User:JoshTheRoman/Romans (Bellum Romanum)

The Romans (Latin: Romani) are an based around the central, spanning two continents:  and. The majority of Romans inhabit the nation state of the Roman Republic. Modern Romans are in fact the collective descendants of the Carthaginians,  (especially the Spartans),, and the. However, Roman culture has generally merged and centralized into the ancient Roman ethnic group. Today, the vast majority of Romans are Tavist. Most Romans also speak Latin.

Appearance
Romans are of typical Mediterranean appearance, especially notable for a curved Aquiline nose. Romans, although European, are tan-skinned, having a lightly brown appearance, much more similiar to the peoples of the Middle East rather than Europeans to the north. Romans are shorter compared to their European counterparts, due to the Roman diet and genetics. The majority of Romans have black or dark brown hair and are of average build, neither skinny, nor fat, nor large, nor tall or short. However, Romans in Eturia are notable for having lighter, brown hair. Romans almost always have brown or very dark brown, i.e black eyes.

Language
The vast majority of the Roman population speaks Latin. This language has not evolved much from its ancient days due to the invention of the dictionary in the culture. By the 1000's, speaking correct, aristocratic Latin became extremely important to distinguish true Romans from the so called "barbarian usurpers", who spoke, which eventually evolved into , , and. But nonetheless, the Latin language changed in minor ways, resulting in its modern form.

Historically, almost all Roman children were literate, especially in cities and upper class, as written documents, signs, and symbols played an important role in Roman society. Later on, this also involved to distinguish true Romans from the other Europeans.

The Roman alphabet only contains the following letters in order: a, b, c, e, f, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, x, y, and z. Latin is specifically famous for its ancient pronunciation, such as the missing of a soft c, as in /s/, for example, citrus. Instead, all c in Latin is pronounced as if it were a k, such as in cat.

Names
The technique of Roman names are quite unique, but they have spread across the world due to Roman influence, distinguishing the Romans from other people. Roman names consist of a combination of personal and family names. Conventionally referred to as the tria nomina, the combination of praenomen, nomen, and cognomen became basic elements of the Roman name. This naming system was once standard throughout all the known world during the days of the Roman Empire; but with the fall of the Empire, this method of naming became restricted to lands much closer to the Mediterranean, which remained under Roman cultural influence to this day.

The suffix of a Roman name changes with the person's gender, usually with male names ending with -us and female names ending with -a; although this can vary widely depending on the name. Very early on, women shared all three names with men, praenomen, nomen, and cognomen, but this was abandoned and faded out of use by the time of the early Empire. During this time, women and girls were called by their nomen and cognomen only. However, this practice was reintroduced with the arrival of Tavism, which allowed women to be prominent in Roman society.

Many cultures that have merged with Roman culture, or Romanized cultures, specifically in Greece and North Africa, have kept their native names as the praenomen, and they adopted Roman cognomen and nomen.

Romans are only called by their praenomen by family members and household, business partners, and friends. In all formal occasions, such as when a person is called upon to speak, it was customary to address a citizen by praenomen and nomen; or, if this were insufficient to distinguish him from other members of a family, by praenomen, cognomen, and nomen.

Praenomen
The praenomen, or given name, is chosen by a child's parents, and is bestowed on the dies lustricius, or "day of lustration", a Roman holiday, celebrating the birth of a child. This holiday is held on the eighth day for Roman girls, and on the ninth day for Roman boys. Usually, all of the children in a family have different praenomina. The choice of choosing the name itself is held by the mother of the child, although sometimes, the father can choose.

Historically, the eldest son was usually named after his father, and younger sons were named after their father's brothers or other male ancestors. But this was not always the case, as son might be named in honour of one of his maternal relatives, thus bringing a new name into the family. However, this practice had faded out by the end of the Roman Empire. Praenomen can often be shorted and abbreviated, especially in formal settings.

When married, a Roman woman does not change any of her names, however, all of her children will be named after the father.

Nomen
The nomen, or surname designates a Roman as a member of a gens. A gens, which may be translated as "race", "family", or "clan", constituted an extended Roman family, all of whom shared the same nomen, and claimed descent from a common ancestor. Particularly in the early First Republic, the gens functioned as a state within the state, observing its own sacred rites, and establishing private laws, which were binding on its members, although not on the community as a whole.

