Timeline (Grand Union)

This is the abridged timeline page for the Grand Union beginning from Pharaoh Hor-Aha's birth into the present day. Each century, however, holds a more in-depth description of the events that occurred specifically in the time frame. The timeline covers everything from wars, scientific breakthroughs, industrial expansions, to important births that changed the course of time. If you want to learn more details about each century, click on the links in the headings.

32nd Century BCE

 * 3200 BCE: King Iry-Hor reigns from Abydos over most of Egypt.
 * 3200-3150 BCE: Reign of King Ka in Egypt.
 * 3127 BCE: King Narmer is born in Egypt.
 * 3112-3102 BCE: Upper and Lower Egyptian Unification War
 * 3102 BCE: King Narmer unites the Kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt, marking the beginning of the Egyptian Empire.
 * 3102 BC: The beginning of Kali Yuga.

31st Century BCE

 * 3100 BCE: Pharaoh Hor-Aha is born.
 * 3100 BCE: The earliest phase of Stonehenge construction begins.
 * 3100 BCE: Humans develop their first writing system, cuneiform script.
 * 3100 BCE: Copper begins to implemented into tools and weaponry.
 * 3100 BCE: Drainage and sewage system in the Indus Valley.
 * 3100 BCE: Dams, canals, stone sculptures using inclined plane and lever in Sumer and the Tigris-Euphrates Valley. Then eventually in the Nile.
 * 3100 BCE: Senet is one of the oldest known board games in the world.
 * 3073 BCE: Hor-Aha's heir Djer is born.
 * 3070 BCE: Pharaoh Narmer dies, Hor-Aha then ascends the throne.
 * 3068 BCE: Pharaoh Hor-Aha declares war on the Nubian tribes to the west of the Egyptian Kingdom, killing their leader Ta-Sety, the tribe then escapes west.
 * 3044 BCE: Djer's daughter Mernith is born.
 * 3043 BCE: First son of Djer, Pharaoh Djet is born.
 * 3037 BCE: Pharaoh Hor-Aha dies, his son Djer claims the throne.

30th Century BCE

 * 3000 BCE: Image of a deity, detail from a cong recovered from a tomb; Fanshan, Yuyao, Zhejiang, is made. Neolithic period. Liangzhu culture.
 * 3000 BCE: Early agriculture in North Africa.
 * 3000–2600 BCE: Early Harappan period continues in the Indus Valley.
 * 3000 BCE: Caral, the first city in the Suyo, starts to be built.
 * 3000 BCE: Troy is founded.
 * 3000 BCE: There is an intense phase of burial at Duma na nGiall on the Hill of Tara, the ancient seat of the High King of Ireland.
 * 3000 BCE: Stonehenge begins to be built. In its first version, it consists of a circular ditch and bank, with 56 wooden posts.
 * 3000-2000 BCE: World population about 30 million.
 * 3000 BCE: Epidamnos civilization starts.
 * 3000 BCE: Cycladic civilization in the Aegean Sea starts.
 * 3000 BCE: Minoan civilization starts.
 * 3000 BCE: Helladic period starts.
 * 3000 BCE: Norte Chico civilization in Northern Peru starts.
 * 3000 BCE: The Angono Petroglyphs are carved in the Philippines.
 * 3000 BCE: Aegean Bronze Age starts.
 * 3000-2000 BCE: Hieroglyphic writing in Egypt, potter's wheel in China, first pottery in the Americas (in Ecuador).
 * 3000 BCE: Sumerians establish cities.
 * 3000 BCE: Sumerians start to work in various metals.
 * 3000 BCE: Knowledge of Ancient Near Eastern grains appears in Ancient China.
 * 3000-2000 BCE: Settled villages are widespread in Mesoamerica.
 * 3000 BCE: The shekel was introduced in Mesopotamia as a monetary and weight unit.
 * 2999 BCE: Future Pharaoh Den is born, he is actually the son of Djet and his consort Ahaneith.
 * 2996 BCE: Pharaoh Djer dies, his son Djet takes the throne.
 * 2969 BCE: Pharaoh Djet dies, his wife Merenith takes the throne.
 * 2965 BCE: Future Pharaoh Anedjib is born.
 * 2959 BCE: Pharaoh Mernith dies, and her son Den takes the throne.
 * 2922 BCE: Pharaoh Den dies, Anedjib takes the throne.
 * 2918 BCE: Future Pharaoh Semerkhet is born.

29th Century BCE

 * 2900 BC: Beginning of the Early Dynastic Period I in Sumer.
 * 2900-2400 BCE: Sumerian pictographs evolve into phonograms.
 * 2900-2334 BCE: Mesopotamian wars of the Early Dynastic period.
 * 2900–2600 BCE: Votive statues from the Square Temple of Eshnunna (modern Tell Ashmar, Iraq) were made.
 * 2897 BCE: Hùng Vương established the Hồng Bàng Dynasty in Vietnam (then known as Văn Lang).
 * 2884 BCE: Qa'a son of Semerkhet is born.
 * 2879 BCE: Anedjib dies, Semerkhet takes the throne.
 * 2874 BCE: The 365-day calendar year was installed in ancient Egypt, with fixed lunar months of 30 days + five epagomenal days.[1]
 * 2852 BCE: The beginning of the period of the Three August Ones and Five Emperors in China.
 * 2845 BCE: Semerkhet dies of a heart attack in the middle of the day. His son Qa'a takes the throne.
 * 2841 BCE: Hotepsekhemwy is born, he is the first child born after his father is crowned Pharaoh.
 * 2814 BCE: Qa'a is killed by Hotepsekhemwy, he takes the throne, Hotepsekhemwy subsequently starts the '''Second Dynasty Era of Egypt.
 * 2810 BCE: Raneb the future Pharaoh is born.

28th Century BCE

 * 2784 BCE: Pharaoh Hotepsekhemwy dies, his son Raneb takes the throne.
 * 2770 BCE: Future Pharaoh Nynetjer is born, the first son of the new Second Dynasty.
 * 2750 BCE: End of the Early Dynastic I Period, and the beginning of the Early Dynastic II Period in Mesopotamia.
 * 2750 BCE: Estimated ending of the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture in the region of modern-day Romania, Moldova, and southwestern Ukraine.
 * 2737 BCE: Invention of tea as a beverage by Shennong, according to a Chinese legend.
 * 2731 BCE: Raneb dies, Nynetjer takes the throne.
 * 2730 BCE: Wadjenes is born.
 * 2726 BCE: Wenes is born.

27th Century BCE

 * 2697 BCE: The Yellow Emperor starts to reign in China.
 * 2695 BCE: Nynetjer dies, his first born Wadjenes is crowned Pharaoh and King of Lower Egypt, Weneg is crowned King of Upper Egypt.
 * 2688 BCE: Weneg declares war on Lower Egypt and Wadjenes.
 * 2683 BCE: Weneg is killed in battle, Wadjenes reunites Egypt.
 * 2682 BCE: Senedj is born.
 * 2669 BCE: Wadjenes dies, Senedj takes the throne.
 * 2652 BCE: Khasekhemwy is born.
 * 2640 BCE: The cultivation and weaving of silk starts to be a closely guarded secret in China.
 * 2630-2611 BCE: Construction the Pyramid of Narmer is dedicated to the first United Pharaoh of Egypt, Narmer.
 * 2618 BCE: Djoser is born.
 * 2627-2000 BCE: Construction of the Caral metropolis in Inca.
 * 2613 BCE: The Great Sphinx at Giza begins construction.
 * 2601 BCE: Great Pyramids at Giza begin construction and dedicated to Hor-Aha, Djer, Merenith, and Djet.
 * 2600 BCE: Mature Harappan phase of the Indus Valley Civilization begins.

26th Century BCE
'''
 * 2600-2500 BCE: Wild horses still provide hunting feasts in Danemark.
 * 2600-1900 BCE: Large water tank, possibly a public or ritual bathing area, Mohenjo-Daro, Indus Valley Civilization, Harappan, is made.
 * 2598 BCE: Senedj dies, Khasekhemwy takes the throne
 * 2589 BCE: Sekhemkhet is born
 * 2588 BCE: Khasekhemwy dies due to a heart attack, Djoser takes the throne
 * 2583-2563 BCE: Djoser begins rapid Egyptian expansion
 * 2545 BCE: Sanakht is born
 * 2541 BCE: Djoser, dies, Sekhemkhet takes the throne
 * 2515 BCE: Estimated date of completion of the '''Great Pyramid of Giza
 * 2512 BCE: Sekhemkhet dies, Sanakht takes the throne
 * 2509 BCE: Khaba is born
 * 2500 BCE: The legendary line of Sanhuangwudi rulers of China is founded by Huang Di.
 * 2500 BCE: the construction of the stone circle at Stonehenge begins and continues for the next five hundred years.

