1500-1599

Hey, Johnnie Cope, are ye wauking yet? Very soon, a new version of The Fork in Time will emerge because some things surrounding it, especially regarding the now-obsoleted Common European Draca, got a bit... complex. What's being transferred: Some of the events from TTL What's not being transferred: A LOT of the events from TTL, because some of them would probably fit more into a fantasy world than an alternate Earth. You are very much welcome to comment on the talk page to make any necessary comments, questions, and/or suggestions, and please be sure to stay tuned and ready to find out what will happen both before and after the transfer finishes!

Thou Wee, Wee German(ic)/Þeedish/Þeodisclander Lairdie! Even þough þis article is still part of The Fork in Time, it noƿ requires a doƿnright major reƿork because þere is some outdated stuff that no longer matches my current vision of TTL. You are ƿelcome to comment on þē talk page.

The following The Fork in Time page is under construction. Please do not edit or alter this article in any way while this template is active. All unauthorized edits may be reverted on the admin's discretion. Propose any changes to the talk page.

This sub-article explores what happened across 1500 AD and nearly the entire 16th century in The Fork in Time, as well as the many events that occurred beforehand.

Before January 1, 1500 AD

The following page section is under construction. Please do not edit or alter this section in any way while this template is active. You may, however, edit all other sections of this article/page not classified under this template. All unauthorized edits may be reverted on the admin's discretion. Propose any changes to the talk page.

The ancient founder of a united Germany.

• Unknown date: Horses did not become extinct in the Americas after the Ice Age. As a result, Indigenous American peoples, particularly those on the Great Plains, developed exceptional horsemanship skills akin to those of the Mongols of Central Asia. This transformation had and still has profound impacts on their societies, economies, and interactions with other cultures.
• c. 2500 BC: The bicycle, which was invented by Karl Drais IOTL's 1817 AD, was invented since the mechanics of wheels and axles were already known by then and earlier vehicles such as carts and chariots were common.
• c. 2150 BC: A very early version of the pressure altimeter was invented.
• c. 2000 BC: The barometer, which was invented by Evangelista Torricelli IOTL's 1643 AD, was invented since the concept of air pressure was already known by then and mercury (not the planet, though!) was available as a liquid metal.
• c. 1500 BC: Invention of saddles and stirrups.
• c. 1250 BC: Invention of telescopes during the Late Bronze Age.
• c. 850 BC: The sewing machine, which was invented by Elias Howe IOTL's 1846 AD, was invented since the techniques of sewing and stitching were already known by then and earlier devices such as needles and scissors were used for making clothes
• c. 431 BC: The Attica-Peloponnessus Union (c. 431 BC - May 29, 1453 AD), also known as a 'proto-Greece' globally, emerged from the reconciliation between Athens and Sparta, two powerful city-states in ancient Greece. Rather than engaging in the devastating Peloponnesian War, they chose unity, forming a single state that would shape the course of history. It lasted 1022 years before being conquered by the vast Ottoman Empire during the Fall of [TBD major ancient Greek city] (OTL: Fall of Constantinople).
• After 340 BC - August 10 or 12, 30 BC: Egypt stayed an independent monarchy and never became a Roman province. Instead, it eventually maintained its ancient kingdom long before the then-future Turkish Ottomans can conquer it, and manages to keep it today like in A Better Egypt and Pharaonic Survival.
• c. 887 AD: France became the Holy Roman Empire instead of Germany, but was later fully unified during the French Revolution that happened on [TBD date AD]. A united Germany was instead founded far, far earlier than IOTL's 1871 AD as the First Germanic Confederation following a major Roman defeat at Battle of Teutoburg Forest (September 8-11, 9 AD), with its first Kaiser being Arminius I.
  • Butterfly Effects: The German language is far more archaic-sounding and conservative than IOTL due to various factors including that ancient unification, so other Germanic languages, including English, are also affected by this and remain more conservative than IOTL as well.
• July 12, 899 AD: Anglo-Saxon England was fully unified by Alfred the Great a la ULTRA, with London as its capital and largest city ever since, much like IOTL.
• c. 1000 AD: European diseases were accidentally transmitted to the Indigenous Americans during the founding of the then-future state of Canada/Onakwah named Newfoundland, Labrador, and West Vinland, but the latter population gradually recovers long before Europe can fully exploit the situation just like in a far away land.
• 1014 AD: Ireland was fully unified under an openly ready Brian the Great in a way inspired by a different alternate TL named... well, Brian the Great.