Cognomen
The cognomen, the third element of the tria nomina, began as an additional personal name, but it eventually came to be a second surname, specifying which part gens, or family, a Roman comes from. For example, Gaius (Praenomen) Julius (Nomen) Caesar (Cognomen), signifying that Gaius of the Julii is part of the Caesares subsection of the Julii family. This name is almost always used during formal events, specifically during public speaking of politicians, Since the main way of naming someone is by their given name, praenomen, and then their nomen, their surname.

Agnomen
The agnomen is the fourth name of a Roman. The Agnomen serves as a nickname or title, such as "The Great" or "The Liar". Most Romans do not have this however, since it is usually only granted to historically great leaders or other notable people. On the other hand, a Roman also gains an agnomen if they are adopted into a family. Upon adoption, a person gains the name of the adopter's house, which replaces their other names. But their pre-adoption nomen becomes their agnomen, with an -anus or -ana onto the end. Seen below here is an example:
 * Lucius Aemilius Paullus is adopted by  Publius Cornelius Scipio as son.
 * Lucius' new name is Lucius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus.

Society
Before the arrival of Tavism, households comprised the head (usually the father) of the household, paterfamilias (father of the family), his wife, children, and other relatives. In the upper classes, slaves and servants were also part of the household. The head of the household had great power (patria potestas, "father's power") over those living with him: He could force marriage (usually for money) and divorce, sell his children into slavery, claim his dependents' property as his own, and even had the right to punish or kill family members, even though the last disappeared quite early in Roman history.

With the arrival of Tavism into the Roman culture, household roles became clearly defined, and much fairer to females than the predecessor. The head of the household remained the father of the family, or patriarch, but his wife, matriarch, decides matters within the household, and anything to do with children. The patriarch, or father of the family generally decides how the household itself is ran and external businesses of the family, but so can the matriarch if she so desires; since when a marriage is completed, wife and husband are economically treated as one.

While Romans have been extremely progressive towards women before the end of the first milennium, women still have a regiment to conform to. Roman gender roles dictate that a woman should be a mother above all else and man should be a good husband above all else, however this is not fixed. If needed, Roman women can work just as a man.

Evidently, from the family structure, the Romans believe that the two sexes are complementary, and without the other, one side would collapse. Roman girls throughout history were given the same treatment as their brothers, again, a Spartan custom. Historically, they were given the same diets and allowed to do the same things. Historically, when invaded, Roman women in the thousands also joined the men in battle, defending the homeland and Roman society.

Marriage
As of a child's eighteenth birthday, as according to Tavism, they are able to be married. As implied by Tavist writings, spouses are chosen by a child's parents, but the marriage must be approved by the betrothed before. More often then not, teenagers suggest spouses to their parents, who then organize the marriage. Historically, nobles arranged marriage to the most attractive girl or most athletic boy to ensure the healthiest offspring.

When married, brides move into their groom's home. Also originally an ancient Spartan custom, dowries and bride-price, are non-existent, to expel the concern of how wealthy a bride or groom's family is. Spouses are generally never younger or older than each other than four years, but with the advent of the modern era, the age gap generally never exceeds a year.

A week before the wedding, the betrothed meet each other if they haven't met before, which is rare in the modern age. The wedding day often starts with intense celebration combined with religious rituals. The audience can range from as small as a dozen, to thousands of attendees. In Graecia, the wedding ceremony includes a short tussle or wrestle to prove that the groom is stronger than the bride. After this, the bride is carried back to her own household by the groom, where the marriage is consumated and completed.

In accordance with Tavist tradition, divorce is stigmatized and heavily discouraged on weak grounds, but is allowed. Divorcing while older generally means that the divorcees will not remarry. However, divorce is always allowed on grounds of abuse or adultery, both of which have grievous economic, social, cultural, and religious consequences, meaning that these actions are rare, and divorce rate among Romans rarely go above 2%.

Education
Roman education generally starts at the age of five, at which they are sent to school, usually owned by the Roman government. From here, they start elementary school, which focuses on basic academic learning and socialization skills, introducing children to the broad range of knowledge, skill and behavioral adjustment they need to succeed in life - and, particularly, in secondary school. The subjects here are flexible and broad, ranging from singing, Tavism, science, to history. However, the most time-consuming subject here is learning to read, write, and speak correct Latin. Physical education is a huge component of Roman culture, and takes up nearly a third of the school day. Exercise and playing takes place in the gymnasium, where both boys and girls play together nude, another ancient Spartan tradition.

