User:Scrawland Scribblescratch/sandbox/A World of Difference

States and Territories
Potential states Free states vs slave states in 1861
 * Hudson (Upstate New York)
 * Westmoreland (northern Pennsylvania)

Foreign areas proposed for annexation and/or statehood
 * 1) Pennsylvania
 * 2) New Jersey
 * 3) Connecticut
 * 4) Massachusetts
 * 5) New Hampshire
 * 6) New York
 * 7) Rhode Island
 * 8) New Scotland
 * 9) Vermont
 * 10) Erie
 * 11) Washington
 * 12) Indiana
 * 13) Illinois
 * 14) Michigan
 * 15) Ontario
 * 16) Canada
 * 17) Huron
 * 18) Kahokia
 * 19) Meskousing
 * 20) California
 * 21) Menisota
 * 22) Oregon
 * 23) Colorado
 * 1) Delaware
 * 2) Sophiland
 * 3) Arcadia
 * 4) New Richmond
 * 5) New Kent
 * 6) Westsylvania
 * 7) Franklin
 * 8) Ohio
 * 9) Tennessee
 * 10) West Florida
 * 11) Louisiana
 * 12) Mississippi
 * 13) Missouri
 * 14) Arkansaw
 * 15) East Florida
 * 16) Texas
 * 17) Jefferson
 * 18) Kansas
 * 19) Rio Grande
 * United Provinces of Central America

History
America's colonial history was only slightly different in this TL. Some colonies developed different names. New Scotland was a much more thorough colonization of the far northeast by Scotland in this TL as Scotland continued to be an independent nation. Nova Scotia was backed by Scotland's ally, France. The English eventually conquered Nova Scotia and began referring to it as New Scotland. New Scotland became one of the original 13 colonies to rebel against England. America expanded its territory through the Lousiana Purchase; the Canadian War, which was when America became involved in the Upper and Lower Canada Rebellions; the Mexican-American War, where America took more territory than in OTL, primarily due to southern states being concerned about the lack of new slave states to balance the new Canadian states; the Spanish-American War; and the three Great Wars. America also annexed Panama under Theodore Roosevelt and annexed Alaska during the chaos of the Russian Civil War. This created tension between the United States and the newly formed Eurasian Federation. This tension evolved into the Cold War, which started out as a potential four-way conflict between the four great powers: the United States, Eurasia, France, and Japan. However, France's power was curbed by its civil war and Japan quickly associated itself with the American bloc to protect itself from Eurasia. American interests are represented by the Trans Atlantic Treaty Organization, the All-American Alliance, and the Pacific Cooperation Council. The American bloc is closely allied with the Asian Mutual Defense Organization. America has a permanent seat on the Security Council of the UN-equivalent.

Elections
1908

Roosevelt/Hughes, Bryan/Kern

In 1908, Theodore Roosevelt decided to seek a third term (a second full term) due to the outbreak of World War #. Roosevelt won a landslide victory over William Jennings Bryan. The election was largely about the war and other issues were neglected. Roosevelt's pro-war position and immense personal popularity secured the election for him early in the race.

1912

Hughes/Borah, Wilson/Marshall

Roosevelt declined to run for a fourth term, believing that the war would be ending soon, and instead encouraged everyone to support his Vice President, Charles Hughes. Hughes had been selected as Vice President in 1908 specifically with the intention of pushing his presidency in 1912. Roosevelt campaigned extensively for Hughes and Hughes ultimately won over Woodrow Wilson.

1916

Cox/Davis, Hughes/Borah

Although Hughes had been successful early in his term, his post-war presidency quickly became unpopular. This became apparent when the Democrats took the Senate in 1914. Hughes failed to push the Roosevelt legacy and he was defeated by James Cox in the election.

1920

LaFollette/Johnson, Cox/Davis, Harding/Allen

After the unsuccessful Hughes presidency and the decline of the Republican Party, Theodore Roosevelt decided to run for a fourth term as president in 1920. In 1917, he spoke with the Republican leadership, but they did not want to support him. Roosevelt left the Republicans with his supporters and formed the Progressive Party. The Progressives won many seats in the 1918 midterms and opened the way for a Roosevelt candidacy in 1920. However, Roosevelt died in 1919. Robert LaFollette picked up the torch and secured the Progressive nomination. LaFollette blamed the economic crisis on Cox and continuously banked on his connection with Roosevelt. He also attacked the Republican base for supporting Hughes in 1916. LaFollette and his vice presidential nominee, Hiram Johnson, campaigned extensively in the west and midwest and won these states. This marked the beginning of a new era in American politics, with the Progressives at the head of it.

1924

LaFollette/Johnson, Coolidge/Dawes, Underwood/McAdoo

The ever rising Progressive wave carried LaFollette and Johnson to victory in 1924, winning the Progressives a second term in the White House. Meanwhile, the Republicans continued to decline. LaFollette died in 1925 and was succeeded by Johnson.

1928

Smith/Reed, Johnson/Wheeler, Lowden/Hoover

President Johnson was over confident in the power of the Progressive wave and conducted a lackluster campaign. Meanwhile, the Democrats selected Al Smith and James Reed, who chipped away at the Progressive base by disassociating themselves with prior Democrats and promoting their own liberal image. Smith and Reed narrowly won the election, beginning the longest period of control any party ever had over the presidency.

1932

Smith/Reed, Wheeler/Wallace, Blaine/Curtis

The weakening of the Progressives in 1924 and the rising popularity of Smith and Reed won the Democratic candidates a second term. Meanwhile, the Republicans attempted to take back many of their constituents from the Progressives. The division between the Progressives and Republicans allowed the Democrats to seize many states that traditionally went to their opposition.

1936

Roosevelt/Garner, Landon/Knox, Borah/Long

In 1936, Vice President Reed was seen as an obvious choice to succeed Smith. However, early blunders in the Reed campaign as well as fierce attacks from New York Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt turned the tide in favor of Roosevelt. Roosevelt portrayed himself as being more prepared to deal with the war due to his experience as Assistant Secretary of the Navy. The race remained narrow until the convention, where President Smith endorsed Roosevelt. Roosevelt went on to campaign primarily against the Progressives instead of the Republicans by calling on his relation to Theodore Roosevelt. Smith and Reed both came out in support of Roosevelt, and he won the election in November.