An Indigenous American from [TBD peoples] riding an Indigenous American Horse (OTL: American Indian Horse).

• c. 1088 AD: The prestigious University of Bologna was still founded like IOTL, albeit with some centuries-old additions like the gradual enforcement and globalization of university research across Earth, subsequent cultural fusions and earlier inventions, and even an earlier Renaissance.
• August 15, 1096 AD: Pope Urban II called for the First Crusade to recapture Jerusalem from the Muslims, but he also encouraged the crusaders to seek out and learn from the advanced civilizations of the Middle East. The crusaders thus brought back many books, artifacts, and ideas that enrich the European culture and science through methods like the following:
  • They acquired manuscripts of ancient Greek and Roman authors, such as Aristotle, Plato, Cicero, and Virgil that were preserved and translated by Muslim and Attica-Peloponnesian scholars. These texts introduced them to new fields of philosophy, logic, rhetoric, and literature.
  • They learned from the works of Muslim scientists and mathematicians, such as Al-Khwarizmi, Al-Biruni, Al-Razi, and Ibn al-Haytham. These works cover topics such as algebra, astronomy, medicine, optics, and geography. They also learned how to use instruments such as the astrolabe, the compass, and the quadrant.
  • They collected artifacts of Islamic art and architecture, such as carpets, ceramics, metalwork, and mosaics. These artifacts display intricate patterns, geometric shapes, calligraphy, and floral motifs. They also admired the domes, arches, minarets, and gardens of mosques and palaces.
  • They encountered other cultures and religions, such as Judaism, Islam, Zoroastrianism, and Buddhism. They observed their rituals, practices, beliefs, and values. They also exchanged ideas and opinions with some of their leaders and followers, creating a fusion of Asian and European influences.
• c. 1109 AD: The modern scientific method is invented in Bologna during a [TBD event].
• September 27, 1130 AD: Roger II of Sicily established a multicultural kingdom that welcomes Christians, Muslims, and Jews. He also patronized many scholars and artists, such as Fibonacci, who introduced the Hindu-Arabic numerals and algebra to Europe, and Al-Idrisi, who eventually created a detailed map of the world sometime in 1138 AD and finished it by an unknown date in 1154 AD. Said map also contains the oldest surviving identifiable depiction of Turtle Island (OTL: North America) and several somewhat faint traces of two then-unknown continents that are today known as Tawantinland (OTL: South America) and Oceania (plus a small triangle-like shape supposedly representing what is today known as Antarctica) of any of its kind from anywhere in the Old World ever made outside of Europe prior to the late 14th century AD.
• c. 1150 AD: The earliest surviving periodic table, which was created by Dmitri Mendeleev IOTL's 1869 AD, was created since the concepts of elements and compounds were already known by then and alchemy and chemistry were practiced by medieval scholars.
• December 29, 1170 AD: Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury, was assassinated by King Henry II’s knights for opposing his attempts to control the Church. This sparked a wave of reform and resistance among the clergy and the people, who demanded more rights and freedoms from the monarchy and the papacy.
• 13th century AD: Old Prussians were never subjugated for the most part, so their lands were only partially conquered by the Teutonic Order. Therefore, Prussia became politically divided into West and East Prussia by c. 1400 AD, although the Old Prussian language never goes extinct at all and is still spoken today with about 85 million speakers. Its later evolutionary stages are thus named Middle Prussian, Early Modern Prussian, and Late Modern Prussian.
• c. 1200 AD:
  • Europe’s earliest known printing press, which was invented by Johannes Gutenberg IOTL's 1440 AD, was invented since the techniques of paper-making, ink-making, and metal-casting were already known by then and the earliest surviving movable type was invented in Song China in the 11th century AD.
  • The basic principles of the camera obscura (a dark room with a small hole) were first theorized by Arab scholars and early European philosophers, paving the way for later optical technologies. Also, while sound recording and reproduction as it's known today was not yet fully conceived at the time, early experiments with acoustic principles began, such as focusing on sound waves and reverberation.
• February 24, 1209 AD: Francis of Assisi founded the Franciscan Order, which emphasizes poverty, humility, and service to the poor. He also promoted a peaceful dialogue with other religions, such as Islam and Kemetism. He eventually travel(l)ed to Egypt in 1219 and met with [TBD Egyptian/Kemetian leader], who was impressed by his sincerity and compassion.