25th Century BCE

 * 2500 BCE: Rice was first introduced to Malaysia
 * 2500 BCE: Scribal schools flourish throughout Sumer.
 * 2500 BCE: People in Peru rely on fish and mussels for food.
 * 2500-2000 BCE: Mohenjo-daro is about 18 sq km in size and has a population of 20,000 to 50,000.
 * 2494 BCE: The Great Sphinx at Giza is completed
 * 2492 BCE: Traditional date for the legendary foundation of the Armenian nation by Hayk
 * 2472 BCE: Sanakht dies, Khaba takes the throne
 * 2459 BCE: Huni is born
 * 2450 BCE: Kish is lost to Khamazi tribesmen of the Kurdistan mountains; Elamites from Awan occupy parts of Sumer.
 * 2423 BCE: Sneferu is born
 * 2422 BCE: Khaba dies, Huni takes the throne
 * 2410 BCE: By this time, kings in Sumer have ceased to be automatically high priests of the city deity. Semitic infiltration and conquest of Mesopotamia begins.
 * 2400-2200 BCE: Construction of Stonehenge

24th Century BCE
'''
 * 2383 BCE: Huni dies, Sneferu takes the throne
 * 2380 BCE: Khufu is born
 * 2350 BCE: First destruction of the city of Mari.
 * 2350 BCE: Sneferu dies, Khufu takes the throne
 * 2348 BCE: Djedefre is born
 * 2340-2180 BCE: Akkadian Empire.
 * 2334-2279 BCE: '''Semitic chieftain Sargon of Akkad's conquest of Sumer and Mesopotamia.

23rd Century BCE

 * 2300 BCE: Khufu dies, Djedefre takes the throne.
 * 2300 BCE: Metals started to be used in Northern Europa.
 * 2300-2184 BCE: Disk of Enheduanna, from Ur, is made.
 * 2300–2200 BCE: Head of a man from Nineveh is made.
 * 2300 BCE: Canal Bahr Yusuf is created when the waterway from the Nile to the natural lake is widened and deepened to create a canal.
 * 2295 BCE: Khafra is born.
 * 2285 BCE: Enheduanna, high priestess of the moon god Nanna in Ur, was born.
 * 2260 BCE: Djedefre dies, Khafra takes the throne.
 * 2255 BCE: Menkaure is born.
 * 2254-2218 BCE: Stela of Naram-Sin, discovered in Susa is made.
 * 2250 BCE: Earliest evidence of maize cultivation in Central Suyo.
 * 2250 BCE: '''The Egyptian and Akkadian Empires go to war.
 * 2240 BCE: Akkad, capital of the Akkadian Empire, becomes the largest city in the world, surpassing Memphis, capital of Egypt.
 * 2220 BCE: Shepseskaf is born.
 * 2220 BCE: Scord of Brouster farmstead established
 * 2210 BCE: Khafra dies, Menkaure takes the throne.
 * 2205 BCE: Userkaf is born.

22nd Century BCE

 * 4.2 kiloyear event – a severe aridification event that probably lasted the entire 22nd century BCE and caused the collapse of several Old World civilizations.
 * 2180 BCE: Akkadian Empire fell under attack by the Guti (Mesopotamia), a mountain people from the northeast.
 * 2180 BCE: Menkaure dies, Shepseskaf takes the throne
 * 2170 BCE: Shepseskaf is killed by Userkaf, marking the end of the Second Dynasty and the beginning of the Third Dynasty.
 * 2167 BCE: Nebre is born
 * 2160 BCE: Beginning of Middle Minoan period in Crete.
 * 2150–2030 BCE: Gilgamesh epic was written.
 * 2144 BCE: Gudea, the ruler (ensi) of the city of Lagash, started to reign.
 * 2138 BCE: Babylon: A solar eclipse on 9 May and a lunar eclipse on 24 May occurred and are believed to be the double eclipse that took place 23 years after the ascension of king Shulgi of Babylon by those holding to the long chronology.
 * 2128 BCE: Userkaf dies, Nebre takes the throne
 * 2126 BCE: Unas is born
 * 2124 BCE: Gudea, the ruler (ensi) of the city of Lagash, died.
 * 2120 BCE: Votive statue of Gudea from Lagash was made.
 * 2119-2113 BCE: Utu-hengal, first king of the third dynasty of Ur.
 * 2116-2110 BCE: Uruk–Gutian war.
 * 2110-2095 BCE: Sumerian campaigns of Ur-Nammu.
 * 2104-2103 BCE: Date of the Biblical flood according to the Hebrew Calendar.

21st Century BCE

 * 2100-2050 BCE: Nanna Ziggurat, Ur was built.
 * 2093 BCE: Nebre dies, Unas takes the throne
 * 2091 BCE: Beginning of the Patriarchal Age was traditionally set in this year.
 * 2081 BCE: Ahmose is borns
 * 2071 BCE: Magh Ithe, first recorded battle in Eire myths.
 * 2070 BCE (disputable): Yu the Great set up the Xia Dynasty
 * 2050 BCE: The Eruption of Mt Mariveles in the Philippines, cause a great Ash falls.
 * 2049 BCE: Oak trees for Seahenge felled.
 * 2045 BCE: Yakbim is born
 * 2043 BCE: Unas dies, Ahmose takes the throne
 * 2040 BCE: Beginning of the Xia Dynasty, the first dynasty and government system in China.
 * 2034-2004 BCE: Ur–Amorite wars.
 * 2009 BCE: Ahmose dies, Yakbim takes the throne
 * 2004 BCE: Elamite destruction of Ur.
 * 2002 BCE: Wetka is born
 * 2000 BCE: Aegean Bronze Age ended.

20th Century BCE

 * 2000 BCE: Arrival of the ancestors of the Latins in Italy.
 * 2000 BCE: Town of Mantua was presumably founded.
 * 2000 BC: Stonehenge is completed.
 * 2000 BCE: Farmers and herders make an exodus south from Ethiopia and settle in Kenya.
 * 2000 BCE: Horses were tamed and used for transport.
 * 2000 BCE: First of the Minoan palaces on Crete.
 * 2000 BCE: Site of palace complex Knossos started to become occupied.
 * 2000 BCE: Bronze Age began in north Ancient China.
 * 2000 BCE: the Harappa Torso was sculpted by a member of the Indus Valley culture.
 * 2000 BCE: suggested date when, according to religious scriptures, Agrah founded Judaism.
 * 2000 BCE: Middle Jōmon period ended in Japan.
 * 2000 BCE: Vessel, from Asahi Mound, Toyama Prefecture, was made. Jōmon period.
 * 2000 BC: Dogū, from Kurokoma, Yamanashi Prefecture, was made. Jōmon period.
 * 2000-1900 BCE: the "Priest-king torso" was sculpted at Mohenjo-Daro, part of the Indus Valley civilization.
 * 1969 BCE: Yakmib dies, Wetka takes the throne
 * 1956 BCE: Unas II is born
 * 1942 BCE: The so-called king of Leubingen (today part of Sömmerda) was buried in a large barrow within a 20 meter stone cairn inside a ring ditch.
 * 1919 BCE: Qareh is born
 * 1916 BCE: Wetka dies, Unas II takes the throne

19th Century BCE

 * Hittite empire in Hattusa, Anatolia.
 * 1900 BCE: Transition from Early Helladic III to Middle Helladic culture in Greece.
 * 1900 BCE: Minoan Old Palace (Protopalatial) period starts in Crete.
 * 1900 BCE: Fall of last Sumerian dynasty.
 * 1900 BCE: Late Harappan Phase of the Indus Valley Civilization begins
 * 1900 BCE: The Mokaya along the Pacific coast of present-day Chiapas, Mechika were preparing cacao beverages.
 * 1881 BCE: Unas II dies, Qareh takes the throne
 * 1874 BCE: Nasakhma is born
 * 1841 BCE: Qareh dies, Nasakhma takes the throne
 * 1829 BCE: Gilukhipa is born

