Treaty of Ilhéus (Portuguese Butterfly)

The Treaty of Ilhéus is the treaty between the Portuguese Empire, the Free State of Brazil, and the Spanish Empire, signed in June 5, 1795 which recognized Brazil as an independent nation and ended the Brazilian War of Independence, de jure.

The treaty was ratified by the Brazilian Extraordinary Congress of Ministers, by the Prince Regent of Portugal, John IV (since his mother was suffering problems of mental illness), and by the King of Spain and Viceroy of Río de La Plata, Charles IV and Pedro Melo de Portugal. It entered into force on June 5, 1795, and proclaimed exactly one year later in Brazil, but proclaimed four months later in Portugal and Spain. The interests of mediate the conflict by the British monarch was to priorize the trade relations with Brazil, negotiate the abolition of slave trade and eventual protect of future conflicts.

Clauses

 * 1) His Most Faithful Majesty recognizes Brazil in the category of independent Republic and separated from the Kingdom of Portugal.
 * 2) TreatyOfIlheus_Acquirements_(JNW).png Kingdom of Portugal cede Bahya, Minas Geraes, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, Goyaz, São Paulo, São Pedro do Rio Grande and the district of Corumbá of Mato Grosso to Brazil, keeping the loyalist territories of Gran-Pará and Mato Grosso.
 * 3) The Kingdom of Spain and the Viceroyalty of Río de La Plata cede the territories of Sacramento, Chiquitos, Paraguay and Misiones to Brazil.
 * 4) The Extraordinary Council promises not to accept the proposal of any Portuguese Colonies to join the Free State of Brazil.
 * 5) There will now be peace and alliance and the most perfect friendship between the Kingdoms of Portugal and Spain and the Free State of Brazil with complete forgetfulness of the past disputes between the respective peoples.
 * 6) The Extraordinary Congress pledges to pay the sum of one million pounds sterling, or 40 tons of gold, as compensation, to the Kingdom of Portugal.
 * 7) The subjects of both Portuguese and Brazilian Nations shall be considered and treated in their respective States as those of the most favored and friendly nation, and their rights and properties religiously guarded and protected; It being understood that the present owners of real property shall be held in the peaceful possession of the same property.
 * 8) Trade relations between both Portuguese and Brazilian Nations will be restored from the outset, with all commodities repaying 25 percent of consumer rights provisionally; With the duties of re-exporting and re-exporting the same as that practiced before the separation.
 * 9) All ownership of real estate, or furniture and stocks, seized or confiscated, belonging to the subjects of both the sovereigns of Portugal and Brazil shall then be refunded, as well as their past income.
 * 10) All vessels and cargões apprehended, belonging to the subjects of both sovereigns, shall be similarly restituted or their owners compensated.
 * 11) A commission appointed by both Governments, composed of Portuguese and Brazilian nationals of equal numbers, and established by their respective Governments, shall be charged with examining the subject matter of Clauses IX and X;
 * 12) The reciprocal exchange of ratifications of this Treaty shall take place in the city of Ouro Preto within five months or shorter, if possible, from the date of signature of this Treaty. In witness whereof, we, the undersigned, the plenipotentiaries of His Most Faithful Majesty and the Extraordinary Congress of Ministers, by virtue of our respective full powers, have signed this Treaty with our fists, and have set the seal of our arms upon them. Done in the city of Ilhéus, on the 5th day of June, 1795.