Ukraine (Twilight of a New Era)

The Socialist Republic of Ukraine (Соціалістична Республіка Україна /Sotsialistychna Respublika Ukraïna) is an Eastern European country, member of the Federation of Socialist Republics (FSR). It borders with SR of Belarus, Russian FSR, Romania, Austria-Hungary and Poland.

History of SR Ukraine
After the Russia Revolution (1918) and the Ukrainian Independence War (1919-1920) it has been governed by the Communist Party(b) of Ukraine, member of the Comintern. Other parties, some been part of government coalitions are the Social-Democratic Workers' Part of Ukraine (SDWPU or Mensheviks, not recognized has party between 1920-1923), Ukrainian Communist Party (UKP) and Ukrainian Socialist Revolutionary Party (1941). Other legally allowed political parties are the United Jewish Socialist Workers Party (Fareynikte), the Bund, Polish Workers' Party (Ukraine) and the Ukrainian Party of Socialist-Revolutionary-Borotbists (Communists, 1941). Proscribed are all right and nationalist parties since 1919 and anarchist movements after the Independence War in 1922. Proscribed and labeled has contra revolutionaries the old Social Revolutionaries (SR) and Left Social Revolutionaries (Left SR) between 1924-1940.

Organization of the SR of Ukraine
The constitution approved in 1921, revised in 1925, establish the organization of the Ukraine.
 * the supreme organ of power is the Supreme Council (or Supreme Rada - Верховна Рада / Verkhovna Rada) of SR Ukraine. It is composed between 250-400 of directly elected deputies by the people each 5 years. The Supreme Rada is the legislative body of SR Ukraine. It elects every 5 years the Presidium and the Council of Council of People's Commissars, the Supreme Court of SR Ukraine and the Prosecutor General.
 * the executive power resides in the Presidium of the Supreme Rada, that is the collective head of state. It is integrated by a Chairman and three vice chairmen and 7 other members. The Council of People's Commissars carries out all the executive and administrative functions of the SR Ukraine. The Presidium and the Council of People's Commissars are responsible before the Supreme Rada. After 1925, federal delegates also integrate the Council of People's Commissars.
 * the judiciary in in charge of the Supreme Court of the SR Ukraine and the Prosecutor General.

The right to vote in elections and national referendums is extended to those who are above the age of eighteen. During elections and referendums, a citizen can vote or not vote without any consequences from the government.

Administrative division
SR of Ukraine is subdivided into oblasts (provinces) and one autonomous oblast, Crimea. Additionally, the cities of Kiev, Kharviv and Sevastopol, have a special legal status. Each oblast has a provincial council, which is elected by the oblast's residents, and a provincial governor, whose is appointed by the Presidium of the Supreme Council. The Cities of Kiev, Kharviv and Sevastopol have the same status of oblast. The autonomous oblast of Crimea elects its own Supreme Council and designates its Council of People's Commissars.

Each oblast is divided into raions and the Polish Autonomous District. Each raions has its own raion council, elected by its residents and its Executive Officer appointed by the Presidium of the Supreme Council or in Crimea by the Supreme Council of Crimea.

Below the raions are the settlements. Each settlement has its own council and Settlement President elected by its residents. The settlements are divided into:
 * Urban settlements that can be subdivided into city or urbanized settlement
 * Rural settlements that can be divided into village or rural settlement

Special cultural rights are given to some raions like the Polish Autonomous District.

Economy of SR Ukraine
Ukraine is one major components of the FSR. It has rich farmlands, a well-developed industrial base, highly trained labour, and a good education system.

Property of the land is in hands of state and collective farms. There is also an important sector of privately owned farmland on state lease. The agricultural output is mainly grain (wheat and barley), sugar beets, sunflower seeds, vegetables, beef, and milk. Land collectivization in Ukraine in the 1920s and 1930s had the effect to produce one of last ggreat famines of Europe, the Holodomor.

Ukraine is relatively rich in natural resources, particularly in mineral deposits. It important energy sources, such has oil and natural gas reserves coal and hydroelectricity. Ukraine has a major ferrous metal industry, producing cast iron, steel and pipes. Another important branch is the country's chemical industry which includes the production of coke, mineral fertilizers and sulfuric acid. Manufactured goods include metallurgical equipment, diesel locomotives, tractors, and automobiles.

The Ukrianian Gosplan has identified has economic planning regions the following ones: Donets Basin (major mnining and steel industry), Kryvbas (specializing in iron ore mining and the steel industry).