635-700 Timeline (Pax Arabia)

The following is the timeline for the fall of Byzantium.

The Triple Alliance
Realizing that they couldn't conquer Byzantium on their own,the Muslims looked for allies starting in 635.They got these in and the.

Arab Conquest of Persia
In 633 AD,the Conquest had started but it wasn't until 636 that they made substantial gains.In 637 AD,Persepolis fell and the Sassanids were gone for good. Resistance continued until 639 AD however.

The Quadruple Alliance
Realizing that Byzantium was weak,the Exarch of Ravenna agreed to join the Triple Alliance.This made the Quadruple Alliance.The Exarch of Ravenna invaded and took the Duchy of Rome.The Exarch then declared himself Roman Emperor.The was restored! The Roman Emperor proceeded to win the Battle of Neapolis and take over Byzantine Italy,Salerno,and Benevento.The Battle of Syracuse resulted in the fall of Sicily to Roman Armies.

Fall of the Balkans
The Byzantines meanwhile faced the Avars at the disastrous Battle of Split.The Balkans were thus free to be roamed by Avar armies.The Avars took over the province of Dalmatia relatively quickly in 647 AD.The Balkans were completely conquered by the Avars in 649 AD.

Fall of the Levant
Meanwhile on the Levantine front,things were going well for the Byzantines.The Byzantines however aimed for a pitched battle and got it.The Byzantine defeat at the Battle of Antioch.The Battle of Jerusalem sealed the fate of the Levant in 653 AD.

Conquest of Numidia
Meanwhile the Mauretanians were making substantial gains.At the Battle of Constantine,the Mauretanians defeated the Byzantines.The Battle was in 655 AD.A peace treaty giving the Mauretanias and Numidia to the Mauretanians was signed in 657 AD.The Arabs meanwhile had won the Battle of Sinope and won more victory would give them Pontus.

Fall of the Mediterranean Isles
In 658 AD,the Battle of Sardinia was won by the Romans.Resistance continued in Malta and Sardinia until 659 AD.The Battle of Corsica was a Roman Victory and Resistance was gone for good.The Mediterranean Islands were Roman for good by 661 AD.That same year the Arabs conquered Pontus at the Battle of Trebizond.

Fall of Bithynia
In 663 AD,the Arabs won the Battle of Nicaea.The Byzantines were losing their grip on Bithynia.In 664 AD,the Arabs took Bithynia at the Battle of Nicomedia though resistance continued until 665 AD.

Conquests of Anatolia and Africa
In 666 AD,the Arabs turned south.The Romans meanwhile attacked Africa.The Battle of Carthage in 667 forced the Byzantines to abandon Africa.In 667 AD,the Battles of Ancyra and Iconium resulted in Anatolia falling to the Arabs.

Fall of Greece
In 667,the same year Anatolia fell,the Avars invaded and took the provinces of Thracia,Macedonia,and Epirus.The Avars continued to invade Greece.That same year, Achaea fell to Avar armies.In 668 AD,the last resistance from the Greeks was defeated.The Avars could now besiege Constantinople.

Fall of Constantinople,668
The joint Avar-Muslim army besieged Constantinople.The city held out until November.That month,Constantinople was sacked.The Emperor,Heraclius and a few of his troops escaped.The Capital of the Eastern Roman Empire was moved to Alexandria.

The End of the Eastern Roman Empire
In 669 AD,the Romans took Cyrenaica.Meanwhile,the Arabs conquered Alexandria.As a result the capital was moved to Memphis.In 670 AD,the Romans took Thebes and the Arabs advanced down the Nile.Finally in August,the capital of Memphis fell to the Arabs and Romans.The Treaty of Memphis was signed then.Its terms were the Arabs would be recognized as ruling Anatolia and the Levant,the Romans would be recognized as ruling Italy,Sicily,Sardinia,Corsica, and Africa as well as being recognized as independent.The Avars would be recognized as ruling the Balkans. Heraclius would be recognized as owning Cyrenaica and Egypt but had to tolerate Muslim missionaries.Heraclius would also have to recognize he ruled the not the.