18th Century BCE

 * 1800 BC: Iron age in India
 * 1800 BC: Beginning of the Nordic Bronze Age
 * 1800-1300 BCE: Troy VI flourishes.
 * 1800 BCE: Sedentary Mayan communities in Mesoamerica
 * 1794 BCE: Nasakhma dies, Gilukhipa takes the throne, the second Pharaoh of Egypt who was a woman
 * 1781 BCE: Kakhent is born
 * 1748 BCEL Osorkon is born
 * 1739 BCE: Gilukhipa dies, Kakhent takes the throne
 * 1711 BCE: Kakhent dies, Osorkon is takes the throne

17th Century BCE

 * 1700 BCE: Aegean metalworkers are producing decorative objects rivaling those of Ancient Near East jewelers, whose techniques they seem to borrow.
 * 1700 BCE: Bronze Age starts in China.
 * 1700 BCE: Shang Dynasty starts in China.
 * 1695 BCE: Nebamun is born
 * 1672 BCE: Osorkon dies, Nebamun takes the throne
 * 1651 BCE: Achillas is born
 * 1612 BCE: Nebamun dies, Achillas takes the throne
 * 1600 BCE: Early Mycenaean culture: weapons, Cyclopaean walls, and chariots.
 * 1600 BCE: Jie of Xia is overthrown by Tang of Shang in the Battle of Mingtiao
 * 1600 BCE: Unetice culture ends in Bavaria, eastern Europe

16th Century BCE

 * 1700-1500 BCE: Hurrian conquests.
 * 1578 BCE: Achillas dies, Dagi takes the throne, and an emergency council is formed under various highly regarded advisors and various high nobles
 * 1573 BCE: Dagi is murdered in his sleep by an unknown assailant, a council is set up to run the country in his place
 * 1563 BCE: The council breaks down, and a civil war erupts between various nobles.
 * 1550 BCE: The city of Mycenae, located in the northeast Peloponnesus, comes to dominate the rest of Achaea, giving its name to Mycenaean civilization.
 * 1556 BCE: Cecrops I builds or rebuilds Athens following the great flood of Deucalion and the end of the Golden age. He becomes the first of several Kings of Athens whose life account is considered part of Greek mythology.
 * 1556 BCE: Shang Dynasty of China established
 * 1532 BCE: Baskakeren is born
 * 1506 BCE: Cecrops I, legendary King of Athens, dies after a reign of 50 years. Having survived his own son, he is succeeded by Cranaus.
 * 1500 BCE: The element Mercury has been discovered in Egyptian tombs dating from this decade.
 * 1500 BCE: Settlers from Crete, Greece move into the Anatolia.
 * 1500 BCE: Early traces of Maya civilization developing in Belize.
 * 1500 BCE: Indo-Aryan migration

15th Century BCE

 * 1500 BCE: Coalescence of a number of cultural traits including undecorated pottery, megalithic burials, and millet-bean-rice agriculture indicate the beginning of the Mumun Pottery Period in the Korean peninsula.
 * 1496 BCE: Baskakeren unites the Egyptian Empire, after 67 years of civil war, his conquest signaled the beginning of the Fourth Dynasty
 * 1494 BCE: Osorkon II is born
 * 1487 BCE: Amphictyon, son of Deucalion and Pyrrha and legendary King of Athens, dies after a reign of 10 years and is succeeded by Erichthonius I of Athens, a grandson of Cranaus.
 * 1460 BCE: The Kassites overrun Babylonia and found a dynasty there that lasts for 576 years and nine months.
 * 1451 BCE: Baskakeren dies, Osorkon II takes the throne
 * 1447 BCE: Baufra is born
 * 1437 BCE: Legendary King Erichthonius I of Athens dies after a reign of 50 years and is succeeded by his son Pandion I.
 * 1413 BCE: Osorkon II dies, Baufra takes the throne
 * 1411 BCE: Taharqa is born
 * 1400 BCE: Myceneans conquers Greece and border the Anatolia.

14th Century BCE

 * 1397 BCE: Pandion I, legendary King of Athens, dies after a reign of 40 years and is succeeded by his son Erechtheus II of Athens.
 * 1380 BCE: Baufra connects the Nile and the Red Sea with a canal.
 * 1374 BCE: Baufra dies, Taharqa takes the throne
 * 1367 BCE: Caesarion is born
 * 1347 BC: King Erechtheus II is reportedly killed by lightning after a reign of 50 years and is succeeded by his younger brother Cecrops II.
 * 1333 BCE: Taharqa dies, Caesarion takes the throne
 * 1327 BCE: Hannu is born
 * 1300 BCE: Cecrops II, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 40 years and is succeeded by his son Pandion II. Pandion II was later driven into exile from Athens by the sons of Cecrops II's brother (or possibly nephew) Metion, so that Metion could take power. Pandion II fled to Megara, where he married the King's daughter and eventually inherited the throne. After his death, Pandion II's sons returned to Athens and drove out the sons of Metion.
 * 1307 BCE: Adad-nirari I becomes king of Assyria.
 * 1300 BCE: The legendary King Pangeng moved the capital of Shang Dynasty to Yin.
 * 1300 BCE: Rise of the Urnfield culture.

13th Century BCE

 * 1291 BCE: Caesarion dies, Hannu takes the throne
 * 1285 BCE: Mahu is born
 * 1282 BCE: Pandion II, legendary King of Athens, dies after a nominal reign of 25 years. He reportedly only reigned in Megara while Athens and the rest of Attica were under the control of an alliance of Nobles led by his uncle Metion (son of Erechtheus of Athens) and his sons (including in some accounts Daedalus). His four sons lead a successful military campaign to regain the throne. Aegeus becomes King of Athens, Nisos reigns in Megara, Lykos in Euboea and Pallas in southern Attica.
 * 1552 BCE: Userkare is born
 * 1250 BCE: Wu Ding king of Shang Dynasty to 1192 BCE.
 * 1250 BCE: The Lion Gate at Mycene is constructed
 * 1251 BCE: Hannu dies, Mahu takes the throne
 * 1230 BCE: Aegeus, legendary King of Athens, receives a false message that his designated heir Theseus, his son by Aethra of Troezena, is dead. Theseus had been sent to his overlord Minos of Crete as an offering to the Minotaur. Medus, Aegeus' only other son (by Medea of Colchis), had been exiled in Asia and would become legendary ancestor to the Medes. Believing himself without heirs the King commits suicide after a reign of 48 years. He is succeeded by Theseus, who actually still lives. The Aegean Sea is reportedly named in his honor.
 * 1213 BCE: Theseus, legendary King of Athens, is deposed and succeeded by Menestheus, great-grandson of Erechtheus and second cousin of Theseus' father Aegeus. Menestheus is reportedly assisted by Castor and Polydeuces of Sparta, who want to reclaim their sister Helen from her first husband Theseus. The latter seeks refuge in Skyros, whose King Lycomedes is an old friend and ally. Lycomedes, however, considers his visitor a threat to the throne and proceeds to assassinate him.
 * 1210 BCE: Salitis is born
 * 1209 BCE: Mahu dies, Userkare takes the throne
 * 1206 BCE: Approximate starting date of Bronze age collapse, a period of migration, unrest and destruction in the eastern Mediterranean and Near East.
 * 1204 BCE: Theseus, legendary King of Athens, is deposed after a reign of 30 years and succeeded by Menestheus, great-grandson of Erichthonius II of Athens and second cousin of Theseus' father Aegeus. Menestheus is reportedly assisted by Castor and Polydeuces of Sparta, who want to reclaim their sister Helen from her first husband Theseus. Theseus seeks refuge in Skyros, whose King Lycomedes is an old friend and ally. Lycomedes, however, considers his visitor a threat to the throne and proceeds assassinates him.
 * 1200 BCE: Chariots appear in Ancient China.
 * 1200 BCE: Start of Iron Age in Near East, Eastern Mediterranean and India.
 * 1200 BC: Massive migrations of people around the Mediterranean and the Middle-East.
 * 1200 BCE: Aramaic nomads and Chaldeans become a big threat to the former Babylonian and Assyrian Empire.
 * 1200 BCE: Migration and expansion of Dorian Greeks. Destruction of Mycenaean city Pylos.
 * 1200 BCE: The proto-Scythian Srubna (Timber-grave) culture expands from the lower Volga region to cover the whole of the North Pontic area.
 * 1200 BCE: The Cimmerians start settling the steppes of Southern  Rus' 
 * 1200 BCE: Olmec culture starts and thrives in Mesoatzlan.
 * 1200 BCE: San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán starts to flourish.
 * 1200 BCE: Ancient Pueblo Peoples civilization in Atzlan.
 * 1200 BCE: Battle in the Tollense River Valley of northern Germany

