Yugoslavia (German Heritage)

Yugoslavia, officially known as the Federation of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croatian: Federacija Jugoslavije; Slovene: Zveza Jugoslavije), is a located in South-Eastern Europe.

Yugoslavia sits on the Adriatic Sea and shares land borders with the, and  to the north,  to the East, and  to the south.

After the collapsed in the midst of the Great Depression, the South-Slavic states of Carniola, Croatia and Bosnia united together to form the pan-Slavic State of Slovenes, Croats & Serbs. It was colloquially known as Yugoslavia or Jugoslavia, which evolved to become the official name in the 1950s. Initially, Yugoslavia was a centralised confederation based around the Croatian Republic, the most influential of the republics. After student protects and public demonstrations in 1989-1990, Yugoslavia became a decentralised federation with a more equal regional system, Bosniak representation, and a quadripartite presidency.

Today, Yugoslavia has a stable economy dominated by service and industrial sectors and agriculture. Tourism is a significant source of revenue, with Yugoslavia ranked among the top 20 most popular tourist destinations in the world. The state controls a part of the economy, with substantial government expenditure. Yugoslavia is currently a member of the and the.

Etymology
The concept of Yugoslavia, as a single state for all South Slavic peoples, emerged in the late 17th century and gained prominence through the Illyrian Movement of the 19th century. The name was created by the combination of the Slavic words "jug" (south) and "slaveni" (Slavs) - Jugoslavia, or Yugoslavia. From 1932 to 1952, it was officially known as the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, which was often abbreviated to SHS. From its inception however, it was primarily known as Yugoslavia. After a referendum in 1951, the nation changed its name to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, before finally changing it in 1991 to the current Federation of Yugoslavia.

History
After the Austro-Hungarian state started to collapse in 1932, leaders of the Southern Slavic states started to plan their futures. Anton Korošec, leader of Carniola, Svetozar Pribićević of the Serb Community and Ante Pavelić of Croatia made plans for a pan-Slavic Yugoslav state in the post-collapse balance. The newly founded state was from the beginning dominated by the Croats and Slovenes of the union, causing a measure of enmity between the Yugoslav state and Bosniaks and Serbs.

...German support for the Ustase in an attempt to include Yugoslavia into the ironically pushed Yugoslavia further away from the imperial sphere-of-influence. However, anti-Serb sentiment also isolated it from, which supported an Yugoslav unification with Serbia. In 1965, under the direction of Vladimir Košak of the HSS joined the, which led to an economic boom in the late ‘60s to mid ‘70s. Yugoslavia became a prime holiday destination, primarily with Germans, Poles and Hungarians. Košak’s foreign policy advocated economic links with both sides (in order to make Yugoslavia prosper) while not committing to any political or military organisations. While benefiting Yugoslavia - the quality of living grew substantially - it also isolated it politically, which meant that in the event of war, Yugoslavia could potentially receive attacks from either side. These factors led Yugoslavia to join with other similarly situated nations to create the foundations of the.

Under the presidency of Branko Mikulić (1984-1990), the economy experienced the notable slump that all European economies were going through. This caused many to become politically dissatisfied with the ruling government of the Croatian Parties. Protests in Serb, Slovene and Bosniak communities became widespread, with the various democratic movements calling for federalisation.

Politics
The National Parliament is divided into a upper house of 20 members (the Assembly of Republics) and a lower house of 427 members (the Assembly of Deputies). Members of the Assembly of Republics are nominated by the Regional Assemblies of their respective republics. There are five members from each of the four republics. The Deputies are democratically voted into four year terms by national general elections.

