List of Rulers of Austria (Principia Moderni III Map Game)

This page list all rulers of the nation of Austria.

Austria was ruled by the House of Babenberg until 1246 and by the House of Habsburg from 1282 to the present.

Margraves of Austria

 * ''See also: March of Austria

The March of Austria, also known as Marcha Orientalis, was first formed in 976 out of the lands that had once been the March of Pannonia in Carolingian times. The oldest attestation dates back to 996, where the written name "ostarrichi" occurs in a document transferring land in present-day Austria to a Bavarian monastery.

House of Babenberg
(Luitpold der Erlauchte) 976–994 nine children Würzbur] aged about 54 (Heinrich der Starke) 994–1018 son of Leopold I and Richardis of Sualafeldgau (Adalbert der Siegreiche) 1018–1055 son of Leopold I and Richardis of Sualafeldgau two children (2) Frozza Orseolo no issue Melk aged about 70 (Ernst der Tapfere) 1055–1075 son of Adalbert and Glismod of West-Saxony 1060 three children (2) Swanhilde von der Ungarnmark 1072 no issue aged about 48 (Luitpold der Schöne) 1075-1095 son of Ernest and Adelaide of Eilenburg 1065 eight children aged about 45 (Luitpold der Heilige) 1095–1136 Melk son of Leopold II and Ida of Cham one son (2) Agnes of Germany 1106 eighteen children Vienna aged about 63 (Luitpold der Freigiebige) 1137–1141 son of Leopold III and Agnes of Germany 28 September 1138 no issue Niederalteich aged about 33 (Heinrich Jasomirgott) 1141–1156 son of Leopold III and Agnes of Germany 1 May 1142 one daughter (2) Theodora Komnene 1148 three children aged about 70
 * width=auto| Leopold I the Illustrious
 * [[Image:Herzog Leopold I. Babenberg.jpg|100px]]
 * c. 940
 * Richardis of Sualafeldgau
 * 10 July 994
 * width=auto| Henry I the Strong
 * width=auto| Henry I the Strong
 * [[Image:Herzog Heinrich I. Babenberg.jpg|100px]]
 * late 10th century
 * never married
 * 23 June 1018
 * width=auto| Adalbert the Victorious
 * width=auto| Adalbert the Victorious
 * Adalbert der Siegreiche.jpg
 * c. 985
 * (1) Glismod of West-Saxony
 * 26 May 1055
 * width=auto| Ernest the Brave
 * width=auto| Ernest the Brave
 * Ernst II. der Tapfere.jpg
 * c. 1027
 * (1) Adelaide of Eilenburg
 * 10 June 1075
 * width=auto| Leopold II the Fair
 * width=auto| Leopold II the Fair
 * Herzog Leopold II. Babenberg.jpg
 * c. 1050
 * Ida of Cham
 * 12 October 1095
 * width=auto| Leopold III the Good
 * width=auto| Leopold III the Good
 * Herzog Leopold III. Babenberg.jpg
 * c. 1073
 * (1) Maria of Perg
 * 15 November 1136
 * width=auto| Leopold IV the Generous
 * width=auto| Leopold IV the Generous
 * Markgraf Leopold IV. Babenberg.jpg
 * c. 1108
 * Maria of Bohemia
 * 18 October 1141
 * width=auto| Henry II Jasomirgott
 * width=auto| Henry II Jasomirgott
 * Herzog Heinrich II. Babenberg.jpg
 * c. 1107
 * (1) Gertrude of Süpplingenburg
 * 13 January 1177
 * }
 * }

Dukes of Austria

 * See also: Duchy of Austria

In 1156, the Privilegium Minus elevated the march to a duchy, independent of the Duchy of Bavaria.

