1402 Treaty of Baghdad (XI: Serica & Romanum)

The 1402 Treaty of Baghdad between the Allies and the Song Dynasty of Serica was concluded in the autumn of 1402 as a result of the First Silk War. It was translated into Latin, Greek, Chinese, and Arabic; although only the Latin version have been found. Envoy and general Jiao Yu represented the Sericans, the consul Quintus Faenius Ignatius and Emperor Manuel II represented the Romans, Abbasid caliph Al-Mutawakkil I represented the Arabs, and Vasily I of Moscow represented the Russians. It is regarded as the world's first international treaty and the first on the laws of war.

Background
The First Silk War was started when tensions between the Roman Empire and the Serican Empire erupted, fueled by border disputes. The Roman government had longed to stop the import of Serican silk, for it took tons of gold from the Roman treasury. The Islamic Abbasid Caliphate and the Grand Duchy of Moscow soon allied themselves with the Roman and defeated the Sericans in 1402.

Terms of the treaty regarding the First Silk War

 * All surviving prisoners of war were to be exchanged.
 * Sericans were to withdraw out of Central Asia, western Siberia, and the Middle East.
 * The Serican Empire was to pay tributes to the Roman Empire, the Islamic Abbasid Caliphate, and the Grand Duchy of Moscow annually for a span of 20 years.
 * All the main towns and forts of the Silk Road west of the Serican province of Xinjiang were to given to the Roman Empire.
 * Serican silk was not to be sold on Roman soil to any Roman citizen.
 * A cannon and some gunpowder was to be given to each of the Allied nations.
 * Serica must pay compensation to the Roman Catholic Church for the murder of several Christian priests and missionaries.

Terms regarding the laws of war
The first laws of war were largely based on Islamic, Confucian, and Christian vaules. The four nations eventually agreed that:
 * Prisoners of war should not be executed, and must be fed, well-clothed, and have dwellings as good as their captor's.
 * Innocent civilians should not be killed or harmed physically and soldiers shall not rob the tombs of kings and nobles, or loot the houses of living civilians.