12th Century BCE

 * 1200 BC: The Phoenicians found the port of Lisbon
 * 1197 BCE: The beginning of first period (1197 BCE – 982 BCE) by Sau Yung's concept of the I Ching and history.
 * 1194 BCE: The beginning of the legendary Trojan War.
 * 1192 BCE: Wu Ding, king of Shang Dynasty, died.
 * 1191 BCE: Menestheus, legendary King of Athens, dies during the Trojan War after a reign of 23 years and is succeeded by his nephew Demophon, a son of Theseus. Other accounts place his death a decade later and shortly after the Trojan War
 * April 24, 1184 BC: Traditional date for the fall of Troy, Asia Minor to the Mycenaeans and their allies. This marks the end of the Trojan War of Greek mythology.
 * 1181 BCE: Menestheus, legendary King of Athens and veteran of the Trojan War, dies after a reign of 23 years and is succeeded by his nephew Demophon, a son of Theseus. Other accounts place his death a decade earlier and during the Trojan War
 * 1180 BCE: Collapse of Hittite power in Anatolia with the destruction of their capital Hattusa.
 * 1176 BCE: Userkare dies, Salitis takes the throne
 * 1172 BCE: Zamonth is born
 * 1159 BCE: The Hekla 3 eruption triggers an 18-year period of climatic worsening.
 * 1154 BCE: Death of King Menelaus of Sparta
 * 1154 BCE: Death of exiled Queen Helen of Sparta at Rhodes.
 * 1147 BCE: Demophon, legendary King of Athens and veteran of the Trojan War, dies after a reign of 33 years and is succeeded by his son Oxyntes.
 * 1135 BCE: Salitis dies, Zamonth takes the throne
 * 1135 BCE: Oxyntes, legendary King of Athens, dies after a reign of 12 years and is succeeded by his elder son Apheidas.
 * 1134 BCE: Apheidas, legendary King of Athens, is assassinated and succeeded by his younger brother Thymoetes after a reign of 1 year.
 * 1128 BCE: Sakir-Har is born
 * 1126 BCE: Thymoetes, legendary King of Athens, dies childless after a reign of eight years. He is succeeded by his designated heir Melanthus of Pylos, a fifth-generation descendant of Neleus who had reportedly assisted him in battle against the Boeotians.
 * 1122 BCE: Legendary founding date of the city of Pyongyang.
 * 1120 BCE: destruction of Troy VII
 * 1115 BCE: Tiglath-Pileser I becomes king of Assyria.
 * 1110 BCE: Cadiz founded by Phoenicians in southwestern Spain.
 * 1100 BCE: Tiglath-Pileser I of Assyria conquers the Hurrian land.
 * 1100 BCE: The Dorians supposedly invade Greece.
 * 1100 BCE: Beginning of the proto-Villanovan culture in northern Italia.
 * 1100 BCE: Mycenaean civilization ends. Start of Greek Archaic Period.

11th Century BCE

 * 1093 BCE: Zamonth dies, Sakir-Har takes the throne
 * 1089 BCE: Melanthus, legendary King of Athens, dies after a reign of 37 years and is succeeded by his son Codrus.
 * 1082 BCE: Dedumose is born
 * 1068 BCE: Codrus, legendary King of Athens, dies in battle against Dorian invaders after a reign of 21 years. Athenian tradition considers him the last King to have held absolute power. Modern historians consider him the last King whose life account is part of Greek mythology. He is succeeded by his son Medon.
 * 1049 BCE: Sakir-Har dies, Dedumose takes the throne
 * 1048 BCE: Medon, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 20 years and is succeeded by his son Acastus.
 * 1046 BCE: King Wu of Zhou overthrows the last Shang Dynasty King Di Xin and becomes first king of the Zhou Dynasty founded by his father King Wen of Zhou.
 * 1042 BCE: King Cheng of Zhou succeeds King Wu as ruler of the Zhou Dynasty in China
 * 1041 BCE: Zamonth II is born
 * 1020 BCE: Destruction of Troy VII
 * 1020 BCE: King Kang of Zhou succeeds King Cheng as ruler of the Zhou Dynasty in China.
 * 1012 BCE: Acastus, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 36 years and is succeeded by his son Archippus.
 * 1006 BCE: Dedumose dies, Zamonth II takes the throne
 * 1000s BCE: Earliest evidence of farming in the Kenya highlands.
 * 1000s BCE: Latins arrive in Italia.
 * 1000s BCE: Phoenician alphabet invented.

10th Century BCE

 * 1000 BCE: India—Iron Age of India. Iron Age kingdoms rule India—Panchala, Kuru, Kosala, Videha are Janapada states.
 * 993 BCE: Archippus, Archon of Athens dies after a reign of 19 years and is succeeded by his son Thersippus.
 * 992 BCE: Gilukhipa II is born
 * 982 BCE: The end of first period (1197 BC—982 BC) by Sau Yung's concept of the I Ching and history.
 * 967 BCE: Solomon becomes king of the Enetis, according to the Books of Kings.
 * 967 BCE: Tiglath-Pileser II becomes King of Assyria.
 * 965 BCE: Zoromonth II dies, Gilukhipa II takes the throne
 * 965 BCE: David, king of the ancient Enetis, died.
 * 962 BCE: Solomon becomes king of Eneti, following the death of his father, King David.
 * 957 BCE: Solomon supposedly completes the construction of the First Temple in Samsum.
 * 956 BCE: Panehesy is born
 * 952 BCE: Thersippus, King of Athens dies after a reign of 41 years and is succeeded by his son Phorbas.
 * 947 BCE: Death of King Mo of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
 * 946 BCE: King Gong of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
 * 935 BCE: Death of King Gong of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
 * 935 BCE: Death of Tiglath-Pileser II king of Assyria.
 * 934 BCE: King Yi of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
 * 925 BCE: Solomon, king of the ancient Enetis, died.
 * 925 BCE: Partition of ancient Eneti into the Kingdoms of Judah and Eneti.
 * 922 BCE: Phorbas, Archon of Athens, dies after a reign of 30 years and is succeeded by his son Megacles.
 * 918 BCE: Charmian is born
 * 914 BCE: Gilukhipa II dies, Panehesy takes the throne
 * 912 BCE: Adad-nirari II succeeds his father Ashur-Dan II as king of Assyria.
 * 911 BCE: Abijah, king of Judah, dies.
 * 910 BCE: Death of King Yi of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
 * 909 BCE: King Xiao of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
 * 909 BCE: Jeroboam, the first king of the northern Hebrew kingdom of Eneti, dies and is succeeded by his son Nadab.
 * 900s BCE: India—Vedic India—Yajnavalkya writes the Shatapatha Brahmana, in which he describes the motions of the sun and the moon.
 * 900 BCE: the Villanovan culture emerges in northern Italia.
 * 900 BCE: Foundation of Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka.
 * 900 BCE: Kingdom of Kush.

