World War III (Atlantic Resolve)

World War III (often abbreviated to WWIII or WW3), also known as the Third World War, was a global war that started on 28 September 2016.

Dissolution of the Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics broke apart by the end of 1991 which marked the end of the First Cold War. The Russian Federation and other former Soviet republics entered economic turmoil that lasted throughout the 1990's. Under Boris Yeltsin, the Russian Federation gradually had become friendlier with the West.

Kosovo War (1998-1999)
NATO bombing during the Kosovo War in 1999 led to heightened tensions between the West and Russia. Even after a treaty was signed with Yugoslavia, there was a short but tense standoff between Russian and NATO troops known as the Incident at Priština Airport which was resolved peacefully.

Rise of Vladimir Putin
Once Vladimir Putin, a former KGB officer, assumed the presidency following the retirement of Boris Yeltsin, the Russian Federation had slowly begun its recovery from economic turmoil the 1990's. Putin himself had stated that the collapse of the Soviet Union was a mistake.

South Ossetia War (2008)
In August 2008, the Russian military invaded the former Soviet Republic of Georgia. The war ended a few weeks later with South Ossetia and Abkhazia achieving de facto independence.

Euromaiden and the Ukrainian Revolution (2013-14)
The Euromaiden was a wave of demonstrations and civil unrest which began on November 21, 2013 when Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych chose to suspend the signing of the Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement in favor of maintaining closer ties with the Russian Federation. The movement was initially limited to minor protests until a police crackdown led to a full-scale riot.

The increasing unrest eventually led to the 2014 Ukrainian Revolution which ended with the ouster of President Yanukovych from power. Masked Russian soldiers without insignias took over the Supreme Council of Crimea and occupied strategic sites across Crimea. The Russian Federation annexed Crimea a few weeks later. In 17 July 2014, Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17 was shot down after flying over separatist airspace in eastern Ukraine. It was alleged that Russian forces or pro-Russian separatists were responsible. In August 2014, Russian intervention in the War in Donbass became more visibly apparent due to numerous border crossings by Russian military forces into eastern Ukraine without permission from the Ukrainian government.

Operation Atlantic Resolve
Operation Atlantic Resolve was initiated by the United States in response to Russian intervention in the internal affairs of Ukraine, mainly the War in Donbass as well as the annexation of Crimea. Additional US troops and equipment were deployed to the Baltic States and Poland, both to demonstrate solidarity with all members of NATO and as a message to the Russian Federation that attempting any military action to reclaim the Baltic region can only result in a far wider war.

2015 Military Exercises
On 16 March 2015, Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered the military to go on full readiness alert in snap drills throughout Russia and the Arctic. This order was given just one day after Putin revealed in a Russian television documentary that he was prepared to order a full nuclear alert in the event of NATO intervention in response to Russia's annexation of Crimea the previous year. The Russian military snap drills including the deployment of bombers and ballistic missiles to Kaliningrad and Crimea.

Starting on May 4th, NATO commenced Operation Lightning Strike, a four-day military training mission designed to test troop readiness to react to a clandestine military incursion similar to the one the Russians used in Crimea in 2014. When the 2015 Moscow Victory Parade was held on May 9th to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the capitulation of Nazi Germany, the United States and the European Union refused to take part in the parade due to Russian intervention in the Ukrainian Revolution over the past year as well as the annexation of Crimea in 2014. On May 26th, NATO launched massive Arctic military drills in the Nordic countries; Russia responded by commencing its own Arctic war games.

Ukraine attacks Russian forces in Crimea (Point of Divergence)
Russia Day celebrations were held in Sevastopol, Crimea on 12 June 2015. When Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko learned of this the following day, he saw it as Russia further asserting dominance over Ukrainian territory. Angered by this, Poroshenko ordered an immediate air strike against Russian positions in the Crimea. Less then an hour later, Ukrainian warplanes bombed Russian military bases throughout Crimea, with the naval base at Sevastopol being hit hardest. The Novorossiya War had begun.

Russian Invasion of Ukraine
As a result of the Ukrainian air strikes against the Russians in the Crimea on June 13th, tensions throughout the region intensified greatly with Russian President Vladimir Putin declaring that the Ukraine had just committed an act of war against the Russian Federation and promised retaliation. This happened the following day with Russia invading Ukraine with thousands of Russian troops backed by armored vehicles, gunships, and fighter aircraft. The invasion forces quickly linked up with pro-Russian separatists already fighting government troops. While NATO and the EU didn't outright go to war with Russia, additional material support was sent to the Ukrainian government. The Novorossiya War lasted over two months with Russian military forces occupying all of "Novorossiya" which consisted of Ukraine's eastern and southern oblasts in July; Russian forces also took Kiev in August. The war finally ended in late August with Ukraine's unconditional surrender. All of Ukraine was under Russian military occupation and was eventually reorganized as the Novorossiyan Confederation.

Bosnian Civil War (2016)
After the outbreak of the Novorossiya War, the ethnic tensions in the Balkans which had been presumably resolved following the conclusion of the Yugoslav Wars had begun to resurface over the following months mainly in the form of peaceful demonstration. The situation intensified in the first week of March however when the Bosnian Serb Republika Srpska declared independence from Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Bosnian government responded by declaring martial law and sending in the military to reestablish control of Republika Srpska. The Bosnian Serbs fought back and the country quickly descended into civil war. The Battle of Sarajevo begun almost immediately with Bosnian Serb insurgents attacking Bosnian government forces.

While the Republic of Serbia was initially neutral in the Bosnia Civil War, they did supply Bosnian Serbs with weapons and offered statements of support for their cause. The conflict was eventually locked down in a nationwide stalemate through November and most of December with neither side gaining much ground.

Creation of the All-Russian Federation
During the Russia Day celebrations on 12 June 2016, Russian President Vladimir Putin gave the "All-Russia Speech" in the Kremlin, stating that the Russian Federation wasn't just for Great Russia (Russia) but for Little Russia (Novorossiya) and White Russia (Belarus) as well. Russian President Vladimir Putin, Novorossiyan President Viktor Yanukovych, and Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko signed the Treaty on the Creation of the All-Russian Federation which unified all three countries in a new union.

