Principia Moderni III (Map Game)

Principia Moderni, or "The Beginning of the Modern" in late Latin, was a map game beginning in the final days of the Middle Ages in Europe, and the early days of the Ming Dynasty in China - in 1400 CE, a turbulent era; in other words, an era of change; an era in which power is cemented. The first game was perhaps the most successful map game on the wiki in terms of length, finishing without dying and plausible expansions. However, it did have its problems, and has now finished. The second game, instead of being a worthy successor to the first, was marred by over-expansionism, feuds between players, ambiguity in the rules, which often caused controversy on wars between player nations, over-competitiveness and overall inactivity of the moderators, but was nevertheless successful in reaching the Modern Age. And thus, this third installment has been created. Welcome to Principia Moderni III!

Active

 * 1) Callumthered
 * 2) CrimsonAssassin (Moderator and Mapmaker, Leader of the Autobots)
 * 3) Edgeofnight
 * 4) EiplecOco (Mapmaker, Neutrality Bringer, Air Breather)
 * 5) Monster Pumpkin (Moderator-in-Chief)
 * 6) SkyGreen24 (Moderator, Algorithm Fixer, Mapmaker)
 * 7) Scrawland Scribblescratch (Mapmaker only)

Honourary

 * Andr3w777 (Moderator extraordinaire, Destroyer of Worlds)
 * AwesomePeruvian
 * Commandante Lemming
 * Cosman246 (creator of the first game)
 * CourageousLife
 * Collie Kaltenbrunner (Former Moderator-in-Chief, Assistant Mapmaker)
 * Detectivekenny (moderator-in-chief of the first game)
 * Fedelede
 * Feudalplague (Algo Mod, ASB Hunter, Mapmaker,  Emperor of the World )
 * Galaguerra1
 * LurkerLordB (moderator-in-chief of Principia Moderni II until about 1580)
 * NovaSims
 * PitaKang
 * Saamwiil (Moderator, Arbiter, Map editor)
 * Scandinator   (Mapmaker, Disaster Mod)
 * Sine dei gloriem (Moderator and Mapmaker)
 * VonGlusenburg

Current Map
Map rules: 
 * As a note to everyone, do not edit the map unless you are authorized as a mapmaker. Inability to follow this rule will be met with action.
 * Remember to align the map to the center.
 * Please use the posted map as the Base map for editing from now on.
 * All mods, please update the current map instead of adding a new file from now on, there is no need to have three files if two of them are unused.

Industrial Map as of 1889 

Sign-ups

 * See Also: Territories

Western Europe (France and Iberia)

 * French Empire/Monarchy
 * France - Graham Industries. Creating the future, today. (talk) 22:53, May 30, 2015 (UTC)
 * Andorra (Vassal of France) - Graham Industries. Creating the future, today. (talk) 22:53, May 30, 2015 (UTC)
 * Union of Lorraine
 * Kingdom of Rhenanie (French Rhineland) - Graham Industries. Creating the future, today. (talk) 22:53, May 30, 2015 (UTC)
 * Artois (Vassal of France) - Graham Industries. Creating the future, today. (talk) 22:53, May 30, 2015 (UTC)
 * Kingdom of Lower Burgundy (Personal Union with Rhineland) - Graham Industries. Creating the future, today. (talk) 22:53, May 30, 2015 (UTC)
 * French Mali (French Colony) - Graham Industries. Creating the future, today. (talk) 22:53, May 30, 2015 (UTC)
 * Kingdom of the Netherlands -
 * Luxembourg -
 * Portugal - Agent Fires
 * United Spain -

Northern Europe (Britain and Scandinavia)

 * Scandinavia
 * Denmark - Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svgLabarum.jpgCrimsonAssassin- I have special eyes
 * Sweden - Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svgLabarum.jpgCrimsonAssassin- I have special eyes
 * Norway - Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svgLabarum.jpgCrimsonAssassin- I have special eyes
 * Schleswig - Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svgLabarum.jpgCrimsonAssassin- I have special eyes
 * Albion - &#34;SO SAYETH THE EAGLE&#34; - Fascist Eagle ಠ_ಠ (talk) 19:00, May 25, 2015 (UTC)
 * Éire - &#34;SO SAYETH THE EAGLE&#34; - Fascist Eagle ಠ_ಠ (talk) 19:00, May 25, 2015 (UTC)
 * England - &#34;SO SAYETH THE EAGLE&#34; - Fascist Eagle ಠ_ಠ (talk) 19:00, May 25, 2015 (UTC)
 * Wales - &#34;SO SAYETH THE EAGLE&#34; - Fascist Eagle ಠ_ಠ (talk) 19:00, May 25, 2015 (UTC)
 * Dublin - &#34;SO SAYETH THE EAGLE&#34; - Fascist Eagle ಠ_ಠ (talk) 19:00, May 25, 2015 (UTC)
 * Scotland - &#34;SO SAYETH THE EAGLE&#34; - Fascist Eagle ಠ_ಠ (talk) 19:00, May 25, 2015 (UTC)

Central Europe

 * Swiss Confederacy-
 * Czechia -
 * Silesia -
 * United Commonwealth of Germany
 * Commonwealth State of Bavaria  - Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Commonwealth State of Austria  - Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Commonwealth State of Venezia  - Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Commonwealth State of Brandenburg  - Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Commonwealth State of Pomerania  - Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Commonwealth State of Bremen - Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Commonwealth Kingdom of Hamburg-Mecklenburg - I am that guy (talk)
 * Commonwealth Kingdom of Hanover - I am that guy (talk)
 * Commonwealth Kingdom of Rhineland-Westphalia - I am that guy (talk)
 * Commonwealth Kingdom of Prussia - I am that guy (talk)
 * Commonwealth Kingdom of Kuba - I am that guy (talk)
 * Commonwealth Duchy of Oldenburg - Callumthered (talk)

Southern Europe (Italy and the Balkans)

 * Roman (Byzantine) Empire - Monster Pumpkin
 * Croatian Archvoivodeship - SkyGreen24
 * Carantania
 * Lombardy - Scarlet Outlaw

Eastern Europe

 * Russia - Toby2: THEY CALL ME Mr. Awesome!!!
 * Pskov/Union of Konigsberg - -Lx (leave me a message)Azarath Flag.png
 * Ruthenia - Yank
 * Romania - Fallacyman (talk)
 * Poland - Willster22 (User talk:Willster22)
 * Tartary (Vassal of Russia) -
 * Slovakia -
 * Transylvania -

Anatolia and Caucasia

 * Kingdom of Armenia -
 * Kingdom of Georgia -

Mesopotamia

 * Grand Principality of Assyria -

Arabia

 * Hashemite Caliphate -

South Asia

 * Bengal Sultanate - ♣There is no good or evil: only power and those too weak to seek it♣
 * Bahmani Sultanate - ♣There is no good or evil:  only power and those too weak to seek it♣
 * Vijaynagara Rajya - ♣There is no good or evil: only power and those too weak to seek it♣
 * Udaipur Sultanate - ♣There is no good or evil: only power and those too weak to seek it♣
 * Punjab Confederacy - ♣There is no good or evil: only power and those too weak to seek it♣
 * Empire of Lanka -  Flippedlion.png NicDonalds, Beginning Editor  Talk Lionsymbol.png 03:36, May 12, 2015 (UTC)

East Asia

 * Western Chagatai Khanate --
 * Japanese Empire - KawaiiKame
 * Formosa - KawaiiKame
 * Yantai - KawaiiKame
 * Qingdao - KawaiiKame


 * Shanghai - KawaiiKame
 * Heinan - KawaiiKame
 * Paupa (Colony) - KawaiiKame
 * Kiamigutai (Colony) - KawaiiKame


 * Korea - Seiga
 * Mongol Khanate -
 * Tibet -
 * Shun China - So, Principia Moderni III, huh? Sounds good.

South-East Asia

 * Ayutthaya -
 * Loas -
 * Pegu -
 * Dawei -
 * Shan States -
 * Singapore (Spanish protectorate) - Scraw
 * Taungoo   -

Asian Islands

 * Aru -
 * Bima -
 * Bone -
 * Kutai -
 * Makassar -
 * Minahasa -
 * Dipa -
 * Pagaruyung -
 * Selebar -
 * Siak -
 * Spanish East Indies (Spanish colony) (may or may not include many other things on this list) - Scraw
 * Sukadang -
 * Tidore -
 * Tondo -
 * Tulang Bawang -
 * Timor -
 * Philippines (Japanese possession) - KawaiiKame

North Africa

 * Gasfa -
 * Kingdom of Algeria (Spanish protectorate) - Scraw
 * Kingdom of Morocco -
 * Zab -

West Africa

 * Igala -
 * Jenne -
 * Kanem Empire -
 * Kwararafa -
 * Mema -
 * Salum -
 * Siine -
 * Songhay -
 * Takur -
 * Tuareg -
 * Wolof - Reme
 * Kingdom of the Kongo -

South Africa

 * Great Zimbabwe -
 * on -
 * Cape Ferdinand (Andean Protectorate) - ~Edge
 * Maravi Confederacy -

East Africa

 * Aleppraqht -
 * Al-Somal -
 * Mogadishi -
 * Iritriya -
 * Ethiopian Empire - g greg e
 * Interlacustrine States (fragmented) -
 * Empire of Madagasikara -
 * Swahili City-States
 * Al-Swahili -
 * Dar es Salaam -
 * Kilwa -
 * Kilwa -

Oceania

 * Marrikuwuyanga -
 * New Mecklenburg: I am that guy (talk)
 * Hawaii -

Borealia

 * Reme - Saturn120 18:27, April 4, 2015 (UTC)
 * Algonquian Sachemate -Shikata ga nai!
 * Sahtudene - Shikata ga nai!
 * United Commonwealth of Borealia - Nathan1123 (talk)

Lower Borealia

 * Cuba (territory of Hamburg) - I am that guy (talk)
 * Mexaca - Spartian300

Hesperia

 * Andea: #PraiseRoosevelt. 11:03, June 17, 2015 (UTC)
 * Empire of Brazil: Fritzmet (talk)
 * Kingdom of Guiana (Independent Brazilian Satellite):
 * Emeraldie  - Dreamcaster1 (talk) 16:36, May 31, 2015 (UTC)

Wall of Shame
This list is for users currently prohibited from participating in the game.
 * User: Arceus The God of Pokemon : permanent ban for sockpuppetting on the first game.
 * User: Eldwolf : permanent ban for deleting the entire page of the first game and replacing it with profanities.
 * User: Twisty123456789 : permanent ban for sockpuppeting on the second game.
 * User: Ratc3333 : permanent ban for sockpuppeting.
 * User: Vivaporious : permanent ban for ignoring mods, excessive implausibility and inability to remain civil with other players.

1900
''' Welcome to the last full century of playing. Make it a good one. '''

''' The world's first true flight occurs in the southern Reman Empire, where the Franqi brothers are successful in having their craft fly for twelve seconds. However, a month later the Pskovite Kandinsky Aeronaucis Co. tests a craft that is able to fly for slightly longer and faster, establishing a lead in aeronautics. '''

''' What the above event means is that yes, you can begin building airplanes. However, keep progress realistic, and don't go around expecting to develop planes for war outside of scouting just yet. Humans are smart, but not that smart. '''

What about the Olympics?

'''Results incoming tomorrow evening. -MP'''

'''Electricty wouldn't catch on so quick. Stop it. Also no movies yet. That didn't start to 1905 otl. ~Edge'''