1940

Roosevelt/Barkley, Taft/McNary

Roosevelt based his re-election campaign on the ongoing war. His only opposition from within the party was Vice President John N. Garner, who he had frequent disputes with. Roosevelt secured the Democratic nomination and chose Alben W. Barkley as his running mate. The Progressives and Republicans launched a joint ticket, but Roosevelt still won.

1944

Marshall/Truman, Willkie/Bricker, Dewey/Stassen

Continued successes in the war increased popularity of the Democratic Party. Roosevelt declined to seek a third term, citing ill health, leaving the Democratic nomination open. The race eventually narrowed down to Vice President Barkley, General George C. Marshall, and Senator Harry S Truman. Marshall portrayed himself as a key figure in the war effort (which was true) and promised continued American victory in the war. Barkley eventually conceded the race to Marshall, who then took his party's nomination. The Progressives began to fade into obscurity in this election as the Republicans beat them both in the popular vote and by number of states.

1948

Marshall/Truman, Vandenberg/Baldwin, Dewey/Warren

As the war came to a close, Marshall promised a swift resolution. The war in Europe ended during the campaign, allowing the President to bolster his image and strengthen his claims of imminent victory in Asia and the Pacific. Frequent news of victories in the last stages of the war won Marshall the election.

1952

Warren/Lodge, Truman/Kefauver, MacArthur/Dirksen

Marshall's successful post-war presidency led many to believe that he would seek a third term. However, he refused to do so, once more widening the Democratic field. This also opened the potential of a Republican or Progressive victory. The Democrats settled on Vice president Harry S Truman. The Progressives selected California governor Earl Warren. Warren promised a return to peacetime practices and proclaimed his intention to restore balance abroad. He also criticized the Marshall administration for continued occupation of Mexiquean territories. He promised to either grant Mexique statehood or independence. The occupation of Mexique was among the few unpopular policies of the Marshall administration, and Warren's constant attacks on it contributed to his victory. Warren managed to bring the Progressives back to the national stage and defeated both Democrats and Republicans.

1956

Warren/Lodge, Stevenson/Harriman, Bush/Romney

Warren had indeed brought peace back to America and presented the image of a safe and prosperous nation under his leadership. The new threat of a rising Russia and Japan prompted Warren to respond with promises of strong retaliation. Democratic candidate Stevenson failed to present the same strong stance against the rise of these foreign powers and lost the election to Dewey.

1960

Kennedy/Johnson, Romney/Miller, Lodge/Lloyd

Many viewed the 1960 election as an easy win for Vice President Warren. However, a recession in 1957-58 hurt his chances. Meanwhile, the Democrats chose the young John F. Kennedy, who had the support of Catholic voters a strong base in big cities. He also relied on his running mate, Senator Leonard B. Johnson of Texas to deliver the south. In the end, it was a close election, but Kennedy ultimately won. Lodge's unpopularity led to a crushing defeat for the Progressives, restoring the Republicans as the second major part for another 20 years.

1964

Kennedy/Johnson, Goldwater/Judd, Diefenbaker/Byrnes

Kennedy's progress with the Russians and bold promises with regards to the Space Race only served to heighten his immense popularity. However, his disagreements with Vice President Johnson caused friction inside the party. Kennedy wanted Terry Sanford as his running mate, but the party leadership insisted the Johnson stayed on the ticket. Kennedy and Johnson rarely campaigned with each other, leading to many predictions that the Republicans would win. Also, Kennedy's pro-civil rights stance was viewed as negatively affecting his chances, but the Republican response of nominating hardliner Barry Goldwater alienated large parts of the Republican base, driving them into the arms of the returning Progressives. This split in the Republican Party allowed Kennedy a second term in office.

1968

Rockefeller/Agnew, Johnson/Humphrey, McCarthy/Harris Many expected President Kennedy to run for and win a third term in office. However, the outbreak of the Third Pacific War shifted public opinion. Another reason for Kennedy not to run again was his health. Instead, he encouraged Vice President Johnson to seek the nomination, despite their differences. Kennedy believed that Johnson could be trusted to continue his policies with regards to civil rights, the Pacific, and the Cold War. With Kennedy's support, Johnson won the nomination and selected Hubert H. Humphrey as his running mate. However, the war continued to affect the Democrats. The people turned their attention to New York Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller, who promised a swift and decisive end to the war and a stronger stance in the Cold War. Johnson and Humphrey lost the election to Rockefeller. Johnson went on to die later in 1969.

1972

Trudeau/Eagleton, Rockefeller/Agnew, McGovern/Muskie

Rockefeller had promised to end the Pacific War, but under his administration, the war had only expanded, and with it, American involvement increased. More and more American soldiers entered what was perceived to be a lost cause by the people. The Democrats knew they had a chance to win with the right candidate. The early favorite was Senator Robert F. Kennedy, brother of the former president. However, Kennedy's assassination during the primaries turned the Democrats towards Senator Pierre Trudeau of Quebec. Trudeau selected Thomas Eagleton as his running mate and a ran a campaign based on decreased involvement in the Pacific, bringing Americans back home, and continuing President Kennedy's policies with regards to the Space Race. This was especially important to the people as Japan, France, and Russia were thought to be passing America in space. Trudeau won a narrow victory over Rockefeller, but his running mate Eagleton was dropped from the ticket during the process of the election. Trudeau waited until he was in office to select the Vice President. His controversial choice was civil rights leader and African-American Senator Stanley W. King. This garnered both extreme criticism and widespread support. Former president Kennedy publicly supported King for Vice President, as well as many other key Democratic leaders. King was confirmed as Vice President.