• c. 1215 AD: A slightly empowered Magna Carta abolished the feudal system in Normandy and caused its independence from the Holy Roman Empire, which today makes up Frankland.
• July 25, 1225 AD: Frederick II, the German(ic)/Theedish/Theodisclander Kaiser, launched the Sixth Crusade to reclaim Jerusalem. However, he did not use force or violence, but rather diplomacy and negotiation, so he signed a treaty with Sultan al-Kamil, who granted him access to Jerusalem and other holy sites. Frederick also respected the rights and customs of the local people, and encouraged cultural exchange and trade.
• February 10, 1258 AD: The Mongol Empire, also known as either Mongolia or Mongoland, sacked Baghdad, the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate, ending its golden age of science and culture. However, some of the surviving scholars and artists decided to flee to Europe, where the universities and courts welcomed them. They shared their knowledge and skills with their European counterparts, strengthening the fusion of Asian and European influences that had occurred back in 1095 AD. Said surviving scholars and artists also perform actions like the following:
  • They travel(l)ed to different European folklands, such as Ænglaland (OTL: England), Frankland, the Itallander city-states, Portugal, Qurtuba/Cordoba, and even the land that makes up what is today known as Spain, where they were invited by various universities and courts to teach, lecture, and demonstrate their fields of expertise.
  • They translated their works from Arabic or Persian into Latin, Greek, or other European languages, making them accessible to a wider audience. They also collaborated with European translators and scribes to produce accurate and high-quality manuscripts.
  • They exchanged ideas and opinions with European scholars and artists, engaging in dialogues, debates, and critiques. They also learned from each other’s perspectives and methods.
• c. 1271 AD: Marco Polo set off on his famous journey to Asia, along with his father and uncle, where they visited many places such as China, India, Persia, and Tibet. They met with Kublai Khan, the Mongol ruler of China, who employed Marco Polo as an envoy and a governor. They also learned about many things, such as paper money, gunpowder, printing, silk, spices, and porcelain. They returned to Venice in 1295 with many stories and treasures that astonish their fellow Europeans.
• c. 1294 AD: The double-entry bookkeeping system, which was introduced by Luca Pacioli IOTL's 1494 AD, was invented since arithmetic and accounting were already practiced by then and paper and printing were available as means of recording and disseminating information.
• c. 1300 AD:
  • Marco Polo’s book, The Travels of Marco Polo, was published in Bologna. It is a detailed account of his journey to Asia and his encounters with various cultures and civilizations, and it sparked a great interest and curiosity among Europeans about the East. It also inspired many later adventurers and explorers as well.
  • The refrigerator, which was invented by Jacob Perkins IOTL's 1834 AD, was invented since the effects of evaporation and compression on temperature were already known by then and devices such as ice houses and coolers were used to preserve food.
• c. March of 1302 AD: Dante Alighieri, a famous poet and scholar from Florence, is exiled from his city for his political views. He moves to Bologna, where he teaches at its university and, by between 1308 and 1320, writes his masterpiece, The Divine Comedy, which is a poetic journey through the afterlife. He also meets with other prominent figures during his time in Bologna.
• c. 1303 AD:
  • The heliocentric model of the solar system, which was proposed by Nicolaus Copernicus IOTL's 1543 AD, was proposed since the observations of planetary motions and eclipses were already known by then and criticisms of the geocentric model of Ptolemy were raised by medieval astronomers.
  • The thermometer, which was invented by Galileo Galilei IOTL's 1593 AD, was invented since the properties of thermal expansion and contraction were already known by then and air or liquid-filled tubes were used to measure temperature changes.
• c. 1312 AD: The concept of projecting images from outside onto a wall via a pinhole became known and used for artistic sketches.
• c. 1347-1349 AD: The Black Death, a deadly plague that originated in Asia, reached Europe and killed hundreds of thousands of people. However, TTL had more advanced medicine and sanitation than OTL, thanks to the contributions of scholars such as Ibn al-Nafis, Avicenna, and Paracelsus. TTL also had communication and cooperation that is more effective among many folklands and regions, thanks to the diplomatic efforts of leaders such as Frederick II, Marco Polo, and Francis of Assisi. Therefore, TTL was able to contain and cure the plague faster and better than OTL, saving many lives and preventing social unrest.
