Stuart Dynasty (Dissent)

The Stuart Dynasty was the last ruling house of the United Kingdom before the Eleven Years War and the Execution of King Charles I. After their deposition, the Stuart pretenders tried to reclaim the throne numerous times throughout the English Revolutionary Wars and incited several uprisings in Britain with the support of the Spanish. The Stuarts remained Kings in Ireland and some English colonies until the end of the English Revolutionary Wars, when Ireland was made a Kingdom under its own house. Under James Stuart, known as James II and IV to his supporters called Jacobites, the Stuart cause had renewed vigor in the Jacobite Wars, where he fought with the support of primarily Scots, Irish, and Welsh people against the English dominated British Commonwealth. Irish Jacobites, supporters of "King James II", would eventually launch the Williamite War (or War of the two Kings), a devastating civil war between the Irish King (installed by the British in 1672) and the Stuart King. In the end, James II would be forced to forever renounce the British throne and reign solely as King of Ireland. This brought an end to the Jacobite wars and brought Stuart rule to Ireland until the Irish Revolution of 1788. It's last heir became a cardinal and the line died out. There were numerous political movements which attached themselves to the Stuarts throughout their time among different countries throughout the anglosphere.

List of Dynastic Heads

 * Charles I: King of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1600 - 1649). Executed
 * Charles II: King of England (1649), Scotland (1649), and Ireland (1649-1672). Royalist Claimant During the English Revolutionary Wars.
 * James II: King of England (Pretender as James VII), Scotland (Pretender as James VII), and Ireland (Pretender as James II). Launched several Jacobite rebellions, was supported by France.
 * James III: King of England (Pretender as James VIII), Scotland (Pretender as James VIII), and Ireland (Pretender as James III). Launched a couple Jacobite rebellions, was supported by France.
 * Charles III: King of England (Pretender), Scotland (Pretender), and Ireland (1745-1788). Launched a Jacobite Uprising in Ireland and the Highlands of Scotland, affectionately known as Bonnie Prince Charlie. Ruled a nationalist catholic Ireland until his death and the Irish Revolution.
 * Henry Benedict Stuart: Duke of York (1725-1807), King of Ireland (Half-Hearted Pretender). Used as a symbol of fringe Jacobite catholic groups in post-revolutionary Ireland, was a cardinal and stuck to monastic life.

Royalists in the English Revolutionary Wars
The royalists in the English Revolutionary Wars were a general grouping of reactionaries living abroad in Spain and France who used their vast amounts of wealth to fund uprisings and expeditions against the Revolutionary English Government with support from the loyal Irish and the conservative catholic Spanish empire. Ideologically, the royalists were led by Thomas Hobbes, an English exile living in France and architect of counter-radicalism and neo-absolutism. He served as an inspiration to Louis XIV, who modelled his state after Hobbesian works. Although the royalist cause was defeated, the royalists now took up the cause of counter-radicalism, hoping to defeat revolution wherever it stood.

The Jacobite Wars
Main Article: Jacobite Wars (Diggers)

The Jacobite Wars were a series of rebellions by the Jacobites, a mostly celtic, conservative, and nationalist political movement centered around James Stuart, the pretender to the thrones of the British Isles. James would find his support in absolutist France, fearful of English political radicalism and desiring of hegemony over Europe, and would launch several uprisings in England, Scotland, and Ireland. The Jacobites slowly became more associated with the Highland Scots, the Cornish and the Irish: All Celtic peoples who had been drawn to the Stuarts by their celtic lineage and promises of protection from the more powerful Germanic-centered British revolutionary regime. This rebellions were mostly failures, although the Jacobites became a powerful faction in an independent Ireland, then ruled as a confederation. The Jacobites particularly gained support in the more Irish speaking and celtic provinces opposed to the Hiberno-Norman dominated land-holding class of the Irish Confederacy.

The Caroline Restoration
The last of Jacobite Wars, which involved large scale uprisings across Britain and Ireland, Charles Stuart (known as Bonnie Prince Charlie) agreed to peace with the British, renouncing his claims over the thrones of Scotland and England in exchange for being allowed to rule in Ireland. Charles III of Ireland centralized the country under an absolutist monarchy and expanded Irish power beyond the emerald isle itself. His dynasty did not survive his death, as his pious son was secluded to monastic life while revolution raged throughout the country. Henry Benedict Stuart had no children and when he died the Stuart line finally went extinct and the Jacobite cause died.