Principia Moderni III (Map Game)

​Principia Moderni, or "The Beginning of the Modern" in Late Latin, was a map game beginning in the final days of the Middle Ages in Europe, and the early days of the Ming Dynasty in China - in 1400 C. E, a turbulent era; in other words, an era of change; an era in which power is cemented. The first game was perhaps the most successful map game on the wiki in terms of length, finishing without dying and plausible expansions. However, it did have its problems, and has now finished. The second game, instead of being a worthy successor to the first, was marred by over-expansionism, feuds between players, ambiguity in the rules, which often caused controversy on wars between player nations, over-competitiveness, and overall inactivity of the moderators, but was nevertheless successful in reaching the Modern Age. And thus, this third installment has been created. Welcome to Principia Moderni III!

Active

 * 1) Andr3w777
 * 2) Collie Kaltenbrunner (Moderator-in-Chief, Assistant Mapmaker)
 * 3) Callumthered
 * 4) Commandante Lemming
 * 5) CourageousLife
 * 6) Fedelede
 * 7) Feudalplague (Algo Mod, ASB Hunter, Mapmaker)
 * 8) Monster Pumpkin
 * 9) Mscoree (Moderator and Mapmaker)
 * 10) Scandinator (Mapmaker, Disaster Mod)
 * 11) Sine dei gloriem (Moderator and Mapmaker)

Honorary

 * AwesomePeruvian
 * Cosman246 (creator of the first game)
 * Detectivekenny (moderator-in-chief of the first game)
 * Galaguerra1
 * PitaKang
 * LurkerLordB (moderator-in-chief of Principia Moderni II until about 1580)
 * VonGlusenburg
 * Scrawland Scribblescratch (Mapmaker only)
 * CrimsonAssassin

Current Map
As a note to everyone, do not edit the map unless you are authorized as a mapmaker. Inability to follow this rule will be met with action. "This is not your grave  but you are welcome in it. " 00:00, April 10, 2014 (UTC)

Remember to align the map to the center! Bfoxius (talk)

Please use the posted map as the Base map for editing from now on please. -Feud



Sign-ups

 * See Also: Territories 

Western Europe (France and Iberia)

 * Lordship of Albret --
 * Andorra --
 * Anjou (Personal Union under Provence) --
 * Brittany -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Empire of Hispania -
 * Foix (Personal Union with Andorra) --
 * French Monarchy (Predominant French control, Still some nations away from direct monarchic control)
 * Alençon (Dynastic Union with Valois) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Angoulême (No Ruler, governed by Valois) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Armagnac (Dynastic Union with Valois) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Auvergne (Personal Union with Berry, Vassal of France) -- Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Berry (Dynastic Union with Valois, Vassal of France) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Blois (Personal Union under Orléans with France) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Bourbon (Dynastic Union with Valois, Vassal of France) -- Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Duchy of Burgundy (Personal Union with France)-- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Dunois (Personal Union under Orléans with France) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Forez (Personal Union under Bourbon, Vassal of France) -- Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * France: -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * La Marche (Dynastic Union with Bourbon) --
 * Nemours (Personal Union with Armagnac) -- Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Nevers (Dynastic Union with Burgundy) --
 * Orléans (Dynastic Union with Valois, Vassal of France) -- Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Parthenay (Vassal of Orléans) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Périgord (Personal Union under Orléans) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Rodez (Personal Union with Armagnac) -- Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Valois -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Vendôme (Personal Union under La Marche) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Limoges --
 * Portugal -- Collie Kaltenbrunner (talk)
 * Saluzzo (Vassal of France) -- Sine dei gloriem (talk)
 * Kingdom of the Netherlands-- With Blood and Iron (talk)

Northern Europe (Britain and Scandinavia)

 * UNC
 * Denmark -- Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svgLabarum.jpgCrimsonAssassin- I have special eyes
 * Sweden -- Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svgLabarum.jpgCrimsonAssassin- I have special eyes
 * Norway -- Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svgLabarum.jpgCrimsonAssassin- I have special eyes
 * Schleswig -- Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svgLabarum.jpgCrimsonAssassin- I have special eyes
 * Sligo --
 * Thomond --

Albion

 * Éire -- Sky Green 24 20:42, June 2, 2014 (UTC)
 * England-- Trust Me, I'm The Doctor (talk)
 * Wales -- Trust Me, I'm The Doctor (talk)
 * Dublin -- Trust Me, I'm The Doctor (talk)
 * Scotland -- Trust Me, I'm The Doctor (talk)

Holy Roman Empire

 * Alpine HRE States
 * Aargau --
 * Austria -- Mscoree (talk)
 * Basel -- Vassal of France Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Cilli (Vassal of Hungary) -- [[Image:1.png|23px]]Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Freibourg --
 * Montfort --
 * Swiss Confederacy --
 * Salzburg -- (Vassal of Austria) Mscoree (talk)
 * Wallis --
 * Bohemian HRE States (Vassal states to Bohemia, except Moravia)
 * Bohemia -- (Personal Union with Austria) Millgy/Mscoree (talk)
 * Moravia -- (Dynastic Union with Bohemia) -- Mscoree (talk)
 * Silesia --  (Vassal of Bohemia) -- Mscoree (talk)
 * Lusatia -- (Vassal of Bohemia) -- Mscoree (talk)
 * Frankish HRE States
 * Bar --
 * County of Burgundy -- (Personal union under the Duchy of Burgundy) -- Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Cambrai (Bishopric) --
 * French Flanders -- (Artios, and the lands south of the county of Flanders, Personal Union with Burgundy) -- Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Lorraine -- (Vassal of Burgundy) -- Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Luxembourg -- (Personal Union under Moravia) -- Mscoree (talk)
 * Straßburg -- (Vassal of Austria)
 * Sundgau -- (Consolidated with Strassburg)
 * Verdun -- (Vassal of France) -- Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria
 * Bayern-Ingolstadt (Vassal of Bavaria) -- Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Bavaria (Bayern-Landshut) -- Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Bayern-Munchen (Vassal/Personal Union of Bavaria) -- Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Bayern-Straubing (Vassal of Bavaria) -- Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Burgau (Vassal of Bavaria) Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Nürnburg (Vassal of Bavaria) -- Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Burggraschaft (Vassal of Bavaria) -- Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Bamberg (Vassal of Bavaria) -- Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Würzburg (Vassal of Bavaria) -- Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Thuringia (Vassal of Bavaria) -- Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Saxony (Vassal of Bavaria) -- Cookiedamage (talk)
 * Cleves-Mark (Vassal of Koln)
 * Köln --
 * Grand Duchy of Hesse
 * Hesse -- Blocky858 (talk)
 * Lippe -- Blocky858 (talk)
 * Bruchhausen -- Blocky858 (talk)
 * Bremen -- Blocky858 (talk)
 * Neu Lippe -- Blocky858 (talk)
 * Berg -- Blocky858 (talk)
 * Neu Bremen -- Blocky858 (talk)
 * Neu Bruchausen -- Blocky858 (talk)
 * Ludwig Insels -- Blocky858 (talk)
 * German HRE States (Under construction)
 * Augsburg -- (Vassal of Austria) Mscoree (talk)
 * Bamberg --
 * Brandenburg (Personal Union under Moravia) Mscoree (talk)
 * Duchy of Stade (Vassal of Hamburg) -- I am that guy (talk) 17:44, June 6, 2014 (UTC)
 * Burggrafschaft --
 * Duchy of Hamburg -- I am that guy (talk)
 * Holstein (Vassal of Hamburg)
 * Jülich -- (Vassal of Trier)
 * Magdeburg (Prince-Bishopric) (Vassal to Hamburg) --
 * Mainz (Prince-Bishopric) -- (Vassal of Austria) Mscoree (talk)
 * Mecklenburg (Personal union with Hamburg) --
 * Munster (Prince-Bishopric, Vassal Of Hesse) -- Blocky858 (talk)
 * Oldenburg -- Callumthered (talk)
 * Osnabrück (Prince-Bishopric) (Vassal of Oldenburg)-- Callumthered (talk)
 * Paderborn (Prince-Bishopric, Vassal of Hesse) -- Blocky858 (talk)
 * Pfalz (Vassal of Austria) Mscoree (talk)
 * Pomerania (Vassal of Austria) - Mscoree (talk)
 * Trier (Prince-Bishopric)-- NonEuclidean ツ (Talk)
 * Zweibrücken (Vassal of Trier)
 * Swabia (Vassal of Austria) - Mscoree (talk)
 * Italian HRE States
 * Corsica (Personal Union under Italy) -- Saturn (Talk) 18:22, May 29, 2014 (UTC)
 * Ferrara (Vassal of Italy) -- Saturn (Talk) 18:22, May 29, 2014 (UTC)
 * Genoa (Personal Union under Italy) -- Saturn (Talk) 18:22, May 29, 2014 (UTC)
 * Lombardy -- Tr0llis (talk)
 * Modena (Vassal of Italy) -- Saturn (Talk) 18:22, May 29, 2014 (UTC)
 * Padua -- (Vassal of Milan) Tr0llis (talk)
 * Ravenna -- (Vassal of Milan) Tr0llis (talk)
 * Provence -- Saturn (Talk) 18:22, May 29, 2014 (UTC)
 * Tuscany (Vassal of Italy)  -- Saturn (Talk) 18:22, May 29, 2014 (UTC)

Southern Europe (Italy and the Balkans)

 * Albania (Vassal of the Roman Empire) -- Monster Pumpkin
 * Arborea --
 * Bosnia (Vassal of Hungary) -- [[Image:1.png|23px]]Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Bulgaria (Vassal of Rumania) -- Stephanus rex (talk) 22:46, March 26, 2014 (UTC)
 * Roman (Byzantine) Empire -- Monster Pumpkin
 * Croatia (Personal Union with Hungary) -- [[Image:1.png|23px]]Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Epirote Republic (Vassal of the Roman Empire) -- MP
 * Garay (Vassal of Hungary) -- [[Image:1.png|23px]]Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Hungary -- [[Image:1.png|23px]]Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Empire of Hispania --
 * Italy -- (Personal Union under Spain)
 * Kingdom of Venezia (Vassal of Spain)
 * Duchy of Savoy (Vassal of Spain)
 * Duchy of Genoa (Vassal of Spain)
 * Naxos (Vassal of the Roman Empire) -- MP
 * Vatican City (Vassal of Italy) --
 * Ragusa (Vassal of the Roman Empire) -- MP
 * Rumania -- Stephanus rex (talk)
 * Sardinia -- (Personal Union with France) Sine dei gloriem "Ex Initio Terrae" (talk)
 * Serbia (Vassal of Hungary) -- [[Image:1.png|23px]]Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Split (Vassal of Hungary) -- [[Image:1.png|23px]]Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Zachlumia (Vassal of Hungary) -- [[Image:1.png|23px]]Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Zeta (Vassal of Italy) -- Saturn (Talk) 18:22, May 29, 2014 (UTC)

Eastern Europe

 * Courland -- Yank
 * Great Perm (Vassal of the Tartary) -- Fed (talk)
 * Tatar Empire -- Fed (talk)
 * Lithuania (Vassal of Muscovy) -- Fritzmet (talk) 02:45, April 20, 2014 (UTC)
 * Mazovia (Prussian Vassal) -- Yank
 * Muscovy - Fritzmet (talk) 02:45, April 20, 2014 (UTC)
 * Novgorod --
 * Rostov (Vassal of Novgorod) --  ...  Razor  - the Razor Nabil.png
 * Yaroslavl (Vassal of Novgorod) --  ...  Razor   -  the Razor  Nabil.png
 * Osel-Wiek --
 * Poland -- [[Image:1.png|23px]]Imp (Say Hi?!) 16:38, March 31, 2014 (UTC)
 * Pskov -- -Lx (leave me a message)Azarath Flag.png
 * Prussia -- Yank
 * Tver (Vassal of Novgorod) --  ...  Razor   -  the Razor  Nabil.png

Anatolia and Caucasia

 * Principality of Amier-Kavkasia (Vassal of Georgia) -- "Tom" TankOfMidgets (talk)
 * Ak Koyunlu (Vassal of Ottomans) -- SwankyJ (talk)
 * Kingdom of Armenia (Dynastic Union with Georgia) -- "Tom" TankOfMidgets (talk)
 * Cyprus (Vassal of the Roman Empire) -- MP
 * Dulkadir (Vassal of Ottomans) -- SwankyJ (talk)
 * Sultanate of Erzincan (Vassal of Ottomans) -- SwankyJ (talk)
 * Kingdom of Georgia -- "Tom" TankOfMidgets (talk)
 * Kara Koyunlu (Black Sheeps) (Vassal of Ottomans) -- SwankyJ (talk)
 * Karaman --
 * Mardin (Vassal of Ottomans) -- SwankyJ (talk) 01:03, June 5, 2014 (UTC)
 * Ottoman Sultanate -- SwankyJ (talk)
 * Principality of Rani (Vassal of Georgia) -- "Tom" TankOfMidgets (talk)
 * Ramazan --
 * Burjid Sultanate - This is UglyTurtle, Signing off.

Mesopotamia

 * Mansuriyya Caliphate -- Flag_of_South_Korea.png PitaKang-  My Life for Aiur!   En Taro Tassadar  22:12, April 1, 2014 (UTC)
 * Grand Principality of Assyria (Vassal of Georgia) -- TankOfMidgets (talk)
 * Muzaffarid Dynasty --
 * Aleppo Eyalet --

Arabia

 * Caliphate of Mecca -- Captainjohnrex (talk) 13:51, May 27, 2014 (UTC)
 * Caliphate of Madinah -- User: HeiligReich (talk)
 * Oman - FP(problem?)
 * Yemen -- Spartian300 (talk) 11:10, May 24, 2014 (UTC)
 * Province of Judea (a Province of Alexandria ATM) g greg e   (talk)  16:05, April 12, 2014 (UTC)

Central Asia

 * Safavid Empire -- Scarlet Outlaw
 * Khanate of Bukhara --
 * Khanate of Khiva -- Scarlet Outlaw
 * Shahdom of Verkana -- Willster22 (User talk:Willster22)

South Asia

 * Andhra --
 * Bastar --
 * Bahmani -- GlobalConqueror (talk) 14:36, May 23, 2014 (UTC)
 * Bengal Sultanate -- &#34;SO SAYETH THE EAGLE&#34; - Fascist Eagle ಠ_ಠ (talk)
 * Emirate of Andamana -- &#34;SO SAYETH THE EAGLE&#34; - Fascist Eagle ಠ_ಠ (talk)
 * Rajya of Orissa -- &#34;SO SAYETH THE EAGLE&#34; - Fascist Eagle ಠ_ಠ (talk)
 * Swargadeo of Kamarumpa -- &#34;SO SAYETH THE EAGLE&#34; - Fascist Eagle ಠ_ಠ (talk)
 * Chutiya (Vassal of Tibet) --
 * Dhundhar (Disorganized) --
 * Gondwana --
 * Gujarat --
 * Gwalior --
 * Jaffna --
 * Jaisalmer -
 * Kathiawar --
 * Khandesh --
 * Kozhikode --
 * Malwa --
 * Marwar (personal union with the Mughal Empire)  --
 * Mewar (Disorganized) --
 * Raigam (Disorganized) --
 * Mughal Empire (personal union with Marwar) --

East Asia

 * The Great Liao Empire --
 * Western Chagatai Khanate (Vassal of the Tartary) -- Fed (talk)
 * Haixi Jurchens (Vassal of China) -- Guns
 * Hualian --
 * Japan (civil war between the Daimyos, highly decentralized) **
 * Akamatsu --
 * Amago --
 * Fusahito Theocracy -- Ozymandias2 (talk) 13:22, April 14, 2014 (UTC)
 * Hatekeyama --
 * Imagawa --
 * Kamakura --
 * Kikuchi --
 * Mogami --
 * Oda --
 * Otomo --
 * Ouchi --
 * Satake --
 * Shimazu --
 * Shoni --
 * Takeda --
 * Uesugi -- Emperor_Eric_XV_of_Sweden_-_Sugar_Rush_Art.png von Schweetz, You Young and Sweet Boy! Flag of Sweden.svg
 * Manchu Empire --
 * Korea (Vassal of China) --  Seiga
 * Ming China -- Guns
 * Mongol Khanate (Vassal of China) -- Guns
 * Mangut Nivkhgu --
 * Ryukyu --
 * Tainan (Vassal of China) -- Guns
 * Tibet --

South-East Asia

 * Ayutthaya --
 * Dai Viet -- Harvenard2 (talk)
 * Khmer Empire (Vassal of China) -- Guns
 * Lan Xang (Vassal of China) -- Guns
 * Lanna --
 * Pegu (Vassal of China) -- Guns
 * Shan States --
 * Sukhothai (Vassal of Ayutthaya) --
 * Taungoo --

Asian Islands

 * Aceh (Vassal of Ayutthaya) --
 * Aru (Vassal of Ayutthaya) --
 * Bima --
 * Bone --
 * Brunei -- Linq (talk)
 * Kutai --
 * Majapahit (Vassal of Ayutthaya) --
 * Makassar --
 * Minahasa --
 * Negara Dipa --
 * Pagaruyung --
 * Selebar --
 * Siak (Vassal of Ayutthaya) --
 * Sukadang --
 * Sunda --
 * Tidore --
 * Tondo --
 * Tulang Bawang --
 * Timor (Vassal of Marrukuwuyanga) -- RexImperio (talk)

North Africa

 * Hungarian Banu Sulaym (Hungarian Vassal) -- [[Image:1.png|23px]]Imp (Say Hi?!)
 * Gasfa --
 * Sultanate of Tunisia --
 * Kingdom of Morocco -- (Vassal of Castile And Member of the Spanish Confederation)
 * Zab --
 * Zayyanid --
 * Alexandria - g greg e   (talk)
 * Alexandrian Banu Sulayam --  g greg e   (talk)
 * Aiguptia (Dynastic Union with Alexandria) --  g greg e  (talk)

West Africa

 * Borgu --
 * Ghana -- Matt121 ??? Matt125 (talk)
 * Ife --
 * Igala --
 * Jenne --
 * Kanem Empire --
 * Kwararafa --
 * Mema --
 * Mossi --
 * Nupe --
 * Oyo Empire -- Flag of the Hurian Federation.pngorius: "I don't need a slogan"
 * Salum --
 * Siine --
 * Songhay --
 * Takur --
 * Tuareg --
 * Wolof --
 * Zafunu --
 * Kingdom of the Kongo --

South Africa

 * Great Zimbabwe -- VonGlusenburg (talk to Von!)
 * |on -- Saamwiil, the Humble

East Africa

 * al-Sumal  --
 * Ethiopia (Personal Union with Alexandria) -- g greg e   (talk)
 * Iritriya --
 * Interlacustrine States (fragmented) --
 * Madagasikara League -- Reximus55
 * Empire of Madagasikara  -- Reximus55
 * Dina Morgabin (Colony) -- Reximus55
 * Dina Arobi (Colony) -- Reximus55
 * Mozambika (Vassal) -- Reximus55
 * Pembara (Colony) -- Reximus55
 * Sofala --
 * Swahili City-States **
 * al-Swahili --
 * Dar es Salaam --
 * Kilwa --
 * Malindi (al-Swahili Vassal) --
 * Maputo --
 * Mozambique --
 * Mtwara --

TBN (Australasia)

 * Marrikuwuyanga -- User:RexImperio

TBN (Pacific)

 * Otago Maori --
 * Tonga --
 * Tahiti --
 * Samoa --
 * Hawaii --

TBN (North America)

 * Banche Esterno (Survivior of the Italian Downfall, independent) -- Saturn (Talk)
 * Cahokian Civilization -- Kiwi884 (talk)
 * Colordao Civilization --
 * Eastern Moundville Civilization (Vassal of the Cahokia) -- Kiwi884 (talk)
 * Etowah Civilization (Vassal of the Cahokia) -- Kiwi884 (talk)
 * Iroquois (disorganized) --
 * Lenni Leppei (disorganized) --
 * Parkin Civilization (Vassal of the Cahokia) -- Kiwi884 (talk)
 * Western Moundville Civilization (Vassal of the Cahokia) -- Kiwi884 (talk)
 * Natigoseg L'nu -- Krasnoyarsk (talk)

TBN (Central America)

 * Atlocuapo (under Aztec dominionship) -- Feud
 * Aztec Empire -- Feud
 * Guaymi -- Dr Cow Andrew (talk)
 * Yucatan -- Feudalplague
 * Ngobe-Bugle (Vassal and personal union with Guaymi) -- Dr Cow Andrew<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:monospace,Courier;line-height:22.399999618530273px;"> ( talk<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:monospace,Courier;line-height:22.399999618530273px;">)
 * Zapotecs -- CourageousLife (talk)

TBN (South America)

 * Aymaras (Fragmented) --
 * Chiribaya -- User:Jd2842
 * Tawatinsuyu (Inca Empire) -- What is this????Is this a signature??? (talk)
 * Vorlayacor -- IhaveSonar (talk)
 * Mapuche --

Wall of Shame
This list is for users currently prohibited from participating in the game.
 * User: Arceus The God of Pokemon :- permanent ban for sockpuppetting on the first game.
 * User: Eldwolf : permanent ban for deleting the entire page of the first game and replacing it with profanities.
 * User: Twisty123456789 : permanent ban for sockpuppeting on the second game.
 * User: Ratc3333 : permanent ban for sockpuppeting.
 * User: Vivaporius : week-long ban for repeated offence of implausibility and disregarding mod consensus.

1520
'''Sigismund Szczuka, a member of the polish szlachta, unites several Polish nobles and burghers behind their banner. His goal is to keep Poland independent from any and all foreign powers. Soon, the northern half of the nation falls to Polish soldiers. The newly declared nation begins defending its position against a possible Hungarian invasion. (Scores undoubled: Military: 10, Economy: 7, Infrastructure: 5.)  '''
 * Portugal: Continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Lenhame. By this time, the colony in Lenhame starts to export wheat to Portugal. Meanwhile, trade intensifies in the African coast. The Açores continue to be settled. Meanwhile, the naus continue to be used. Naval explorations directed to the west continue. Meanwhile, Santa Cruz expands north by 2000 sq km. Meanwhile, a village is founded in the extreme north of the colony, next to a bay called Bahia de Todos os Santos, named like that due to having been discovered in the 1st of November, in Vasco da Gama's 1498 expedition to discover new lands south of Santa Cruz.the village is called "São Salvador da Bahia de Todos os Santos." Meanwhile, sugarcane, which is already cultivated in the Açores, is introduced in Santa Cruz. Meanwhile, pau-brasil (brazilwood) starts to be extracted in the colony. Meanwhile, sugarcane, that was already present in the Açores, begins to be planted in Santa Cruz. Meanwhile, the colony of São Sebastião expands 2000 sq km. Meanwhile, Teresa de Leiva gives birth to a boy, who is named Garcia.
 * |onte continues to have a large surplus of grain. Though adopting "western farming", the idea of "the tribe" is still very much so alive, as people always share the crops they have grown, or the animals they have hunted amongst the community. Due to the policy of planting tree groves, desert reclamation has started taking effect in some parts of |onte. Throughout the year, Mon's children go elephant hunting, though it is very dangerous, as they are hunting them with arquebuses, and the whole process requires much co-ordination. However, the results are said to be spectacular, as the tribe gains new wealth in the collected ivory, and the elephant meat is considered a rarity. The season resulted in twenty elephants being killed, an increase due to the recently build elephant pen. |onte is rich with money made from elephant hunting, as they have nothing to spend the money on. Mon II begins teaching children in the vicinity of the Kunene how to read, causing great interest amongst children of these strange characters, that give them a new form to play. Most of the recent generation can read. However, only a few can write. Mon II continues the project that will be his life's work: the Kunene library.  |onte's population rises to over 15,000. There is a population centre that is beginning to appear around the mouth of the Kunene, and is simply referred to as Kunene. With the new Eheresito hu Kunene, Mon III accompanies his father Debarubo in  expanding 500 sq km northward (10 pixels) along the coast. Trying to accomadate the new population, many of the women, who are kept alive, are migrated to the Kunene, greatly increasing the city's population, but also bringing in a high ratio of females to males. Many of the females, in break with tradition, are sold to Nikobara, in exchange for coconuts.
 * Prussia: The Prussians begin to develop their military. The Prussians continue to build their new navy. Prussia continues to Germanize their ethnic minorities.
 * Courland: The Curonians also continue developing their military.
 * Estland: Ossel-Wiek also continues developing their military. Duke Franz continues to reshape the face of Arensburg.
 * Castile:  The Castilian populace reaches about 10.1 million and growing. The Kingdom itself begins to expand its armed forces to nearly 80,000 and sends more military ships to Monaco to protect it from any aggression. The Castilian forces begin training exercizes. The Navy also begins to make serious advances in technology and armed attack formations along with its pushes out into the wide seas. The Colony of Buenos Aires reaches a population of about 85,000 and growing with the more families and women showing up. Castilian exploration ships begin exploring south to check out farther down the coast and look for the southern edge of the continent. Charles of Castile who had gone to the New World becomes governor of the Buenos Aires Colony. The Castilians declare war on the Aztecs and bring along their multiple allies helping them if needed. and directly recruits another 10,000 natives from Zapotec, Maya and tribal opportunists in order to march against the Aztecs. The Arrival of a Spanish fleet devastates the Aztec fleet and fights in Zapotecs northern areas marching is large army to fight the Aztecs directly bringing horses and other weapons the Aztecs will not have encountered before. 10,000 troops are sent to Venezia. The Spanish forces, now victorious over the Aztecs, see their investment in the troop amounts pay off nearly quadruple as the Aztecs pay a massive amount of silver which is shipped back along with 4000 of the Spanish troops with the other 1500 (some being Aragonian) refusing to leave and wishing to start a life in the newly acquired territory in the Aztec nation.  Some of the spoils of war are provided to Morocco and the total spoils are split between Castile and Aragon as they begin to see themselves as one kingdom and their funding is to be open and shared. Queen Alexis has another son named Carlos in honor of the great military leader Carlos uncle to Ferdinand of Castile all those years ago who as a strong and lively infant is deemed to be fitting for his namesake. He is scheduled to undergo the royal education system as well in order to prevent the death of one of his brothers from hindering the thrones of either nation. Seeing Italy grow weaker, Queen Alexis breaks off their useless alliance with Italy and claims the throne (to which Trastamara has a strong legitimate claim) with and an upswing of support from Castilian nobility and generals shows that they doubted her ability to rule effectively. However, with her demanding the Accords of Seville be signed by Austria and the claim to the throne of Italy and her territories, all doubt has been erased and public demonstrations showing support for the Queen's announcement of this claim has led to nearly all her doubters disappearing over night.  However, with no war declared by the Castilian side, the Spanish in Castile and Aragon are outraged at this declaration of war and make their own declaration of war and ask for its ally France to aid in this war and promises them Provence and Anjou and will also enter into negotiations into allowed France the northern portions of Peru, We also ask Milan due to our friendly relationship, to get involved and promise them some of the smaller Italian states in exchange for their assistance. We also offer Italian Albania to Rome and her Albanian vassal in an attempt to hit Italy from every side possible. The Spanish armies bring nearly 35,000 troops and siege cannons based on ships and brought onto land for the war.