''' Bavarian Governor Felipe DiRegenati wins the 1900 German Chancellery elections. The campaign was very close, with Friedrich von Gustrow and DiRegenati neck and neck throughout the race. With this revelation, many pundits and politicians point to the little spotlight Oldenburger politician Friedrich Schumacher received, noting that since he is from Oldenburg, and not from the larger powers of Hamburg and Bavaria, he is destined to not receive enough attention or votes, and thus, will be destined to lose each election. This causes many in Oldenburg ,  citizens and politicians alike,   to campaign for more political visibility and relevance in Germany. '''
 * United Commonwealth of Germany:  Pop: 66 million; Capital: Marystadt; Chancellor: Gustrow, since 1897
 * Commonwealth Duchy of Oldenburg: The Neu Norderney Landtag invites Nobawsit to Jacqueline to discuss his concerns, and if he does so they are more than willing to ignore his treasonous act of taking up arms against the government. They point out to him and to the Algonquian government that over the past two years, the Landtag has been making great leaps in Beothuk welfare with the creation of the Beothuk Autonomous Territory in Southern Neu Juist, the establishment of a separate, Beothuk-run judicial system for Beothuk, as well as the passing this year of a bill setting aside three seats in the Landtag for native representatives. The Landtag will also happily listen to any concerns the Innu may have. The Duke also kindly asks Algonquia to please stop inciting and arming armed rebel groups within Oldenburger territory (I'm not entirely sure whether your actions are within the scope of the rules), and also so stop spreading lies regarding Oldenburg's "non recognition" of Beothuk existence, something clearly repudiated by the government's actions of recent years. In metropolitan Oldenburg, the new century is brought in with style in rooftop celebrations throughout the capital. A small but committed number of Oldenburger athletes take part in the Olympics this year, and will no doubt do their Duke and Emperor proud. People are also wowed and amazed by the discovery of powered flight, and much interest into flight is generated in the country.
 * Algonquia will do so when Oldenburg has restored the lands it has appropriated from the Beothuk and paid restitution for the damage done to their culture, language and people by European repression. Given that Oldenburg has only addressed their concerns in any way after the Beothuk took up arms, it sadly seems that the only thing that could bring these concerns to Oldenburger attention is violence.
 * Oldenburg Algonquia clearly doesn't understand the concept of an Autonomous Territory. Within the territory (which makes up a large portion of Neu Juist (remember the Beothuk are only from Newfoundland), governance is in the hands of an elected Beothuk Council. With the Judicial reform, any Beothuk committing any crime anywhere in Neu Norderney/Juist can opt to be tried under Beothuk customary law. (Now look, short of actually just giving them independence, they, you've GOT to admit, are pretty big steps which I Doubt any otl nation has rolled out so quickly). Oldenburg also points out that the Beothuk need only have raised their concerns peacefully, but certain sectors of their community seem to have over leapt that step straight to armed rebellion, in no small part due to Algonquian support. (Also, just to note, wouldn't the camps across the border be in Dutch territory?)
 * To clear up: It is only allowed if it is plausable and there is an anti-government faction to support. You can't make things up.
 * Well Kras rocked up last turn and invented a Beothuk resistance movement out of thin air... if that sort of thing is allowed, I am genuinely surprised the game hasn't become an anarchy of nations inventing rebellions in other nations Callumthered (talk) 22:00, June 16, 2015 (UTC)
 * Algonquia owns the rest of Newfoundland. Also, you've never addressed any of their concerns for ... several centuries. A long time. So I'd describe armed resistance as both justified and plausible.
 * Aah, I was just going by the map, my mistake. Callumthered (talk) 01:17, June 17, 2015 (UTC)
 * Commonwealth States of Bavaria, Austria, Venezia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, and Bremen:  The Augsburg Diet continues to operate, being able to pass universal female suffrage in 1896. In military news, Heinrik Paks allows his war ministers to arm the border of Bavaria and France, seeing as how war becomes more likely each passing day. In political news, Governor-General Felipe DiRegenati wins the 1900 elections, and resigns his position as Governor-General on December 1, 1900. Since his Vice-Governor Mikael Amherst-Verner was on the same ticket, there is some confusion on who the new Governor-General should be. Heinrik Paks, Bavarian foreign secretary, is appointed by the Augsburg Diet to serve as interim chancellor, until a new one can be voted in in 1902.
 * Indian Empire: Queen Nur Jehan was proclaimed the Empress of India in 1888, starting a new era. The Indian population rose to about 331,772,000, and the flocking of the people to coastal cities continued, with a mass increase of population in Kolkata, Mahmudpur, Karachi, Mumbai, Surat and various other minor cities and townships throughout the state. The Indian army, equipped with semi-modern armaments stood at 720,000 troops with an additional 250,000 reserves whilst the Imperial Guard was composed of 20,000 troops and the armament industry thrived on local and national level, with armaments rarely imported from foreign nations. The Indian navy experimented on ironclads and had started production of larger classes of steam engine ships, churning out first rate ironclads for various fleets, and more third rates, and fourth rates with the occasional second rate to augment the smaller patrol fleets with 40% of the national navy harboured at the Andaman and Kolkata ports. In agriculture was the largest economic focus of Bengal, exporting various crops to foreign nations with the international jute and cotton textile production largely under Indian control. Along the same time, the Indian Renaissance were in full swing, with movements such as the Young India movement having aided in national modernisation and a massive rise in literacy and education. Moreover, promotion of industrialisation and capitalism allowed the Imperial authorities to construct a Trans-National Railway, connecting the entire Empire as well as introduction of many other commodities such as telephones, bulbs, electricity. We attack Burma . [Mil/Eco Turn]
 * Khedivate of Bahamani: The Capital of Bahamani was Hyderabad and the population was 68.2 million. The Bahamani military was modernised, standing at roughly 80,000 and a major port and naval base was constructed at Mahmudpur, with 25% of the national navy harboured at Bahamani ports. In the economic sector, rice played the role as a major food crop to be exported. However, other important crops such as cotton, sugar cane, mango and tobacco maintained a major presence in Bahamanis exports as well. About the same time, the Bahamani textile and fishery industries reached new heights.
 * Khedivate of Punjab: The Capital of Punjab was Lahore and the population was 48.8 million. The Punjabi military was modernised, standing at roughly 160,000. In the economic sector, wheat played the role as a major food crop to be exported. However, other important crops such as rice, cotton, cotton and ruits maintained a major presence in Punjabs exports as well. About the same time, the Punjabi rock-salt, sugar and leather industries were of significant importance as well.
 * Khedivate of Vijaynagar: The Capital of Vijaynagar was Coimbatore and the population was 38.4 million. The Vijaynagari military was modernised, standing at roughly 120,000 with 15% of the national navy harboured at Vijaynagari ports. In the economic sector, rice played the role as a major food crop to be exported. However, other important crops such as tea, sugar cane, mango and tobacco maintained a major presence in Vijaynagars exports as well. About the same time, the Vijaynagari fishery and leather industries were of significant importance as well.
 * Indian Overseas Territories: Aceh, Mauritius, Tromelin and Reunion.
 * Korea: Korea continues to build up its military. Meanwhile, more Taoist and Buddhist temples are built. Taoism rises in popularity and gains more followers. Regular (read: not Imperial) Shinto gains a few more followers as well, mainly along the coastline in Southeastern Korea, particularly in Busan, Jejudo, Ulsan, and the coastal cities and coastal towns of Southern Gyeongsang Province. Mahayana Tao-Shintoism also continues to grow, and begins gaining followers from the areas where Shinto is growing, with some Shintoists switching to Mahayana Tao-Shintoism. The military in the colony of Haejagang (해자강) continues to be on high alert and continues to heavily patrol the Korean settlements. Meanwhile, industrialisation and modernisation continues in Korea (similar to OTL Japan's Meiji Restoration). Monarch Hyomyeong continues investing in technology and science.
 * Lombardy: Our military is continuing to increae due to tensions rising in Europe. Factories mostly make weapons for our military. With the increase of factories in the nation, more jobs are being made. The employment rate has continue increase in the nation. Agriculture is our second best industry in the nation. The railway industry is continuing to work on improving the tracks. Theaters showing films continue to become popular in the nation. Doctors are now continue to use X-rays to see the inside of people. Trade goes well with the Roman Empire. Since other European nations are building airplanes, our nation makes planes too. The navy continues to make ships for trade and for future tensions. The king's son Mario is born.
 * Stop undoing my scratches. ~Edge
 * United Nordic Republics
 * ​Republic of Denmark: The repair of Copenhagen continues this year. Hans Kuschek continues to lead the free people of Denmark with a 63% approval rating. Denmark continues sending troops to Iceland as the Winter War draws to a close. With the Treaty of Rekyjavik being signed, Denmark applauds Iceland's efforts in its victory against Borealia and Algonquia. It eagerly anticipates a return to peace. Roads are repaired in Jutland after the winter as docks are serviced. In the meantime, a telephone line is established between Zealand and Jutland, allowing for faster communication. A phone line across the Kattegat is planned as early as 1884. A new protected cruiser class, the Stejlt-Class, is produced. The Stejlt-Class is replacing the Jernskrog-Class cruiser, which saw heavy action during the Nordic Revolutions. There are over 200 ships in total flying Danish colors.
 * Republic of Sweden: Rebuilding efforts in Stockholm continues. Three former members of the Reiksdag of Sweden are found and beheaded in Copenhagen. The Intemerhuvudsak is invented. This device beheads people quickly and painlessly. Construction on the new Riksdag Building continues  in Stockholm. The roads to Finland and Norway are repaved. These roads, which saw extensive damage due to weathering and the Nordic Revolutions, are in dire need of repair. Currently, the Riksdag is dominated by the Social Democratic party, with a whopping 82% of popular vote going to the Social Democratic party of Sweden. Juhanni Eriksen remains in power. Sweden adopts the Stejt-Class protected cruiser. Currently, there are 93 ships in total flying Swedish colors. The military of Sweden improves.
 * Republic of Norway: Christjen Sigurson continues his term as president of the Norwegian Republic. Norway produces the Knulleskipetditt-Class protected cruiser, deciding the Stejt-Class is unfit for patrolling the North Sea and the open waters. Three are produced. In the meantime, Norway sends troops to the cause in the Winter War, congratulating Iceland on a victory. Christjen Sigurdson states the necessity of good relations with Algonquia and Borealia following this war. "Now that we've settled these differences, let's get back to making money." There are currently 193 ships flying Norwegian colors.
 * Republic of Finland: Jonna Kekkonnen visits the Karelian cities this year. She wishes to improve the cities of Karelja, forming the Karelja Initiative. In the meantime, landlines to Sweden and Norway are proposed. Construction is mid-way by Christmas this year. She sends money and foodstuff to Helluland in the Winter War. The Anaalihävityksen-Class protected cruiser is commissioned, though Finland is more interested in buying used ships from the Nordic Revolutions where applicable. The city of Helsinki sees drastic growth this year as urbanization in Finland continues. Kekkekon continues to fight for women's rights. There are 73 ships in Finland's navy. In the meantime, seeing Reme's success with powered flight, Finland considers recreating the experiment.
 * Commonwealth of Iceland: Iceland's immediate concern, the Winter War, seems to be over. The people of Iceland rejoice. Literacy programs in Iceland begin. According to the Alting, too many people 'can't figure out how to spell our damn words right.' Reykyjavik sees improvements this year. The University of Reykyjavik opens its doors in 1881. The university is noted for being the 'North Pole of Academia.' Speaking of the North Pole, expeditions are sent to the Arctic ice cap to investigate the North Pole. The navy of Iceland improves, with the Augapóker-Class cruiser being released this year. Iceland wishes to increase relations with Algonquia and Borealia, offering to re-open the embassy in Helluland and Rekyjavik.
 * Romania: In Moldavia and Dobruja, we begin agricultural industrialisation. We build more factories in our nation. More collectivisation occurs. Tractors begin to be used in farms. We export many agricultural goods to our Communist allies.
 * Romanian Dip: We ask for technological support from Communist nations.
 * Borealia_Flag_2.pngUnion of Borealia: Both the economy and military improve across all the provinces of the Union. The thriving industries now run entirely on petroleum, procured from the oil collected from Alaska and California. While the traditional hearts of each city, particularly New Vienna, continue to reflect the same idyllic Baroque style, newer expansions to these urban centers are packed with factories and other industrial equipment. Cities recently built in southern California and northern Alaska are much more developed, as some parts of the Kiatagmiut province are almost unrecognizable. The economy of the Union stems from the exportation of natural resources. San Francisco and Mamterlliq continue to be the main centers of the gold trade, while oil wells begin to speckle the coastal range of California. More oil wells are built in Upper Alaska, bringing entrepreneurs to that region. Large monopolies on lumber and animal products are also prevalent in Santiago and Pannenstiel. All of these businesses are connected with diesel trains that span the continent. As the various earlier philosophies continue to grow and factionalize, these turn into competing ideas that promote further progression and ingenuity from the younger generation. More films are made this year, rivaling radio entertainment. New Munich becomes the first city partially run on electrical power, and now light bulbs begin replacing gas lamps. As scientists explore mechanisms at smaller levels, it is theorized that all matter behaves like a particle and wave. Machine guns continue to improve with Andean supplies. X-rays are being used to interpret internal injuries. Submarines begin to be built for the purpose of breaking through northern ice caps. We continue to uphold the New Munich Declaration along with Algonquia, Reme, Mexaca, and Arcadia. An organization for promoting peace in the Pacific is established, whose members currently include Korea, China and Ayutthaya.  As more industrial goods continue to pour in from Reme, Borealian entrepreneurs begin selling more oil, gold, lumber, and livestock to the East Coast. In the New Munich Olympics and World's Fair, representatives from as far as Japan and Morocco are introduced to the electronic wonders of the modern world, including light-bulbs, telephones and kinetiscopes. Industrial goods are sent to Brazil and China to improve their respective economies. Support continues to be given to the Republican rebels in China. San Francisco continues to improve earthquake-proofing technology. Borealia requests if Andea would be interested in reviving the Union of Borealia and Hesperia, this time as a greater organization overseeing both the New Munich Pact and the Hesperian League. 
 * The State of Australia: The ports continue to be expanded and the new city of Dandiri is built on the Pacific Coast. As more businesses are taken up by Muslim natives, the German colonists begin migrating to the new communities farther inland. Schools and media centers are established that teach Borealianist philosophy along with essential education. An irrigation program continues to be designed, with the hopes of aiding settlements in the outback. Supplies and engineers are continually sent to the Timor Sultanate to improve their industry.
 * The Borealian Maritime Territory: Naval bases continue being built to enforce claims on several islands (from OTL Palau to Fiji). A major naval base is constructed on the Island of Midway in the Republic of Hawaii. Another major naval base is constructed in Fiji to complement the base in Midway. As trade in the Pacific grows, the Borealian navy establishes control over Hupuku Island (OTL Campbell Island) and begins exploring more of Western Antarctica. Plans begin to be made to establish a temporary base on the Western Peninsula (OTL Palmer Land). 
 * Colony of Kinshasa: A slow stream of people seeking work and adventure continues to arrive at the African Territory. Houses continue to be built, but the vast majority of people working at the local mining business originate from local African villages.
 * Andea accepts, and proposes the The Fourth Treaty of Chan Chan to establish said alliance.
 * Ruthenia: The Ruthenians continue to expand industry as a way to repair the economy after the end of the war. More and more people move to the city from the country in pursuit of jobs.
 * Algonquian public opinion becomes increasingly inflamed as Oldenburg continues to act as if the Beothuk and Innu are interlopers in their own land. This is reflected when the results for the regional elections come in, in which Nobawsit wins election as Sachem of Nitassinan, the northern half of Kolossland, despite being foreign-born. Now legitimized, he proceeds to raise the public profile of the Beothuk Nationalist Front, pressuring the High Sachem into giving further support to it, including Uzvards guns and even some of the new breechloading howitzers. The BNF’s camps along the border continue to grow. In a highly publicized speech, Nobawsit refuses the Oldenburger government’s request. He states “Why should I place myself into their hands? What the Oldenburgers take hold of they do not let go. They name me treasonous, when I owe nothing and have no obligation to their government. The lands of our people are trod by the feet of foreigners, the bones of my ancestors plowed up and their graves buried beneath the churches of foreign gods, and what do they offer us? The chance to have partial autonomy on a tiny portion of our own land?” The largely Beothuk inhabitants of the region are enthused, as are many Innu and even Cree and Ojibwe. Meanwhile, Algonquian athletes travel to the Olympics, while new minelayers continue to be launched. Algonquia is increasingly appalled at the brutality Mexaca used to suppress its revolution, noting that much of it occurred against the indigenous population in the nation's southern portion. It suspects the civil war was pretext of the government's for suppressing pro-independence sentiment among the indigenous population.
 * Sahtudene expands the max amount east, as does Kitlineq.
 * Lukaian continues to grow cash crops and even industrializes to a small degree.
 * Morocco: The Sultanate of Morocco continues to improve its economy, infrastructure and build up its military, mainly the army and navy. Morocco continues to westernize the nation and the population continues to grow by adding 300,000 people every year. The population of Morocco now stands at 10.6 million people, while the number of military troops stands at 94,000 soldiers. Number of ships active in Moroccan Navy stands at 40 ironclad ships and 14 frigates. Morocco now has an 1100 px way south in chance to meet and conquer those remaining West African tribes, a new colonization act is signed by Sultan Abdelaziz, expanding the nation faster by 2000 px per year. AS well with a few new cities are built, roads and railroads are built between old and new cities. Fewer schools, museums, colleges and more houses, hospitals, power plants and mining plants are built. The mining plants produces materials coal, iron and now gold and copper, which later used as products from industries. Industry continues improving and few factories are built along in cities, creating jobs for people of Morocco. A few docks and mosques are built. Artillery become more widely used in combat and some industries continues building a series of wartime artillery, which later added it to Moroccan Armed Forces. Meanwhile, few new trains are produced and one new railway line are opened in service. Sultan Abdelaziz continues to plan new reforms for Morocco and continues investing heavily in technology and science. Morocco continue improving relations with Roman Empire and France to seek friendly alliances in future. Morocco asks to buy Hamburg's colony Williamsburg from United German Kingdoms for just xxx falus. When finally the 20th century is reached, the Moroccan government changes its national flag by adopting green pentagram and becomes, as we know it, more useful to present days. Morocco also in same year adopted its first and latest coat of arms. The largest city Casablanca now completely ran on electricity as more power planets are built along cities. 
 * Andea: The Nation of Andea rapidly expands its industry, with a growing call for labour rights. The average yearly wage increases to 550 reals, and for the first time the government set a yearly minimum wage of 300 reals per year (for adults working full time jobs). The cost of living remains low, at roughly 1000 reals, with some areas having as low as 670 reals and as high as 8000 reals. City living becomes more popular, as more jobs emerge in the industrial sector of the economy. The cities of Chiribaya-Cuzco, Peru and Nazca all have populations Greater than one million. Cuzco Now has a population greater than two million. New Burgandy also grows to a population of 600,000. The military stands at 550,000 men, with service remaining compulsory. Population continues to grow steadily, with the population standing at 63.7 Million and rising steadly. The telephone/communications industry continues to grow under a few large monopolies. This industry trend is not unique to, but most notable in the Communications Industry. The Hesperia First Party continues to gain political steam, while the Nationals and Republicans lose more and more power. The Republican Party wins the presidency and the Upper House of the Senate. The Communist and Socalist parties also see significant gains, gaining one seat each. The Hesperia First party gains 18 seats, and the Nationals lose 33 seats. The Navy expands rapidly, with the introduction of Armored Cruisers and Greek fire. The Army also expands, with the adoption of the Galvin 2, an improved version of the Galvin Repeater. A new rifle, the Grant-Ramon Rifle, is adopted into the Andean military. Census results, combined with government estimates, place the number Andeans (Quechua, Mapuche or Mestizo) at 63% of the nations population, with the next largest group being Spanish (13%), French (9%), German (6%), East Asian (5%), and other (4%). Census results find that the fastest growing ethnic group is East Asian. Andea begins work on the Canal project, dubbed the Emerald Canal.
 * Protectorate of Cape Ferdinand: The Protectorate, now free of the Dutch, begins an expansion of its navy and military. An Andean garrison of 35,000 men is stationed in the territory, with an additional 5000 local troops. The territory remains a critical location for travel. Population stands at 105,000. An additional force of 50,000 men is stationed in the territory.
 * Mexaca is recovering from the civil war, which is now over. The Socialist Republics of Mexaca have been defeated, and now the empire rebuilds.
 * Brazil: With military personnel having firmly secured Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands, construction begins on a military base at Guam, and local governments are established to rule over the territories. Settlement of the Amazonas continues, spearheaded by the efforts of Cândido Rondon and the Seringueiros. Our nation experiences increasing problems in Central Hesperia, as the civil war in Mexaca threatens to disrupt our trade with Borealia. Additionally the announcement of a socialist government is frowned upon by the Brazilian government, which believes such a move would promote similar policies in Hesperia. With the threat of Communist nations and their allies seemingly increasing in Europe, there is a desire to subdue such a nation from expanding in the western hemisphere as well. The majority of Brazilian naval assets are transferred to the Imperial Sea or northern Brazil, in order to monitor the situation and prevent further violence. While patrolling off the coast of Roatán, near northern Emeraldie, several Mexacan ships open fire on our ships. A few casualties are reported, however a decisive engagement is avoided. After this incident we begin supporting democratic elements in the nation that are counter to the socialist government. Financial aid and advisors are provided to the Mexacan opposition, called the Partido Liberal Mexicano. Skirmishes in the far south spill over into Emeraldie, further instigating violence, especially after the Brazilian government is led to believe socialist insurgents may be infiltrating northern Emeraldie to establish training camps. We begin mobilizing our reserves, preparing for a possible action in Central Hesperia. Popularity in football continues to grow across our nation and Hesperia, and in São Sebastião the Estádio de São Pedro Apóstolo is completed.
 * Emeraldie:  New construction starts on the nation's ports, farms and mines to increase the nation's exports and economic strength.  The government enacts major overhauls to the nations military, particularly its navy, part of which includes the construction of several modern ironclads and three armoured cruisers. The land forces is reorganised to include 90,000 men, with 70,000 in reserve.  Vast industrial expansion occurs in the region following years of government encouragement and subsidies, to match this, the government begins to build the transnational railway which will connect all major cities and existing railways in the nation.  We expand 800 px into the continent's interior. Work begin on construction of the Panama Canal and the first oil wells are built in the nation.
 * Emeraldie Pacific Territories: The more colonists and missionaries arrive in the region after the Emeraldian government portrays the territories as a lush tropical paradise. The South Pacific station is expanded with new modern ships. The territory government is granted the ability to control a small armed force to maintain peace in the region and protect from native aggression, its current numbers are around 2700 men.
 * Ban Republic of Croatia (Banska Republika Hrvatska): Sewerage systems similar to Ragusan ones are built in major towns of the Archvoivodeship. With growing Ragusan influence, and the beginning of further colonization, the navy expands rapidly using much of the Ragusan expertise. Moreover, with the influx of new resources in form of lumber, labour and metals, the navy begins expanding at a fast rate. More and more ships capable of crossing the Atlantic with ease are built. The Sabor intends to restore the glorious naval culture of the Neretva peoples and plans to do so by expanding the navy. The kravata (tie) is more and more used as an accessory. Trade routes are strengthened and the salt mines around Tuzla are explored as well as the salt industry in Pag and Nin. Using irrigation from the Danube, Sava, Drava, Drina, Cetina, Una, Vrbaš, Kupa, Neretva and other rivers the fields in the kingdom are developed, used for crops such as wheat, rye and barley. With trade routes increasing and Croatia entering an era of peace and of stability, the development of new trade ships is issued. Stone mining is furthered as well as the timber industry. The need for these resources rises as urbanization carries on. Iron ores in Dugopolje, Zenice and at last the 'mud' ore in Vojvodina and Eastern Slavonia are to be exploited alongside the silver and copper ores more frequently and of better quality than the iron ores. The exploitation of iron ores in the Lika and Gorski kotar areas continues. The salt industry in Ston is funded by the government. The influx of resources from Dahomey aids the economy. However, the government makes sure that the gold arriving isn't immediately put on the market in order to control the inflation in the worth of gold. The silver mine in Srebrenica is mined. Kotor Saraka (Adelaide) continues to expand. A man named Mikula Milutin Draganić from Zadar begins catching the attention of the government after he begins claiming that he could redesign generators to be more efficient. By the end of the year, through help of government funds, he designs the so called Draganić coil.
 * Županija Dahomey: The natural resources are quickly put to use, such as coconuts, cotton both refined and raw as well as the gold. Finally, the wood industry prospers as materiel is needed for new ships that would help keep the connection between Croatia and Dahomey strong.
 * Isles of the Archvoivodeship (Otoci Nadvojvodstva): The infrastructure is built up.
 * Županija of Hercules Pillars' (Županija Herkulovih Stupova): The županija's pivotal position as a trade nod creates an a sufficite allowing for the economy to expand.
 * Ban Republic of Carantania (Banska Republika Karantanija): Being Alpine Slavic nation, the leaders begin a programme to create a standardized Carantanian language that will reflect on both the Slavic and Alpine (Germanic) aspects of Carantania.
 * Sukadang Županija: Croatization. Expansion onto the other parts of Borneo.
 * Spain: The nation continues to prosper as a center of the arts and learning. The construction of new buildings, roads and other infrastructure continues. Spanish merchants and emissaries continue to sail around the world to expand the reach of Spain in terms of wealth and diplomatic connections. Spain also becomes a place where artists and intellectual minds meet and do things. It is cool. Due to the burgeoning growth of the economy, new jobs created in the five major cities led to more people moving to the cities. The buildings rise higher and the trains run faster, especially in the major cities such as Zaragoza, Barcelona and Madrid. Cars and railways and all sorts of cool modern stuff. Spain continues to lay claim to Antarctica and continues to push for the completion of the Trans-European rail link from Zaragoza to Paris to Marystadt so that the eastern part (Poland-Rome/Pskov) and the western part (Lisbon-Zaragoza). The construction of ships and weaponry continues. Aragon takes all the people from Edgistan. Boats and guns. Spain begins to commission destroyers and increases the number of battle ready battleships in the Royal Armada. More artillery stuff. Prince Bruno takes to the streets of Madrid at night and fights crime at night. In honor of Balthasar the Batman, he dresses up as a bat at well. The Spanish government condemns the Communists. Spain continues to seek out dissenters in Communist France to weaken the French government's strength. Spain proposes the formation of an anti-Communist league. Spain also seeks the return of Gibraltar and Ceuta from Croatia. The Spanish colony of West Africa expands 8000 px north. Spanish West Africa declares war on the two local West African nations. #NoMoreWikiaChanges
 * ​Algeria expands 5000 sq km south as part of the nationalistic campaign to become a great nation on the African continent. Military technology is brought in from Spain, as well as other things. Prime Minister Moulin continues to push his vigorous economic reform ideals to great success. He is celebrated as a visionary thinker for the new century, although many of his right wing critics believe he is spending too much money. Algeria meets a small economic crisis, and Moulin and his policies are blamed for it by his opponents.
 * Singapore: Singapore also begins to develop naval technology to protect its economic interests with the aid of Spain. Singapore also greatly benefits from the newly re-invigorated trade in the region. Singapore builds new infrastructure with its wealth and the General-Secretary's five-year growth plan continues. Singapore is generating wealth and its economy remains in a good state as Singapore begins to return to promise as a great economic hub of the east.
 * In the Grand Union (Pskov), the GDP rises along with average wages. The Inter-Republic Road network is expanded. The Science and technology aspect of Pskov is not overlooked either. As prosperity in the nation increases, the amount of money and new people investing in institutions of higher learning. As such, the various schools that existed in Nizhegorodsk-Na-Narve unite and form the "University of Nizhegorodsk", beginning a rivalry between it and Pskov. The idea of currency reform, to reform it to a decimal system is put out, in order to simplify much trade (even though it is already simple enough with multiples of 20). Zlatobrezhie becomes wealthier and wealthier as more people get used to over one hundred years of Pskovian governance. The Uzvards-Glinka Firearms Co. expands as more government contracts are heading their way for the production of the GUA-91 machine gun to replace older Uzvards models.Many more Einzbern model-93s are produced for the armed forces in industrial plants. More electric power stations are built as cities are electrified. Einzbern makes a new model of bolt-action rifle that is slightly more reliable, and is named the model-96, and made for sharpshooter divisions. Some even try to attatck spyglasses, called "scopes" for increased range. These Units begin to be known as "sniper" units. The Conservatives set up another "International Slavic Congress", and invites representatives from all slavic nations to join a celebration of traditions that unite all slavs in Pskov. The Grand Union looks to the east with despair. The Grand Union sends agents into Russia for the smuggling of human refugees fleeing the "red terror", and for funding militant organizations in Poland secretly (oi, will you do it to me first?) Fortifications are built along the demilitarized zone, and some schools begin to "black out" captured areas on maps, calling them the "occupied territories". The border with Russia and Poland are strengthened along the demilitarized zone, which is quickly becoming, quite ironically, one of the most militarized zones in the world (due to lots of "you put one unit, I put two" mentality on both sides). The Jacobeit Airship Co. continues to construct new and improved airship models. Leibnitz and AVA continue their rivalry, while the motorcycle becomes a bit more popular. After the Succes of the Kandinsky Avia-1, Kandinsky garners mush attention from the government, who present him a medal for his succeses, and emplore him to continue his research, giving him a substantial grant. The Avia-2 is tested this year, and this biplane is even more powerful than the Avia-1. More testing and designing ensues, as this visionary pursues his passion for aviation. The dawn of the 20th century is celebrated by the opening of an electrified subway in the city, named the Pskov Metropolitain Underground Train, or simply the Metro, and is taken by many people to get from place to place. It is a smashing success, bringing new revenue to the city. Elections are held this year, and the Christians manage to hold on to their government, but barely. They loose many seats, and are able to hold onto power by promising to compromise on many things, and by winning the support of the Lithuanian Nationalists, who promised not to vote against them in a no-confidence motion. The Real winners of the Election are the New Democrats, who won over many workers with their Pro-Union stance. The liberals faced similar fates, with most anti-union members being replaced by socialists or other parties, and pro-union candidates being elected, gaining the Union Liberals over third-fourths of the caucus. The Final Results are as Follows: A True Minority Government is formed with 402 seats by a Coalition of the Christian Social Union, controlling 286 seats and the National Conservative Party, controlling 116 seats. The Opposition is represented in an official capacity by the United Liberal Party, controlling 242 seats. The Government is Also opposed by the New Democratic Party, controlling 132 seats, the Grand Union Agrarian Party, controlling 54 seats, the Lithuanian Nationalist Union, controlling 27 seats, the Latvian National Democratic Coalition, Controlling 14 seats, and the Industrialist faction, loosely represented by nine members. 33 seats are vacant, and 87 deputees sit without affiliation. All Colonies expand their maximum
 * Roman Empire: The Empire is now at a period of peace and prosperity after a long period of war and uncertainty. Roman trade routes stretch across most of the world in the pursuit of wealth and trade goods and Roman military might remains a powerful force in Europe and other parts of the world. The Roman central government does what it can to address all of the issues of the various archonates within the Empire and ensure that their needs are met even as they help instill strength in the central government. Railroads are constructed around the nation to help connect the Empire and its peoples and steamships are used for much the same purpose on water. To further strengthen its position in Africa, the Roman government begins to make official claims in the Saharan desert north of Egypt's southern border. However, some in the Empire scoff at this, suggesting that the Empire is wasting its time claiming barren land and should focus on more resourceful areas of Africa, Asia or Europe. As European interest in Africa begins to heat up, Roman officials begin exploring possible resources or benefits from extended interaction with Madagascar, and trade and diplomats are directed there to assess the situation. Trade also expands with Hawaii, which becomes an impressive conduit of trade for Roman merchants and businesses. As such, the Empire takes an interest in Hawaii, but rather than try to annex it, as it is too far from Roman authority to do so, Roman officials instead would like to see a strong and friendly Hawaii. Weapons and officers are sent to Hawaii to help train their soldiers and protect their independence. The Roman Empire responds to the increased activity of Communist insurgency in other nations in Europe by adopting a more aggressive stance. Troops are sent to Gothia and Ruthenia to protect against potential Communist aggression from the north, and the Roman Empire begins making overtures towards Croatia, Transylvania and Vlachia to prepare their defences. The Roman Empire also deploys more troops to Italy to present a clear vanguard against potential aggression from Communist France or Lombardy, which is seen as soon falling to Communists while the Roman Empire is forbidden by treaty to intervene. The Roman Empire is concerned with the fall of the Tartary to the Communist hordes, and is particularly concerned that the Caliphate has aligned itself towards the hordes. Fears of being surrounded soon start to build up in the Roman government, and as a result the Roman government does what it can to help shore up its defenses both physical and diplomatic. The Roman Empire expands trade, industry, and military training to members of the Holy League, hoping to create and re-inforce a stable and strong military alliance in the Empire's sphere of influence. The Roman Empire is forced to take drastic measures in recent years, as the expansion of Communism is considered unacceptable. Roman officials draft and generally pass Plan East, which calls for strengthening the Roman Empire's allies in the Holy League so they can protect the Roman Empire's flank while the Roman Empire concentrates on a potential eastern front. Military officers and engineers travel to Armenia, Georgia, Assyria, and Transylvania to train and improve those countries in all matters martial and industrial. The same goes for the Caliphate, hoping that the Caliphate would provide the crucial link in the chain for eastern defense. To further update the Empire's strength, the Roman Empire militarizes, and the Senate mandates that the Roman military be at a total size of 850,000 in peacetime and that a million man army must be able to be mobilized within a few weeks. Threats of Communism in Lombardy are too large to be ignored, so Roman forces militarize in Italy and pledge that no former treaty will hold Roman forces back if Lombardy becomes a clear threat. Remnants of the Vlachian government flee to the Roman Empire or Transylvania and call for intervention in Vlachia. Roman and Vlachian forces move in, securing the southern part of the country and stopping at the Wallachian-Moldavian border, as per the compromise between the Communists and Monarchists. Support for the true Vlachian government rises, and the Roman Empire provides the southern government the resources it needs to get itself back on its feet. To help stabilize its northern border, train cars full of weapons and ammo are sent to Croatia, hopefully to bolster that front. Parades take place in Constantinople and other cities celebrating Armenia's entry into the Empire.
 * Tatar Empire:  The fall of the Tartary is a huge surprise, and many officials fled to Roman lands. However, the Roman Empire was able to set up a puppet government claiming legitimacy from the remnants of the Tartary. The Tatar royal family is installed as the leaders of this puppet state, with much of the government based on that of the Roman Empire. The Roman Empire does what it can to industrialize and modernize the puppet state, which effectively only controls the Black Sea coast. Effort is put entirely into the army, as there is no power that can challenge the might of the Roman navy in the Black Sea. Demoralized remnants of the Tartar Army along with volunteers are trained by Roman officers to help get the state back on its feet.
 * Reme: Reme begins to build up its military and economy. Reme elects a new president and starts to build up its navy. Meanwhile, trade is improved on, with industrialization, mainly former Byzantine areas slowly being introduced to populous areas. Lumber, cash crops, and other goods become a major export of Reme, and starts getting Reme a jump-start into the European economy. There is also the creation of New navy ships, to help modernize the Reman navy. Reme continues its current expansion into the native dark-grey clusterfuck, expanding another 150 pixels into it. Coal mines are built, and starts churning out coal at a consistent rate. Coal mining plants are also started to be upgraded. Reme also starts very slowly changing its focus to industrial things, with a nation wide railroad being considered to be built. Industrialization of river areas continue, as well as the production of textiles to cheaper the price of Reman cotton. Meanwhile, a Socialist-based party starts to gain seats in parliament, with plans to make Reme a more self-sufficient state. People are getting anxious over the threat of Communism to Reme, and vote on the crackdown of Communist sympathizers and their families. The Reman government is pleased that Pearl River has voted to join the Empire, and promises that their rights and property will be maintained. The Reman military is improved a bit in an effort to hold up its part of the Fraternal Alliance. The Franqi brothers begin experimenting with the idea of heavier-than-air flight, but the task is daunting and will take some time to perfect a flying device. They manage to create a working model which flies for several seconds. However, it isn't impressive enough and they continue their work.
 * Protectorate of Wolof: Wolof begins to build up its military and economy. Reman food and supplies come in to help the formerly starving nation, as well as the Reman military to help sustain order. Some representation is given in the Reman Parliament, to give Wolof a minimal say in how Reme should be run. Meanwhile, plans to industrialize the coastal areas as well as plans for fortifications are presented, and are started to be worked on.
 * People's Republic of Poland: General Secretary Sokoloff refuses to remove the Polish troops from the DMZ border and declares that it is not in violation with any of the terms that were declared at the Armistice at Minsk. Though the situation continues, Poland continues to prosper within, with the effects of the Ten-Year Plan which finished in the year 1897, three years ago. Factories continue to be built throughout the nation. The General Secretary holds a speech in the capital of Warsaw, declaring that the new century spells the true start of a period of prosperity and greatness for Poland. HM Starek holds a military parade with the 100,000 troops who had returned from West Czechia a few years prior after the treacherous reunification of Czechia, officially commending their actions in the rebellion, before celebrating their return to duty, sending them to the DMZ border, which currently holds 660,000 troops. Meanwhile, Foreign Minister Dubanowski continues to funding of peaceful Communist organizations in Czechia, Silesia, Slovakia, Croatia, North Romania, Ruthenia, Pskov, and Prussia. The Foreign Minister also continues funding of the Anti-Juror Action in Pskov.
 * Imperial Japan: As the new century dawns, so does the new Empire of Japan with the implementation of the treaty of Beijing Japan. When Emperor Raijingusan was born the empire was a collection of Japan proper and a couple of ports, but now Japan is a shining empire in the Pacific, and is now considered a superpower in terms of vast greatness in not only territory, but also infrastructure, art, science, engineering literature, and education. The Emperor’s dream for Japan is fufilled, and as a result of the new century and new Japanese Empire there is a surge of nationalism. On the topic of literature, the book on the First-Sino Japanese War is published as well as the book “On the History of Japanese War history” and “On the History of Imperial Japan” is published. Emperor Rajiangstan himself attended New Munich, and noted “This city is a spectacular city, with lights gleaming over the fresh lakes, twinkling in the twilight, with the telephone that connects two voices from a far, and the kaleidoscope that has me see a beautiful rainbow of colors, indeed New Munich is a beacon upon a hill, and I hope Japan adopts the Borelian model of modernization.” The Emperor also returns to Tokyo, signs the Treaty of the Hague and the Treaty of Beijing, only to die, ushering an era of peace. “I was born, destined for something great, and something great I became, for I have made Japan the pinnacle of hope and light, sharing the greatness of the rising sun, to all four corners of the world. I may die today, but the Empire of Japan shall be eternal.” There is a massive memorial service held in Emperor Rajiangstan’s honor, and his first son, Emperor Heiwa to Han'ei, succeeds him, and begins to adopt the Borealian model of industrialization, trying to make Tokyo like New Munich.
 * Empire of Northern China: With the Signing of the Treaty of Beijing Manchuria and Northern China are merged, establishing the Empire of Northern China, with Emperor Wu, Emperor Rajiangstan’s second son, as Emperor. Major reforms are enacted and there is immediate construction to railroads, schools, hospitals, homes, factories, ports, and cities in order to rebuild Northern China after the war. Mining operations also continue. the Empire is also noted as one of the most diverse places in the Japanese Empire. We invest in developing the cities of Beijing and Tianjin. Emperor Waizu marries into the the Qing Dynasty, restoring the dynasty of the Manchu Empire of old.
 * Japanese Formosa: We invest in Formosa by implementing a massive railroad construction program as well as port construction to further the transportation of Formosa. We implement a program of both industry and agriculture in Formosa, with the industry being for Japan and the agriculture being for Formosa. We also make massive public education reform in Formosa. Industry also speeds up as a result of the wartime economy. Econ/mil turn. Industry is dedicated to the war.
 * Japanese Shanghai: We industrialize Shanghai and upgrade its port and infrastructure, including education. We have Shanghai specialize in shipbuilding and trading, making it a hub for trade in East Asia. We rapidly increase port building to make this city a hub for trade.
 * Northern Philippines: We welcome the former French Philippines into our empire and we begin expanding its infrastructure and industry by constructing railroads, bridges, schools, hospitals, ports, etc. We also expand our economy. Industry is dedicated to the war
 * Southern Philippines: We welcome the former Hamburgian Philippines into our empire and we begin expanding its infrastructure and industry by constructing railroads, bridges, schools, hospitals, ports, etc. We also expand our economy. Industry is dedicated to the war.
 * Japanese Siberia: We welcome the former Tartary territory into our empire and we begin an extensive program to rebuild the area after the war by expanding its infrastructure and industry by constructing railroads, bridges, schools, hospitals, ports, and factories. We also expan the economy of the area. Industry is dedicated to the war.
 * Jiangsu: Major rebuilding reforms are enacted and there is immediate construction to railroads, schools, hospitals, homes factories, ports, and cities in order to rebuild Northern China after the war. We also construct a major irrigation system of Jiangsu and farm crops such as rice and wheat and make industry based on textiles and food and develop Shanghai and Nanking as important major cities.
 * Guangdong: We begin developing the infrastructure of Guangdong by implementing major reform, and we build railroads, factories, schools, hospitals, homes, ports, and cities. In order to fuel this, we focus on developing the ports in the Pearl Delta River region making them a hub for trade in the Pacific. We open the Pearl River Delta to other nations in the Pacific and are willing to make a trade deal with them.
 * Guangdong: We begin developing the infrastructure of Guangdong by implementing major reform, and we build railroads, factories, schools, hospitals, homes, ports, and cities. In order to fuel this, we focus on developing the ports in the Pearl Delta River region making them a hub for trade in the Pacific. We open the Pearl River Delta to other nations in the Pacific and are willing to make a trade deal with them.

