User:JorgeGG/Ideas

=Ideas and proposals and development of Cromwell the Great=

=To do list=
 * Colonial North America
 * Ireland (Settlement and problem) and Act of Union (legal incorporation of Ireland to the Commonwealth)
 * Lord Presidents of the Provinces of Ireland
 * Prince Rupert???
 * Charter companies.
 * British and French India

Symbols of Power
Ideas for symbols of office (commonwealth mace, civic crown, sash?, and what other republican regalia or symbols?)

The installation of the Lord Protector: A robe of purple velvet lined with ermine, a Sword of state and a Scepter, and the Bible, sitting in the "Coronation Chair" or "King Edward's Chair." (source)

Other names for British colonies in North America

 * OTL Carolinas (in honour of King Charles I): Alternatives Raleigh, Pamlico, Heath (in honour of Sir Robert Heath), Nova Britannia.
 * OTL Georgia (in honour of King George II):

Colonialism
Colonial Empires of CtG
 * Commonwealth (America, Africa, Asia, Australasia and Oceania)
 * France (Africa, Asia, Australasia and Oceania)
 * Dutch Republic (America, Africa, Asia, Australasia and Oceania)
 * Iberia (Portugal and Spain) (America, Africa and Philippines)
 * Russia (expansion to Siberia and Central Asia and Alaskya)

=North America=

Oregon and New Albion
Oregon (Spanish: Oregón) is a sovereign state in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. Its was formerly part of California. Disputes between California, Borealia (Hudson Bay Company) and Dakota over the control of the current territory of Oregon, along New Albion, lead to the Sacramento Treaty of 18XX that declared its independence from California.

For a transitional period it was jointly administered by California, Borealia and Dakota.

Mexican, Californian, Louisianian or Commonwealth Oregon?

Oregon (Mexican/Californian/Louisianian) and Columbia Dispute. Joint Administration? or Arbitration (splitting it)?

New Albion (French: Nouvelle-Albion, Spanish: Nueva Albión) is a westernmost Commonwealth colony, located between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains. It borders to the north Russian Alaska, northeast Borealia (Hudson Bay Company) and south the republic of Oregon.

New Albion, named after the land north of Mexico claimed by Sir Francis Drake. Its capital, Cromwell, was founded as a port and trading post of the Hudson Bay Company. In a short time it became a port of importance and a magnet for migration.

The former colony of Vancouver Island was united with the mainland Colony of New Albion. The later being also a former territory of Borealia.

The Sacramento Treaty of 18XX secured its administration by the Commonwealth and defined the border with Russian Alaska on the Pacific.

=South America= =Others=

German States Customs Unions
After the Peace of Vienna (1810) that ended the European Revolutionary War (1790-1810) there were a series of actions to reorganize the political map of the former Holy Roman Empire in Germany. Rivalries between the state formed three major blocs:
 * 1) a West bloc composed of Rhenania and Confederation of the Rhine, All close allies of France and integrated by the more liberal of the states of Germany
 * 2) the East and Central group made of of Prussia, Sachsen and the Thuringen states. All of them mostly independent and more focused in eastern Europe in their foreign policy and Protestant.
 * 3) a Southern bloc of Bavaria and Austria, an alliance based on the geographical and historical links of the Catholic German states.
 * 4) and finally a loose northern association of Bremen, Hamburg, Lübeck and Pomerania based on mercantile interest and closeness to the UK of Scandinavia.

These bloc expressed themselves in trade and customs unions. Some of these unions more or less coordinate and manage tariffs and economic policies within the territories of their member states.
 * Zoll- und Handelsverein der Thüringischen Staaten: - A Trade and customs union of the Thuringian States. A supplementary treaty added a monetary and coinage union;
 * Westdeutscher Zollverein: A trade, customs and monetary agreement between the members of the Confederation of the Rhine;
 * Preussisch-Sächsische Zollverein: A trade and customs treaty between Prussia and Sachsen;
 * Südliche Zollverein: A trade and customs treaty between Bavaria and Austria; and
 * Nord Allianz: A port, shipping and transport agreement of Bremen, Hamburg, Lübeck, Pomerania and Prussia with Scandinavia.

Austria / Danubia
This page covers the Austrian Empire (1809-...) and the Danubian Federation (...-...) -

The Austrian Empire (Austrian German: Kaiserthum Oesterreich, modern spelling Kaisertum Österreich) was a Central European multinational great power from 1804 to (...), created by proclamation out of the realms of the Habsburgs. During its existence, it was the third most populous empire after the Russian Empire and the Commonwealth in Europe. Geographically, it was the third largest empire in Europe after the Russian Empire (621,538 square kilometres). Proclaimed in response to the European Revolutionary Wars, it partially overlapped with the Holy Roman Empire until the latter's dissolution in 1805.