Political Parties

 * National Democratic Party of Yugoslavia (NDS) is a centre-right party that is led by Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović. The NDS currently holds 178 seats in the National Assembly of Deputies, the most of any party. In the Assembly of Republics, it holds 2 Croatian seats and 1 Serbian seat. The NDS also is part of the ruling coalition, along with the National Liberal Party and the Christian Democrats. The NDS was founded in 1992 as part of the New Democratic movements that formed after the federalisation and inherited a large part of the Croatian Peasant Party’s membership.
 * Social Democrats (SD). The SD holds 152 seats in the Assembly of Deputies, and 2 Bosniak seats, two Croat seats, three Slovene seats and 2 Serbian seats.
 * National Liberal Party (NLS)
 * Christian Democrats (KD)
 * Agrarian Union (AU)
 * Yugoslav Nationalist Party (JNS) is a right-wing/far-right conservative, populist party that is led by . The party, which supports de-federalisation and Yugoslav nationalism, mostly finds its support base among young men in Croatia and Slovenia. JNS has seen rapid growth in recent years, with many speculating that it will become a dominant force in politics. In the 2018 General Election, JNS gained 6 seats, pushing it to a total of 8 seats.
 * Party of Democratic Action (SDA) is a centre-right Conservative party that represents Bosniak interests in Yugoslavia. It currently holds 8 seats in the Assembly of Deputies and 3 of the five Bosniak seats in the Assembly of the Republics.
 * Serb Party (SRB)
 * Socialist Party of Yugoslavia (SSJ)

Federal Divisions
Yugoslavia is divided into four republics, which are autonomous in all affairs apart including broadcasting policy, civil service, common markets, constitution, electricity, coal, oil, gas, defence and national security, drug policy, employment and foreign policy and relations with Europe. Each Republic has a unicameral Republic Assembly, which is elected in four-year terms. The four republics are:
 * Flag_of_Croatia_(white_chequy).svg Croatia: Croatia is the largest of the republics, and has its capital at . Though formerly in Zagreb, the capital was moved in 1990 as part of Yugoslavia’s federalisation process. It is currently governed by the centre-right with Gordan Jandroković as its minister-president.


 * Flag_of_Slovenia.svg Slovenia: Slovenia sits at the far-north of the country and has its capital at . Slovenia is currently governed by Marjan Šarec and his populist party. Slovenian politics have historically been dominated by the conservative Slovene People's Party and left-wing Social Democrats.


 * Flag_Serbia_(TNE).png Serb Republic (Srpska): Srpska is located in the south-east and has its regional capital at . Serbia is governed by Željka Cvijanović and the left-wing Alliance of Independent Social Democrats. Srpska is one of the poorest regions of Yugoslavia, and decades of local fighting between the Bosniak and Serb inhabitants have left their mark on Serbian society.


 * Bosniak_national_flag.svg Bosniak Republic (Bosnia): Bosnia is located in east of the country, and is surrounded by the Croatian Republic to the West, and Srpska to the East. Bosnia’s capital is the city of . While no party can rule by a majority, Bosnia is led by and the . Bosnia is the newest of the republics, having previously been governed as part of Croatia. Bosniak protests in 1989-90 led to the foundation of the republic in 1990-91.

Presidential Council
The Presidential Council is a four-member body that collectively serves as the head of state. The Chairman of the Council is the preceding member, and rotates among the members every 1st of January. The Council is made up of the four ethnic groups of Yugoslavia, the, , and. Since 1991, the chairmanship has rotated Bosniak, Serb, Croat and Slovene. The current council is comprised of:

Sports
Football is the most popular sport is Yugoslavia. The Yugoslav National Football Team is one of the best in Europe and is even known as the “Brazilians of Europe”. The Kit (Pictured Right) is the national colours of dark blue, white and red. The shorts have bands of Orange, Blue, Red, Green and Yellow on the side, which symbolises the various ethnic groups. The Yugoslav National Tournament takes place every year since 2006 between the four teams of the republics. The current champion is Croatia, who have won a total of 5 championships, with the Serbian team following with a notable 4 victories. Basketball is also popular with Yugoslav youths, and also has a strong national team.
 * Orange - Croats
 * Blue - Serbs
 * Red - Slovenes
 * Green - Bosniaks
 * Yellow - Other minorities