 * Kingdom of Aragon:  With Castilian assistance various infrastructural areas are rebuilt and the military is expanded to a token force of 10,000. Along with this support the Aragonian economy recovers slowly with a slow but controlled influx of Castilian economic aid helping Aragon recover. The ruling magistrate over Aragon signs a landmark trade deal with Castile which allows for Aragon's usage of Castile's large amounts of trade posts down the coast of Africa. The Aragonians now in control of the Spanish South African trading company fund the creation of the expansion of the Trade outpost into a formal colony to be settled much like Morocco and Granada were by Castile. The Colony of Cape Ferdinand expands 10 px up the coast and expands the captaincy down the coast now covering the mouth of the Orange River on the coast (5 px). It's mostly populated by Castilians who are the main people moving to the colonies. Aragons population finally becomes majority Spanish speaking after nearly two new generations have been raised speaking it. The Aragonians along with their Castilian allies declare war on the Italians providing 10,000 troops.
 * Kingdom of Morocco: The country begins the construction of various canals and cultivates trees farther inland to help increase arable farmland. The Moroccan economy continues to expand with greater trade coming from Castile and the Canaries all the way down to Capo Verde increasing the relative wealth. The Kingdom, with many canals having been completed, has vastly expanded its farmland among other things. Morocco's total population reaches one million with Christianity becoming dominant in the area. Calne-Vicuna is finished and is opened as a center for Christianity in North Africa with a library said to rival old Alexandria's. The Moroccan Assassins Guild forms and spreads keeping the peace and killing the corrupt as well as making Morocco much more peaceful for Castilian Rule. The Kingdom of Morocco officially enters into a personal union with Castile following the magistrates and princes deeming it unnecessary for the King to not have full control in the country. The Magistrates, however, are fully re-instated to continue as they were just under direction of the monarch of Castile. The Kingdom of Morocco eager to gain and even higher standing with the Spanish declare war on Italy and send 10,000 of its most experienced troops.
 * Kongo: The Kingdom begins to work toward a trade and production economy focusing on helping provide resources for Castile's burgeoning West African trade network. The King of the Kongo converting to Christianity and being baptised begins to call for the expansion of ports to the best of the Kongolese architects' abilities. The Kingdom of the Kongo in an attempt to increase economic output and trade begins to export a large amount of raw materials to Castile and begins to push toward heavy exploitation methods if possible. Kongo due to its backwardness in technology and administration puts itself in a protectorate/vassal situation in order to advance itself. The Kngolese population reaches about 850,000 and beginning to grow much more rapidly. The Kongolese are angered by Oyo intrusions on areas seen as Kongolese lands.
 * Mapuche: With the defeat by the Spanish a royal governor is appointed by the Castilians.  These people are immediately transferred onto available ships and throughout the year are sent up the coast via Spanish ships to a location unknown to the Mapuche. The Mapuche also continue to see major issues from European contact are given orders to isolate themselves if they are sick to prevent further expansion of the disease.  The Mapuche people begin to see the first mixed children between Spanish and Mapuche people. The Spanish institute the Ecomienda system. However, the Spanish governor, in order to keep control of the people, orders the Spanish heads of the system to treat the natives fairly in order to prevent mass deaths from overworking and resentment. Spanish farming techniques have definitely prevented starvation as the Mapuche continue to expand toward the coast building a road to connect it all. The Spanish governor, also using the local Mapuche as scouts, is able to expand much more than the Buenos Aires colony and uses this to his advantage to secure more land to be able to turn over to Spanish settlers. The Royal Governor ramps up expansion for some of the new plantation owners setting up expanding the the territory by 2500 sq km. The Mapuche Area begins to see a notable increase in Castilian settlers, mostly farmers who begin to build special areas to employ the Inca farming methods.
 * Morelia: The former Mayan kingdom is Renamed Morelia by the royal governor to reflect its new Spanish culture as thousands of settlers have settled in the major cities beginning to displace the remaining Mayans which have decreased almost 75% from their original population of two million leaving barely 500,000 Mayans left. An insightful priest says that destroying the cities will result in long term resentment that could never be repaired and instead they should be made Spanish-Maya hybrid. The new Royal Governor seeing wisdom in this declares that the cities will not be ransacked and a moderate tribute of gold and silver is demanded by the Spanish. The 2000 troops remain in the Country and begin to establish areas along the coast suitable for Spanish settlement. The military and economy of the Maya under Spain is developed and roads are upgraded to Spanish standards. The Spanish sponsor some colonists who wish to remove themselves from the remainder of the Indians and establish themselves on an island (OTL Havana) and name the island Cuba. (1000 sq km).
 * Kingdom of Venezia: With the establishment of the Kingdom of Venezia following the previous war and with the loss of a large portion of the fleet the Venezian people seem to believe that much can be rebuilt through utilization of the dynamically rising Spanish empire for its own benefit. The businessmen and high level economists, bankers and multiple other fully knowledgeable individuals of Venezia remaining after the war go on a trip to Spain's vibrant trade cities and after careful negotiations many of these men take over one of Spain's newest rising trade companies, the Buenos Aires trade company, with some offices based out of the Buenos Aires colony in Hesperia. The Venezians, unable to select a king from their remaining nobles, delegate to the Queen of Spain (Castile and Aragon) who chooses a man named Antonio Lo Grato to rule as Prince of Venice in place of the Queen of Spain. A well acclaimed and respected man, he immediately enacts reforms. The Venezian economy with access to the Spanish economy begins to recover and for the first time in years due to this. The Venezians begins its long road to naval recovery and begins to use its vast knowledge to begin building ships not only for itself but acquires the blueprints to improve on Spanish ships to allow for sale back to the Queen. The Venezian military is also raised to a token force of about 10,000 due to its location but remains lightly armed and unable to project power or fight any unsupported offensives. The Prince of Venezia, Antonio, begins the drift toward Spanish culture in an attempt to assimilate to a much more favorable nation than Austria, or the Kingdom of Italy.
 * Viceroyalty of New Spain: The Viceroyalty of new Spain is established with a massive amount of coastal territory secured begins to expand its major settlements seriously with Buenos Aires maintaining the most with nearly 20,000 people and growing. The Viceroy implements the first cattle ranches (they are not modern ranches) in order to expand the food supply of the large colony. The Spanish inhabitants of the colonies form their first militia under command of a Spanish officer which is trained only to fight off native attacks. The Colony specifically expands the areas around its main settlements by 10 px and extends its borders south by 10 px intending to reach the Straits of Torez (OTL Straits of Magellan). The viceroyalty seems extremely happy with the colonial status and support its received from Castile as well as the massive re-investment for the betterment of the colony giving a huge boost to the construction of a few forts and a road system. The first ships begin to arrive from Spain African colonies bringing goods and a few slaves. Many people seemed apalled by the idea of slavery but other more opportunists buy a few hundred and start up the first few plantations based around cocoa and tobacco.
 * County of Oldenburg: Hearing of Hamburg's expedition last year, Countess Adelheid recognises Hamburg's claims, partly as repayment for Hamburg's recognising of Oldenburg's claims in the North. Another hushed-up one-ship expedition is sent by the OHG to the Adelheid Sea (Hudson Bay) to look at the possibility of setting up fur trapping business there. OHG sealing and whaling, as well as independent fishing, off the Northern Atlantic territories continues to be aboon for the economy. In other news, Prince Dietrich turns eighteen and begins the search for a wife. He is quite attracted to the young Albionic princess-diplomat Jacqueline who arrived last year and who has become quite a fixture at court.
 * Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: Naught much happens in Osnabruck. The Episcopal Bank makes solid profits thanks to its investment in the new inns around Saint Andrew's.
 * Fusahito Theocracy: The building of military outposts in the Manchurian colony is completed, fully tying together the newly acquired land under Fusahito control. At the same time, the port of Tairikuku is fortified with walls and ramparts, a symbol of Fusahito strength in Eastern Asia. Mil turn. The brutal measures used to crush the rebelling Jurchens shows remarkable effectiveness, with their spirit completely broken and an end to all resistance to Japanese rule. In the meantime, the Emperor continues to provide financial and economic support to the Hosokawa Clan and the Japanese islands to the North which have thrown off the yoke of Chinese dominance. These measures continue to draw these Japanese patriots closer to the Theocracy. (Year Thirteen of Sixteen).
 * Marrikuwuyanga Empire: By now, mud bricks were utilized to build homes. The wheat surplus had steadily increased which had allowed the Marrikuwuyanga to increase their population. The Marrikuwuyanga continued their trade with the Dutch East Indian Company after the Supreme Council of Twelve had allowed the Dutch to create a trade outpost [1 px] at West Timor. The Marrikuwuyangan economy was steadily growing after the shock it had faced when the Ayutthaya faced rebellion. The Marrikuwuyangan economy was the strongest in the region and hundreds of men from other tribal states would migrate to Marrikuwuyanga annually to live in better conditions. The Marrikuwuyanga deported the 1000 Ayutthaya soldiers back to their homelands after the Emperor faced pressure from the Supreme Council of Twelve. The Marrikuwuyanga now produced muskets in large number, although training in using spears was still provided. Marrikuwuyanga expand 50 px along the eastern coast. The Emperor faced with the threat of Buddhism undermining his position, started mass conversions of Buddhists to Yadaism [Yadaism is a combination of Buddhism and the worship of Emperor Yada Gulpilil], and the Supreme Council openly declared that Ayutthaya and Buddhists were demons, not celestial beings the Marrikuwuyanga had previously considered them to be and the Buddhists were now persecuted.
 * Timor: The extensive work on developing Timor's navy and military had proved beneficial after the Dutch had started providing the Marrikuwuyanga with their warships for the Marrikuwuyanga to examine and build. The Marrikuwuyangan Emperor, Yada Gulpilil was worshipped by many natives and his power continued to increase over the tribes of Timor. Development of Timor's infrastructure had started with the aid of Dutch, and the construction of a major port for the Dutch to utilize too had started
 * Natigosteg L'nu: The quarantine of Natigosteg continues. Yaldan and the royal family move to Labrador, while the construction of the palace and library stops. Meanwhile, though, ocean-crossing ships are expected to be completed next year, to great excitement. Merchants are already eagerly replicating the designs in preparation to construct their own ships. Ungava and Aksimiki expand 1000 km each. The resettlement of the Ungava Cree in Aksimiki will be completed next year, when it is to be placed under the administration of Chakhun.
 * Safavid Empire: We build up our military and navy. Port cities are being rebuilt. More ships are being made for our navy. Our own version of guns are being made. Farming is becoming one of the most important industries, besides blacksmithy, trading and fishing. Guns are now mass produced in our country. We continue to make more woodblock printing presses for our libraries. Prototype cannons at three feet long are continuing to be made. A trade route from our home country to Oirat is mapped out. People are now trading with each other on this trade route. Foreign exchange banks are becoming popular in our country due to the ETA (Eurasian Trade Agreement). Trade has increased due to the ETA. A new art form is continuing to be drawn. It is a mix of Safavid, Oirat and Mughal art. Our art is continuing to be popular with all of the nation around us. Trade goes well with the Dutch merchants. All slaves that come from the Oyo nation are continuing to be converted to Shi'ite Islam. We continue to trade with the Roman Empire. Trade routes to Caliphate of Mecca are continuing to be drawn on maps. We declare war on the Shahdom of Verkana. The leader wants to unify all of Persia. Our military brings siege weapons to destroy the walls of their castle.
 * Khanate of Khiva: We improve our relations with the Safavid empire. We build up our military and navy. Trade routes are continuing to be map into the Safavid empire. We send troops to help out in the Safavid's war against Shahdom of Verkana.
 * Netherlands: William's reign goes into it's fourth year without any major issues. He and Charlotte have their second child another son. Karl van Nassau continues to live in Batavia, and begins making diplomatic trips to the different states of the Orient to promote multual relations, between the Netherlands and the states of the Orient. Dutch traders finally reach the legendary Chinese Empire (the Portuguese made it there in 1513 OTL). The Dutch traders request an audience with the Chinese Emperor to discuss possibilities of trade and opening relations. Karl begins to explore the different beliefs of the orient particularly Islam. He becomes infamous for taking on multiple lovers from both Dutch families and local girls. However, his administrative skills are undeniable, he is named the governer of Batavia. Karl also makes an inquiry if he may spend time in the royal court of Bengal. The Kingdom continues to prosper as trade and banking provide a massive influx of capital. The stocks of the East India Company continue to develop more and more as trade with the orient evolves and solidifies. Military and naval expansion continue. Dutch shipwrights start exploring new ship designs that will allow for greater mobility and firepower. More of the Roman firearms are produced by Wallon gunsmithies. Some revisions are made to the current tactics used by the Royal Army mainly due to the opportunities provided by this new firearm which proves to be superior in firing capacity and cheaper to produce. The arts and sciences continue to flourish and develop as the courts and universities of the Netherlands fund them due to the large amounts capital avaliable to the nation. The bourgoeisie and aristocracy continue to grow as does their wealth. The luxurious life style of the Netherlands continues to evolve. Great mansions, town houses and public works are built, such as the Theatre of Brussels and the Arts building of the University of Amsterdam. The major cities continue to grow and the architectural style of the buildings continue to change. Influence over Sunda and the rest of the East Indies continue to grow as Batavia grows in importance within the region following the collapse of the Thai Empire. The first Dutch building is finished in Batavia becoming the headquarters of the East India Company in the Orient. Exploration and trading in the New World continue a settlement near the Amazon River is built. However, it is ultimately abandoned by the end of the Year due to inadequate supplies and the climate. Wallon culture and the French language continue to influence the development of the national identity as French remains just as important as Dutch within political and academic circles.
 * The Kingdoms of Great Albion (Scotland and England) - member nation of the UKGA: Many ships are modernized and replaced to keep the Royal Albion Navy a powerful force on the high seas. Port Edmundburg continues to experience a growth in population. Albionic settlers continue to explore the surrounding areas. The dialect of English originally found in Scotland and the Eire grows so large that it covers most of the North of England. This new dialect is called Bythigish (portmanteau of Brython and English). English nobles begin to enjoy the Celtic myths of Eire and Scotland. The Templar Order continues to undercut the King's enemies and seeks ways to privately grow the power of the King and Albion as a whole. The Order buys up many smaller businesses and collectivizes some farms. The Order begins to expand into other areas of Europe, seeking to grow understanding as well as pushing Albionic ideals. Albion continues to explore farther west and south. A clockmaker from Cambridge becomes popular for his accurate timepieces and the exquisite wood housing. He creates a chime for the St Mary's Cathedral, the chimes are called the Cambridge Chimes (OTL Westminster Quarters AKA Big Ben's chime). The Chimes become so popular, other clockmakers incorporate the chimes into their clocks. The Crown Dominion of Hamburg does well this year, as an influx of trade begins to repair the wounds of several wars. The English Renaissance is born when several painters in London show off some impressive works. Trade with the Mughal Empire begins to boom. The "Sweating Sickness" is observed by medical doctors and is watched closely, though no real fear of the disease is present. Princess Jacqueline travels to Oldenburg on diplomatic mission to improve relations. After having arrived, she hears of the prince and his interest in her, thinking it would be a prudent affair, the King of Albion offers Jacqueline's hand in marriage to Prince Deitrich.
 * Calais: Military and navy are expanded.
 * Dublin: Dublin undergoes another remodel and expansion to the ports due to the massive influx of trade from Castile and Venice as well as an increased Eire trade.
 * Scotland: Expands navy and military. Pan Albion sentiments grow, Trade increases. Whiskey is traded down to central Albion.
 * Wales: Wales expands its military and navy. Cardiff becomes a large centre of trade for Wales. The Welsh appoint Adam Cyrdger as Royal Minister. The first sessions of parliament are held. Wales does not see as large a population boom as Albion or Scotland, but a minor one, centered around Cardiff and Swansea, does occur.
 * Port Edmundburg expands by 1000 sq km east. The African colonists begin looking toward mining and other ventures to generate profit.
 * New Cambridgeshire: New Cambridgeshire expands by 1000 sq km west. Colonists begin to explore around the region and begin to have a large fishing boom. The Port of New Rotham is expanded to handle excess ships from Albion and other European nations and is renamed by popular vote as New Oxford. The people of New Oxford also begin an attempt to gain knowledge of farming in Borealia from Native Peoples.
 * Natigosteg L'nu dip: We request to purchase a printing press, medicines and potatoes.
 * Oldenburger Diplomacy: Countess Adelheid agrees wholeheartedly to the marriage, which will be held next year to allow time for adequate preparations.
 * Vorlayacor:  The sweating diseases flares up again, effectively halting any progress in the fledgling aquatic industry.  However, we do manage to send a ship to Buenos Aires, eliciting a sense of national pride in regard to the first real Vorlayacoran voyage.  Our northeastern borders expand to the limits of the Portugese colony.
 * Tawatinsuyu: Economy improves with trade from Spain. Peru continues to grow, as the city boasts about 8000 inhabitants, with developments allowing for larger populations. Cuzco continues to be targeted by Anti-Spain riots. Healthy population hits about 840,000, while the immune population conitinues to rise. The merging of western medical practices and the studies done by the Inca have allowed for greater advancments in the medical field, allowing the Inca to increase surviablity rate of the plague slightly. The adoption of Western technology, particularly swords and guns, continues, allowing for greater use of the army.
 * Yo bro, I already accepted ye offer in 1519, yo Vorlayacor and Tawatinsuyu are bros now, yo
 * Sine Copy posted for me in case I didn't get back in time. ~Edge
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 1000 sq km each settlement. The colonies continue growing as expected. The navy begins a huge update in order to establish a stronger control over over seas territories such as the colonies and to have further control over Africa. while this the king seeks for the French influence to grow in unexpected territories.the colony of Nouvelle Rouen is founded in the OTL Texas City.
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy are built up.
 * Sardinia: Military and economy are built up.
 * Basel: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aargau: Military and economy are built up. The French presence begins to be felt. However, the attempts to establish a pro-Germanic government in order to avoid eventual uprisings, internal vassalization begins as well to fully convince German leadership.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up.
 * Trier: Military and economy are built up.
 * Julich: Military and economy are built up.
 * Zweibrucken: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aurienne: Military and economy are built up. The nation expands both west and east toward the colonies of the French.
 * Guaxirenne: the country expands southward and military and economy are built up
 * In Italy, peasants, still exited from the new colony, are continuing to ask the king they could voyage out to the New World to seek another future there. The king continues to let people to get out of the crowded country and to go colonize the New World. The colony expands by 6 px to the north, 9 px to the south and 2 px to the west. Philosophers guess that almost 3000 men are leaving to get out of Europe and trying to get to the New World. The peasants are getting to work, and the Duke plans to visit soon. The King is happy with the settlers and their new lives as more peasants are continuing to ask to go to our new colony. The grand duke, visting the colony if Banche Esterno, is stuck in the colony after word has heard that the claim of Castlie's throne to Italy. The Duke, after a long meeting with the Governor of Banche Esterno, decides to stay in the colony until the chaos is over. People, young and old, are going into exile in Hungary as others take off for Banche Esterno. However, of the 10,000 who take off for the the colony, only 1200 make it to there alive and not killed by the Castilian soldiers.
 * Italian Messagers: We ask France, Portugal, and England for an alliance.
 * Grand Duchy of Hamburg-Mecklenburg: the economy surpasses the 1498 figures, and the economic downturn is declared over. Regular trips to the African colonies continue to increase, and they prove valuable launching points for expeditions west and south. The HTSC voyage returns home with souvenirs from the new world, mostly plants. Upon hearing of "Neue Hamburg" it is decided within the company to concentrate efforts to establish a presence, though it is clear it will take years to do so. Countess Adelheid is thanked by her son, Grand Duke Friedrich II, for recognizing Hamburgs claim. Friedrich II also congratulates his brother, Deitrich, for his engagement. The prospect of Hamburg blood on the throne of Albion curbs some of the resurgent anti-Albion sentiment held in some of the population.
 * Magdeburg: Military and economy expanded.
 * Bremen: Military and economy expanded.
 * Bruchhausen: Military and economy expanded.
 * Williamsburg: Expands 4 px along the coast.
 * Neue Lüneburg: Military increases.
 * Rumania: Stephen, now 44, decides to re-equip the two Rumanian legions, each 10,000 strong, with Leverlock muskets (The entire force does not use muskets, only a small portion). Soldiers who once carried matchlocks are re-armed and begin training with the more reliable and less easily damaged Leverlocks. The troops receive the new weapons well and the officers report a marked improvement in rate of fire and volley fire. Leverlock muskets continue to grow as a major export. The gunsmiths of Rumania begin to gain a reputation for good-quality, reliable weapons. This fame pushes the smiths to experiment and create better variations on leverlock muskets. Constantius, now 20 and his brother Radu, now 19, begin to help their father rule the nation. Constantius presiding over Wallachia and Moldavia, while Radu is sent to Bulgaria to begin the process of incorporating the nation into Rumania.
 * The Consulate of Bulgaria: Ties with Rumania are strengthened; hundreds of Romanians move into the country, seeking cheap and productive land, and inter-marriage becomes very common. Bulgarians also begin to migrating to trade towns in Romania to seek more economic opportunities. Bulgarian populations in Rumania now represent a large minority, and the same can be said about Romanians in Bulgaria. The Bulgarian Legion, the defence force of 1000 men, is re-equipped with Leverlocks just as the Rumanian Legions.
 * Scandinavian Empire: The colony of Vinland on Manhattan Island expands by 500 sq km. In the meantime, the military is expanded, especially the Seventh Fleet.
 * Finland: The military is expanded. We expand northward by 3500 sq km.
 * Iceland: The military is expanded
 * Schleswig: The military is expanded.
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Bavaria expands its economy. The population continues to rise. Grand Duke Franz-Albert and his council continues to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with twenty-five very large cogs being finished. We begin using an established trade route, with important stops in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany, due to a longstanding trade deal. Continuing in 1520, Franz-Albert commissions six cogs to sail around western Mediterranean coasts. The market center in Landshut continues to attract Bavarian and Venetian traders. In religious news, around 76% of the country adheres to the Western Church. Most adherents live around Munchen and Landshut. In other news, Bavaria continues implementing the Alliance and Merchant Act as well as the Militia and Navy Act. The Bavarian Court continues hosting a largely Venetian composition. However, many Bavarian families have intermingled with the Venetians, creating a distinct social class and gentry. In national news, the common courts continue to be implemented around Bavaria as several of the lower class make use it of. The serf laws begin to be used as well. Skeptics who theorized that the serf laws would mark no profound change in society begin to be proven wrong. In 1520, as many as three hundred serfs sue for their freedom. Franz-Albert begins to ponder a law that would fully abolish serfdom, seeing how it has more or less deteriorated in Bavaria. The wild unpopularity of these laws begin to wear off as well. Franz-Albert further incorporates the Collegiate Writs, allowing many more lower class men to enter college. In legal news, Franz-Albert continues implementing the Bavarian Commands. The war with Hesse has been ended, with Bavaria annexing a small section of Bremen to use as a port. Franz-Albert propositions the Hamburger Grand Duke for a land exchange. See here: Bremen Purchase. In other news, Prince Heinrich and Princess Wilhemina have their second child, a son whom they name Magnus.
 * Munchen: By 1520, the total class of Queen Isabell University amounts to about 4500 men. Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. The Collegiate Writs begin to draw more men to college.
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Wurzburg: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. A religious change begins occurring in Wurzburg upon the ascension of Franz-Albert, where many more Western Christians begin inhabiting the bishopric. The clergy begins being alarmed and they fear displacement. An envoy dispatched by Franz-Albert attempts to quell their fears.
 * Thuringia: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert and Count Regent Vittorio continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Countess Elisabeth normalizes taxes in an effort to subset any rebellion.
 * Saxony: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert and Count Regent Vittorio continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Countess Elisabeth normalizes taxes in an effort to subset any rebellion.
 * Bremen Port: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Several plans for ship-building begin.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire continues to expand its trade, and Roman trade ships travel across the world to gather wealth for the rest of Europe and the Empire. The production of leverlocks continues, and wheelocks continue to be seen as a feature of the upper class of nobility. More galleasses are constructed in the shipyards of Constantinople, and the shipyards of Athens and Thessalonica continue to be constructed. The agreements regarding Cyprus are agreed with Spain and enter into force.
 * ​Albania: The nation decides to purchase a few leverlocks from the Romans and begin building a few itself after a few months of inspection and Roman designs.
 * Ragusa: The republic begins to construct a better shipyard as well as beginning to construct its own carros rather than rely on Venetian surplus or Roman models. Trade continues to pour wealth into the republic thanks to trade with India and the far east along with exports of native goods like silver, wax and timber.
 * Cyprus: The kingdom enters into the Roman sphere of control for the first time in centuries. As such, the native Greek people celebrate while the nobles are slightly less receptive. As a goodwill gesture, the city of Famagusta is turned over to the kingdom as long as it remains loyal. The Cypriot army, numbering 10,000, is considered a threat by the Roman authorities until it is proven loyal. As such, 10,000 Roman troops are sent to help maintain order.
 * Lombardy: Work continues on the Certosa di Pavia, the Castle Visconteo, and on the extensive Milan Cathedral. We continue training a proper standing army, utilizing Swiss mercenaries and local recruits. With border disputes now settled between the nations of Austria and Switzerland, we continue opening friendly relations with both nations in hopes of repairing our diplomatic relations and protecting our northern border. We continue constructing cogs and galleys to strengthen our navy and protect our interests on the seas. Our turn is dedicated to economy in both our nation and our vassals. Wallis is declared a vassal of our nation, and we continue influencing them.
 * Novgorod: We continue the production of ships, cannons, muskets, advanced crossbows, swords, and composite bows, increasing our military capabilities in case of war. The nation’s training and advancement of military continues. The recent classes of Koch ships are being manufactured in Novgorod. The town of St Patriksburg’s population grows a bit more that last year. As the construction of the town improves, the Kremlin finishes, trade becoming more in demand, the town gains slightly. Because of the trade road built with Tver our economy increases. After seeing a great success with the private schools in the cities of Novgorod, St Patriksburg, Staraya Russa, and Nizhny Novgorod. We start building another private school in Rostov and Yaroslavl. We complete building private schools in Torzhok and a private school in Staraya Ladoga. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Tver: We complete the construction of the private school in Tver and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Yaroslavl, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Yaroslavl: We complete the construction of the private school in Yaroslavl and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Rostov: We completed the construction of the private school in Rostov and start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Yaroslavl, Muscovy. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Karelia: We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to economy. As fur traders and hunters begin to move into Karelia, the land becomes more settled. We are pleased that peaceful terms have been met between us and Scandinavia, and we hope to improve relations in the future.


 * Zapoteca: Zapotecan troops patrol captured Aztec territory. The Spanish aid is greatly appreciated. The Emperor continues financing Spanish settlers to come to the kingdom and marry into the population. Trade increases and continues with the Spanish. Tlaco II expands roadways connecting cities in the alliance to help merchants and soldiers move freer between them. The military, which had been outdated for many years, continues to be upgraded. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. Naval technology is rapidly advanced under the Spanish. Tlaco II orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Itzapam continues prospering under Zapotecan rule, improving their economy immensely.
 * Austria: This turn in both our nation and in all our vassals is dedicated to economy. We train and expand our military using new experience from recent wars, and grow our nation economically. In Morocco our position in Melilla is fortified. All fortifications around the region are rebuilt and manned by stationed guards in case of an attack. To protect Melilla the construction of a fortress outside the city is considered, although postponed for now. The port of Melilla is rebuilt to begin operation as a trade port and military outpost. Construction continues on a shipyard in the Melilla port to facilitate the construction and repair of friendly ships. Melilla is granted a permanent naval garrison in the city’s port. to respond to dangers in the area, and to support the small garrison on land who mans the fortifications. Our position in Morocco is fortified by reinforcements, bringing Melilla operational against attacks. For now a small fleet is stationed in its harbor, while its garrison continues to hold the north and its supply lines, supporting our Christian brethren. With much of the Muslim population of Melilla left dead after the war against Morocco, the local government attempts to entice settlers by offering large quantities of land to Christian settlers. Many Europeans, particularly of German descent and/or from central Europe begin settling the area around Melilla. With finances from Augsburg-based banking establishments, the Trieste Company continues to launch expeditions to West Africa. Abrechtburg has grown to a decently sized settlement, supporting a population of farmers, traders, and a small garrison of soldiers. The town also houses a well furbished fort, armed with a small amount of cannons intended to defend the settlement and the harbor from any attack. Built out of necessity, the port at Abrechtburg is refurbished and expanded to support more trade ships, and allied countries are welcomed to trade and stay in the town. The second largest settlement in Westenland, Dominusburg, follows suit, finishing the construction of a port similar to Abrechtburg‘s. Trade posts continue to be built and exploited, now numbering several dozen along the coast of Westenland and into allied territory. Our reliance on the Wolof becomes less so, but we sign a trade agreement with their nation to continue our positive relationship. Deals are made with the Wolof for slaves and other goods. Conversion of the natives begin around the settlement. Several bimereiches and caravels begin construction in Trieste, Melilla, Corfu, and other ports,  to further facilitate and protect overseas trade. Trade is increased with the Grand Duchy of Bavaria and other trade partners, bringing about new avenues of trade and commerce. Expeditions to the New World continue to increase trade with Spanish possessions, establishing a trade route between Westenland and colonies in the Yucatan. Trade posts in the Caribbean are expanded and grow as they become more frequently visited.

1521
In Rome, Pope Nicholas V dies, and in the subsequent conclave, the Portuguese Bernardo Lopes de Carvalhal is elected Pope, taking the Papal name of Marinus V.

'''The plague appears in southern France, killing thousands of poor peasants in several cities on the mainland and Africa before dying out. '''

A student revolt breaks out in Erfurt, Thuringia.