House of Babenberg
(Heinrich Jasomirgott) 1156-1177 son of Leopold III and Agnes of Germany 1 May 1142 one daughter (2) Theodora Komnene 1148 three children aged about 70 (Luitpold der Tugendhafte) 1177-1194 son of Henry II and Theodora Komnene 1174 four children Graz aged about 37 (Friedrich der Katholische) 1195-1198 son of Leopold V and Helena of Hungary The Holy Land aged about 23 (Luitpold der Glorreiche) 1198-1230 son of Leopold V and Helena of Hungary 1203 seven children San Germano aged about 54 (Friedrich der Streitbare) 1230-1246 Wiener Neustadt son of Leopold VI and Theodora Angelina no issue (2) Agnes of Merania 1229 no issue Leitha aged 35
 * width=auto| Henry II Jasomirgott
 * Herzog Heinrich II. Babenberg.jpg
 * c. 1107
 * (1) Gertrude of Süpplingenburg
 * 13 January 1177
 * width=auto| Leopold V the Virtuous
 * width=auto| Leopold V the Virtuous
 * Herzog Leopold V. Babenberg.jpg
 * c. 1157
 * Helena of Hungary
 * 31 December 1194
 * width=auto| Frederick I the Catholic
 * width=auto| Frederick I the Catholic
 * Herzog Friedrich I. der Christliche.jpg
 * c. 1175
 * never married
 * 16 April 1198
 * width=auto| Leopold VI the Glorious
 * width=auto| Leopold VI the Glorious
 * Herzog Leopold VI. Babenberg.jpg
 * c. 1176
 * Theodora Angelina
 * 28 July 1230
 * width=auto| Frederick II the Quarrelsome
 * width=auto| Frederick II the Quarrelsome
 * Herzog Friedrich II. Babenberg.jpg
 * 25 April 1211
 * (1) Sophia Laskarina
 * 15 June 1246
 * }
 * }

Interregnum
After Frederick's death, the succession of the Duchy was disputed between various claimants:
 * Vladislaus of Moravia, claimant 1246-1247
 * Herman VI of Baden, claimant 1248-1250
 * Frederick I of Baden, claimant 1250-1268
 * Ottokar II of Bohemia, claimant 1251-1278

House of Habsburg
In 1278, Rudolf I, King of Germany, defeated Ottokar and took control of Austria. In 1282 he invested his sons with the Duchies of Austria and Styria, thereby securing it for the House of Habsburg.