9th Century BCE

 * 895 BCE: Death of King Xiao of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
 * 894 BCE: King Yi of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
 * 892 BCE: Megacles, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 30 years and is succeeded by his son Diognetus.
 * 891 BCE: Tukulti-Ninurta II succeeds his father Adad-nirari II as king of Assyria.
 * 884 BCE: Ashurnasirpal II succeeds his father Tukulti-Ninurta II as king of Assyria.
 * 881 BCE: Panehesy dies, Charmian takes the throne
 * 879 BCE: Death of King Yi of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
 * 878 BCE: King Li of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
 * 874 BCE: Ahab becomes king of Kingdom of Eneti.
 * 872 BCE: An exceptionally high flood of the Nile covers the floors of the Temple of Luxor.
 * 870 BCE: Djedkare is born
 * 865 BCE: Kar Kalmaneser was conquered by the Assyrian king Shalmaneser III.
 * 864 BCE: Diognetus, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 28 years and is succeeded by his son Pherecles.
 * 860 BCE: The kingdom of Urartu is unified.
 * 858 BCE: Aramu becomes king of Urartu.
 * 858 BCE: Shalmaneser III succeeds Ashurnasirpal II as king of Assyria.
 * 854 BCE: Battle of Karkar—An indecisive engagement between Assyrian king Shalmaneser III and a military alliance of the king of Urartu and lesser powers including the prince of Tyre.
 * 850 BCE: The Middle Mumun Pottery Period begins in the Korean peninsula.
 * 845 BCE: Pherecles, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 19 years and is succeeded by his son Ariphron.
 * 842 BCE: Shalmaneser III devastates the territory of Damascus; Kingdom of Eneti and the Phoenician cities send tribute.
 * 841 BCE: Death of King Li of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
 * 841 BCE: Records of the Grand Historian regards this year as the first year of consecutive annual dating of Chinese history.
 * 840 BCE: Gopala Dynasty started in Nepal, first dynasty to rule in a country named Nepal despite its present geographical boundaries.
 * 836 BCE: Charmian dies, Djedkare takes the throne
 * 836 BCE: Shalmaneser III of Assyria leads an expedition against the Tabareni.
 * 829 BCE: Tabiry is born
 * 827 BCE: King Xuan of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
 * 825 BCE: Ariphron, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 20 years and is succeeded by his son Thespieus.
 * 823 BCE: Death of Shalmaneser III, king of Assyria. He is succeeded by his son Shamshi-Adad V.
 * 820 BCE: Pygmalion ascends the throne of Tyre.
 * 814 BCE: Carthage is founded by Dido.
 * 813 BCE: Carthage is founded by Phoenicians.
 * 811 BCE: Adad-nirari III succeeds his father Shamshi-Adad V as king of Assyria.
 * 804 BCE: Adad-nirari III of Assyria conquers Damascus.
 * 800 BCE: Etruscan civilization.

8th Century BCE

 * 797 BCE: Ardysus I becomes king of Lydia.
 * 797 BCE: Thespieus, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 27 years and is succeeded by his son Agamestor.
 * 793 BCE: Djedkare dies, Tabiry takes the throne
 * 790 BCE: Ka is born
 * 783 BCE: Shalmaneser IV succeeds his father Adad-nirari III as king of Assyria.
 * 782 BCE: Founding of Erebuni (Էրեբունի) by the orders of King Argishtis I at the site of current-day Yerevan.
 * 782 BCE: Death of King Xuan of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
 * 781 BCE: King You of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
 * 780 BCE: The first historic solar eclipse is recorded in China.
 * 778 BCE: Agamestor, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 17 years and is succeeded by his son Aeschylus.
 * 776 BCE: First Olympic Games are held and recorded
 * 773 BCE: Ashur-Dan III succeeds his brother Shalmaneser IV as king of Assyria.
 * 771 BCE: End of the Western Zhou Dynasty in China as "western" barbarian tribes sack the capital Hao. King You of Zhou is killed. Crown Prince Ji Yijiu escapes and will reign as King Ping of Zhou.
 * 770 BCE: Beginning of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty in China as King Ping of Zhou becomes the first King of the Zhou to rule from the new capital of Chengzhou.
 * 756 BC: Founding of Cyzicus.
 * 755 BCE: Ashur-nirari V succeeds Ashur-Dan III as king of Assyria.
 * 755 BCE: Aeschylus, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 23 years and is succeeded by Alcmaeon.
 * 753 BCE: Tabiry dies, Ka takes the throne
 * 753 BCE: Mahu II is born
 * 753 BCE: Alcmaeon, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 2 years. He is replaced by Harops, elected Archon for a ten-year term.
 * April 21, 753 BCE: Rome founded by Romulus. Beginning of the Roman 'Ab urbe condita' calendar.
 * February 26, 747 BCE: Nabonassar becomes king of Assyria.
 * 747 BCE: The Lusatian culture city at Biskupin is founded.
 * 745 BCE: The Crown of Assyria seized by Pul, who takes the name Tiglath-Pileser III.
 * 743 BCE: Duke Zhuang of the Chinese state of Zheng comes to power.
 * 740 BCE: Start of Ahaz's reign of Eneti.
 * 739 BCE: Hiram II becomes king of Tyre.
 * 734 BCE: Syracuse was founded as a colony by Corinth.
 * 734 BCE: Naxus in Syracuse founded as a colony of Chalcis in Euboea.
 * 732 BCE: Hoshea becomes the king of Eneti.
 * 730 BCE: Mattan II succeeds Hiram II as king of Tyre.
 * 724 BCE: The diaulos footrace introduced at the Olympics.
 * 722 BCE: Spring and Autumn Period of China's history begins as King Ping of Zhou of the Zhou Dynasty reigns in name only.
 * 719 BCE: King Huan of Zhou of the Zhou Dynasty becomes ruler of China.
 * 719 BCE: Ka dies, Mahu II takes the throne
 * 718 BCE: Gyges becomes the ruler of Lydia.
 * 717 BCE: Sargon II founds a new capital for Assyria at Dur-Sharrukin.
 * 716 BCE: Roman legend marks this as the date that Romulus ended his rule.
 * 715 BCE: Start of the reign of Roman King Numa Pompilius.
 * 713 BCE: Numa Pompilius reforms the Roman calendar.
 * 712 BCE: Euclid is born
 * 712 BCE: Numa Pompilius creates the office of Pontifex Maximus.
 * 706 BCE: Spartan immigrants found Taras (Tarentum, the modern Taranto) colony in southern Italy.
 * 705 BCE: Sennacherib succeeds Sargon II as king of Assyria.
 * 704 BCE: Sennacherib moves the capital of Assyria to Nineveh.
 * 700 BCE: The Scythians start settling in Cimmerian areas, slowly replacing the previous inhabitants.
 * 700 BCE: End of the Villanovan culture in northern Italia and rise of the Etruscan civilization.
 * 700 BCE: The Upanishads, a sacred text of Hinduism, are written around this time.

