Turkey (America Takes All Lands From Mexico And Ottoman Empire)

Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye), officially the Republic of Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti) is a Eurasian country, located mostly on the Anatolia in Western Asia and on Thrace in Southeastern Europe.

Turkey is bordered by seven countries: Bulgaria to the west; the Soviet Union to the northeast and east; Armenia and Iran to the east; and Iraq, Assyria and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea is to the south; the Aegean Sea is to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.

Seljuk Turks began migrating into the area now called Turkey (derived from the Medieval Latin Turchia, i.e. "Land of the Turks") in the 11th century. The process was greatly accelerated by the Seljuk victory over the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071. The Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1243, upon which it disintegrated into several small Turkish beyliks. Starting from the late 13th century, the Ottoman beylik united Anatolia and created the Ottoman Empire encompassing much of Southeastern Europe, Western Asia and North Africa.

After the Ottoman Empire collapsed following its defeat in World War I, parts of it were occupied by the victorious Allies. A cadre of young military officers, led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and his colleagues, organized a successful resistance to the Allies; in 1923, the modern Republic of Turkey was established, with Atatürk as its first president.