'''The Polish revolt expands exponentially meeting little or no Hungarian resistance. The Polish troops expand into the latter half of Poland driving Hungarian troops out and leaving little or no troops loyal to Hungary. The Polish revolters get popular revolt bonus, and +4 for government supported by people'''.
 * Portugal: Continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Lenhame. By this time, the colony in Lenhame starts to export wheat to Portugal. Meanwhile, trade intensifies in the African coast. The Açores continue to be settled. Meanwhile, the naus continue to be used. Naval explorations directed to the west continue. Meanwhile, Santa Cruz expands north by 2000 sq km. Meanwhile, sugarcane, which is already cultivated in the Açores, is introduced in Santa Cruz. Meanwhile, pau-brasil (brazilwood) starts to be extracted in the colony. Meanwhile, sugarcane, that was already present in the Açores, begins to be planted in Santa Cruz. Meanwhile, the colony of São Sebastião expands 2000 sq km. Meanwhile, Teresa de Leiva gives birth to a girl, who is named Maria.
 * |onte continues to have a large surplus of grain. Though adopting "western farming", the idea of "the tribe" is still very much so alive, as people always share the crops they have grown, or the animals they have hunted amongst the community. Due to the policy of planting tree groves, desert reclamation has started taking effect in some parts of |onte. Throughout the year, Mon's children go elephant hunting, though it is very dangerous, as they are hunting them with arquebuses, and the whole process requires much co-ordination. However, the results are said to be spectacular, as the tribe gains new wealth in the collected ivory, and the elephant meat is considered a rarity. The season resulted in twenty elephants being killed, an increase due to the recently build elephant pen. |onte is rich with money made from elephant hunting, as they have nothing to spend the money on. Mon II begins teaching children in the vicinity of the Kunene how to read, causing great interest amongst children of these strange characters, that give them a new form to play. Most of the recent generation can read. However, only a few can write. Mon II continues the project that will be his life's work: the Kunene library.  |onte's population rises to over 18,000. There is a population centre that is beginning to appear around the mouth of the Kunene, and is simply referred to as Kunene. With the new Eheresito hu Kunene, Mon III accompanies his father Debarubo in  expanding 500 sq km northward (10 pixels) along the his expansions on the coast. Trying to accomodate the new population, many of the women, who are kept alive, are migrated to the Kunene, greatly increasing the city's population, but also bringing in a high ratio of females to males. Many of the females, in break with tradition, are sold to Nikobara, in exchange for coconuts.
 * Prussia: The Prussians begin to develop their economy. The Prussians continue to build their new navy. Prussia continues to Germanize their ethnic minorities.
 * Courland: The Curonians also continue developing their economy.
 * Estland: Ossel-Wiek also continues developing their economy. Duke Franz continues to reshape the face of Arensburg.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 875 sq km each settlement. The colonies continue growing as expected. The navy begins a huge update in order to establish a stronger control over over seas territories such as the colonies and to have further control over Africa. while this the king seeks for the French influence to grow in unexpected territories. The colony of Nouvelle Rouen continues to expand eastward by 250 px, we declare war on Italy to protect our ally Spain and to regain the regions of Provence and Anjou as well as other relatively wished territories.
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy are built up.
 * Sardinia: Military and economy are built up.
 * Basel: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aargau: Military and economy are built up. The French presence begins to be felt. However, the attempts to establish a pro-Germanic government in order to avoid eventual uprisings, internal vassalization begins as well to fully convince German leadership.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up.
 * Trier: Military and economy are built up.
 * Julich: Military and economy are built up.
 * Zweibrucken: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aurienne: Military and economy are built up. The nation expands both west and east toward the colonies of the French.
 * Guaxirenne: the country expands southward and military and economy are built up.
 * Banche Esterno: With the collapse of the Italian government, the Grand Duke takes over and establishes the city of San Marino in OTL Savannah, with many farms included. Because of the isolation in the new world, the Duke asks Éire for food, crops and wood cutting supplies. Farms are established all throughout the nation, as a way to keep our nation filled with food and to keep ourselves alive. While building some farms, wood cutters encounter tribal people of the area, and welcome them into our government affairs. They teach the people how to fish, how to plant,and how to survive. The Indians also guide us to more lands, as we extend 4 px to the west and 2 px to the south. As an act of gratefulness, a three-day feast is held, with the people thanking the Indians for their help. (Infrastucture turn).
 * Éiric Diplomacy: Supplies are sent to keep the small new nation alive, although any further agreements will not be made before a lengthy discussion with Albion.
 * Hispania: With a massive string of victories in Italy breaking the nations armed forces and collapsing the government leaving only a few territories and forces left to challenge the Spanish, Queen Alexis takes this opportunity and massive morale boost and support for the kingdom of Castile by Aragon and the Castilian populace leads to the unification of the Crowns of Castile, Aragon, Navarre, and Granada into the Kingdom of Spain. Along with this, she reforms the Spanish administrations for dealing with overseas territories by creating the Empire of Hispania or alternatively, the Spanish Empire. The Spanish populace reaches about 13 million and growing thanks to the addition of the Aragonian populace. The Economy thanks to the aggressive colonialism continues to expand immensely and the Spanish economy becomes the most powerful in Europe passing the French economy by leaps and bounds with the massive influx of gold, silver and jewels contributing heavily and its administration preventing heavy inflation of the Spanish economy. The armed forces continues their push to remain the most modern and begins to build a host of new ships to replace older ones which are sold to its vassals, trade companies and other territories of the Empire. The integration of Aragon into Castile and the formation of Spain is seen as relatively popular and the now majority Spanish population shows overwhelming support for their Queen. The Queen of Spain on the direction of an advisor incorporates the title of King of Italy as an integral part of Spain as well ruling over it in a personal union in which the monarch of Spain may rule as the King of Italy in a personal union but the title may not pass to any other than the Spanish monarch.
 * Kingdom of Italy: With the fall of the previous Italian government with the monarch being killed by Spanish assasins and other heirs being killed before they fled the country leaving only medium level nobles, the Italian crown passes to Queen Alexis and is tied to the Crown of Spain. The Italian forces are immediately recruited to lightly aid Spanish coalition troops and the armed forces are expected to push 30,000 troops by the close of the decade. The Italian kingdom integrates Florence as an integral part and begins to push towards more movement towards involvement with the Spanish Trade empire and Italian trade ships begin visiting Spain en masse. The Italian army is expanded moderately with some naval ships being purchased to replace losses. Queen Alexis is accepted as queen somewhat but some Italians remain disenfranchized with the Spanish due to the way in which the Spanish seized the throne. However, the Invulnerable Spanish army discourages any from speaking their mind and most deal with the relatively benevolent rule of the Spanish.
 * Savoy: Savoy is taken by storm from the Italians and surrenders to Spanish forces. The Savoyan people accept their new overlords as the increased trade has left traders and many other with much much more money than they had before. The Economy thanks to trade with spain expands moderately but much is spent rebuilding Savoy from the conflict. Savoy agrees to cede portions of Territory to France due to the war and many people in Savoy are angered but powerless. The Rulers of Savoy realizing that inclusion into the Spanish empire is much better than being a target of it manage to pacify the populace and begin to rebuild raising a small force of about 10,000 to handle security and continue to wage war helping the Spanish against and remaining Italian loyalists.
 * Genoa: Now being free of Italy, but now a vassal of Spain, Genoa looks to rebuild its trade empire under the rising Spanish empire. The Genoan people and traders widely consider this to be a turning point with their people and begin to push for the mass acquisition of trade ships to rebuild their trade empire. Genoa begins to expand its military moving up to nearly 8000 troops with 5000 Spanish troops housed in Genoa. The Genoan people more than not show welcoming attitudes toward the Spanish as they have felt relatively oppressed by the Italians. However, some Genoans remain disenfranchized with the Spanish but the reputation of invincibility of the Spanish army makes any attempt at independence a far cry from possibility. These people more than not decide to find ways to live under the Spanish empire in a more prosperous way.
 * Kingdom of Morocco: The country begins the construction of various canals and cultivates trees farther inland to help increase arable farmland. The Moroccan economy continues to expand with greater trade coming from Castile and the Canaries all the way down to Capo Verde increasing the relative wealth. The Kingdom, with many canals having been completed, has vastly expanded its farmland among other things. Morocco's total population reaches one million with Christianity becoming dominant in the area. Calne-Vicuna is finished and is opened as a center for Christianity in North Africa with a library said to rival old Alexandria's. The Moroccan Assassins Guild forms and spreads keeping the peace and killing the corrupt as well as making Morocco much more peaceful for Castilian Rule. The Kingdom of Morocco officially enters into a personal union with Castile following the magistrates and princes deeming it unnecessary for the King to not have full control in the country. The Magistrates, however, are fully re-instated to continue as they were just under direction of the monarch of Castile. The Kingdom of Morocco eager to gain and even higher standing with the Spanish declare war on Italy and send 10,000 of its most experienced troops.
 * Kongo: The Kingdom begins to work toward a trade and production economy focusing on helping provide resources for Castile's burgeoning West African trade network. The King of the Kongo converting to Christianity and being baptised begins to call for the expansion of ports to the best of the Kongolese architects' abilities. The Kingdom of the Kongo in an attempt to increase economic output and trade begins to export a large amount of raw materials to Castile and begins to push toward heavy exploitation methods if possible. Kongo due to its backwardness in technology and administration puts itself in a protectorate/vassal situation in order to advance itself. The Kngolese population reaches about 850,000 and beginning to grow much more rapidly. The Kongolese are angered by Oyo intrusions on areas seen as Kongolese lands.
 * Mapuche: With the defeat by the Spanish a royal governor is appointed by the Castilians.  These people are immediately transferred onto available ships and throughout the year are sent up the coast via Spanish ships to a location unknown to the Mapuche. The Mapuche also continue to see major issues from European contact are given orders to isolate themselves if they are sick to prevent further expansion of the disease.  The Mapuche people begin to see the first mixed children between Spanish and Mapuche people. The Spanish institute the Ecomienda system. However, the Spanish governor, in order to keep control of the people, orders the Spanish heads of the system to treat the natives fairly in order to prevent mass deaths from overworking and resentment. Spanish farming techniques have definitely prevented starvation as the Mapuche continue to expand toward the coast building a road to connect it all. The Spanish governor, also using the local Mapuche as scouts, is able to expand much more than the Buenos Aires colony and uses this to his advantage to secure more land to be able to turn over to Spanish settlers. The Royal Governor ramps up expansion for some of the new plantation owners setting up expanding the the territory by 2500 sq km. The Mapuche Area begins to see a notable increase in Castilian settlers, mostly farmers who begin to build special areas to employ the Inca farming methods.
 * Morelia: The former Mayan kingdom is renamed Morelia by the royal governor to reflect its new Spanish culture as thousands of settlers have settled in the major cities beginning to displace the remaining Mayans which have decreased almost 75% from their original population of two million leaving barely 500,000 Mayans left. An insightful priest says that destroying the cities will result in long term resentment that could never be repaired and instead they should be made Spanish-Maya hybrid. The new Royal Governor seeing wisdom in this declares that the cities will not be ransacked and a moderate tribute of gold and silver is demanded by the Spanish. The 2000 troops remain in the country and begin to establish areas along the coast suitable for Spanish settlement. The military and economy of the Maya under Spain is developed and roads are upgraded to Spanish standards. The Spanish sponsor some colonists who wish to remove themselves from the remainder of the Indians and establish themselves on an island (OTL Havana) and name the island Cuba. (1000 sq km).
 * Kingdom of Venezia: With the establishment of the Kingdom of Venezia following the previous war and with the loss of a large portion of the fleet the Venezian people seem to believe that much can be rebuilt through utilization of the dynamically rising Spanish empire for its own benefit. The businessmen and high level economists, bankers and multiple other fully knowledgeable individuals of Venezia remaining after the war go on a trip to Spain's vibrant trade cities and after careful negotiations many of these men take over one of Spain's newest rising trade companies, the Buenos Aires trade company, with some offices based out of the Buenos Aires colony in Hesperia. The Venezians, unable to select a king from their remaining nobles, delegate to the Queen of Spain (Castile and Aragon) who chooses a man named Antonio Lo Grato to rule as Prince of Venice in place of the Queen of Spain. A well acclaimed and respected man, he immediately enacts reforms. The Venezian economy with access to the Spanish economy begins to recover and for the first time in years due to this. The Venezians begins its long road to naval recovery and begins to use its vast knowledge to begin building ships not only for itself but acquires the blueprints to improve on Spanish ships to allow for sale back to the Queen. The Venezian military is also raised to a token force of about 10,000 due to its location but remains lightly armed and unable to project power or fight any unsupported offensives. The Prince of Venezia, Antonio, begins the drift toward Spanish culture in an attempt to assimilate to a much more favorable nation than Austria, or the Kingdom of Italy.
 * Viceroyalty of New Spain: The Viceroyalty of new Spain is established with a massive amount of coastal territory secured begins to expand its major settlements seriously with Buenos Aires maintaining the most with nearly 20,000 people and growing. The Viceroy implements the first cattle ranches (they are not modern ranches) in order to expand the food supply of the large colony. The Spanish inhabitants of the colonies form their first militia under command of a Spanish officer which is trained only to fight off native attacks. The Colony specifically expands the areas around its main settlements by 10 px and extends its borders south by 10 px intending to reach the Straits of Torez (OTL Straits of Magellan). The viceroyalty seems extremely happy with the colonial status and support its received from Castile as well as the massive re-investment for the betterment of the colony giving a huge boost to the construction of a few forts and a road system. The first ships begin to arrive from Spain African colonies bringing goods and a few slaves. Many people seemed apalled by the idea of slavery but other more opportunists buy a few hundred and start up the first few plantations based around cocoa and tobacco.
 * Cape Ferdinand: The Cape Ferdinand colony expands by 10 px in one direction and 10 px around existing settlements beginning to push towards making the area a larger more controlled area for Spanish habitation. the semi-hostile climate has left Cape Ferdinand with barely 15,000 colonists in comparison to New Spain in Hesperia. The area itself begins to show up as a trade hub. Zulu Africans in the area begin to be contacted with missionaries looking to speak to these people.
 * The Kingdoms of Great Albion (Scotland and England) - member nation of the UKGA: Many ships are modernized and replaced to keep the Royal Albion Navy a powerful force on the high seas. Port Edmundburg continues to experience a growth in population. Albionic settlers continue to explore the surrounding areas. The dialect of English originally found in Scotland and the Eire grows so large that it covers most of the North of England. This new dialect is called Bythigish (portmanteau of Brython and English). English nobles begin to enjoy the Celtic myths of Eire and Scotland. The Templar Order continues to undercut the King's enemies and seeks ways to privately grow the power of the King and Albion as a whole. The Order buys up many smaller businesses and collectivizes some farms. The Order begins to expand into other areas of Europe, seeking to grow understanding as well as pushing Albionic ideals. Albion continues to explore farther west and south. A clockmaker from Cambridge becomes popular for his accurate timepieces and the exquisite wood housing. He creates a chime for the St Mary's Cathedral, the chimes are called the Cambridge Chimes (OTL Westminster Quarters AKA Big Ben's chime). The Chimes become so popular, other clockmakers incorporate the chimes into their clocks. The Crown Dominion of Hamburg does well this year, as an influx of trade begins to repair the wounds of several wars. The English Renaissance is born when several painters in London show off some impressive works. Trade with the Mughal Empire begins to boom. Albion accepts the offers from the Natigoseg L'nu. Albion celebrates the wedding of Princess Jacqueline to Prince Dietrich of Oldenburg, and elaborate celebration is held in London for the "fair princess" and her husband.
 * Éiric Diplomacy: Because of the possible consequences of Éire supplying the new Italian nation in the new lands, Éire wishes for Albion's approval before any further agreements are made with Banche Esterno
 * Calais: Military and navy are expanded.
 * Dublin: Dublin undergoes another remodel and expansion to the ports due to the massive influx of trade from Castile and Venice as well as an increased Eire trade.
 * Scotland: Expands navy and military. Pan Albion sentiments grow, Trade increases. Whiskey is traded down to central Albion.
 * Wales: Wales expands its military and navy. Cardiff becomes a large centre of trade for Wales. The Welsh appoint Adam Cyrdger as Royal Minister. The first sessions of parliament are held. Wales does not see as large a population boom as Albion or Scotland, but a minor one, centered around Cardiff and Swansea, does occur.
 * Port Edmundburg expands by 1000 sq km east. The African colonists begin looking toward mining and other ventures to generate profit.
 * New Cambridgeshire: New Cambridgeshire expands by 1000 sq km west. Colonists begin to explore around the region and begin to have a large fishing boom. The Port of New Rotham is expanded to handle excess ships from Albion and other European nations and is renamed by popular vote as New Oxford. The people of New Oxford also begin an attempt to gain knowledge of farming in Borealia from Native Peoples.
 * Fusahito Theocracy: The main port in the Manchurian colony is continued to be fortified with walls and ramparts, a symbol of Fusahito strength in Eastern Asia. Whilst this is happening, in mainland Japan, the old slaves begin to complete their military training, with their numbers swelling the size of the Imperial Army to around 55,000, with others able to be recruited from feudal lords. Mil turn. The brutal measures used to crush the rebelling Jurchens shows remarkable effectiveness, with their spirit completely broken and an end to all resistance to Japanese rule. In the meantime, the Emperor continues to provide financial and economic support to the Hosokawa Clan and the Japanese islands to the North which have thrown off the yoke of Chinese dominance. These measures continue to draw these Japanese patriots closer to the Theocracy. (Year Fourteen of Sixteen).
 * County of Oldenburg: The wedding between Prince Dietrich and Princess Jacqueline is held with much pomp and circumstance in the City Church of Saint Andrew the Apostle in Osnabruck. All the notables of the realm, as well as many from Albion, attend. Princess Jacqueline is now officially part of the House of Hamburg-Oldenburg (a cadet branch of the House of Hamburg). The young couple go on a honeymoon to Norderney (old Norderney, not Labrador). Countess Adelheid improves the military, including the navy, and Albion is asked if they could lend us some naval architects to help with our navy.
 * Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: The nation's economy booms in a magnitude never before seen in the bishopric's history. The massive influx of dignitaries and common folk for the wedding, combined with the already high number of pilgrims, means that all the inns and roadside houses are full for a large portion of the year. Entrepreneurial people even let out rooms of their small town houses in order to cash in. As a result, many people entrust their money to the Episcopal Bank, which uses the capital to do some investing (usury-free, I assure you).
 * Safavid Empire: We build up our military and navy. Port cities are being rebuilt. More ships are being made for our navy. Our own version of guns are being made. Farming is becoming one of the most important industries, besides blacksmithy, trading and fishing. Guns are now mass produced in our country. We continue to make more woodblock printing presses for our libraries. Prototype cannons at three feet long are continuing to be made. A trade route from our home country to Oirat is mapped out. People are now trading with each other on this trade route. Foreign exchange banks are becoming popular in our country due to the ETA (Eurasian Trade Agreement). Trade has increased due to the ETA. A new art form is continuing to be drawn. It is a mix of Safavid, Oirat and Mughal art. Our art is continuing to be popular with all of the nation around us. Trade goes well with the Dutch merchants. All slaves that come from the Oyo nation are continuing to be converted to Shi'ite Islam. We continue to trade with the Roman Empire. Trade routes to Caliphate of Mecca are continuing to be drawn on maps. We win the war against the Shahdom of Verkana. After taking over all of their land, Persia is now unified.
 * Khanate of Khiva: We improve our relations with the Safavid empire. We build up our military and navy. Trade routes are continuing to be map into the Safavid empire.
 * Netherlands: William continues to promote the arts and sciences in his courts and throughout Netherlander society, as past rulers have, and he also puts a greater emphasis on the army which was somewhat neglected under the reign of his father in favor of the navy. Though funds are still provided to the navy in large sums. Development of newer military tactics continue while tweaking with the musket designs continue. After time after time a settlement is finally established along the mouth of the Amazon River. The city is named Macaba after hearing natives use the word Macapaba. trading along the coastline and exploiting the timber of the region. The settlement is small with only 30 people. However, a small number of blacks are brought in from Africa to cut would and help set it up.The Dutch traders request an audience with the Chinese Emperor to discuss possibilities of trade and opening relations. Karl begins to explore the different beliefs of the orient particularly Islam. He becomes infamous for taking on multiple lovers from both Dutch families and local girls. However, his administrative skills are undeniable, he is named the governer of Batavia. Karl also makes an inquiry if he may spend time in the royal court of Bengal. The Kingdom continues to prosper as trade and banking provide a massive influx of capital. The stocks of the East India Company continue to develop more and more as trade with the orient evolves and solidifies. Military and naval expansion continue. Dutch shipwrights start exploring new ship designs that will allow for greater mobility and firepower. More of the Roman firearms are produced by Wallon gunsmithies. Some revisions are made to the current tactics used by the Royal Army mainly due to the opportunities provided by this new firearm which proves to be superior in firing capacity and cheaper to produce. The arts and sciences continue to flourish and develop as the courts and universities of the Netherlands fund them due to the large amounts capital avaliable to the nation. The bourgoeisie and aristocracy continue to grow as does their wealth. The luxurious life style of the Netherlands continues to evolve. Great mansions, town houses and public works are built, such as the Theatre of Brussels and the Arts building of the University of Amsterdam. The major cities continue to grow and the architectural style of the buildings continue to change. Influence over Sunda and the rest of the East Indies continue to grow as Batavia grows in importance within the region following the collapse of the Thai Empire. The first Dutch building is finished in Batavia becoming the headquarters of the East India Company in the Orient.
 * Natigosteg L'nu: The quarantine of Natigosteg continues. Yaldan and the royal family move to Labrador, while the construction of the palace and library stops. Meanwhile, though, ocean-crossing ships are completed. The first is sent on a preliminary vooyage to Albion with taxes. Merchants are already eagerly replicating the designs in preparation to construct their own ships. Ungava expands 1000 km, while the military is expanded by 500 men.
 * Aksimiki: With the Ungava Cree now fully resettled in Aksimiki, the vassal is placed under the administration of Chakhun, who expands it 1000 km, occupying the whole island. A fort is constructed at OTL on the mainland, in preparation for expansion onto the mainland.
 * Pskov, seeing the perfect oportunity to get back at Hungary for Spitting on Pskov and its printed works for years, outlawing their sale, decide, after a fair bit of convincing by the Prince, to pull an Iron Bank of Braavos and finance the Hungarian Rebels, the Bank giving them a Generous loan, and the Veche giving them all the replaced muskets and a large portion of the newly minted Snaplock muskets at a "discount"(largely made up by the interest on the loans). Pskov rejoices at the new economic prosperity, and using new connections around the Baltic for trade, especialy in the baking sector, are able to pull a surplus this year despite the generous loan package given to Poland. the Polish Rebels are "highly encouraged" by the Pskovian Diplomats who signed the deal to encroach into the rest of Hungary's Vassals and free more land, in which case Pskov will finance them even further.
 * Tawatinsuyu: Military improves. Peru continues to grow, as the city boasts about 12000 inhabitants, with developments allowing for larger populations. Cuzco continues to be targeted by Anti-Spain riots. Healthy population hits about 830,000, while the immune population conitinues to rise. The merging of western medical practices and the studies done by the Inca have allowed for greater advancments in the medical field, allowing the Inca to increase surviablity rate of the plague slightly. The adoption of Western technology, particularly swords and guns, continues, allowing for greater use of the army. The Anti-Spain riots contiune, spreading to Chan Chan, were the situatiom reaches a critcal, forcing the Inca Army to be deployed.
 * Éire (Member Nation of the UKGA):  Meanwhile, the military is built up, after the Scandinavian War, and bitterness rises against Hamburg and the HRE. The pidgin language that has been spoken in the port cities of Eire that is related to Brythenglish becomes an official language of Eire, with it being entitled "Albionic". Our explorers discover much of the land between OTL Cape Cod and Labrador, and claim it for the UKGA and all aligned native tribes. A map is drafted of these regions. Galway becomes the main center for Western trade and colonization. After the passing of King Tomas II, his son Faolán ascends the throne as King Faolán FitzTomas FitzGerald, King of Éire, Protector of Nuaphail and first man of Éire in the UKGA.
 * Nuaphail: As the colony spreads, more and more settlers begin to arrive at the fledgling town of Nua Luimneach/Limerick. Composed of a diverse group of indentured servants, fortune-seekers, soldiers, missionaries, and free settlers, the vast majority are from Éire, specifically the port cities of Limerick, Tralee, and Galway, but a smattering are from other parts of Éire and even the kingdoms of Great Albion. We also begin to send single women, who are rewarded for their passage to the colony in money and other goods. Friendly relations are established with the Natigosteg L'nu, and other surrounding Mi'kmaq tribes though there are some raids, and we come to the L'nu with various trinkets and a picture of King Tomas II and one of the Éiric countryside. Due to the bounty of the surrounding area in natural resources, there is more than enough food, especially with the help of the L'nu, and the first batches of cod and lumber are exported. Missionaries of the Western Church are sent to all surrounding tribes, and we sail up the OTL St Lawrence as far as OTL Quebec City, with missionaries spreading the Faith and trinkets to native people in exchange for food and loyalties. We expand 1000 km north along the coast of the Gaspe Penninsula. 
 * In the Tartary, the population grows. The French delegation is received. The news of a New World and the proof of the Aureannic existence through its delegation intrigue Alexander Khan, and he begins to wonder whether these lands can be reached by land through the East. He requests some Aureannics stay behind in the Tartary to be studied in Court, and for the French to bring more of them to begin a small colony of them in the area. The economy continues to grow, with cities growing and the population doing so as well. Traders and production in the region begin booming. Minerals are discovered around the Urals, to the east of the nation. The nation begins expanding eastward into the Yamal, especially around the northern Urals, brought forth by prospecting for minerals, by 5000 sq km. The military is developed. Khiva continues to be influenced at a great importance. Relations are improved with Hungary and Rome.
 * ​Adyghea: Begins to grow more closely aligned with the Tartary itself. The population grows, accomodating Alans and Tatars leaving Crimea. The economy also does, as do the vantage positions on the Caucasus. A mild Chechen revolt erupts to the east of the nation.
 * Great Perm: Also begins to grow more dependent on the Tartary. The ruble continues spreading throughout North Asia, now becoming the primary method of trade in the Tartary, Adyghea, Kazakhstan, and to a lesser degree the Central Asian states. The military also grows, with modernisation occurring.
 * Kazakhstan: Continues to modernise. Centralisation continues to occur, with ulus and warlords being defeated quickly by the Manghud governors in the name of the Tartary. The economy grows because of increased centralisation, as cotton and apples begin to be produced rapidly in the region.
 * Azov: Continues construction of Özu-Cale. The main fort, now named Iskander-Hisar (or Alexander-Kremlin) continues construction. The port begins to grow with the town now having around 300 inhabitants and the first few shipfuls of grain leaving down the Dneiper, easier for transportation. Other cities continue to grow.
 * Grand Duchy of Hamburg-Mecklenburg: Hamburger explorers finally reach the East Indies. They immediately begin searching amongst the locals for suitable trade partners. Exploration along the new world also continues. Back home, several infrastructure projects are enacted. In the ports, the shipyards are expanded, effectively increasing their ship production by 40%. The navy also grows, as does the merchant fleet. The merchant fleet comes to number close to 700 ships while the navy currently sits at around 200. A new feature among the merchant ships is that they have the ability to be quickly converted into warships in time of conflict. Grand Duke Friedrich II returns from his brothers wedding, while he continues searching for a wife.
 * Magdeburg: Military and economy expanded.
 * Bremen: Military and economy expanded.
 * Bruchhausen: Military and economy expanded.
 * Williamsburg: Military and economy expanded.
 * Neue Lüneburg: Military and economy expanded.
 * Vorlayacor:  The naval industry has reached its maximum potential until the first Vorlyacoran vessels that can traverse the ocean are completed.  The rest of the economy, however, experiences an influx in profits from the new alliance and trade agreement with Tawatinsuyu; this in particular helps out some of the relatively impoverished inland towns.  Ironworking grows exponentially, with Vorlayacoran iron slowly becoming the envy of other Hesperian nations.  Jarvan, in order to maintain the relative good favor of the Spanish, orders no public resentment against Mapuche Christians, causing social unrest against his rule.  Slight upgrades are made to the War Band's matchlocks, increasing their accuracy.  Our northwestern and western coastal borders expand by five pixels.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire continues to expand its trade to other regions of the world, namely the new world and Asia. The war with Italy makes the Empire be at edge, and the Empire itself declares neutrality in the conflict. Several Italian nobles flee to the Empire and most settle in either Constantinople or Patras. This includes the former Italian royal family, who are settled in a lesser palace in Constantinople by their relatives, the Imperial family. I am assuming we are keeping to our agreement here, Feud. In other news, the Empire continues to improve its galleasses and construct more, and the construction on the new shipyards in Athens and Thessalonica are completed. Plans to build another such shipyard in Cyprus are also made.
 * Albania: The war with Italy allows for Albania to expand to its Italian controlled lands, and Albanian troops move into the region to take the fight there. The Albanian navy stays out of the fight, as its small size is not capable of fighting the larger Italian navy. The war excites the population and most of the nobles, who approve of finally uniting the Albanians under one nation.
 * Ragusa: The war with Italy causes a few problems for the republic, namely the arrival of exiled nobles and their monarchial tendencies. Despite this, the republic allows them in, and the war is used to further justify naval and trade expansion. The larger shipyard under construction in Ragusa continues.
 * Cyprus: The island kingdom expands its trade and infastructure on the island, improving existing roads and fortifications. Exports like timber, copper, and salt are sent to other countries to pay for such efforts. The city of Famagusta helps to bring in such revenue and to ship the exports and accept imports. The Spanish-Latin laws put into place begin to be moderated with traditional Roman or Greek laws to help ease the nation back into the Empire.
 * Lombardy: Work continues on the Certosa di Pavia, the Castle Visconteo, and on the extensive Milan Cathedral. We continue training a proper standing army, utilizing Swiss mercenaries and local recruits. With border disputes now settled between the nations of Austria and Switzerland, we continue opening friendly relations with both nations in hopes of repairing our diplomatic relations and protecting our northern border. We continue constructing cogs and galleys to strengthen our navy and protect our interests on the seas. Our turn is dedicated to military in both our nation and our vassals. Wallis is declared a vassal of our nation, and we continue influencing them. We declare war on Italy to aid our Spanish allies.
 * Novgorod: We continue the production of ships, cannons, muskets, advanced crossbows, swords, and composite bows, increasing our military capabilities in case of war. The nation’s training and advancement of military continues. The recent classes of Koch ships are being manufactured in Novgorod. The town of St Patriksburg’s population grows a bit more that last year. As the construction of the town improves, the Kremlin finishes, trade becoming more in demand, the town gains slightly. Because of the trade road built with Tver our economy increases. After seeing a great success with the private schools in the cities of Novgorod, St Patriksburg, Staraya Russa, and Nizhny Novgorod. We start building another private school in Rostov and Yaroslavl. We complete building private schools in Torzhok and a private school in Staraya Ladoga. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Tver: We complete the construction of the private school in Tver and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Yaroslavl, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Yaroslavl: We complete the construction of the private school in Yaroslavl and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Rostov: We completed the construction of the private school in Rostov and start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Yaroslavl, Muscovy. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Karelia: We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to military. As fur traders and hunters begin to move into Karelia, the land becomes more settled. We are pleased that peaceful terms have been met between us and Scandinavia, and we hope to improve relations in the future.
 * Austria: This turn in both our nation and in all our vassals is dedicated to military. We train and expand our military using new experience from recent wars, and grow our nation economically. In Morocco our position in Melilla is fortified. All fortifications around the region are rebuilt and manned by stationed guards in case of an attack. To protect Melilla the construction of a fortress outside the city is considered, although postponed for now. The port of Melilla is rebuilt to begin operation as a trade port and military outpost. Construction continues on a shipyard in the Melilla port to facilitate the construction and repair of friendly ships. Melilla is granted a permanent naval garrison in the city’s port. to respond to dangers in the area, and to support the small garrison on land who mans the fortifications. Our position in Morocco is fortified by reinforcements, bringing Melilla operational against attacks. For now a small fleet is stationed in its harbor, while its garrison continues to hold the north and its supply lines, supporting our Christian brethren. With much of the Muslim population of Melilla left dead after the war against Morocco, the local government attempts to entice settlers by offering large quantities of land to Christian settlers. Many Europeans, particularly of German descent and/or from central Europe begin settling the area around Melilla. With finances from Augsburg-based banking establishments, the Trieste Company continues to launch expeditions to West Africa. Abrechtburg has grown to a decently sized settlement, supporting a population of farmers, traders, and a small garrison of soldiers. The town also houses a well furbished fort, armed with a small amount of cannons intended to defend the settlement and the harbor from any attack. Built out of necessity, the port at Abrechtburg is refurbished and expanded to support more trade ships, and allied countries are welcomed to trade and stay in the town. The second largest settlement in Westenland, Dominusburg, follows suit, finishing the construction of a port similar to Abrechtburg‘s. Trade posts continue to be built and exploited, now numbering several dozen along the coast of Westenland and into allied territory. Our reliance on the Wolof becomes less so, but we sign a trade agreement with their nation to continue our positive relationship. Deals are made with the Wolof for slaves and other goods. Conversion of the natives begin around the settlement. Several bimereiches and caravels begin construction in Trieste, Melilla, Corfu, and other ports,  to further facilitate and protect overseas trade. Trade is increased with the Grand Duchy of Bavaria and other trade partners, bringing about new avenues of trade and commerce. Expeditions to the New World continue to increase trade with Spanish possessions, establishing a trade route between Westenland and colonies in the Yucatan. Trade posts in the Caribbean are expanded and grow as they become more frequently visited. We declare war on Italy to aid Spain.
 * Zapoteca: Zapotecan troops patrol captured Aztec territory. The Spanish aid is greatly appreciated. The Emperor continues financing Spanish settlers to come to the kingdom and marry into the population. Trade increases and continues with the Spanish. Tlaco II expands roadways connecting cities in the alliance to help merchants and soldiers move freer between them. The military, which had been outdated for many years, continues to be upgraded. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. Naval technology is rapidly advanced under the Spanish. Tlaco II orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Itzapam continues prospering under Zapotecan rule, improving their economy immensely.
 * Rumania: Stephen, now 45, decides to re-equip the two Rumanian legions, each 10,000 strong, with Leverlock muskets. Soldiers who once carried matchlocks are re-armed and begin training with the more reliable and less easily damaged Leverlocks. The troops receive the new weapons well and the officers report a marked improvement in rate of fire and volley fire. Leverlock muskets continue to grow as a major export. The gunsmiths of Rumania begin to gain a reputation for good-quality, reliable weapons. This fame pushes the smiths to experiment and create better variations on leverlock muskets. Constantius, now 21, and his brother Radu, now 20, begin to help their father rule the nation. Constantius presiding over Wallachia and Moldavia, while Radu is sent to Bulgaria to begin the process of incorporating the nation into Rumania. We express our neutrality for the time-being in the Polish revolts.
 * The Consulate of Bulgaria: Ties with Rumania are strengthened; hundreds of Romanians move into the country, seeking cheap and productive land, and inter-marriage becomes very common. Bulgarians also begin to migrating to trade towns in Romania to seek more economic opportunities. Bulgarian populations in Rumania now represent a large minority, and the same can be said about Romanians in Bulgaria. The Bulgarian Legion, the defence force of 1,000 men, is re-equipped with Leverlocks just as the Rumanian Legions.
 * Rumania: Stephen, now 45, decides to re-equip the two Rumanian legions, each 10,000 strong, with Leverlock muskets. Soldiers who once carried matchlocks are re-armed and begin training with the more reliable and less easily damaged Leverlocks. The troops receive the new weapons well and the officers report a marked improvement in rate of fire and volley fire. Leverlock muskets continue to grow as a major export. The gunsmiths of Rumania begin to gain a reputation for good-quality, reliable weapons. This fame pushes the smiths to experiment and create better variations on leverlock muskets. Constantius, now 21, and his brother Radu, now 20, begin to help their father rule the nation. Constantius presiding over Wallachia and Moldavia, while Radu is sent to Bulgaria to begin the process of incorporating the nation into Rumania. We express our neutrality for the time-being in the Polish revolts.
 * The Consulate of Bulgaria: Ties with Rumania are strengthened; hundreds of Romanians move into the country, seeking cheap and productive land, and inter-marriage becomes very common. Bulgarians also begin to migrating to trade towns in Romania to seek more economic opportunities. Bulgarian populations in Rumania now represent a large minority, and the same can be said about Romanians in Bulgaria. The Bulgarian Legion, the defence force of 1,000 men, is re-equipped with Leverlocks just as the Rumanian Legions.