 

1901
''' The Leader of the Caliphate dies suddenly. Meanwhile, in East Africa, local leaders begin to push for autonomy. '''

''' A local preacher in San Diego leads his followers away from mainstream Christianity, starting the Reformist Church of the Latter Day Saints. '''

''' A large fire breaks out in Warsaw. The Fire quickly spreads out of control, and over 250 people die. '''

''' Former Spanish Prime Minister Juan Scrawlando dies suddenly of heart failure. '''
 * Indian Empire: Queen Nur Jehan was proclaimed the Empress of India in 1888, starting a new era. The Indian population rose to about 331,772,000, and the flocking of the people to coastal cities continued, with a mass increase of population in Kolkata, Mahmudpur, Karachi, Mumbai, Surat and various other minor cities and townships throughout the state. The Indian army, equipped with semi-modern armaments stood at 720,000 troops with an additional 250,000 reserves whilst the Imperial Guard was composed of 20,000 troops and the armament industry thrived on local and national level, with armaments rarely imported from foreign nations. The Indian navy experimented on ironclads and had started production of larger classes of steam engine ships, churning out first rate ironclads for various fleets, and more third rates, and fourth rates with the occasional second rate to augment the smaller patrol fleets with 40% of the national navy harboured at the Andaman and Kolkata ports. In agriculture was the largest economic focus of Bengal, exporting various crops to foreign nations with the international jute and cotton textile production largely under Indian control. Along the same time, the Indian Renaissance were in full swing, with movements such as the Young India movement having aided in national modernisation and a massive rise in literacy and education. Moreover, promotion of industrialisation and capitalism allowed the Imperial authorities to construct a Trans-National Railway, connecting the entire Empire as well as introduction of many other commodities such as telephones, bulbs, electricity. With the death of the Hashemite Caliph, the Queen becomes a widow and is open for marriage. Meanwhile, fightng continues in Burma. [Mil/Eco Turn]
 * Khedivate of Bahamani: The Capital of Bahamani was Hyderabad and the population was 68.2 million. The Bahamani military was modernised, standing at roughly 80,000 and a major port and naval base was constructed at Mahmudpur, with 25% of the national navy harboured at Bahamani ports. In the economic sector, rice played the role as a major food crop to be exported. However, other important crops such as cotton, sugar cane, mango and tobacco maintained a major presence in Bahamanis exports as well. About the same time, the Bahamani textile and fishery industries reached new heights.
 * Khedivate of Punjab: The Capital of Punjab was Lahore and the population was 48.8 million. The Punjabi military was modernised, standing at roughly 160,000. In the economic sector, wheat played the role as a major food crop to be exported. However, other important crops such as rice, cotton, cotton and ruits maintained a major presence in Punjabs exports as well. About the same time, the Punjabi rock-salt, sugar and leather industries were of significant importance as well.
 * Khedivate of Vijaynagar: The Capital of Vijaynagar was Coimbatore and the population was 38.4 million. The Vijaynagari military was modernised, standing at roughly 120,000 with 15% of the national navy harboured at Vijaynagari ports. In the economic sector, rice played the role as a major food crop to be exported. However, other important crops such as tea, sugar cane, mango and tobacco maintained a major presence in Vijaynagars exports as well. About the same time, the Vijaynagari fishery and leather industries were of significant importance as well.
 * Indian Overseas Territories: Aceh, Mauritius, Tromelin and Reunion.
 * United Commonwealth of Germany:  Pop: 66 million; Capital: Marystadt; Chancellor: DiRegenati, since 1901
 * Commonwealth Kingdoms of Hamburg, Hanover, Prussia, Kuba, Westphalia-Rhineland, and the non-incorporated Kingdom of New Rugia: New Mecklenburg, New Lüneburg, German West Africa, and Kameroon expand by 750 px each. Friedrich von Güstrow, after losing the Chancellory last year, is elected as Chancellor of Mecklenburg, his post prior to his election. Eager to show support for Oldenburg, Hanoverian legislators propose a bill to the German Diet in Marystadt, reading that any resident that receives arms and training, with the intent on using said arms and training against the government of a German state, or Germany as whole, is liable to have their lands and property confiscated. Annoyed with the Communists now seemingly desperate attempts to incite a Communist upswing in Prussia (and whose agents continue to be arrested and executed as spies) army units are deployed in Prussia near the border, and warships are stationed outside Danzig, all as a warning to stop.
 * Commonwealth States of Bavaria, Austria, Venezia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, and Bremen:  The Augsburg Diet continues to operate, being able to pass universal female suffrage in 1896. In military news, Heinrik Paks allows his war ministers to arm the border of Bavaria and France, seeing as how war becomes more likely each passing day. In political news, Governor-General Felipe DiRegenati wins the 1900 elections, and resigns his position as Governor-General on December 1, 1900. Since his Vice-Governor Mikael Amherst-Verner was on the same ticket, there is some confusion on who the new Governor-General should be. Heinrik Paks, Bavarian foreign secretary, is appointed by the Augsburg Diet to serve as interim chancellor, until a new one can be voted in in 1902. Rudolph Fresk, Governor of Pomerania, becomes a frontrunner in the upcoming elections. In other news, Bavarian legilsators support the bill proposed by Hanoverians, stating that it will better crack down on insurgents and troublemakers. Army units are also deployed to Prussia in an effort to ward off Communist aggresors.
 * Ruthenia: The Ruthenians continue to expand industry as a way to repair the economy after the end of the war. More and more people move to the city from the country in pursuit of jobs.
 * Korea: Korea continues to build up its military. Meanwhile, more Taoist and Buddhist temples are built. Taoism rises in popularity and gains more followers. Regular (read: not Imperial) Shinto gains a few more followers as well, mainly along the coastline in Southeastern Korea, particularly in Busan, Jejudo, Ulsan, and the coastal cities and coastal towns of Southern Gyeongsang Province. Mahayana Tao-Shintoism also continues to grow, and begins gaining followers from the areas where Shinto is growing, with some Shintoists switching to Mahayana Tao-Shintoism. The military in the colony of Haejagang (해자강) continues to be on high alert and continues to heavily patrol the Korean settlements. Meanwhile, industrialisation and modernisation continues in Korea (similar to OTL Japan's Meiji Restoration). Monarch Hyomyeong continues investing in technology and science.
 * Lombardy: Our military is continuing to increae due to tensions rising in Europe. Factories mostly make weapons for our military. With the increase of factories in the nation, more jobs are being made. The employment rate has continue increase in the nation. Agriculture is our best industry in the nation. The railway industry is continuing to work on improving the tracks. Doctors are now continue to use X-rays to see the inside of people. Trade goes well with the Roman Empire. The navy continues to make ships for trade and for future tensions. We ask the Olympic committee if we can join the next Olympics.
 * People's Republic of Poland: After the fire in Warsaw, General Secretary Rajmund Sokoloff dies, at the age of 40. A grand funeral is held in the capital under his honour, but after that a new leader must take his place. Iwan Sitko, a higher up in the Polish Communist Party, is elected by the party as the new General Secretary of Poland. Iwan Sitko holds an election speech in the city of Warsaw, declaring that he will continue his predecessor's legacy. One of the new General Secretary's actions is the renaming of Warsaw to Ludzigród, People's City in English, as it was found in Sokoloff's will that he had wished to do this before he died. An official monument to Sokoloff is built in the centre of Ludzigród, commemorating his deeds in the name of Poland and Communism. After the monument, the official rebuilding of Ludzigród is started, based upon modern and rational city building philosophy. Meanwhile, HM Starek keeps the nation's security under check while the country is mourning. The Foreign Minister continues to funding of peaceful Communist organizations in Czechia, Silesia, Slovakia, Croatia, North Romania, Ruthenia, Pskov, and Prussia. He also continues funding of the Anti-Juror Action in Pskov.


