Iberian Federation (Testbox)

The Federation of Iberian Communes (Spanish: Federación de Comunas Ibéricas), commonly known as the Iberian Federation (Spanish: Federación Ibérica), was the anarcho-syndicalist government that existed in Spain from 1937 to 1943. The federation was oficially proclaimed on 14 April 1940, after the deposition of Alfonso XIII, though it was preceded by an anarcho-syndicalist rebellion in Catalonia and Valencia during the Spanish Civil War.

After victory in the civil war, a meeting of the Central Committee of the National Confederation of Labour - Iberian Anarchist Federation group in conjunction with the Worker's Party of Marxist Unification (POUM), a Marxist-Leninist group, established a devolved system of community autonomy, greatly reducing the powers of government which became limited to matters of national defence and foreign policy. The anarchist government of Juan García Oliver initiated numerous reforms designed to democratise the country.

The Oliver government lasted only three years, as the Portuguese Invasion of Spain, backed by the British Commonwealth and the French Empire, led to the restoration of the Kingdom of Spain under Alfonso XIII.