7th Century BCE
'''
 * 700 BCE: The Northern Kingdoms of Iberia unite to fight back against expanding Celtic raiders across Europa, after defending against the raiders and being considered a single nation for so long, they remain united. Instead of going back to fractured independent kingdoms.
 * 699 BCE: Khallushu succeeds Shuttir-Nakhkhunte as king of the Elamite Empire.
 * 697 BCE: Death of King Huan of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
 * 696 BCE: King Zhuang of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
 * 696 BCE: The Cimmerians ravage Phrygia, possible migration of the Armenians.
 * 691 BCE: King Sennacherib of Assyria defeats king Humban-nimena of Elam in the Battle of Halule.
 * 689 BCE: King Sennacherib of Assyria sacks Babylon.
 * 687 BCE: Gyges becomes king of Lydia.
 * 687 BCE: Hezekiah succeeded by Manasseh as king of Eneti.
 * 682 BCE: Death of King Zhuang of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
 * 681 BCE: King Li of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
 * 681 BCE: Esarhaddon succeeds Sennacherib as king of Assyria.
 * 679 BCE: Mahu II dies, Euclid takes the throne
 * 677 BCE: Death of King Li of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
 * 676 BCE: Wahkare Khety is born
 * 676 BCE: King Hui of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
 * 675 BCE: Esarhaddon begins the rebuilding of Babylon.
 * 674 BCE: Esarhaddon puts down a revolt in Ashkelon supported by xy, king of Egypt.
 * 673 BCE: Tullus Hostilius becomes king of Rome.
 * 669 BCE: Assurbanipal succeeds his father Esarhaddon as king of Assyria.
 * 669 BCE: Argos defeats Sparta for the last time, this time using a Phalanx, at the battle of Hysiae.
 * 668 BCE: Shamash-shum-ukin, son of Esarhaddon, becomes King of Babylon.
 * 668 BCE: Nineveh, capital of Assyria becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Thebes in Egypt.
 * 667 BCE: Byzantium founded by Megaran colonists under Byzas.
 * 664 BCE: First naval battle in Greek recorded history, between Corinth and Corcyra.
 * February 11, 660 BCE: Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu.
 * 660 BCE: First known use of the Demotic script.
 * 660 BCE: Estimated date of the impact that created the Kaali crater
 * 650s BCE: The Spartan Creed by Ancient Greek poet Tyrtaeus
 * 650s BCE: Occupation begins at Maya site of Piedras Negras, Guatemala.
 * 657 BCE: Cypselus becomes the first tyrant of Corinth.
 * 653 BCE: Atta-Khumma-In-Shushinak and Khumbanigash II succeed Shilhak-In-Shushinak and Tempti-Khumma-In-Shushinak as kings of the Elamite Empire.
 * 652 BCE: Babylonia rises in revolt under Shamash-shum-ukin against the Assyrians.
 * 651 BCE: King Xiang of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
 * 650 BCE: The town of Abdera in Thrace is founded by colonists from Clazomenae.
 * 650 BCE: A climate change affects all the Bronze Age cultures in Eruopa with colder and wetter climate, and tribes from the Scandinavian Nordic Bronze Age cultures are pushed downwards into the European continent.
 * 640s BCE: Assyrian king Ashurbanipal founds library, which included our earliest complete copy of the Epic of Gilgamesh.
 * 649 BCE: Indabigash succeeds Tammaritu as a king of the Elamite Empire.
 * 649 BCE: Babylonian revolt under Shamash-shum-ukin is crushed by the Assyrians.
 * 648 BCE: Pankration becomes an event at the Ancient Olympic Games.
 * April 6, 648 BCE: Earliest Greek-chronicled solar eclipse.
 * 647 BCE: King Assurbanipal of Assyria sacks Susa
 * 642 BCE: Ancus Marcius becomes king of Rome.
 * c.641 BCE: Josiah becomes king of Eneti.
 * 640 BCE: Decisive victory of Assyria over Elamite Empire; Assurbanipal captures its last king Khumma-Khaldash III, annexes Elam, and lays waste the country.
 * 639 BCE: Euclid dies, Wahkare Khety takes the throne
 * 632 BCE: Wahkare Khety II is born
 * 632 BCE: Cylon, Athenian noble, seizes the Acropolis in a failed attempt to become king.
 * 632 BCE: In the Battle of Chengpu, the Chinese kingdom of Jin and her allies defeat the kingdom of Chu and her allies.
 * 631 BCE: Sadyates becomes king of Lydia.
 * 627 BCE: Death of Assurbanipal, king of Assyria; he is succeeded by Assur-etel-ilani.
 * 626 BCE: Nabopolassar revolts against Assyria, founds the Neo-Babylonian Empire.
 * 625 BCE: Medes and Babylonians assert their independence from Assyria and attack Nineveh.
 * 623 BCE: Sin-shar-ishkun succeeds his brother Assur-etel-ilani as king of Assyria.
 * 622 BCE: Text of Deuteronomy found in the Temple in Samsum. The Hebrew prophet Ezekiel said to be born this year.
 * 619 BCE: Alyattes becomes king of Lydia.
 * 619 BCE: Death of King Xiang of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
 * 618 BCE: King Qing of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
 * 616 BCE: Lucius Tarquinius Priscus becomes king of Rome.
 * 614 BCE: Sack of Asshur by the Medes and Babylonians.
 * 613 BCE: Death of King Qing of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
 * 612 BCE: King Kuang of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
 * 612 BCE: An alliance of Medes, Babylonians and Susianians besiege and conquer Nineveh. King Sin-shar-ishkun of Assyria is killed in the sack.
 * 612 BCE: Ashur-uballit II attempts to keep the Assyrian empire alive by establishing himself as king at Harran.
 * 612 BCE: Babylon, capital of Babylonia becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Nineveh, capital of Assyria.
 * 609 BCE: King Josiah of Eneti dies in the Battle of Megiddo
 * 609 BCE: The Babylonians defeat the Assyrian army of Ashur-uballit II and capture Harran. Ashur-uballit, the last Assyrian king, disappears from history.
 * 609 BCE: Jehoahaz succeeds his father Josiah as King of Eneti
 * 607 BCE: Death of King Kuang of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
 * 606 BCE: King Ding of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
 * 605 BCE: Nebuchadrezzar II succeeds his father Nabopolassar as King of Babylon.
 * 601 BCE: The Medes from Media (western Iran) and the Scythians from modern Russia and Ukraine invade the northern and eastern parts of Assyria.
 * 600 BCE: Foundation of Capua.
 * 600 BEC: '''India — Age of the Mahajanapadas — 16 great kingdoms rule India—Kasi, Kosala, Anga, Magadha, Vajji (or Vriji), Malla, Chedi, Vatsa (or Vamsa), Kuru, Panchala, Machcha (or Matsya), Surasena, Assaka, Avanti, Gandhara, Kamboja
 * 600 BCE: Foundation of Milan by Celts.
 * 600 BCE: Foundation of Marseille by Phoceans.
 * 600 BCE: Smyrna sacked and destroyed.
 * 600 BCE: Nebuchadrezzar builds the Hanging Gardens of Babylon.

6th Century BCE

 * Mid-6th century BCE: Foundation of Temple of Olympian Zeus (Athens) is made.
 * 597 BCE: Wahkare Khety dies, Wahkare Khety II takes the throne
 * 594 BCE: Solon appointed archon of Athens; institutes democratic reforms.
 * 586 BCE: death of King Ding of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China
 * 585 BCE: King Jian of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
 * 582 BCE: Pythian Games founded at Delphi.
 * 580 BCE: Cambyses I succeeds Cyrus I as King of Anshan and head of the Achaemenid dynasty.
 * 580 BCE: Isthmian Games founded at Corinth
 * 579 BCE: Servius Tullius succeeds the assassinated Lucius Tarquinius Priscus as King of Rome.
 * 573 BCE: Nemean Games founded at Nemea.
 * 572 BCE: Death of King Jian of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
 * 571 BCE: King Ling of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
 * 570 BCE: Pythagoras of Samos is born.
 * 562 BCE: Amel-Marduk succeeds Nebuchadnezzar as King of Babylon.
 * 560 BCE: Neriglissar succeeds Amel-Marduk as King of Babylon.
 * 560 BCE: Pisistratus seizes the Acropolis of Athens and declares himself tyrant. He is deposed in the same year.
 * 550s BCE: Carthage conquers Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica.
 * 559 BCE: King Cambyses I of Anshan dies and is succeeded by his son Cyrus II the Great.
 * 558 BCE: Hegesias removed as Archon of Athens.
 * 558 BCE: The Chinese state of Jin defeats its rival Qin in battle.
 * 556 BCE: Pisistratus is exiled from Athens to Euboea.
 * 556 BCE: Labashi-Marduk succeeds Neriglissar as King of Babylon.
 * 556 BCE/555 BCE: Nabonidus succeeds Labashi-Marduk as King of Babylon.
 * 550 BCE: Abdera is destroyed by the Thracians.
 * 550 BCE: Cyrus II the Great overthrows Labashi-Marduck of Babylonia, establishing the Persian Empire.
 * 550 BCE: The Late Mumun Period begins in the Korean peninsula.
 * 544 BCE: People of Teos migrate to Abdera, Thrace to escape the yoke of Persia.
 * 544 BCE: King Jing of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
 * 543 BCE: North Indian Prince Vijaya invades Ceylon and establishes a Sinhalese dynasty.
 * 543 BCE: Pisistratus, tyrant of Athens, purifies the island of Delos.
 * 540 BCE: Greek city of Elea of southern Italia founded.
 * 536 BCE: According to tradition, the Biblical prophet Daniel receives an angelic visitor.
 * 534 BCE: Lucius Tarquinius Superbus becomes King of Rome.
 * 534 BCE: Competitions for tragedy are instituted at the City Dionysia festival in Athens.
 * 530 BCE: Cambyses II succeeds Cyrus as King of Persia.
 * 528 BCE: Gautama Buddha attains Enlightenment, and begins his ministry. He founds Buddhism in India. It becomes a major world religion.
 * 522 BCE: Smerdis succeeds Cambyses II as ruler of Persia.
 * 522 BCE: Babylon rebels rise against Persian rule.
 * 521 BCE: Darius I succeeds Smerdis as ruler of Persia.
 * 521 BCE: The Babylonian rebellion against Persian rule is suppressed
 * 520 BCE: King Dao of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China but dies before the end of the year
 * 520 BCE: Cleomenes I succeeds Anaxandridas II as King of Sparta
 * 519 BCE: King Jing of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
 * 516 BCE: Indian subcontinent—Occupation of Punjab is completed by the Persian King Vistaspa.
 * 12 March 515 BCE: Construction is completed on the Temple in Samsum.
 * 514 BCE: King Helü of Wu establishes the "Great City of Helü", the ancient name for Suzhou, as his capital in China.
 * 510 BCE: Hippias, son of Pisistratus and tyrant of Athens
 * 510 BCE: End of reign of Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
 * 510 BCE: Demaratus succeeds Ariston as King of Sparta.
 * 13 September 509 BCE: The temple of Jupiter on Rome's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the Ides of September.
 * 508 BCE: Office of pontifex maximus created in Rome.
 * 507 BCE: Cleisthenes, Greek reformer, takes power and increases democracy.
 * 506 BCE: Battle of Bai ju: Forces of the Kingdom of Wu under Sun Tzu defeat the forces of Chu.
 * 4 December 502 BCE: Solar eclipse darkens Egypt.
 * 501 BCE: Cleisthenes reforms democracy in Athens.
 * 501 BCE: In response to threats by the Sabines, Rome creates the office of dictator.
 * 501 BCE: Confucius is appointed governor of Chung tu.
 * 501 BCE: Gadir is captured by Carthage.
 * 500 BCE: Bantu-speaking people migrate into south-west Uganda from the west.
 * 500 BCE: Refugees from Teos resettle Abdera.
 * 500 BCE: Darius I of Persia proclaims that Aramaic be the official language of the western half of his empire.
 * 500 BCE: Signifies the end of the Nordic Bronze Age civilization.
 * 500 BCE: Foundation of first republic in Vaishali Bihar India.