 * Romania: In Moldavia and Dobruja, we begin agricultural industrialisation. We build more factories in our nation. More collectivisation occurs. Tractors begin to be used in farms. We export many agricultural goods to our Communist allies. We discover oil in Romania and export it to our allies.
 * Romanian Dip: We ask for technological support from Communist nations.


 * Borealia_Flag_2.pngUnion of Borealia: Both the economy and military improve across all the provinces of the Union. The thriving industries now run entirely on petroleum, procured from the oil collected from Alaska and California. While the traditional hearts of each city, particularly New Vienna, continue to reflect the same idyllic Baroque style, newer expansions to these urban centers are packed with factories and other industrial equipment. Cities recently built in southern California and northern Alaska are much more developed, as some parts of the Kiatagmiut province are almost unrecognizable. The economy of the Union stems from the exportation of natural resources. San Francisco and Mamterlliq continue to be the main centers of the gold trade, while oil wells begin to speckle the coastal range of California. More oil wells are built in Upper Alaska, bringing entrepreneurs to that region. Large monopolies on lumber and animal products are also prevalent in Santiago and Pannenstiel. All of these businesses are connected with diesel trains that span the continent. As the various earlier philosophies continue to grow and factionalize, these turn into competing ideas that promote further progression and ingenuity from the younger generation. Kinetiscopes become more popular. New Munich becomes the first city partially run on electrical power, and now light bulbs begin replacing gas lamps. As scientists explore mechanisms at smaller levels, it is theorized that all matter behaves like a particle and wave. Machine guns continue to improve with Andean supplies. X-rays are being used to interpret internal injuries. Submarines begin to be built for the purpose of breaking through northern ice caps. We continue to uphold the New Munich Declaration along with Algonquia, Reme, Mexaca, and Arcadia. An organization for promoting peace in the Pacific is established, whose members currently include Korea, China and Ayutthaya.  As more industrial goods continue to pour in from Reme, Borealian entrepreneurs begin selling more oil, gold, lumber, and livestock to the East Coast. The General President is assassinated at the World's Fair by Aaron Tollen, a Mexecan-born insurgent. Tollen is arrested, tried, and sentenced to the electric chair. The Curia begins to consider declaring war on Mexeca.Industrial goods are sent to Brazil and China to improve their respective economies. Support continues to be given to the Republican rebels in China. San Francisco continues to improve earthquake-proofing technology. The Reformist church is founded in San Diego by the self-proclaimed prophet Ashkii Schmitt. His folowers begin meeting regularly to discuss their visions. Although Borealia doesn't have an official religion, the local Catholic priests begin warning their churches against such heresy.


 * The State of Australia: The ports continue to be expanded and the new city of Dandiri is built on the Pacific Coast. As more businesses are taken up by Muslim natives, the German colonists begin migrating to the new communities farther inland. Schools and media centers are established that teach Borealianist philosophy along with essential education. An irrigation program continues to be designed, with the hopes of aiding settlements in the outback. Supplies and engineers are continually sent to the Timor Sultanate to improve their industry.
 * The Borealian Maritime Territory: Naval bases continue being built to enforce claims on several islands (from OTL Palau to Fiji). A major naval base is constructed on the Island of Midway in the Republic of Hawaii. Another major naval base is constructed in Fiji to complement the base in Midway. Exploration of West Antarctica continues.  A free economic and demilitarized zone is declared within the boundaries of the territory. The Curia begins to decide whether to grant the territory independence as the Commonwealth of Oceana. 
 * Colony of Kinshasa: A slow stream of people seeking work and adventure continues to arrive at the African Territory. Houses continue to be built, but the vast majority of people working at the local mining business originate from local African villages.
 * Oldenburg: Sends its condolences to Borealia for the loss of its General President.
 * Andea: The Nation of Andea rapidly expands its industry, with a growing call for labour rights. The average yearly wage increases to 550 reals, and for the first time the government set a yearly minimum wage of 300 reals per year (for adults working full time jobs). The cost of living remains low, at roughly 1000 reals, with some areas having as low as 670 reals and as high as 8000 reals. City living becomes more popular, as more jobs emerge in the industrial sector of the economy. The cities of Chiribaya-Cuzco, Peru and Nazca all have populations Greater than one million. Cuzco Now has a population greater than two million. New Burgandy also grows to a population of 600,000. The military stands at 550,000 men, with service remaining compulsory. Population continues to grow steadily, with the population standing at 64.1 Million and rising steadly. The Telephone/Communications industry continues to grow under a few large monopolies. This industry trend is not unique to, but most notable in the Communications Industry. The Hesperia First Party continues to gain political steam, while the Nationals and Republicans lose more and more power. The Republican Party wins the presidency and the Upper House of the Senate. The Communist and Socalist parties also see significant gains, gaining one seat each. The Hesperia First party gains 18 seats, and the Nationals lose 33 seats. The Navy expands rapidly, with the inclusion of several new armored crusiers and battleships, as well as Greek fire and destroyers. The Army also expands, with the adoption of the Galvin 2, an improved version of the Galvin Repeater. A new rifle, the Grant-Ramon Rifle, is adopted into the Andean military. Census results, combined with government estimates, place the number Andeans (Quechua, Mapuche or Mestizo) at 63% of the nations population, with the next largest group being Spanish (13%), French (9%), German (6%), East Asian (5%), and other (4%). Census results find that the fastest growing ethnic group is East Asian. Andea contiues work on the Canal project, dubbed the Emerald Canal. The nation, through Cape Ferdinand, invades the Zulu.
 * Protectorate of Cape Ferdinand: The Protectorate, now free of the Dutch, begins an expansion of its navy and military. An Andean garrison of 35,000 men is stationed in the territory, with an additional 5000 local troops. The territory remains a critical location for travel. Population stands at 105,000. An additional force of 50,000 men is stationed in the territory. Literacy improves in the Protectorate, with new governmant sponsared schools boosting education. the local industry develops, with additonal ship yards being constructed and ports expanded to solidify the nations postion in global trade.The nation, through Cape Ferdinand, invades the Zulu.
 * Commonwealth Duchy of Oldenburg: With the insurgency in Newfoundland increasing (apparently) day by day, the Government declares it is willing to give yet further concessions to the Beothuk. In a landmark move, Duke Christian VII himself suggests the following solution: the Beothuk Autonomous Territory be extended to the entire Oldenburger holdings in Newfoundland, except for the main town (on the very tip of the peninsula), which will be incorporated into the Lordship of Neu Norderney. The BAT wil then be raised to the same level as Neu Norderney and "Greenland and the Atlantic Isles", with the same level of self-governance as in those two self-governing territories. The BAT would be able to send representatives to Oldenburg, their Territorial Council would be able to raise its own taxes and distribute them as it chose, and it could even maintain a Beothuk Brigade of Landswehr. This in addition to the current law providing Beothuk and other indigenous peoples in Neu Norderney the option of being tried under customary tribal law no matter where their crime takes place. Naturally, there is some annoyance from the Europeans who live in the proposed expansion of the BAT, but the government is far more concerned with avoiding conflict, and if that means making amends for centuries of ignoring the problem, then so be it. (I should point out, I'm pretty sure I sent missionaries all throughout my colonies, so I'm not sure if the "foreign gods" comment makes sense). Back in Oldenburg proper, there is concern amongst all sections of the population at the perennial poor showing of Oldenburger candidates in Chancellor elections. A political scientist comes up with a potential solution to the election problem: Neu Norderney could be raised to the status of full member-state of the Empire. Its current Lord, Conrad VIII (second cousin once removed of Duke Christian VII) is all for the proposal. Having an extra nation which would in all liklihood prefer the Oldenburger candidate to any other could, according to the political scientist, compensate for Oldenburg's population inadequacies. In other news, the OHG sets up a small, permanent whaling base on Svalbard.
 * Felipe DiRegenati: The newly elected Chancellor fully supports the further enfranchisement of Oldenburger politics. He definitely desires to make Neu Norderney a constituent state, and one that carries a meaningful vote. Furthermore, if it is to be a constitutional amendment, DiRegenati would like to know if Neu Norderney would be known as a Commonwealth Duchy or Commonwealth Lordship?
 * Oldenburg: Thrilled with the Chancellor's support, the parties concerned suggest Commonwealth Lordship, so as to retain Neu Norderney's distinct character.
 * Brazil: Hostilities die down in Mexaca after Brazilian soldiers successfully pacify the border region with Emeraldie. Ships continue to patrol the Imperial Sea however, ensuring that the situation is under control in the region, and funding in Mexaca comes to a close. Further upgrades of the navy and its facilities continue, with modern shipyards having been completed in São Sebastião, Santa Cruz, Vitória, Belém, São Salvador, Santa Catarina, Fortaleza, and São Luís. Having become increasingly dominated by the battleship and its four heavy armament of twelve inch calibre, a secondary armament of six to eighteen quick-firing guns of between 4.7 inches and 7.5 inches calibre, and other smaller weapons, the navy becomes largely centered around these large ships. Experiences from the war with the Dutch concludes that medium-calibre armaments, around six inches, and quick-firing at short range, has become the primary weapon of choice at sea, especially after the Brazilian raid on the Guianas coast, in which firing did not commence until ships were within 4,000 meters. This range was gradually closed to increase accuracy, and with a high rate of fire these ships were able to achieve major success during the war. In order to increase the time in which Brazilian ships engage in the future, future designs begin to employ torpedoes effective in increased distances. The next evolutionary step comes when the quick-firing secondary battery is replaced by additional heavy guns up to ten inches. Possible refurbishing of older battleships is considered to match our current ships to this standard. A second plan is created that proposes the addition of eight, twelve-inch guns in twin turrets, or alternatively twelve, ten-inch guns in twin turrets, mounted at the ends and wings of the ship. The design focus of future battleships is forever changed to implement these larger configurations, increasing both the striking power and range of each ship. Each future ship is to have a more uniform caliber as well, helping to streamline fire control. A naval committee begins working on a new design for these so called all-big-guns battleships, a revolutionary new take on the ship’s design. The committee’s design calls for a twelve-inch main battery with anti-torpedo-boat guns but no intermediate calibres, with considerations made to reach an overall speed of twenty-one knots. Despite difficulties positioning the ships’ guns, the final design has twelve, twelve-inch guns, along with twenty-two, twelve pounders as secondary armament. The Committee also calls for steam turbine propulsion, a move considered unprecedented in a large warship. The greater efficiency of the turbines meant the twenty-one knot design speed could be achieved in a smaller and cheaper ship than if reciprocating engines were to be used. This new ship is laid down later this year, and is called the Fortaleza. In order to maximize construction resources are set aside before hand, or even pre constructed, and ships are constructed in an alternating pattern so that no one ship takes too much time. The first Brazilian company Companhia Brasileira de Cartuchos creates the first Brazilian machine gun, based on popular designs in Europe, although lighter and with a simplified action. Parts of this new gun substitute heavy pieces for stronger high strength alloys, and a muzzle booster is also added. In the meantime the Campos Gerais and São Sebastião, along with their respective destroyers and auxiliary ships, are mobilized to the coast of Africa. The first Brazilian settlement in southern Africa, officially Zulu territory, is founded as Porto Natal on the eastern coast. This is largely to take advantage of the discovery of diamonds to the north, in an area believed to be held by African savages. Brazilian soldiers are mobilized to the region to ensure the protection of Brazilian mining interests, and the idea of a scheme to ensure additional labor for plantations and mines is crafted by Porto Natal’s first governor, who believes the Zulu can be easily subjugated. Governor José Luís Mena Barreto calls for additional reinforcements in the region, and begins planning a war to expand the city’s domain. Henry Bartle Frere, one of the head commanders of the armed forces in Brazil, is transferred to the colony along with a contingent of mobilized Brazilians to oversee the operation, and forces begin patrols into Zulu land. This provokes attacks from the natives, further incentivising the colony’s government to take full scale action. The Zulu by this time are found to be in large possession of Dutch and Scandinavian weaponry, with paramilitary actions being taken across the border into Andean territory and on the cape. This poses a real threat to the growing colony, and the need to disarm the Zulu becomes paramount to Brazilian influence in the region. Commander Manuel Marques de Sous is dispatched into Zulu territory to deliver an ultimatum to the natives, demanding they turn in their weapons and war making technology, and accept humiliating concessions and reparations. When this is quickly rejected, Manuel Marques de Sous marches his way back to the coast while burning the countryside in retreat. Cows particularly are captured or slaughtered, and the natives’ largely non-native crops are burned. Manuel Marques de Sous’ slow march however makes him an easy target, and when he returns to Porto Natal he has significantly less men then when he began the expedition. Spanish-African settlers in the region, known as Estancieros, are contracted to fight as skirmishers and guerrilla fighters, and their advanced knowledge of the surrounding area near the cape helps us to gain the advantage quickly. The cape and the rest of the coast is quickly controlled following a naval bombardment and landing, and the Zulu are pushed back into the interior. The Zulu are left to regroup, and are lured toward the Brazilian position near Porto Natal. A giant siege is launched by the Zulu, however the Brazilians are able to prepare a large defense, employing Cartuchos machine guns and artillery to cut down the enemy is large amounts. By the end of the Battle of Porto Natal the majority of the Zulu army is left dead, in addition to their king. The Zulu largely shatter, and we shift the focus to Estancieros and other light units to chase down guerrilla fighters. With military personnel having firmly secured Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands, construction begins on a military base at Guam, and local governments are established to rule over the territories. Settlement of the Amazonas continues, spearheaded by the efforts of Cândido Rondon and the Seringueiros.