Heightened Tensions
Relations between Russia and the West further deteriorated following Russia's de facto annexation of Belarus and Ukraine. President Barack Obama condemned the move and announced that the United States was leveling a total economic embargo against the so-called All-Russian Federation. NATO aircraft and ships increased their patrols of the Baltic and Black Seas while the US deployed additional troops to Europe. The Russians also stepped up construction of their base in the Arctic as well as increased aerial and submarine patrols throughout the region. Russia's Airborne Troops and Spetsnaz ran additional series of drills. Russian bomber interceptions off the coasts of NATO countries became more frequent then ever.

North Korea also committed a number of additional missile tests plus the entire Korean People's Army (KPA) was being fully mobilized. As a response, the United States deployed additional forces to the Korean Peninsula.

2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt
A coup d'état against Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's government was attempted on 15 July 2016 by a faction of the Turkish Armed Forces calling themselves the Peace at Home Council. The Turkish government however was able to topple the attempt the following day and many conspirators were arrested. Erdoğan accused US General Joseph Votel, head of United States Central Command, of supporting the coup conspiracy and even called into question Turkey's future cooperation with the United States. External power was cut off to Incirlik Air Base and a no-fly zone for US military aircraft established. On 10 August 2016, the unexpected happened when Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan announced the unilateral withdrawal of Turkey from the NATO alliance and even credited Russia with warning him of the failed coup d'état attempt.

War breaks out in North America
During the afternoon of 28 September 2016, armed gunmen seized control of airports, seaports, and national guard armories in several cities in Washington State and Oregon. The gunmen were initially believed to be domestic militia likely affiliated with the Alternative Right Movement (Alt-Right) due to demonstrations held by that group the previous week during which Lana Lokteff announced that a message was about to be sent to the US federal government in exactly one week. The ATF and the FBI were sent in to deal with the problem. Shortly after, numerous cyber attacks disrupted communications throughout the Pacific Northwest and a number of widespread power outages were reported. The theory of domestic militia came into doubt due to the scope of the operation as well as observers hearing the gunmen speaking in Russian. This was difficult to confirm due to the communications disruption and the Kremlin offering no explanation when asked what was happening.

The situation spiraled out of control as the Russian military had begun a combined amphibious and airborne invasion of Seattle and the surrounding area. Additional troops and equipment arrived in the city through the airports and seaports; there was no doubt by this point that the "domestic militia" involved in the takeovers were in fact Russian Spetsnaz GRU. Russian warships simultaneously launched dozens of conventional Cruise Missiles at military installations throughout the Pacific Northwest as well as Alaska and northern California. Ten minutes following initial attacks, additional Russian forces landed in several coastal cities in Washington State (Olympia, Port Townsend, Raymond, etc.), Oregon (Portland, Astoria, Coos Bay, etc.), and California (Crescent City). Additionally, Russian paratroopers were dropped into several inland cities and towns in Washington State (Fork, Centrailia, Aberdeen, etc.) and Oregon (Eugene, Salem, Medford, etc.).

US President Barack Obama condemned the Russian invasion as a blatant act of war against the United States of America. In an emergency session, the United States Congress had declared a state of war with the All-Russian Federation in response to the invasion and President Obama had immediately signed said declaration. The United States also invoked Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty which stated an attack on one or more members of NATO was an attack on all. The invocation was confirmed by NATO within hours and the Third World War had officially begun.

Heavy fighting took place all along the US Pacific Northwest coast. With the majority of US active duty personnel in the normally stationed in the Pacific Northwest currently deployed overseas and eventually facing combat over there, the National and State Guards were practically the only military opposition that the invaders initially encountered. Intense urban warfare took place in several towns and cities with National Guardsmen, law enforcement officers, and some armed civilians defending against the overwhelming Russian onslaught. Evacuations were attempted during the start of the war though most were stopped by roadblocks established by Russian paratroopers around the affected cities.

War breaks out in Europe
The Russian invasion of the Pacific Northwest turned out to be a diversion to their main objective. Within hours following the outbreak of hostilities in North America, the Russians launched numerous air and missile strikes against NATO military installations throughout Eastern Europe as well as Germany, Denmark, and Norway. While the Russians thus far refrained from the use of nuclear weapons, the devastation the attacks inflicted could not be denied. The Russians coordinated the air and missile strikes with a ground invasion of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Moldova. Several hundred thousand Russian troops, backed by aircraft and armor support, were involved in this new offensive. The Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) also took part in the invasion.

The Russians concentrated a majority of their offensive operations in Europe on the Baltic States and Poland with several tank guards and motorized rifle divisions involved in the invasion. The Russians also employed the dreaded Iskander tactical ballistic missile system, targeting NATO positions throughout the Baltic States and Poland with conventional warheads. Russian paratroopers were also dropped into key areas throughout eastern Poland while naval infantry staged an amphibious landing near the Polish city of Gdansk. Additional naval infantry amphibious landings were made near the Estonian capital city of Tallinn, Latvian capital city of Riga, and the Lithuanian port city of Klaipėda. All four cities rapidly descended into heavy urban warfare.

War breaks out in Asia
With the outbreak of open warfare between Russia and NATO, North Korea launched a full-scale attack on South Korea. Heavy artillery and ground-to-ground missiles rained down on ROK fortifications along the southern side of the DMZ. The Korean People's Army Special Operation Force (NKSOF) attacked key military and civilian targets throughout South Korea. The Joint Security Area within the Demilitarized Zone was rapidly transformed into a battleground as the ROK garrison was attacked by KPA and NKSOF forces. Less then an hour after the initial attacks had begun, North Korean armored units crossed the DMZ into South Korea and heavy combat took place all along the border with heavy casualties on both sides. United States Forces Korea (USFK) was ordered into combat against the North Koreans.

The Syrian Civil War became part of World War III upon the outbreak of the global conflict. As such, fighting throughout Syria escalated with American, Israeli, and Syrian opposition forces facing off against Russian, Iranian, and Syrian government forces in heavy ground, air, and naval combat. Heavy fighting quickly spread into the surrounding countries including Iraq, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, and Lebanon. Turkey, a former member of the NATO alliance, declared neutrality in the global conflict and expressly prohibited any NATO members from violating its territory.

Pacific Northwest foothold
Heavy fighting continued within the Russian invasion zones along the Pacific Northwest coast as well as several inland cities where enemy paratroopers had been dropped in. Several smaller cities had already fallen to the invaders after only 24 hours of war including Raymond, Aberdeen, Astoria, Medford, Crescent City, etc. Most of the other cities were at least halfway under enemy control. Only Seattle and Portland remained largely still under American control though the Russians were still gaining ground in both cities. Fighting had also begun taking place in towns and cities outside the initial invasion and drop zones. Russian forces also landed in Victoria and Vancouver in British Columbia, Canada in order to secure the northern flank as well as the passage into Puget Sound.