1522
'''In protest of a foreign invader occupying their land, the Lenni Lenape rally to retake Lenapehoking from the Scandinavian settlers. Vinland is raided and farms around OTL New York City are razed by the natives. The remaining settlers hide in the city, causing their territory to temporarily recede. '''

The Chinese Ministry of War under the Ming Dynasty orders ships having more than one mast sailing along the southeast coast to be seized, investigated, and destroyed; this in an effort to curb piracy and limit private commercial trade abroad.
 * Portugal: Continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Lenhame. By this time, the colony in Lenhame starts to export wheat to Portugal. Meanwhile, trade intensifies in the African coast. The Açores continue to be settled. Meanwhile, the naus continue to be used. Naval explorations directed to the west continue. Meanwhile, Santa Cruz expands north by 2000 sq km. Meanwhile, sugarcane, which is already cultivated in the Açores, is introduced in Santa Cruz. Meanwhile, pau-brasil (brazilwood) starts to be extracted in the colony. Meanwhile, sugarcane, that was already present in the Açores, begins to be planted in Santa Cruz. Meanwhile, the colony of São Sebastião expands 2000 sq km. Meanwhile, Teresa de Leiva gives birth to a girl, who is named Maria.
 * Spainish Dip: We are looking for a betrothal for our Son Phillip Heir to the Spanish throne to any Females in the Portuguese line. We wish this to be a peaceful marriage to increase diplomatic ties between our two powers.
 * Portuguese diplomacy: Queen Urraca has three still-not-married granddaughters: Sofia Manrique de Lara, 22 years old, Isabel Manrique de Lara, 20 years old and Catarina Manrique de Lara, 18 years old.
 * Spanish Dip: King Phillip wishes to be married to Isabela due to her closeness in age. Phillip is age 19 nearing 20 and wishes to marry to restore friendlier relations.
 * |onte continues to have a large surplus of grain. Though adopting "western farming", the idea of "the tribe" is still very much so alive, as people always share the crops they have grown, or the animals they have hunted amongst the community. Due to the policy of planting tree groves, desert reclamation has started taking effect in some parts of |onte. Throughout the year, Mon's children go elephant hunting, though it is very dangerous, as they are hunting them with arquebuses, and the whole process requires much co-ordination. However, the results are said to be spectacular, as the tribe gains new wealth in the collected ivory, and the elephant meat is considered a rarity. The season resulted in twenty elephants being killed, an increase due to the recently build elephant pen. |onte is rich with money made from elephant hunting, as they have nothing to spend the money on. Mon II begins teaching children in the vicinity of the Kunene how to read, causing great interest amongst children of these strange characters, that give them a new form to play. Most of the recent generation can read. However, only a few can write. Mon II continues the project that will be his life's work: the Kunene library.  |onte's population rises to over 21,000. There is a population centre that is beginning to appear around the mouth of the Kunene, and is simply referred to as Kunene. With the new Eheresito hu Kunene, Mon III accompanies his father Debarubo in  expanding 500 sq km northward (10 pixels) along the his expansions that are along the expansions on the coast (3 pixels in). Trying to accomadate the new population, many of the women, who are kept alive, are migrated to the Kunene, greatly increasing the city's population, but also bringing in a high ratio of females to males. Many of the females, in break with tradition, are sold to Nikobara in exchange for coconuts.
 * Prussia: The Prussians begin to develop their economy. The Prussians continue to build their new navy. Prussia continues to Germanize their ethnic minorities.
 * Courland: The Curonians also continue developing their economy.
 * Estland: Estland also continues developing their economy. Duke Franz continues to reshape the face of Arensburg.
 * Lombardy: Work continues on the Certosa di Pavia, the Castle Visconteo, and on the extensive Milan Cathedral. We continue training a proper standing army, utilizing Swiss mercenaries and local recruits. With border disputes now settled between the nations of Austria and Switzerland, we continue opening friendly relations with both nations in hopes of repairing our diplomatic relations and protecting our northern border. We continue constructing cogs and galleys to strengthen our navy and protect our interests on the seas. Our turn is dedicated to economy in both our nation and our vassals. Wallis is declared a vassal of our nation, and we continue influencing them. We declare war on Italy to aid our Spanish allies.
 * Novgorod: We continue the production of ships, cannons, muskets, advanced crossbows, swords, and composite bows, increasing our military capabilities in case of war. The nation’s training and advancement of military continues. The recent classes of Koch ships are being manufactured in Novgorod. The town of St Patriksburg’s population grows a bit more that last year. As the construction of the town improves, the Kremlin finishes, trade becoming more in demand, the town gains slightly. Because of the trade road built with Tver our economy increases. After seeing a great success with the private schools in the cities of Novgorod, St Patriksburg, Staraya Russa, and Nizhny Novgorod. We start building another private school in Rostov and Yaroslavl. We complete building private schools in Torzhok and a private school in Staraya Ladoga. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Tver: We complete the construction of the private school in Tver and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Yaroslavl, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Yaroslavl: We complete the construction of the private school in Yaroslavl and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Rostov: We completed the construction of the private school in Rostov and start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Yaroslavl, Muscovy. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Karelia: We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to economy. As fur traders and hunters begin to move into Karelia, the land becomes more settled. We are pleased that peaceful terms have been met between us and Scandinavia, and we hope to improve relations in the future.
 * Rumania: Stephen, now 46, continues to re-equip the two Rumanian legions, each 10,000 strong, with Leverlock muskets. Soldiers who once carried matchlocks are re-armed and begin training with the more reliable and less easily damaged Leverlocks. The troops receive the new weapons well and the officers report a marked improvement in rate of fire and volley fire. Leverlock muskets continue to grow as a major export. The gunsmiths of Rumania begin to gain a reputation for good-quality, reliable weapons. This fame pushes the smiths to experiment and create better variations on leverlock muskets. Constantius, now 22, helps his father rule the nation.
 * The Consulate of Bulgaria: Radu, now 21, ruling as a Consul in the Bulgarian government, strengthens ties with Rumania. He establishes a new system for immigration and allows thousands of Romanians to move into the country, seeking cheap and productive land. Meanwhile, inter-marriage becomes very common. Bulgarians also begin to migrating to trade towns in Romania to seek more economic opportunities. The ethnic diversity of Bulgaria is estimated at roughly 20% Romanian, 75% Bulgarian, and 5% Other. The Bulgarian Legion,continues to be re-equipped with Leverlocks just as the Rumanian Legions.
 * Ghana: Ghana starts to develop their economy so they could start to trade with the Oyo Empire in hopes of not being invaded.
 * France D: We offer Ghana to open trade with France and a secret alliance pact in order to protect the French interest in the region. if any nation attacks Ghana France would respond on their side. If Ghana agrees we would establish a treaty to create the frame rules.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 875 sq km each settlement. The colonies continue growing as expected. The navy begins a huge update in order to establish a stronger control over overseas territories such as the colonies and to have further control over Africa. While this, the king seeks the French influence to grow in unexpected territories. The colony of Nouvelle Rouen continues to expand eastward by 250 px. We declare war on Italy to protect our ally Spain and to regain the regions of Provence and Anjou as well as other relatively wished territories.
 * Burgundy: Military and navy are built up.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy are built up.
 * Sardinia: Military and economy are built up.
 * Basel: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aargau: Military and economy are built up. The French presence begins to be felt. However, the attempts to establish a pro-Germanic government in order to avoid eventual uprisings, internal vassalization begins as well to fully convince German leadership.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up.
 * Trier: Military and economy are built up.
 * Julich: Military and economy are built up.
 * Zweibrucken: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aurienne: Military and economy are built up. The nation expands both west and east toward the colonies of the French.
 * Guaxirenne: The country expands southward and military and economy are built up.
 * County of Oldenburg: The OHG's whaling and sealing operations in the Northern Atlantic go well. Non-company fishing fleets follow the OHG's fleet to the newer waters, taking advantage of the superabundance of fish. Fearing they are losing out on a profitable resource, the OHG offers prominent fishermen fincncial incentives to join the company. In Neu Baltrum, the son of the "First Fisherman", who took over his father's small business upon his death, joins the company. All this gives the economy a boost.
 * Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: Military is built up.
 * Marrikuwuyanga Empire: By now, mud bricks were utilized to build homes. The wheat surplus had steadily increased which had allowed the Marrikuwuyanga to increase their population. The Marrikuwuyanga continued their trade with the Dutch East Indian Company after the Supreme Council of Twelve had allowed the Dutch to create a trade outpost [1 px] at West Timor. The Marrikuwuyangan economy was steadily growing after the shock it had faced when the Ayutthaya faced rebellion. The Marrikuwuyangan economy was the strongest in the region and hundreds of men from other tribal states would migrate to Marrikuwuyanga annually to live in better conditions. The Marrikuwuyanga deported the 1000 Ayutthaya soldiers back to their homelands after the Emperor faced pressure from the Supreme Council of Twelve. The Marrikuwuyanga now produced muskets in large number, although training in using spears was still provided. Marrikuwuyanga expand 50 px along the eastern coast. The Emperor faced with the threat of Buddhism undermining his position, started mass conversions of Buddhists to Yadaism [Yadaism is a combination of Buddhism and the worship of Emperor Yada Gulpilil], and the Supreme Council openly declared that Ayutthaya and Buddhists were demons, not celestial beings the Marrikuwuyanga had previously considered them to be and the Buddhists were now persecuted.
 * Timor: The extensive work on developing Timor's navy and military had proved beneficial after the Dutch had started providing the Marrikuwuyanga with their warships for the Marrikuwuyanga to examine and build. The Marrikuwuyangan Emperor, Yada Gulpilil was worshipped by many natives and his power continued to increase over the tribes of Timor. Development of Timor's infrastructure had started with the aid of Dutch, and the construction of a major port for the Dutch to utilize too had started
 * Marrikuwuyangan Diplomacy: The Marrikuwuyanga are informed of the demise of the Ayutthaya, following the 20 year long civil war. The Emperor passes on the information to the Dutch East Indies Company, and later on informs the people of Marrikuwuyanga that the 'Demonic Ayutthaya have been defeated'
 * Banche Esterno: The Duke continues to build farms in the country as lodging becomes more of a necessity. Because of the isolation in the New World, the Duke asks Éire and Albion for food, crops and woodcutting supplies. Farms are established all throughout the nation, as a way to keep our nation filled with food and to keep ourselves alive. The Indians, nice, peaceful people, offer to continue helping us survive if we help them. The Duke gives the Indians seven muskets for five acres of farmland so the nation can grow more food. Though, throughout all this, the Indians offer nobles some stuff which they put in their pipes and they smoke. Called tobacco, the people of our nation are getting addicted to this and are offering to grow farms for this crop. The Nobles explore 5 px west and 1 px south. Trade of cheap tobacco is offered to any European nation, so long as they supply us with food and fresh water.
 * Éiric Diplomacy: Banche Esterno is offered to become a protectorate of Éire according to the terms of Treaty of Cork
 * Natigosteg L'nu: We offer a trade deal, should Banche Esterno accept the Eiric offer.
 * Caliphate of Mecca: After three years, the construction of the defensive wall between us and Yemen is still halfway built. The trenches, fortunately, are finished digging. We estimate that in 15 more years, 1537~1538. The defensive wall that is five meters thick - which is super long - will be finished! We have continuously trained our army and we start using all the money from taxes to build cannons and weapons. There is a rebel forming in our country that is arguing to the kingdom that we are not using the money correctly. We continue to trade with Persia. We sent one of our princes to Persia in order that Persia to ally with us and fight against Yemen. We declare that all of Arabia should ally and fight against Yemen.
 * Fusahito Theocracy: In response to the Chinese aggression against unarmed merchant vessels, the Emperor issuses an ulitmatum that if any Fusahito ship is destroyed or looted, the Empire will break off all trade and diplomatic channels with China. To protect Japanese interests, warships are sent to shadow particularly valuable cargos (especially those from the Spice Islands) to ensure the continuation of Imperial trade. Whilst the commanders of these ships are given orders back away from any confrontation, it is hoped that this measure will deter Chinese aggression. The Emperor gives his approval to a group of merchants, endorsed by his son-in-law the Daimyo of the Yamana clan, to explore the islands to the South, seeking to ensure a steady supply of spices and other goods in the light of increased competition from South East Asian states and the Europeans.  In the meantime, the Emperor continues to provide financial and economic support to the Hosokawa Clan and the Japanese islands to the North which have thrown off the yoke of Chinese dominance. These measures continue to draw these Japanese patriots closer to the Theocracy.  (Year Fifteen of Sixteen).
 * ​Fusahito Dip to China: The Emperor proposes a treaty with China whereby Fusahito ships are exempt from Chinese trade restrictions in return for a modest donation to the Chinese Imperial treasury. Mod response, please.
 * Hispania: With a massive string of victories in Italy breaking the nations armed forces and collapsing the government leaving only a few territories and forces left to challenge the Spanish, Queen Alexis takes this opportunity and massive morale boost and support for the kingdom of Castile by Aragon and the Castilian populace leads to the unification of the Crowns of Castile, Aragon, Navarre, and Granada into the Kingdom of Spain. Along with this, she reforms the Spanish administrations for dealing with overseas territories by creating the Empire of Hispania or alternatively, the Spanish Empire. The Spanish populace reaches about 13 million and growing thanks to the addition of the Aragonian populace. The Economy thanks to the aggressive colonialism continues to expand immensely and the Spanish economy becomes the most powerful in Europe passing the French economy by leaps and bounds with the massive influx of gold, silver and jewels contributing heavily and its administration preventing heavy inflation of the Spanish economy. The armed forces continues their push to remain the most modern and begins to build a host of new ships to replace older ones which are sold to its vassals, trade companies and other territories of the Empire. The integration of Aragon into Castile and the formation of Spain is seen as relatively popular and the now majority Spanish population shows overwhelming support for their Queen. The Queen of Spain on the direction of an advisor incorporates the title of King of Italy as an integral part of Spain as well ruling over it in a personal union in which the monarch of Spain may rule as the King of Italy in a personal union but the title may not pass to any other than the Spanish monarch. Queen Alexis begins to push towards condolidation of new territories acquired and begins to increase troop amounts in Italy, Genoa, and Savoy. Queen Alexis asks Milan and Austria to be ready in case of any wide Italian revolt.
 * Kingdom of Italy: With the fall of the previous Italian government with the monarch being killed by Spanish assasins and other heirs being killed before they fled the country leaving only medium level nobles, the Italian crown passes to Queen Alexis and is tied to the Crown of Spain. The Italian forces are immediately recruited to lightly aid Spanish coalition troops and the armed forces are expected to push 30,000 troops by the close of the decade. The Italian kingdom integrates Florence as an integral part and begins to push towards more movement towards involvement with the Spanish Trade empire and Italian trade ships begin visiting Spain en masse. The Italian army is expanded moderately with some naval ships being purchased to replace losses. Queen Alexis is accepted as queen somewhat but some Italians remain disenfranchized with the Spanish due to the way in which the Spanish seized the throne. However, the Invulnerable Spanish army discourages any from speaking their mind and most deal with the relatively benevolent rule of the Spanish. The Italian nobles discontented with the Spanish attempt to rebel as the Spanish continue to take other areas of the peninsula but a large United Noble Army is defeated by Spanish forces just outside of Rome and the nobles are publicly executed and replaced with Spaniards who are personally overviewed by Queen Alexis to verify their ability to rule over Italy with justice and maintain the peace.
 * Savoy: Savoy is taken by storm from the Italians and surrenders to Spanish forces. The Savoyan people accept their new overlords as the increased trade has left traders and many other with much much more money than they had before. The Economy thanks to trade with spain expands moderately but much is spent rebuilding Savoy from the conflict. Savoy agrees to cede portions of Territory to France due to the war and many people in Savoy are angered but powerless. The Rulers of Savoy realizing that inclusion into the Spanish empire is much better than being a target of it manage to pacify the populace and begin to rebuild raising a small force of about 10,000 to handle security and continue to wage war helping the Spanish against and remaining Italian loyalists.
 * Genoa: Now being free of Italy, but now a vassal of Spain, Genoa looks to rebuild its trade empire under the rising Spanish empire. The Genoan people and traders widely consider this to be a turning point with their people and begin to push for the mass acquisition of trade ships to rebuild their trade empire. Genoa begins to expand its military moving up to nearly 8000 troops with 5000 Spanish troops housed in Genoa. The Genoan people more than not show welcoming attitudes toward the Spanish as they have felt relatively oppressed by the Italians. However, some Genoans remain disenfranchized with the Spanish but the reputation of invincibility of the Spanish army makes any attempt at independence a far cry from possibility. These people more than not decide to find ways to live under the Spanish empire in a more prosperous way.
 * Kingdom of Morocco: The country begins the construction of various canals and cultivates trees farther inland to help increase arable farmland. The Moroccan economy continues to expand with greater trade coming from Castile and the Canaries all the way down to Capo Verde increasing the relative wealth. The Kingdom, with many canals having been completed, has vastly expanded its farmland among other things. Morocco's total population reaches one million with Christianity becoming dominant in the area. Calne-Vicuna is finished and is opened as a center for Christianity in North Africa with a library said to rival old Alexandria's. The Moroccan Assassins Guild forms and spreads keeping the peace and killing the corrupt as well as making Morocco much more peaceful for Castilian Rule. The Kingdom of Morocco officially enters into a personal union with Castile following the magistrates and princes deeming it unnecessary for the King to not have full control in the country. The Magistrates, however, are fully re-instated to continue as they were just under direction of the monarch of Castile. The Kingdom of Morocco eager to gain and even higher standing with the Spanish declare war on Italy and send 10,000 of its most experienced troops.
 * Kongo: The Kingdom begins to work toward a trade and production economy focusing on helping provide resources for Castile's burgeoning West African trade network. The King of the Kongo converting to Christianity and being baptised begins to call for the expansion of ports to the best of the Kongolese architects' abilities. The Kingdom of the Kongo in an attempt to increase economic output and trade begins to export a large amount of raw materials to Castile and begins to push toward heavy exploitation methods if possible. Kongo due to its backwardness in technology and administration puts itself in a protectorate/vassal situation in order to advance itself. The Kngolese population reaches about 850,000 and beginning to grow much more rapidly. The King of the Kongo manages to calm down the people. The Kongo itself begins to see a noticeable improvement in the way of life.
 * Mapuche: With the defeat by the Spanish a royal governor is appointed by the Castilians.  These people are immediately transferred onto available ships and throughout the year are sent up the coast via Spanish ships to a location unknown to the Mapuche. The Mapuche also continue to see major issues from European contact are given orders to isolate themselves if they are sick to prevent further expansion of the disease.  The Mapuche people begin to see the first mixed children between Spanish and Mapuche people. The Spanish institute the Ecomienda system. However, the Spanish governor, in order to keep control of the people, orders the Spanish heads of the system to treat the natives fairly in order to prevent mass deaths from overworking and resentment. Spanish farming techniques have definitely prevented starvation as the Mapuche continue to expand toward the coast building a road to connect it all. The Spanish governor, also using the local Mapuche as scouts, is able to expand much more than the Buenos Aires colony and uses this to his advantage to secure more land to be able to turn over to Spanish settlers. The Royal Governor ramps up expansion for some of the new plantation owners setting up expanding the the territory by 2500 sq km. The Mapuche Area begins to see a notable increase in Castilian settlers, mostly farmers who begin to build special areas to employ the Inca farming methods.
 * Morelia: The former Mayan kingdom is renamed Morelia by the royal governor to reflect its new Spanish culture as thousands of settlers have settled in the major cities beginning to displace the remaining Mayans which have decreased almost 75% from their original population of two million leaving barely 500,000 Mayans left. An insightful priest says that destroying the cities will result in long term resentment that could never be repaired and instead they should be made Spanish-Maya hybrid. The new Royal Governor seeing wisdom in this declares that the cities will not be ransacked and a moderate tribute of gold and silver is demanded by the Spanish. The 2000 troops remain in the country and begin to establish areas along the coast suitable for Spanish settlement. The military and economy of the Maya under Spain is developed and roads are upgraded to Spanish standards. The Spanish sponsor some colonists who wish to remove themselves from the remainder of the Indians and establish themselves on an island (OTL Havana) and name the island Cuba. (1000 sq km).
 * Kingdom of Venezia: With the establishment of the Kingdom of Venezia following the previous war and with the loss of a large portion of the fleet the Venezian people seem to believe that much can be rebuilt through utilization of the dynamically rising Spanish empire for its own benefit. The businessmen and high level economists, bankers and multiple other fully knowledgeable individuals of Venezia remaining after the war go on a trip to Spain's vibrant trade cities and after careful negotiations many of these men take over one of Spain's newest rising trade companies, the Buenos Aires trade company, with some offices based out of the Buenos Aires colony in Hesperia. The Venezians, unable to select a king from their remaining nobles, delegate to the Queen of Spain (Castile and Aragon) who chooses a man named Antonio Lo Grato to rule as Prince of Venice in place of the Queen of Spain. A well acclaimed and respected man, he immediately enacts reforms. The Venezian economy with access to the Spanish economy begins to recover and for the first time in years due to this. The Venezians begins its long road to naval recovery and begins to use its vast knowledge to begin building ships not only for itself but acquires the blueprints to improve on Spanish ships to allow for sale back to the Queen. The Venezian military is also raised to a token force of about 10,000 due to its location but remains lightly armed and unable to project power or fight any unsupported offensives. The Prince of Venezia, Antonio, begins the drift toward Spanish culture in an attempt to assimilate to a much more favorable nation than Austria, or the Kingdom of Italy.
 * Viceroyalty of New Spain: The Viceroyalty of new Spain is established with a massive amount of coastal territory secured begins to expand its major settlements seriously with Buenos Aires maintaining the most with nearly 20,000 people and growing The colony proper reaches nearly 100,000 in population seeing large amounts of Colonial immigration. The Viceroy implements the first cattle ranches (they are not modern ranches) in order to expand the food supply of the large colony. The Spanish inhabitants of the colonies form their first militia under command of a Spanish officer which is trained only to fight off native attacks. The Colony specifically expands the areas around its main settlements by 10 px and extends its borders south by 10 px intending to reach the Straits of Torez (OTL Straits of Magellan). The viceroyalty seems extremely happy with the colonial status and support its received from Castile as well as the massive re-investment for the betterment of the colony giving a huge boost to the construction of a few forts and a road system. The first ships begin to arrive from Spain African colonies bringing goods and a few slaves. Many people seemed apalled by the idea of slavery but other more opportunists buy a few hundred and start up the first few plantations based around cocoa and tobacco.
 * Cape Ferdinand: The Cape Ferdinand colony expands by 10 px  around existing settlements beginning to push towards making the area a larger more controlled area for Spanish habitation. the semi-hostile climate has left Cape Ferdinand with barely 15,000 colonists in comparison to New Spain in Hesperia. The area itself begins to show up as a trade hub. Zulu Africans in the area begin to be contacted with missionaries looking to speak to these people.
 * Natigosteg L'nu: As disease recedes again, the nation stabilizes. It is hoped that the immunity conferred by infection will prevent another major outbreak, but few hold out much optimism in this direction. The population remains stable albeit extremely young, since children are more likely to survive the disease outbreaks. Tobacco is planted of rthe first time alongside tea into Natigosteg. Traditional agriculture has been modified to include European plants and animals, so there is a food surplus this year. Ungava expands 1000 km south.
 * Sachemate of Aksimiki: Expansion onto the mainland by 1000 km happens this year as cow and reindeer herders move onto the improved grazing land to the south. Cows are beginning to acclimatize to the cold conditions, growing thicker fur and learning to dig for food underneath the snow.
 * Netherlands: William continues to promote the arts and sciences in his courts and throughout Netherlander society, as past rulers have, and he also puts a greater emphasis on the army which was somewhat neglected under the reign of his father in favor of the navy. Though funds are still provided to the navy in large sums. Development of newer military tactics continue while tweaking with the musket designs continue. After time after time a settlement is finally established along the mouth of the Amazon River. The city is named Macaba after hearing natives use the word Macapaba. trading along the coastline and exploiting the timber of the region. The settlement is small with only 30 people. However, a small number of blacks are brought in from Africa to cut would and help set it up.The Dutch traders request an audience with the Chinese Emperor to discuss possibilities of trade and opening relations. Karl begins to explore the different beliefs of the orient particularly Islam. He becomes infamous for taking on multiple lovers from both Dutch families and local girls. However, his administrative skills are undeniable, he is named the governer of Batavia. Karl also makes an inquiry if he may spend time in the royal court of Bengal. The Kingdom continues to prosper as trade and banking provide a massive influx of capital. The stocks of the East India Company continue to develop more and more as trade with the orient evolves and solidifies. Military and naval expansion continue. Dutch shipwrights start exploring new ship designs that will allow for greater mobility and firepower. More of the Roman firearms are produced by Wallon gunsmithies. Some revisions are made to the current tactics used by the Royal Army mainly due to the opportunities provided by this new firearm which proves to be superior in firing capacity and cheaper to produce. The arts and sciences continue to flourish and develop as the courts and universities of the Netherlands fund them due to the large amounts capital avaliable to the nation. The bourgoeisie and aristocracy continue to grow as does their wealth. The luxurious life style of the Netherlands continues to evolve. Great mansions, town houses and public works are built, such as the Theatre of Brussels and the Arts building of the University of Amsterdam. The major cities continue to grow and the architectural style of the buildings continue to change. Influence over Sunda and the rest of the East Indies continue to grow as Batavia grows in importance within the region following the collapse of the Thai Empire. The first Dutch building is finished in Batavia becoming the headquarters of the East India Company in the Orient. Mirza decides to leave for Éire along with his son ultimately leaving his wife and daughter with the family estate in the Netherlands.
 * Safavid Empire: We build up our military and navy. Port cities are being rebuilt. More ships are being made for our navy. Our own version of guns are being made. Farming is becoming one of the most important industries, besides blacksmithy, trading and fishing. Guns are now mass produced in our country. We continue to make more woodblock printing presses for our libraries. Prototype cannons at three feet long are continuing to be made. A trade route from our home country to Oirat is mapped out. People are now trading with each other on this trade route. Foreign exchange banks are becoming popular in our country due to the ETA (Eurasian Trade Agreement). Trade has increased due to the ETA. A new art form is continuing to be drawn. It is a mix of Safavid, Oirat and Mughal art. Our art is continuing to be popular with all of the nation around us. Trade goes well with the Dutch merchants. All slaves that come from the Oyo nation are continuing to be converted to Shi'ite Islam. We continue to trade with the Roman Empire. Trade routes to Caliphate of Mecca are continuing to be drawn on maps.
 * Khanate of Khiva: We improve our relations with the Safavid empire. We build up our military and navy. Trade routes are continuing to be map into the Safavid empire.
 * Éire (Member Nation of the UKGA):  Meanwhile, the military is built up, after the Scandinavian War, and bitterness rises against Hamburg and the HRE. The pidgin language that has been spoken in the port cities of Eire that is related to Brythenglish becomes an official language of Eire, with it being entitled "Albionic". Galway becomes the main center for Western trade and colonization. King Faolán FitzTomas FitzGerald welcomes the former Mughali Emperor Mirza and his son Brahma who both stay at the royal palace. Minor reforms are being that slowly undermine the power of the powerful nobility while giving more power to the denizens of cities and towns. Mirza is called Muiris in Éire as his name was mistaken for Maurice, while Brahma is called Brann. The Former Emperor seems to be carrying the crown of the Mughal Empire, which he received from his half-brother Raja Singh who was recently disposed of the title, but was able to, using the little power he had, send the crown to Mirza, who was in the Netherlands at the time.
 * Nuaphail: As the colony spreads, more and more settlers begin to arrive at the fledgling town of Nua Luimneach/Limerick. Composed of a diverse group of indentured servants, fortune-seekers, soldiers, missionaries, and free settlers, the vast majority are from Éire, specifically the port cities of Limerick, Tralee, and Galway, but a smattering are from other parts of Éire and even the kingdoms of Great Albion. We also begin to send single women, who are rewarded for their passage to the colony in money and other goods. Friendly relations are established with the Natigosteg L'nu, and other surrounding Mi'kmaq tribes though there are some raids, and we come to the L'nu with various trinkets and a picture of King Tomas II and one of the Éiric countryside. Due to the bounty of the surrounding area in natural resources, there is more than enough food, especially with the help of the L'nu, and the first batches of cod and lumber are exported. Missionaries of the Western Church are sent to all surrounding tribes, and we sail up the OTL St Lawrence as far as OTL Quebec City, with missionaries spreading the Faith and trinkets to native people in exchange for food and loyalties. We expand 1000 km north along the coast of the Gaspe Penninsula. 
 * Roman Empire: The Empire continues to expand its trade, and Roman and Ragusan ships begin to sail into Chinese waters in the endless pursuit of wealth and goods. Roman trade influence is now felt around the world in vastly varying degrees, but it cannot be denyed that the Romans are now trading on every known continent save Borealia. Leverlocks and galleasses continue to be produced, and some small shipments of leverlocks are sent to Roman vassals. The Imperial Navy now has a total of seven galleasses, along with one that was sold to Ragusa. With the unification of the Albanian people, the Roman government begins to consider annexing Albania, under Roman influence for some time, as a separate kingdom in the Empire, establishing what would be called an "Archonate." There is little support for such a plan at the present. Construction of a new naval facility in Cyprus continues.
 * Albania: The government integrates the infastructure of the Italian regions into the Albanian kingdom. New structures are built to replace any that were damaged. With the new regions captured the capital moves and construction on the new capital begins. New small shipyards are also commissioned.
 * Ragusa: More Italian nobles move to the Republic, although their traditional view of government is kept to a minimum, as they know they are at the mercy of the Republic. Trade continues to expand, and a small drive begins to expand the navy by a hundred ships.
 * Cyprus: The Cypriot Navy is largely disbanded this year, with half of the ships being retained by the Imperial Roman Navy and the other half going to the Ragusans. Roman and Greek law continue to inflitrate the already existing legal code, and any remaining vestiges of slavery and serfdom are abolished.
 * Korea: Korea begins to build up its military. Meanwhile, more Taoist, Neo-Confucian and Buddhist temples are built.
 * Isn't Korea a Chinese vassal and thus unable to act separately?
 * I got permission from Guns after he took over China. He said I could play as Korea. -Seiga
 * Grand Duchy of Hamburg-Mecklenburg: the army is improved, with firearms becoming more prevalent. Explorers from the Far East return, bearing tokens of their adventures. In internal affairs, the Archbishopric of Bremen is secularized, and reformed into the Duchy of Stade, with the current archbishop to become Duke. The City of Bremen is broken off from the new nation, and annexed to Hamburg as an enclave within the vassal.
 * Stade: Military and economy expanded.
 * Magdeburg: Military and economy expanded.
 * Bruchhausen: Military and economy expanded.
 * Williamsburg: Military and economy expanded.
 * Neue Lüneburg: Expands by 4 px along the coast.
 * Scandinavian Empire: Vinland is disturbed by these attacks and works to form a militia. Rifles that were used for hunting are used for defense. The defense of the colony goes well and, by the end of the year, Vinland is reclaiming bits of its farmland. The economy in Scandinavia is improved.
 * Finland: The military is expanded. We expand northward by 3500 sq km.
 * Iceland: The military is expanded
 * Schleswig: The military is expanded.
 * Vorlayacor:  Our borders expand five pixels in all available directions.  Work begins on larger, ocean-going vessels called doraks; in the meantime, sailors gain experience on routes up and down the Hesperian coast.  The road system is expanded accordingly.
 * Austria: This turn in both our nation and in all our vassals is dedicated to economy. We train and expand our military using new experience from recent wars, and grow our nation economically. In Morocco our position in Melilla is fortified. All fortifications around the region are rebuilt and manned by stationed guards in case of an attack. To protect Melilla the construction of a fortress outside the city is considered, although postponed for now. The port of Melilla is rebuilt to begin operation as a trade port and military outpost. Construction continues on a shipyard in the Melilla port to facilitate the construction and repair of friendly ships. Melilla is granted a permanent naval garrison in the city’s port. to respond to dangers in the area, and to support the small garrison on land who mans the fortifications. Our position in Morocco is fortified by reinforcements, bringing Melilla operational against attacks. For now a small fleet is stationed in its harbor, while its garrison continues to hold the north and its supply lines, supporting our Christian brethren. With much of the Muslim population of Melilla left dead after the war against Morocco, the local government attempts to entice settlers by offering large quantities of land to Christian settlers. Many Europeans, particularly of German descent and/or from central Europe begin settling the area around Melilla. With finances from Augsburg-based banking establishments, the Trieste Company continues to launch expeditions to West Africa. Abrechtburg has grown to a decently sized settlement, supporting a population of farmers, traders, and a small garrison of soldiers. The town also houses a well furbished fort, armed with a small amount of cannons intended to defend the settlement and the harbor from any attack. Built out of necessity, the port at Abrechtburg is refurbished and expanded to support more trade ships, and allied countries are welcomed to trade and stay in the town. The second largest settlement in Westenland, Dominusburg, follows suit, finishing the construction of a port similar to Abrechtburg‘s. Trade posts continue to be built and exploited, now numbering several dozen along the coast of Westenland and into allied territory. Our reliance on the Wolof becomes less so, but we sign a trade agreement with their nation to continue our positive relationship. Deals are made with the Wolof for slaves and other goods. Conversion of the natives begin around the settlement. Several bimereiches and caravels begin construction in Trieste, Melilla, Corfu, and other ports,  to further facilitate and protect overseas trade. Trade is increased with the Grand Duchy of Bavaria and other trade partners, bringing about new avenues of trade and commerce. Expeditions to the New World continue to increase trade with Spanish possessions, establishing a trade route between Westenland and colonies in the Yucatan. Trade posts in the Caribbean are expanded and grow as they become more frequently visited.
 * Tawatinsuyu: As the anti Spain riots continue, violence breaks out in Chan Chan. The military, loyal not just to the Sapa Inca but the people of the empire, is divided on the issue. Economy improves. The Sapa Inca, believing that holding the northern districts may prove difficult in the coming years, offers France the Treaty of Chan Chan (will write this later) Peru hits about 15,000 people, making it the fourth largest city in the empire. Healthy population hits about 820,000, with the immune population rising. Medical research continues, augmented by access to European medicine and research.
 * Zapoteca: Zapotecan troops patrol captured Aztec territory. The Spanish aid is greatly appreciated. The Emperor continues financing Spanish settlers to come to the kingdom and marry into the population. Trade increases and continues with the Spanish. Tlaco II expands roadways connecting cities in the alliance to help merchants and soldiers move freer between them. The military, which had been outdated for many years, continues to be upgraded. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. Naval technology is rapidly advanced under the Spanish. Tlaco II orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Itzapam continues prospering under Zapotecan rule, improving their economy immensely.
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Bavaria expands its economy. The population continues to rise. Grand Duke Franz-Albert and his council continues to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with twenty-five very large cogs being finished. We begin using an established trade route, with important stops in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany, due to a longstanding trade deal. Continuing in 1522, Franz-Albert commissions six cogs to sail around western Mediterranean coasts. The market center in Landshut continues to attract Bavarian and Venetian traders. In religious news, around 76% of the country adheres to the Western Church. Most adherents live around Munchen and Landshut. In other news, Bavaria continues implementing the Alliance and Merchant Act as well as the Militia and Navy Act. The Bavarian Court continues hosting a largely Venetian composition. However, many Bavarian families have intermingled with the Venetians, creating a distinct social class and gentry. In national news, the common courts continue to be implemented around Bavaria as several of the lower class make use it of. The serf laws begin to be used as well. Skeptics who theorized that the serf laws would mark no profound change in society begin to be proven wrong. In 1522, as many as three hundred serfs sue for their freedom. Franz-Albert begins to ponder a law that would fully abolish serfdom, seeing how it has more or less deteriorated in Bavaria. The wild unpopularity of these laws begin to wear off as well. Franz-Albert further incorporates the Collegiate Writs, allowing many more lower class men to enter college. In legal news, Franz-Albert continues implementing the Bavarian Commands. The war with Hesse has been ended, with Bavaria annexing a small section of Bremen to use as a port. Franz-Albert propositions the Hamburger Grand Duke for a land exchange. See here: Bremen Purchase. 
 * Munchen: By 1522, the total class of Queen Isabell University amounts to about 4500 men. Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. The Collegiate Writs begin to draw more men to college.
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Wurzburg: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. A religious change begins occurring in Wurzburg upon the ascension of Franz-Albert, where many more Western Christians begin inhabiting the bishopric. The clergy begins being alarmed and they fear displacement. An envoy dispatched by Franz-Albert attempts to quell their fears.
 * Thuringia: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert and Count Regent Vittorio continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Countess Elisabeth normalizes taxes in an effort to subset any rebellion.
 * Saxony: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert and Count Regent Vittorio continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Countess Elisabeth normalizes taxes in an effort to subset any rebellion.
 * Bremen Port: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Several plans for ship-building begin.
 * Bengal Sultanate: The decrease in taxes on the landed elite does its job in most areas of the Sultanate, decreasing the tax load on the peasantry and earning him their support. The tax cuts on the merchant class allow for more trade to be conducted, and a recent lax on some of the quota laws allows for more goods to be shipped from Bengal, greatly increasing trade income. Cash crops continue to be grown in large amounts. With our merchants traveling to Ava, Kamarumpa and Arakan regularly, Islam continues to grow in their areas. Most all trade roads continue to see much-needed maintenance. Due to Bengal having control over lands of multiple ethnicities and religions, literary works in the form of poems continue to take influence from all three religions of the Sultanate. Urdu, also called Hindi by some, becomes more common in the Sultanate due to the mixing of Hindu and Islamic ideals. We continue to help finance the Plutocratic State of Jaunpur, Delhi Sultanate and Bahamani Sultanate by sending gifts directly to the nobles/sultans, offering loans from powerful trade bankers, and decreasing the trade taxes over all of Bengal, allowing more of our merchant goods to travel into those states. We also raise a portion of the Sultan's personal levy and then divide it to be sent out to the states' leaders, so that they can do with them what they wish in order to maintain order in their nation. The construction of schools and universities several years ago has led to an increase in scholars and literacy in our nation. Due to the removal of trade barriers among a majority of states in the Indian League, their merchants and ours begin to travel with increased mobility and goods, thereby increasing the trade income and output in the agreeing nations. Several Bengali merchants continue to sponsor gem mines in the Mogok area of Ava, due to the high concentration of gems such as rubies, sapphires, garnets and moonstones, and the first of many mines begin to return with more sucesses. Construction of ships based upon Castilian designs, granted to us by them, continues, in order to further our efforts to explore and trade. New crops begin to enter into several plantations. (These weren't newly introduced to Bengal, they are just newly introduced to the plantations), opium and cannabis. The Sultan, and his wife, the Princess of Vijaynagar, have two children, one boy and one girl. The boy is named Illyas-Samabēta-karā  and the daughter is named Paṭabhūmi-Shah. The increasing need for an anesthetic due to many more surgeries in Bengal, simply due to an increasing population, leads opium cultivation to become very lucrative and results in many plantations including it in their crops. Cannabis becomes more popular, not simply due to its cultural history in Muslim societies, but also because of its popular use in several poetic works. The end of the Second Indian War brings about a perceived new era in Bengal, one in which peace is seen as everlasting with the lack of threats to India for a perceived eternity. The coastlands gained by Bengal from the former Mughal Empire begin to receive excessive shipments of Bengali goods, nobles, people, religion, soldiers, and ideals. The Bengali tax cuts, as well as plantations begin to take effect in the newly acquired lands. Formal relations with the released nations of Sind and Multan are hoped to be established, as well was with Kangra and Ladakh through Bengali merchants and nobles in Jaunpur and Tibet.
 * ​Emirate of Andamana: Illyas-Sasaska continues to reclaim land on the island to make room for farms, and to have timber for building both boats and houses. The Emirate expands another 500 km onto the island. The ships built by the timber from the island help contribute to Bengali trade. Continues working on economy and infrastructure.
 * Rajya of Orissa: Kapilendra Deva continues to listen to his advisers and bring about several reforms to his nation that make it more Islamic friendly, one of which is new, and calls for the creation of one mosque for each Hindu temple in the name of tolerance, when in reality, his advisers have prescribed this to bring about larger Islamic influence. The new University of Bhubanēśbara (Bhubaneswar) finishes construction and now houses several classes ranging from literature to economics.
 * Swargadeo of Kamarupa: Now vassalized by Bengal, the Swargadeo of Ahom continues to receive extensive help in creating viable farmland. They do this by continuing a process of land reclamation in the northern part of the state, which is largely marshy and thinly populated. This process of reclamation begins by using dikes, embankments and irrigation systems. The land reclamation, having been going on for decades, is extremely successful in creating viable farmland for rice, grain and other staple crops, increasing Kamarupa's population and their yearly trade output.
 * Bengali Diplomacy (Needs mod response): The Sultan of Bengal wishes to formally establish trade relations with trade rights with the new nations of Multan, Sind, Ladakh, and Kangra. We also ask if they would allow some Bengali nobility in their nation to aid with advising their freshly establish royal courts, and to improve relations through possible dynastic ties through said merchants.
 * (Accepted by mods in chat, didn't want to post yet. Going ahead to say they approved, so mods who accepted, when ya can, post below)