 * Morocco: The Sultanate of Morocco continues to improve its economy, infrastructure and build up its military, mainly the army and navy. Morocco continues to westernize the nation and the population continues to grow by adding 400,000 people every year, as Moroccan government wanted to grow up faster as a stronger nation at Moroccan Population Growth Act 1893. The population of Morocco now stands at 11 million people, while the number of military troops stands at 96,000 soldiers. Number of ships active in Moroccan Navy stands at 40 ironclad ships and 14 frigates. A new colonization act is again signed bu Sultan Abdelaziz, expanding the nation faster by 10,000 px per year, very faster then Spanish Africa, as well with a few new cities are built, roads and railroads are built between old and new cities. Fewer schools, museums, colleges and more houses, hospitals, power plants and mining plants are built. The mining plants produces materials coal, iron and now gold and copper, which later used as products from industries. Industry continues improving and few factories are built along in cities, creating jobs for people of Morocco. A few docks and mosques are built. Artillery become more widely used in combat and some industries continues building a series of wartime artillery, which later added it to Moroccan Armed Forces. Meanwhile, few new trains are produced and one new railway line are opened in service. Sultan Abdelaziz continues to plan new reforms for Morocco and continues investing heavily in technology and science. Morocco continue improving relations with Roman Empire, Spain and France to seek friendly alliances in future. Morocco asks to buy Williamsburg from United Commonwealth of Germany for xxx falus.
 * Peoples Republic of China: With the last prepartations for the breakup of China complete, China is broken up and the PRC takes control of Sichuan. Conflicts immediately break out, though the PRC remains neutral, for now. However, despite our neutrality, we begin to build up our military. We also, following the Sino-Japanese war, have an intense hatred for Japan and are on the lookout for any signs of Japanese weakness. We also ask to be allied with all Communist nations, in order to secure allies for our planned reconquest of China.
 * Imperial Japanese Diplomacy: We would like to remind the PRC that they are destroying their economy by resenting Japan and not trading with us as well as violating the Treaty of Beijing which guarantees economic cooperation between the Chinese states and Imperial Japan. We plead to the PRC to highly reconsider, stating that trading with Japan will ensure economic recovery in the PRC after their long and brutal Civil War and First Sino-Japanese War. In addition, we would like to remind the PRC that trade with the Communist nations is impossible, for Sichuan is surrounded by Chinese province states We also cite the failure of the PRC of maintaining order in Sichuan, and Japan guarantees political security in the region as well if the PRC is willing to cooperate. Failure to cooperate with Imperial Japan and trade with us shall result in trade embargoes, or worse.
 * In the Grand Union (Pskov), the GDP rises along with average wages. The Inter-Republic Road network is expanded. The Science and technology aspect of Pskov is not overlooked either. As prosperity in the nation increases, the amount of money and new people investing in institutions of higher learning. As such, the various schools that existed in Nizhegorodsk-Na-Narve unite and form the "University of Nizhegorodsk", beginning a rivalry between it and Pskov. The idea of currency reform, to reform it to a decimal system is put out, in order to simplify much trade (even though it is already simple enough with multiples of 20). Zlatobrezhie becomes wealthier and wealthier as more people get used to over one hundred years of Pskovian governance. The Uzvards-Glinka Firearms Co. releases a new more effective machine gun design, named the GUA-101. The Government begins replacing old GUA-91s with the newer 101 model. Many more Einzbern model-93s are produced for the armed forces in industrial plants. More electric power stations are built as cities are electrified. More Model-96 rifles are built for sniper units, as designers think on how to improve the semi-automatic model-93 design. The Conservatives set up another "International Slavic Congress", and invites representatives from all slavic nations to join a celebration of traditions that unite all slavs in Pskov. The Grand Union looks to the east with despair. The Grand Union sends agents into Russia for the smuggling of human refugees fleeing the "red terror", and for funding militant organizations in Poland secretly (oi, Will, you do it to me first). Fortifications are built along the demilitarized zone, and some schools begin to "black out" captured areas on maps, calling them the "occupied territories". The border with Russia and Poland are strengthened along the demilitarized zone, which is quickly becoming, quite ironically, one of the most militarized zones in the world (due to lots of "you put one unit, I put two" mentality on both sides) Anoter 100,000 troops are stationed there in response to Polish agression, with the new breach-loading artillery. The Jacobeit Airship Co. continues to construct new and improved airship models. Leibnitz and AVA continue their rivalry, while the motorcycle becomes a bit more popular. Kandinsky builds his third and fourth prototypes this year, the Avia-3 and Avia-4 biplanes, each faster and able to stay in the air for longer than the last. His recent success secures him more funding, as this visionary continues his research. More stations are added to the Pskov Metro, and its success makes people think that underground railways would be good ideas in other cities, say like Vilnus, or Minsk. The first wireless transmission of the human voice occurs between the Pskov and Nizhegorodsk universities. the architect of technology, Estonian Mark Kuusk, is awarded the medal for scientific advancement by the Supreme Prince. Many people begin discussing the implications of such wireless communications beyond simple wireless telegraphy. He names the waves used "Radio" waves, and leads the way for wireless communications to come. Colonies expand their maximum (something like 60,000 sq km at this point). the Grand Union Sends diplomats to Constantinople (Roman Empire) in order to propose a mutual defence alliance. Multiple failed attempts by Poland to incite Communist revolts are quashed, and the perpetrators of attempted terror acts are convicted as foreign agents and sentanced to hard labour. Many consider bringing back capital punishment so that so many spies in the colonies do not attempt to orchestrate prison revolts. The Anti-Juror Action group is officialy classified as a foreign paramilitary unit and terrorist organization, and any membership of it is punishable by prison.
 * Emeraldie:  New construction starts on the nation's ports, farms and mines to increase the nation's exports and economic strength. The land forces is reorganised to include 90,000 men, with 70,000 in reserve.  Vast industrial expansion occurs in the region following years of government encouragement and subsidies, the transnational railway is completed.  We expand 800 px into the continent's interior. Work begin on construction of the Panama Canal and vast expansion of oil production begins after the government provides subsidies to entrepreneurs. In other news in a welcome election reform, all native Emeraldians and Afro-Emeraldian men (among other smaller non-white minorities) are given the ability to vote.
 * Emeraldie Pacific Territories: A legislative parliament is created to take care of local issues. The South Pacific station is expanded with new modern ships. The territory government is granted the ability to control a small armed force to maintain peace in the region and protect from native aggression, its current numbers are around 2700 men.
 * Regency Republic of Britannia: The talks between the parliament and Devon Goddard are met with little success other than an agreement to tone down rhetoric from both sides due to the current political climate of Europe. This, however, has not prevented Goddard from releasing a revolutionary pamphlet advocating for Syndicalism called The Syndicalist Pamphlet which advocates for an extreme version of Syndicalism that borders on anarchy. Due to current working conditions, wage payments, and inflation, this pamphlet has little trouble getting popular with the masses, but due to agreements to tone down rhetoric, there is currently no active leader to condense these feelings of the common folk. Industry does begin to pick up, however, despite the inflation, with hopes that the increase in common goods will allow prices to fall. The Royal Officers Corp has recovered mostly with increased recruitment and graduates, allowing for perhaps a competant army now on its own. With the increase of the size of the Royal Officers Corp and the now the size of the overall military, extra emphasis is being put on increasing the supplies in such things as guns, ammunition and uniforms.
 * Britannic Desircit: The colony begins its inland expasion again as supplies become more regulated as stability increases. With the increase of supplies and stability, industry begins to redevelop on the largest coastal cities, mainly focused on refining goods from other Britannic colonies. 
 * New Guerney: Sugar and coffee plantations are still the most popular for this colony, and continue to be a source of revenue. Though it lacks much heavy industry, it more than makes up for it in excessive shipments of raw goods.
 * Britannic Afrika: Army/Econ turn.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire is now at a period of peace and prosperity after a long period of war and uncertainty. Roman trade routes stretch across most of the world in the pursuit of wealth and trade goods and Roman military might remains a powerful force in Europe and other parts of the world. The Roman central government does what it can to address all of the issues of the various archonates within the Empire and ensure that their needs are met even as they help instill strength in the central government. Railroads are constructed around the nation to help connect the Empire and its peoples and steamships are used for much the same purpose on water. To further strengthen its position in Africa, the Roman government begins to make official claims in the Saharan desert north of Egypt's southern border. However, some in the Empire scoff at this, suggesting that the Empire is wasting its time claiming barren land and should focus on more resourceful areas of Africa, Asia or Europe. As European interest in Africa begins to heat up, Roman officials begin exploring possible resources or benefits from extended interaction with Madagascar, and trade and diplomats are directed there to assess the situation. Trade also expands with Hawaii, which becomes an impressive conduit of trade for Roman merchants and businesses. As such, the Empire takes an interest in Hawaii, but rather than try to annex it, as it is too far from Roman authority to do so, Roman officials instead would like to see a strong and friendly Hawaii. Weapons and officers are sent to Hawaii to help train their soldiers and protect their independence. The Roman Empire responds to the increased activity of Communist insurgency in other nations in Europe by adopting a more aggressive stance. Troops are sent to Gothia and Ruthenia to protect against potential Communist aggression from the north, and the Roman Empire begins making overtures towards Croatia, Transylvania and Vlachia to prepare their defences. The Roman Empire also deploys more troops to Italy to present a clear vanguard against potential aggression from Communist France or Lombardy, which is seen as soon falling to Communists while the Roman Empire is forbidden by treaty to intervene. The Roman Empire is concerned with the fall of the Tartary to the Communist hordes, and is particularly concerned that the Caliphate has aligned itself towards the hordes. Fears of being surrounded soon start to build up in the Roman government, and as a result the Roman government does what it can to help shore up its defenses both physical and diplomatic. The Roman Empire expands trade, industry and military training to members of the Holy League, hoping to create and re-inforce a stable and strong military alliance in the Empire's sphere of influence. The Roman Empire is forced to take drastic measures in recent years, as the expansion of Communism is considered unacceptable. Roman officials draft and generally pass Plan East, which calls for strengthening the Roman Empire's allies in the Holy League so they can protect the Roman Empire's flank while the Roman Empire concentrates on a potential eastern front. Military officers and engineers travel to Armenia, Georgia, Assyria, and Transylvania to train and improve those countries in all matters martial and industrial. The same goes for the Caliphate, hoping that the Caliphate would provide the crucial link in the chain for eastern defense. To further update the Empire's strength, the Roman Empire militarizes, and the Senate mandates that the Roman military be at a total size of 850,000 in peacetime and that a million man army must be able to be mobilized within a few weeks. Threats of Communism in Lombardy are too large to be ignored, so Roman forces militarize in Italy and pledge that no former treaty will hold Roman forces back if Lombardy becomes a clear threat. Remnants of the Vlachian government flee to the Roman Empire or Transylvania and call for intervention in Vlachia. Roman and Vlachian forces move in, securing the southern part of the country and stopping at the Wallachian-Moldavian border, as per the compromise between the Communists and Monarchists. Support for the true Vlachian government rises, and the Roman Empire provides the southern government the resources it needs to get itself back on its feet. To help stabilize its northern border, train cars full of weapons and ammo are sent to Croatia, hopefully to bolster that front. Parades take place in Constantinople and other cities celebrating Armenia's entry into the Empire. The region soon undergoes reformation and new borders, as Armenia is united with Cilicia to form greater Armenia, while some of the south is constituted as a new region of Kurdistan.
 * Tatar Empire:  The fall of the Tartary is a huge surprise, and many officials fled to Roman lands. However, the Roman Empire was able to set up a puppet government claiming legitimacy from the remnants of the Tartary. The Tatar royal family is installed as the leaders of this puppet state, with much of the government based on that of the Roman Empire. The Roman Empire does what it can to industrialize and modernize the puppet state, which effectively only controls the Black Sea coast. Effort is put entirely into the army, as there is no power that can challenge the might of the Roman navy in the Black Sea. Demoralized remnants of the Tartar Army along with volunteers are trained by Roman officers to help get the state back on its feet.
 * Reme: Reme begins to build up its military and economy. Reme elects a new president and starts to build up its navy. Meanwhile, trade is improved on, with industrialization, mainly former Byzantine areas slowly being introduced to populous areas. Lumber, cash crops, and other goods become a major export of Reme, and starts getting Reme a jump-start into the European economy. There is also the creation of New navy ships, to help modernize the Reman navy. Reme continues its current expansion into the native dark-grey clusterfuck, expanding another 150 pixels into it. Coal mines are built, and starts churning out coal at a consistent rate. Coal mining plants are also started to be upgraded. Reme also starts very slowly changing its focus to industrial things, with a nation wide railroad being considered to be built. Industrialization of river areas continue, as well as the production of textiles to cheaper the price of Reman cotton. Meanwhile, a Socialist-based party starts to gain seats in parliament, with plans to make Reme a more self-sufficient state. People are getting anxious over the threat of Communism to Reme, and vote on the crackdown of Communist sympathizers and their families. The Reman government is pleased that Pearl River has voted to join the Empire, and promises that their rights and property will be maintained. The Reman military is improved a bit in an effort to hold up its part of the Fraternal Alliance. The Franqi brothers begin experimenting with the idea of heavier-than-air flight, but the task is daunting and will take some time to perfect a flying device. They manage to create a working model which flies for several seconds. However, it isn't impressive enough and they continue their work.
 * Protectorate of Wolof: Wolof begins to build up its military and economy. Reman food and supplies come in to help the formerly starving nation, as well as the Reman military to help sustain order. Some representation is given in the Reman Parliament, to give Wolof a minimal say in how Reme should be run. Meanwhile, plans to industrialize the coastal areas as well as plans for fortifications are presented, and are started to be worked on.
 * In Silesia, the massive fire in the Polish city of Warsaw prompts Voivode Patryk Waldau to begin a covert operation to smuggle Polish anti-Communists out of the enemy nation and into Silesia. These anti-Communists are then forced to lay low to maintain the secrecy of the project, but they conduct significant operations to subvert the Communists within Silesia. Meanwhile, APFK continues producing automobiles and electricity continues to spread to the mines and factories that propel the economy forward. Economic and infrastructural turn.
 * Spain: The nation continues to prosper as a center of the arts and learning. The construction of new buildings, roads and other infrastructure continues. Spanish merchants and emissaries continue to sail around the world to expand the reach of Spain in terms of wealth and diplomatic connections. Spain also becomes a place where artists and intellectual minds meet and do things. It is cool. Due to the burgeoning growth of the economy, new jobs created in the five major cities led to more people moving to the cities. The buildings rise higher and the trains run faster, especially in the major cities such as Zaragoza, Barcelona and Madrid. Cars and railways and all sorts of cool modern stuff. Spain continues to lay claim to Antarctica and continues to push for the completion of the Trans-European rail link from Zaragoza to Paris to Marystadt so that the eastern part (Poland-Rome/Pskov) and the western part (Lisbon-Zaragoza). The construction of ships and weaponry continues. Aragon takes all the people from Edgistan. Boats and guns. Spain begins to commission destroyers and increases the number of battle ready battleships in the Royal Armada. More artillery stuff. Prince Bruno takes to the streets of Madrid at night and fights crime at night. In honor of Balthasar the Batman, he dresses up as a bat at well. The Spanish government condemns the Communists. Spain continues to seek out dissenters in Communist France to weaken the French government's strength. Spain proposes the formation of an anti-Communist league. Spain also seeks the return of Gibraltar and Ceuta from Croatia. The Spanish colony of West Africa expands 8000 px north. Spanish West Africa continues the war on the two local West African nations. #NoMoreWikiaChanges
 * ​Algeria: Expands 5000 sq km south as part of the nationalistic campaign to become a great nation on the African continent. Military technology is brought in from Spain, as well as other things. The economic crisis continues. The Moulin government is attacked by members of its own party for failing to resolve the needs of the people. A Berber group seeks more recognition for their people in the government and form the Party for Berber Advancement.
 * Singapore: Singapore also begins to develop naval technology to protect its economic interests with the aid of Spain. Singapore also greatly benefits from the newly re-invigorated trade in the region. Singapore builds new infrastructure with its wealth and the General-Secretary's five-year growth plan continues. Singapore is generating wealth and its economy remains in a good state as Singapore begins to return to promise as a great economic hub of the east.
 * Algonquia continues to watch the insurgency in Kolossland with bated breath, while offering general support. Nobawsit almost loses control of his movement after the generous Oldenburger offer to resolve the crisis, with many of the insurgents deciding that their goals have been achieved and preparing to return to Neu Juist. However, this sentiment is destroyed by the new German law that would dispossess any insurgents of their property, which leads the conciliatory group to abandon their stance and rejoin the fight. Many Beothuk with relatives in the insurgency, now subject to property confiscations, join the Beothuk Nationalist Front. Its leaders, encouraged by the frustrated High Sachem, do agree to accept the Oldenburger deal if a general amnesty is added. In other news, Algonquia is pleased by the great success at the Olympics, and hockey teams begin to look into forming a general league to compete among themselves.
 * Sahtudene expands the max amount,as does Kitlineq.
 * Lukaian continues to industrialize, while Cree and French become more popular.
 * Andea: The Nation of Andea rapidly expands its industry, with a growing call for labour rights. The average yearly wage increases to 550 reals, and for the first time the government set a yearly minum wage of 300 reals per year (for adults working full time jobs). The cost of living remains low, at roughly 1000 reals, with some areas having as low as 670 reals and as high as 8000 reals. City living becomes more popular, as more jobs emerge in the industrial sector of the economy. The cities of Chiribaya-Cuzco, Peru and Nazca all have populations Greater than one million. Cuzco now has a population greater than two million. New Burgandy also grows to a population of 600,000. The military stands at 550,000 men, with service remaining compulsory. Population continues to grow steadily, with the population standing at 63.7 Million and rising steadly. The telephone/communications industry continues to grow under a few large monopolies. This industry trend is not unique to, but most notable in the communications industry. The Hesperia First Party continues to gain political steam, while the Nationals and Republicans lose more and more power. The Republican Party wins the presidency and the Upper House of the Senate. The Communist and Socalist parties also see significant gains, gaining one seat each. The Hesperia First party gains 18 seats, and the Nationals lose 33 seats. The Navy expands rapidly, with the introduction of Armored Cruisers and Greek fire. The Army also expands, with the adoption of the Galvin 2, an improved version of the Galvin Repeater. A new rifle, the Grant-Ramon Rifle, is adopted into the Andean military. Census results, combined with government estimates, place the number Andeans (Quechua, Mapuche or Mestizo) at 63% of the nations population, with the next largest group being Spanish (13%), French (9%), German (6%), East Asian (5%), and other (4%). Census results find that the fastest growing ethnic group is East Asian. Andea begins work on the Canal project, dubbed the Emerald Canal. By the end of this year the war ends in South Africa.
 * Protectorate of Cape Ferdinand: The Protectorate, now free of the Dutch, begins an expansion of its navy and military. An Andean garrison of 35,000 men is stationed in the territory, with an additional 5000 local troops. The territory remains a critical location for travel. Population stands at 105,000. An additional force of 50,000 men is stationed in the territory.


 * Imperial Japan: Our condolensces go out to the dead Caliph. As the new century dawns, so does the new Empire of Japan with the implementation of the treaty of Beijing Japan. When Emperor Raijingusan was born the empire was a collection of Japan proper and a couple of ports, but now Japan is a shining empire in the Pacific, and is now considered a superpower in terms of vast greatness in not only territory, but also infrastructure, art, science, engineering literature, and education. The Emperor’s dream for Japan is fufilled, and as a result of the new century and new Japanese Empire there is a surge of nationalism. On the topic of literature, the book on the First-Sino Japanese War is published as well as the book “On the History of Japanese War history” and “On the History of Imperial Japan” is published. Emperor Rajiangstan himself attended New Munich, and noted “This city is a spectacular city, with lights gleaming over the fresh lakes, twinkling in the twilight, with the telephone that connects two voices from a far, and the kaleidoscope that has me see a beautiful rainbow of colors, indeed New Munich is a beacon upon a hill, and I hope Japan adopts the Borelian model of modernization.” The Emperor also returns to Tokyo, signs the Treaty of the Hague and the Treaty of Beijing, only to die, ushering an era of peace. “I was born, destined for something great, and something great I became, for I have made Japan the pinnacle of hope and light, sharing the greatness of the rising sun, to all four corners of the world. I may die today, but the Empire of Japan shall be eternal.” There is a massive memorial service held in Emperor Rajiangstan’s honor, and his first son, Emperor Heiwa to Han'ei, succeeds him, and begins to adopt the Borealian model of industrialization, trying to make Tokyo like New Munich.
 * Empire of Northern China: With the Signing of the Treaty of Beijing Manchuria and Northern China are merged, establishing the Empire of Northern China, with Emperor Wu, Emperor Rajiangstan’s second son, as Emperor. Major reforms are enacted and there is immediate construction to railroads, schools, hospitals, homes, factories, ports, and cities in order to rebuild Northern China after the war. Mining operations also continue. the Empire is also noted as one of the most diverse places in the Japanese Empire. We invest in developing the cities of Beijing and Tianjin. Emperor Waizu marries into the the Qing Dynasty, restoring the dynasty of the Manchu Empire of old.
 * Japanese Formosa: We invest in Formosa by implementing a massive railroad construction program as well as port construction to further the transportation of Formosa. We implement a program of both industry and agriculture in Formosa, with the industry being for Japan and the agriculture being for Formosa. We also make massive public education reform in Formosa. Industry also speeds up as a result of the wartime economy. Econ/mil turn. Industry is dedicated to the war.
 * Japanese Shanghai: We industrialize Shanghai and upgrade its port and infrastructure, including education. We have Shanghai specialize in shipbuilding and trading, making it a hub for trade in East Asia. We rapidly increase port building to make this city a hub for trade.
 * Northern Philippines: We welcome the former French Philippines into our empire and we begin expanding its infrastructure and industry by constructing railroads, bridges, schools, hospitals, ports, etc. We also expand our economy. Industry is dedicated to the war
 * Southern Philippines: We welcome the former Hamburgian Philippines into our empire and we begin expanding its infrastructure and industry by constructing railroads, bridges, schools, hospitals, ports, etc. We also expand our economy. Industry is dedicated to the war.
 * Japanese Siberia: We welcome the former Tartary territory into our empire and we begin an extensive program to rebuild the area after the war by expanding its infrastructure and industry by constructing railroads, bridges, schools, hospitals, ports, and factories. We also expan the economy of the area. Industry is dedicated to the war.
 * Jiangsu: Major rebuilding reforms are enacted and there is immediate construction to railroads, schools, hospitals, homes factories, ports, and cities in order to rebuild Northern China after the war. We also construct a major irrigation system of Jiangsu and farm crops such as rice and wheat and make industry based on textiles and food and develop Shanghai and Nanking as important major cities.
 * Guangdong: We begin developing the infrastructure of Guangdong by implementing major reform, and we build railroads, factories, schools, hospitals, homes, ports, and cities. In order to fuel this, we focus on developing the ports in the Pearl Delta River region making them a hub for trade in the Pacific. We open the Pearl River Delta to other nations in the Pacific and are willing to make a trade deal with them.

