Caliphate of Córdoba (Ard Marjhoola)

The Caliphate of Córdoba was a nation state existing since 929 from the previous Emirate. It had a monopoly of the colonisation of Ard Marjhoola during the 10th century after its first colony in 933.

Alongside this, It was able to conquer the Kingdoms of Leon and Castille in the north, and later parts of north Africa.