1278-1282 Breisgau son of Albert IV, Count of Habsburg and Hedwig of Kyburg 1245 9 children (2) Isabella of Burgundy 5 February 1284 no issue Speyer aged 73 1282-1308 Vienna eldest son of Rudolf I and Gertrude of Hohenburg 20 December 1274 Vienna 12 children Windisch aged 52 1282-1283 Rheinfelden third son of Rudolph I and Gertrude of Hohenburg March 1289 Prague one son Prague aged 20 1298-1307 Vienna eldest son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol 25 May 1300 one daughter (2) Elisabeth Richeza of Poland 16 October 1306 no issue Horažďovice aged 26 1308-1330 Vienna second son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol 11 May 1315 Ravensburg three children Gutenstein aged 41 1308-1326 Vienna third son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol 26 May 1315 Basel two daughters Strassburg aged 35 1330-1358 Habsburg Castle fourth son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol 15 February 1324 Vienna six children Vienna aged 59 1330-1339 Vienna seventh son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol 15 May 1325 Straubing two sons (2) Anne of Bohemia 16 February 1335 Znaim no issue Neuberg an der Mürz aged 37 1339-1344 eldest son of Otto I and Elisabeth of Bavaria Neuberg an der Mürz aged 17 1339-1344 second son of Otto I and Elisabeth of Bavaria aged 16 1358-1365 Vienna eldest son of Albert II the Wise and Joanna of Pfirt 13 July 1356 Vienna no issue Milan aged 25
 * width=auto| Rudolf I
 * Minnigerode-rudolf.JPG
 * 1 May 1218
 * (1) Gertrude of Hohenburg
 * 15 July 1291
 * width=auto| Albert I
 * width=auto| Albert I
 * Albert I of Germany.jpg
 * July 1255
 * Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol
 * 1 May 1308
 * width=auto| Rudolf II the Debonair
 * width=auto| Rudolf II the Debonair
 * Erb.jpg
 * July 1270
 * Agnes of Bohemia
 * 10 May 1290
 * width=auto| Rudolf III the Good
 * width=auto| Rudolf III the Good
 * Rudolf Stepan.jpg
 * c. 1281
 * (1) Blanche of France
 * 3/4 July 1307
 * width=auto| Frederick I the Fair
 * width=auto| Frederick I the Fair
 * Friedrich der Schöne.jpg
 * c. 1289
 * Isabella of Aragon
 * 13 January 1330
 * width=auto| Leopold I the Glorious
 * width=auto| Leopold I the Glorious
 * Leopold1mini.jpg
 * 4 August 1290
 * Catherine of Savoy
 * 28 February 1326
 * width=auto| Albert II the Wise
 * width=auto| Albert II the Wise
 * Albert II of Habsburg.jpg
 * 12 December 1298
 * Joanna of Pfirt
 * 16 August 1358
 * width=auto| Otto I the Merry
 * width=auto| Otto I the Merry
 * Otto, Duke of Austria.jpg
 * 23 July 1301
 * (1) Elisabeth of Bavaria
 * 17 February 1339
 * width=auto| Frederick II
 * width=auto| Frederick II
 * rowspan="2"| Ota synci2.jpg
 * 10 February 1327
 * never married
 * 11 December 1344
 * width=auto| Leopold II
 * width=auto| Leopold II
 * c. 1328
 * never married
 * 10 August 1344
 * width=auto| Rudolf IV the Founder
 * width=auto| Rudolf IV the Founder
 * Rudolf IV.jpg
 * 1 November 1339
 * Catherine of Bohemia
 * 27 July 1365
 * }
 * }

House of Habsburg
The Privilegium Maius, fabricated by Rudolf in 1359, attempted to invest the Dukes of Austria with the special position of an "Archduke". This title was frequently used by Ernest the Iron and other Dukes but not recognized by other princes of the Holy Roman Empire until Frederick V became Emperor and confirmed the Privilegium in 1453.

Rudolf was succeeded by his brothers that at first ruled jointly:

1365-1379 Vienna third son of Albert II the Wise and Joanna of Pfirt after 19 March 1366 Vienna no issue (2) Beatrice of Nuremberg 4 March 1375 Vienna one son Laxenburg aged 45 1365-1379 Vienna fourth son of Albert II the Wise and Joanna of Pfirt 23 February 1365 Vienna six children Sempach aged 34
 * width=auto| Albert III the Pigtail
 * Albrecht Dritte Habsburg1.jpg
 * 9 September 1349
 * (1) Elisabeth of Bohemia
 * 29 August 1395
 * width=auto| Leopold III the Just
 * width=auto| Leopold III the Just
 * Innsbruck 1 277.jpg
 * 1 November 1351
 * Viridis Visconti
 * 9 July 1386
 * }
 * }

Divided Rule
The territories were divided between the brothers and their descendants in the Treaty of Neuberg in 1379:

The Albertinian Line received the Duchy of Austria, later called Lower Austria:

1379-1395 Vienna third son of Albert the Wise and Joanna of Pfirt after 19 March 1366 Vienna no issue (2) Beatrice of Nuremberg 4 March 1375 Vienna one son Laxenburg aged 45 1395-1404 Vienna only son of Albert the Pigtail and Beatrice of Nuremberg 24 April 1390 Vienna two children Klosterneuburg aged 26 1404-Present ''under joint guardianship of Leopold IV and Ernest (1404–1410) Vienna only son of Albert IV and Joanna Sophia of Bavaria
 * width=auto| Albert III the Pigtail
 * Albrecht Dritte Habsburg1.jpg
 * 9 September 1349
 * (1) Elisabeth of Bohemia
 * 29 August 1395
 * width=auto| Albert IV the Patient
 * width=auto| Albert IV the Patient
 * Albrecht Vierte Habsburg.jpg
 * 19 September 1377
 * Joanna Sophia of Bavaria
 * 14 September 1404
 * width=auto| Albert V
 * width=auto| Albert V
 * Albrecht II. von Habsburg.jpg
 * 16 August 1397
 * N/A
 * N/A
 * align="center" colspan="5"| Vacant 1439-1440
 * }
 * }