By the start of October, the Russians had successfully secured nearly all invasion and drop zones with the exception of Seattle and Portland. Roughly half of the Pacific Northwest coast was occupied as well. Russian forces continued gradually gaining control over more and more of the Pacific Northwest coast over the next several weeks. Intense urban warfare raged on in Seattle and Portland through most of October which devastated both cities as well as inflict heavy military and civilian casualties. The Battle of Seattle was already the deadliest battle of the war with tens of thousands dead. On 24 October 2016, the Russians had finally secured both cities as well as link all invasion and drop zones.

The USS Nimitz (CVN-68) and Carrier Strike Group 11 (CSG-11 or CARSTRKGRU 11), which was on maneuvers in the North Pacific when the invasion had begun, were ordered to move to the Pacific Northwest coast and stop further Russian reinforcements from arriving in the United States. However it took several days for CSG-11 to arrive and establish a naval blockade. By that point, the enemy had already brought in the necessary manpower and equipment to maintain the invasion for some time. The Nimitz Carrier Air Wing launched a number of air raids against the Russian forces on the ground and engaged in dogfighting with Russian fighters.

Russian occupational government
With their beachhead now secured and merged, Russian Colonel General Sergei Surovikin - the Commander of Russian Forces in North America - ordered the installation of the Federation Occupational Authority - North America on 25 October 2016 to govern the local population. Lana Lokteff was appointed President of the Federation Occupational Authority - North America. However, her job was mostly ceremonial and symbolic; the true executive power belonged to Colonel General Sergei Surovikin who was Prefect of the Federation Occupational Authority. Seattle was initially the de facto capital city of the FOA-NA and housed occupation headquarters. However the growing threat of insurgency promoted General Surovikin to transfer his headquarters to less populated city Astoria, Oregon. Lana Lokteff and her followers eventually declared formation of the Cascadian People's Republic which was recognized only by the Russians.

Pacific Northwest insurgency
While the Russians generally had control over the occupied territories, the American Resistance which was gradually formed since the invasion had begun launching guerrilla attacks against Russian troops. The majority of these attacks were carried out in Seattle and Portland, indicating to Russian occupation commanders that the cities were not yet as pacified as they had originally thought. An insurgent armed with a shoulder-fired missile took out a Russian Mil Mi-8 transport helicopter over Downtown Seattle, killing over a dozen soldiers on board. Several soldiers on patrol near a shopping mall in Portland were killed when an IED was detonated near their vehicle. Even in the countryside, the American Resistance was staging attacks. A Russian patrol boat on the Columbia River was ambushed and sunk by resistance fighters armed with small-arms and rocket-propelled grenades. A Russian infantry squad patrolling the Pacific Crest Trail between Medford and Ashland was ambushed by insurgents hiding in the woods. FOA President Lana Lokteff, at the direction of the Russian Prefect, ordered the creation of a militia force consisting solely of Alt-Right members to help the Russians battle the insurgents.

Pacific Northwest offensives
Due to the United States refusing to withdraw its forces from Europe or cancel the REFORGER convoys, President Vladimir Putin issued orders for a renewed offensive in the United States in the hope of forcing the Americans to change their minds. On 30 November 2016, Russian forces in western Washington State had begun a major ground offensive with the primary objective being the Columbia River. Russian forces in western Oregon also pushed into the mountains with the passes in central Oregon being the secondary objective. Russian paratroopers were also dropped into a few key locations ahead of the primary ground forces. While the first week of the newest offensive went according to plan, the Russians eventually faced numerous problems including the Air National Guard staging air strikes against advancing troops while the American Resistance frequently harassed logistical convoys. As December progressed, the Russians fell behind in their time table as it took them much longer to cover the same amount of ground. By the conclusion of the year, the Russians only managed to cover roughly one-third of the distance between the original beachhead and their primary objective points.

Baltic States Campaign
Russian forces continued their westward advance into Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Initially the Russian advancements were fast-paced and seemed unstoppable. By the start of October, the Russians had occupied nearly half of Estonia as well as a third of Latvia and Lithuania. The Baltic Fleet Naval Infantry had also secured significant beachheads within Tallinn, Riga, and Klaipėda. Russian tanks had reached the Lithuanian capital city of Vilnius around this time. NATO resistance was becoming more and more fierce. The destruction of an important river crossing in Latvia by US Special Forces had greatly slowed down the Russian advance towards Riga plus NATO defense of Vilnius was proving more difficult to deal with then anticipated. NATO defenders in Riga and Klaipėda were able to contain the naval infantry beachheads. Despite the setbacks to the south, the Russians had won the Battle of Tallinn on 5 October 2016 and occupied the Estonian capital. Estonia formally surrendered shortly after.

Having fallen behind schedule, the Russians stepped up aerial, artillery, and missile attacks on NATO positions throughout Latvia and Lithuania. Having successfully occupied Estonia, Russian forces were eventually able to open up a second front in Latvia. Despite earlier successes, NATO defenders were rapidly losing ground. Furthermore, Russian marines in Riga were able to break out from their beachhead and advance deeper into the city. With the arrival of the primary ground force, the Battle of Riga had ended on 12 October 2016 with a Russian victory and Latvia surrendered the following day. With Latvia secured, the Russians were able to reinforce the marines fighting in the Battle of Klaipėda, resulting in the fall of the Lithuanian port city as well as the capture of the entire coastline of the country. Within days, the Russians secured nearly all of Lithuania. The Battle of Vilnius was the longest and most deadly battle in the Baltic States with much of the city decimated in the fighting as well as heavy casualties on both sides. The Russians finally won the battle by 20 October 2016 when the Lithuanian government and the surviving NATO forces in the city surrendered.

With the Baltic States now taken, the Russians established the Federation Occupational Authority - Baltic Region to manage Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. After leaving a sizable garrison behind for occupation duty, the majority of the Russian forces in the Baltic States were moved south to join the fighting in Poland.