1976

Rockefeller/Norris, Trudeau/King, Jackson/Church

Vice President King, despite his confirmation by the Senate, had not been elected by the people. Many Democrats urged Trudeau to select a different running mate, but he remained adamant on running with King. The Republicans seized the opportunity by nominating former President Rockefeller again. Rockefeller pointed out that Trudeau had failed to deliver on his promises about the Pacific War. However, Rockefeller's campaign primarily depended on taking away Democratic voters who did not want to support King. Rockefeller won by a large margin.

1980

Ferraro/Mondale, Bentsen/Biden, Dole/Connally

The aftermath of Rockefeller's resignation and Norris' impeachment left the Republican Party shattered. Speaker of the House Gerald Ford had become the Acting President, but refused to be acknowledged as an actual president and announced that he would not run for president. Ford ran for his seat in the House, which he was re-elected to, and ended up asssuming the position of House Minority Leader. Meanwhile, the Republicans were unable to find anyone bold enough to run for president. The party leadership eventually pressured Bob Dole of Kansas into accepting the nomination. Dole asked John Connally of Texas to be his running, and he reluctantly accepted. Meanwhile, the Progressives were certain this would be the year that they made a comeback and nominated Senator Lloyd Bentsen of Texas. The Democrats selected Representative Geraldine Ferraro, becoming the first woman to be nominated for president by one of the major parties. Ferraro picked Walter F. Mondale as her running mate. Before the election, many predicted that Bentsen would win, due to the Republican Party's loss of any popularity and Ferraro being a woman. Bentsen did come close, but Ferraro ultimately won, becoming the first female president. Dole did not win any states, the worst results for any nominee from a major party ever.

1984

Brown/Hart, Ferraro/Mondale

Ferraro proved to be a popular president. However, issues began to arise in the year before the election. A hostage crisis in ??? and the ??? War broke out. Also, the Democrats were split on what direction to take with the vanishing of the Republicans. Meanwhile, many noted Democrats were revealed to have been involved in the Rockefeller scandal. The Progressives took control of the Senate in 1982, a major shock to the Democratic leadership. By 1984, Jerry Brown had been noted as a popular choice for the Progressive nomination. His major opposition was Gary Hart of Nevada. At the Progressive Convention, Brown won by convincing Hart to drop out and be his running mate. Brown and Hart ran a fierce campaign in the west and the Mexiquean south and took advantage of the breaking of the Solid South. Without Republicans, states that were typical seen as red would probably sway to the Democrats, as they were not as left as the Progressives. The Progressives won a narrow victory in the election and also became the majority party in the House, establishing the Second Progressive Era.

1988

Brown/Hart, Kennedy/Clinton

The Progressive Revolution, as it came to be known, was in full swing. The Progressives began dragging the country's average political stance to the left with strong policies with regards to the environment and gay rights. American conservatives were left leaderless and unrepresented, resulting in many minor candidates. Many conservatives rallied to the Democrats, hoping to stop the Progressives by siding with the only other large party. However, the Democratic race was led by a fairly liberal man himself, Ted Kennedy. Kennedy was an early favorite and went on to secure the nomination. He balanced the ticket by selecting southern and more right Bill Clinton, Governor of Arkansas, as his running mate. Kennedy was joined on the campaign trail by his brother, former President Kennedy. Despite a close race, Brown won, cementing the status of the Progressive Party as the dominant party of the nation.

1992

Jackson/Gore, Dukakis/Hollings, Harkin/Haig

The Progressives remained in power. Brown initially supported Vice President Hart for the Progressive nomination, but rumors of Hart having an affair surfaced and severely handicapped his campaign. Hart struggled to fight against the ever more popular Jesse Jackson. Jackson defeated Hart in most of the primaries and had easily secured the nomination by the time of the convention. Jackson selected a southerner, Senator Al Gore of Tenesi, as his running mate. Jackson became the first black man to be nominated for president by one of the major parties. The Democrats nominated Michael Dukakis of Massachusetts and Senator Ernest Hollings of South Carolina. The Republicans finally returned to the field, nominating Tom Harkin and Alexander Haig. The 1992 election also saw the emergence of the new Whig Party, which put forth Ross Perot with James Stockdale. Jesse Jackson won and became the first black president.

1996

Jackson/Gore, Cuomo/Powell, Quayle/Kemp

Jackson and Gore ran for a second term in office. The Democrats nominated Joseph Cuomo with Colin Powell. This marked the first time black men were on the ticket two of the three major parties. The Republicans nominated Dan Quayle and Jack Kemp. Ross Perot ran on the Whig ticket again, this time with Pat Choate. Jackson easily won his second term. However, the Democrats took control of the House in this election. An emerging figure was young Francis J. Underwood, a Carolina Congressman who became the House Majority Leader after this election.

2000

Underwood/Darnell, Gore/Lieberman, Cheney/Hatch

The Progressives nominated Vice President Gore, as expected. Gore was expected to easily win the election in November. Meanwhile, the Democrats nominated House Majority Leader Frank Underwood. Underwood put a fresh face on the party and had established himself in the four years since the last election. As a southerner, Underwood was sure to win in the south, and he did, reuniting the Solid South for the first time in a generation, with the exception of Gore's native Tenesi. Underwood picked Malcolm Darnell of Cascadia as his running mate. Cascadia had a history of being Progressive since the days of President LaFollette. At the time of his election, Darnell was the first Democratic Senator from Cascadia in 32 years. The Republicans nominated Dick Cheney and Orrin Hatch. Underwood won over Gore in one of the greatest upsets in history. At 41, Underwood became the youngest man ever elected to the presidency.

2004

Underwood/Darnell, Kucinich/Nader, McCain/Harper

Underwood and Darnell easily secured the Democratic nomination for a second term. The Progressives nominated Senator Dennis Kucinich, while the Republicans attempted to win over votes in both north and south by choosing war hero Senator John McCain and Congressman Stephen Harper. Underwood defeated his opponents with large margins and won every state in the south, continuing the repeat successes of the Democrats in the south. The Democrats also took control of the Senate, now having control over both houses of Congress.