Austria with the Peace of Vienna (1810) ceded western ("Upper") Carinthia with Lienz in the East Tyrol, Carniola, Gorizia and Gradisca, the Imperial Free City of Trieste, the March of Istria, and the Croatian lands southwest of the river Sava to the Italian and French Republic that created the jointly ruled Provinces of Illyria. The southern half of Tyrol went to the Italian Republic.

Austria's multinational, linguistic and religious subjects are keep together by the Emperor, Imperial Bureaucracy and the Army. Serfdom was officially abolished in all Habsburg lands in 1810.

Under reformist Emperor Joseph Franz the demands of locals subjects were considered and also regional economic interest were seeing as vital for push in the development of Austria. In 1838 and 1839 a major reform of the administration was decreed.

The Imperial Rescript of 1838, only applied to Cisleithania, divided the former crown lands into provinces. The provinces would have an appointed Governor and an elected provincial diet. For Hungary, or Transleithania, the Imperial Charter of 1839 organized it also in provinces. Transylvania and the Military Frontier were unmodified save for the grant of local government to cities.

Common to the whole of the Austrian Empire was that the electorate was be divided in three classes according to property requirements. The all classes could vote, but the first two classes could nominate candidates. The provincial diets would elect representatives to the House of Representatives of the National Parliament. The Senate would be integrated by nobles and nominated members.


 * Emperor (Kaiser)
 * Francis I (1768–1835) 1805-1835
 * Joseph Franz (1799–1807) 1835-18...


 * State Chancellor (Staatskanzler)
 * Johann Philipp Stadion, Count von Warthaus (1763–1824)1805-1807
 * Prince Klemens von Metternich (1773-1859) 1807-1836

Between 1804 and 1838 Austria was divided in several administrative division partially due historical and legal reason. The main division are the Austrian crown lands, the lands of Bohemia, the Kingdom of Hungary, Principality of Transylvania and the Military Frontier.
 * Administrative Division

They are administered by Statthalter governors directly subordinate to the Emperor and under guidance of the State Council. They have certain autonomy with their traditional Landstände (estates) assemblies. Bohemia is administered by Statthalter governors directly subordinate to the Emperor and under guidance of the State Council. The Kingdom is administered by a Palatine appointed by the Emperor and it has its own Diet (parliament) and customary constitution. However the Diet was rarely summoned by Emperor to session. Members of the Governor's Council (Helytartótanács) were appointed by the Habsburg monarch, and the superior economic institution, the Hungarian Chamber, was directly subordinated to the Court Chamber in Vienna. Transylvania is administered by an Imperial Governor It is under the direct control of the Habsburg Imperial military
 * Austrian crown lands (before 1838)
 * Archduchy of Austria (Erzherzogtum Österreich)
 * Lower Austria (Erzherzogtum Österreich unter der Enns)
 * Upper Austria (Erzherzogtum Österreich ob der Enns)
 * Duchy of Salzburg (Herzogtum Salzburg)
 * Duchy of Styria (Herzogtum Steiermark)
 * Princely County of Tyrol with Vorarlberg (Gefürstete Grafschaft Tirol mit dem Lande Vorarlberg)
 * Lands of the Bohemian Crown (Länder der Böhmischen Krone, before 1838)
 * Kingdom of Bohemia (Königreich Böhmen)
 * Margraviate of Moravia (Markgrafschaft Mähren)
 * Kingdom of Hungary (Königreich Ungarn, before 1839)
 * Grand Principality of Transylvania (Großfürstentum Siebenbürgen)
 * Military Frontier (Militärgrenze)

The major reorganization of 1838-1839 divided as followed:
 * Cisleithania into the provinces of:
 * Austrian Carinthia (Klagenfurt)
 * Lower Austria (VIenna)
 * Upper Austria (Linz)
 * Salzburg (Salzburg)
 * Styria (Graz)
 * Tyrol (Innsbruck)
 * Bohemia (Prague)
 * Moravia (Brünn/Brno)
 * Transleithania (Hungary or Magyar) into the provinces:
 * Pozsony
 * Kassa
 * Sopron
 * Pest-Ofen
 * Nagyvárad
 * Upper Hungary
 * Banat
 * Transylvania (Kolozsvár/Cluj)
 * Vojvodina
 * Military Frontier

The Danubian Federation is a central European state that is the successor of the Austrian Empire after the Austrian Insurrection (later called the Danubian Revolution) of 18XX. On deposing the Emperor of Austria a regency - the United Crowns of Danubia - was established as transitional government until elections for a constituent assembly drafted and approved a new constitution. The elections for the National Assembly gave a majority to republican and nationalist parties that voted to end the monarchy and form a federal republic on the Swiss cantonal model.