Eastern Poland Campaign
Heavy fighting took place all along the eastern Polish border between Russian-led CSTO ground forces and the NATO-backed Polish troops. While NATO defenders were able to hold back the enemy advance for several days due to their technological edge, the Russians were eventually able to break through their lines and begin a massive ground push towards Warsaw. After just over one week of war, the Russians had occupied several Polish cities close to the border including Suwałki, Białystok, Biała Podlaska, Chełm, Przemyśl, etc. The capture of the Suwałki Gap effectively closed off the ground route for NATO reinforcement of the Baltic States. As the Russians continued their westward offensive, additional urban battles were being fought in Elbląg, Olsztyn, Łomża, Siedlce, Rzeszów, etc. NATO defenders in those cities were more well dug in and put up more of a fight then they had at the border. Russian-led CSTO advancements had greatly slowed as a result and it remained that way for several weeks.

With the Baltic States occupied by late October, the Russians were able to gradually reinforce the frontlines over the following week. By the start of November, the Russians had managed to break through NATO defenses and drove further into the heart of Poland. Elbląg, Olsztyn, Łomża, Siedlce, Rzeszów, and several other cities were subsequently occupied. The Battles of Ciechanów, Tarnów, and Nowy Sącz began several days later and lasted just over a week before the cities in question were eventually overran. By 17 November 2016, Russian-led CSTO forces had overrun nearly all Polish territory east of the River Vistula.

During the Battle of Gdańsk, Polish-led NATO defenders held an advantage over the Russian Baltic Fleet Naval Infantry in terms of numbers, technology, and home field. Even with additional forces being brought into Gdańsk by ship and the Baltic Sea Fleet shelling NATO defenses in the city, the Russians hardly made much progress. As a result of the ongoing fighting, much of the Polish port city had been devastated with numerous buildings destroyed and tens of thousands driven from their homes. Even though the Russians had successfully taken Elbląg, they were too late to stop NATO from blowing the bridges across the Vistula and subsequently delaying ground forces from backing up the marines fighting in Gdańsk.

Russian tanks in Tbilisi
On 30 September 2016, Russia launched a ground invasion of the former Soviet Republic of Georgia. Russian ground forces attacked through South Ossetia and rapidly advanced toward Tbilisi. Azerbaijan also allowed Russia to move through its territory and even sent some of its own troops to help in fighting the Georgians. Less then a week later, Russian armored units arrived at the Georgian capital city of Tbilisi and fought the remainder of the Georgian military. With Turkey neutral and prohibiting NATO from using its airspace, no help arrived for Georgia. The Battle of Tbilisi was over less then 24 hours with Russian troops in control of the city. Georgian President Giorgi Margvelashvili surrendered shortly after the Fall of Tbilisi. With Georgia taken and Turkey neutral, the Russians could now send additional forces into the Middle East virtually uninterrupted.

Other European Battlefields
While the Baltic States and Poland were Russia's primary military objective, the Russians also continued their invasion of the other Eastern European NATO countries bordering them plus Moldova. The Battle of Chișinău had begun on 30 September 2016 as Russian and Transnistrian forces attacked the Moldovan capital. After one week of war, Moldova surrendered to Russia. Russian forces also advanced roughly 50 kilometers into Hungary, Romania, and Slovakia. The military objective here was primarily to secure Russiau southwestern flank while most resupply and replacements were sent to the Baltic-Polish Front.

Serbian Aggression
Following the outbreak of World War III, the Second Bosnian War quickly expanded with the Republic of Serbia officially joining in the conflict on 30 September 2016 and sending in ground troops to the reinforce the Bosnian Serb faction Republika Srpska and helping them in fighting the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Serbian aircraft also launched numerous air strikes against Bosnian forces and government buildings. The Battle of Sarajevo rapidly worsened and was already seen by many observers to be just as bad as the 1990's. The Russians also offered the Serbs statements of support. By the end of the November, nearly all of Bosnia and Herzegovina was occupied with the exception of Sarajevo which was under siege from Republic of Serbia and Republika Srpska forces. Serbian forces also moved closer to the borders of Montenegro and Kosovo.

On 10 December 2016, Serbian warplanes entered Kosovo airspace and attacked several Kosovo Security Force positions throughout the self-proclaimed country. This was followed up by a Serbian ground assault. In response, all members of the NATO alliance declared war on the Republic of Serbia and Republika Srpska. Macedonia and Montenegro quickly followed suit. The Second Bosnian War merged with World War III at that time. Immediately following the declaration, NATO began launch air strikes and cruise missile against the Republic of Serbia, Republika Srpska, and their military positions in occupied territories. The Russians provided some air support though NATO anti-air batteries and fighter squadrons made this difficult. The Battles of Pristina and Mitrovica began within 48 hours as Serbian forces fought their way into both cities. NATO and the newly reestablished Kosovo Liberation Army fought side-by-side against the Serbian onslaught. Additional NATO troops were flown into Kosovo and neighboring Macedonia in order to reinforce their forces already engaged in combat. Serbia invaded Montenegro around the same time as Kosovo with the goal being to end their historical link to the Adriatic Sea. On 23 December 2016, Serbia invaded Hungary and Romania with their primary objective being to link up with Russian forces on the far side of each country so that relief support could be sent into the Balkans.

Vistula River Battlelines
While the Russians had secured the eastern side of the River Vistula, they were unable to prevent NATO from blowing all of the bridges outside the cities. As a result, the Russian offensive had slowed down greatly. To further complicate matters, NATO REFORGER convoys had also begun arriving along the coasts of Germany and western Poland in early. From there they had spent the next several weeks reinforcing NATO forces along the western side of the River Vistula. Spearheading the reinforcements was the III Corps (United States) which bewildered Russian commanders since they believed that the Americans would've focused on defending their homeland not fighting overseas.

Russian forces begun their attack on Tczew, Toruń, Płock, Warsaw, Tarnobrzeg, and Kraków on 19 November 2016, hoping for a major breakthrough before NATO had moved sufficient forces in for a counterattack. The majority of the Russian offensive was focused on the Polish capital city of Warsaw. Intense urban warfare between Russian and NATO forces quickly became worse then nearly all previous battles in Europe with the exception of Vilnius. Casualties on both sides continued to mount with tens of thousands dead on both sides by the end of November. All the cities along the Vistula also suffered significant damage not only from the ground combat itself but all by air strikes and artillery bombardment. Civilian death toll in each city was each estimated to be in the thousands while tens of thousands more were displaced as their homes were destroyed.