2008

Darnell/Cuomo, Kerry/Obama, Romney/Giuliani

Vice President Darnell won the Democratic nomination. He selected Anthony Cuomo of New York, son of 1996 Democratic nominee Joseph Cuomo, as his running mate. The Progressives nominated Senators John Kerry and Barry Obama. The Republicans had another poor year with Will Romney and Rudolph Giuliani. Darnell won the election.

2012

Darnell/Cuomo, Price/Pawlenty, King/Leibowitz

Darnell and Cuomo ran for a second term in office. The Progressives nominated Michael King and Jon Leibowitz. The Republicans, in response to the Democrats move more toward the right, moved even farther right in an attempt to take back the conservative south. This conservative revolution had swept the south in 2010, breaking the Democratic hold over the region by taking the most conservative states, such as Georgia, Mississippi, Arkansaw, and Louisiana. At the head of this neoconservative movement was Ronald Price. Price came forth with belligerent far right stances, constantly spewing racist statements. This attracted many new voters in the south to come forth and rejoin the Republicans. Price unexpectedly became the Republican nominee. In the election, he became the first Republican since Rockefeller to beat the Progressives.

First POD: 15th century England
In 1398, Richard II died. The cause of his death remains uncertain, although most suspect foul play, most likely committed by the king's uncle, John of Gaunt. John moved quickly to take the throne for himself, ascending as John II and bypassing the heir presumptive, Edmund Mortimer. Edmund and his brother Roger were kept at Windsor Castle. Upon John's death in 1405, Owain Glyndwr, the Percys, and Edmund's uncle Edmund arranged to abduct the younger Edmund and his brother from Windsor. Near Cheltenham, the boys were almost caught, but Edmund managed to escape. Nothing is heard of Roger after this point. It can only be assumed that he died. Regardless, Edmund successfully reached Wales where he was declared rightful king of England as the heir of Richard II. Edmund agreed to recognize Owain Glyndwr as the independent Prince of Wales. Edmund's cousin, Edward, the Duke of York, declared his support for Edmund. Edmund and his various allies moved south toward London, winning multiple victories against the opposition. Henry IV fled south and was followed by Edmund. The two armies had a battle at Southampton in 1411, which was a victory for the Mortimer faction. However, Edmund died there. Henry fled to France where he was briefly hosted by Charles VI. The Treaty of Troyes was surrounded for Charles VI, making Henry IV and his heirs the heirs to France, disinheriting the son of the king, Dauphin Charles. In England, Richard, Duke of York, brother of Edward, Duke of York, assumed the throne as Richard III. Richard waited until Charles VI died to invade France, declaring his support for Charles VII. Charles agreed to concede Normandy to England in exchange for their support. Richard III died at Agincourt and was succeeded by his son as Richard IV. The alliance between Richard and Charles succeeded and Henry was defeated. He left behind only an infant son, Henry, who was taken back to England by the new king Richard.

Napoleonic Wars
Spain switches to the Coalition side, so Napoleon invades Spain. After taking briefly occupying Madrid, he allows the Bourbons to return but takes Aragon. Spain returned to the French side in later wars. Napoleon never invaded Russia, with Russia instead becoming his greatest ally. The last war was eventually ended with the Treaty of Paris, which firmly established Napoleon as the leader of Europe.

Portuguese intervention
Napoleon intervened in the Portuguese war between Miguel of Portugal and Maria on Maria's side.

World War I
World War I took place in the early 20th century from 1906 to 1912. France and Russia formed the Grand Alliance after the Napoleonic Wars and were later joined by Austria. England and Prussia maintained their historical alliance from that same period. A natural ally for England and Prussia was the Ottoman Empire, as the Ottomans were opposed to both the Austrians and Russians. These tensions became war when Prussia invaded the French-controlled Confederation of the Rhine. France, Austria, and Russia all declared war on Prussia, resulting in Britain declaring war on all three and the Ottoman Empire nominally declaring war on Austria and Russia. France and the Ottoman Empire engaged in war later when Italy invaded Ottoman Libya. America later join the war by invading what remained of British North America (now called Borealia) with the help of Russia by way of Alaska.
 * America and Russia divided Borealia
 * Independent Kingdom of Greece formed with OTL George I as king
 * Persia established as puppet state of France and Russia
 * Central India united under France
 * France takes over English South Africa
 * France directly annexes the Confederation of the Rhine
 * Russia establishes the Tsardom of Romania from territory taken from the Ottomans
 * Austria expands further into the Balkans
 * Spain loses Cuba and other Caribbean territories to America and the Philippines to Japan
 * England loses the Sandwich Islands to Russia
 * Mexico cedes territory along the Rio Grande to America
 * An independent Egypt under French influence is established
 * Kingdom of Serbia established

World War II
World War II, alternatively the Second World War, was in many ways a continuation of the first. In Prussia, King Frederick III, who never wanted the first war to begin with, attempted to foster better relations with his neighbors France and Russia. This estranged him from his English wife. Frederick's efforts were in vain after he died and was succeeded by his militaristic son Wilhelm. Wilhelm went against his father's wishes and instead tried to become closer with Austria. This had the effect of drawing Austria away from the Franco-Russian alliance. However, this was a sure way to guarantee war, which angered Wilhelm's mother even more. Wilhelm's assassination by Polish nationalists in 1908 was the trigger for the war. Although the new King Wilhelm III had been against his father's aggressive foreign policy, the English and Austrian delegations in Berlin both strongly encouraged war. The king knew that war with Poland, Russian Poland, meant war with France, and probably Denmark. The Ottoman Empire could always be counted on to invade Russia but not to support Austria. Anti-Polish rioting broke out across Prussia and even in Austria, while Russia was ready to defend its puppet Kingdom of Poland. Finally, Prussia declared war on Poland, followed immediately by Austria. Russia and France proceeded to declare war on Prussia and Austria, so England declared war on them both. Serbia later declared war on Austria.

US President Theodore Roosevelt was very keen on joining the war on the Allied side, but he had a hard time convincing Americans to join the war, for America had not been directly attacked. Many Americans wanted to support France as they had in the last war, but others did not care for war at all. In the former Mexican territories, there was still an older generation of people who wanted to return to Mexico. These people waited eagerly for Mexico to invade and take back this land. In 1909, Edward Grey, English Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, sent a telegram to Mexico inviting them to invade the southern United States and regain lost territories. This coincided with England and Prussia beginning unrestricted submarine warfare. Mexico accepted England's offer and declared war on the United States. The United States responded by declaring war on Mexico and England.