1523
'''In Rome, Pope Marinus V dies. In the subsequent conclave, the Tuscanian Giulio de’ Medici is elected Pope, taking the Papal name of Clement X.'''

'''Franco Gussalli Beretta, an Italian gunsmith, establishes the Beretta Gun Company in Brescia, Lombardy. The company becomes a popular gun manufacturer, producing high quality arquebus barrels and other gun components. ''' extensive Milan Cathedral. We continue training a proper standing army, utilizing Swiss mercenaries and local recruits. With border disputes now settled between the nations of Austria and Switzerland, we continue opening friendly relations with both nations in hopes of repairing our diplomatic relations and protecting our northern border. We continue constructing cogs and galleys to strengthen our navy and protect our interests on the seas. Our turn is dedicated to military in both our nation and our vassals. Wallis is declared a vassal of our nation, and we continue influencing them. We declare war on Italy to aid our Spanish allies.
 * Portugal: Continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Lenhame. By this time, the colony in Lenhame starts to export wheat to Portugal. Meanwhile, trade intensifies in the African coast. The Açores continue to be settled. Meanwhile, the naus continue to be used. Naval explorations directed to the west continue. Meanwhile, Santa Cruz expands north by 2000 sq km. Meanwhile, sugarcane, which is already cultivated in the Açores, is introduced in Santa Cruz. Meanwhile, pau-brasil (brazilwood) starts to be extracted in the colony. Meanwhile, sugarcane, that was already present in the Açores, begins to be planted in Santa Cruz. Meanwhile, the colony of São Sebastião expands 2000 sq km. Meanwhile, Teresa de Leiva gives birth to a boy, who is named Nuno. Meanwhile, Portugal accepts the Castillian offer of marrying their heir to the Infanta Isabel Manrique de Lara.
 * Safavid Empire: We build up our military and navy. Port cities are being rebuilt. More ships are being made for our navy. Our own version of guns are being made. Farming is becoming one of the most important industries, besides blacksmithy, trading and fishing. Guns are now mass produced in our country. We continue to make more woodblock printing presses for our libraries. Cannons at three feet long are being built for our military. Bigger cannons are also being built for our military. Cannon balls are made out of iron. A trade route from our home country to Oirat is mapped out. People are now trading with each other on this trade route. Foreign exchange banks are becoming popular in our country due to the ETA (Eurasian Trade Agreement). Trade has increased due to the ETA. A new art form is continuing to be drawn. It is a mix of Safavid, Oirat and Mughal art. Our art is continuing to be popular with all of the nation around us. Trade goes well with the Dutch merchants. All slaves that come from the Oyo nation are continuing to be converted to Shi'ite Islam. We continue to trade with the Roman Empire. Trade routes to Caliphate of Mecca are continuing to be drawn on maps.
 * Khanate of Khiva: We improve our relations with the Safavid empire. We build up our military and navy. Trade routes are continuing to be mapped into the Safavid empire.
 * Banche Esterno: The Duke hears of nobles who have their own ideas of running the government. The Nobles, very ignorant. Leave the colony with 500 people to go farther south. Before leaving, the nobles wreaked havoc in San Marino, and needed to be stopped. The Duke, surprised by this, messages our ally Érie to hunt down the rebel nobles who fled south for their own ways. Whereas, hearing of a gunshop by a former Italian citizen, the Duke is delighted. He sends a message offer to Franco to come set up his gun company in Banche Esterno. The explorers, on the hunt for the nobles, expand 1 px south and 9 px west. (Expansion/Colonization turn)
 * Natigosteg L'nu: As a fellow protectorate of the UKGA, we offer a trade deal.
 * Banche Esterno: The Duke would like to know what we would get if we trade with you.
 * Natigosteg L'nu: We offer furs, ivory, lumber, beef and tea.
 * Banche Esterno: The Duke accepts
 * Prussia: The Prussians begin to develop their economy. The Prussians continue to build their new navy. Prussia continues to Germanize their ethnic minorities.
 * Courland: The Curonians also continue developing their economy.
 * Estland: Estland also continues developing their economy. Duke Franz continues to reshape the face of Arensburg.
 * Hispania: With a massive string of victories in Italy breaking the nations armed forces and collapsing the government leaving only a few territories and forces left to challenge the Spanish, Queen Alexis takes this opportunity and massive morale boost and support for the kingdom of Castile by Aragon and the Castilian populace leads to the unification of the Crowns of Castile, Aragon, Navarre, and Granada into the Kingdom of Spain. Along with this, she reforms the Spanish administrations for dealing with overseas territories by creating the Empire of Hispania or alternatively, the Spanish Empire. The Spanish populace reaches about 13 million and growing thanks to the addition of the Aragonian populace. The Economy thanks to the aggressive colonialism continues to expand immensely and the Spanish economy becomes the most powerful in Europe passing the French economy by leaps and bounds with the massive influx of gold, silver and jewels contributing heavily and its administration preventing heavy inflation of the Spanish economy. The armed forces continues their push to remain the most modern and begins to build a host of new ships to replace older ones which are sold to its vassals, trade companies and other territories of the Empire. The integration of Aragon into Castile and the formation of Spain is seen as relatively popular and the now majority Spanish population shows overwhelming support for their Queen. The Queen of Spain on the direction of an advisor incorporates the title of King of Italy as an integral part of Spain as well ruling over it in a personal union in which the monarch of Spain may rule as the King of Italy in a personal union but the title may not pass to any other than the Spanish monarch. Queen Alexis begins to push towards condolidation of new territories acquired and begins to increase troop amounts in Italy, Genoa, and Savoy. Spain expresses interest in purchasing the Oyo colony just above Kongolese territory. We also express interest in warming relations between Oyo and Spain which have grown quite cold in the past decades.
 * Kingdom of Italy: With the fall of the previous Italian government with the monarch being killed by Spanish assasins and other heirs being killed before they fled the country leaving only medium level nobles, the Italian crown passes to Queen Alexis and is tied to the Crown of Spain. The Italian forces are immediately recruited to lightly aid Spanish coalition troops and the armed forces are expected to push 30,000 troops by the close of the decade. The Italian kingdom integrates Florence as an integral part and begins to push towards more movement towards involvement with the Spanish Trade empire and Italian trade ships begin visiting Spain en masse. The Italian army is expanded moderately with some naval ships being purchased to replace losses. Queen Alexis is accepted as queen somewhat but some Italians remain disenfranchized with the Spanish due to the way in which the Spanish seized the throne. However, the Invulnerable Spanish army discourages any from speaking their mind and most deal with the relatively benevolent rule of the Spanish. The Italian nobles discontented with the Spanish attempt to rebel as the Spanish continue to take other areas of the peninsula but a large United Noble Army is defeated by Spanish forces just outside of Rome and the nobles are publicly executed and replaced with Spaniards who are personally overviewed by Queen Alexis to verify their ability to rule over Italy with justice and maintain the peace.
 * Savoy: Savoy is taken by storm from the Italians and surrenders to Spanish forces. The Savoyan people accept their new overlords as the increased trade has left traders and many other with much much more money than they had before. The Economy thanks to trade with spain expands moderately but much is spent rebuilding Savoy from the conflict. Savoy agrees to cede portions of Territory to France due to the war and many people in Savoy are angered but powerless. The Rulers of Savoy realizing that inclusion into the Spanish empire is much better than being a target of it manage to pacify the populace and begin to rebuild raising a small force of about 10,000 to handle security and continue to wage war helping the Spanish against and remaining Italian loyalists.
 * Genoa: Now being free of Italy, but now a vassal of Spain, Genoa looks to rebuild its trade empire under the rising Spanish empire. The Genoan people and traders widely consider this to be a turning point with their people and begin to push for the mass acquisition of trade ships to rebuild their trade empire. Genoa begins to expand its military moving up to nearly 8000 troops with 5000 Spanish troops housed in Genoa. The Genoan people more than not show welcoming attitudes toward the Spanish as they have felt relatively oppressed by the Italians. However, some Genoans remain disenfranchized with the Spanish but the reputation of invincibility of the Spanish army makes any attempt at independence a far cry from possibility. These people more than not decide to find ways to live under the Spanish empire in a more prosperous way.
 * Kingdom of Morocco: The country begins the construction of various canals and cultivates trees farther inland to help increase arable farmland. The Moroccan economy continues to expand with greater trade coming from Castile and the Canaries all the way down to Capo Verde increasing the relative wealth. The Kingdom, with many canals having been completed, has vastly expanded its farmland among other things. Morocco's total population reaches one million with Christianity becoming dominant in the area. Calne-Vicuna is finished and is opened as a center for Christianity in North Africa with a library said to rival old Alexandria's. The Moroccan Assassins Guild forms and spreads keeping the peace and killing the corrupt as well as making Morocco much more peaceful for Castilian Rule. The Kingdom of Morocco officially enters into a personal union with Castile following the magistrates and princes deeming it unnecessary for the King to not have full control in the country. The Magistrates, however, are fully re-instated to continue as they were just under direction of the monarch of Castile. The Kingdom of Morocco eager to gain and even higher standing with the Spanish declare war on Italy and send 10,000 of its most experienced troops.
 * Kongo: The Kingdom begins to work toward a trade and production economy focusing on helping provide resources for Castile's burgeoning West African trade network. The King of the Kongo converting to Christianity and being baptised begins to call for the expansion of ports to the best of the Kongolese architects' abilities. The Kingdom of the Kongo in an attempt to increase economic output and trade begins to export a large amount of raw materials to Castile and begins to push toward heavy exploitation methods if possible. Kongo due to its backwardness in technology and administration puts itself in a protectorate/vassal situation in order to advance itself. The Kongolese population reaches about 850,000 and beginning to grow much more rapidly. The King of the Kongo manages to calm down the people. The Kongo itself begins to see a noticeable improvement in the way of life.
 * Mapuche: With the defeat by the Spanish a royal governor is appointed by the Castilians.  These people are immediately transferred onto available ships and throughout the year are sent up the coast via Spanish ships to a location unknown to the Mapuche. The Mapuche also continue to see major issues from European contact are given orders to isolate themselves if they are sick to prevent further expansion of the disease.  The Mapuche people begin to see the first mixed children between Spanish and Mapuche people. The Spanish institute the Ecomienda system. However, the Spanish governor, in order to keep control of the people, orders the Spanish heads of the system to treat the natives fairly in order to prevent mass deaths from overworking and resentment. Spanish farming techniques have definitely prevented starvation as the Mapuche continue to expand toward the coast building a road to connect it all. The Spanish governor, also using the local Mapuche as scouts, is able to expand much more than the Buenos Aires colony and uses this to his advantage to secure more land to be able to turn over to Spanish settlers. The Royal Governor ramps up expansion for some of the new plantation owners setting up expanding the the territory by 2500 sq km. The Mapuche Area begins to see a notable increase in Castilian settlers, mostly farmers who begin to build special areas to employ the Inca farming methods.
 * Morelia: The former Mayan kingdom is renamed Morelia by the royal governor to reflect its new Spanish culture as thousands of settlers have settled in the major cities beginning to displace the remaining Mayans which have decreased almost 75% from their original population of two million leaving barely 500,000 Mayans left. An insightful priest says that destroying the cities will result in long term resentment that could never be repaired and instead they should be made Spanish-Maya hybrid. The new Royal Governor seeing wisdom in this declares that the cities will not be ransacked and a moderate tribute of gold and silver is demanded by the Spanish. The 2000 troops remain in the country and begin to establish areas along the coast suitable for Spanish settlement. The military and economy of the Maya under Spain is developed and roads are upgraded to Spanish standards. The Spanish sponsor some colonists who wish to remove themselves from the remainder of the Indians and establish themselves on an island (OTL Havana) and name the island Cuba. (1000 sq km).
 * Kingdom of Venezia: With the establishment of the Kingdom of Venezia following the previous war and with the loss of a large portion of the fleet the Venezian people seem to believe that much can be rebuilt through utilization of the dynamically rising Spanish empire for its own benefit. The businessmen and high level economists, bankers and multiple other fully knowledgeable individuals of Venezia remaining after the war go on a trip to Spain's vibrant trade cities and after careful negotiations many of these men take over one of Spain's newest rising trade companies, the Buenos Aires trade company, with some offices based out of the Buenos Aires colony in Hesperia. The Venezians, unable to select a king from their remaining nobles, delegate to the Queen of Spain (Castile and Aragon) who chooses a man named Antonio Lo Grato to rule as Prince of Venice in place of the Queen of Spain. A well acclaimed and respected man, he immediately enacts reforms. The Venezian economy with access to the Spanish economy begins to recover and for the first time in years due to this. The Venezians begins its long road to naval recovery and begins to use its vast knowledge to begin building ships not only for itself but acquires the blueprints to improve on Spanish ships to allow for sale back to the Queen. The Venezian military is also raised to a token force of about 10,000 due to its location but remains lightly armed and unable to project power or fight any unsupported offensives. The Prince of Venezia, Antonio, begins the drift toward Spanish culture in an attempt to assimilate to a much more favorable nation than Austria, or the Kingdom of Italy.
 * Viceroyalty of New Spain: The Viceroyalty of new Spain is established with a massive amount of coastal territory secured begins to expand its major settlements seriously with Buenos Aires maintaining the most with nearly 20,000 people and growing The colony proper reaches nearly 100,000 in population seeing large amounts of Colonial immigration. The Viceroy implements the first cattle ranches (they are not modern ranches) in order to expand the food supply of the large colony. The Spanish inhabitants of the colonies form their first militia under command of a Spanish officer which is trained only to fight off native attacks. The Colony specifically expands the areas around its main settlements by 10 px and extends its borders south by 10 px intending to reach the Straits of Torez (OTL Straits of Magellan). The viceroyalty seems extremely happy with the colonial status and support its received from Castile as well as the massive re-investment for the betterment of the colony giving a huge boost to the construction of a few forts and a road system. The first ships begin to arrive from Spain African colonies bringing goods and a few slaves. Many people seemed apalled by the idea of slavery but other more opportunists buy a few hundred and start up the first few plantations based around cocoa and tobacco.
 * Cape Ferdinand: The Cape Ferdinand colony expands by 10 px  around existing settlements beginning to push towards making the area a larger more controlled area for Spanish habitation. the semi-hostile climate has left Cape Ferdinand with barely 15,000 colonists in comparison to New Spain in Hesperia. The area itself begins to show up as a trade hub. Zulu Africans in the area begin to be contacted with missionaries looking to speak to these people.
 * Oyo Diplomacy: Oyo is more than happy to release itself from the control over the Gabonese colony. We have ruled it out as a profitable venture, and in the spirit of co-operation and re-igniting our old friendship, we would be happy to hand it over to the Spaniards in the spirit of friendship.
 * Korea: Korea continues to build up its military. Meanwhile, more Taoist, Neo-Confucian and Buddhist temples are built. Some new harbours are also built as well.
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Bavaria expands its economy. The population continues to rise. Grand Duke Franz-Albert and his council continues to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with twenty-five very large cogs being finished. We begin using an established trade route, with important stops in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany, due to a longstanding trade deal. Continuing in 1523, Franz-Albert commissions six cogs to sail around western Mediterranean coasts. The market center in Landshut continues to attract Bavarian and Venetian traders. In religious news, around 76% of the country adheres to the Western Church. Most adherents live around Munchen and Landshut. In other news, Bavaria continues implementing the Alliance and Merchant Act as well as the Militia and Navy Act. The Bavarian Court continues hosting a largely Venetian composition. However, many Bavarian families have intermingled with the Venetians, creating a distinct social class and gentry. In national news, the common courts continue to be implemented around Bavaria as several of the lower class make use it of. The serf laws begin to be used as well. Skeptics who theorized that the serf laws would mark no profound change in society begin to be proven wrong. In 1523, as many as three hundred serfs sue for their freedom. Franz-Albert begins to ponder a law that would fully abolish serfdom, seeing how it has more or less deteriorated in Bavaria. The wild unpopularity of these laws begin to wear off as well. Franz-Albert further incorporates the Collegiate Writs, allowing many more lower class men to enter college. In legal news, Franz-Albert continues implementing the Bavarian Commands. The war with Hesse has been ended, with Bavaria annexing a small section of Bremen to use as a port. Franz-Albert propositions the Hamburger Grand Duke for a land exchange. See here: Bremen Purchase. In sad news, Franz-Albert becomes ill in the beginning of the year with what seems to be plague. He dies within the year. His son Heinrich succeeds him as Heinrich XVII. However, instead of beginning his rule, Heinrich nominates himself as the new Chancellor of the HRE for the 1525 elections, just two years away. He decrees that if he wins, his younger brother Charles will be regent.
 * Munchen: By 1523, the total class of Queen Isabell University amounts to about 4500 men. Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. The Collegiate Writs begin to draw more men to college.
 * Straubing: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert II continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Wurzburg: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. A religious change begins occurring in Wurzburg upon the ascension of Franz-Albert, where many more Western Christians begin inhabiting the bishopric. The clergy begins being alarmed and they fear displacement. An envoy dispatched by Franz-Albert attempts to quell their fears.
 * Thuringia: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert and Count Regent Vittorio continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Countess Elisabeth normalizes taxes in an effort to subset any rebellion.
 * Saxony: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert and Count Regent Vittorio continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Countess Elisabeth normalizes taxes in an effort to subset any rebellion.
 * Bremen Port: Troops authorized by Franz-Albert continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Several plans for ship-building begin.
 * I replied several years ago. -IATG
 * Hi. If you like the treaty as is, sign out. However, if you want anything changed or a compromise to be made, can you put it under discussion? -Cookie
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 875 sq km each settlement. The colonies continue growing as expected. The navy begins a huge update in order to establish a stronger control over overseas territories such as the colonies and to have further control over Africa. While this, the king seeks the French influence to grow in unexpected territories. The colony of Nouvelle Rouen continues to expand eastward by 250 px. We declare war on Italy to protect our ally Spain and to regain the regions of Provence and Anjou as well as other relatively wished territories.
 * Burgundy: Military,Economy and navy are built up.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy are built up.
 * Sardinia: Military and economy are built up.
 * Basel: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aargau: Military and economy are built up. The French presence begins to be felt. However, the attempts to establish a pro-Germanic government in order to avoid eventual uprisings, internal vassalization begins as well to fully convince German leadership.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up.
 * Trier: Military and economy are built up.
 * Julich: Military and economy are built up.
 * Zweibrucken: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aurienne: Military and economy are built up. The nation expands both west and east toward the colonies of the French.
 * Guaxirenne: The country expands southward and military and economy are built up.
 * Anjou:Military and economy are built up.
 * Vendome:Military and economy are built up.
 * Provence:Military navy and economy are built up.
 * Alencon:Military and economy are built up.
 * Narbonne:Military navy and economy are built up.
 * Avignon:Military and economy are built up.
 * The Kingdoms of Great Albion (Scotland and England) - member nation of the UKGA: Many ships are modernized and replaced to keep the Royal Albion Navy a powerful force on the high seas. Port Edmundburg continues to experience a growth in population. Albionic settlers continue to explore the surrounding areas. The dialect of English originally found in Scotland and the Eire grows so large that it covers most of the North of England. This new dialect is called Bythigish (portmanteau of Brython and English). English nobles begin to enjoy the Celtic myths of Eire and Scotland. The Templar Order continues to undercut the King's enemies and seeks ways to privately grow the power of the King and Albion as a whole. The Order buys up many smaller businesses and collectivizes some farms. The Order begins to expand into other areas of Europe, seeking to grow understanding as well as pushing Albionic ideals. Albion continues to explore farther west and south. A clockmaker from Cambridge becomes popular for his accurate timepieces and the exquisite wood housing. He creates a chime for the St Mary's Cathedral, the chimes are called the Cambridge Chimes (OTL Westminster Quarters AKA Big Ben's chime). The Chimes become so popular, other clockmakers incorporate the chimes into their clocks. The Crown Dominion of Hamburg does well this year, as an influx of trade begins to repair the wounds of several wars. The English Renaissance is born when several painters in London show off some impressive works. Trade with the Mughal Empire begins to boom. The newlywed couple enjoy their honeymoon but the princess was called back unexpectedly to Albion due to her father falling ill.
 * Calais: Military and navy are expanded.
 * Dublin: Dublin undergoes another remodel and expansion to the ports due to the massive influx of trade from Castile and Venice as well as an increased Eire trade.
 * Scotland: Expands navy and military. Pan Albion sentiments grow, Trade increases. Whiskey is traded down to central Albion.
 * Wales: Wales expands its military and navy. Cardiff becomes a large centre of trade for Wales. The Welsh appoint Adam Cyrdger as Royal Minister. The first sessions of parliament are held. Wales does not see as large a population boom as Albion or Scotland, but a minor one, centered around Cardiff and Swansea, does occur.
 * Port Edmundburg expands by 1000 sq km east. The African colonists begin looking toward mining and other ventures to generate profit.
 * New Cambridgeshire: New Cambridgeshire expands by 1000 sq km west. Colonists begin to explore around the region and begin to have a large fishing boom. The Port of New Rotham is expanded to handle excess ships from Albion and other European nations and is renamed by popular vote as New Oxford. The people of New Oxford also begin an attempt to gain knowledge of farming in Borealia from Native Peoples.
 * |onte continues to have a large surplus of grain. Though adopting "western farming", the idea of "the tribe" is still very much so alive, as people always share the crops they have grown, or the animals they have hunted amongst the community. Due to the policy of planting tree groves, desert reclamation has started taking effect in some parts of |onte. Throughout the year, Mon's children go elephant hunting, though it is very dangerous, as they are hunting them with arquebuses, and the whole process requires much co-ordination. However, the results are said to be spectacular, as the tribe gains new wealth in the collected ivory, and the elephant meat is considered a rarity. The season resulted in twenty elephants being killed, an increase due to the recently build elephant pen. |onte is rich with money made from elephant hunting, as they have nothing to spend the money on. Mon II begins teaching children in the vicinity of the Kunene how to read, causing great interest amongst children of these strange characters, that give them a new form to play. Most of the recent generation can read. However, only a few can write. Mon II continues the project that will be his life's work: the Kunene library.  |onte's population rises to over 21,000. There is a population centre that is beginning to appear around the mouth of the Kunene, and is simply referred to as Kunene. Debarubo begins to consolidate recntly acquired territories. Mon III listens to various elder concerning myths, and talks to his uncle, Mon II, concerning Chinese religions, and the "Spanish" religion. (Christianity) He studies the concepts intently.
 * County of Oldenburg: Prince Dietrich is saddened by both his wife's absence and his new father-in-law's illness. The country's infrastructure is improved. Countess Adelheid puts much emphasis on improving the forts and military roads. The OHG continues bringing in good profits, as well as paying fishermen to join the company.
 * Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: The economy expands thanks to the new church and inns.
 * Fusahito Theocracy: In response to the Chinese aggression against unarmed merchant ships, trade to the spice islands to the South is rerouted through the Ryukyu Kingdom and to the east of the island of Taiwan, whilst the Emperor continues to put pressure on his brother-in-law, the Ming Emperor, to make allowances for Fusahito ships. The group of merchants, endorsed by both the Emperor and his son, form a trade association to exploit the riches of the spice islands to the South and to explore further afield, sending emissaries to the Kingdom of Tondo to attempt to improve trade relations. Mod response, please. Five ships are sent, filled with Japanese manufactured goods, ivory and furs from the North to trade for spices. Econ turn. In the meantime, the Hosokawa Clan and the Japanese islands to the North are fully vassalised, with the Hosokawa Daimyo being made welcome at the Imperial court and given a position as an advisor to the aging Emperor. The Emperor's son's marriage to the daughter of the Uesugi Daimyo goes ahead as planned in the city of Sendai, which incidentally is offically designated the Second City of the Empire.
 * Caliphate of Mecca: We ask Egypt for an alliance. We also call countries besides to ally against Yemen. We continue to trade with the Safavid Empire. We continue to build the wall to defend ourselves. Even though the wall will be finished in 1537 or1538, we have located 250 cannons along the border. We are building our second trench, 500 meters back of the first one. It will be finished in two or three years and will be as long as the first trench, covering our whole border with Yemen. We start building military bases across our border. We send another 10,000 soldiers to the border and now there are around 50,000 troops at the border. However, the country is rebelling due to the cost of taxes. We are very frustrated now and we need help from other countries to stop the rebels. Our troops are mostly on the border of Yemen.  Besides again we ask other countries to ally with us!
 * Tawatinsuyu: The Treaty of Chan Chan is offered to the French and Spanish. Military improves. The population of Peru hits 21,000, making it the fastest growing city in the empire. Population overall stands at about 820,000 and continues to decline. Medical research continues, advancing the field. Due to the lack of regulations, human testing is not uncommon in the empire. Perparations for the mass exodus of the Chimu people from their homeland in the north begins, with the homeland set for a small trading post in the Nazca district, (OTL Ica) While the Sican people, a much smaller group, are prepared to move to a different location (OTL Nazca).
 * Scandinavian Empire: The economy flourishes as Scandinavia recovers all money lost during the Second Norse-German War. The navy is expanded as Scandinavia works hard to bolster the First and Second fleets with durable ships. Queen Elsa commissions the creation of the Winter Palace in Norway, a private retreat for her and her family. It is an era of prosperity in Scandinavia. The Vinland colony requests assistance from the Scandinavian military. In the meantime, the militia is expanded. Vinland pushes into Native American territory by 250 sq km this year.
 * Finland: The economy is expanded. Finland expands by 3500 sq km to the north this year.
 * Iceland: The economy is expanded
 * Schleswig:  The economy is expanded.
 * Grand Duchy of Hamburg-Mecklenburg: the lands see economic improvement during the year. The new Duchy of Stade continues to consolidate its rule over most of the former Archbishopric of Bremen. Explorers return to Neue Hamburg, and find the original flag planted by the first expedition: faded and torn in places, but still flying. They raise a new flag as they begin scouting the area for resources worth the effort to come back. Ludwig Viet, inventor of the wheellock, hears of Beretta's new company. Knowing he can never compete with the quality and quantity Beretta can, he decides to sell the design to people who can. Selling it for practically nothing, he's come to value money less in his older age. The design comes into the possession of two friends, investors, and gunsmiths named Johann Heckler and Adolf Koch. With one of the most advanced firearm designs on the planet available to them, they begin production under the company name "Heckler & Koch".
 * Stade: Military and economy expanded.
 * Bremen: Military and economy expanded.
 * Magdeburg: Military and economy expanded.
 * Bruchhausen: Military and economy expanded.
 * Williamsburg: Trade increases.
 * Neue Lüneburg: Trade increases.
 * Éire (Member Nation of the UKGA): The economy is primarily built up. Galway becomes the main center for Western trade and colonization. Minor reforms are being that slowly undermine the power of the powerful nobility while giving more power to the denizens of cities and towns. Although Mirza/Muiris seems to be highly interested in the lands of Éire, he also proposes the creation of a new university to King Faolán, who deems this idea useful and makes preparations for a university in Cork. However, Brahma/Brann seems to be interested in Christianity and Celtic culture as well and is placed under the tutorship of a priest who will educate him about Christianity, Celtic culture and Éiric history. King Faolán takes Lady Bree, a noblewoman hailing from Ulster as his wife. Following Albion's lead, the navy is developed in order to be prepared for further colonial expansion and similar plans.
 * Nuaphail: As the colony spreads, more and more settlers begin to arrive at the fledgling town of Nua Luimneach/Limerick. Due to the bounty of the surrounding area in natural resources, there is more than enough food, especially with the help of the L'nu, and the first batches of cod and lumber are exported. Missionaries of the Western Church are sent to all surrounding tribes, and we sail up the OTL St Lawrence as far as OTL Quebec City, with missionaries spreading the Faith and trinkets to native people in exchange for food and loyalties. We expand 1000 km into the mainland.
 * Netherlands: Cultural and scientific development continue as the money necessary for their financing are available and in ample quantities. Military and naval reforms continue while newer ship designs are made and deployment tactics are reviewed. The expansion of the University of Brussels continues. the Bourgoeisie continue grow richer and their influence also grows. commerce and banking continue to produce large amounts of funds. Public works in major cities continue, along with an improvement of the canal system. Influencing over the courts of Sunda continue and local regiments are raised from the local population. Batavia continues to grow and the Dutch population of the city also starts growing. Karl van Nassau-Orleans requests once more another meeting with the Bengali court. William and his wife Charlotte have another child - a girl named Joanna. A second settlement is set up along the Orinoco River and the settlement is called New Antwerp. The population of Macaba steadily grows as economic opportunities begin to arise. William grants a group of merchants the right to settle and exploit the land between the Orinoco and Amazon rivers to secure the areas. While initially skeptical bankers and other merchants are convinced to give the adventure a shot. These merchants form the West Indies Company. Trade with the Chinese is once more requested while trade in the rest of the orient grows. the settlement on the Maldives islands is fortified now and acts as a direct trade post with India. More African slaves are brought into the New World and are brought and sold in India and the orient with Louisville and New Friesland gaining new importance within the Netherlands trade route due to the growing need for slaves.
 * Natigosteg L'nu: As disease recedes again, the nation stabilizes. It is hoped that the immunity conferred by infection will prevent another major outbreak, but few hold out much optimism in this direction. The population remains stable albeit extremely young, since children are more likely to survive the disease outbreaks. More ocean-going ships are built, expanding trade and thus the economy. Tobacco is planted of the first time alongside tea into Natigosteg. Traditional agriculture has been modified to include European plants and animals, so there is a food surplus this year. Ungava expands 1000 km south.
 * Sachemate of Aksimiki: Expansion onto the mainland by 1000 km happens this year as cow and reindeer herders move onto the improved grazing land to the south. Cows are beginning to acclimatize to the cold conditions, growing thicker fur and learning to dig for food underneath the snow.
 * In China, the emperor - Zhu Gaochi - dies, and is replaced by his son, Zhu Houcong, who, though known for his bravery and mental prowess, is also considered somewhat cracked. On the day of his coronation, he gives his first speech to the court. Talking of China's trade and foreign relations, he criticizes the behaviour of the Ming, including his father, saying that thanks to their policies China has fallen behind in trade, riches and soon in technology. "We have made ourselves an easy target. We, who once controlled the region, now have no effect outside of it. While our neighbors grow strong, we slumber, and as they grow strong, we weaken. Noble lords, last night a dream came to me. A strange apparition appeared, and told me that my father had abused the Mandate of Heaven, and that it was my job to make things right. Today, noble lords, we strike out. I will commission a trade fleet of no less than 100 treasure ships, 300 meters in length, to be crewed by 50,000 of our nation's finest, to tour the world, a five year mission to explore, to boldly go where we have never gone before. At the same time, we will abolish these isolationist policies of my father. Never again shall we destroy trade in this Empire. All ships which were destroyed by my father's decree shall be replaced, save for those which belonged to pirates; and a new fleet shall be commissioned to hunt down these devils of the sea. Our armies shall train again, and their forces shall march, hundreds of thousands of them, together, and where they go, the gorund will shake, the skies will fall, and China will rule. It is better to rule barbarians than to be ruled by them; for one day, if we ignore them, they shall strike, and one million dogs shall overwhelm the dragon." His speech is greeted with cheers, and many of his decrees imediately put into action. Trade agreements with the Dutch are accepted. Taiwan is formally annexed unto the Empire. Our troops do train, and where they go, the ground actually does shake. Though there are some dissenters, by the end of the year, Emperor Houcong has control over his entire court, and his entire dominons. In a speech on the New Year (the Chinese one), he claims that a Golden Age of China is born.
 * Vorlayacor: Our borders expand in all available directions by six pixels.  One particularly rich Machitonis resident purchases a horse from a Roman vendor, introducing the species to Vorlayacoran domestication for the first time.  The military is slightly expanded this year; work on the doraks continues.
 * Novgorod: We continue the production of ships, cannons, muskets, advanced crossbows, swords, and composite bows, increasing our military capabilities in case of war. The nation’s training and advancement of military continues. The recent classes of Koch ships are being manufactured in Novgorod. The town of St Patriksburg’s population grows a bit more that last year. As the construction of the town improves, the Kremlin finishes, trade becoming more in demand, the town gains slightly. Because of the trade road built with Tver our economy increases. After seeing a great success with the private schools in the cities of Novgorod, St Patriksburg, Staraya Russa, and Nizhny Novgorod. We start building another private school in Rostov and Yaroslavl. We complete building private schools in Torzhok and a private school in Staraya Ladoga. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Tver: We complete the construction of the private school in Tver and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Yaroslavl, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Yaroslavl: We complete the construction of the private school in Yaroslavl and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Rostov: We completed the construction of the private school in Rostov and start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Yaroslavl, Muscovy. We dedicate this turn to military.
 * Karelia: We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to military. As fur traders and hunters begin to move into Karelia, the land becomes more settled. We are pleased that peaceful terms have been met between us and Scandinavia, and we hope to improve relations in the future.
 * Zapoteca: Zapotecan troops patrol captured Aztec territory. The Spanish aid is greatly appreciated. The Emperor continues financing Spanish settlers to come to the kingdom and marry into the population. Trade increases and continues with the Spanish. Tlaco II expands roadways connecting cities in the alliance to help merchants and soldiers move freer between them. The military, which had been outdated for many years, continues to be upgraded. The economy booms with trade as a result of the roads. Naval technology is rapidly advanced under the Spanish. Tlaco II orders more to be manufactured to bring in goods from the sea. Itzapam continues prospering under Zapotecan rule, improving their economy immensely.
 * Roman Empire: The Empire continues to expand its trade to the far corners of the world. Production of galleasses and leverlocks continues. Roads and fortifications this turn are expanded as well. The government begins to make the first government changes to accomodate the inclusion of Cyprus into the Empire. The Exarchate of Montenegro is formed from Slavic land formerly owned by Italy.
 * Albania: The government continues to work on integrating the new territories into the kingdom, as well as moving the government to its new capital.
 * Ragusa: Trade continues to expand and the Ragusan navy continues its expansion.
 * Cyprus: The kingdom continues to adopt Roman and Greek law as well as facilitate the entry of Cyprus into the Roman Empire in the near future.
 * *Natigosteg L'nu Dip: We would like to sign a trade deal.
 * Austria: This turn in both our nation and in all our vassals is dedicated to military. We train and expand our military using new experience from recent wars, and grow our nation economically. In Morocco our position in Melilla is fortified. All fortifications around the region are rebuilt and manned by stationed guards in case of an attack. To protect Melilla the construction of a fortress outside the city is considered, although postponed for now. The port of Melilla is rebuilt to begin operation as a trade port and military outpost. Construction continues on a shipyard in the Melilla port to facilitate the construction and repair of friendly ships. Melilla is granted a permanent naval garrison in the city’s port. to respond to dangers in the area, and to support the small garrison on land who mans the fortifications. Our position in Morocco is fortified by reinforcements, bringing Melilla operational against attacks. For now a small fleet is stationed in its harbor, while its garrison continues to hold the north and its supply lines, supporting our Christian brethren. With much of the Muslim population of Melilla left dead after the war against Morocco, the local government attempts to entice settlers by offering large quantities of land to Christian settlers. Many Europeans, particularly of German descent and/or from central Europe begin settling the area around Melilla. With finances from Augsburg-based banking establishments, the Trieste Company continues to launch expeditions to West Africa. Abrechtburg has grown to a decently sized settlement, supporting a population of farmers, traders, and a small garrison of soldiers. The town also houses a well furbished fort, armed with a small amount of cannons intended to defend the settlement and the harbor from any attack. Built out of necessity, the port at Abrechtburg is refurbished and expanded to support more trade ships, and allied countries are welcomed to trade and stay in the town. The second largest settlement in Westenland, Dominusburg, follows suit, finishing the construction of a port similar to Abrechtburg ‘s. Trade posts continue to be built and exploited, now numbering several dozen along the coast of Westenland and into allied territory. Our reliance on the Wolof becomes less so, but we sign a trade agreement with their nation to continue our positive relationship. Deals are made with the Wolof for slaves and other goods. Conversion of the natives begin around the settlement. Several bimereiches and caravels begin construction in Trieste, Melilla, Corfu, and other ports,  to further facilitate and protect overseas trade. Trade is increased with the Grand Duchy of Bavaria and other trade partners, bringing about new avenues of trade and commerce. Expeditions to the New World continue to increase trade with Spanish possessions, establishing a trade route between Westenland and colonies in the Yucatan. Trade posts in the Caribbean are expanded and grow as they become more frequently visited.
 * Bengal Sultanate: The decrease in taxes on the landed elite does its job in most areas of the Sultanate, decreasing the tax load on the peasantry and earning him their support. The tax cuts on the merchant class allow for more trade to be conducted, and a recent lax on some of the quota laws allows for more goods to be shipped from Bengal, greatly increasing trade income. Cash crops continue to be grown in large amounts. With our merchants traveling to Ava, Kamarumpa and Arakan regularly, Islam continues to grow in their areas. Most all trade roads continue to see much-needed maintenance. Due to Bengal having control over lands of multiple ethnicities and religions, literary works in the form of poems continue to take influence from all three religions of the Sultanate. Urdu, also called Hindi by some, becomes more common in the Sultanate due to the mixing of Hindu and Islamic ideals. We continue to help finance the Plutocratic State of Jaunpur, Delhi Sultanate and Bahamani Sultanate by sending gifts directly to the nobles/sultans, offering loans from powerful trade bankers, and decreasing the trade taxes over all of Bengal, allowing more of our merchant goods to travel into those states. We also raise a portion of the Sultan's personal levy and then divide it to be sent out to the states' leaders, so that they can do with them what they wish in order to maintain order in their nation. The construction of schools and universities several years ago has led to an increase in scholars and literacy in our nation. Due to the removal of trade barriers among a majority of states in the Indian League, their merchants and ours begin to travel with increased mobility and goods, thereby increasing the trade income and output in the agreeing nations. Several Bengali merchants continue to sponsor gem mines in the Mogok area of Ava, due to the high concentration of gems such as rubies, sapphires, garnets and moonstones, and the first of many mines begin to return with more successes. Construction of ships based upon Castilian designs, granted to us by them, continues, in order to further our efforts to explore and trade. New crops begin to enter into several plantations. (These weren't newly introduced to Bengal, they are just newly introduced to the plantations), opium and cannabis. The Sultan, and his wife, the Princess of Vijaynagar, have two children, one boy and one girl. The boy is named Illyas-Samabēta-karā  and the daughter is named Paṭabhūmi-Shah. The increasing need for an anesthetic due to many more surgeries in Bengal, simply due to an increasing population, leads opium cultivation to become very lucrative and results in many plantations including it in their crops. Cannabis becomes more popular, not simply due to its cultural history in Muslim societies, but also because of its popular use in several poetic works. The coastlands gained by Bengal from the former Mughal Empire begin to receive excessive shipments of Bengali goods, nobles, people, religion, soldiers, and ideals. The Bengali tax cuts, as well as plantations begin to take effect in the newly acquired lands. Formal relations with the released nations of Sind and Multan are established, as well was with Kangra and Ladakh through Bengali merchants and nobles in Jaunpur and Tibet, strengthening all economies.
 * ​Emirate of Andamana: Illyas-Sasaska continues to reclaim land on the island to make room for farms, and to have timber for building both boats and houses. The Emirate expands another 500 km onto the island. The ships built by the timber from the island help contribute to Bengali trade. Continues working on economy and infrastructure.
 * Rajya of Orissa: Kapilendra Deva continues to listen to his advisers and bring about several reforms to his nation that make it more Islamic friendly, one of which is new, and calls for the creation of one mosque for each Hindu temple in the name of tolerance, when in reality, his advisers have prescribed this to bring about larger Islamic influence. The new University of Bhubanēśbara (Bhubaneswar) finishes construction and now houses several classes ranging from literature to economics.
 * Swargadeo of Kamarupa: Now vassalized by Bengal, the Swargadeo of Ahom continues to receive extensive help in creating viable farmland. They do this by continuing a process of land reclamation in the northern part of the state, which is largely marshy and thinly populated. This process of reclamation begins by using dikes, embankments and irrigation systems. The land reclamation, having been going on for decades, is extremely successful in creating viable farmland for rice, grain and other staple crops, increasing Kamarupa's population and their yearly trade output.
 * Oyo Empire: Now freed of the unprofitable Gabonese colony, the Oyo explore the possibility of establishing a more profitable colony elsewhere. With the navy now an established force in the world trade-wise, the government sends out ships to begin scouting out prospective locations outside of Africa in the hopes something good might come up. The nation of Ife is incorporated into the nation of Benin, bringing the resources of both together, and ridding the empire of the cumbersome bureaucracy related to such a small state as Ife. Half of the Beninese naval forces are transferred to Mali for the establishment of its navy, seeking to create a navy for the Mali capable of trading with the rest of the world as well. The military, economy and infrastructure are expanded by the nation.
 * Benin: Benin expands its military, economy and infrastructure, as well as its navy following Oyo's moving a number of their ships into the control of the Mali.
 * Mali: Mali expands its military, economy and infrastructure seeking to prepare for its potential role in the planned colonial ventures of the empire.
 * Natigosteg L'nu: The L'nu now possess a fleet of some twenty ships capable of crossing the Atlantic. As a result, trade wih Europe increases, and the L'nu hear of the existence of a continent further to the south, called "Hafrika". The tales told by sailors of the spices, gold and elephants thrill the nation. The Kangsiquluak Company looks to bring its furs to these new markets, and seeks to increase production accordingly. Ungava expands 1000 km south into new furbearing lands. The economy improves as a result.
 * Sachemate of Aksimiki: Aksimiki expands 500 km north onto the mainland, while constructing a new building to house the offices of the Kangsiquluak Company. Chakhun arrives from the south, and is declared Sachem of Aksimiki.