Heavy fighting continued through all of December with Russian forces gradually gaining ground in all of the cities. The Russian offensive was far behind schedule by this point due to NATO determination to hold the Vistula at all costs. The Russians were even forced to redirect combat units originally intended to reinforce Syria to be deployed into eastern Poland instead. The Russians were able to secure around one-half of each of the cities along the Vistula. By this point, the military death toll on both sides were over 50,000 each. The cities in question were hardly recognizable due to the extreme destruction caused by urban warfare as well as air strikes and artillery bombardment. Overall civilian death toll was well over 100,000 by this point and NATO leaders accused the Russians of war crimes. Warsaw suffered the most significant devastation in the fighting.

The only major Russian presence west of the Vistula was the Baltic Sea Naval Infantry foothold in Gdańsk and they only managed to occupy one-third of the city. The remainder of Gdańsk was still held by Polish-led NATO forces. To further complicate matters for the Russians, NATO reinforcements had begun arriving in Gdańsk through December.

South Korean Campaign
On 30 September 2016, South Korean defences along the DMZ had been overran and the North Koreans began their primary ground offensive south towards Seoul. The Eighth United States Army and the I Marine Expeditionary Force were moving as quickly as possible to fortify Seoul as well as staging hit-and-run attacks to delay the KPA advance toward the capital. While these attacks did inflict heavy losses against the enemy, the North Koreans considered their relentless push south without any regard whatsoever about casualties. The Battle of Munsan broke out on 1 October 2016 and lasted several days. The North Koreans were particularly brutal, showing no distinction between military and civilian personnel. Due to the numerical superiority of the KPA, the US/ROK could only delay the enemy advance while helping to evacuate as many civilians as possible. By 5 October, Munsan had been overrun and the North Koreans resumed their push towards Seoul.

The North Koreans had begun to move into the northern suburbs of Seoul by the third week of October. The Battle of Seoul began on 24 October 2016 as the Korean People's Army had begun pouring into the South Korean capital and U.S/ROK forces in the city fought back. By the start of November, much of Seoul had been transformed into a major urban battlefield with a large portion of the city devastated. Just like in Munsan, the North Koreans indiscriminately opened fire on anyone they caw regardless if they were military or civilian. As a result, the Battle of Seoul had quickly become one of the most deadliest battles of the Third World War with tens of thousands dead. ROK President Park Geun-hye officially denounced the KPA as a terrorist fighting force and stated that the Geneva Conventions could no longer apply to them. The Battle of Seoul continued through the remainder of 2016. By the conclusion of the year, the North Koreans had occupied one-quarter of Seoul. Military death toll was 100,000 among US/ROK defenders and 200,000 among the KPA. Infrastructure was virtually non-existent, most of the buildings had been turned to rubble, and the civilian death toll exceeded one-quarter of a million which made the Battle of Seoul the deadliest in the war.

Middle Eastern Conflict
Over the remainder of the year, war had spread throughout much of the Middle East as country after country in the region was being forced to choose a side in the global war. Due to Israeli alignment with the Americans, pro-Russian sentiment was high in Arab countries even among the population of those whose governments choose to side with the United States. From their point of view, the Third World War was just another Arab-Israeli War. Israel was forced to declare martial law in the face of worsening terrorism as well as the threat of Russian invasion. In early November, Iran launched a barrage of conventional ballistic missiles towards Israel. While the US Patriot missile batteries were able to intercept most missiles, several made it through, inflicting severe devastation and a death toll in the thousands. US-Israeli aircraft retaliated by launching proportionate air and cruise missile strikes against Iran. The Syrian Opposition now had the full backing of the United States military and US President Barack Obama made clear that the goal was nothing less then a total regime change in Syria. The Russian naval base as Tartus was bombed by American and Israeli aircraft in December. By the end of the year, the Syrian opposition controlled roughly one-half of Syria.

Battle of the Atlantic
The Russian Northern Fleet, which was already on maneuvers out in the North Atlantic when the war had begun, engaged in a naval and aerial campaign against the Standing NATO Maritime Group 1 (SNMG1). While the Russians had sunk several NATO warships, the United States Atlantic Fleet, British Royal Navy, and the French Navy were able to quickly reinforce the NATO fleet. Due to the technological and numerical advantage of the NATO surface fleet, the Russians were forced to rely primarily on submarine and cyber warfare. Long-range anti-ship cruise missiles were the main weapon of choice which meant that most naval combat was waged as far as several hundred miles between fleets of opposing sides. The primary military goal for the Russians in the Atlantic was to disrupt the REFORGER convoys in order to prevent them from reaching Europe. NATO maritime forces of course made this very difficult. An failed attempt to blockade the North Atlantic resulted in the sinking of several warships including the Russian aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov.

Battle of the Pacific
Naval and aerial combat was fought between the Russian Pacific Fleet and the United States Pacific Fleet throughout much of the war. The first naval battles took place off the Pacific Northwest coast with the Nimitz Carrier Strike Group attacking Russian submarines which were launching cruise missile attacks against US military targets throughout the Pacific Northwest, Alaska, and northern California. While several Russian vessels were sunk, most of them had escaped either out into the North Pacific or into Russian-occupied Puget Sound. Most naval combat was fought with hundreds of miles between opposing fleets with anti-ship cruise missiles being used. The Nimitz-class aircraft carriers also ensured that the Americans had air superiority over much of the Pacific. Ground-based aircraft in the Russian Far East provided cover for Russian warships close to home.

Battle of the Arctic
Most naval combat in the Arctic was fought between American and Russian submarines with both sides sustaining losses.

Battle of the Mediterranean
Standing NATO Maritime Group 2 (SNMG2) and the United States Sixth Fleet launched cruise missile attacks against Russian and Syrian naval forces. The Russian naval base at Tartus was destroyed in a joint US-Israeli attack.

Battle of the Persian Gulf
Iranian ships blockaded the Strait of Hormuz and attacked US naval forces in the Persian Gulf with land-based aircraft. Naval warfare was fought between the United States Fifth Fleet and the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy for several weeks. The Americans ultimately prevailed, breaking the Hormuz Blockade as well as sinking most of Iran's navy. Iran was blockaded throughout the remainder of the war.

Russian offensive bogged down
Russian forces continued their offensive into January 2016 though at a much slower pace as the Army and Air National Guards fought back with increasing efficiency. The Battles of Okanogan, Yakima, Bend, Klamath Falls, Yreka, and Arcata were among the more fierce battles along the North American Front which lasted through the remainder of January and most of February. Ultimately due to the Russians having overextended themselves, the US National Guard was successfully able to defend all contested cities and push back the invaders. After having managed to advance roughly 100-125 miles inland, the Russian offensive throughout the entire North American Front had ground to a halt.