World War III
World War III: World War II Revenge. Austria led by Hitler, Germany led by ???, England led by Mosley?, Italy led by Mussolini.

Italy, which participated in World War II without any important gains, suffered more than any other winning country in the Great Depression. Benito Mussolini capitalized on the bad feelings in Italy to first legally become First Minister of Italy and later coerce the king into abdication. The king was later assassinated on Mussolini's orders.

World War III began with the so-called March on Rome as Mussolini's Italy invaded French Rome in order to create a "real" Italy. Italy was later joined by Prussia invading the French Rhineland and Austria invading the Illyrian provinces. The Eurasian Federation and Greece soon joined the war.

In Asia, the Chinese Civil War had come to an end. The new China (probably RoC) promised to take back lost land from Russia and Japan and to make Greater China real again. China had already been at war with Japan in the Pacific. When war broke out in Europe, China invaded French Indochina. This promoted Russia to declare war on China, bringing the Asian and European conflicts into one war. China invaded the Russian puppet state of Mongolia and the Japanese puppet of Manchuria. Both of these started out as great successes. China also took over most French possessions in the Pacific as well as the Russian Pacific coast. After these massive victories, China decided against invading Japan, deeming it too costly and risky, instead demanding that America hand over the Alexandrian (Hawaiian) Islands. America refuses, and China responded by bombing the islands, followed by a naval invasion. This prompted Mexico to declare war on America as well, bringing the war to North America

In South America, the Peruvian government had been taken over by the ultranationalist Jaguar Party, who promoted the unification of all Spanish speaking South American nations. Peru was allied with Brazil against Gran Colombia, who was allied to Mexico. Gran Colombia invaded American Panama and later the UPCA after Mexico and America began warring. Thus, the war engulfed South America. Despite the United States not wanting to be associated with the Jaguars, they had ended up on the same side of the war.

Cold War
Bleeding Years of Europe - Series of successive wars in Europe, including the English Civil War, French Civil War, Prussian Civil War, Hungarian Rebellion, Italian Civil War

Third Pacific War - Vietnam War on steroids as it stretches to neighboring countries of southeast Asia and other Pacific territories as well as conflict in Australia

Indian War - Newly independent India attempts to takeover neighboring states such as Bengal, Punjab, and Mysore

War of Arabian Unification - Many Arab states join together to form the Federation of Islamic States

American intervention in Peru - After the fall of the Jaguars in Peru, America invades to establish a democracy and prevent the creation of an unfriendly military regime

Brazilian Civil War - The end of the Imperial-military domination of Brazil and the formation of a democratic society. The war in Brazil led to the independence of its Congo colony.

Congo War - After Congo receives independence from Brazil, there is a long Vietnam-esque civil war

American alliance: Trans Atlantic Treaty Organization and some Pacific thing

Russian alliance: Warsaw Pact

Americas

 * United States (Washington, D.C.)
 * United Provinces of Central America
 * Federation of Gran Colombia (Bogota)
 * Empire of Brazil (Brasilia)
 * Republic of Patagonia
 * Republic of Peru (Cuzco)
 * Republic of the Rio de la Plata (Buenos Aires)

Eurasia
Near East India
 * Republic of Ireland (Dublin)
 * Kingdom of Scotland (Edinburgh)
 * Kingdom of England (London)
 * French Empire (Paris)
 * United Kingdom of Denmark-Norway (Copenhagen)
 * Kingdom of Spain (Madrid)
 * Kingdom of Portugal (Lisbon)
 * Kingdom of Italy (Milan)
 * Kingdom of Prussia (Berlin)
 * Kingdom of Sweden (Stockholm)
 * Kingdom of Austria (Vienna)
 * Republic of Czechia (Prague)
 * Republic of Slovakia (Bratislava)
 * Republic of Hungary (Budapest)
 * Yugoslavian Federation (Belgrade)
 * Kingdom of Romania (Bucharest)
 * Federation of Eurasian Commonwealths (Moscow)
 * Kingdom of Greece (Athens)
 * Kingdom of Jerusalem (Jerusalem)
 * Republic of Turkey (Ankara)
 * Federation of Arab Nations (Baghdad)
 * Republic of Persia (Tehran)
 * Punjab Federation (Islamabad)
 * Republic of India (New Delhi)
 * Republic of Mysore (Mysore)
 * Tamil-Sinhal Union (Colombo)
 * Bengal Republic (Dhaka)

Far East
 * Empire of Japan (Tokyo)
 * Republic of China (Beijing)
 * Republic of Tibet (Lhasa)

Africa
foreign territory
 * Empire of Ethiopia (Addis Ababa)
 * Republic of Zaire (Pedroville)
 * Republic of the Congo (Louisville)
 * Republic of Nigeria (Lagos)
 * Sultanate of Morocco (Casablanca)
 * France - Algeria and Sudan
 * Italy - Libya and Tunisia
 * Portugal - Angola and Mozambique

