User:Tr0llis/Sandbox

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Lombardy
The Kingdom of Lombardy is a constituent state of the Holy Roman Empire in northern Italy. It was created in 1503, following the merger of the Duchy of Milan, and its territories of Padua and Ravenna. The Kingdom of Lombardy arose from Milan, which had been created from a collection of twenty-six towns and a wide rural area of the middle Padan Plain, east of the hills of Montferrat. For much of its early existence, the duchy was separated from the sea and other nations by Savoy to the west, Venice to the east, the Swiss Confederacy to the north, and Genoa to the south. By the late fifteenth century, however, the duchy had grown to be one of the most powerful Italian states, outside of the Kingdom of Italy to the south.

Milan took part in a successful invasion of Italy, granting the duchy control over most of northern Italy, while the Kingdom of Spain secured Italy proper. During the reign of Stephano the Great the duchy would be reformed into the Kingdom of Lombardy, and the region would experience one of its first golden ages. Lombardy served on the forefront of cultural innovation, as one of the leading patrons of the arts in Europe, becoming home to some of the continent's most renown renaissance painters and sculptors.

In the late sixteenth century the Kingdom of Lombardy was invaded by its former ally Spain through Italy, being conquered by the House of Habsburg. Spanish rule would continue for the next century, under which the former Visconti family continued to grow influential in the area. In 1749 the last Spanish ruler of Lombardy would be defeated in the War of the Grand Coalition, in which Lombardy managed to secure its independence. Giovanni Visconti was appointed leader of all Italian forces against Spain, leading allied forces to victory in northern Europe, alongside other great generals such as Eugene of Savoy.

After the war's conclusion with the Treaty of Toledo, Leopold II von Habsburg of the Netherlands and Westphalia was appointed king in Lombardy, with Giovanni Visconti as regent. An agreement soon after the war would be signed, which placed Giovanni's son (Leopold's grandson), Stephano von Habsburg-Visconti, as heir apparent to the throne of Lombardy. This would mark the return of the Visconti to power in Lombardy.

War of the Grand Coalition
The War of the Grand Coalition (for other names, see below) was a major global conflict lasting from 1737 to 1749, and is to date one of the largest European conflicts in history, as well across the entire globe. The War of the Grand Coalition would break out at a time in European history in which major powers extended their influence across multiple continents, through colonies, protectorates, and trade partners, eventually escalating this conflict into an intercontinental war, pitting the majority of Europe's major nations in direct conflict.

The war would began in 1737 with the formation of the 'Grand Coalition', a temporary alliance of some of Europe's most powerful nations, including France, Britannia, the Netherlands, and several others, for the purpose of combating Spanish global dominance and hegemony. By this time the Empire of Hispania had managed to exert its influence over a proportionate amount of the world's population and territory, leading to breakdown of a balance of power, deemed critical to European stability by its states. Initially the Grand Coalition sought to reduce Spanish power, returning Europe to a state of balance between the major powers. As the war escalated, the war soon descended into the complete partitioning of Spanish possessions between the belligerents of the war, while Spain concurrently fell into a state of economic and political turmoil.

Faced with large-scale occupation of its colonial possessions and territory proper, in 1749 the Empire of Hispania was forced to surrender to the Grand Coalition and its allies. In the ensuing peace treaties, the largest of which being the Treaty of Toledo, Spain was forced to cede the majority of its colonial empire. This treaty and the ensuing peace also led to the development of a number of crucial concepts in European and international politics, including the Leopoldine Doctrine, and the Régime Équilibré, a pivotal doctrine coined in France which declared the nation's intentions to maintain a status quo.

House of Visconti

 * Filippo II (1490-1567)
 * Giovani II (1539-1590)
 * Valentina (1560-1631)
 * Galeazzo III (1541-1618)
 * Bernabò II (1568-1663)
 * Viridis (1590-1665)
 * Taddea (1595-1673)
 * Gian Galeazzo II (1600-1670)
 * Caterina
 * Ludovico (1630-1660)
 * Antonia (1632-1700)
 * Carlo (1635-1711)
 * Antonia (1659-1730)
 * Marco (1663-1744)
 * Giovanni (1699) - Carolina von Habsburg-Nassau-Orleans (1705)
 * Stephano von Habsburg-Visconti (1728)
 * Rodolfo (1603-1690)
 * Maddalena (1606-1666)

Habsburg-Visconti

 * Stephano von Habsburg-Visconti (1728 - 1799
 * Giovanni IV (1748)- Elisabetta Farnese
 * Francesco (1770)
 * Maria Adelaide (1750)
 * Maria Christina (1752)
 * Tommaso, Prince of Modena (1755)