1902
''' The volcano on OTL Saint Vincent erupts, killing thousands of people. '''

''' Another volcano, this time in OTL Martinique, also erupts, killing tens of thousands of people. '''

''' A large earthquake rocks southern Mexaca, killing several thousand people. '''


 * Commonwealth Kingdoms of Hamburg, Hanover, Prussia, Westphalia, Rhineland, Kuba, and the non-incorporated Kingdom of New Rugia: New Mecklenburg, New Lüneburg, German West Africa, and Kameroon expand 750 px each. A new class of battleship is laid down in the Lübeck yards, though security is unusually tight and fewer details have been released of it, compared to previous classes, and some expect it could be something revolutionary. A letter is sent to Duke Christian of Oldenburg, apologizing for unintended consequences from the Insurgent Land Confiscation bill, but stating that it could still be enforced on the most stubborn.


 * Indian Empire: Queen Nur Jehan was proclaimed the Empress of India in 1888, starting a new era. The Indian population rose to about 331,772,000, and the flocking of the people to coastal cities continued, with a mass increase of population in Kolkata, Mahmudpur, Karachi, Mumbai, Surat and various other minor cities and townships throughout the state. The Indian army, equipped with semi-modern armaments stood at 720,000 troops with an additional 250,000 reserves whilst the Imperial Guard was composed of 20,000 troops and the armament industry thrived on local and national level, with armaments rarely imported from foreign nations. The Indian navy experimented on ironclads and had started production of larger classes of steam engine ships, churning out first rate ironclads for various fleets, and more third rates, and fourth rates with the occasional second rate to augment the smaller patrol fleets with 40% of the national navy harboured at the Andaman and Kolkata ports. In agriculture was the largest economic focus of Bengal, exporting various crops to foreign nations with the international jute and cotton textile production largely under Indian control. Along the same time, the Indian Renaissance were in full swing, with movements such as the Young India movement having aided in national modernisation and a massive rise in literacy and education. Moreover, promotion of industrialisation and capitalism allowed the Imperial authorities to construct a Trans-National Railway, connecting the entire Empire as well as introduction of many other commodities such as telephones, bulbs, electricity. Victory is achieved in Burma, and the state is integrated into 'mainland Bengal' . [Mil/Eco Turn]
 * Khedivate of Bahamani: The Capital of Bahamani was Hyderabad and the population was 68.2 million. The Bahamani military was modernised, standing at roughly 80,000 and a major port and naval base was constructed at Mahmudpur, with 25% of the national navy harboured at Bahamani ports. In the economic sector, rice played the role as a major food crop to be exported. However, other important crops such as cotton, sugar cane, mango and tobacco maintained a major presence in Bahamanis exports as well. About the same time, the Bahamani textile and fishery industries reached new heights.
 * Khedivate of Punjab: The Capital of Punjab was Lahore and the population was 48.8 million. The Punjabi military was modernised, standing at roughly 160,000. In the economic sector, wheat played the role as a major food crop to be exported. However, other important crops such as rice, cotton, cotton and ruits maintained a major presence in Punjabs exports as well. About the same time, the Punjabi rock-salt, sugar and leather industries were of significant importance as well.
 * Khedivate of Vijaynagar: The Capital of Vijaynagar was Coimbatore and the population was 38.4 million. The Vijaynagari military was modernised, standing at roughly 120,000 with 15% of the national navy harboured at Vijaynagari ports. In the economic sector, rice played the role as a major food crop to be exported. However, other important crops such as tea, sugar cane, mango and tobacco maintained a major presence in Vijaynagars exports as well. About the same time, the Vijaynagari fishery and leather industries were of significant importance as well.
 * Indian Overseas Territories: Aceh, Mauritius, Tromelin and Reunion.
 * Korea: Korea continues to build up its military. Meanwhile, more Taoist and Buddhist temples are built. Taoism rises in popularity and gains more followers. Regular (read: not Imperial) Shinto gains a few more followers as well, mainly along the coastline in Southeastern Korea, particularly in Busan, Jejudo, Ulsan, and the coastal cities and coastal towns of Southern Gyeongsang Province. Mahayana Tao-Shintoism also continues to grow, and begins gaining followers from the areas where Shinto is growing, with some Shintoists switching to Mahayana Tao-Shintoism. The military in the colony of Haejagang (해자강) continues to be on high alert and continues to heavily patrol the Korean settlements. Meanwhile, industrialisation and modernisation continues in Korea (similar to OTL Japan's Meiji Restoration). Monarch Hyomyeong continues investing in technology and science.
 * Mexaca continues to recover from the civil war, and begins building industrial factories across the nation. Development begins in the north, with railways and roads bringing built in several of the states. As the nation is highly industrial, it is swiftly becoming stronger, and may well return to pre-war strength.


 * Romania: In Moldavia and Dobruja, we begin agricultural industrialisation. We build more factories in our nation. More collectivisation occurs. Tractors begin to be used in farms. We export many agricultural goods to our Communist allies. We discover oil in Romania and export it to our allies.
 * Romanian Dip: We ask for technological support from Communist nations.
 * Ruthenia: The Ruthenians continue to expand industry as a way to repair the economy after the end of the war. More and more people move to the city from the country in pursuit of jobs.
 * Commonwealth States of Bavaria, Austria, Venezia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Saxony, Swabia, and Bremen:  The Augsburg Diet continues to operate, being able to pass universal female suffrage in 1896. In military news, Heinrik Paks allows his war ministers to arm the border of Bavaria and France, seeing as how war becomes more likely each passing day. In political news, Governor-General Felipe DiRegenati wins the 1900 elections, and resigns his position as Governor-General on December 1, 1900. Since his Vice-Governor Mikael Amherst-Verner was on the same ticket, there is some confusion about who the new Governor-General should be. Heinrik Paks, Bavarian foreign secretary, is appointed by the Augsburg Diet to serve as interim chancellor, until a new one can be voted in in 1902. Rudolph Fresk, Governor of Pomerania, becomes a frontrunner in the upcoming elections. In other news, Vice-Chancellor Mikael Amherst-Verner suffers a heart attack in 1902. He survives, but decides to resign his post. Now, without a Vice-Chancellor, Felipe DiRegenati wonders on who to appoint as his next VC. In Bavarian news, Fresk wins the election for Governor-General.


 * The Count of Upper Mecklenburg: Writes DiRegenati that Friedrich von Güstrow would be interested in the VC position.
 * Felipe DiRegenati: Is thrilled that Gustrow would like to be VC. He writes that it is an important moment for German politics, pointing to its flexibility and inclusiveness, when a former Chancellor becomes Vice-Chancellor, and not the other way around.
 * Borealia_Flag_2.pngUnion of Borealia: Both the economy and military improve across all the provinces of the Union. The thriving industries now run entirely on petroleum, procured from the oil collected from Alaska and California. While the traditional hearts of each city, particularly New Vienna, continue to reflect the same idyllic Baroque style, newer expansions to these urban centers are packed with factories and other industrial equipment. Cities recently built in southern California and northern Alaska are much more developed, as some parts of the Kiatagmiut province are almost unrecognizable. The economy of the Union stems from the exportation of natural resources. San Francisco and Mamterlliq continue to be the main centers of the gold trade, while oil wells begin to speckle the coastal range of California. More oil wells are built in Upper Alaska, bringing entrepreneurs to that region. Large monopolies on lumber and animal products are also prevalent in Santiago and Pannenstiel. All of these businesses are connected with diesel trains that span the continent. As the various earlier philosophies continue to grow and factionalize, these turn into competing ideas that promote further progression and ingenuity from the younger generation. Kinetiscopes become more popular. New Munich becomes the first city partially run on electrical power, and now light bulbs begin replacing gas lamps. As scientists explore mechanisms at smaller levels, it is theorized that all matter behaves like a particle and wave. Machine guns continue to improve with Andean supplies. X-rays are being used to interpret internal injuries. Submarines begin to be built for the purpose of breaking through northern ice caps. We continue to uphold the New Munich Declaration along with Algonquia, Reme, Mexaca, and Arcadia. An organization for promoting peace in the Pacific is established, whose members currently include Korea, China and Ayutthaya.  As more industrial goods continue to pour in from Reme, Borealian entrepreneurs begin selling more oil, gold, lumber, and livestock to the East Coast. Industrial goods are sent to Brazil and China to improve their respective economies. Support continues to be given to the Republican rebels in China. San Francisco continues to improve earthquake-proofing technology. Facing opposition from local priests, the Reformist Church relocates to the Sunset district of San Francisco, where they are more tolerated. They continue meeting regularly to discuss their visions. 
 * The State of Australia: The ports continue to be expanded and the new city of Dandiri is built on the Pacific Coast. As more businesses are taken up by Muslim natives, the German colonists begin migrating to the new communities farther inland. Schools and media centers are established that teach Borealianist philosophy along with essential education. An irrigation program continues to be designed, with the hopes of aiding settlements in the outback. Supplies and engineers are continually sent to the Timor Sultanate to improve their industry.
 * The Borealian Maritime Territory: Naval bases continue being built to enforce claims on several islands (from OTL Palau to Fiji). A major naval base is constructed on the Island of Midway in the Republic of Hawaii. Another major naval base is constructed in Fiji to complement the base in Midway. Exploration of West Antarctica continues.  The Curia decides to make the territory an independent commonwealth state, with an separate military and economy but political obligations to the Curia. Many people see this as another step forward to fulfilling the Marmtilliq Declaration.
 * Colony of Kinshasa: A slow stream of people seeking work and adventure continues to arrive at the African Territory. Houses continue to be built, but the vast majority of people working at the local mining business originate from local African villages.
 * People's Republic of Poland: General Secretary Sitko holds a speech in the newly rebuilt city of Ludzigród, celebrating the finish of the rebuilding of Ludzigród. He officially promises to continue Sokoloff's legacy. The new General Secretary starts public funding Polski Tajnej Policji, or Polish Secret Police in English. The PTP are tasked with tracking down and dealing with enemies of the state and political dissidents. This starts an era of political censorship in the country. Modern factories continue to be built throughout the nation. HM Starek reacts to the increase of Pskovite troops on the border with an increase of fortifications being built on the border. Meanwhile, Foreign Minister Dubanowski continues funding of peaceful Communist organizations in Czechia, Silesia, Slovakia, Croatia, North Romania, Ruthenia, Pskov, and Prussia.
 * Commonwealth Duchy of Oldenburg: The Oldenburger Landtag issues a rebuke to the Hanoverian and Bavarian MPs who passed the land confiscation bill last year. Their action, whilst no doubt well-intended, very nearly destroyed all the delicate negotiations of the past few years with the Beothuk. Duke Christian VII personally grants an amnesty to all members of the Beothuk National Front who agree to lay down their weapons and join the Beothuk Autonomous Territory. Elections will be held next year for the BAT's representatives in the Oldenburger Landtag. In other news, Neu Norderney is granted independence as a fully-fledged member of the United German Commonwealths. Even though the raise in rank is effectively to improve Oldenburg's chance of winning a Chancellor election, many in the former colony are quite pleased with their new level of autonomy. Military is improved.
 * Commonwealth Lordship of Neu Norderney: Whilst there is general happiness at the new level of autonomy, Lord Conrad VIII, second cousin once removed to Duke Christian VII, best sums up the mood of his countrymen: "We will always feel a special bond of closeness to Oldenburg, our mother, who nurtured us for four centuries from the cradle to today, the day we receive our adulthood." The practical aspects of the change in status, such as creating a separate Neu Norderney military, will take a few years.
 * The Union of Borealia: Congratulates Neu Norderney on their independence and offers any logistical assistance they may require.
 * Lord Conrad VIII thanks Borealia for its kind offer (It's independent within the UGC, like Oldenburg, so it's not a fully sovereign state. Just wanted to make that clear :) Callumthered (talk) 20:53, June 18, 2015 (UTC))
 * Lombardy: Our military is continuing to increase due to tensions rising in Europe. Factories mostly make weapons for our military. With the increase of factories in the nation, more jobs are being made. The employment rate has continue increase in the nation. Agriculture is our best industry in the nation. The railway industry is continuing to work on improving the tracks. Doctors are now continue to use X-rays to see the inside of people. Trade goes well with the Roman Empire. The navy continues to make ships for trade and for future tensions.
 * Morocco: The Sultanate of Morocco continues to improve its economy, infrastructure and build up its military, mainly the army and navy. Morocco continues to westernize the nation and the population continues to grow by adding 400,000 people every year. The population of Morocco now stands at 11.4 million people, while the number of military troops stands at 100,000 soldiers. Number of ships active in Moroccan Navy stands at 40 ironclad ships, 14 frigates, two cruisers and two destroyers. The nation expands by 10,000 px per year to keep it stronger and independent, with a few new cities being built. Roads and railroads are built between old and new cities. Fewer schools, museums, colleges and more houses, hospitals, power plants and mining plants are built. The mining plants produces materials coal, iron and now gold and copper, which later used as products from industries. Industry continues improving and few factories are built along in cities, creating jobs for people of Morocco. The telephone/communications and mosaics industries continue to grow under a few large monopolies. A few docks and mosques are built. The Moroccan Navy continues building a series of armored destroyers, cruisers and cargo ships which destroyers later added to Moroccan Navy and cargo ships are for trade and for future tensions. Trade with various major European powers decides economic boom of Morocco and Morocco's largest exports are mosaics and largest imports are mostly food. Artillery becomes more widely used in combat and some industries continues building a series of wartime artillery, which later added it to Moroccan Armed Forces. Meanwhile, few new trains are produced and one new railway line is opened in service. Sultan Abdelaziz continues to plan new reforms for Morocco and continues investing heavily in technology and science. Morocco continue improving relations with Roman Empire, Spain and France to seek friendly alliances in future. From now on, Morocco requests Roman Empire an alliance. After Falus was used in 300 years, Rial has replaced Falus as Morocco's new standard currency and adopted a modern style coinage as of Moroccan Currency Change Act of 1902
 * ​The Queen of the Indian Empire, Empress Farah Shah visits Morocco to secure trade and develop relations.
 * Regency Republic of Britannia: The talks between the parliament and Devon Goddard are met with little success other than an agreement to tone down rhetoric from both sides due to the current political climate of Europe. This, however, has not prevented Goddard from releasing a revolutionary pamphlet advocating for Syndicalism called The Syndicalist Pamphlet which advocates for an extreme version of Syndicalism that borders on anarchy. Due to current working conditions, wage payments, and inflation, this pamphlet has little trouble getting popular with the masses, but due to agreements to tone down rhetoric, there is currently no active leader to condense these feelings of the common folk. Industry does begin to pick up, however, despite the inflation, with hopes that the increase in common goods will allow prices to fall. The Royal Officers Corp has recovered mostly with increased recruitment and graduates, allowing for perhaps a competant army now on its own. With the increase of the size of the Royal Officers Corp and now the size of the overall military, extra emphasis is being put on increasing the supplies in such things as guns, ammunition and uniforms.
 * Britannic Desircit: The colony begins its inland expasion again as supplies become more regulated as stability increases. With the increase of supplies and stability, industry begins to redevelop on the largest coastal cities, mainly focused on refining goods from other Britannic colonies. 
 * New Guerney: Sugar and coffee plantations are still the most popular for this colony, and continue to be a source of revenue. Though it lacks much heavy industry, it more than makes up for it in excessive shipments of raw goods.
 * Britannic Afrika: Army/Econ turn.
 * Spain wonders if it could buy a part of Britannic Afrika closest to Spanish West Africa.
 * Emeraldie:  New construction starts on the nation's ports, farms and mines to increase the nation's exports and economic strength.  The land forces is reorganised to include 90,000 men, with 70,000 in reserve, modernisation of the armed forces occur.  Vast industrial expansion occurs in the region following years of government encouragement and subsidies, the transnational railway is completed.  We expand 800 px into the continent's interior. Work continues on construction of the Emerald Canal and vast expansion of oil production begins after the government provides subsidies to entrepreneurs.
 * Emeraldie Pacific Territories: A legislative parliament is created to take care of local issues. The South Pacific station is expanded with new modern ships. The territory government is granted the ability to control a small armed force to maintain peace in the region and protect from native aggression, its current numbers are around 3200 men.
 * Mexaca begins recovery efforts after the earthquake. Civil strife begins anew, but the army can handle it. We request aid from our allies, and the industrial output in the north begins.
 * The Union of Borealia sends logistical aid to Mexeca to help recover from their earthquake.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire is now at a period of peace and prosperity after a long period of war and uncertainty. Roman trade routes stretch across most of the world in the pursuit of wealth and trade goods and Roman military might remains a powerful force in Europe and other parts of the world. The Roman central government does what it can to address all of the issues of the various archonates within the Empire and ensure that their needs are met even as they help instill strength in the central government. Railroads are constructed around the nation to help connect the Empire and its peoples and steamships are used for much the same purpose on water. To further strengthen its position in Africa, the Roman government begins to make official claims in the Saharan desert north of Egypt's southern border. However, some in the Empire scoff at this, suggesting that the Empire is wasting its time claiming barren land and should focus on more resourceful areas of Africa, Asia or Europe. As European interest in Africa begins to heat up, Roman officials begin exploring possible resources or benefits from extended interaction with Madagascar, and trade and diplomats are directed there to assess the situation. Trade also expands with Hawaii, which becomes an impressive conduit of trade for Roman merchants and businesses. As such, the Empire takes an interest in Hawaii, but rather than try to annex it, as it is too far from Roman authority to do so, Roman officials instead would like to see a strong and friendly Hawaii. Weapons and officers are sent to Hawaii to help train their soldiers and protect their independence. The Roman Empire responds to the increased activity of Communist insurgency in other nations in Europe by adopting a more aggressive stance. Troops are sent to Gothia and Ruthenia to protect against potential Communist aggression from the north, and the Roman Empire begins making overtures towards Croatia, Transylvania and Vlachia to prepare their defences. The Roman Empire also deploys more troops to Italy to present a clear vanguard against potential aggression from Communist France or Lombardy, which is seen as soon falling to Communists while the Roman Empire is forbidden by treaty to intervene. The Roman Empire is concerned with the fall of the Tartary to the Communist hordes, and is particularly concerned that the Caliphate has aligned itself towards the hordes. Fears of being surrounded soon start to build up in the Roman government, and as a result the Roman government does what it can to help shore up its defenses both physical and diplomatic. The Roman Empire expands trade, industry and military training to members of the Holy League, hoping to create and re-inforce a stable and strong military alliance in the Empire's sphere of influence. The Roman Empire is forced to take drastic measures in recent years, as the expansion of Communism is considered unacceptable. Roman officials draft and generally pass Plan East, which calls for strengthening the Roman Empire's allies in the Holy League so they can protect the Roman Empire's flank while the Roman Empire concentrates on a potential eastern front. Military officers and engineers travel to Armenia, Georgia, Assyria, and Transylvania to train and improve those countries in all matters martial and industrial. The same goes for the Caliphate, hoping that the Caliphate would provide the crucial link in the chain for eastern defense. To further update the Empire's strength, the Roman Empire militarizes, and the Senate mandates that the Roman military be at a total size of 850,000 in peacetime and that a million man army must be able to be mobilized within a few weeks. Threats of Communism in Lombardy are too large to be ignored, so Roman forces militarize in Italy and pledge that no former treaty will hold Roman forces back if Lombardy becomes a clear threat. Remnants of the Vlachian government flee to the Roman Empire or Transylvania and call for intervention in Vlachia. Roman and Vlachian forces move in, securing the southern part of the country and stopping at the Wallachian-Moldavian border, as per the compromise between the Communists and Monarchists. Support for the true Vlachian government rises, and the Roman Empire provides the southern government the resources it needs to get itself back on its feet. To help stabilize its northern border, train cars full of weapons and ammo are sent to Croatia, hopefully to bolster that front. Parades take place in Constantinople and other cities celebrating Armenia's entry into the Empire. The region soon undergoes reformation and new borders, as Armenia is united with Cilicia to form greater Armenia, while some of the south is constituted as a new region of Kurdistan.
 * Tatar Empire:  The fall of the Tartary is a huge surprise, and many officials fled to Roman lands. However, the Roman Empire was able to set up a puppet government claiming legitimacy from the remnants of the Tartary. The Tatar royal family is installed as the leaders of this puppet state, with much of the government based on that of the Roman Empire. The Roman Empire does what it can to industrialize and modernize the puppet state, which effectively only controls the Black Sea coast. Effort is put entirely into the army, as there is no power that can challenge the might of the Roman navy in the Black Sea. Demoralized remnants of the Tartar Army along with volunteers are trained by Roman officers to help get the state back on its feet.
 * Reme: Reme begins to build up its military and economy. Reme elects a new president and starts to build up its navy. Meanwhile, trade is improved on, with industrialization, mainly former Byzantine areas slowly being introduced to populous areas. Lumber, cash crops, and other goods become a major export of Reme, and starts getting Reme a jump-start into the European economy. There is also the creation of New navy ships, to help modernize the Reman navy. Coal mines are built, and starts churning out coal at a consistent rate. Coal mining plants are also started to be upgraded. Reme also starts very slowly changing its focus to industrial things, with a nation wide railroad being considered to be built. Industrialization of river areas continue, as well as the production of textiles to cheaper the price of Reman cotton. Meanwhile, a Socialist-based party starts to gain seats in parliament, with plans to make Reme a more self-sufficient state. People are getting anxious over the threat of Communism to Reme, and vote on the crackdown of Communist sympathizers and their families. The Reman government is pleased that Pearl River has voted to join the Empire, and promises that their rights and property will be maintained. The Reman military is improved a bit in an effort to hold up its part of the Fraternal Alliance. The Franqi brothers begin experimenting with the idea of heavier-than-air flight, but the task is daunting and will take some time to perfect a flying device. They manage to create a working model which flies for several seconds. However, it isn't impressive enough and they continue their work.
 * Protectorate of Wolof: Wolof begins to build up its military and economy. Reman food and supplies come in to help the formerly starving nation, as well as the Reman military to help sustain order. Some representation is given in the Reman Parliament, to give Wolof a minimal say in how Reme should be run. Meanwhile, plans to industrialize the coastal areas as well as plans for fortifications are presented, and are started to be worked on.
 * Spain continues to prosper as a center of the arts and learning. The construction of new buildings, roads and other infrastructure continues. Spanish merchants and emissaries continue to sail around the world to expand the reach of Spain in terms of wealth and diplomatic connections. Spain also becomes a place where artists and intellectual minds meet and do things. It is cool. Due to the burgeoning growth of the economy, new jobs created in the five major cities led to more people moving to the cities. The buildings rise higher and the trains run faster, especially in the major cities such as Zaragoza, Barcelona and Madrid. Cars and railways and all sorts of cool modern stuff. Spain continues to lay claim to Antarctica and continues to push for the completion of the Trans-European rail link from Zaragoza to Paris to Marystadt so that the eastern part (Poland-Rome/Pskov) and the western part (Lisbon-Zaragoza). The construction of ships and weaponry continues. Aragon takes all the people from Edgistan. Boats and guns. Spain continues to commission destroyers and increases the number of battle ready battleships in the Royal Armada. More artillery stuff. Prince Bruno continues his work as the Batman. With the aid of his cousin the Princess Diana, he takes down one of the organized crime groups in Madrid. Also, a German immigrant journalist and strongman begins fighting crime in Zaragoza, inspired by tales of the Batman. He mostly fights petty crimes and thefts. The Spanish government condemns the Communists. Spain continues to seek out dissenters in Communist France to weaken the French government's strength. Spain proposes the formation of an anti-Communist league. Spain also seeks the return of Gibraltar and Ceuta from Croatia. The Spanish colony of West Africa expands 8000 px north in the west and east, totaling 16,000 px. Spanish West Africa restarts the war on the two local West African nations. #NoMoreWikiaChanges
 * ​Algeria expands 5000 sq km south as part of the nationalistic campaign to become a great nation on the African continent. Military technology is brought in from Spain, as well as other things. The economic crisis continues. The Moulin government is attacked by members of its own party for failing to resolve the needs of the people. A Berber group seeks more recognition for their people in the government and form the Party for Berber Advancement.
 * Singapore also begins to develop naval technology to protect its economic interests with the aid of Spain. Singapore also greatly benefits from the newly re-invigorated trade in the region. Singapore builds new infrastructure with its wealth and the General-Secretary's five-year growth plan continues. Singapore is generating wealth and its economy remains in a good state as Singapore begins to return to promise as a great economic hub of the east.