Major issues to solve were the linguistic question in schools, law courts and public administration and the army and how much of self rule did the states enjoyed.

The federal executive power is vested in the General Director and the National Directory, both elected by the legislature. The Danubian National Congress is the bicameral legislature consisting of two houses: the Council and the Assembly.
 * Governance

Areas specifically reserved to the Confederation are the armed forces, currency, the postal service, national roads, railroads and river transport, conducting foreign relations with sovereign states, civil and criminal law, weights and measures, and customs duties.

Each state has its own constitution, legislature, executive, police and courts. A directorial system of government is followed by each state. The state governments have the right to make and enforce legislation and policies in their own states, subject to the federal laws and policies, so long state laws do not contradict federal law or the Constitution.

Economically Danubia has industrial centers in the main cities of Austria (Vienna), Hungary (Budapest), Bohemia-Moravia (Prague and Brno) and along the Danube, the rest of the territory is mainly dedicated to agricultural, cattle and timber production and light industries such as food processing and textiles.


 * Member states of Danubia

Russia
The Russian Empire (Russian: Российская Империя, tr. Rossiyskaya Imperiya) is an empire that exists across Eurasia and North America from 1721, following the end of the Great Northern War.

The third largest empire in world history, stretching over three continents. The rise of the Russian Empire happened in association with the decline of neighboring rival powers: the Swedish Empire, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Persia and the Ottoman Empire. It played a major role in European Revolutionary Wars in defeating French ambitions to control Europe and expanded to the west and south.


 * Emperor of All Russia

Khedivate of Egypt
Egypt! from whose all dateless tombs arose Forgotten Pharaohs from their long repose, And shook within their pyramids to hear A new Cambyses thundering in their ear; While the dark shades of forty ages stood Like startled giants by Nile's famous flood. (Lord Byron, The Age of Bronze, 1823) The Khedivate of Egypt (Arabic: خديوية مصر‎; Ottoman Turkish: خدیویت مصر‎ Hıdiviyet-i Mısır) is an autonomous tributary state of the Ottoman Empire, established and ruled by the Muhammad Ali Dynasty following the defeat and expulsion of the French Army of Egypt under the command of Louis Charles Antoine Desaix also bringing an end to the short-lived French occupation of Lower Egypt.

Before the landing of the French expeditionary force Egypt was a province of the Ottoman Empire conquered in 1517 from the ruling Mamluk Sultanate. However Egypt was a difficult province for the Ottoman Sultans to control, due in part to the continuing power and influence of the Mamluks. The Mamluks were the Egyptian military caste that had ruled the country for centuries.
 * Ottoman Egypt

During the European Revolutionary Wars (1790-1810), the idea of annexing Ottoman Egypt as a French colony or protectorate had been under discussion under the Directory. The goals were to attack British commerce, and undermine Britain's access to India and the East Indies, since Egypt was well-placed on the trade routes to these places. Also it would more easily linked with Cygnia, regain French India and help France's ally Tipu Sultan, ruler of Mysore in India. An engineering project of a "double port" connecting the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea, the current Suez Canal, was also considered to be done once French occupation was consolidated. However plans for the military campaign were shelved as other military goals in Europe were of more immediate concern.
 * French Egypt (1803-1806)

The fall of the Directory and installation of Grand Elector Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès (1801-1809) plans for the Egyptian military expedition were revived and General Louis Charles Antoine Desaix given its command. The invading fleet sailed in 1803, reoccupying Malta again (1803-1805).

The landing in Alexandria of French troops easily defeating the Mameluke army and securing the port, the next step was moving by land and using the Nile as supply line, to Cairo. In 1803, after winning the decisive Battle of the Pyramids were the Mamluks and the Egyptian Army were wiped out, Desaix proclaimed the Egyptian Republic as a sister state of France. However French control was unchallenged in the Lower Egypt, the chaotically fleeing Mamluk forces mustered a sparse resistance in the Upper Egypt.

Immediate reforms included the recruitment of a local army modelled in the French one, naming of councils of local notables (divans) in Alexandria, Cairo and capital of departments to advise the French civil and military authorities, an armistice for Arab and Turks, the expropriation of the lands and states of the Arabs and Turks that did not put down their resistance.

The new republic was readily organized along french administration in departments under the direction of a French prefect and Egyptian advisor with a local council of notables. This dual administration was copied in all levels. The General Commissioner of the Egyptian Republic was the chief executive assisted by a consultative Divan. The judiciary, as the administration was divided in the religious courts of the Muslims, Copts, other Christians and Jews and the Civil Courts that tried cases were a French or European was one of the parties of fell within the French civil and penal law.

Besides the religious feats of the Islamic and Coptic calendar three civil feats were established: fête of the Nile (celebrating the Nile floods which brought fertility to the plains, 28 August), the fête or mawlid of the Prophet (anniversary of his birth beginning on 21 August), and the fête de la République (22 September).