Current Order

House of Habsburg-Nassau-Orleans

 * Willem I (1488 - 1545) - Charlotte
 * Christoffel van Nassau-Orleans (Willem II) (1525 - 1591) - Sophia von Valois-Arc
 * Frederik (1565 - 1587) - Anna (1566 - 1612)
 * Karl (1583 - 1590)
 * Charlotte (1572) - Karl von Wittlesbach (1574)
 * Willem III (1570 - 1638) - Maria von Habsburg (1580)
 * Maurits I (1600)
 * Hendrik (1602)
 * Carolina (1604)
 * Anna (1574) - Claudius I Strategopoulos (1557)
 * Claudius Strategopoulos (1593)
 * Justinian Strategopoulos (1593)
 * Lodewijk (1577) - Maria Le Habsburg (1575)
 * Johan I (1593) - Elisabeth von Hohenzollern (1585)
 * Anna (1632) - Maximilian von Habsburg (1630)
 * Leopold I/II von Habsburg(-Nassau-Orleans) (1670)
 * Anna (1596)
 * Leopold I/II von Habsburg(-Nassau-Orleans) (1670 - 1760)
 * Joseph I (1703 - 1781) - Rozenn of Brittany (1720)
 * Wolfgang II of Westphalia (1740) - Leopoldine von Lippe
 * Rudolph I of the Netherlands (1745-1825)
 * Antonie I of the Netherlands (1767)
 * Willem (1788)
 * Adrianus (1791)
 * Tuur (1791)
 * Charlotte (1793)
 * Bartholomeus (1795)
 * Daphne (1797)
 * Christoffel (1799)
 * Wolfgang (1809)
 * Anna (1770)
 * Xander (1772)
 * Gert (1776)
 * Jakob (1782)
 * Carolina (1705) - Giovanni Visconti (1699)
 * Stephano von Habsburg-Visconti (1728 - 1799) (King of Lombardy)
 * Giovanni IV (1748)- Elisabetta Farnese
 * Francesco (1770)
 * Maria Adelaide (1750)
 * Maria Christina (1752)
 * Tommaso, Prince of Modena (1755)

House Hamburg

 * Christian VI (1442-1514) of Oldenburg, married Lady Juliet Leinster of the House of York
 * Adelheid I of Oldenburg (1472-1542) married Duke Frederich of Hamburg
 * Frederich II (1499-1567) Duke of Hamburg
 * Richard IV, (1502-1567) Dietrich II of Oldenburg - Jacqueline I of Albion
 * William III, also Wilhelm I of Oldenburg
 * Johannes (1540)


 * Frederick I, Margrave of Brandenburg (1485-1533)
 * Lothar I, Margrave of Brandenburg (1518-1577)
 * Lothar II, Margrave of Brandenburg (1539-1606)
 * Magnus II, Margrave of Brandenburg (1564 - 1631) - Teresa Manrique de Figueroa
 * Otto I, Margrave of Brandenburg (1594-?)
 * Albert II (1596-1680)
 * Cymburgis - William III, also Wilhelm I of Oldenburg
 * Mary I (1582-1666)
 * Alfred I (1586-1660)
 * Johann (1520-?)
 * Frederick (1542-?)
 * Otto (1575-?)
 * Frederick (1596-1661)

House of Habsburg-Brandenburg

 * Albert II (1596-1680) - Elizabeth of Essex
 * George I (1630) - Caroline of Ansbach
 * Albert III (1670-1700)
 * William (1633-1689)
 * Anne (1635-1700)
 * Otto I, Margrave of Brandenburg (1594-1653)
 * Frederick II (1640)

House of Edinburgh

 * James I (1698-1760)
 * Charles I (1760-)