1524
''' To the South of the nation of Itzapam the K'iche' Kingdom of Q'umarkaj manages to establish a centralized government over the remaining tribes of the Guatemala highlands, centered around the city of Q'umarkaj (Quiché). the nation becomes hostile to foreign nations, having been heavily affected by plague. '''

'''In the Ming dynasty the province of Henan suffers from a heavy drought. The region is deprived of harvests because of the drought, which is not expected to end until at least 1526. In some communities up to half the population dies due to starvation and many resort to cannibalism. '''


 * Ugh. Seriously, I JUST took control. Give a guy a moment, hmm?
 * As I said before you signed up, there were several Chinese events written several days ago. I warned you about them, and told you that they are not against you personally. 

'''The first reported instance of sweating sickness on continental Europe breaks out in northern Hamburg, having spread from Albion previously. '''
 * Portugal: Continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, Portuguese traders continue visiting the Castilian settlements in the Canaries. Meanwhile, wheat continues to be cultivated in Lenhame. By this time, the colony in Lenhame starts to export wheat to Portugal. Meanwhile, trade intensifies in the African coast. The Açores continue to be settled. Meanwhile, the naus continue to be used. Naval explorations directed to the west continue. Meanwhile, Santa Cruz expands north by 2000 sq km. Meanwhile, sugarcane, which is already cultivated in the Açores, is introduced in Santa Cruz. Meanwhile, pau-brasil (brazilwood) starts to be extracted in the colony. Meanwhile, sugarcane, that was already present in the Açores, begins to be planted in Santa Cruz. Meanwhile, the colony of São Sebastião expands 2000 sq km. Meanwhile, Teresa de Leiva gives birth to a boy, who is named Cristóvão. Meanwhile, Infante Garcia, born in 1520, dies.
 * Korea: Korea continues to build up its military. Meanwhile, more Taoist, Neo-Confucian and Buddhist temples are built. Some new harbours are also built as well. Korea sends some food supplies to China.
 * Fusahito Dip: The Emperor sends an envoy to the Korean court suggesting the opening up of trade relations between the two states.
 * Korean Diplomacy: Monarch Yi Yeok agrees to open up trade relations with Fusahito.
 * Ottoman Sultanate: Now ruling for four glorious years, Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, begins centralizing the nation. Sporting a more passive Islamic state. As the title: "Sword of Islam" has begun to die, the great Sultan spends his attention and focus on forming an entire rebirth to the economy, as a starting to be a large industrious empire, the land sees much economic profit. For the time being, the Sultan wishes an NAP with the Roman Empire for five-to-ten years, a deal can be made in return for something of their desire, as the nation begins to focus internally rather than externally. The great militaristic unit, the Janissary, continues to be the backbone of the force, while more cannon and gunpowder units are implemented. Textiles begin to be produced on a larger scale, as well as glass making and asphalt mining. The empire sees much reprisal as the revival of the "sick man of Islam". We begin vassalizing Karaman (One of Five) and Ramazan (One of Three).
 * Erzincan (vassal of the Ottoman Sultanate): The vassal begins a centralization period, beginning to merge into the empire, as one. The economy begins to pick up, as the the great Turkic state begins to get back on its feet.
 * Kara Koyunlu (vassal of the Ottoman Sultanate): The military is expanded, largely benefiting off the natural resources in the area to cover the debts and prices. We begin vassalizing Ak Koyunlu (One of Six).
 * Dulkadir (vassal of the Ottoman Sultanate): The vassal begins a centralization period, beginning to merge into the empire, as one. The population begins to rise, as the Turkic state prospers, the vassal proselytizes young Greeks and Romans throughout the land, whoever still remains. The infrastructure is expanded.
 * Mardin (vassal of the Ottoman Sultanate): The vassal begins a centralization period, beginning to merge into the empire, as one. The military is expanded and soldiers are sent to support the imperial Turkic capital at Bursa.
 * Ghana: Ghana has agreed with an alliance from France for trading and help in war. Ghana also starts to expand east 50 sq km in hope of no war to contend with.
 * France D: We advise the Ghana nation to work on their military and navy prior attempting expansion. The first one to assure itself in holding those territories long term, and the latter to facilitate contact with France and other European trading empires. (Military is built up).
 * Ghana R: We think that is a good idea, and scrap the plan of expansion until the military is in the strong position to expand.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 875 sq km each settlement. The colonies continue growing as expected. The navy begins a huge update in order to establish a stronger control over overseas territories such as the colonies and to have further control over Africa. While this, the king seeks the French influence to grow in unexpected territories. The colony of Nouvelle Rouen continues to expand eastward by 250 px. We declare war on Italy to protect our ally Spain and to regain the regions of Provence and Anjou as well as other relatively wished territories.The French government begins a measure to avoid the sweating disease attacking French domains, mostly by sending the infected back to their lands.
 * Burgundy: Military, economy and navy are built up.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy are built up.
 * Sardinia: Military and economy are built up.
 * Basel: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aargau: Military and economy are built up. The French presence begins to be felt. However, the attempts to establish a pro-Germanic government in order to avoid eventual uprisings, internal vassalization begins as well to fully convince German leadership.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up.
 * Trier: Military and economy are built up.
 * Julich: Military and economy are built up.
 * Zweibrucken: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aurienne: Military and economy are built up. The nation expands both west and east toward the colonies of the French.
 * Guaxirenne: The country expands southward and military and economy are built up.
 * Anjou: Military and economy are built up.
 * Vendome: Military and economy are built up.
 * Provence: Military navy and economy are built up.
 * Alencon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Narbonne: Military navy and economy are built up.
 * Avignon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Sine, for the love of God start annexing some of the French crap. It's getting ridiculous. -Feud
 * Agreed. -Swankenstane
 * Hispania: With a massive string of victories in Italy breaking the nations armed forces and collapsing the government leaving only a few territories and forces left to challenge the Spanish, Queen Alexis takes this opportunity and massive morale boost and support for the kingdom of Castile by Aragon and the Castilian populace leads to the unification of the Crowns of Castile, Aragon, Navarre, and Granada into the Kingdom of Spain. Along with this, she reforms the Spanish administrations for dealing with overseas territories by creating the Empire of Hispania or alternatively, the Spanish Empire. The Spanish populace reaches about 13 million and growing thanks to the addition of the Aragonian populace. The economy - thanks to the aggressive colonialism - continues to expand immensely and the Spanish economy becomes the most powerful in Europe passing the French economy by leaps and bounds with the massive influx of gold, silver and jewels contributing heavily and its administration preventing heavy inflation of the Spanish economy. The armed forces continues their push to remain the most modern and begins to build a host of new ships to replace older ones which are sold to its vassals, trade companies and other territories of the Empire. The integration of Aragon into Castile and the formation of Spain is seen as relatively popular and the now majority Spanish population shows overwhelming support for their Queen. The Queen of Spain on the direction of an advisor incorporates the title of King of Italy as an integral part of Spain as well ruling over it in a personal union in which the monarch of Spain may rule as the King of Italy in a personal union but the title may not pass to any other than the Spanish monarch. Queen Alexis begins to push towards consolidation of new territories acquired and begins to increase troop amounts in Italy, Genoa and Savoy. Spanish general Alejandro Cortez writes a book on Spanish military history and with this writes a detailed doctrine decribing the brilliant general Carlos's tactic of  line infantry. The General manages to get "Carolingian Infantry" a force of men five-to-seven ranks deep rotating to keep a continuous volley of fire on the enemy pushing its adoption by the Spanish Army. Influential Spanish traders from the Spanish East Indian company begin to asset economic influence over the disorganized states in the OTL Philippines (Turn One of Seven). Hispania wishes to inquire about a possible sale of land in Pegu (held by China) To Hispania for a large trade zone and for future operations. Phillip assesing the Senior Spanish line of the Habsburgs, adds various honorifics referring to gender within the Royal Family. De (Male, Senior Branch) Le (Female, Senior Branch) Di (Male, Marriage or Junior Branch.) Vi (Female, Marriage or Junior Branch)
 * Kingdom of Italy: With the fall of the previous Italian government with the monarch being killed by Spanish assasins and other heirs being killed before they fled the country leaving only medium level nobles, the Italian crown passes to Queen Alexis and is tied to the Crown of Spain. The Italian forces are immediately recruited to lightly aid Spanish coalition troops and the armed forces are expected to push 30,000 troops by the close of the decade. The Italian kingdom integrates Florence as an integral part and begins to push towards more movement towards involvement with the Spanish Trade empire and Italian trade ships begin visiting Spain en masse. The Italian army is expanded moderately with some naval ships being purchased to replace losses. Queen Alexis is accepted as queen somewhat but some Italians remain disenfranchized with the Spanish due to the way in which the Spanish seized the throne. However, the Invulnerable Spanish army discourages any from speaking their mind and most deal with the relatively benevolent rule of the Spanish.
 * Savoy: Savoy is taken by storm from the Italians and surrenders to Spanish forces. The Savoyan people accept their new overlords as the increased trade has left traders and many other with much much more money than they had before. The economy, thanks to trade with Spain, expands moderately but much is spent rebuilding Savoy from the conflict. Savoy agrees to cede portions of Territory to France due to the war and many people in Savoy are angered but powerless. The Rulers of Savoy realizing that inclusion into the Spanish empire is much better than being a target of it manage to pacify the populace and begin to rebuild raising a small force of about 10,000 to handle security and continue to wage war helping the Spanish against any remaining Italian loyalists.
 * Genoa: Now being free of Italy, but now a vassal of Spain, Genoa looks to rebuild its trade empire under the rising Spanish empire. The Genoan people and traders widely consider this to be a turning point with their people and begin to push for the mass acquisition of trade ships to rebuild their trade empire. Genoa begins to expand its military moving up to nearly 8000 troops with 5000 Spanish troops housed in Genoa. The Genoan people more than not show welcoming attitudes toward the Spanish as they have felt relatively oppressed by the Italians. However, some Genoans remain disenfranchized with the Spanish but the reputation of invincibility of the Spanish army makes any attempt at independence a far cry from possibility. These people more than not decide to find ways to live under the Spanish empire in a more prosperous way.
 * Kingdom of Morocco: The country begins the construction of various canals and cultivates trees farther inland to help increase arable farmland. The Moroccan economy continues to expand with greater trade coming from Castile and the Canaries all the way down to Capo Verde increasing the relative wealth. The Kingdom, with many canals having been completed, has vastly expanded its farmland among other things. Morocco's total population reaches one million with Christianity becoming dominant in the area. Calne-Vicuna is finished and is opened as a center for Christianity in North Africa with a library said to rival old Alexandria's. The Moroccan Assassins Guild forms and spreads keeping the peace and killing the corrupt as well as making Morocco much more peaceful for Castilian Rule. The Kingdom of Morocco officially enters into a personal union with Castile following the magistrates and princes deeming it unnecessary for the King to not have full control in the country. The Magistrates, however, are fully re-instated to continue as they were just under direction of the monarch of Castile. The Kingdom of Morocco eager to gain and even higher standing with the Spanish declare war on Italy and send 10,000 of its most experienced troops.
 * Kongo: The Kingdom begins to work toward a trade and production economy focusing on helping provide resources for Castile's burgeoning West African trade network. The King of the Kongo converting to Christianity and being baptised begins to call for the expansion of ports to the best of the Kongolese architects' abilities. The Kingdom of the Kongo in an attempt to increase economic output and trade begins to export a large amount of raw materials to Castile and begins to push toward heavy exploitation methods if possible. Kongo due to its backwardness in technology and administration puts itself in a protectorate/vassal situation in order to advance itself. The Kngolese population reaches about 850,000 and beginning to grow much more rapidly. The King of the Kongo manages to calm down the people. The Kongo itself begins to see a noticeable improvement in the way of life. Kongo Adds the Former Oyo Gabonese colony to its domain.
 * Mapuche: With the defeat by the Spanish a royal governor is appointed by the Castilians.  These people are immediately transferred onto available ships and throughout the year are sent up the coast via Spanish ships to a location unknown to the Mapuche. The Mapuche also continue to see major issues from European contact are given orders to isolate themselves if they are sick to prevent further expansion of the disease.  The Mapuche people begin to see the first mixed children between Spanish and Mapuche people. The Spanish institute the Ecomienda system. However, the Spanish governor, in order to keep control of the people, orders the Spanish heads of the system to treat the natives fairly in order to prevent mass deaths from overworking and resentment. Spanish farming techniques have definitely prevented starvation as the Mapuche continue to expand toward the coast building a road to connect it all. The Spanish governor, also using the local Mapuche as scouts, is able to expand much more than the Buenos Aires colony and uses this to his advantage to secure more land to be able to turn over to Spanish settlers. The Royal Governor ramps up expansion for some of the new plantation owners setting up expanding the the territory by 2500 sq km. The Mapuche Area begins to see a notable increase in Castilian settlers, mostly farmers who begin to build special areas to employ the Inca farming methods.
 * Morelia: The former Mayan kingdom is renamed Morelia by the royal governor to reflect its new Spanish culture as thousands of settlers have settled in the major cities beginning to displace the remaining Mayans which have decreased almost 75% from their original population of two million leaving barely 500,000 Mayans left. An insightful priest says that destroying the cities will result in long term resentment that could never be repaired and instead they should be made Spanish-Maya hybrid. The new Royal Governor seeing wisdom in this declares that the cities will not be ransacked and a moderate tribute of gold and silver is demanded by the Spanish. The 2000 troops remain in the country and begin to establish areas along the coast suitable for Spanish settlement. The military and economy of the Maya under Spain is developed and roads are upgraded to Spanish standards. The Spanish sponsor some colonists who wish to remove themselves from the remainder of the Indians and establish themselves on an island (OTL Havana) and name the island Cuba. (1000 sq km).
 * Aztecs: With full control of the Aztec now reverting to the Spanish the Spanish begin to implement their econmienda system from the mapuche in the south to the Aztec areas to extract gold and silver. Along with this many of the remaining Aztec people become infected decreasing population further. The Economy of the Aztecs becomes entirely reliant on the Spanish Empire and the military remains non-existent with areas being occupied by Zapotec and remaining Spanish forces. However, its garrison is made up of Spanish forces who are settling the territory. Almost 5000 Spaniards come to the Aztec nation. The royal governor is appointed and after conversation with Morelias governor decides eventually he will embark on a large expansion campaign up the Mexican area.
 * Kingdom of Venezia: With the establishment of the Kingdom of Venezia following the previous war and with the loss of a large portion of the fleet the Venezian people seem to believe that much can be rebuilt through utilization of the dynamically rising Spanish empire for its own benefit. The businessmen and high level economists, bankers and multiple other fully knowledgeable individuals of Venezia remaining after the war go on a trip to Spain's vibrant trade cities and after careful negotiations many of these men take over one of Spain's newest rising trade companies, the Buenos Aires trade company, with some offices based out of the Buenos Aires colony in Hesperia. The Venezians, unable to select a king from their remaining nobles, delegate to the Queen of Spain (Castile and Aragon) who chooses a man named Antonio Lo Grato to rule as Prince of Venice in place of the Queen of Spain. A well acclaimed and respected man, he immediately enacts reforms. The Venezian economy with access to the Spanish economy begins to recover and for the first time in years due to this. The Venezians begins its long road to naval recovery and begins to use its vast knowledge to begin building ships not only for itself but acquires the blueprints to improve on Spanish ships to allow for sale back to the Queen. The Venezian military is also raised to a token force of about 10,000 due to its location but remains lightly armed and unable to project power or fight any unsupported offensives. The Prince of Venezia, Antonio, begins the drift toward Spanish culture in an attempt to assimilate to a much more favorable nation than Austria, or the Kingdom of Italy.
 * Viceroyalty of New Spain: The Viceroyalty of new Spain is established with a massive amount of coastal territory secured begins to expand its major settlements seriously with Buenos Aires maintaining the most with nearly 20,000 people and growing. The colony proper reaches nearly 115,000 in population seeing large amounts of colonial immigration. The Viceroy implements the first cattle ranches (they are not modern ranches) in order to expand the food supply of the large colony. The Spanish inhabitants of the colonies form their first militia under command of a Spanish officer which is trained only to fight off native attacks. The Colony specifically expands the areas around its main settlements by 10 px and extends its borders south by 10 px intending to reach the Straits of Torez (OTL Straits of Magellan). The viceroyalty seems extremely happy with the colonial status and support its received from Castile as well as the massive re-investment for the betterment of the colony giving a huge boost to the construction of a few forts and a road system. The first ships begin to arrive from Spain African colonies bringing goods and a few slaves. Many people seemed apalled by the idea of slavery but other more opportunists buy a few hundred and start up the first few plantations based around cocoa and tobacco.
 * Cape Ferdinand: The Cape Ferdinand colony expands by 10 px  around existing settlements beginning to push towards making the area a larger more controlled area for Spanish habitation. the semi-hostile climate has left Cape Ferdinand with barely 15,000 colonists in comparison to New Spain in Hesperia. The area itself begins to show up as a trade hub. Zulu Africans in the area begin to be contacted with missionaries looking to speak to these people.
 * China agrees to allow the Spanish a small post.
 * Banche Esterno: The Duke hears of nobles who have their own ideas of running the government. The Nobles, very ignorant, leave the colony to start a new one called New Rome with 500 people to go farther south. Before leaving, the nobles wreaked havoc in San Marino, and needed to be stopped. The Duke, surprised by this, messages our ally Érie to hunt down the rebel nobles who fled south for their own ways. Whereas, hearing of a gunshop by a former Italian citizen, the Duke is delighted. He sends a message offer to Franco to come set up his gun company in Banche Esterno. The explorers, on the hunt for the nobles, expand 1 px south and 9 px west. (Expansion/Colonization turn)
 * Éiric Diplomacy: After negotiations with the nobles, an amendment to the Treaty of Cork is made which creates Nova Roma, led by a council of nobles under the protection of Éire.
 * County of Oldenburg: Following the upgrade to forts and roads last year, the army is improved. Cannon are now commonplace in the regiments. A two-ship expedition, replete with three famed game hunters, secretly sails to the Adelheid Sea (Hudson Bay) in search of fur-bearing animals. The hunters are rewarded after their three-day hunt with many many otter, beaver, elk and "exotic" pelts. These are taken back to Oldenburg to be scrutinised for quality by the OHG's highest-skilled fur experts. They are impressed with what they see. In other news, dried and fresh fish from the Northern Seas becomes an increasingly common source of food, especially in the small Northern colonies.
 * Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: The Bishop sends some skilled medical monks to Hamburg to help sufferers of the sweating sickness.
 * Fusahito Theocracy: The Emperor welcomes the Chinese reforms and the end of China's isolationist policy and with the end of raids on shipping, vessels once again use the calmer seas between Taiwan and the mainland, cutting down on travelling times to the spice islands and risk. Meanwhile, Japanese merchants arrive at the Kingdom of Tondo in an attempt to improve relations and ensure a steady supply of spices to Japan in return for ivory and furs from the North. Mod response, please. Although the Chinese threat to shipping has passed, the Emperor takes it as a wake-up call. In  an address to the Imperial Navy, the Emperor announces the expansion of the navy, with the building of larger, faster ships. No more shall our fortunes be dictated by the whims of the dragon to the west, or the cruelty of the oceans. China, whilst powerful, has grown complacent and is in decline, while we are rising out of countless years of warfare as a united and strong nation, fit to rule. However, we must remember as an island nation, we are bound by the sea to the North, the East, the South and the West. Our greatness, indeed, our very survival, depends on harnessing its power and thus controling our own destiny, not being subject to the will of others. Mil. Turn.
 * ​Howokawa province: Powers are handed over from the Daimyo to the Imperial goverrnment in Kyoto. Meanwhile, new, larger shipbuilders are built in Saijō, taking advantage of the relatively calm waters of the Inland Sea, after the Emperor's speech outlining the necessity of building up sea power. Inf. Turn.
 * Marrikuwuyanga Empire: By now, mud bricks were utilized to build homes. The wheat surplus had steadily increased which had allowed the Marrikuwuyanga to increase their population. The Marrikuwuyanga continued their trade with the Dutch East Indian Company after the Supreme Council of Twelve had allowed the Dutch to create a trade outpost [1 px] at West Timor. The Marrikuwuyangan economy was steadily growing after the shock it had faced when the Ayutthaya faced rebellion. The Marrikuwuyangan economy was the strongest in the region and hundreds of men from other tribal states would migrate to Marrikuwuyanga annually to live in better conditions. The Marrikuwuyanga deported the 1000 Ayutthaya soldiers back to their homelands after the Emperor faced pressure from the Supreme Council of Twelve. The Marrikuwuyanga now produced muskets in large number, although training in using spears was still provided. Marrikuwuyanga expand 50 px along the eastern coast. The Emperor faced with the threat of Buddhism undermining his position, started mass conversions of Buddhists to Yadaism [Yadaism is a combination of Buddhism and the worship of Emperor Yada Gulpilil], and the Supreme Council openly declared that Ayutthaya and Buddhists were demons, not celestial beings the Marrikuwuyanga had previously considered them to be and the Buddhists were now persecuted. Emperor Yada Gulpilil's son, Najashi Gulpilil reaches the age of 22. Meanwhile, the Supreme Council of Twelve plotted to assassinate the Emperor, but fearing the complete collapse of the Empire following the death of the God Emperor, they first requested the Emperor to come up with a justification as to what they would say to the people, if he (Yada Gulpilil) died.
 * Timor: The extensive work on developing Timor's navy and military had proved beneficial after the Dutch had started providing the Marrikuwuyanga with their warships for the Marrikuwuyanga to examine and build. The Marrikuwuyangan Emperor, Yada Gulpilil was worshipped by many natives and his power continued to increase over the tribes of Timor. Development of Timor's infrastructure had started with the aid of Dutch, and the construction of a major port for the Dutch to utilize too had started
 * Scandinavian Empire: Construction of the Winter Palace continues. Queen Elsa tours Albion and Eire, bringing the nations together. The Second and Third fleets are expanded militarily. Scandinavia looks to trade with Eastern Nations, sending trade requests to China, the Marrikuwuyanga Empire, Fusahito, and Korea. Military expansion this year also involves the researching of improved guns.
 * Iceland: The military expands.
 * Finland: The military expands. We expand by 3500 sq km.
 * Schleswig: The military expands.
 * Vinland: The militia expands. The main settlement is formally named New Copenhagen to the dismay of Swedish settlers. Nevertheless, the colony pushes on. It expands into native territory by 250 sq km.
 * Oyo Empire: Oyo gathers together its best ships, men and navigators, and prepares them for a journey to search for a propective location in the east, seeking to search for a land which the Oyo can colonize and profit from. To that end, a fleet of three naus vessels, seven eranko vessels, and six nlanla vessels, are assembled at the port of Lagos, and loaded with food, weapons, fresh water, and supplies for the journey ahead. The fleet of sixteen vessels is to be manned by a total crew of 2563 men; 1157 soldiers, 1250 sailors, and 156 gunners, all of whom are paided by the government to prepare the way for the Oyo colonists which are to join them in their venture. A fleet of ten unarmed nlanla vessels, crewed by 2530 men, divided into 530 sailors and 2000 colonists, shall be attached to the main fleet, bringing the total number of ships to twenty-six vessels, crewed by a total of 5093 men, women, and children in total. Additional crew such as surgeons, priests, and merchants are to join the fleet before it departs. With the blessing of Asaaju Ajani and his nobles, the fleet leaves port for its destination. At home, the Oyo gear their industry and economy toward the potential colonial ventures of the future, ramping up ship production and weapon and armor manufacturing. The military and economy are thus expanded as a result, with modest development of the infrastructure by way of port and city expansion.
 * Benin: With the blessing of the Oyo government, Benin prepares its own colonization fleet, and sends it off to another destination in the east. Plans to expand Benin's economy though trade of raw materials outside of the state are underway in Benin City. The military, economy and infrastructure are expanded by the government in hopes of preparing the nation for the new goals set forth.
 * Mali: Though it possesses a navy of its own, Mali has opted to focus on expanding its fleet first, and joining the colonial ventures of Oyo second. The development of a superior road network to help aid trade in the massive nation see some of the greatest amount of attention from the government, which has also begun building a port in the west of the nation.
 * Hesse: We begin recruiting more people for the Hessian Army. We improve the infrastructure. Grand Duke Phillip I requests to marry either a Hamburger or Oldenburger noblewoman. The saiten instrument continues to be used extensively. An alliance with Rome is requested.
