C2"|
 * style="text-align:left"| Czechoslovak National Social Party (Československá strana národně sociální) (ČSNS)
 * style="text-align:left"|
 * 528,770
 * 6.66%
 * 0.88%
 * 20
 * 3
 * style="background-color:#003399"|
 * style="text-align:left"| Liberal Democratic Party (Liberální demokratická strana) (LDS)
 * style="text-align:left"|
 * 464,720
 * 5.85%
 * 1.10%
 * 16
 * 2
 * style="background-color:black"|
 * style="text-align:left"| Sudeten German People's Party (Sudetendeutsche Volkspartei) (SDVP)
 * style="text-align:left"|
 * 346,707
 * 4.37%
 * New
 * 13
 * New
 * style="background-color:green"|
 * style="text-align:left"| Hungarian National Party (Magyar Nemzeti Párt–Maďarská národní strana) (MNP)
 * style="text-align:left"|
 * 175,593
 * 2.21%
 * New
 * 6
 * New
 * colspan="3" style="text-align:left"|Other parties
 * 55,971
 * 0.69%
 * 0.69%
 * 0
 * 0
 * - style="background-color:#AAAAAA"
 * colspan="8"|
 * style="background-color:gray"|
 * style="text-align:left" colspan="2"| Blank or invalid votes
 * 100,270
 * colspan="4"|1.25%
 * - style="background-color:#AAAAAA"
 * colspan="8"|
 * style="text-align:left; " colspan="3"| Total&emsp;(Turnout: 91.95% – electorate: 8,746,704)
 * 0
 * - style="background-color:#AAAAAA"
 * colspan="8"|
 * style="background-color:gray"|
 * style="text-align:left" colspan="2"| Blank or invalid votes
 * 100,270
 * colspan="4"|1.25%
 * - style="background-color:#AAAAAA"
 * colspan="8"|
 * style="text-align:left; " colspan="3"| Total&emsp;(Turnout: 91.95% – electorate: 8,746,704)
 * style="text-align:left; " colspan="3"| Total&emsp;(Turnout: 91.95% – electorate: 8,746,704)
 * style="text-align:left; " colspan="3"| Total&emsp;(Turnout: 91.95% – electorate: 8,746,704)
 * - style="background-color:#AAAAAA"
 * colspan="8"|
 * style="text-align:left; " colspan="3"| Turnout in the Czech Federative Republic – electorate: 6,402,027
 * 5,928,277
 * colspan="4"| 92.60%
 * style="text-align:left; " colspan="3"| Turnout in the Slovak Federative Republic – electorate: 2,344,677
 * 2,113,961
 * colspan="4"| 90.16%
 * }
 * colspan="4"| 90.16%
 * }

Chamber of Nations
'''Summary of the 14–15 May 1954 Chamber of Nations election results ! colspan="8" align="center" | !style="text-align:left" colspan="2" | Parties !style="text-align:left" | Votes !style="text-align:left" | % of votes !style="text-align:left" | Seats ! ± !colspan="8" align="center"| Czechia ! 5,086,009 ! align="left" | 100.00% ! colspan="2" align="left" | 75 !colspan="8" align="center"| 🇸🇰 Slovakia ! 0 ! align="left" | 100.00% ! colspan="2" align="left" | 75 ! width="150px" | 0 ! width="40px" align="left" | 100.0% ! width="30px" colspan="2" align="left" | 150
 * - style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
 * - style="background-color:#AAAAAA"
 * style="background-color:#F0001C" width="1px"|
 * style="text-align:left" | Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party (Československá strana sociálně demokratická) (ČSSD)
 * 0
 * 0.00%
 * 0
 * 0
 * style="background-color:#008542" width="1px"|
 * style="text-align:left" | Republican Party (''Republikánská strana') (RS)
 * 0
 * 0.00%
 * 0
 * 0
 * style="background-color:#ffe03e"|
 * style="text-align:left" | Czechoslovak People's Party (Československá strana lidová) (ČSL)
 * 0
 * 0.00%
 * 0
 * 0
 * style="background-color:#BF0202"|
 * style="text-align:left" | Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (Komunistická strana Československa) (KSČ)