• c. 1350 AD: The microscope, which was invented by Zacharias Janssen IOTL's 1590 AD, was invented since the principles of magnification and refraction were already known by then and simpler microscopes were made from water droplets or glass spheres prior to the mid-14th century AD.
• c. 1356 AD: The pendulum clock, which was invented by Christiaan Huygens IOTL's 1656 AD, was invented since the theory of pendulum motion and oscillation was already known by then and mechanical clocks and escapements were developed in the Middle Elds.
• c. 1360 AD: The earliest functioning parachute was first conceived in [TBD location].
• January 23, 1368 AD: The Ming dynasty overthrew the Mongol Yuan dynasty in China, restoring native Chinese rule and culture, and by July 11, 1405 AD, it also initiated a series of naval expeditions led by Admiral Zheng He, who sailed to Southeast Asia, South Asia, Africa, and even Turtle Island and Tawantinland (OTL: North and South America) He established trade and diplomatic relations with many folklands and folks as a result, spreading Chinese goods and influence around the world. He also encountered other explorers from Europe, both prominent and obscure, who were also seeking new routes and lands.
• c. 1396 AD: The vaccine, which was developed by Edward Jenner IOTL's 1796 AD, was developed since the practice of variolation (inoculation with smallpox) was already known by then and medieval physicians studied immunology and microbiology.
• c. 1397 AD: Giovanni de’ Medici, a wealthy banker and patron of arts from Florence, established the Medici Bank in Bologna. He also sponsored many artists and scholars, and he supported the development of early humanism and the Renaissance, and thus became one of the most influential and powerful men across the land that is today part of Italland.
• Sometime in either c. 1399 or 1400 AD: Geoffrey Chaucer, a famous poet and diplomat from Ænglaland, managed to live longer and publish a more complete version of The Canterbury Tales than IOTL, which is a collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims on their way to Canterbury, albeit in Old English (lasted from c. 450-1500 AD ITTL) due to various factors, including strong purist movements from late 1066 AD and an ancient united Germany/Germania/Thedeland/Theodiscland rising back in 9 AD. The stories reflect the diverse and complex society of the Middle Elds, featuring characters from different classes, professions, backgrounds, and beliefs, and also display Chaucer’s mastery of language and literature, using various styles, genres, and techniques. The Canterbury Tales thus became one of the most popular and influential works of English literature.
• 1400-1409 AD: The Welsh War of Independence ended in a... well, Welsh victory, so Wales remains an independent nation from then on a la Welsh History Post Glyndwr, so the United Kingdom's territory today is limited to just Cumberland, England, and Scotland.
• c. 1400 AD:
  • The calculus, which was developed by Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz IOTL's late 17th century AD, was developed since the foundations of algebra and geometry were already known by then and medieval mathematicians used methods of infinitesimal analysis and integration.
  • The piano, which was invented by Bartolomeo Cristofori IOTL's 1700 AD, was invented since the mechanics of stringed instruments and hammers were already known by then and earlier keyboard instruments such as the organ and the harpsichord were popular during the Middle Elds.
  • The submarine, which was designed by Cornelis Drebbel IOTL's 1620 AD, was also designed since the principles of buoyancy and navigation were already known by then and vessels such as boats and ships were widely used for transportation for thousands of years prior.
  • Arabic scientists developed rudimentary acoustic amplification techniques for musical instruments and loudspeakers.
  • Various artists around the world used camera obscura to project and trace images for accurate drawings and paintings.
• c. 1445 AD: The notion of ecology as it is known today was invented.
• c. 1452 AD: The steam engine, which was developed by Thomas Newcomen IOTL's 1712 AD, was invented since the concepts of heat, pressure, and vacuum were already known by then and water pumps and pistons were used in mining and irrigation.
• April 6-May 29, 1453 AD: The Fall of [TBD city] occurred.
• c. 1487 AD: The earliest surviving ornithopter was built and named the TBD.
• October 12, 1492 AD: The diseases spread upon Indigenous Americans by European colonizers were much less severe than IOTL, with the population only being reduced to just over 30 million by 1521. They continue growing to this day as a result, with numbers reaching as high as about 600 million, but sometimes as low as 90 million.
• c. 1499 AD:
  • The earliest functioning anemometer and helicopter were both first conceived.
  • Early theories of sound wave transmission were also proposed, and experimentation later led to the first primitive sound magnification systems used for public performances.