 * Netherlands: Cultural and scientific development continue as the money necesary for their financing are avaliable and in ample quantities. Military and naval reforms continue while newer ship designs are made and deployment tractics are reviewed. The expansion of the University of Brussels continues. the Bourgoeisie continue grow richer and their influence also grows. commerce and banking continue to produce large amounts of funds. Public works in major cities continue, along with an improvement of the canal system. Influencing over the courts of Sunda continue and local regiments are raised from the local population. Batavia continues to grow and the Dutch population of the city also starts growing. Karl van Nassau-Orleans requests once more another meeting with the Bengali court. William and his wife Charlotte have another child - a girl named Joanna. A second settlement is set up along the Orinoco River and the settlement is called New Antwerp. The population of Macaba steadily grows as economic opportunities begin to arise. William grants a group of merchants the right to settle and exploit the land between the Orinoco and Amazon rivers to secure the areas. While initially skeptical bankers and other merchants are convinced to give the adventure a shot. These merchants form the West Indies Company. Trade with the Chinese is once more requested while trade in the rest of the orient grows. the settlemnt on the Maldives islands is fortified now and acts as a direct trade post with India. More African slaves are brought into the New World and are brought and sold in India and the orient with Louisville and New Friesland gaining new importance within the Netherlands trade route due to the growing need for slaves.
 * Grand Duchy of Hamburg-Mecklenburg: the military is improved, with large volumes of quality-made Heckler & Koch firearms arriving for service. Shipbuilding continues to prove a valuable industry, with dozens of ships commissioned into the navy or merchant fleet each year. Friedrich II hears of the sweating sickness outbreak and begins procedures to quarantine it. Osnabruck is thanked for the assistance. Anti-Albion sentiment increases, as an increasingly larger portion of the populace blames them for the disease. Nevertheless, the economy remains good. Several expeditions are sent south and west, exploring and mapping the coasts. In domestic news, the Bishopric of Magdeburg is annexed, and its 6000 man army are merged into Hamburg's. Unfortunately, there are no available Hamburger noblewomen for marriage to Phillip I of Hesse.
 * Stade: Military and economy expanded. A few private shipowners are contracted to sail west.
 * Bremen: Military and economy expanded.
 * Bruchhausen: Military and economy expanded.
 * Williamsburg: Military and economy expanded. Expands 4 px along the coast.
 * Neue Lüneburg: Military and economy expanded.
 * |onte continues to have a large surplus of grain. Though adopting "western farming", the idea of "the tribe" is still very much so alive, as people always share the crops they have grown, or the animals they have hunted amongst the community. Due to the policy of planting tree groves, desert reclamation has started taking effect in some parts of |onte. Throughout the year, Mon's children go elephant hunting, though it is very dangerous, as they are hunting them with arquebuses, and the whole process requires much co-ordination. However, the results are said to be spectacular, as the tribe gains new wealth in the collected ivory, and the elephant meat is considered a rarity. The season resulted in twenty elephants being killed, an increase due to the recently build elephant pen. |onte is rich with money made from elephant hunting, as they have nothing to spend the money on. Mon II begins teaching children in the vicinity of the Kunene how to read, causing great interest amongst children of these strange characters, that give them a new form to play. Most of the recent generation can read. However, only a few can write. Mon II continues the project that will be his life's work: the Kunene library. Mon II begins the creation of a printing pressthat is to be attached to the library. |onte's population rises to over 21,000. There is a population centre that is beginning to appear around the mouth of the Kunene, and is simply referred to as Kunene. Debarubo begins to consolidate recently acquired territories. Mon III begins compiling all the stories he has heard of the |onteli elders, and of other religions.
 * Safavid Empire: We build up our military and navy. Port cities are being rebuilt. More ships are being made for our navy. Our own version of guns are being made. Farming is becoming one of the most important industries, besides blacksmithy, trading and fishing. Guns are now mass produced in our country. We continue to make more woodblock printing presses for our libraries. Cannons at three feet long are being built for our military. Bigger cannons are also being built for our military. Cannon balls are made out of iron. A trade route from our home country to Oirat is mapped out. People are now trading with each other on this trade route. Foreign exchange banks are becoming popular in our country due to the ETA (Eurasian Trade Agreement). Trade has increased due to the ETA. A new art form is continuing to be drawn. It is a mix of Safavid, Oirat and Mughal art. Our art is continuing to be popular with all of the nation around us. Trade goes well with the Dutch merchants. All slaves that come from the Oyo nation are continuing to be converted to Shi'ite Islam. We continue to trade with the Roman Empire. Trade routes to Caliphate of Mecca are continuing to be drawn on maps.
 * Khanate of Khiva: We improve our relations with the Safavid empire. We build up our military and navy. Trade routes are continuing to be mapped into the Safavid empire.
 * Éire (Member Nation of the UKGA): The economy is primarily built up. Galway becomes the main center for Western trade and colonization. Minor reforms are being that slowly undermine the power of the powerful nobility while giving more power to the denizens of cities and towns. Construction of the University of Cork begins. Queen Bree, wife of King Faolán, gives birth to a young girl whose name is Moyra. Brann FitzMuiris Temüreigh, after the death of his father, is taken into custody of the royal court. Following Albion's lead, the navy is developed in order to be prepared for further colonial expansion and similar plans.
 * Nuaphail: As the colony spreads, more and more settlers begin to arrive at the fledgling town of Nua Luimneach/Limerick. Due to the bounty of the surrounding area in natural resources, there is more than enough food, especially with the help of the L'nu, and the first batches of cod and lumber are exported. Missionaries of the Western Church are sent to all surrounding tribes, and we sail up the OTL St Lawrence as far as OTL Quebec City, with missionaries spreading the faith and trinkets to native people in exchange for food and loyalties. We expand 1000 km into the mainland.
 * Nova Roma: The Most Serene Republic of Nova Roma is created south of Banche Esterno and expands 15 px alongside the coast. The economy expands as it trades with Éire.
 * Tawatinsuyu: The plague begins to wind down as the number of healthy people hits 800,000, though it remains in decline. Peru's population hits 24,000. Residents of Chan Chan, along with the rest of Chimu and Sican people in the areas sold to France, are relocated to their respective locations. Of the 160,000 Chimu people remaining, only 100,000 agree to abandon their homeland. Of those 100,000, 80,000 actually arrive. The trading post where they are staying is renamed the city of Chimu. The Sican are not as lucky, of the 24,000 Sican people, only 14,000 actually arrive. Economy is stimulated following the First French payment.  
 * Natigosteg L'nu: The L'nu now possess a fleet of some twenty ships capable of crossing the Atlantic. As a result, trade wih Europe increases, and the L'nu hear of the existence of a continent farther to the south, called "Hafrika". The tales told by sailors of the spices, gold and elephants thrill the nation. The Kangsiquluak Company looks to bring its furs to these new markets, and seeks to increase production accordingly. Ungava expands 1000 km south into new furbearing lands. The economy improves as a result.
 * Sachemate of Aksimiki: Aksimiki expands 500 km north onto the mainland, while constructing a new building to house the offices of the Kangsiquluak Company. Chakhun arrives from the south, and is declared Sachem of Aksimiki.
 * In China, following the failure of the harvest in Henan, Emperor Houcong takes his first constructive action as Emperor, sending massive grain harvests from surpluses elsewhere, such as the south. Meanwhile, the Emperor continues to chip away at the Chinese isolationism, stating that the choice of the Chinese is to rule or be ruled over. A slogan for his campaign against the sloth that he feels China has settled into is that "Even a Dragon may be overcome by one million dogs," and it proves to be exceptionally popular throughout the nation. The restrictions against larger trade vessels are struck down, and Chinese ports are thrown open to trade, with some restrictions - any contraband is confiscated, and all cargos searched - but the result is a massive boom in the economy, as Chinese silk and porcelain spreads through the region. This results in a massive buildup of gold and silver in the nation, but to prevent inflation, the Emperor and his advisors use it all extremely efficiently to build new ships, raise new armies, and equip them with state-of-the-art equipment. The regulations are unpopular, but the riches they bring in are obvious, and slowly, the populace begins to turn over to the Emperor's side. In a speech to his court, he claims that the barbarians are not to be trusted. When questioned by a more disloyal courtier as to why, then, he replies "Was it not Sun Tzu who said 'Keep your friends close, and your enemies closer?'". The response proves to be extremely popular, and the courtier is killed a week later in an accident. With the gold from the trade barriers, more wheat and suchlike is purchased and sent to feed the people in Henan. Dozens of new naval ships and commissioned, including five gigantic Warvaunts, 200 meters from end to end, bristling with giant guns ten meters in length. These ships are sent to patrol Chinese waters. The expedition sent out last year makes contact with the Spanish at Cape Ferdinand. They are well impressed by the minor gifts of gold, marble, porcelain, flamingos, peacock feathers, and silk. All vassals expand their militaries. The Emperor orders new palaces to be built in both capitals - Nanjing and Beijing. They are to be made entirely of marble, gold and other precious metals.
 * And before I get complaints about me shifting millions of tons of crops across China, allow me to point out that I've got this awesome thing called the "Grand Canal", the largest canal in the world, stretching thousands of miles. Here are two sources that back me up on the crop yields and freightage: surpluses in Ming China&f=false [1] and surpluses in Ming China&f=false [2]
 * In the Tartary, the population grows. The French delegation is received. The news of a New World and the proof of the Aureannic existence through its delegation intrigue Alexander Khan, and he begins to wonder whether these lands can be reached by land through the East. He requests some Aureannics stay behind in the Tartary to be studied in Court, and for the French to bring more of them to begin a small colony of them in the area. The economy continues to grow, with cities growing and the population doing so as well. Traders and production in the region begin booming. Minerals are discovered around the Urals, to the east of the nation. The nation begins expanding eastward into the Yamal, especially around the northern Urals, brought forth by prospecting for minerals, by 5000 sq km. The military is developed. Khiva continues to be influenced at a great importance. Relations are improved with Hungary and Rome.
 * ​Adyghea: Begins to grow more closely aligned with the Tartary itself. The population grows, accomodating Alans and Tatars leaving Crimea. The economy also does, as do the vantage positions on the Caucasus. A mild Chechen revolt erupts to the east of the nation.
 * Great Perm: Also begins to grow more dependent on the Tartary. The ruble continues spreading throughout North Asia, now becoming the primary method of trade in the Tartary, Adyghea, Kazakhstan, and to a lesser degree the Central Asian states. The military also grows, with modernisation occurring.
 * Kazakhstan: Continues to modernise. Centralisation continues to occur, with ulus and warlords being defeated quickly by the Manghud governors in the name of the Tartary. The economy grows because of increased centralisation, as cotton and apples begin to be produced rapidly in the region.
 * Azov: Continues construction of Özu-Cale. The main fort, now named Iskander-Hisar (or Alexander-Kremlin) continues construction. The port begins to grow with the town now having around 300 inhabitants and the first few shipfuls of grain leaving down the Dneiper, easier for transportation. Other cities continue to grow.
 * Grand Duchy of Bavaria: Bavaria expands its economy. The population continues to rise. Grand Duke Heinrich XVII and his council continues to allow the training of new troops. Several markets are constructed in Landshut as well as trade houses for Austrian and Castilian traders. In Austria, several new ships begin being constructed, with twenty-five very large cogs being finished. We begin using an established trade route, with important stops in the trade route include Rome, Athens, Constantinople, Gibraltar, and the coasts of Brittany, due to a longstanding trade deal. Continuing in 1524, Heinrich commissions six cogs to sail around western Mediterranean coasts. The market center in Landshut continues to attract Bavarian and Venetian traders. In religious news, around 76% of the country adheres to the Western Church. Most adherents live around Munchen and Landshut. In other news, Bavaria continues implementing the Alliance and Merchant Act as well as the Militia and Navy Act. The Bavarian Court continues hosting a largely Venetian composition. However, many Bavarian families have intermingled with the Venetians, creating a distinct social class and gentry. In national news, the common courts continue to be implemented around Bavaria as several of the lower class make use it of. The serf laws begin to be used as well. Skeptics who theorized that the serf laws would mark no profound change in society begin to be proven wrong. In 1524, as many as three hundred serfs sue for their freedom. Heinrich begins to ponder a law that would fully abolish serfdom, seeing how it has more or less deteriorated in Bavaria. The wild unpopularity of these laws begin to wear off as well. Heinrich further incorporates the Collegiate Writs, allowing many more lower class men to enter college. In legal news, Heinrich continues implementing the Bavarian Commands. The war with Hesse has been ended, with Bavaria annexing a small section of Bremen to use as a port. Heinrich propositions the Hamburger Grand Duke for a land exchange. See here: Bremen Purchase. In sad news, Franz-Albert becomes ill in the beginning of the year with what seems to be plague. He dies within the year. Instead of beginning his rule, Heinrich nominates himself as the new Chancellor of the HRE for the 1525 elections, just one year away. He decrees that if he wins, his younger brother Charles will be regent.
 * Munchen: By 1524, the total class of Queen Isabell University amounts to about 4500 men. Troops authorized by Heinrich continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. The Collegiate Writs begin to draw more men to college.
 * Straubing:  Troops authorized by Heinrich continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Ingolstadt: Troops authorized by Heinrich continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burgau: Troops authorized by Heinrich continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Nurnburg: Troops authorized by Heinrich continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Burggrafschaft: Troops authorized by Heinrich continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Bamberg: Troops authorized by Heinrich continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Wurzburg: Troops authorized by Heinrich continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. A religious change begins occurring in Wurzburg upon the ascension of Franz-Albert, where many more Western Christians begin inhabiting the bishopric. The clergy begins being alarmed and they fear displacement. An envoy dispatched by Franz-Albert attempts to quell their fears.
 * Thuringia: Troops authorized by Heinrich and Countess Elisabeth continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Countess Elisabeth normalizes taxes in an effort to subset any rebellion.
 * Saxony: Troops authorized by Heinrich and Countess Elisabeth continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders. Countess Elisabeth normalizes taxes in an effort to subset any rebellion.
 * Bremen Port: Troops authorized by Heinrich continue training. Several markets are constructed as well as trade houses for European traders.
 * Austria: This turn in both our nation and in all our vassals is dedicated to economy. We train and expand our military using new experience from recent wars, and grow our nation economically. In Morocco our position in Melilla is fortified. All fortifications around the region are rebuilt and manned by stationed guards in case of an attack. To protect Melilla the construction of a fortress outside the city is considered, although postponed for now. The port of Melilla is rebuilt to begin operation as a trade port and military outpost. Construction continues on a shipyard in the Melilla port to facilitate the construction and repair of friendly ships. Melilla is granted a permanent naval garrison in the city’s port. to respond to dangers in the area, and to support the small garrison on land who mans the fortifications. Our position in Morocco is fortified by re-inforcements, bringing Melilla operational against attacks. For now a small fleet is stationed in its harbor, while its garrison continues to hold the north and its supply lines, supporting our Christian brethren. With much of the Muslim population of Melilla left dead after the war against Morocco, the local government attempts to entice settlers by offering large quantities of land to Christian settlers. Many Europeans, particularly of German descent and/or from central Europe begin settling the area around Melilla. With finances from Augsburg-based banking establishments, the Trieste Company continues to launch expeditions to West Africa. Abrechtburg has grown to a decently sized settlement, supporting a population of farmers, traders, and a small garrison of soldiers. The town also houses a well furbished fort, armed with a small amount of cannons intended to defend the settlement and the harbor from any attack. Built out of necessity, the port at Abrechtburg is refurbished and expanded to support more trade ships, and allied countries are welcomed to trade and stay in the town. The second largest settlement in Westenland, Dominusburg, follows suit, finishing the construction of a port similar to Abrechtburg's. Trade posts continue to be built and exploited, now numbering several dozen along the coast of Westenland and into allied territory. Our reliance on the Wolof becomes less so, but we sign a trade agreement with their nation to continue our positive relationship. Deals are made with the Wolof for slaves and other goods. Conversion of the natives begin around the settlement. Several bimereiches and caravels begin construction in Trieste, Melilla, Corfu, and other ports,  to further facilitate and protect overseas trade. Trade is increased with the Grand Duchy of Bavaria and other trade partners, bringing about new avenues of trade and commerce. Expeditions to the New World continue to increase trade with Spanish possessions, establishing a trade route between Westenland and colonies in the Yucatan. Trade posts in the Caribbean are expanded and grow as they become more frequently visited.
 * Lombardy: Work continues on the Certosa di Pavia, the Castle Visconteo, and on the extensive Milan Cathedral. We continue training a proper standing army, utilizing Swiss mercenaries and local recruits. With border disputes now settled between the nations of Austria and Switzerland, we continue opening friendly relations with both nations in hopes of repairing our diplomatic relations and protecting our northern border. We continue constructing cogs and galleys to strengthen our navy and protect our interests on the seas. Our turn is dedicated to economy in both our nation and our vassals. Wallis is declared a vassal of our nation, and we continue influencing them. We declare war on Italy to aid our Spanish allies.
 * Novgorod: We continue the production of ships, cannons, muskets, advanced crossbows, swords, and composite bows, increasing our military capabilities in case of war. The nation’s training and advancement of military continues. The recent classes of Koch ships are being manufactured in Novgorod. The town of St Patriksburg’s population grows a bit more that last year. As the construction of the town improves, the Kremlin finishes, trade becoming more in demand, the town gains slightly. Because of the trade road built with Tver our economy increases. After seeing a great success with the private schools in the cities of Novgorod, St Patriksburg, Staraya Russa, and Nizhny Novgorod. We start building another private school in Rostov and Yaroslavl. We complete building private schools in Torzhok and a private school in Staraya Ladoga. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Tver: We complete the construction of the private school in Tver and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Yaroslavl, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Yaroslavl: We complete the construction of the private school in Yaroslavl and we start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Rostov: We completed the construction of the private school in Rostov and start the new one. We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Yaroslavl, Muscovy. We dedicate this turn to economy.
 * Karelia: We expand our economy because of the trade established between Tver, Rostov, Muscovy and Novgorod. We dedicate this turn to economy. As fur traders and hunters begin to move into Karelia, the land becomes more settled. We are pleased that peaceful terms have been met between us and Scandinavia, and we hope to improve relations in the future.
 * Pskov gets more money from some sales of firearms throughout Europe, and give more to Poland for a "discount" price in exchange for a bit more loans to help fund their military actions against Hungary. In any case, Pskov's GDP slightly improves, as more and more weaponsmiths being tutored in the design are popping up all over the city. The shipyards in Nizhnigorodsk-Na-Narve have more business than usual, as more merchants wat their own little navy. Pskov uses its influence in Scandinavia to set up more banks. Meanwhile, certain people (namely military strategists) suggest that it would be wise to have all muskets utilized by the Pskovian Streltsy forces be of the same calibre, so that soldiers may exchange bullets without harm. This seems like a very good idea by the current prince, who was first and foremost a military commander, and brings the issue up to the Veche, but the notion is struck down because of the fact that the weaponsmiths who did not want the govermenet to restrict their "art" of musketsmithing. A mere month later, the Knyaz of Pskov tragically dies after catching a mysterious illness. The Veche is called and a week later, and after much deliberation,  is given the postumous title "the diplomat" for his trade deals that allowed Pskov to trade and establish banks in Scandinavia after the Second Norse war, his role in the shaping of the treaty of Moscow and his dealings with a newly independant Poland. Ilya Romanovich Shuiski, descendant of Knyaz Afanasiy the Liberator, and The Posadnik from 1519-1523, is chosen as his successor, and given the title Ilya Romanovich Shuiskiy, by the grace of the people and Veche Knyaz of Pskov and Head of its Armies, Confidante to the Tsar of All the Russias, and Head of His Royal Mint.
 * Bengal Sultanate: The decrease in taxes on the landed elite does its job in most areas of the Sultanate, decreasing the tax load on the peasantry and earning him their support. The tax cuts on the merchant class allow for more trade to be conducted, and a recent lax on some of the quota laws allows for more goods to be shipped from Bengal, greatly increasing trade income. Cash crops continue to be grown in large amounts. With our merchants traveling to Ava, Kamarumpa and Arakan regularly, Islam continues to grow in their areas. Most all trade roads continue to see much-needed maintenance. Due to Bengal having control over lands of multiple ethnicities and religions, literary works in the form of poems continue to take influence from all three religions of the Sultanate. Urdu, also called Hindi by some, becomes more common in the Sultanate due to the mixing of Hindu and Islamic ideals. We continue to help finance the Plutocratic State of Jaunpur, Delhi Sultanate and Bahamani Sultanate by sending gifts directly to the nobles/sultans, offering loans from powerful trade bankers, and decreasing the trade taxes over all of Bengal, allowing more of our merchant goods to travel into those states. We also raise a portion of the Sultan's personal levy and then divide it to be sent out to the states' leaders, so that they can do with them what they wish in order to maintain order in their nation. The construction of schools and universities several years ago has led to an increase in scholars and literacy in our nation. Due to the removal of trade barriers among a majority of states in the Indian League, their merchants and ours begin to travel with increased mobility and goods, thereby increasing the trade income and output in the agreeing nations. Several Bengali merchants continue to sponsor gem mines in the Mogok area of Ava, due to the high concentration of gems such as rubies, sapphires, garnets and moonstones, and the first of many mines begin to return with more sucesses. Construction of ships based upon Castilian designs, granted to us by them, continues, in order to further our efforts to explore and trade. New crops begin to enter into several plantations. (These weren't newly introduced to Bengal, they are just newly introduced to the plantations), opium and cannabis. The Sultan, and his wife, the Princess of Vijaynagar, have two children, one boy and one girl. The boy is named Illyas-Samabēta-karā  and the daughter is named Paṭabhūmi-Shah. The increasing need for an anesthetic due to many more surgeries in Bengal, simply due to an increasing population, leads opium cultivation to become very lucrative and results in many plantations including it in their crops. Cannabis becomes more popular, not simply due to its cultural history in Muslim societies, but also because of its popular use in several poetic works. The coastlands gained by Bengal from the former Mughal Empire begin to receive excessive shipments of Bengali goods, nobles, people, religion, soldiers, and ideals. The Bengali tax cuts, as well as plantations begin to take effect in the newly acquired lands. Formal relations with the released nations of Sind and Multan are established, as well was with Kangra and Ladakh through Bengali merchants and nobles in Jaunpur and Tibet, strengthening all economies.
 * ​Emirate of Andamana: Illyas-Sasaska continues to reclaim land on the island to make room for farms, and to have timber for building both boats and houses. The Emirate expands another 500 km onto the island. The ships built by the timber from the island help contribute to Bengali trade. Continues working on economy and infrastructure.
 * Rajya of Orissa: Kapilendra Deva continues to listen to his advisers and bring about several reforms to his nation that make it more Islamic friendly, one of which is new, and calls for the creation of one mosque for each Hindu temple in the name of tolerance, when in reality, his advisers have prescribed this to bring about larger Islamic influence. The new University of Bhubanēśbara (Bhubaneswar) finishes construction and now houses several classes ranging from literature to economics.
 * Swargadeo of Kamarupa: Now vassalized by Bengal, the Swargadeo of Ahom continues to receive extensive help in creating viable farmland. They do this by continuing a process of land reclamation in the northern part of the state, which is largely marshy and thinly populated. This process of reclamation begins by using dikes, embankments and irrigation systems. The land reclamation, having been going on for decades, is extremely successful in creating viable farmland for rice, grain and other staple crops, increasing Kamarupa's population and their yearly trade output.
 * Prussia: The Prussians begin to develop their economy. The Prussians continue to build their new navy. Prussia continues to Germanize their ethnic minorities.
 * Courland: The Curonians also continue developing their economy.
 * Estland: Estland also continues developing their economy. Duke Franz continues to reshape the face of Arensburg.
 * Courland: The Curonians also continue developing their economy.
 * Estland: Estland also continues developing their economy. Duke Franz continues to reshape the face of Arensburg.