Australia

 * Australia (Albion)
 * New Holland
 * Westralia (Perth)
 * Novorossiya

Kings
Plantagenets: Lancasters, Mortimers and Yorks, Tudors From the House of Tudor From House of Pole From House of Orange From House of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld From House of Wettin-Romanov
 * Edward III, King of England
 * Edward, the Black Prince, Prince of Wales
 * Richard II, King of England
 * Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence
 * Philippa, 5th Countess of Ulster
 * +Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March
 * Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March
 * Edmund I, King of England
 * Anne de Mortimer
 * +Richard III, King of England
 * John II, King of England
 * Henry IV, King of England
 * Henry V and I, King of England and France
 * Henry VI, King of England
 * John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset
 * John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset
 * Margaret Beaufort
 * +Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond
 * Henry VII, King of England
 * +Elizabeth of York
 * Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York
 * Richard III, King of England
 * +Anne de Mortimer
 * Richard IV, King of England
 * +Cecily Neville
 * Edward IV, King of England
 * +Anne of France
 * Elizabeth of York
 * +Henry VII, King of England
 * Edward V, King of England
 * +Anne of Britanny
 * Elizabeth I of England
 * +Henry VIII of England
 * Richard V of England
 * Richard VII, King of England
 * Elizabeth of York, Duchess of Suffolk
 * John de la Pole
 * Edmund de la Pole, 3rd Duke of Suffolk
 * Richard VIII of England
 * Edmund II, King of England
 * +Elizabeth II of England
 * George, Duke of Clarence
 * Edward, Duke of Clarence
 * Richard, Duke of Gloucester
 * Henry VII, King of England
 * +Elizabeth of York
 * Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scotland
 * Henry VIII, King of England
 * +Elizabeth I of England
 * Henry IX, King of England
 * Mary, Queen of France
 * +Francis II of France
 * Elizabeth II, Queen of England
 * +Edmund II, King of England
 * House of Pole
 * Edward VI, King of England
 * Edward VII, King of England
 * Edward VIII, King of England
 * Elizabeth III, Queen of England
 * +James VIII, King of Scotland of Scotland
 * Charles III, King of Scotland of Scotland
 * Henry, Prince of Wales
 * Elizabeth of England
 * +Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange
 * House of Orange
 * William III and II, King of England and Prince of Orange
 * +Sophia of the Palatinate
 * William IV and III, King of England and Prince of Orange
 * John III, King of England
 * Edmund III, King of England
 * Edmund IV, King of England
 * Edmund V, King of England
 * Edmund VI, King of England
 * Elizabeth IV, Queen of England
 * +Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Prince consort of England
 * House of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Kings of England
 * Edward, Duke of Kent
 * Victoria, Holy Roman Empress
 * +Napoleon II, Holy Roman Emperor
 * House of Bonaparte, Holy Roman Emperors
 * Elizabeth IV, Queen of England
 * +Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Prince consort and later Prince Regent of England
 * Richard IX, King of England
 * John IV, King of England
 * Henry X, King of England
 * Edmund VII, King of England
 * Elizabeth, Princess of Wales
 * Richard X, King of England
 * John, Duke of Kent
 * Edward IX, King of England
 * Elizabeth, Princess of Wales
 * +Grand Duke Alexander Romanov of Russia, Duke of Gloucester
 * House of Wettin-Romanov
 * Elizabeth, Queen of Portugal
 * +Carlos I of Portugal
 * House of Braganza, Kings of Portugal
 * Mary of Russia
 * +Michael II of Eurasia
 * House of Romanov, Emperors of Eurasia
 * Elizabeth, Princess of Wales
 * +Grand Duke Alexander Romanov of Russia, Duke of Gloucester
 * Edmund, Duke of Clarence
 * William of Clarence
 * John, Duke of York
 * Edward, Duke of Sussex
 * Mary, Princess Royal
 * Richard, Earl of Hereford

History of England
Edward IV was killed by Lancastrians, who then freed Henry Tudor from the Tower of London and declared him king. As Edward V was in Normandy at the time, Henry was able to be king. News quickly reached Edward, who prevailed upon his grandfather Louis XI of France to give him aid to retake England. Edward's forces were commanded by his uncles, the Dukes of Clarence and Gloucester. Henry VI's reign was quickly put to an end when he and his son Edward both died. This incident became known as the Lancastrian Rebellion. The last remaining Lancastrians were the Tudors, who certainly did not have the power to usurp the Yorks. However, upon the death of Owain, Prince of Wales, created a power vacuums that the Tudors filled. Henry Tudor became the Prince of Wales in 1490.

In 1491, Edward V married Anne of Brittany. This was seen as a challenge to the rule of Charles VIII of France, Edward's uncle, as it brought more continental territory under the control of England. Anne died giving birth to Edward's daughter, Elizabeth. When Charles died in 1498, Edward declared himself King of France and invaded France through Normandy and Brittany. Despite initial successes, Edward was defeated by Louis XII and killed, to be succeeded by his five year old son, Richard V. As per the initial marriage arrangment of Edward V and Anne of Brittany, Richard inherited England, but Brittany went to his sister Elizabeth, who had it from the death of her mother. England was governed in Richard minority by his uncle Richard, the Duke of York. The Duke of York succeded his nephew when the already sickly king died on a visit to Normandy. The Duke of York then became King Richard VI. The new king was childless, having gone through three wives, none of whom bore him a child. Thus, his heir was his couse Edward, the Duke of Clarence. Richard decided to return to France to achieve what his brother had not, thus beginning the second period of the War of the French Succession. While Richard was in France, Henry, Prince of Wales, invaded England, claiming the throne of England as Henry VII. Henry was married to Richard's sister Elizabeth, adding further legitimacy to his claim to England. Richard was unable to return to England, tied down by the war in France. His cousin Edward, Duke of Gloucester, led the defense of England. However, Gloucester was killed by the Welsh as they continued to make their way through England. Richard decided to abandon his claim to France, and signed a damaging peace treaty with the King of France. Richard never made it back to England, as his was lost in a storm during the crossing of the Channel. The deaths of King Richard and Gloucester allowed Henry Tudor to successfully conquer England, uniting England and Wales under his rule. Henry sent his people to Brittany to arrange the marriage of his son Henry to Elizabeth of Brittany. However, the match was rejected, prompting Henry to invade Brittany. Things changed, however, when the Yorkist supporters rose up again, declaring Elizabeth to be the Queen of England. Normandy was firmly in the control Yorkist partisans, as well as parts of England, thus continuing civil war in England. However, the so-called Britannic Rebellion was put down by Henry's superior numbers. Henry took Elizabeth back to England and she married the Prince of Wales. Thus, Henry solidified his rule over England (and Wales).