The Leopoldinian Line received the Duchies ofStyria, Carinthia and Carniola, the County of Tyrol and Further Austria:

1379-1386 Vienna fourth son of Albert the Wise and Joanna of Pfirt 23 February 1365 Vienna six children Sempach aged 34 1386-1406 Vienna eldest son ofLeopold the Just and Viridis Visconti 13 November 1401 Vienna no issue Vienna aged 36 1386-1411 Vienna second son of Leopold the Just and Viridis Visconti 15 August 1393 Vienna no issue Vienna aged 40 1402-1406 Bruck an der Mur third son of Leopold the Just and Viridis Visconti 14 January 1392 Bruck an der Mur no issue (2) Cymburgis of Masovia 25 January 1412 Kraków nine children Bruck an der Mur aged 47 1402-1406 fourth son of Leopold the Just and Viridis Visconti 24 December 1407 Innsbruck one daughter (2) Anna of Brunswick 11 June 1411 Innsbruck four children Innsbruck aged 57
 * width=auto| Leopold III the Just
 * Innsbruck 1 277.jpg
 * 1 November 1351
 * Viridis Visconti
 * 9 July 1386
 * width=auto| William the Courteous
 * width=auto| William the Courteous
 * Wilhelm H.jpg
 * c. 1370
 * Joan II of Naples
 * 15 July 1406
 * width=auto| Leopold IV the Fat
 * width=auto| Leopold IV the Fat
 * POlda4.jpg
 * c. 1371
 * Catherine of Burgundy
 * 3 June 1411
 * width=auto| Ernest the Iron
 * width=auto| Ernest the Iron
 * Herzog Ernst tomb-slab.jpg
 * c. 1377
 * (1) Margaret of Pomerania
 * 10 June 1424
 * width=auto| Frederick IV of the Empty Pockets
 * width=auto| Frederick IV of the Empty Pockets
 * Anonym Herzog Friedrich IV. von Tirol.jpg
 * c. 1382
 * (1) Elisabeth of the Palatinate
 * 24 June 1439
 * }
 * }


 * In 1406, the Leopoldinian lines split their territories:
 * The Elder Ernestine line received the Duchies of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola, also called Inner Austria:

1402-Present Bruck an der Mur third son of Leopold the Just and Viridis Visconti 14 January 1392 [[Bruck an der Mur no issue (2) Cymburgis of Masovia 25 January 1412 Kraków nine children
 * width=auto| Ernest the Iron
 * Herzog Ernst tomb-slab.jpg
 * c. 1377
 * (1) Margaret of Pomerania
 * N/A
 * }

Both under the guardianship of

1406-Present fourth son of Leopold the Just and Viridis Visconti 24 December 1407 Innsbruck one daughter (2) Anna of Brunswick 11 June 1411 Innsbruck four children
 * width=auto| |Frederick IV of the Empty Pockets
 * Anonym Herzog Friedrich IV. von Tirol.jpg
 * c. 1382
 * (1) Elisabeth of the Palatinate
 * N/A
 * }
 * }


 * The Junior Tyrolean Line received Tyrol and soon also Further Austria. These territories were also called Upper Austria:

1406-Present fourth son of Leopold the Just and Viridis Visconti 24 December 1407 Innsbruck one daughter (2) Anna of Brunswick 11 June 1411 Innsbruck four children
 * width=auto| Frederick IV of the Empty Pockets
 * Anonym Herzog Friedrich IV. von Tirol.jpg
 * c. 1382
 * (1) Elisabeth of the Palatinate
 * N/A
 * }