Seattle Insurrection
The insurgency in Seattle had escalated into a full-scale rebellion in January 2017 with many citizens rising up against the Russian occupation and fighting alongside the American Resistance. For a while it appeared that the Russians could lose its hold on Seattle and indeed did pull its forces out of the city. However the successes of the American Resistance proved to be short-lived as the Russians began heavy bombardment of Seattle by aircraft and artillery for several weeks before moving back in to reassert control over the city in early February. By that point, most of the city was destroyed and the civilian death toll was at least 250,000 which made the Seattle Insurrection the second deadliest battle of the war and the deadliest attack in American history. Just a few weeks later, the Russian Prefect was assassinated by a Resistance sniper with the American Resistance declaring that justice for Seattle was served.

American Counterattack
By late February, the American Resistance had recovered from its defeat in Seattle and began a renewed guerrilla campaign against the Russian occupation. On 1 March 2017, the US Army National Guard and the Canadian military launched a full-scale counterattack against Russian forces all along the North American Front. The American Resistance coordinated with this new offensive by attacking resupply lines and targeting key military bases throughout the occupied zone. Within two weeks, half of the occupied Pacific Northwest had been liberated.

On 16 March 2016, the American Resistance made a bold move by launching a full-scale assault on Russian occupational headquarters in Astoria, Oregon. While the Nimitz Carrier Air Wing played a supportive role, the attack on the ground was purely a partisan operation. The Resistance was ultimately able to not only take Russian occupational headquarters and capture several enemy commanders, they were also able to liberate the City of Astoria itself. The American Resistance leaders used Russia's own propaganda television and radio stations as well as the Cascadian Red Ice TV to call upon all Americans and Canadians to take up arms against the invaders.

The Russian occupation quickly unraveled in the face the US-Canadian military blitzkrieg at the frontlines plus a full-scale revolution behind the lines. Angered over Seattle, a number American commanders refused to take prisoners. Driven from the cities, the Russians fled to the coasts in the hope of boarding a submarine. Many were ambushed by the American Resistance and/or US-Canadian aircraft. Several Russian soldiers attempted to fly home via stolen passenger planes though most were shot down. By the Spring of 2017, the US-Canadian military forces and the American Resistance had liberated nearly all American and Canadian territory from Russian occupation.

Russian Forces in North America Surrender
On 24 March 2016, Colonel-General Alexander Zhuravlyov was taken to the USS Nimitz by helicopter where he met with the commanders of the US-Canadian military forces as well as the leaders of the American Resistance. After failing to reach a compromise due to the unwillingness of any of the Allied leaders to accept anything other then unconditional surrender, he agreed to their demands and signed the surrender order which was then conveyed to all surviving Russian soldiers on American and Canadian soil. The Russian Prefect also signed the order to formally dissolve the Federation Occupational Authority - North America. Lana Lokteff however refused to sign the order to dissolve the Cascadian People's Republic. However since the American Resistance effectively overthrew Lokteff through her capture, the Partisan leadership eagerly signed the order for the dissolution of the Cascadian People's Republic with the United States and Canada regaining their respective territories.

Vistula River Stalemate
The Battle of the Vistula continued into January 2017 with the Russians still fighting NATO for control of Tczew, Toruń, Płock, Warsaw, Tarnobrzeg, and Kraków with the primary goal being to secure enough river crossings to be able to resume their push towards the Oder-Neisse line. However NATO was able to hold back the Russian advance. Even with troops and equipment originally bound for the Middle East, the Russians could make no significant breakthroughs. As a result, the Vistula River Battlelines remained locked in a brutal stalemate with Russian and NATO forces engaged in heavy urban warfare in all contested cities. Warsaw especially suffered significant destruction with most buildings turned to rubble, infrastructure completely shot, over a million citizens losing their homes, and the civilian death toll exceeding 100,000. Military death toll in Warsaw exceeded 50,000 on each side. The Battle of Warsaw was already the deadliest battle in Europe and the third deadliest in the entire war behind the Seattle Insurrection and the Battle of Seoul.

On 25 February 2017, NATO forces launched a major counterattack against Russian forces in Gdańsk. First a combined NATO naval task force attacked the Russian Baltic Sea Fleet. The naval battle lasted several hours with both sides suffering losses though the Russians lost more ships then NATO. Eventually the Russians withdrew their Baltic Sea Fleet and cleared the way for the next phase of the operation. The II Marine Expeditionary Force (II MEF) and the 1 Assault Group Royal Marines (1AGRM) launched an amphibious attack against the Russian beachhead. The 1st Panzer Division (Bundeswehr) and the 41st Panzergrenadier Brigade (Bundeswehr) spearheaded the NATO ground assault in coordination with the Marines. The Russian Naval Infantry fought back against the NATO assault for several more weeks, using the urban terrain to try to hold out longer in the hope ground relief can arrive. However it never did since Russia's primary ground forces couldn't breakthrough the Vistula River Battlelines due to NATO bringing more and more reinforcements to the fighting there. Ultimately the Battle of Gdańsk ended with a decisive NATO victory on 22 March 2017 following the surrender of all surviving Russian forces in the city. The Battle of Gdańsk was Russia's first major defeat on the European Front and NATO commanders believed that the tide was turning in their favor. Indeed that did seem to be the case. With Gdańsk no longer contested, NATO was now able to safely bring NATO reinforcements to within close proximity to the Vistula Battlelines by ship. By the conclusion of March, NATO had brought the bulk of its strength to the frontlines and the Russian troops in the contested cities were forced to assume a purely defensive stance.

Tide turns against Serbia
The Serbian forces were only able to advance a few dozen kilometers onto both countries before becoming bogged down by mid-January. Plus the Russians didn't make much progress in Hungary or Romania either since they were focusing their war effort on trying to break through the Vistula River Battlelines. Serbian progress in Kosovo was also slow at best. Due to underestimating NATO resolve to defend Kosovo and committing to attempting to link up with Russia through Hungary and Romania, the Serbians were still fighting NATO and KLA forces for control over Pristina though they were successful in taking Mitrovica. The Serbian forces in Montenegro only managed to advance just over a dozen kilometers before becoming bogged down after a few days. By the conclusion of January, all Republic of Serbia and Republika Srpska had come to a halt on all fronts. Even Sarajevo was still holding out with the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina refusing to surrender. The Balkans remained locked in a stalemate for the remainder of January.