1500s

The Entire Decade

• Unknown date: Leonardo da Vinci and oþers experimented with and documented the use of the camera obscura for visual purposes.
• More coming soon!

1500

The founder of a united Italy, who lived from his birth in 1452 AD to his death in 1558 AD of natural causes at the advanced age of 105.

• January 5: Duke Ludovico Sforza recaptures Milan and successfully defends it from the French, leading to a strengthened Lombard League and permanently altering the course of Itallander politics and the Italian/Itallander Wars of Unification (OTL: Italian Wars, not to be confused with the Italian War from Parallelity of Parallelities). He will eventually unify Italy into one country altogether over three years later.
• March 24: The day after departing the Cape Verde Islands with the rest of Cabral's fleet, Vasco de Ataíde and his 150 crewmates almost die when their ship goes down in a storm. Thus, he instead died in 1521 AD, living about 21 years longer than IOTL.
• June 29: A combined force of troops from the Kingdom of France and from the Republic of Florence attempt to lay siege to the city of Pisa, but are driven out by the Lombard League.
• Unknown date in October: The development of early mechanical devices for sound transmission, including focusing on methods to preserve and reproduce sound, occurred; thus, sound recording and reproduction was finally invented with early mechanical phonautographs, albeit in a much more primitive and staticky state than in later decades and centuries that would come later in history.
• More coming soon!

1501

Coming soon!

1502

• August 1: The academic struggle against slavery began.
• More coming soon!

1503

• March 29: The Lombard League evolved into the then-new Itallander Confederation, promoting peace and mutual defense among Italian city-states ever since and unifying Italland much earlier than IOTL. Thus, Italland went from a divided set of smaller states joined into a league to a single, fully unified folkland altogether for the first time since 476 AD, officially ending the Italian Wars of Unification and causing many folklands to recognize it. The united Italy is sometimes known as the Second Roman Empire due to its ancient imperial roots.
• More coming soon!

1504

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1505

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1506

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1507

• April 17: The Great Library of Florence was established by the Medici family, becoming a hub for scholars across Europe and preventing the loss of numerous ancient texts.
• More coming soon!

1508

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1509

• August 19: Due to the then-new Great Library of Florence's growing impact, the books ordered by Maximilian I to be destroyed by all Jews within the Holy Roman Empire are instead left mostly to completely intact, permanently impacting the histories of literature and knowledge.
• More coming soon!

1510s

1510

• July 21: The Itallander Confederation repelled a Franklander invasion, solidifying its power and beginning a golden age of Renaissance culture.
• Unknown date: The concept of vibrating surfaces (like membranes) to reproduce sound became common in musical and acoustic experimentation.
• More coming soon!

