User:Candiesrgood/Sandbox III/Han people

Hans are an ethnic group that consists of individuals that have adopted the Han ethnic identity, which is itself tied with shared ancestry and culture ( and ) rather than and.

Demographics
According to a 2016 estimate, out of the 156,322,983 people living in Hani, 154,759,753 (roughly ~99%) are ethnic Hans, with with American nationals comprising the second largest nationality. This state of ethnic homogeneity can be attributed to strict immigration laws and has been a source of ethno-national pride.

Despite the fact that Hani’s population growth hovered at 3% annually during the forties and fifties, Hani today has an ageing population thanks to a low fertility rate, which just stands at an average of 1.39 births per woman between 2010 and 2015. This is well below 2.1 births per woman needed to sustain the population. This rapid decline is attributed to a Two-child policy implemented in the sixties, and increased education levels. It is projected that by 2025, the Han population will level off and begin its decline.

Citizenship
Citizenship is determined through the jus sanguinis (right of blood) principle, in which children at birth automatically receive citizenship if at least one biological parent is of partial or full Han ancestry. This principle also applies to children adopted from abroad, as long as the adoptive parent is of at least partial Han ancestry. Due to nationalism, dual citizenship has only been legalized since the eighties, and have been reserved for foreign-born Hans, who have stayed in their host country for a period of more than five years. Those with dual citizenship are prevented from obtaining higher political posts or offices, unless they renounce their dual citizenship in favor of Han citizenship. All Han citizens have the right to renounce their citizenship in favor of another, but may not re-obtain Han citizenship within less than a year of the change.

The Han government has been criticized for its strict immigration laws, which has deterred immigration and allowed it to keep its ethnic homogeneity. Those of full foreign ancestry, without any Han ancestry, could not receive Han citizenship. However, recently, there has been proposals to allow people of foreign ancestry to receive Han citizenship under very specific terms and conditions as well as undergoing the required process of naturalization.

Language
Han is the of Hani, being spoken by 99.2% of its population. The Han language is split into two distinct different ; with the spoken on every island with the exception of, which speaks with the. The Ansan dialect is the standardised version of Han and official government documents are written in the Ansan dialect. However, strong lexical differences exist between the two dialects, to the point that many think that the two may be separate languages. Another difference is the lack of formality and in the Shinan dialect.

The classification of the Han language continues to be heavily debated between the majority, who place it in the and a vocal minority who place it as a. Characteristics of Han includes morphology, a , a relatively small phonemic inventory, a noticeable  lack of consonant clusters (e.g., [str] in English), and a small set vowels (which in Han are a, e, i, o, u). A sizeable amount of its vocabulary is adopted from.

The Han language is mostly written in, which may appear , but is actually a phonemic alphabet organised into syllabic blocks. Each block is composed of at least one consonant and one vowel or at least one vowel. ,, and was historically used before the adoption of Hangul, but today all are outdated, with the exception of Hanja which is now taught only for legal and academic purposes.

Religion
Hani is a, and the and the  doctrines are incorporated into the. However, this has not stop, , and to leave a heavy influence on the Hani as Han culture stems primarily from concepts centered on Confucian values and work ethic.

The largest religions in Hani are  and, with most Han Christians being followers of  and. The Protestant branch is dominated by the Presbyterian denomination, followed by Evangelicalism and the Baptist tradition. The remainder of Hans has described themselves as being either, , , and/or , a percentage declining as a result of a revival in Buddhism and Christian missionary efforts.