Pasha Muhammad Ali controlled Egypt using the incipient state machinery left by the French. Under his rule Egypt was centralized and annually paid its tribute to the Sublime Porte. Ali also started to govern autonomously being later acknowledged as viceroy (Khedive) by the Sultan. Ali also began the industrial cultivation of cotton and built irrigation works, a taxing system and a treasury. Machinery for textiles and steam machines were imported. The railroad between Cairo and Alexandria was inaugurated with grand fanfare marking for many the beginning of a modern Egypt. Under British expertise the Egyptian pound was introduce as the national currency.
 * The Khedivate (1806 to date)

Egypt was divided in provinces (mudīryāt), each subdivided into departments (m’amūryāt), districts (qism, plural: ‘aqsām) and sub-districts (khuṭ).

Before the declaration of the Khedivate, the governors (beylerbey) of Egypt were named by the Sultan at his pleasure. Muhammad Ali Pasha established a hereditary governorship (Khedive) that was autonomous from Sublime Porte in all but name. Beylerbey (Governor) General Commissioner of the Egyptian Republic Khedive
 * Rulers of Egypt
 * Abdullah Pasha al-Azm ...-1803. Mamluk emirs Murad Bey and Ibrahim Bey wield de facto power
 * (vacant 1803-1804 due to French occupation)
 * Ibrahim Bey 1804-1804 (puppet governor named by Muhammad Ali Pasha)
 * Hurşid Ahmed Pasha 1804-1806 (named by Muhammad Ali Pasha. later deposed by him and ruled directly has Khedive)
 * Louis Charles Antoine Desaix 1803-1805 (died in battle)
 * Jean-Baptiste Kléber 1805-1806
 * Jacques-François Menou 1806-1806
 * Muhammad Ali Pasha 1806-1848
 * Ibrahim Pasha 1848-
 * Isma'il Pasha

=Other regions=

Barbary Republic
Berber or Barbary Coast Republic (République du Côte des Barbaresques) was a short-lived client republic of France. Recovered by Ottomans and Spain.

南洋聯盟
Nanyang League is a Chinese state and kongsi federation in Western Borneo. It was established by Hakka Chinese laborers that in the 18th century migrated to Borneo to work in the gold and tin mines. A number of the mining companies (kongsi) enjoyed some political autonomy given out by the local sultans. The control of the sultans was limited to the coast so the kongsi enjoyed a virtual independence in the interior from their rule. The local aborigines, Dayaks, were not under the control of any polity.

India continent
=Sports=

Cricket
The  Cricket Conference (CC) is composed of the representatives from the National Cricket Association (NCA, England and Wales), Scottish Cricket Union and Irish Cricket Union.

Its international body is the International Cricket Conference (ICC) composed of the representatives from the National Cricket Association (NCA England and Wales), Scottish Cricket Union, Irish Cricket Union, West Indies Cricket Board and Australian Cricket Board. The ICC was established for the formulation of rules and regulations which govern the international matches between the member associations.

Football
The Association Football Board (AFB) is composed of the British representatives from the Football Association (FA), Scottish Football Association (SFA), Football Association of Wales (FAW) and Irish Football Association (IFA). Is has as associate members the Channel Islands Football Association and Isle of Man Football Association.


 * British League Cup
 * The Football Association Challenge Cup
 * Scottish Football Association Challenge Cup
 * Welsh Football Association Cup
 * Irish Football Association Challenge Cup

The Women's Commonwealth Football Association (WCFA) is the governing body of women's football in the Commonwealth. It organizes an annual championship, the County Football Associations Challenge Trophy and the Scottish Women's Football Cup.

The British Home Championship is a biannual football competition contested between the Commonwealth's five home national teams: England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland and Home Islands Combination (joint team of the Isle of Man and Channel Islands). It is the oldest international football tournament.

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Rugby
The International Rugby Football Board (IRFB) is composed of the British representatives from the (English) Rugby Football Union (RFU), Scottish Rugby Union (SRU), Irish Rugby Football Union (IRFU) and Welsh Rugby Union (WRU). Is has as associate member the Channel Islands Rugby Association. The Manx Rugby Football Union is affiliated to the Rugby Football Union and its rugby league. The clubs of the Channel Islands take part in the English rugby leagues.

The British Women's' Rugby Union (BWRU) is the governing body for women's rugby union in the Commonwealth.

The Home Nations Championships is a biannual rugby competition contested between the Commonwealth's five home national teams: England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland and Channel Islands. It is the oldest international rugby tournament.

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Other Sports

 * Lacrosse (North America)
 * Field hockey
 * Ice hockey
 * Basketball (North America)
 * baseball (North America)