1511

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1512

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1513

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1514

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1515

• April 1: The first real tank was completed in [TBD folkland].
• October 25: As the airship was invented in 1395 AD instead of OTL's 1852 AD, the modern aeroplane develops as early as 1515 AD rather than OTL's 1903 AD. The military role of aeroplanes will eventually develop not long after, and the first real internal combustion engine will develop in 1531 AD instead of OTL's 1853 AD, among other changes like:
  • [TBD change 1]
  • [TBD change 2]
  • [TBD change 3]
  • And so on...
• Unknown date:
  • Used as a tool for artists, the camera obscura becomes popular among artists and astronomers for tracing or mapping the night sky.
  • Various armies began adopting camouflage equipment and uniforms in response to seeing warfare become increasingly mechanized, and the transition finishes by c. 1532 AD. However, the rare exceptions include the English and eventually British Redcoats and Grenadiers, the Polish-Lithuanian-Galindian-Samogitian hussars, and TBA, the former of which eventually became the camouflage-clad Tommies by c. 1571 AD except for a modest number of now-ceremonial Redcoat and Grenadier units that are known as the [TBD ceremonial units].
• More coming soon!

1516

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1517

• May 1: The effects of Evil May Day are forcibly put to a stop, resulting in less foreigner deaths in London, England.
• October 31: Inspired by Italy’s cultural movement, Martin Luther’s ‘Reformation of Arts and Faith’ (OTL: Protestant Reformation) began, emphasizing the importance of art and science.
• More coming soon!

1518

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1519

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1520s

1520

• August 5: The ‘Pax Romana Nova’ (English: New Roman Peace) was declared by the Holy Roman Emperor and the Pope, leading to a series of treaties that lead to a lasting peace among many European nations.
• More coming soon!

1521

• April 28: The Aztecs successfully ambushed Spanish forces led by Hernán Cortés, forcing a retreat and preventing what would have become the fall of Tenochtitlan. This allowed the Aztec Empire to survive to the present day as a major power.
• More coming soon!

1522

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1523

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1524

• February 20: Tecun Uman, the K'iche' Maya ruler of Guatemala's highlands, never gets killed in what would have become a devastating battle near Quetzaltenango with Spanish conquistadors led by Pedro de Alvarado, who instead chose to engage more peacefully with the Indigenous peoples of the Americas from this day forward. Instead, he died much later than IOTL due to natural causes in 1573 rather than murder.
• More coming soon!

1525

NOTE: This year ITTL is NOT intended to mock any Holy Bibles in any way or form.

• May 5: The Italian Confederation brokered peace in the German lands, leading to a reformed but united Christendom which permanently altered the course of religious history. Even the Holy Bible underwent some relatively significant changes during this period.
• Unknown date: Mixco Viejo, capital of the Pocomans Maya State, never fell to the Spanish conquistadores of Pedro de Alvarado (in modern-day Guatemala), thus remaining a powerful city for a much longer amount of time than IOTL.
• More coming soon!

1526

• September 19: Spanish Muslims who had hidden in the Sierra de Espadán mountain range in Valencia and who were led by Selim Almanzo were overwhelmed by a German contingent of 3,000 soldiers from the Holy Roman Empire. However, after their defeat, 5,000 adult Muslims (including old men and women) were spared rather than massacred, forever changing global and religious histories.
• More coming soon!

1527

• January 5: Felix Manz, co-founder of the Swiss Anabaptists, never gets drowned in the Limmat in Zürich by the Zürich Reformed state church. Instead, he dies of old age in 1580.
• Unknown date: While the first city in Guatemala with European roots, namely Ciudad Vieja, still gets founded like IOTL, it was built collaboratively by Europeans and Indigenous peoples of the Americas rather than through what would have been a conquest.
• More coming soon!

1528

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1529

• September 1: Sancti Spiritu, the first European settlement in Argentina, never gets destroyed, instead becoming the first permanent European settlement in the Americas nearly a century before Jamestown in 1607.
• More coming soon!

1530s

1530

The oldest surviving camera photograph, View from the Window at Le Gras, was taken sometime in 1530 AD. On the right is the colorized version from 1645 AD.