Things fell apart again after Henry VII's death. Henry only had two children by Elizabeth before she died, a son Henry and a daughter Mary. To make peace with France, Mary married Dauphin of France, Francis. Henry was an enemy of the Holy Roman Emperor and initially made common cause with the King of France against him. However, Henry later changed sides to be against the French. This led to France invading Normandy, which cost Henry both the territory and his life. The new king was his young son, Henry IX. Henry's reign was challenged almost immediately by the existing Plantagenet heirs, the Poles of Suffolk. Additionally, his brother in law, King Francis II of France, was interested in removing King Henry and replacing him with his sister Mary, Francis' wife. The question about who would strike first was resolved when Richard de la Pole, 4th Earl of Suffolk, declared himself King Richard VI. Many of Henry's councilors began to abandon him. After a year of fighting, the young Henry decided to abdicate and let Pole assume the throne. Henry went into exile first in Austria, and later in Russia. However, Francis of France was not happy with Richard becoming the king, so he invaded England with the intention of making his daughter Elizabeth the Queen of England. Francis' invasion of England marked the beginning of the War of the English Succession, a bloody conflict that involved other countries, including Scotland, the Holy Roman Empire, and Spain. The end result was a narrow Pole victory. Richard VI married Elizabeth to put an end to the French claim n England and Francis II of France was succeeded by his brother Henry II.

The War of the English Succession also had an underlying religious basis, as the Poles and their allies had converted to Protestantism, as had many other nobles of England, while the Tudors and the French were Catholics. England started to lean toward the Protestant side in general during the reign of Henry IX, so the Catholic French were not welcome successors. The Protestant Poles weakened the power of Catholicism in England and ruled four approximately 100 years.

In the late 17th century, Edward VIII died and was succeeded by his daughter, Elizabeth III. Elizabeth was married to the Catholic Duke of Rothesay, heir to the Kingdom of Scotland. Upon the death of Rothesay's father, he became James VIII of Scotland. The English people and Parliament were wary of this new Catholic consort and his Catholic sons. Parliament forced the monarchs to agree to the division of the kingdoms. Their older son, Charles, would inherit Scotland, while the younger son, Henry, would inherit England. This matter was complicated when Henry died and his parents decided that Charles would become king of both England and Scotland. Parliament decided to act swiftly, declaring that Elizabeth had lost the rule and invited the Protesant Prince William of Orange to be king, thus beginning the English Wars of Religion. The Wars of Religion involved massacres of Protestants on the orders of the Catholics monarchs and vice versa. The war was won with the St. Andrew's Day Massacre, where King James of Scotland, Queen Elizabeth, and their supporters and family members were massacred by their own men, who had betrayed them for William. With the deaths of his primary adversaries, William succeeded to the throne of England. Charles, son of James and Elizabeth, escaped the massacre and was captured by William's forces. William allowed him to return to Scotland to be king there, although the massacre had crippled him and severely burnt large areas of his body. William knew Charles could not father an heir, and his succession to the throne of Scotland laid the groundwork for the War of the Scottish Succession.

William III was succeeded by his son William IV. William was going to be King of England while his brother John would become Prince of Orange. However, William's death made John receive both England and Orange. John abandoned his claim to Orange, so it went to a distant cousin, John William Friso.

The War of the Scottish Succession broke out during the reign of Edmund V. England was coming off of their losses in the American Revolution and sought to reassert their dominance by laying claim to Scotland, utilizing a convoluted claim through Sophia of the Palatinate, mother of William IV and John III and granddaughter of James VI of Scotland. His rival, Louis XVI of France, was the primary opposing claimant. Louis claimed descent from Mary, sister of James III and grandmother of Louis XV of France. Louis XVI knew he could not reasonably expect to rule both Scotland and France, so he put forth his brother Charles as King Charles IV of Scotland. Although the French succeeded in placing Charles on the throne of Scotland, the price they paid was dear, as the French Revolution began the next year. A series of deaths lead to Charles of Scotland becoming the heir to France, with his brother Louis XVIII claiming the throne. However, Napoleon's reign preventing him from actively claiming this title. Many members of the French nobility fled to Scotland. Scotland and England's mutual enemy of Napoleon forced them to become allies. Louis XVIII died in exile in Scotland, and the kings of Scotland began adding King of France to their titles as well. This was ended when Napoleon II invaded Scotland in the reign of Charles V. Napoleon installed his brother Alexander as the King of Scotland.

Henry X was responsible for the rise of English Nazi-equivalent Party. He was their supporter in the 1920s and through World War III. At the end of the war, when it was clear England had lost, Henry abdicated the throne to his brother Edmund and fled England. He was never found and is presumed dead. Edmund VII attempted to surrender to the Allied powers, and for this he was pardoned and allowed to be king after the war ended. New elections were held and Winston Churchill, leader of the Resistance during the war, was elected Prime Minister as the head of the newly formed Union Party. Churchill, despite his immense popularity and promises, was assassinated in 1951 by the English Republican Army. This started the earliest stages of the English Civil War. (OTL Cromwell war never happened.) The war began in full when King Edmund, his wife, and his daughters were assassinated by a car bomb in 1952. The new king Richard X went into hiding until French troops began landing in Cornwall to support him. It was seen to be an easy win for the royalists with French and later Russian support, but Scotland and Ireland intervened on the Republican side, providing help in every way imaginable. The war lasted for seven years, and beyond the damage in England, all colonial possessions England still retained went ahead of post-war plans for decolonization and declared their independence. These new nations were formed bloodlessly as England could do nothing to stop them. The war ended when US President Earl Warren brought both sides to peace negotiations. The fighting was ended and the ERA formed a legitimate political party. The Liberal Republican Party is one of the three largest in England, with the other two being the centre-left National Union Party (the party of Churchill) and the right-wing Conservative Alliance. The Prince of Wales was assassinated in 1972 by remnants of the ERA and the king was assassinated in 1975, succeeded by his nephew Edward, the Duke of Kent. The ERA continues to exist today, although its numbers are small and is primarily based out of Scotland and Ireland.

