Science and Technology (1983: Doomsday)

Communications
Communication in the northern hemisphere was widely affected on Doomsday, notably due to EMP but also by mass destruction of most of the populations centers. However, in the southern hemisphere existing technology, including celluar phones, and the development of computer networks made communication to continue as usual.

Northern Hemisphere
Since the nuclear exchange was primarily in the northern hemisphere, communications there were thrown back to an era before Bell and Edison. Though local nuclear explosions create electromagetic pulses (EMPs) of their own, the real destruction of communications came not as a consequence, but as a purposeful "attack from space" by both the USA and the USSR. The United States had placed a high yield nuclear bomb on an ICBM that reached a height of 300 miles over western USSR, producing a blackout of most of the populated republics of Russia and Kazakhstan (along with "bystander" Finland). However, since the US had bases all over western Europe, and the USSR in its puppet states, communication became impossible in most of the "old world."

Meanwhile, over North America, the USSR had exploded two nuclear bombs 120 miles over mid-America using ICBM's that weren't able to reach the height of 300 miles which was necessary for a single blast to decapacitate the "lower 48 states." As a result, although much of Canada's government was silenced (being along the border, Mexico remained almost totally unaffected. Of the states of the United States, Alaska retained communications outside of the bombed cities of Anchorage and Fairbanks. Hawaii, being a lot smaller, suffered from local bombs on two of its main islands.

In affected nations, all unshielded electronics were "fried" by electronic energy that flowed through tiny wired and printed circuits. Since most major population centers were hit directly by bombs, there were very few shielded electronics anywhere. As a result, all telephone, radio and television communications ended in affected areas for as long as twenty years. In these areas, where electricity was restored, simple electrical telegraphy became the earliest form of long-distant communication. For the most part, though, isolated communities began to resort to "city-state" status just to survive.

In the larger nation-states that arose, however, a rebuilding of the electrical grid became a major priortity. Older equipment that had survived the EMP's began to be put into service as soon as electricity was available. In some places batteries were used even before power grids were up. Printing presses were the first forms of mass information to be refurbished, followed by weak radio stations. Citizen band radios became popular as more were reconstructed or obtained from areas outside of the EMP areas (northern Canada and southern Mexico in the case of the United States). Slowly, mostly after 2000, televisions stations became operational. Even then, though, explorers from unaffected area had recieved no definitive signals as late as 2008 when the League of Nations was formed.

Southern Hemisphere
As the world was "coming apart" north of the equator, the nations to the south opened to new possibilities. When scientists in South America (especially Brazil) and Australia realized that any research in computer technologies from IBM and Apple in the USA was forthcoming, they began to work on innovations of their own. The science was, after all, over thirty years in the making and machines were in place in major universities and government facilities all over the developing world. Radio, television and the newspapers continued as they had in the years before Doomsday.

Military Technologies
Nuclear weapons are banned by the LoN.

Climatology
In 1983, the world was changed due to the military exchange which means cases of cancer have risen 100 fold but with government propaganda about UV suits people are used to it.

Energy
In 1997, production began on Hawaii's Big Island of sugarcane-based automobile fuel. This has become a major industry in the Free State.

Agriculture
Since Doomsday, agriculture has been patchy because a lot of places the ground is still irradiated. This has led to the obvious food shortages, but in 1997 scientists in the cloned a sheep. This led to the widespread specualtion that cloning could be used to repopulate the animal herds of targeted nations.

Aerospace technology

 * Guiana Space Centre -the LoN run worldwide center of rocketry and spatial activities.

A History Technology and Science after Doomsday
After the war most countries focused on the survival of mankind. As things began to improve, new technologies came into existence.

2000: Breakthrough
The first worldwide communication network accessible via computer terminals in public sites worldwide was created in 2000. The Argentina-Chile - SAC initiated "Red Mundial de Communicacion" (REMUNDO), known just as REM.

2005-2008: Development
October 2008 Karin unveils the first hybrid automobile