• June 12: The Aztec Empire initiated the ‘Great Exchange’, a trade network with European powers, which marked the beginning of a new era of cultural and technological exchange.
• August 18: Stability in Europe and the Americas allows the Italian Confederation to sponsor more peaceful voyages of exploration than those before, making a significant discovery.
  • Butterfly Effects: Instead of being divided between France and Great Britain, Canada became a unified, nonviolent Italian colony which later becomes a dominion. Eventually, it became independent in 1701 instead of 1867.
• Unknown date: Inspired by early camera obscura, [TBD inventor and early photographer] took the oldest surviving camera photograph, namely View from the Window at Le Gras.
• More coming soon!

1531

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1532

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1533

• November 1: The Council of New Worlds was formed by Spain, Portugal, and the Italian Confederation to regulate colonization efforts and ensure fairer and more humane treatment of Indigenous peoples. Thus, many conflicts involving the former three and the latter from OTL such as the Battle of Reynogüelén and the Spanish conquest of the Muisca never came to be, so the aforementioned Indigenous peoples are declared free about a decade earlier than OTL. More countries eventually joined the Council of New Worlds, permanently altering global history.
  • Butterfly Effects: This event marks the end of Spanish slavery in the Americas (and eventually the Philippines), which was relatively short-lived ITTL.
• Unknown date: Early mechanical phonographs began to emerge.
• More coming soon!

1534

• March 30: The Buggery Act 1533 was almost approved via royal assent, but a few locals and immigrants tore it up just before then thanks to a more reformed but united Christendom arising back on May 5, 1525. Ergo, LGBTQIA2S+ became more popular and accepted in England as it never came to be dismissed as 'offensive' that day.
• April 5 (Easter Sunday): Anabaptist Jan Matthys never got killed by the Landsknechte due to a more reformed but united Christendom arising back in May 1525. Instead, he died of natural causes in 1583.
• More coming soon!

1535

• May 4: The English Carthusians faced less persecution due to a more reformed but united Christendom arising almost 10 years back (May 5, 1525).
• May 20: William Tyndale was never arrested in Antwerp due to a more reformed but united Christendom arising exactly 10 years and 15 days back (May 5, 1525), nor was he imprisoned in Vilvoorde.
• June 24: After the Münster Revolution (OTL: Münster Rebellion), instead of being conquered and disbanded, the Anabaptist state of Münster declared its official independence as a country via the Münsteraner Declaration of Independence.
• More coming soon!

1536

• January 22 – John of Leiden, Bernhard Knipperdolling and Bernhard Krechting were never executed in Münster due to the country successfully becoming independent rather than conquered. Instead, they all died of natural causes at much later dates than IOTL, eventually growing into seniors during their lifetime.
• February 25: Tyrolean Anabaptist leader Jacob Hutter, founder of the Hutterites, was never burned at the stake in Innsbruck, instead dying decades later at the ripe old age of 86 due to a more reformed but united Christendom arising back in 1525.
• October 6: English Bible translator William Tyndale lives a much longer life than IOTL due to never getting burned at the stake in Vilvoorde, Flanders. Thus, his death remained a mere hypothetical scenario in early alternate history books until much later.
• Unknown date: Various ideas, inventions, and installations began sufficing earlier than IOTL, marking the beginning of the Scientific Revolution a bit earlier than IOTL.
• More coming soon!

1537

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1538

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1539

• Lutheranism was still introduced into Iceland like IOTL, albeit less forcibly and without the opposition of Bishop Jón Arason.
• More coming soon!

1540s

1540

• September 7: The first pan-European congress was held in Rome, influenced by the spread of Renaissance humanism.
• October 18: Spanish conquistador Hernando de Soto never destroyed the fortified village of Mabila in modern-day Alabama, so paramount chief Tuskaloosa did not die until much later.
• More coming soon!

1541

• May 9: The Indigenous peoples of Siberia unite with the Khanate of Sibir to form a large independent nation known as the Khanate of Siberia, resisting future conquests by Russia. The khanate still exists today.
• More coming soon!

1542

• February 2: Due to a more reformed but united Christendom arising back in May 1525, what would have become the Battle of Baçente and its subsequent conflicts either never happened or were fought on a much smaller scale, resulting in a greater population of Muslims in what is now Ethiopia.
• More coming soon!