At the beginning of February, NATO air strikes, cruise missile attacks, and artillery bombardment against the Republic of Serbia and Republika Srpska intensified greatly at levels comparable to Operation Allied Force in '99. On 3 February 2017, NATO initiated a full-scale counterattack into Serb-occupied Hungary and Romania. Within days, all territories in both countries were liberated and NATO had begun ground incursions into the Republic of Serbia itself. In Kosovo, NATO and the KLA had driven the Serbians from Pristina by 5 February 2017. The Second Battle of Mitrovica began the following day and lasted just under a week after which point the Serbians lost control over that city as well. By mid-February, the Republic of Serbia had withdrawn to prewar positions outside Kosovo and attempted to establish defensive line. The Serbians had also withdrawn from Montenegro at that time following a NATO-supported Montenegrin counterattack. On 19 February 2017, NATO forces in Croatia invaded Republika Srpska as well as Serb occupied Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Battle of Banja Luka started the following day and lasted through the remainder of the month. By 28 February 2017, NATO had occupied nearly all of western Republika Srpska and liberated most of Bosnia and Herzegovina as well. Sarajevo was no longer under siege and NATO was reinforcing the Bosnian government forces there. The Bosnian Serb capital city of Banja Luka was now under siege and NATO forces had already managed to occupy one-third of the city by the end of the month.

The Battles of Sarajevo and Banja Luka continued into March with both sides fighting intense house-to-house fighting. By the second week of March, NATO forces also liberated the remainder of Bosnia and Herzegovina outside of Sarajevo and also occupied nearly all of eastern Republika Srpska. Civil unrest in Serbia greatly increased throughout the country. It was especially bad in the Serbian capital of Belgrade where people were holding demonstrations calling for an end to the war as well as the resignation of the Serbian President Vojislav Šešelj who now accused of being another Slobodan Milošević. US President Ted Cruz announced that both Vojislav Šešelj and his Serbian Radical Party had to go if there was to be peace in the Balkans. By 15 March 2017 the rioting had escalated into full-blown revolution. Unwilling to fire on their own people, the Serbian military turned against President Šešelj and launched a successful coup d'état against his government. Tomislav Nikolić of the Serbian Progressive Party was released from prison and returned to the presidency while his cell was given to now ex-President Vojislav Šešelj. President Nikolić ordered an immediate withdrawal of all troops back to Serbian soil and negotiated an armistice with NATO. With their primary benefactor gone, Republika Srpska surrendered by 17 March 2017. The Second Bosnian War was now over and the Balkan Front of World War III closed.

Liberation of eastern Poland
On 1 April 2017, NATO forces spearheaded by the United States Army Europe (USAREUR) and the III Corps had begun a counterattack against Russian forces in Tczew, Toruń, Płock, Warsaw, Tarnobrzeg, and Kraków. Urban warfare intensified greatly as the Russians attempted to hold back the NATO onslaught. However with NATO now having both numerical and technological superiority on the frontlines, the Russian positions were eventually overrun in nearly all cities along the Vistula within one week. The Battle of Warsaw lasted longer due to the largest concentration of Russian forces being in the Polish capital. NATO established a defensive perimeter around Warsaw to prevent further reinforcements and resupply for the Russian garrison still in the capital battling US and Polish forces. Though cut off from all ground support, the Russians held out for another two weeks as they waged an urban defensive campaign using structures, alleyways, and rubble to provide cover. As NATO forces fought the Russians building-to-build and room-to-room, both sides sustained increasing losses. While the M1A2 Abrams main battle tanks were formidable, they required heavy infantry support when operating in an urban environment. A US Army Ranger squad had to move rapidly through enemy lines to rescue the crew of a Blackhawk helicopter that was taken down by an RPG. After many long days and nights of continuous urban warfare and little to no rest, US-led NATO troops were finally able to liberate Russian-occupied Warsaw after eliminate the final pockets of resistance. The Battle of Warsaw was finally over on 21 April 2017 after five weeks of brutal urban warfare. The Polish capital was severely devastated from the fighting with many buildings and historical structures destroyed. Civilian death toll was 150,000 while military death toll was 75,000 for NATO and 250,000 for Russia, making the Battle of Warsaw the second deadliest battle of the war exceeded only by the Battle of Seoul. The Seattle Insurrection remained the second deadliest for non-combatants.

Even while the Battle of Warsaw was still being fought, NATO forces had already begun the process of liberating eastern Poland. The Second Battles of Elbląg, Olsztyn, Łomża, Siedlce, and Rzeszów had begun around mid-April. Most of the battles were over after a few days while the others lasted just over a week. The urban fighting in those cities were intense though not at the scale of Warsaw. By the time all five cities had been liberated, the Battle of Warsaw was won and US-led reinforcements were moving up rapidly to the frontlines. The Second Battles of Suwałki, Białystok, Biała Podlaska, Chełm, and Przemyśl during the final week of April. Though the Russians were better prepared then the earlier urban battles of eastern Poland, the United States Army Europe (USAREUR) and the III Corps had taken the lead in the NATO offensive. After several additional days of heavy fighting, NATO was eventually able to liberate all remaining Russian-occupied Polish cities. By 30 April 2017, all remaining Russian forces in Poland retreated back into across the border into the occupied Baltic States and the All Russian Federation. The Russian were also driven out of Slovakia, Hungary, and Romania. By this point, the Baltic States were the only remaining NATO countries still under Russian occupation.

Tide turns in South Korea
The Battle of Seoul continued into 2017 with the Korean People's Army still holding a sizable portion of the city. The KPA forces while being numerically superior were effectively becoming bogged down as the technological superiority of the US-ROK offset their numbers. Unable to advance further, the North Koreans attempted to besiege the city by moving on Incheon to the west and through Gyeonggi Province to the east. While the North Koreans made some progress, they were ultimately unable to take Incheon nor secure enough of Gyeonggi Province to effectively surround Seoul. Furthermore the Americans, South Koreans, Japanese, and other Allied air forces had achieved air superiority and were continuously attacking KPA forces along the frontlines as well as throughout occupied South Korea. As the KPA was beginning to lose ground in Seoul, North Korean dictator Kim Jong-un was becoming increasingly desperate and ordered all surviving artillery and missile batteries to commence full-scale bombardment of Seoul. Heavy damage was inflicted on Seoul with the death toll rabidly increasing. Despite the intense bombardment, the US-ROK combined forces had pushed the North Koreans from Seoul and Incheon by the end of January. Furthermore Allied air forces had taken out most remaining KPA artillery and missile batteries. Still by that point, Seoul was nearly destroyed and the civilian death toll was at least one-half of a million. Military death toll was also very high with Allied casualties at one-quarter of a million and KPA death toll exceeding one million. As such, the Battle of Seoul was undeniably the worst battle of the Third World War.