 * Romania: In Moldavia and Dobruja, we begin agricultural industrialisation. We build more factories in our nation. More collectivisation occurs. Tractors begin to be used in farms. We export many agricultural goods to our Communist allies.
 * Romanian Dip: We ask for technological support from Communist nations.
 * In the Grand Union (Pskov), the GDP rises along with average wages. The Inter-Republic Road network is expanded. The Science and technology aspect of Pskov is not overlooked either. As prosperity in the nation increases, the amount of money and new people investing in institutions of higher learning. As such, the various schools that existed in Nizhegorodsk-Na-Narve unite and form the "University of Nizhegorodsk", beginning a rivalry between it and Pskov. The idea of currency reform, to reform it to a decimal system is put out, in order to simplify much trade (even though it is already simple enough with multiples of 20). Zlatobrezhie becomes wealthier and wealthier as more people get used to over one hundred years of Pskovian governance. The Uzvards-Glinka Firearms Co. releases a new more effective machine gun design, named the GUA-101. The Government begins replacing old GUA-91s with the newer 101 model. Many more Einzbern model-93s are produced for the armed forces in industrial plants. More electric power stations are built as cities are electrified. More Model-96 rifles are built for sniper units, as designers think on how to improve the semi-automatic model-93 design. The Conservatives set up another "International Slavic Congress", and invites representatives from all slavic nations to join a celebration of traditions that unite all slavs in Pskov. The Grand Union looks to the east with despair. The Grand Union sends agents into Russia for the smuggling of human refugees fleeing the "red terror", and for funding militant organizations in Poland secretly (oi, will you do it to me first). Fortifications are built along the demilitarized zone, and some schools begin to "black out" captured areas on maps, calling them the "occupied territories". The border with Russia and Poland are strengthened along the demilitarized zone, which is quickly becoming, quite ironically, one of the most militarized zones in the world (due to lots of "you put one unit, I put two" mentality on both sides). The Jacobeit Airship Co. continues to construct new and improved airship models. Leibnitz and AVA continue their rivalry, while the motorcycle becomes a bit more popular. Kandinsky creates his most refined model to date, the Avia-5. The Avia-5 is the world's first "hydroplane", able to take off and land in water, tested in Lake Peipus. It is able to suystain flight for about 15 full minutes, with the only real limitations being fuel tank size. He also experiments with monoplanes, naming the first model the Edna-1, after his wife. More funding is secured, and a land-based model of the Avia-5, the Avia-6, is concieved, but problems arise while landing, as uneven ground is harder to land on. A strip of land is flattened near the hangar, and marked, the world's first true "airstrip". larger tires are placed on the Avia-6 to aid in landing. Improvements continue. More stations are added to the Pskov Metro, and its success makes people think that underground railways would be good ideas in other cities, say like Vilnius, or Minsk. Wireless radio stations are built in all capitals, connecting parliament buildings. It is quickly realized that without clear encryption protocols, radio signals could be intercepted by any reciever so long as they had the right frequency. This causes the radiocommunications frequencies to become top secret information, and for most sensitive information to be omitted from radio, at least for the time being. Colonies expand their maximum, about 40,000 each, I think. In any case, the Christian government is defeated this year during their budget, already clinging to a horribly small minority government. The Conservative Party experiences a surge in popularity, much to the detriment of both them, and the Christians, as the Right wing vote is split, allowing the Liberals and Socialists to take their seats. The Final Results are as follows: A Majority coalition government is formed with 555 seats by the United Liberal Party, controlling 356 seats, and the New Democratic Party, controlling 198 seats. The Official Opposition is represented by the Christian Social Union, controlling 109 seats. The Government is also opposed by the National-Conservative Party, controlling 98 seats, the Grand Union Agrarian Party, controlling 61 seats, the Lithuanian Nationalist Union, controlling 33 seats, and the Lithuanian National Democratic Coalition, controlling 14 seats. 33 seats remain vacant, while 97 deputees sit without allegiance. This election saw the official end of the Industrialist faction, having lost all their seats to the NDP.