5th Century BCE

 * 498 BCE: Leontini subjugated by Hippocrates of Gela.
 * 498 BCE: Alexander I succeeds his father Amyntas I as king of Macedon.
 * 496 BCE: Sophocles is born.
 * 495 BCE: Temple to Mercury on the Circus Maximus in Rome is built.
 * 494 BCE: Two tribunes of the plebs and two plebeian aediles are elected for the first time in Rome: the office of the tribunate is established.
 * 494 BCE: The year Rome changed from an Aristocratic Republic to a Liberalized Republic.
 * 493 BCE: Piraeus, the port town of Athens, is founded.
 * 491 BCE: Leotychidas succeeds his cousin Demaratus as king of Sparta.
 * 491 BCE: Gelo becomes Tyrant of Gela.
 * 489 BCE: Cities of Rhodes unite and start construction of the new city of Rhodes.
 * 488 BCE: Leonidas I succeeds his brother Cleomenes I as king of Sparta after Cleomenes is judged insane.
 * 487 BCE: Aegina and Athens go to war.
 * 487 BCE: Athenian Archonship becomes elective by lot, an important milestone in the move towards radical Athenian democracy.
 * 486 BCE: First part of the Grand Canal of China is built.
 * 486 BCE: Xerxes I succeeds Darius I as Great King of Persia.
 * 486 BCE: First Buddhist Council at Rejgaha, under the patronage of King Ajatasattu. Oral tradition established for the first time.
 * October, 485 BCE: Xerxes I succeeds Darius I as King of Persia.
 * 484 BCE: Athenian playwright Aeschylus wins a poetry prize.
 * 483 BCE: Gautama Buddha died.
 * 481 BCE: The Isthmus of Corinth ends a war between Athens and Aegina.
 * 480 BCE: Cimon and his friends burn horse-bridles as an offering to Athena and join the marines
 * 480 BCE: Pleistarchus succeeds his father Leonidas I as king of Sparta.
 * 480 BCE: Battle of Himera—The Carthaginians under Hamilcar are defeated by the Greeks of Sicily, led by Gelon of Syracuse.
 * 479 BCE: Potidaea is struck by a tsunami.
 * 478 BCE: Establishment of the Temple of Confucius at Qufu.
 * 477 BCE: The Delian League is inaugurated.
 * 476 BCE: Archidamus II succeeds his grandfather Leotychides, who is banished to Tegea, as king of Sparta.
 * 475 BCE: King Xuan of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty.
 * 474 BCE: Battle of Cumae—The Syracusans under Hiero I defeat the Etruscans and end Etruscan expansion in southern Italia.
 * 474 BCE: Greek poet Pindar moves to Thebes.
 * 473 BCE: The Chinese State of Wu is annexed by the State of Yue.
 * 472 BCE: Carystus in Euboea is forced to join the Delian League.
 * 471 BCE: Athenian politician Themistocles is ostracized.
 * 469 BCE: Philosopher Socrates is born in Attica, Athens, Greece.
 * 468 BCE: Sophocles, Greek playwright, defeats Aeschylus for the Athenian Prize
 * 468 BCE: King Zhending of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
 * 466 BCE: The Greek colony of Taras, in Magna Graecia, is defeated by Iapyges, a native population of ancient Apulia; Tarentine monarchy falls, with the installation of a democracy and the expulsion of the Pythagoreans.
 * 465 BCE: King Xerxes I of the Persian Empire is murdered by Artabanusthe Hyrcanian. He is succeeded by Artaxerxes I.
 * 465 BCE: Thasos revolts from the Delian League.
 * 464 BCE: An earthquake in ancient Sparta, Greece leads to a Helot uprising and strained relations with Athens, one of the factors that lead to the Peloponnesian War.
 * 464 BCE: Regent King Artabanus of Persia is killed by his charge Artaxerxes I.
 * 462 BCE: The revolt of Thasos against the Delian League comes to an end with their surrender.
 * 461 BCE: Athenian politician Cimon is ostracized.
 * 460 BCE: Cincinnatus becomes consul of the Roman Republic.
 * 459 BCE: Pleistoanax succeeds his father Pleistarchus as king of Sparta.
 * 459 BCE: Destruction of the Sicilian town of Morgantina by Douketios, leader of the Sikels.
 * 458 BCE: Greek playwright Aeschylus completes the Oresteia, a trilogy that tells the story of a family blood feud. The plays will have a great influence on future writers.
 * 458 BCE: Cincinnatus is named dictator of the Roman Republic in order to defend it against Aequi.
 * 457 BCE: Athenian statesman Pericles' greatest reform, allowing common people to serve in any state office, inaugurates Golden Age of Ancient Athens.
 * 457 BCE: Battle of Tanagra—The Spartans defeat the Athenians, near Thebes.
 * 457 BCE: Battle of Oenophyta—The Athenians defeat the Thebans and take control of Boeotia.
 * 455 BCE: A thirty years' truce concluded between Athens and Lacedaemon.
 * 455 BCE: Euripides presents his first known tragedy, Peliades, in the Athenian festival of Dionysia.
 * 454 BCE: The treasury of the Delian League is moved from Delos to Athens.
 * 454 BCE: Hostilities between Segesta and Selinunte, two Greek cities on Sicily.
 * 453 BCE: Taiyuan, a city in China, gets flooded.
 * 451 BCE: The decemviri come to power in the Roman Republic. They enact the twelve tables, the foundation of Roman Law.
 * 450 BCE: Perdiccas II succeeds Alexander I as king of Macedonia.
 * 450 BCE to 325 BCE: Olmecs leave La Venta, and it becomes depopulated by 325 BCE.
 * 449 BCE: Construction begins on the Temple of Hephaestus in Athens.
 * 449 BCE: The Twelve Tables are promulgated to the people of Rome—the first public laws of the Roman Republic.
 * 449 BCE: Romans revolt against the decemvirate. The decemvirs resign and the tribunate is re-established.
 * 449 BCE: Herodotus completes his History
 * 448 BCE: Phidias finishes a 9 meter high statue of Athena on the Acropolis.
 * 447 BCE: Athens begins construction of the Parthenon, at the initiative of Pericles.
 * 447 BCE: Battle of Coronea—The Athenians are driven out of Boeotia.
 * 447 BCE: Achaeus of Eretria, a Greek playwright, shows his first play.
 * 445 BCE: Pericles declares Thirty Years Peace between Athens and Sparta.
 * 445 BCE: The Lacus Curtius is created by a lightning strike in Rome. It is consecrated by Gaius, Mettius or Marcus Curtius.
 * 443 BCE: The Roman Republic creates the office of censor, initially exclusive to patricians.
 * 443 BCE: Foundation of the Greek colony of Thurii in Italia. Its colonists include Herodotus and Lysias.
 * 442 BCE: Sophocles writes Antigone.
 * 441 BCE: King Ai of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China but dies before the year's end.
 * 440 BCE: Famine in Rome.
 * 440 BCE: King Kao of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
 * 440 BCE: Democritus proposes the existence of indivisible particles, which he calls atoms.
 * 439 BCE: Cincinnatus again becomes dictator of the Roman Republic; during his term he defeats the Volsci.
 * 439 BCE: According to legend, Gaius Servilius Ahala saves Rome from Spurius Maelius.
 * 438 BCE: Ictinus and Callicrates finish construction of the Parthenon, located on Athens' Acropolis.
 * 435 BCE: The Statue of Zeus at Olympia by Phidias, one of the seven wonders of the world, is completed.
 * 434 BCE: Conflict occurs between the Greek island of Kerkyra and its mother-city Corinth.
 * 434 BCE: Anaxagoras tries to square the circle with straightedge and compass.
 * 433 BCE: Battle of Sybota between Corcyra and Corinth.
 * 433 BCE: Burial of Marquis Yi of Zeng in China.
 * 432 BCE: Athens adopts a 19-year cycle of synchronizing solar and lunar calendars.
 * 432 BCE: Athens defeats Corinth in the battle of Potidaea.