After reaching the age of ten, Roman children graduate from primary school and enter middle school, which the attend from the age of ten to fifteen. Here, more soft subjects such as music and singing is dropped, since the kids that are talented in those subjects have usually found their talent by now. Otherwise, subjects generally stay the same: science, Tavism, history, math, and especially an emphasis on reading, writing, and oratory in Latin. With physical education in the gymnasium, students start participating in mating games where they look for future partners. First, girls and boys competed in running and stone throwing together. Then girls wrestled each other while guys closely watched and warmed up, preparing to their own wrestling contests. Male youths stare at the strongest and deftest girls. In addition to wrestling, both boys and girls can compete in games. Running or other cardio-oriented exercises also take an important place, along with football and wrestling. Boys can also participate in playful fistfighting, although being extremely careful to not creating injury or other lasting damage. Roman girls underwent this training in order to be physically and mentally elite, compared to other females in Europe, in order to bear elite children.

Following their fifteenth year, Roman children graduate to high school from middle school, which they attend until they are twenty years old, although they have the option of dropping out when they are eighteen, the legal, cultural, and religious, age of majority. From here, high schools keep crucial subjects such as reading, writing, and oratory in Latin, along with physical education. Other than these two subjects, students can now choose the majority of their subjects, choosing their future career paths. In addition to this, students learn how to be good spouses, how to raise children. By the end of high school, most students are married, with their spouse of similiar age, and usually from the same school, or even grade. Physical education is a bit different from middle school. However, male students are now able to participate in, a more extreme form of wrestling, of course, performed in the nude. Just as boys, girls were broken into teams and trained in different athletic disciplines. Both genders competed and trained in sight of the opposite gender – boys were naked, girls practiced sports wearing a short dress worn to the knees, also worn topless. During holidays and mating games, boys and girls participated in gymnastic exercises, athletic contests, singing and dancing. However, other than the addition of pankration, all other sports remained the same.

Following graduation, men usually first enter the Roman workforce in their respective field. On the other hand, women usually settle for a carefree, easier, but lower-paying job, and most have children in their early twenties, after around four years of marriage. Uncommonly, men and women can go to a university, which is not funded by the Roman government, where they can major in a subject for four, or even ten more years. However, not many jobs require this, and not many Romans even consider this a practical option.

Shelter
There are three major types of Roman houses. The poor or urban population live in insulae, an apartment complex. The middle class usually live in domus, a single-family, one-level house. The wealthy, affluent class live in villa, away from the cities. Historically, almost all Roman houses also served as shops, usually situated on the first level. But this practice fell out of use with the dawn of the modern age, when street vending was replaced by large supermarkets.

Insulae historically have been dangerous places to live, with frequent fires and collapse, thus causing them to be under heavy, strict building and fire regulations from early on in Roman history. Insulae complexes come in hundreds of designs, but as a general rule, modern insulae have a kitchen, two bedrooms, one for the kids, and the others for the parents, and a toilet. Bathing would take place in the community thermae instead of the home. Modern insulae are stacked on each other, forming a complex.

Domus, on the other hand, are quite larger, designed for the majority of Roman families. The domus includes multiple rooms, indoor courtyards, gardens and beautifully painted walls that are elaborately laid out. It generally has an entrance halll which leads to a large central hall, called the atrium, which is the center of the domus. The central hall is the most important part of the house, where guests, clients, and friends were greeted. Most atrium are open at the center with a retractable roof. If left open, rain can fall  to the drainpool in the center of the atrium, giving the central hall a natural apperence.


 * Leading of this central hall were numerous bedrooms, which number can depend on the size of the family. But in general, there is one bedroom for every wife and their husband in the household. As for children, there is one bedroom for children, and another bedroom for teenagers of the household.


 * In addition to bedrooms, the central hall would lead into the dining room, where casual eating takes place.

The third type of house, the villa, is a much larger type of a domus, a country house. It was historically, and still is, primarily owned by the rich who want to escape the noisy and rushed city life.
 * The central hall would also lead to the the kitchen, the triclinium, where formal dining would take place, and guests could recline on couches and eat dinner whilst reclining, the living room, the bathroom, and the study room, where studying or business takes place.
 * The atrium also leads to the back of the house, where there is usually a garden.