1903

 * Commonwealth Kingdoms of Hamburg, Hanover, Prussia, Westphalia, Rhineland, Kuba, and the non-incorporated Kingdom of New Rugia: New Mecklenburg, New Lüneburg, Kameroon, and German West Africa expand by 750px each. In November in the Lübeck Naval Shipyards, the SMS Fürchtennicht is launched, boasting thicker armor, more powerful turbines, and heavier armament. It utilizes a previously unused "all-big gun" layout, abandoning medium-sized secondary armaments common on older battleships. Six more of Fürchtennichts class in planned, with a new class currently in design. Meanwhile, after years of preparation, several expeditions are sent towards the South Pole, each of them looking to become the first to reach it. None of them do, and several die of exposure, but they set of supply depots that will be needed for future expeditions. In related Antarctic news, Germans present on Antarcticas coast propose expanding the German claim to a fifteen degree longitude wide area.
 * Indian Empire: Queen Nur Jehan was proclaimed the Empress of India in 1888, starting a new era. The Indian population rose to about 331,772,000, and the flocking of the people to coastal cities continued, with a mass increase of population in Kolkata, Mahmudpur, Karachi, Mumbai, Surat and various other minor cities and townships throughout the state. The Indian army, equipped with semi-modern armaments stood at 720,000 troops with an additional 250,000 reserves whilst the Imperial Guard was composed of 20,000 troops and the armament industry thrived on local and national level, with armaments rarely imported from foreign nations. The Indian navy experimented on ironclads and had started production of larger classes of steam engine ships, churning out first rate ironclads for various fleets, and more third rates, and fourth rates with the occasional second rate to augment the smaller patrol fleets with 40% of the national navy harboured at the Andaman and Kolkata ports. In agriculture was the largest economic focus of Bengal, exporting various crops to foreign nations with the international jute and cotton textile production largely under Indian control. Along the same time, the Indian Renaissance were in full swing, with movements such as the Young India movement having aided in national modernisation and a massive rise in literacy and education. Moreover, promotion of industrialisation and capitalism allowed the Imperial authorities to construct a Trans-National Railway, connecting the entire Empire as well as introduction of many other commodities such as telephones, bulbs, electricity. A Bengali scientist Jagadish Chandra Bose effectively used Galena crystals for constructing radio receivers. The Galena receivers of Bose were used to receive signals consisting of shortwave, white light and ultraviolet light. Bose patented the use of Galena Detector which he called Point Contact Diode using Galena [Mil/Eco Turn]
 * Khedivate of Bahamani: The Capital of Bahamani was Hyderabad and the population was 68.2 million. The Bahamani military was modernised, standing at roughly 80,000 and a major port and naval base was constructed at Mahmudpur, with 25% of the national navy harboured at Bahamani ports. In the economic sector, rice played the role as a major food crop to be exported. However, other important crops such as cotton, sugar cane, mango and tobacco maintained a major presence in Bahamanis exports as well. About the same time, the Bahamani textile and fishery industries reached new heights.
 * Khedivate of Punjab: The Capital of Punjab was Lahore and the population was 48.8 million. The Punjabi military was modernised, standing at roughly 160,000. In the economic sector, wheat played the role as a major food crop to be exported. However, other important crops such as rice, cotton, cotton and ruits maintained a major presence in Punjabs exports as well. About the same time, the Punjabi rock-salt, sugar and leather industries were of significant importance as well.
 * Khedivate of Vijaynagar: The Capital of Vijaynagar was Coimbatore and the population was 38.4 million. The Vijaynagari military was modernised, standing at roughly 120,000 with 15% of the national navy harboured at Vijaynagari ports. In the economic sector, rice played the role as a major food crop to be exported. However, other important crops such as tea, sugar cane, mango and tobacco maintained a major presence in Vijaynagars exports as well. About the same time, the Vijaynagari fishery and leather industries were of significant importance as well.
 * Indian Overseas Territories: Aceh, Mauritius, Tromelin and Reunion.
 * The Caliphate: Drastically tries to develop military and the economy of the nation. We begin to construct the nation to its previous extent and glory. With the agreement with Rome, we begin to ease tensions with our previous enemy. Also, with the ownership of the entire Persian Gulf, we dominate trade in the region. We improve Mecca every year, donating a significant part of our treasury to the Holy City. A significant number of ships are built for our fleet. We resume to improve cities and establish the capital of the Caliphate as Baghdad, as for diplomatic reason, Mecca is impractical. We also start to press claims on Tartary-owned Persia and Central Asia. The Caliphate: with the war, we try to maintain our economy at a minimum. We begin to construct the nation to its previous extent and glory. With the agreement with Rome, we begin to ease tensions with our previous enemy. Also, with the ownership of the entire Persian Gulf, we dominate trade in the region. We improve Mecca every year, donating a significant part of our treasury to the Holy City. A significant number of ships are built for our fleet. We resume to improve cities and establish the capital of the Caliphate as Baghdad, as for diplomatic reason, Mecca is impractical. We also start to press claims on Tartary-owned Persia and Central Asia. We welcome and accept all trade proposals. Caliph Hakeem continues to incorporates the old system of Shura, democratically electing the new Caliph after the current one those, however, with a little modification: Caliphs can be only elected from one of four houses, all of them requiring to claim to come from Prophet Muhammad: House Hashemite, House Abbasid, House Fatimid, and the Alids or House of Ali, to please the Shias living in the realm. With the acquisition of Tartary Central Asia, we begin to promote a pan-Muslim state, instead of an Arab state. We emphasize that the Caliph is the leader of the entire Islamic community, rather than Arabs. A new Caliph is elected who marries the Queen of India. 
 * Wilayet of Habsha: The Caliphates African lands expand by 10,000px. Also, local people are granted greater autonomy.
 * Posting for Josh, cause he asked me. ~ Rimp
 * Korea: Korea continues to build up its military. Meanwhile, more Taoist and Buddhist temples are built. Taoism rises in popularity and gains more followers. Regular (read: not Imperial) Shinto gains a few more followers as well, mainly along the coastline in Southeastern Korea, particularly in Busan, Jejudo, Ulsan, and the coastal cities and coastal towns of Southern Gyeongsang Province. Mahayana Tao-Shintoism also continues to grow, and begins gaining followers from the areas where Shinto is growing, with some Shintoists switching to Mahayana Tao-Shintoism. The military in the colony of Haejagang (해자강) continues to be on high alert and continues to heavily patrol the Korean settlements. Meanwhile, industrialisation and modernisation continues in Korea (similar to OTL Japan's Meiji Restoration). Monarch Hyomyeong continues investing in technology and science.
 * Borealia_Flag_2.pngUnion of Borealia: Both the economy and military improve across all the provinces of the Union. The thriving industries now run entirely on petroleum, procured from the oil collected from Alaska and California. While the traditional hearts of each city, particularly New Vienna, continue to reflect the same idyllic Baroque style, newer expansions to these urban centers are packed with factories and other industrial equipment. Cities recently built in southern California and northern Alaska are much more developed, as some parts of the Kiatagmiut province are almost unrecognizable. The economy of the Union stems from the exportation of natural resources. San Francisco and Mamterlliq continue to be the main centers of the gold trade, while oil wells begin to speckle the coastal range of California. More oil wells are built in Upper Alaska, bringing entrepreneurs to that region. Large monopolies on lumber and animal products are also prevalent in Santiago and Pannenstiel. All of these businesses are connected with diesel trains that span the continent. As the various earlier philosophies continue to grow and factionalize, these turn into competing ideas that promote further progression and ingenuity from the younger generation. Kinetiscopes become more popular. New Munich becomes the first city partially run on electrical power, and now light bulbs begin replacing gas lamps. As scientists explore mechanisms at smaller levels, it is theorized that all matter behaves like a particle and wave. Machine guns continue to improve with Andean supplies. X-rays are being used to interpret internal injuries. Submarines begin to be built for the purpose of breaking through northern ice caps. We continue to uphold the New Munich Declaration along with Algonquia, Reme, Mexaca, and Arcadia. An organization for promoting peace in the Pacific is established, whose members currently include Korea, China and Ayutthaya.  As more industrial goods continue to pour in from Reme, Borealian entrepreneurs begin selling more oil, gold, lumber, and livestock to the East Coast. Industrial goods are sent to Brazil and China to improve their respective economies. Support continues to be given to the Republican rebels in China . Seeing the great corruption and sin in San Francisco, the Reformist Church begins prophesying against the city, saying that it will face destruction within a few years. Adding on the earthquake panic already in the city, many people begin investing in technology to protect buildings from earthquakes, and urge the city government to form an evacuation plan. Most rational people, however, ignore this as superstition. 
 * The State of Australia: The ports continue to be expanded and the new city of Dandiri is built on the Pacific Coast. As more businesses are taken up by Muslim natives, the German colonists begin migrating to the new communities farther inland. Schools and media centers are established that teach Borealianist philosophy along with essential education. An irrigation program continues to be designed, with the hopes of aiding settlements in the outback. Supplies and engineers are continually sent to the Timor Sultanate to improve their industry.
 * The Commonwealth of Oceana: Naval bases continue being built to enforce claims on several islands (from OTL Palau to Fiji). A major naval base is constructed on the Island of Midway in the Republic of Hawaii. Another major naval base is constructed in Fiji to complement the base on Midway. Exploration of West Antarctica continues. We encourage the states of Japan, Rome and Andea to consider the proposed Treaty of Midway in order to establish peace in the Pacific.
 * Colony of Kinshasa: The colony grows greatly this year with added territory purchased from the French at 14 million Francs. Much of the technical labor force is replaced with French colonists. A lumber company is built to complement the mining company already existing.
 * Ruthenia: The Ruthenians continue to expand industry as a way to repair the economy after the end of the war. More and more people move to the city from the country in pursuit of jobs. The Ruthenians begin research into airship production.
 * Ban Republic of Croatia (Banska Republika Hrvatska): Sewerage systems similar to Ragusan ones are built in major towns of the Archvoivodeship. With growing Ragusan influence, and the beginning of further colonization, the navy expands rapidly using much of the Ragusan expertise. Moreover, with the influx of new resources in form of lumber, labour and metals, the navy begins expanding at a fast rate. More and more ships capable of crossing the Atlantic with ease are built. The Sabor intends to restore the glorious naval culture of the Neretva peoples and plans to do so by expanding the navy. The kravata (tie) is more and more used as an accessory. Trade routes are strengthened and the salt mines around Tuzla are explored as well as the salt industry in Pag and Nin. Using irrigation from the Danube, Sava, Drava, Drina, Cetina, Una, Vrbaš, Kupa, Neretva and other rivers the fields in the kingdom are developed, used for crops such as wheat, rye and barley. With trade routes increasing and Croatia entering an era of peace and of stability, the development of new trade ships is issued. Stone mining is furthered as well as the timber industry. The need for these resources rises as urbanization carries on. Iron ores in Dugopolje, Zenice and at last the 'mud' ore in Vojvodina and Eastern Slavonia are to be exploited alongside the silver and copper ores more frequently and of better quality than the iron ores. The exploitation of iron ores in the Lika and Gorski kotar areas continues. The salt industry in Ston is funded by the government. The influx of resources from Dahomey aids the economy. However, the government makes sure that the gold arriving isn't immediately put on the market in order to control the inflation in the worth of gold. The silver mine in Srebrenica is mined. Kotor Saraka (Adelaide) continues to expand. A man named Mikula Milutin Draganić from Zadar begins catching the attention of the government after he begins claiming that he could redesign generators to be more efficient. By the end of the year, through help of government funds, he designs the so called Draganić coil.
 * Županija Dahomey: The natural resources are quickly put to use, such as coconuts, cotton both refined and raw as well as the gold. Finally, the wood industry prospers as materiel is needed for new ships that would help keep the connection between Croatia and Dahomey strong.
 * Isles of the Archvoivodeship (Otoci Nadvojvodstva): The infrastructure is built up.
 * Županija of Hercules Pillars' (Županija Herkulovih Stupova): The županija's pivotal position as a trade nod creates an a sufficite allowing for the economy to expand.
 * Ban Republic of Carantania (Banska Republika Karantanija): Being Alpine Slavic nation, the leaders begin a programme to create a standardized Carantanian language that will reflect on both the Slavic and Alpine (Germanic) aspects of Carantania.
 * Sukadang Županija: Croatization. Expansion onto the other parts of Borneo.
 * Morocco: The Sultanate of Morocco continues to improve its economy, infrastructure and build up its military, mainly the army and navy. Morocco continues to westernize the nation and the population continues to grow by adding 400,000 people every year. The population of Morocco now stands at 11.8 million people, while the number of military troops stands at 110,000 soldiers. Number of ships active in Moroccan Navy stands at 40 ironclad ships, 14 frigates, four cruisers and four destroyers. The nation expands by 10,000 px per year to keep it stronger and independent, with a few new cities being built. After Moroccan borders reached three West African countries, Morocco declares war on three various West African countries as Moroccan Colonial War in Africa, invade it with 20,000 soldiers. Roads and railroads are built between old and new cities. Fewer schools, museums, colleges and more houses, hospitals, power plants and mining plants are built. The mining plants produces materials coal, iron and now gold and copper, which later used as products from industries. Industry continues improving and few factories are built along in cities, creating jobs for people of Morocco. The telephone/communications and mosaics industries continue to grow under a few large monopolies. A few docks and mosques are built. The Moroccan Navy continues building a series of armored destroyers, cruisers and cargo ships which destroyers later added to Moroccan Navy and cargo ships are for trade and for future tensions. Trade with various major European powers decides economic boom of Morocco and Morocco's largest exports are mosaics and largest imports are mostly food. Artillery becomes more widely used in combat and some industries continues building a series of wartime artillery, which later added it to Moroccan Armed Forces. Meanwhile, few new trains are produced and one new railway line is opened in service. Sultan Abdelaziz continues to plan new reforms for Morocco and continues investing heavily in technology and science. Morocco continue improving relations with Roman Empire, Spain and France to seek friendly alliances in future. With Indian Empress Farah Shah visiting Morocco, Morocco requests Indian Empire a trade agreement. The Royal Moroccan Football Federation is founded in March 1903 as governing body of football in Morocco, also RMFF founded the official Morocco national football team based in Rabat. Shortly after birth of Moroccan football, 5 local football clubs are founded in largest cities between May and November 1903. These football clubs are based in Rabat, Fes, Tétouan, Casablanca and Marrakesh.
 * ​The Indian Empire signs a trade agreement with Morocco. 
 * Lombardy: Our military is continuing to increase due to tensions rising in Europe. Factories mostly make weapons for our military. With the increase of factories in the nation, more jobs are being made. The employment rate has continue increase in the nation. Agriculture is our best industry in the nation. The railway industry is continuing to work on improving the tracks. Doctors are now continue to use X-rays to see the inside of people. Trade goes well with the Roman Empire. The navy continues to make ships for trade and for future tensions. We start to build many buildings like hospitals, colleges, banks, and modern suburban homes. While decreasing the number of churches in the nation.
 * Andea: The Nation of Andea rapidly expands its industry, with a growing call for labour rights. The average yearly wage increases to 550 reals, and for the first time the government set a yearly minum wage of 300 reals per year (for adults working full time jobs). The cost of living remains low, at roughly 1000 reals, with some areas having as low as 670 reals and as high as 8000 reals. City living becomes more popular, as more jobs emerge in the industrial sector of the economy. The cities of Chiribaya-Cuzco, Peru and Nazca all have populations Greater than one million. Cuzco now has a population greater than two million. New Burgandy also grows to a population of 600,000. The military stands at 550,000 men, with service remaining compulsory. Population continues to grow steadily, with the population standing at 64.9 Million and rising steadly. The telephone/communications industry continues to grow under a few large monopolies. This industry trend is not unique to, but most notable in the communications industry. The Hesperia First Party continues to gain political steam, while the Nationals and Republicans lose more and more power. The Republican Party wins the presidency and the Upper House of the Senate. The Communist and Socalist parties also see significant gains, gaining one seat each. The Hesperia First party gains 18 seats, and the Nationals lose 33 seats. The Navy expands rapidly, with the introduction of Armored Cruisers and Greek fire. The Army also expands, with the adoption of the Galvin 2, an improved version of the Galvin Repeater. A new rifle, the Grant-Ramon Rifle, is adopted into the Andean military. Census results, combined with government estimates, place the number Andeans (Quechua, Mapuche or Mestizo) at 63% of the nations population, with the next largest group being Spanish (13%), French (9%), German (6%), East Asian (5%), and other (4%). Census results find that the fastest growing ethnic group is East Asian.
 * Protectorate of Cape Ferdinand: The Protectorate, now free of the Dutch, begins an expansion of its navy and military. An Andean garrison of 35,000 men is stationed in the territory, with an additional 5000 local troops. The territory remains a critical location for travel. Population stands at 105,000. An additional force of 50,000 men is stationed in the territory.
 * Protectorate of Sudafrica: With the End of the South African war, the nation comes into the Andean Sphere. The nation continues to rebuild and reform. Literacy rates improve, as does general health in the nation. more later.
 * United Nordic Republics
 * ​Republic of Denmark: The repair of Copenhagen continues this year. Hans Kuschek continues to lead the free people of Denmark with a 63% approval rating. Denmark continues sending troops to Iceland as the Winter War draws to a close. With the Treaty of Rekyjavik being signed, Denmark applauds Iceland's efforts in its victory against Borealia and Algonquia. It eagerly anticipates a return to peace. Roads are repaired in Jutland after the winter as docks are serviced. In the meantime, a telephone line is established between Zealand and Jutland, allowing for faster communication. A phone line across the Kattegat is planned as early as 1884. A new protected cruiser class, the Stejlt-Class, is produced. The Stejlt-Class is replacing the Jernskrog-Class cruiser, which saw heavy action during the Nordic Revolutions. There are over 200 ships in total flying Danish colors.
 * Republic of Sweden: Rebuilding efforts in Stockholm continues. Three former members of the Reiksdag of Sweden are found and beheaded in Copenhagen. The Intemerhuvudsak is invented. This device beheads people quickly and painlessly. Construction on the new Riksdag Building continues  in Stockholm. The roads to Finland and Norway are repaved. These roads, which saw extensive damage due to weathering and the Nordic Revolutions, are in dire need of repair. Currently, the Riksdag is dominated by the Social Democratic party, with a whopping 82% of popular vote going to the Social Democratic party of Sweden. Juhanni Eriksen remains in power. Sweden adopts the Stejt-Class protected cruiser. Currently, there are 93 ships in total flying Swedish colors. The military of Sweden improves.
 * Republic of Norway: Christjen Sigurson continues his term as president of the Norwegian Republic. Norway produces the Knulleskipetditt-Class protected cruiser, deciding the Stejt-Class is unfit for patrolling the North Sea and the open waters. Three are produced. In the meantime, Norway sends troops to the cause in the Winter War, congratulating Iceland on a victory. Christjen Sigurdson states the necessity of good relations with Algonquia and Borealia following this war. "Now that we've settled these differences, let's get back to making money." There are currently 193 ships flying Norwegian colors.
 * Republic of Finland: Jonna Kekkonnen visits the Karelian cities this year. She wishes to improve the cities of Karelja, forming the Karelja Initiative. In the meantime, landlines to Sweden and Norway are proposed. Construction is mid-way by Christmas this year. She sends money and foodstuff to Helluland in the Winter War. The Anaalihävityksen-Class protected cruiser is commissioned, though Finland is more interested in buying used ships from the Nordic Revolutions where applicable. The city of Helsinki sees drastic growth this year as urbanization in Finland continues. Kekkekon continues to fight for women's rights. There are 73 ships in Finland's navy. In the meantime, seeing Reme's success with powered flight, Finland considers recreating the experiment.
 * Commonwealth of Iceland: Iceland's immediate concern, the Winter War, seems to be over. The people of Iceland rejoice. Literacy programs in Iceland begin. According to the Alting, too many people 'can't figure out how to spell our damn words right.' Reykyjavik sees improvements this year. The University of Reykyjavik opens its doors in 1881. The university is noted for being the 'North Pole of Academia.' Speaking of the North Pole, expeditions are sent to the Arctic ice cap to investigate the North Pole. The navy of Iceland improves, with the Augapóker-Class cruiser being released this year. Iceland wishes to increase relations with Algonquia and Borealia, offering to re-open the embassy in Helluland and Rekyjavik.
 * Peoples Republic of China: The Peoples Republic supports communists in other Chinese nations not in the PRC following the Civil War and breakup. We support the Chinese Communist Party in the Republic of China as the election is this year. We also build up our military further and place troops along the borders. We begin primitive war simulations including trench warfare with our troops fighting soldiers roleplaying as the enemy, with all our allies. According to our calculations, with no outside aid, the Independent Republic of Tibet would fall easily to our forces.
 * Emeraldie:  New construction starts on the nation's ports, farms and mines to increase the nation's exports and economic strength.  The land forces is reorganised to include 90,000 men, with 70,000 in reserve, modernisation of the armed forces occur.  Vast industrial expansion occurs in the region following years of government encouragement and subsidies, the transnational railway is completed.  We expand 800 px into the continent's interior. Work continues on construction of the Emerald Canal and vast expansion of oil production begins after the government provides subsidies to entrepreneurs.
 * Emeraldie Pacific Territories: A legislative parliament is created to take care of local issues. The South Pacific station is expanded with new modern ships. The territory government is granted the ability to control a small armed force to maintain peace in the region and protect from native aggression, its current numbers are around 3200 men.
 * Algonquia declares war on Iceland, seeking to redress the insult of the earlier Winter War and gain vengeance for the earlier attack on Algonquia. Using new conscription practices, 150,000 men are mobilized, and they attack north along the Arctic railroad into Scandinavian territory. Massive stockpiles of supplies are shipped along the railroad, while winter clothing is issued to prevent the suffering of the earlier war. The heavily mined St. Lawrence is closed to shipping, defended by hundreds of torpedo boats and massive shore batteries, while reserves are called up in case of necessity.
 * Sahtudene sends aid to the war, but does not participate, although Kitlineq expands the max amount.
 * Lukaian also sends aid to the war.
 * The Union of Borealia also declares war on Iceland and leads an invasion of 200,000 troops from the Yukon. Some navy is also deployed through the Northwest Passage.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire is now at a period of peace and prosperity after a long period of war and uncertainty. Roman trade routes stretch across most of the world in the pursuit of wealth and trade goods and Roman military might remains a powerful force in Europe and other parts of the world. The Roman central government does what it can to address all of the issues of the various archonates within the Empire and ensure that their needs are met even as they help instill strength in the central government. Railroads are constructed around the nation to help connect the Empire and its peoples and steamships are used for much the same purpose on water. To further strengthen its position in Africa, the Roman government begins to make official claims in the Saharan desert north of Egypt's southern border. However, some in the Empire scoff at this, suggesting that the Empire is wasting its time claiming barren land and should focus on more resourceful areas of Africa, Asia or Europe. As European interest in Africa begins to heat up, Roman officials begin exploring possible resources or benefits from extended interaction with Madagascar, and trade and diplomats are directed there to assess the situation. Trade also expands with Hawaii, which becomes an impressive conduit of trade for Roman merchants and businesses. As such, the Empire takes an interest in Hawaii, but rather than try to annex it, as it is too far from Roman authority to do so, Roman officials instead would like to see a strong and friendly Hawaii. Weapons and officers are sent to Hawaii to help train their soldiers and protect their independence. The Roman Empire responds to the increased activity of Communist insurgency in other nations in Europe by adopting a more aggressive stance. Troops are sent to Gothia and Ruthenia to protect against potential Communist aggression from the north, and the Roman Empire begins making overtures towards Croatia, Transylvania and Vlachia to prepare their defences. The Roman Empire also deploys more troops to Italy to present a clear vanguard against potential aggression from Communist France or Lombardy, which is seen as soon falling to Communists while the Roman Empire is forbidden by treaty to intervene. The Roman Empire is concerned with the fall of the Tartary to the Communist hordes, and is particularly concerned that the Caliphate has aligned itself towards the hordes. Fears of being surrounded soon start to build up in the Roman government, and as a result the Roman government does what it can to help shore up its defenses both physical and diplomatic. The Roman Empire expands trade, industry and military training to members of the Holy League, hoping to create and re-inforce a stable and strong military alliance in the Empire's sphere of influence. The Roman Empire is forced to take drastic measures in recent years, as the expansion of Communism is considered unacceptable. Roman officials draft and generally pass Plan East, which calls for strengthening the Roman Empire's allies in the Holy League so they can protect the Roman Empire's flank while the Roman Empire concentrates on a potential eastern front. Military officers and engineers travel to Armenia, Georgia, Assyria, and Transylvania to train and improve those countries in all matters martial and industrial. The same goes for the Caliphate, hoping that the Caliphate would provide the crucial link in the chain for eastern defense. To further update the Empire's strength, the Roman Empire militarizes, and the Senate mandates that the Roman military be at a total size of 850,000 in peacetime and that a million man army must be able to be mobilized within a few weeks. Threats of Communism in Lombardy are too large to be ignored, so Roman forces militarize in Italy and pledge that no former treaty will hold Roman forces back if Lombardy becomes a clear threat. Remnants of the Vlachian government flee to the Roman Empire or Transylvania and call for intervention in Vlachia. Roman and Vlachian forces move in, securing the southern part of the country and stopping at the Wallachian-Moldavian border, as per the compromise between the Communists and Monarchists. Support for the true Vlachian government rises, and the Roman Empire provides the southern government the resources it needs to get itself back on its feet. To help stabilize its northern border, train cars full of weapons and ammo are sent to Croatia, hopefully to bolster that front. Parades take place in Constantinople and other cities celebrating Armenia's entry into the Empire. The region soon undergoes reformation and new borders, as Armenia is united with Cilicia to form greater Armenia, while some of the south is constituted as a new region of Kurdistan.
 * Tatar Empire:  The fall of the Tartary is a huge surprise, and many officials fled to Roman lands. However, the Roman Empire was able to set up a puppet government claiming legitimacy from the remnants of the Tartary. The Tatar royal family is installed as the leaders of this puppet state, with much of the government based on that of the Roman Empire. The Roman Empire does what it can to industrialize and modernize the puppet state, which effectively only controls the Black Sea coast. Effort is put entirely into the army, as there is no power that can challenge the might of the Roman navy in the Black Sea. Demoralized remnants of the Tartar Army along with volunteers are trained by Roman officers to help get the state back on its feet.
 * Reme: Reme begins to build up its military and economy. Reme elects a new president and starts to build up its navy. Meanwhile, trade is improved on, with industrialization, mainly former Byzantine areas slowly being introduced to populous areas. Lumber, cash crops, and other goods become a major export of Reme, and starts getting Reme a jump-start into the European economy. There is also the creation of New navy ships, to help modernize the Reman navy. Coal mines are built, and starts churning out coal at a consistent rate. Coal mining plants are also started to be upgraded. Reme also starts very slowly changing its focus to industrial things, with a nation wide railroad being considered to be built. Industrialization of river areas continue, as well as the production of textiles to cheaper the price of Reman cotton. Meanwhile, a Socialist-based party starts to gain seats in parliament, with plans to make Reme a more self-sufficient state. People are getting anxious over the threat of Communism to Reme, and vote on the crackdown of Communist sympathizers and their families. The Reman government is pleased that Pearl River has voted to join the Empire, and promises that their rights and property will be maintained. The Reman military is improved a bit in an effort to hold up its part of the Fraternal Alliance. The Franqi brothers begin experimenting with the idea of heavier-than-air flight, but the task is daunting and will take some time to perfect a flying device. They manage to create a working model which flies for several seconds. However, it isn't impressive enough and they continue their work.
 * Protectorate of Wolof: Wolof begins to build up its military and economy. Reman food and supplies come in to help the formerly starving nation, as well as the Reman military to help sustain order. Some representation is given in the Reman Parliament, to give Wolof a minimal say in how Reme should be run. Meanwhile, plans to industrialize the coastal areas as well as plans for fortifications are presented, and are started to be worked on.
 * Protectorate of Wolof: Wolof begins to build up its military and economy. Reman food and supplies come in to help the formerly starving nation, as well as the Reman military to help sustain order. Some representation is given in the Reman Parliament, to give Wolof a minimal say in how Reme should be run. Meanwhile, plans to industrialize the coastal areas as well as plans for fortifications are presented, and are started to be worked on.

1904
''' A tornado strikes Moscow, causing moderate amounts of damage to the suburbs. '''

''' Olympic results will be declared after I finish dinner. '''