1525
The word “spatula” comes into common use in Albion to describe a small implement with a broad, flat, flexible blade used to mix, spread and lift materials.

A German magician and occultist writer publishes the Declamatio de nobilitate et praecellentia foeminei sexus ("Declamation on the Nobility and Preeminence of the Female Sex"), a book pronouncing the theological and moral superiority of women.

'''Polish Rebels being bankrolled by Pskov begin to terrorize the Hungarian lands and vassals running various hit and run raids decreasing the morale of people in these areas. '''
 * Portugal: Continues a notable buildup in military strength and allows for a vigorous training program on the existing military forces attempting to train them up heavily. Meanwhile, the administration continues to be reformed, and agriculture and commerce are encouraged. Meanwhile, Portugal continues to develop its navy. Meanwhile, the colony in Lenhame continues exporting wheat to Portugal. Meanwhile, trade intensifies in the African coast. The Açores continue to be settled. Meanwhile, the naus continue to be used. Naval explorations directed to the west continue. Meanwhile, Santa Cruz expands north by 2000 sq km. Meanwhile, sugarcane continues to be planted in Santa Cruz. Meanwhile, pau-brasil (brazilwood) starts to be extracted in the colony. Meanwhile, the colony of São Sebastião expands 2000 sq km. Meanwhile Queen Urraca dies, and is succeeded by her son, Afonso, who is crowned King of Portugal and Algarves as Afonso VII.
 * Korea: Korea continues to build up its military. Meanwhile, more Taoist, Neo-Confucian and Buddhist temples are built. Some new harbours are also built as well along with ships.
 * |onte continues to have a large surplus of grain. Though adopting "western farming", the idea of "the tribe" is still very much so alive, as people always share the crops they have grown, or the animals they have hunted amongst the community. Due to the policy of planting tree groves, desert reclamation has started taking effect in some parts of |onte. Throughout the year, Mon's children go elephant hunting, though it is very dangerous, as they are hunting them with arquebuses, and the whole process requires much co-ordination. However, the results are said to be spectacular, as the tribe gains new wealth in the collected ivory, and the elephant meat is considered a rarity. The season resulted in twenty elephants being killed, an increase due to the recently build elephant pen. |onte is rich with money made from elephant hunting, as they have nothing to spend the money on. Mon II begins teaching children in the vicinity of the Kunene how to read, causing great interest amongst children of these strange characters, that give them a new form to play. Most of the recent generation can read. However, only a few can write. Mon II continues the project that will be his life's work: the Kunene library. Mon II begins the creation of a printing pressthat is to be attached to the library. |onte's population rises to over 21,000. There is a population centre that is beginning to appear around the mouth of the Kunene, and is simply referred to as Kunene. Debarubo begins to consolidate recently acquired territories. Mon III begins combining the many narratives heard into one coherent story, called the Sahaka.
 * Uesugi: Uesugi Tjali becomes daimyo of the Uesugi clan. Now stated building up its military and makes a lot of rice farming. Meanwhile, Shinto temples are built to fair our belonged character Minty Sakura.
 * Ghana: Ghana continues to build on their military. Meanwhile, we have started to build our first harbour in Cape Coast with hope of trading with the French in action, in four years time. At the end of the year, coca bean numbers are the lowest that they have been for five years.
 * The Kingdoms of Great Albion (Scotland and England) - member nation of the UKGA: Many ships are modernized and replaced to keep the Royal Albion Navy a powerful force on the high seas. Port Edmundburg continues to experience a growth in population. Albionic settlers continue to explore the surrounding areas. The dialect of English originally found in Scotland and the Eire grows so large that it covers most of the North of England. This new dialect is called Bythigish (portmanteau of Brython and English). English nobles begin to enjoy the Celtic myths of Eire and Scotland. The Templar Order continues to undercut the King's enemies and seeks ways to privately grow the power of the King and Albion as a whole. The Order buys up many smaller businesses and collectivizes some farms. The Order begins to expand into other areas of Europe, seeking to grow understanding as well as pushing Albionic ideals. Albion continues to explore farther west and south. A clockmaker from Cambridge becomes popular for his accurate timepieces and the exquisite wood housing. He creates a chime for the St Mary's Cathedral, the chimes are called the Cambridge Chimes (OTL Westminster Quarters AKA Big Ben's chime). The Chimes become so popular, other clockmakers incorporate the chimes into their clocks. The Crown Dominion of Hamburg does well this year, as an influx of trade begins to repair the wounds of several wars. The English Renaissance is born when several painters in London show off some impressive works. The pocket watch is invented by Peter Royce. James Graff invents the use of etching. King James' health continues to fail. Princess Jacqueline is in constant travel between Oldenburg and Albion as his health continues to deteriorate. Having no male heir, if the King dies, the crown will pass to Prince Dietrich and Princess Jacqueline, marking the first time in a century that a foriegn house is royalty. Many nobles do not sit well with the idea. Tensions build.
 * Calais: Military and navy are expanded.
 * Dublin: Dublin undergoes another remodel and expansion to the ports due to the massive influx of trade from Castile and Venice as well as an increased Eire trade.
 * Scotland: Expands navy and military. Pan Albion sentiments grow, Trade increases. Whiskey is traded down to central Albion.
 * Wales: Wales expands its military and navy. Cardiff becomes a large centre of trade for Wales. The Welsh appoint Adam Cyrdger as Royal Minister. The first sessions of parliament are held. Wales does not see as large a population boom as Albion or Scotland, but a minor one, centered around Cardiff and Swansea, does occur.
 * Port Edmundburg expands by 1000 sq km east. The African colonists begin looking toward mining and other ventures to generate profit.
 * New Cambridgeshire: New Cambridgeshire expands by 1000 sq km west. Colonists begin to explore around the region and begin to have a large fishing boom. The Port of New Rotham is expanded to handle excess ships from Albion and other European nations and is renamed by popular vote as New Oxford. The people of New Oxford also begin an attempt to gain knowledge of farming in Borealia from Native Peoples.
 * Prussia: The Prussians begin to develop their economy. The Prussians continue to build their new navy. Prussia continues to Germanize their ethnic minorities.
 * Courland: The Curonians also continue developing their economy.
 * Estland: Estland also continues developing their economy. Duke Franz continues to reshape the face of Arensburg.
 * Hispania: With a massive string of victories in Italy breaking the nations armed forces and collapsing the government leaving only a few territories and forces left to challenge the Spanish, Queen Alexis takes this opportunity and massive morale boost and support for the kingdom of Castile by Aragon and the Castilian populace leads to the unification of the Crowns of Castile, Aragon, Navarre, and Granada into the Kingdom of Spain. Along with this, she reforms the Spanish administrations for dealing with overseas territories by creating the Empire of Hispania or alternatively, the Spanish Empire. The Spanish populace reaches about 13 million and growing thanks to the addition of the Aragonian populace. The Economy thanks to the aggressive colonialism continues to expand immensely and the Spanish economy becomes the most powerful in Europe passing the French economy by leaps and bounds with the massive influx of gold, silver and jewels contributing heavily and its administration preventing heavy inflation of the Spanish economy. The armed forces continues their push to remain the most modern and begins to build a host of new ships to replace older ones which are sold to its vassals, trade companies and other territories of the Empire. The integration of Aragon into Castile and the formation of Spain is seen as relatively popular and the now majority Spanish population shows overwhelming support for their Queen. The Queen of Spain on the direction of an advisor incorporates the title of King of Italy as an integral part of Spain as well ruling over it in a personal union in which the monarch of Spain may rule as the King of Italy in a personal union but the title may not pass to any other than the Spanish monarch. Queen Alexis begins to push towards consolidation of new territories acquired and begins to increase troop amounts in Italy, Genoa and Savoy. Spanish general Alejandro Cortez writes a book on Spanish military history and with this writes a detailed doctrine decribing the brilliant general Carlos's tactic of  line infantry. The General manages to get "Carolingian Infantry" a force of men five-to-seven ranks deep rotating to keep a continuous volley of fire on the enemy pushing its adoption by the Spanish Army. Influential Spanish traders from the Spanish East Indian company begin to asset economic influence over the disorganized states in the OTL Philippines (Turn Two of Seven).
 * Kingdom of Italy: With the fall of the previous Italian government with the monarch being killed by Spanish assasins and other heirs being killed before they fled the country leaving only medium level nobles, the Italian crown passes to Queen Alexis and is tied to the Crown of Spain. The Italian forces are immediately recruited to lightly aid Spanish coalition troops and the armed forces are expected to push 30,000 troops by the close of the decade. The Italian kingdom integrates Florence as an integral part and begins to push towards more movement towards involvement with the Spanish Trade empire and Italian trade ships begin visiting Spain en masse. The Italian army is expanded moderately with some naval ships being purchased to replace losses. Queen Alexis is accepted as queen somewhat but some Italians remain disenfranchized with the Spanish due to the way in which the Spanish seized the throne. However, the Invulnerable Spanish army discourages any from speaking their mind and most deal with the relatively benevolent rule of the Spanish.
 * Savoy: Savoy is taken by storm from the Italians and surrenders to Spanish forces. The Savoyan people accept their new overlords as the increased trade has left traders and many other with much much more money than they had before. The economy, thanks to trade with Spain, expands moderately but much is spent rebuilding Savoy from the conflict. Savoy agrees to cede portions of Territory to France due to the war and many people in Savoy are angered but powerless. The Rulers of Savoy realizing that inclusion into the Spanish empire is much better than being a target of it manage to pacify the populace and begin to rebuild raising a small force of about 10,000 to handle security and continue to wage war helping the Spanish against and remaining Italian loyalists.
 * Genoa: Now being free of Italy, but now a vassal of Spain, Genoa looks to rebuild its trade empire under the rising Spanish empire. The Genoan people and traders widely consider this to be a turning point with their people and begin to push for the mass acquisition of trade ships to rebuild their trade empire. Genoa begins to expand its military moving up to nearly 8000 troops with 5000 Spanish troops housed in Genoa. The Genoan people more than not show welcoming attitudes toward the Spanish as they have felt relatively oppressed by the Italians. However, some Genoans remain disenfranchized with the Spanish but the reputation of invincibility of the Spanish army makes any attempt at independence a far cry from possibility. These people more than not decide to find ways to live under the Spanish empire in a more prosperous way.
 * Kingdom of Morocco: The country begins the construction of various canals and cultivates trees farther inland to help increase arable farmland. The Moroccan economy continues to expand with greater trade coming from Castile and the Canaries all the way down to Capo Verde increasing the relative wealth. The Kingdom, with many canals having been completed, has vastly expanded its farmland among other things. Morocco's total population reaches one million with Christianity becoming dominant in the area. Calne-Vicuna is finished and is opened as a center for Christianity in North Africa with a library said to rival old Alexandria's. The Moroccan Assassins Guild forms and spreads keeping the peace and killing the corrupt as well as making Morocco much more peaceful for Castilian Rule. The Kingdom of Morocco officially enters into a personal union with Castile following the magistrates and princes deeming it unnecessary for the King to not have full control in the country. The Magistrates, however, are fully re-instated to continue as they were just under direction of the monarch of Castile. The Kingdom of Morocco eager to gain and even higher standing with the Spanish declare war on Italy and send 10,000 of its most experienced troops.
 * Kongo: The Kingdom begins to work toward a trade and production economy focusing on helping provide resources for Castile's burgeoning West African trade network. The King of the Kongo converting to Christianity and being baptised begins to call for the expansion of ports to the best of the Kongolese architects' abilities. The Kingdom of the Kongo in an attempt to increase economic output and trade begins to export a large amount of raw materials to Castile and begins to push toward heavy exploitation methods if possible. Kongo due to its backwardness in technology and administration puts itself in a protectorate/vassal situation in order to advance itself. The Kongolese population reaches about 850,000 and beginning to grow much more rapidly. The King of the Kongo manages to calm down the people. The Kongo itself begins to see a noticeable improvement in the way of life. Kongo Adds the Former Oyo Gabonese colony to its domain.
 * Mapuche: With the defeat by the Spanish a royal governor is appointed by the Castilians.  These people are immediately transferred onto available ships and throughout the year are sent up the coast via Spanish ships to a location unknown to the Mapuche. The Mapuche also continue to see major issues from European contact are given orders to isolate themselves if they are sick to prevent further expansion of the disease.  The Mapuche people begin to see the first mixed children between Spanish and Mapuche people. The Spanish institute the Ecomienda system. However, the Spanish governor, in order to keep control of the people, orders the Spanish heads of the system to treat the natives fairly in order to prevent mass deaths from overworking and resentment. Spanish farming techniques have definitely prevented starvation as the Mapuche continue to expand toward the coast building a road to connect it all. The Spanish governor, also using the local Mapuche as scouts, is able to expand much more than the Buenos Aires colony and uses this to his advantage to secure more land to be able to turn over to Spanish settlers. The Royal Governor ramps up expansion for some of the new plantation owners setting up expanding the the territory by 2500 sq km. The Mapuche Area begins to see a notable increase in Castilian settlers, mostly farmers who begin to build special areas to employ the Inca farming methods.
 * Morelia: The former Mayan kingdom is renamed Morelia by the royal governor to reflect its new Spanish culture as thousands of settlers have settled in the major cities beginning to displace the remaining Mayans which have decreased almost 75% from their original population of two million leaving barely 500,000 Mayans left. An insightful priest says that destroying the cities will result in long term resentment that could never be repaired and instead they should be made Spanish-Maya hybrid. The new Royal Governor seeing wisdom in this declares that the cities will not be ransacked and a moderate tribute of gold and silver is demanded by the Spanish. The 2000 troops remain in the country and begin to establish areas along the coast suitable for Spanish settlement. The military and economy of the Maya under Spain is developed and roads are upgraded to Spanish standards. The Spanish sponsor some colonists who wish to remove themselves from the remainder of the Indians and establish themselves on an island (OTL Havana) and name the island Cuba. (1000 sq km).
 * Aztecs: With full control of the Aztec now reverting to the Spanish the Spanish begin to implement their econmienda system from the Mapuche in the south to the Aztec areas to extract gold and silver. Along with this many of the remaining Aztec people become infected decreasing population further. The Economy of the Aztecs becomes entirely reliant on the Spanish Empire and the military remains non-existant with areas being occupied by Zapotec and remaining Spanish forces. However, its garrison is made up of Spanish forces who are settling the territory. Almost 5000 Spaniards come to the Aztec nation. The royal governor is appointed and after conversation with Morelias governor decides eventually he will embark on a large expansion campain up the Mexican area.
 * Kingdom of Venezia: With the establishment of the Kingdom of Venezia following the previous war and with the loss of a large portion of the fleet the Venezian people seem to believe that much can be rebuilt through utilization of the dynamically rising Spanish empire for its own benefit. The businessmen and high level economists, bankers and multiple other fully knowledgeable individuals of Venezia remaining after the war go on a trip to Spain's vibrant trade cities and after careful negotiations many of these men take over one of Spain's newest rising trade companies, the Buenos Aires trade company, with some offices based out of the Buenos Aires colony in Hesperia. The Venezians, unable to select a king from their remaining nobles, delegate to the Queen of Spain (Castile and Aragon) who chooses a man named Antonio Lo Grato to rule as Prince of Venice in place of the Queen of Spain. A well acclaimed and respected man, he immediately enacts reforms. The Venezian economy with access to the Spanish economy begins to recover and for the first time in years due to this. The Venezians begins its long road to naval recovery and begins to use its vast knowledge to begin building ships not only for itself but acquires the blueprints to improve on Spanish ships to allow for sale back to the Queen. The Venezian military is also raised to a token force of about 10,000 due to its location but remains lightly armed and unable to project power or fight any unsupported offensives. The Prince of Venezia, Antonio, begins the drift toward Spanish culture in an attempt to assimilate to a much more favorable nation than Austria, or the Kingdom of Italy.
 * Viceroyalty of New Spain: The Viceroyalty of new Spain is established with a massive amount of coastal territory secured begins to expand its major settlements seriously with Buenos Aires maintaining the most with nearly 20,000 people and growing The colony proper reaches nearly 115,000 in population seeing large amounts of Colonial immigration. The Viceroy implements the first cattle ranches (they are not modern ranches) in order to expand the food supply of the large colony. The Spanish inhabitants of the colonies form their first militia under command of a Spanish officer which is trained only to fight off native attacks. The Colony specifically expands the areas around its main settlements by 10 px and extends its borders south by 10 px intending to reach the Straits of Torez (OTL Straits of Magellan). The viceroyalty seems extremely happy with the colonial status and support its received from Castile as well as the massive re-investment for the betterment of the colony giving a huge boost to the construction of a few forts and a road system. The first ships begin to arrive from Spain African colonies bringing goods and a few slaves. Many people seemed apalled by the idea of slavery but other more opportunists buy a few hundred and start up the first few plantations based around cocoa and tobacco.
 * Cape Ferdinand: The Cape Ferdinand colony expands by 10 px  around existing settlements beginning to push towards making the area a larger more controlled area for Spanish habitation. the semi-hostile climate has left Cape Ferdinand with barely 15,000 colonists in comparison to New Spain in Hesperia. The area itself begins to show up as a trade hub. Zulu Africans in the area begin to be contacted with missionaries looking to speak to these people.
 * France: Military, navy and economy are built up. The colony continues expanding and growing by 875 sq km each settlement. The colonies continue growing as expected. The navy begins a huge update in order to establish a stronger control over overseas territories such as the colonies and to have further control over Africa. While this, the king seeks the French influence to grow in unexpected territories. The colony of Nouvelle Rouen continues to expand eastward by 250 px. The French government begins a measure to avoid the sweating disease attacking French domains, mostly by sending the infected back to their lands.
 * Burgundy: Military, economy and navy are built up.
 * Bourbon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Lorraine: Military and economy are built up.
 * Verdun: Military and economy are built up.
 * Saluzzo: Military and economy are built up.
 * Sardinia: Military and economy are built up.
 * Basel: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aargau: Military and economy are built up. The French presence begins to be felt. However, the attempts to establish a pro-Germanic government in order to avoid eventual uprisings, internal vassalization begins as well to fully convince German leadership.
 * Andorra: Military and economy are built up.
 * Africa: Military and economy are built up.
 * Trier: Military and economy are built up.
 * Julich: Military and economy are built up.
 * Zweibrucken: Military and economy are built up.
 * Aurienne: Military and economy are built up. The nation expands both west and east toward the colonies of the French.
 * Guaxirenne: The country expands southward and military and economy are built up.
 * Anjou: Military and economy are built up.
 * Vendome: Military and economy are built up.
 * Provence: Military navy and economy are built up.
 * Alencon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Narbonne: Military navy and economy are built up.
 * Avignon: Military and economy are built up.
 * Naijiria: The government of Oyo is convened by the Asaaju for a special meeting. There, Ajani delievers a speech on the new course his nation shall be taking, with regards to domestic and foreign policy, as well as the new colonial policies he has drawn up. He announces that given the unique history Oyo has pulled through, as well as the nations which have been brought into the confederacy of nations under Oyo's leadership, Asaaju Ajani has determined the time has come to redefine the nation to reflect its new place. As such, he officially renames the Oyo Empire to the Honorable Union of Naijiria. All of the affiliate nations will henceforth be known as states, each possessing autonomous control over their domestic affairs, while foreign affairs shall be guided by the central government, as well as taxation, declarations of war and peace, and the establishment of colonies, which each of the states shall bear the burden in performing. The states in Naijiria are likewise renamed based on the main ethnic group controlling it. It is hoped that Naijiria will be able to catch up to the European powers and form its own colonial empire will little issue, given the new policy by the government to remain neutral in all worldly affairs. Naijiria shall work with the nations of the world, but it shall stay out of their wars and rivalries for as long as it depends on the Naijirians. Elsewhere, the captains of the colonial fleet have changed route to the west, their rationale being the lack of prospective locations in Asia to establish a settlement for their people. Though Naijiria is located in a prime position in Africa, the time tables for resupply and defense would be astronomical for the nation, and thus, it has been decided that colonizing the recently discovered continents to the west would be the more prudent decision. The change has been delivered to the accompanying Beninese fleet, which has been following the  After arriving in the New World, the Oyo select OTL New York as their colonization spot, seeking to expand from there across the island given its excellent regional location. The military, economy and infrastructure of Naijiria are expanded.
 * Benin: The Benin colonization fleet selects OTL Galveston as their settlement location, and send their colonists ashore to set up the new settlement while the fleet returns to Igboland to acquire supplies for the people. Benin expands its military, economy and infrastructure. Their colonization of the region reveals the total lack of infrastructure used by the natives, and sparks the colonial administrator to send word of this defenceless land to the homeland, so that they may embark on a mission for the new unified government.
 * Mali: Mali receives orders from the central government about a planned invasion Oyo-Ile wishes them to partake in, after receiving word from the Beninese colonists of the native inhabitants lack of numbers and cities. Reports from the colonies have shown that there exists a massive territory in the region which is lightly populated and poorly-defended, and it is in the interests of Naijiria to acquire this land for a potential mainland colonial territory great enough to sustain the nation's trade interests in the area. Recognizing the potential a victory could mean for Naijiria, a fleet is immediately assembled by Mali in preparation for the invasion. A large Malian force is thus dispatched with cannon, firearms and cavalry to claim the new land for their nation, and spread the teachings of Islam to the New World.
 * Natigosteg L'nu Dip.: The L'nu request a trade agreement with this new power.
 * Ottoman Sultanate: Now ruling for five glorious years, Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, begins centralizing the nation. Sporting a more passive Islamic state. As the title: "Sword of Islam" has begun to die, the great Sultan spends his attention and focus on forming an entire rebirth to the economy, as a starting to be a large industrious empire, the land sees much economic profit. For the time being, the Sultan wishes an NAP with the Roman Empire for 15 years, a deal can be made in return for something of their desire, as the nation begins to focus internally rather than externally. The great militaristic unit, the Janissary, continues to be the backbone of the force, while more cannon and gunpowder units are implemented. Textiles begin to be produced on a larger scale, as well as glass making and asphalt mining. The empire sees much reprisal as the revival of the "sick man of Islam". We begin vassalizing Karaman (Two of Five) and Ramazan (Two of Three).
 * Erzincan (vassal of the Ottoman Sultanate): The vassal begins a centralization period, beginning to merge into the empire, as one. The economy begins to pick up, as the the great Turkic state begins to get back on its feet.
 * Kara Koyunlu (vassal of the Ottoman Sultanate): The military is expanded, largely benefiting off the natural resources in the area to cover the debts and prices. We begin vassalizing Ak Koyunlu (Two of Six).
 * Dulkadir (vassal of the Ottoman Sultanate): The vassal begins a centralization period, beginning to merge into the empire, as one. The population begins to rise, as the Turkic state prospers, the vassal proselytizes young Greeks and Romans throughout the land, whoever still remains. The infrastructure is expanded.
 * Mardin (vassal of the Ottoman Sultanate): The vassal begins a centralization period, beginning to merge into the empire, as one. The military is expanded and soldiers are sent to support the imperial Turkic capital at Bursa.
 * In the Empire of Madagasikara, Emperor Esteban the Pious continues to oversee the growth of the use of Latinized Malagasy and practice of Christianity. Farming for profit, a drastic change from old practices of farming for sustenance, continues to be a powerful part of the Madagasikaran economy. The merchant navy, largely funded by Spanish merchants but also drawing from local wealth and resources, grows larger and larger as port cities like Mahajanga grow with them. Mahajanga is the largest city along the Swahili Coast, according to reports by leading traders, and increasing numbers of Swahili traders are moving south to trade at Madagasikara in recent years due to a relative boom era. After consolidating control over all of the rebellious Muslim regions of the African Coast which had been rebelling on-and-off since 1511, Esteban deems the nation fully reunited and free from any future insurgency. Muslim populations have declined greatly in the past fifteen years, as they seem to be ostracized more and more because of the radicals which rebelled. Esteban decides the Dina Arobi, Dina Morgabin, and Dina Kely, as well as the Kelisimas Islas, ought to be integrated into Madagasikara proper instead of remaining as colonies, so they are admitted to the Empire as regions. Esteban further decides that Pembara, Sofala, and Mozambika will be raised to the status of states in personal union with the Empire of Madagasikara to foster goodwill and promote equality and lessen barriers of trade between the states of the Madagasikara League. Economy turn.
 * Mozambika expands towards Sofala in the south in order to connect the two states. Esteban raises Mozambika from a viceroyalty to a state in personal union, creating much celebration in the nation and fosters better relationships. Plans for a new church are made, as the old one is unable to fit the entire population of the growing city of Mozambika. Sofala ... Pembara ... [MORE TO COME]
 * County of Oldenburg: Countess Adelheid, keen to mend relations with Hesse, offers her cousin Conrad's daughter Rebekah in marriage to Grand Duke Phillip. The Northern Seas products (whales, seals, fish) continue making good profits for the OHG and the nation's banks. Countess Adelheid looks forward with secret anticipation to the day when the House of Hamburg-Oldenburg will sit on the Albionic throne.
 * Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck: The episcopal militia is expanded.
 * Safavid Empire: We build up our military and navy. Port cities are being rebuilt. More ships are being made for our navy. Our own version of guns are being made. Farming is becoming one of the most important industries, besides blacksmithy, trading and fishing. Guns are now mass produced in our country. We continue to make more woodblock printing presses for our libraries. Cannons at three feet long are being built for our military. Bigger cannons are also being built for our military. Cannon balls are made out of iron. A trade route from our home country to Oirat is mapped out. People are now trading with each other on this trade route. Foreign exchange banks are becoming popular in our country due to the ETA (Eurasian Trade Agreement). Trade has increased due to the ETA. A new art form is continuing to be drawn. It is a mix of Safavid, Oirat and Mughal art. Our art is continuing to be popular with all of the nation around us. Trade goes well with the Dutch merchants. All slaves that come from the Oyo nation are continuing to be converted to Shi'ite Islam. We continue to trade with the Roman Empire. Trade routes to Caliphate of Mecca are continuing to be drawn on maps.
 * Khanate of Khiva: We improve our relations with the Safavid empire. We build up our military and navy. Trade routes are continuing to be mapped into the Safavid empire.
 * Netherlands: Cultural and scientific development continue as the money necesary for their financing are avaliable and in ample quantities. Military and naval reforms continue while newer ship designs are made and deployment tractics are reviewed. The expansion of the University of Brussels continues. the Bourgoeisie continue grow richer and their influence also grows. Commerce and banking continue to produce large amounts of funds. Public works in major cities continue, along with an improvement of the canal system. Influencing over the courts of Sunda continue and local regiments are raised from the local population. Batavia continues to grow and the Dutch population of the city also starts growing. Karl van Nassau-Orleans requests once more another meeting with the Bengali court. William and his wife Charlotte have another child - a girl named Joanna. A second settlement is set up along the Orinoco River and the settlement is called New Antwerp. The population of Macaba steadily grows as economic opportunities begin to arise. William grants a group of merchants the right to settle and exploit the land between the Orinoco and Amazon rivers to secure the areas. While initially skeptical bankers and other merchants are convinced to give the adventure a shot. These merchants form the West Indies Company. Trade with the Chinese is once more requested while trade in the rest of the orient grows. The settlement on the Maldives Islands is fortified now and acts as a direct trade post with India. More African slaves are brought into the New World and are bought and sold in India and the orient with Louisville and New Friesland gaining new importance within the Netherlands trade route due to the growing need for slaves.
 * Grand Duchy of Hamburg-Mecklenburg: Another voyage is sent west, and they make landfall at Neue Hamburg. On this voyage an aging ship was taken along. It is broken down piece by piece to establish an outpost. Its cannons are divided - half are divided amongst the remaining vessel and the other half are used as defensive armaments. A palisade is made around the initial settlement. The remaining exploration ships sail around the OTL Caribbean Sea, mapping the islands. Back home, the sweating sickness mostly dies down, but some still hold grudges. The military is improved, the navy now numbers 250 ships.
 * Stade: Military and economy are expanded.
 * Bruchhausen: Military and economy are expanded.
 * Williamsburg: Militia is expanded.
 * Neue Lüneburg: Militia is expanded.
 * Éire (Member Nation of the UKGA): The economy is primarily built up. Galway becomes the main center for Western trade and colonization. Minor reforms are being that slowly undermine the power of the powerful nobility while giving more power to the denizens of cities and towns. Construction of the University of Cork begins. Queen Bree, wife of King Faolán, gives birth to a young boy who is named after his grandfather Tomas. Following Albion's lead, the navy is developed in order to be prepared for further colonial expansion and similar plans.Tobacco is imported and planted in Éiric lands.
 * Nuaphail: As the colony spreads, more and more settlers begin to arrive at the fledgling town of Nua Luimneach/Limerick. Due to the bounty of the surrounding area in natural resources, there is more than enough food, especially with the help of the L'nu, and the first batches of cod and lumber are exported. Missionaries of the Western Church are sent to all surrounding tribes, and we sail up the OTL St Lawrence as far as OTL Quebec City, with missionaries spreading the faith and trinkets to native people in exchange for food and loyalties. We expand 1000 km into the mainland.
 * Nova Roma: The Most Serene Republic of Nova Roma is created south of Banche Esterno and expands 15 px alongside the coast. The economy expands as it trades with Éire.
 * Natigosteg L'nu: The L'nu now possess a fleet of some twenty ships capable of crossing the Atlantic. As a result, trade wih Europe increases, and the L'nu hear of the existence of a continent farther to the south, called "Hafrika". The tales told by sailors of the spices, gold and elephants thrill the nation. The Kangsiquluak Company looks to bring its furs to these new markets, and seeks to increase production accordingly. Ungava expands 1000 km south into new furbearing lands. The economy improves as a result.
 * Sachemate of Aksimiki: Aksimiki expands 500 km north onto the mainland, while constructing a new building to house the offices of the Kangsiquluak Company. Chakhun arrives from the south, and is declared Sachem of Aksimiki.