Baths
A Roman bath, called a thermae, are large bathing complexes within a Roman community. More often then not, a thermae is generally the center of a Roman community. They are common places to go after work, relax, socialize, bathe, and groom. In fact, a Roman city is not even considered complete until at least one thermae is built in the vicinity.

The principal entrance of a thermae, called an atrium, both in ancient and modern times was a place to post advertisements, especially in large cities. From there, it leads to the apodyterium, or changing room. Since clothing is banned in thermae, all clothing must be removed here prior to entering the baths proper or the gymnasium. The apodyterium leads to both the baths proper and the gymnasium, the latter which is discussed below.

Upon leaving the apodyterium, the bather would first enter the frigidarium, or a cold plunge-bath. These cold baths also double as a swimming pool.

From the frigidarium the bather who then wished to go through the warm bath and sweating process entered the tepidarium, or warm room. In most thermae, this is simply a room merely heated with warm air in order to prepare the bather for the great heat of the vapour and hot baths. However, in some thermae, this room also contains a pool of water. Historically, bathers would have been anointed with olive oil here, but in the modern age, this is where bathers apply soap or other washes.

From the warm room, a bather would then enter the caldarium or hot bath. This is where the bather would finally wash off any oil or soap they had on before entering. From here on, a bather would go to the laconicum or sauna to finish the bath. From the laconicum, a bather would head back to the tepidarium, and then to the frigidarium.

Upon entering, A roman would enter the hot baths first, to open pores, then to the warm baths, to continue bathing, and then to the cold baths, to close pores and finish bathing. These are the three principal rooms that every thermae must have. However, if a thermae is wealthy and detailed, it also contains steam baths, both moist and dry steam baths, the latter much like a sauna. The baths proper are separated by gender, however, some can be unisex, especially in Etruria, where the people are less prudish.

Gymnasium
Almost all young men, women, and older children go to the gymnasium before entering the baths, an open field enclosed by walls. Gymnasiums are very much a community center for youths, who visit it as a past-time between their academic education and jobs, if they have any. Gymnasium are unisex and are not separated by gender. This is where youths exercise, play sports, or do similiar activities before entering the baths.

Food
Romans usually start their day off with breakfast, which is served at dawn. After which they eat a small lunch at noon, and in the afternoon, Romans eat dinner; which was originally in the evening. Most Roman foods is based around bread, along with eggs, chicken, cheese, honey, milk, and many kinds of fruits, especially introduced from the New World. Of course, these main ingedients can be sprinkled with sauce, spices, or salt. Other common foods include sausage, fish, and especially shellfish. Business or political meeting are almost always aligned with eating times, whether it be breakfast, lunch, or dinner.

Breakfast is generally regarded as the most important meal in Roman culture. Traditionally, it is light in calories, but nutritious. The traditional breakfast usually includes porridge or bread, eggs, cheese with milk. Lunch is almost always a small snack rather than a meal, and frequently contain sweet fruit; although Romans trying to eat healthy will replace this with a vegetable. Dinner typically includes a small serving of meat, generally chicken, or seafood in place of meat, espicially common is fish, but can also include crab, lobster, or shrimp. In addition to either seafood or meat, porridge is commonly eaten with them. The main alcoholic beverage is watered-down wine, while for normal occasions, or beverages for children usually consist of water. Breakfast is usually eaten inside the home, lunch is usually eaten outside or in the thermae, and dinner is again eaten at the home.

For formal events, or when guests are invited over for dinner, families and their guests would recline on flat elevated couches, eating sideways. Children are generally not invited to these dinings and eat elsewhere. However, for casual meals, food is eaten around a table.

Clothing
Overwhelmingly, Roman clothing is loose-fitting, flowing, and rarely sewn together. Roman clothing is notable for staying steadfast in design throughout the ages, not changing or being altered very much. However, the Romans compensated blandness in hair. For women, hairstyle fashion can change in a matter of months, and men, facial hair. Toplessness is not a concern in Roman fashion, and is not viewed as sexual. Modern Roman clothing and culture is the combination of ancient Greek, Carthaginian, ancient Roman culture, mixed into one over the course of two thousand years. Roman clothing and the Romans themselves were renowned historically for being very sanitary, dumping their clothes into urine, which contains ammonia and taking daily or even bi-daily baths.