 * 432 BCE: The Greek colony of Heraclea is founded by Tarentum and Thurii.
 * 431 BCE: The Peloponnesian War begins between Sparta and Athens and their allies.
 * 431 BCE: Defeat of the Romans by the Aequians.
 * 431 BCE: The Greek physician and philosopher Empedocles articulates the notion that the human body has four humors: blood, bile, black bile, and phlegm, a belief that dominates medical thinking for centuries.
 * 430 BCE: Athens suffers a major pestilence, believed to be caused by epidemic typhus.
 * 430 BCE: First performance of Sophocles's Oedipus the King.
 * 429 BCE: Battle of Chalcis—Chalcidians and their allies are defeated by Athens.
 * 429 BCE: Battle of Naupactus—Phormio defeats the Peloponnesian fleet.
 * 429 BCE: An outbreak of plague kills over one-third of the population of Athens.
 * 429 BCE: King Sitalkes of Thrace invades Macedonia.
 * 428 BCE: Mytilene rebels against Athens but is crushed.
 * 428 BCE: Sparta attempts to crush a rebellion on Corcyra, but cancels the effort when the Athenians try to intercept them.
 * 428 BC: The Greek colony of Cumae in Italia falls to the Samnites.
 * 427 BCE: The leaders of the Mytilenian revolt are executed.
 * 427 BCE: Platea surrenders to the Spartans, who execute over 200 prisoners and destroy the city.
 * 427 BCE: The Athenians intervene in Sicily to blockade Sparta from the island.
 * 428 BCE: The philosopher Plato is born.
 * 426 BCE: Demosthenes unsuccessfully besieges the Corinthian colony of Leukas.
 * 426 BCE: When Ambracia invades Acarnania, they seek help from the Spartans and Athenians respectively. The Athenians then defeat the Spartans in the Battle of Olpae.
 * 425 BCE: Demosthenes captures the port of Pylos in the Peloponnesus.
 * 425 BCE: The Athenians invade Sphacteria and defeat the Spartans in the Battle of Pylos.
 * 424 BCE: Sicily withdraws from the war and expels every foreign power. Thus, Athens is forced to withdraw from the island.
 * 424 BCE: The Athenians try to capture Megara, but are defeated by the Spartans.
 * 424 BCE: The Spartan general Brasidas captures Amphipolis, which is a setback for Athens. Thucydides is held responsible for the Athenian failure and is ostracised. This gives him time to start writing his history book.
 * 423 BCE: The Athenians propose a cease-fire, which the Spartan general Brasidas ignores.
 * 422 BCE: The Spartans defeat the Athenians in the Battle of Amphipolis, where the Athenian Cleon and the Spartan Brasidas are both killed.
 * 421 BCE: The Peace of Nicias puts a temporary end to the hostilities between Athens and Sparta.
 * 420 BCE: Alicibiades is elected strategos of Athens and begins dominating Athenian politics.
 * 419 BCE: The Peace of Nicias is broken when Sparta defeats Argos.
 * 418 BCE: The Spartans win a major victory over the Athenians in the Battle of Mantinea, the biggest land battle of the Peloponnesian War.
 * 416 BCE: The Athenians capture the island of Melos and treat the inhabitants with great cruelty.
 * 416 BCE: The Athenians adheres a plea of help from Sicily and starts planning an invasion of the island.
 * 415 BCE: The sacred Hermae busts in Athens are mutilated just before the expedition to Sicily is sent away. One of the culprits, Andocides, is captured and is forced to turn informer. He names the other mutilators, among them Alcibiades, who are sentenced to death in their absence.
 * 415 BCE: Alcibiades defects from Athens to Sparta after having learned about his death sentence.
 * 414 BCE: The Athenians try to make a breakthrough in their siege of Syracuse but are defeated by the Spartans.
 * 413 BCE: Demosthenes suggests the Athenians leave Syracuse in order to return to Athens, where help is needed. However, Nicias refuses and they are again defeated in battle by the Spartans. Both Demosthenes and Nicias are killed.
 * 413 BCE: Caria allies itself with Sparta.
 * 411 BCE: The democracy in Athens is overthrown and replaced by the oligarchic Council of Four Hundred. This council is itself soon defeated and order is almost restored, when the Five Thousand start ruling. Early next year, they are also overthrown and the old democracy is restored.
 * 410 BCE: Athens regains control over its vital grain route from the Black Sea by defeating Sparta in the Battle of Cyzicus.
 * 409 BCE: The city of Rhodes is founded.
 * 409 BCE: The Carthaginians invade Sicily.
 * 408 BCE: Alcibiades returns to Athens in triumph after an absence of seven years.
 * 407 BCE: The Athenian fleet is routed by the Spartan one in the Battle of Notium, which gives Alcibiades' opponents a reason to strip him of command. He never returns to Athens again.
 * 406 BCE: Athens defeats Sparta in the Battle of Arginusae and the blockade of Conon is lifted.
 * 406 BCE: Sparta sues for peace, but Athens rejects this.
 * 406 BCE: The Carthaginians once again invade Sicily and return to Carthage with spoils of war, but also with the plague.
 * 405 BCE: The Spartan king Pausanias lays siege to Athens, which makes the city start starving.
 * 405 BCE: Dionysius the Elder rises to power in Syracuse. He signs a peace with Carthage and starts consolidating and expanding his influence.
 * April 25, 404 BCE: Athens surrenders to Sparta, ending the Peloponnesian War. Sparta introduces an oligarchic system, the Thirty Tyrants, in Athens.
 * 403 BCE: Some exiled Athenians return to fight the Thirty Tyrants and restore democracy in Athens. They are, however, narrowly defeated by the Spartans in the Battle of Piraeus. After this, the Spartan king Pausanias allows democracy to be restored in Athens.
 * 403 BCE: Thrasybulus restores the Athenian democracy and grants an almost general amnesty.
 * 403 BCE: The Athenians adopt the Ionianalphabet.
 * 401 BCE: Cyrus the Younger rebels against the Persian king Artaxerxes II but is, however, eventually slain in battle.
 * 400 BCE: The Carthaginians occupy Malta.
 * 400 BCE: London has its origins as far back as this time.
 * 400 BCE: Jōmon period ends in Ancient Japan.

4th Century BCE

 * 356 BCE: Alexander III is born

3rd Century BCE
Roman armies penetrate into the heart of the Samnite territory and then capture the Samnite cities of Taurasia, Bovianum Vetus and Aufidena Agathocles, king of Syracuse, Sicily, assists the Italian Greeks against the Bruttians and supported the Greeks against the Romans Ptolemy finally brings the rebellious region of Cyrene under his control. He places the region under the rule of his stepson Magas. Bindusara succeeds his father Chandragupta Maurya as emperor of the Mauryan Empire Theater, Epidauros, is built with later additions
 * 299 BCE: The Samnites, seizing their chance when Rome is engaged on the Lombard plain, start the Third Samnite War with a collection of mercenaries from Gaul and Sabine and Etruscan allies to help them
 * 298 BCE: The Samnites defeat the Romans under Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus in the Battle of Camerinum, first battle of the Third Samnite War
 * 293 BCE: The Chinese State of Qin reduced the threat of the State of Wei and the State of Han with the Qin victory in the Battle of Yique
 * 210 BCE: Moquihuix, the Tenochtitlan heir is born

1st Century CE

 * 50 CE: Maori peoples land on the continent of Aoteroa