Scotland
Alexander Bonaparte became Alexander IV of Scotland. His Scotland strongly resembled his brother's France in terms of how powerful the emperor was. However, the Scottish Parliament existed as an advisory body due to the influence of the nearby England. Scotland had a civil war that coincided with the French Civil War. The Scottish royals lived in exile in Sweden during the war. The war saw power being held by a series of generals, but the war primarily expanded the power of Parliament. It became apparent that the people of Scotland wanted a government similar to that of the new England. The war ended after 13 years, longer than the French Civil War, primarily because foreign powers were too busy intervening in France to get involved in Scotland. At the end of the war, the royals were invited back to Scotland by Parliament, with their new role being clearly defined in the Constitution of Scotland as nothing more than figureheads.

Monarchs of Scotland (Stuart): House of Bourbon-Scotland: House of Bonaparte
 * James VIII of Scotland
 * Charles III of Scotland
 * Charles IV of Scotland
 * Louis of Scotland
 * Charles, Duke of Albany
 * Charles V of Scotland
 * Alexander IV of Scotland
 * Alexander V of Scotland
 * Napoleon, Duke of Albany
 * Robert III of Scotland
 * Alexander VI of Scotland
 * Robert IV of Scotland
 * Alexander VII of Scotland
 * Robert, Duke of Rothesay

House of Bonaparte

 * Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, King of Italy (1769-1804-1832)
 * +Josephine de Beauharnais
 * Napoleon II, Emperor of the French and the Germans, King of Italy (1806-1832-1873)
 * +Princess Victoria of England
 * Napoleon, Prince Imperial, King of Holland (1840-1851)
 * Louis I Napoleon, Emperor of the French and the Germans (1841-1873-1886)
 * Napoleon III, Emperor of the French and the Germans (1864-1886-1892)
 * Louis II Napoleon, Emperor of the French and the Germans, King of Jerusalem (1887-1892-1932)
 * Louis III Napoleon, Emperor of the French and the Germans, King of Jerusalem (1914-1932-1968)
 * Napoleon IV, Emperor of the French and the Germans (1950-1968-present)
 * Napoleon Charles, Prince Imperial, King of Holland (1986-present)
 * Louis Napoleon, Prince Imperial, Prince of Utrecht (2009-present)
 * Jerome Napoleon, King of Aragon
 * Isabelle, Princess of France
 * +John IV, King of England
 * House of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Kings of England
 * Alexander IV of Scotland
 * +Louise of Orleans
 * Kings of Scotland
 * Marie, Princess of France
 * Jean, Prince of France
 * Adeline, Princess of France
 * Vivianne, Princess of France
 * Therese, Princess of France
 * Charles, Prince of France
 * Eugene, Prince of France

History
France evolved into an autocratic absolute state, with the Grand Assembly being a powerless body. All real power was held by the Emperor and his Imperial Council, the ultimate decision making body in France.

Jerusalem
The Kingdom of Jerusalem was established after the First Great War as an area under French occupation. Louis II of France claimed the title King of Jerusalem. The French continued to control Jerusalem into the 1960s, but the beginning of the Civil War allowed Jerusalem to become an independent state. Jerusalem continued to call itself a kingdom despite the noted lack of a king. The Kingdom of Jerusalem continues to be an independent state today, although it is surrounded on all sides by the Arab Union. Jerusalem stands as an independent nation due to support for foreign powers and is noted for its neutrality and peacefulness.

Government
Pre-Civil War government: Current government:
 * Emperor - the head of state and government, supreme leader of France
 * Imperial Council - the selected advisers and government ministers of the emperor, theoretically the collective heads of the Assembly
 * Grand Assembly - elected representatives of the people, who only real duty was to affirm the decisions already made by the Emperor and his Council
 * Supreme Tribunal - judges selected by the Imperial Council to serve on the highest court of the land
 * Imperial Council - The Council has seven members, appointed by the Prime Minister, who in turn is selected by the Assembly. Each member of the council is the head of one of the seven ministries.
 * Prime Minister
 * Foreign Affairs
 * Interior
 * Justice
 * War
 * Army
 * Navy
 * Air Force
 * Treasury
 * Human Resources
 * Education
 * Health
 * Transportation
 * Urban Affairs
 * Housing
 * Federation and the Colonies
 * Grand Assembly - elected representatives of the people, hold most real power
 * Prime Minister - chosen by the Assembly, typically leader of the majority party
 * Each department of France is given a proportionate number of representatives in the Assembly based on their population.
 * Supreme Tribunal - seven judges selected by the Assembly

Russia/Federation of Eurasian Commonwealths
After WWII (OTL WWI), Russia had a civil war that led to the creation of a constutional monarchy with Michael II as the Tsar and Alexander Kerensky as the first Chancellor of the Eurasian Federation. Many minorities were given autonomous commonwealths and representation in the newly formed State Assembly of Russia. The war was short and mostly bloodless thanks to Russian emperors being much less reactionary than OTL. This is because Peter the Great aimed to create a more "western" empire. Peter also raised his son Alexei away from the boy's mother and the hatred between father and son did not develop. Liberal reforms were carried out by later emperors such as Alexander I, Constantine I, Alexander II, and Alexander III. Today the Emperor is little more than a figurehead and the State Assembly rules supreme.
 * Nicholas II
 * Alexei III
 * Michael II
 * Constantine II
 * Michael III
 * Nicholas Mikhailovich
 * Alexei Konstantinovich
 * Alexander Alexeievich, Duke of Gloucester
 * +Elizabeth, Princess of Wales
 * House of Wettin-Romanov, heirs to England

Chancellors of the Eurasian Federation
The Chancellor is the head of government of the Federation. The Chancellor is elected to six year terms by the people of the Federation. There are no term limits.

Eurasian political parties
The two oldest parties in Eurasia are the National Conservatives and the Social Liberals. Major third parties include the Freedom Front, which promotes the total independence of the smaller republics and minority nations; the Republican Party, which aims for the complete end of the monarchy and the creation of a government similar to that of the United States; and the Democratic Worker's Party, a communist party. All Chancellors have been from the two major parties, and one of the two major parties has always controlled the Assembly.

United Nations thing
Not called the UN or LoN.

Permanent security council members: United States, France, Eurasia, Japan, Brazil