Undergarment
In summer, or during hot weather, men are free to not wear any bottom undergarments. In winter or while visiting cold climates, Roman men wear a subligar, a boxer brief, covering the nether regions.

Main Dress
Whether wearing a subligar or not, the most crucial and extremely common article of clothing for men is the tunic, a long, loose-fitting shirt. It can be worn in any length possible, even down to the ankles, with the most common length extending to the knees. Early in Rome's history, the length, style, and color of of stripes on the tunic indicated a person's place in society; however, this practice gradually disappeared over the years. Over the tunic, a belt can be worn on the waist, fastening the tunic. In the winter months, or in very cold climates, additional tunics may be worn over the original tunic, even up to four.

For formal wear, men wear a toga over the tunic; a long piece of cloth draped over the shoulders and around the body. It was usually woven from white wool, and was worn over a tunic. The toga was originally worn by both men and women, and as a practical work-garment. However, it slowly became voluminous, complex, and costly, eventually becoming strictly for stately processions, public debate, oratory, and other rather formal events. Originally, the most common style of toga was plain white, or had red fringes. This restriction on style eventually fell out of favor and faded out of use, allowing free design. Several major variants include: For a casual, but dignified look, Roman men wear a himation over a tunic as a cloak instead of wearing a toga, which is reserved for formal events. The himation starts off as a rectangular piece of fabric which is thrown over one shoulder, wrapped under the opposite shoulder, brought around the front, and wrapped around the same shoulder.
 * a pure white, bright toga, used for candidates for political office,
 * a dark, or pure black toga, used for mourning or for times of crisis. Specifically, it is used by politicians as a form of protest, disapproval, or despair.
 * For a long time after the fall of the Roman Empire to the Republican Revolution, the use of a fully-purple toga was punishable by death, which was previously worn by the emperor, who had become a hated figure.

Footwear
There is little distinguishing between male and female footwear in Roman clothing. Roman footwear can be divided into two main groups: sandals and boots. Both are flat soled. Boots, usually worn for outdoor use, can have cleats for grip and durability. Roman footwear is notable for its sophisticated strapwork and delicate cutting to create intricate decorative patterns. Indoors, Romans go barefoot to not track in dirt and to stay sanitary.

Other
Staying true to the traditions of ancient times, men do not wear anything when swimming, as it was dangerous to swim with clothes on before the development of modern fabrics. When at the public baths men are also nude. When exercising at a gymnasium, younger men also go about nude, however, being nude outside any of these places is disgraceful. When sleeping, a man usually wears a specific tunic just for sleeping.

Undergarment
Historically, upper-class women wore an upper undergarment called a mamillare wrapped around the breasts, a brasserie, but more of a binder, to prevent their breasts from growing too large, which was viewed as comical. However, the use of the mamillare fell out of use by approximately 800 AD due to inconvience; thus, many Roman women today wear no upper undergarment.

In addition to this, women also almost always wear a subligacula, an triangular bottom loincloth, covering the groin. Subligacula are worn regardless of what is worn over. As with the mamillare, the way in which it was made changed, along with the material it was made out of.

During winter or otherwise very cold weather, Roman women wear what would usually be men's clothing--a tunic, as an undergarment, extending down to the ankles.

Main Dress
The most common clothing among women is the ''chiton. The most commonly worn type of chiton, a Doric chiton'' starts out as a rectangular piece of cloth. If the woman wants to wear an over fold, the top part of wide rectangle is folded over. The woman holds the two long ends of the rectangle, wraps it around herself, and clips the ends together with a pin or button. The woman then puts her hand through an opening on the other side, brings it up to her shoulder, and then clips it. A belt is then placed below the breast or on the waist to control the fullness. This kind of chiton leaves one side of the body exposed, and is worn during warm weather. The Ionic chiton is a much more concealing version type of chiton. This type of chiton starts out with a much wider rectangular piece of cloth than the Doric chiton. When clipped on, instead of being sleeveless, it has sleeves extending from the shoulder to the wrist, being the main type of clothing during winter or cold weather. During the winter, ionic chitons are worn. If extremely cold, up to two or three tunics may be worn under the ionic chiton.

For formal wear only, Roman women wear a stola, a long, pleated dress, worn over an tunic to prevent chafing. The stola is generally sleeveless but versions of it have short or long sleeves. Like the doric chiton, the stola is fastened by pins on the shoulders. The stola typically has two belts. The first was worn just below the breasts creating a great number of folds. The second and wider belt is worn around the waist.