=The Old Boar Suffered=

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Jarls of England

 * England
 * House of Knýtlinga
 * Cnut the Great (1012 - 1035)
 * Harold Harefoot (1036 - 1038)
 * Harthacnut (1038 - 1042)
 * Harold Sveinsson (1042 - 1083)
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 * Ormar I
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 * Borkvard I (-1043)
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 * Gudfred (1051 - 1055)
 * Kolbjörn (1055 - )
 * Cornwall
 * House of Oxeborg (Hvitserk)
 * Ragnarr I (882 - 934)
 * Halfdan I (934 - 953)
 * Ragnarr II (953 - 980)
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 * Ivar (1002 - 1015)
 * Gudfred I (1015 - 1055)
 * Ragnarr IV (1055 - )
 * East Anglia
 * House of Guthrum
 * Guthrum (879 – 890)
 * Eohric (890 - 904)
 * House of Hvitserk
 * Rögnvaldr (904 - 963)
 * Alvör I (963 - 999)
 * Guðfrið I (999 - 1012)
 * Non Dynastic
 * Thorkell the Tall (1012 - 1021)
 * Osgod Clapa (1021 - 1030)
 * House of Hvitserk
 * Borkvard I (1030 - 1039)
 * Guðfrið II (1039 - 1043)
 * Alvör II (1043)
 * House of Knýtlinga
 * Harold II of England (1043 - 1060)
 * Ragvald I (1060 - )
 * Jorvik
 * House of Hvitserk
 * Halfdan I (866 - 898)
 * Sigfrið (898 - 920)
 * Rögnvaldr (920 - 963)
 * Styrbjörn (963 - 1008)
 * Anlaufr the Old (1008 - 1009)
 * House of Knýtlinga
 * Sweyn Forkbeard (1009 - 1011)
 * House of Wessex
 * Æthelred (1011 - 1012)
 * House of Hlaðir
 * Eric Haakonsson (1012 - 1029)
 * House of Hvitserk
 * Guðfrið (1029 - 1033)
 * Halfdan II (1033 - 1041)
 * House of Bamburgh
 * Uhtred (1041 - 1043)
 * House of Hvitserk
 * Halfdan III (1043 - 1044)
 * House of Knýtlinga
 * Haakon Sveinsson (1044 - 1070)
 * Olaf Haakonsson (1070 - 1124)
 * Svein Olafsson (1124 - 1180)
 * Haakon Sveinsson (1180 - 1214)
 * Five Boroughs
 * House of Hlaðir
 * Haakon Ericsson (1016 - 1029)
 * Einar Thambarskelfir (1034 - 1045)
 * House of Estridsen
 * Beorn I Estrithson (1045 - 1049)
 * Ulf I Beornsson (1049 - 1055)
 * Styrbjörn I Beornsson (1055 -1076)
 * House of Knýtlinga
 * Ragnvald Haroldsson (1076 - 1083)
 * Alfvin (1083 - 1099)
 * Mercia
 * House of Estridsen
 * Ulf Thorgilsson (1012 - 1026)
 * House of Hwicce
 * Leofric (1026 - 1040)
 * Ælfgar (1040 - 1044)
 * House of Estridsen
 * Sweyn I (1044 - 1076)
 * Thorgil I (1076 - 1080)
 * Ulf II (1080 - 1100)
 * Eilaf (1100 - 1127)
 * Sweyn II (1127 - 1130)
 * Eric I (1130 - 1136)
 * Valdemar I (1136 - 1179)
 * Eric I, Jarl of Mercia (1179 - 1211)
 * Edmund, Jarl of Mercia (1211 - 1226)
 * Sweyn III, Jarl of Mercia (1226 - 1236)
 * Thorgil II (1236 - 1270)
 * Abel I (1270)
 * Christopher I (1270 - 1286)
 * Eric II (1286 - 1291)
 * Valdemar II (1291 - )
 * Valdemar II (1291 - )

House of Estridsen

 * Eilaf, Jarl of Mercia (1075 - 1127)
 * Sweyn II, Jarl of Mercia (1095 - 1130)
 * Eric I, Jarl of Mercia (1100 - 1136)
 * Valdemar I, Jarl of Mercia (1104 - 1179)
 * Eric I, Jarl of Mercia (1140 - 1211)
 * Canute (1179 - 1203)
 * Edmund, Jarl of Mercia (1184 - 1226)
 * Sweyn III, Jarl of Mercia (1209 - 1236)
 * Christopher, Greve of Vervik (1230 - 1234)
 * Thorgil II, Jarl of Mercia (1236 - 1270)
 * Christopher, Greve of Vervik (1149 - 1265)
 * Eric (1215 - 1268)
 * Christopher I, King of the Tamworth Union (1239 - 1286)
 * Eric II, Jarl of Mercia (1263 - 1291)
 * Charles, Jarl of Gloiuborg (1241 - 1285)
 * Canute (1112 - 1195)
 * Abel (1151 - 1229)
 * Eric (1194 - 1230)
 * Sweyn (1214 - 1263)
 * Abel I, Jarl of Mercia (1241 - 1270)