 * 0
 * 0.00%
 * 0
 * 0
 * style="background-color:#F4C2C2"|
 * style="text-align:left" | Czechoslovak National Social Party (Československá strana národně sociální) (ČSNS)
 * 0
 * 0.00%
 * 0
 * 0
 * style="background-color:#003399"|
 * style="text-align:left"| Liberal Democratic Party (Liberální demokratická strana) (LDS)
 * 0
 * 0.00%
 * 0
 * 0
 * style="background-color:black"|
 * style="text-align:left"| Sudeten German People's Party (Sudetendeutsche Volkspartei) (SDVP)
 * 0
 * 0.00%
 * 0
 * 0
 * - style="background-color:#AAAAAA"
 * colspan="8"|
 * style="text-align:left" colspan="2"|Invalid or blank votes
 * 0
 * 0.00%
 * N/A
 * N/A
 * - style="background-color:#AAAAAA"
 * colspan="8"|
 * style="text-align:left; " colspan="2"| Total in the Czech Federative Republic (Turnout: 84.40% – electorate: 6,026,077)
 * style="text-align:left" colspan="2"|Invalid or blank votes
 * 0
 * 0.00%
 * N/A
 * N/A
 * - style="background-color:#AAAAAA"
 * colspan="8"|
 * style="text-align:left; " colspan="2"| Total in the Czech Federative Republic (Turnout: 84.40% – electorate: 6,026,077)
 * style="text-align:left; " colspan="2"| Total in the Czech Federative Republic (Turnout: 84.40% – electorate: 6,026,077)
 * - style="background-color:#AAAAAA"
 * style="background-color:#F0001C"|
 * style="text-align:left" | Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party (Československá strana sociálně demokratická) (ČSSD)
 * 0
 * 0.00%
 * 0
 * 0
 * style="background-color:#008542"|
 * style="text-align:left" | Republican Party (''Republikánská strana') (RS)
 * 0
 * 0.00%
 * 0
 * 0
 * style="background-color:#5566CC"|
 * style="text-align:left" | Slovak People's Party (Slovenská ľudová strana) (SĽS)
 * 0
 * 0.00%
 * 0
 * 0
 * style="background-color:#BF0202"|
 * style="text-align:left" | Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (Komunistická strana Československa) (KSČ)
 * 0
 * 0.00%
 * 0
 * 0
 * style="background-color:#003399"|
 * style="text-align:left"| Liberal Democratic Party (Liberální demokratická strana) (LDS)
 * 0
 * 0.00%
 * 0
 * 0
 * style="background-color:#F4C2C2"|
 * style="text-align:left" | Czechoslovak National Social Party (Československá strana národně sociální) (ČSNS)
 * 0
 * 0.00%
 * 0
 * 0
 * style="background-color:green"|
 * style="text-align:left"| Hungarian National Party (Magyar Nemzeti Párt–Maďarská národní strana) (MNP)
 * 0
 * 0.00%
 * 0
 * 0
 * - style="background-color:#AAAAAA"
 * colspan="8"|
 * style="text-align:left" colspan="2"|Invalid or blank votes
 * 0
 * 0.00%
 * N/A
 * N/A
 * - style="background-color:#AAAAAA"
 * colspan="8"|
 * style="text-align:left; " colspan="2"| Total in the Slovak Federative Republic (Turnout: 0.00% – electorate: 1,971,958)
 * style="text-align:left" colspan="2"|Invalid or blank votes
 * 0
 * 0.00%
 * N/A
 * N/A
 * - style="background-color:#AAAAAA"
 * colspan="8"|
 * style="text-align:left; " colspan="2"| Total in the Slovak Federative Republic (Turnout: 0.00% – electorate: 1,971,958)
 * style="text-align:left; " colspan="2"| Total in the Slovak Federative Republic (Turnout: 0.00% – electorate: 1,971,958)
 * - style="background-color:#AAAAAA"
 * colspan="8"|
 * style="text-align:left; " colspan="2"| Total&emsp;(Turnout: 0.00% – electorate: 7,998,035)
 * style="text-align:left; " colspan="2"| Total&emsp;(Turnout: 0.00% – electorate: 7,998,035)
 * }