Younger women, during the summer or hot and humid days are always seen wearing a pani, a short and simply decorated skirt which is held up by a wide, decorative belt around the waist. The pani extends to right above the knees, which is why the pani is used in hot months and during athletic activities. The Pani is also worn topless.



Outerwear
For a cloak in cold weather or for other uses, women can wear the previously-discussed himation over a chiton or stola as a shawl. Heavier, longer himations are especially used as protection against rain over the head or by new mothers to wrap around an infant.

Footwear
Female footwear is the same as male footwear in Roman culture, although female boots are generally pointier as the ends.

Jewelry and Cosmetics
The only common form of jewelry is actually the pins that fasten women's clothing, often beautifully decorated. The only other common form of jewelry Roman women can also wear earrings, albeit only for formal events. Less commonly, or for formal events, women also can wear necklaces, pendants, bracelets, and rings. Make-up is only worn for formal events. Instead of make-up, Roman women rely on natural beauty. They instead spend time doing their hair, which fashion can change within months or even weeks.

Children
From the age that one can walk to the age of their marriage, both boys and girls wear a simple tunic for everyday wear, usually in a plain color and simply decorated, extending down to the ankles; over their respective bottom undergarment, a subligar for boys, and a subligacula for girls.

When swimming, exercising, playing sports, or otherwise doing similiar activities, Roman boys wear nothing and go about in the nude, a formerly Spartan-exclusive custom that became mainstream across Roman culture. Girls, for the same activities such as athletics or playing sports, wear a pani, a short dress worn topless, to cover the nether regions.

Men
A Roman man would usually get up early, wake his family, typically at dawn, eat breakfast with the family, and head out to work a six hour day, ending at noon. And so the vast majority of Roman workers would work all morning, adding to the wild hustle and bustle of the a town or city. During this time, high-level businessmen, instead of going to an office, invite clients to their house, where they greet them, recline, and discuss business. Men usually work the heavier, more stressful jobs in Roman society, such as doctors, engineers, or lawyers, and especially laborious jobs.

At the center of every Roman city or town, there stands a forum, a large pedestrian-only stone which contain all kinds of information, from announcements, politics, to advertisements. As soon as the working day ended, for most men, at noon, they went to the baths. Bathing is a social affair, always done with friends brought along. Younger men often spend time in the close-by gymnasium. After spending an hour or two, Romans exit the baths and have another two hours of leisure time, after which they return home for dinner, ending the day. Freetime for men often includes watching television (especially sports such as football) or movies, relaxing, hanging out with friends, or playing games. Typically, a man retires in his fifties.

Women
A Roman woman usually gets up at the same time as her spouse, and cooks breakfast for the household or family. After saying goodbye to her husband, if she has young children, she prepares them to be picked up by the bus for school. After this, she usually spends an hour or two back at home cleaning around, preparing dinner, or heading off to work if she has a job. After this, has until noon as free time. At noon, women bathe with the men, and younger women often visit the gymnasium close-by. After spending an hour in the baths, the average Roman women has about an hour before dinner as freetime again, after which she comes back home to prepare dinner, after which her workday is ended. After dinner, mothers often help children with homework. Freetime for women often includes watching television or  movies, going shopping, relaxing, and hanging out with friends. In Roman society, women have the most leisure time, especially if not working. Due to the expectation of having children, Roman women often have lighter, less stressful jobs such as hairdressing or becoming a secretary; although this is not an actual restriction, as many Roman women go on to become lawyers or doctors, especially if their husband is also one. Most Roman women (most of which do not have a job), retire in their thirties.

Children
A Roman child usually is woken up by the matriarch or patriarch of the household, eats breakfast, and heads off to catch the bus to arrive at school. Study of academic subjects carry on from arrival at school until dawn. From dawn until noon, students study academic subjects such as oratory or science. After noon, students change out of their clothes and visit the gymnasium for physical education, which is important in Roman culture. After an hour or two in the gymnasium, students would be sent to the school baths to bathe, after which they are sent home for dinner, ending the student day. Most Roman schools have all-year schooling, with the advent of the modern age, there is no longer a need for summer vacation; most schools follow a 45-15 plan, for every 45 days of school, there are 15 days of vacation.