House of Hereford

 * Ulf I, King of England, Jarl of Gloiuborg - Eleanor of Aquitaine
 * Harold, Duke of Aquitaine
 * -Gunhilde of Gloiuborg
 * Sweyn III, King of England - Joana
 * Harold III, King of England
 * Harold the Black Prince, Jarl of Essex, Baron of Aalst - Gertrude of Flanders
 * Sweyn IV, King of England
 * Christopher I, King of England
 * Harthacnut III, King of England - Margaret of Anjou
 * Sweyn V, King of England - Gytha of Mercia
 * Harold Sweynsson
 * Sophie - Guthrum, Jarl of Sussex, Thegn of Fjallborg
 * Margaret - Ralph Blar, Jarl of Grantebru, Greve of Petersborg
 * Frey, Lendmenn of Kynlingr - Jorunn of Kynlingr
 * Eirik
 * Margaret
 * Eirik, Jarl of Sussex
 * Thorgil, Thegn of Fjallborg
 * Freyja
 * Guthrum, Thegn of Fjallborg
 * Otto, Jarl of Jorvik
 * Ulf, Jarl of Jorvik
 * Harold IV, King of England
 * Ulf II, King of England
 * Haakon, Jarl of Jorvik
 * Eric Sweynsson, Duke of Guyenne
 * Harold Ericsson, Duke of Guyenne
 * Eric II Haroldsson, Duke of Guyenne
 * Svein Ericsson
 * Christopher Haroldsson, Jarl of Kent
 * Eric Christophersson, Jarl of Kent
 * Henrik Christophersson, Duke of Guyenne
 * Olaf, Jarl of Gloiuborg
 * Sigurd, Jarl of Gloiuborg
 * Sigrid
 * Ormar, Jarl of Gloiuborg
 * Bjorn, Jarl of the Five Boroughs, Duke of Brittany
 * Alfvin II, Jarl of the Five Boroughs
 * Rolf, Jarl of the Five Boroughs, Greve of Rutland
 * Frey
 * Niels, Jarl of the Five Boroughs, Greve of Torksey
 * Bjorn, Jarl of the Five Boroughs
 * Erlend, Jarl of the Five Boroughs, Greve of Stamford
 * Randolf - Ragnfrid Blár
 * Ranulf, Duke of Brittany
 * Audo, Duke of Brittany

House of Anker

 * Olaf, Thegn of Hastings
 * Gudmund, Greve of Suðseax, Greve of Suthringa, Captain of Calais, Thegn of Hastings
 * Einar, Duke of Picardy - Isabelle of Luxembourg
 * Gudmund, Duke of Picardy (1280)
 * Charles, Count of Eu (1282)
 * Erica (1283) - Hugh of Calais (1277)
 * Olaf, Captain of Calais (1305)
 * Matilda - Svein Ericsson, Duke of Guyenne
 * Erica - Harold Sweynsson - Ulf II, King of England
 * Brynjarr, Greve of Bedford
 * Harold, Greve of Bedford
 * Andor, Greve of Bedford (1284)
 * Guthrum, Thegn of Skarðaborg (1286)
 * Hilda (1287)
 * Thegn of Leaborg (1289)
 * Eystein, Jarl of Jórvík
 * Olaf, Jarl of Jórvík

England

 * Hereford Era (1114 - 1294)
 * Oxeborg Era (1294 - 1603)
 * Sweyn VI (1262 - 1326)
 * (1298 - 1299)
 * Expedition against Scotland (1301)
 * (1304)
 * (1305 - 1324)
 * Ormar I (1295 - 1330)
 * Tenth Crusade (1328 - 1329)
 * Restoration War (1329 - 1330)
 * Anlaufr (1297 - 1365)
 * (1337 - 1362)
 * (1348)
 * Sigurd II (1334 - 1396)
 * (1376 - 1398)
 * Ormar II (1339 - 1408)
 * Oxeborg Civil War (1404 - 1420)
 * (1415 - 1444)
 * Edmund I (1348 - 1412)
 * (1381)
 * Harold V (1354 - 1420)
 * Welsh Rebellion (1413 - 1420)
 * Alfr I (1388 - 1429)
 * (1428 - 1429)
 * (1429)
 * Ormar III (1389 - 1448)
 * Scottish War (1432 - 1437)
 * Alfr II (1397 - 1462)
 * Second Scottish War (1441 - 1455)
 * Edmund II (1433 - 1505)
 * Sweyn VII (1460 - 1537)
 * (1508 - 1516)
 * (1565 - 1603)
 * Oldenburg Ascension (1603)
 * Oldenburg Era (1603 - 1744)
 * Christian I (1560 - 1629)
 * (1618 - 1648)
 * Frederick I (1586 - 1658)
 * Christian II (1615 - 1689)
 * Harald VI (1649 - 1712)
 * Edmund III (1683 - 1744)
 * Scottish Union (1744 - )
 * Ivar II (1704 - 1780)
 * (1744)
 * Oldenburg War (1744 - 1750)
 * (1744)
 * Oldenburg War (1744 - 1750)

Sudreyjar

 * High Kings Era
 * Sigtrygg III (1039 - 1112)
 * Glúniairn II (1060 - 1137)
 * War with the Crovan (1112 - 1113)
 * War in Munster against (1114)
 * Oxeborg Conquest of Cork (1117)
 * Gwynedd War (1120 - 1122)
 * Conquest of Ǫngullsey (1123)
 * Harald Ragnallsson (1095 - 1157)
 * War with Connacht (1143 - 1160)
 * War with Waterford (1137)
 * Gofraid V (1130 - 1185)
 * (1169)

Second Crusade
=OTL Dynasties=