As the war continued into February, the US-ROK combined forces were now on the offensive and rapidly pushing north with the North Koreans now in full retreat. Munsan was liberated by mid-February following a brief but intense battle. By the last week of February, all of South Korea had been liberated and air attacks were being carried out north of the 38th Parallel. On 10 March 2017, the I Marine Expeditionary Force (I MEF), the III Marine Expeditionary Force (III MEF), and the Republic of Korea Marine Corps (ROKMC) launched a massive amphibious assault on the Kaesong Industrial Region. Simultaneously, the Eighth United States Army and the Republic of Korea Army coordinated with a ground push through the DMZ into Kaesong from the south. Faced with a full-scale invasion, Kim Jung-un decided to utilize North Korea's nuclear arsenal and ordered attacks against the invasion forces in Kaesong as well as targets in South Korea, Japan, Guam, and Hawaii. However before the order could be carried out, Kim Jong-un was overthrown in a coup d'état sponsored by the People's Republic of China which prevented the nuclear launches at the last moment. The following day, hundreds of thousands of troops of the newly re-established Chinese People's Volunteer Army (PVA) invaded North Korea and rapidly advanced throughout the country with minimal opposition. Ri Yong-Gil, the new North Korean leader, ordered the immediate cessation of hostilities and to not interfere with Chinese forces operating within the country. All Russian military were given 72 hours to leave the country. On 15 March 2017, new armistice was negotiated between North and South Korea with Kaesong Industrial Region being ceded to the Republic of Korea. The Democratic People's Republic of Korea had effectively become a Chinese protectorate in all but name.

Israeli Invasion of Lebanon
On 12 February 2017, Israel launched a full-scale invasion of Lebanon with the United States providing air and naval support for the Israelis. The Lebanese Armed Forces fought back though ultimately proved ineffective as the Israeli ground forces eventually punched through their lines and advanced north towards Beirut. With Syria busy fighting the Opposition and Iran fending off air attacks on its homeland, Lebanon received little to no help. The Israelis systemically hunted down and destroyed multiple camps used by Hezbollah and the Palestinians. By the beginning of March, the Israelis had overrun southern Lebanon and heavy fighting was taking place in Beirut. The Battle of Beirut continued through much of March. One week later, the Beirut was under siege and the Israeli invasion forces continued their push to occupy the northern half of the country while still fighting with the Lebanese military for control of the Lebanese capital. By 27 March 2017, Israel had overrun nearly all of Lebanon outside of Beirut and two-thirds of that city was in Israeli hands. On 30 March 2017, the fighting ended with Lebanon surrendering unconditionally to Israel. The country was subsequently occupied by Israel.

Operation Syrian Freedom
Fighting in Syria continued into 2017 with US-backed Opposition forces gaining more ground. The Syrian government forces were now practically on their own due to the Iranians busy defending its own territory from US and Israeli air strikes while the Russians had shifted nearly their entire focus to the war in Europe including rerouting reinforcements meant for Syria to Poland instead. After months of naval warfare with NATO Maritime Group 2 (SNMG2) and the United States Sixth Fleet battling the Syrian and Russian navies in the Mediterranean, the American had finally cleared the Syrian coast. US air strikes and cruise missile attacks were carried out against Syrian government forces throughout the country which greatly helped the Syrian Opposition greatly. By the start of March, the Syrian government only held one-quarter of the country while the Opposition held the rest. The fighting entered a new stage on 7 March 2017 when a US Marine expeditionary unit attached to the United States Sixth Fleet launched a successful amphibious assault on Tartus. US Army Rangers also attacked the Russian-operated Khmeimim Air Base. Within 24 hours, the Russian naval facility at Tartus and the Khmeimim Air Base were in American hands. Within an additional 48 hours, Tartus itself was occupied by US military forces. Additional US ground forces arrived in the city over the following weeks. By the end of March, the Syrian Opposition controlled nearly the entire country while the government of President Bashar al-Assad's only held Damascus. And even in the Syrian capital, the popularity of the opposition was higher then ever. Fearing that all-Assad might resort to further use of his chemical weapons arsenal in the face of certain defeat and unwilling to take a chance that they might've been destroyed already due to precision bombings since the start of the war, the Delta Force and the British SAS were dropped into Syria for a nighttime raid on the Syrian leader's presidential palace. Bashar al-Assad and his top military leaders were targeted in the raid. The Syrian leader was captured alive and extracted from Damascus. A number of al-Assad's guards were killed in the attack. His top commanders were assassinated either by shooting them or calling in a precision air strike or two when deemed to hazardous to approach directly. The following morning, the Syrian Opposition seized control over Damascus and declared total victory. The new Syrian interim government ordered the detention of all Russian and Iranian military personnel in Syria and agreed to turn them over to the United States as prisoners of war. They also requested the return of al-Assad so that he might stand trial for his crimes against his own people.

Blockade of Iran and Houthi insurgency
Having lost its navy, the Islamic Republic of Iran was under a total naval blockade from the United States Fifth Fleet. US and Israeli air strikes were carried out against Iran almost everyday since its scud missile assault against Israel as well as US military installations throughout the Middle East. Much of the Iranian Air Force was destroyed and Iran's anti-aircraft capabilities were being systemically targeted in order to enforce a no-fly zone over the entire country. The government in Tehran was becoming increasingly unpopular as the citizenry accused them of bringing the wrath of the American-Zionist alliance down on them.

With Iran effectively contained within its own borders, the Houthi rebels in Yemen had been cut off from direct support from their primary benefactor. Furthermore the United States and Saudi Arabia had begun to step up support for the Yemeni government with the former providing air and naval support while the latter sent in ground forces to fight the Houthi rebels. By the end of March 2017, the Houthi insurgency had all but been crushed and the Yemeni government remained in power.