1543

• March 15: The then-newly started ‘Copernican Revelation’ led to a scientific and philosophical revolution, with the Church’s endorsement changing the course of European thought.
• More coming soon!

1544

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1545

• September 19: The Aztec Empire enacts isolation policies known as "Matzacqui" to combat the spread of smallpox. These efforts, combined with natural immunity, led to the survival of a significant portion of its population.
• More coming soon!

1546

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1547

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1548

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1549

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1550s

1550

• April 23: The Academy of New Humanity (Italian: Accademia di Nuova Umanità), which promotes education, science, and philosophy across Europe, was established.
• May 2: The then-new Academy of New Humanity became the intellectual hub of Europe, complete with a landmark symposium.
• October 1: The electric battery, which was invented by Alessandro Volta IOTL's 1800 AD, was invented since the phenomena of static electricity and electrostatic attraction were already known by then and earlier devices such as Leyden jars and electrophorus were used to store electric charge.
• More coming soon!

1551

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1552

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1553

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1554

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1555

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1556

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1557

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1558

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1559

• February 17: The Last Feud sees the Peasants’ Republic of Dithmarschen not only successfully repel the Danish invasion but also capture key nobles, eventually leading to a treaty signed on May 5th that acknowledged its sovereignty.
• May 5: The Treaty of Hemmingstedt, which saw the Danish crown recognize the full and undivided sovereignty of Dithmarschen, affirming its right to self-governance, freedom, and independence, was signed. From then on, this event was commemorated as Dithmarschen's independence day.
  • 1559-1600: Following the Treaty of Hemmingstedt, the then-new Dithmarschen decided to maintain its independence into modern times. By 1575, Dithmarschen, now simply known as the Republic of Dithmarschen, had fortified its borders and established a permanent military.
• Unknown date: Vinyl records became the standard medium for music recording, complete with the introduction of 78 rpm records.
• More coming soon!

1560s

1560

• May 5: The Aztec Empire signs the Treaty of Teotihuacan with various other Indigenous American nations, establishing a powerful alliance that spans much of North America.
• June 14: The European/Eurasian Council (basically OTL's European Union but nearly 400 years older/ealder) was established and thus marked the beginning of efforts towards a united Europe and, eventually, a united Eurasia.
• More coming soon!

1561

The oldest surviving color photograph, suggested in 1561 but not taken until 1567, features a colored ribbon which is usually described as a tartan ribbon.

• Unknown date: The first color photograph was suggested by [TBD well-known physicist], but will eventually be taken in 1567.
• More coming soon!

1562

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1563

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1564

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1565

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1566

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1567

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1568

• June 22: The ‘Edict of Universal Education’ was passed by the European Council, mandating basic education for all children in Europe.
• More coming soon!

1569

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1570s

1570

• January 1: The Decade of Reforms, a period where many European monarchies adopted constitutional frameworks, began there.
• Unknown date: Vinyl records solidify their place in the music industry by then, complete with long-playing records (LPs).
• More coming soon!

1571

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1572

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1573

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1574

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1575

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1576

• Unknown date: Advanced studies on animal intelligence began and the idea of animal rights as it is known today was first conceived.
• More coming soon!

1577

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1578

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1579

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1580s

1580

• August 23: The Aztec Empire unveils its reformed military, featuring a combination of traditional warfare tactics and then-modern European technology. The empire's then-newly-reformed military continues to evolve to this day with diverse techniques, weapons, and vehicles.
• October 19: The Treaty of Rome, which established a single market and free movement across Europe, was signed. This made immigration easier than IOTL and the impact of wars to be reduced.
• Unknown date: Albumen prints (photographs on paper coated with egg white) became popular.
• More coming soon!

1581

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1582

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1583

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1584

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1585

• September 29: The ‘Alliance of the Seas’ was established by maritime nations to protect trade routes and combat piracy.
• More coming soon!

1586

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1587

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1588

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1589

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1590s

1590

The Harmonious Expedition, a famously photorealistic painting from 1700 depicting the Italian settlement of New Humanity. Since the early 19th century, it has sometimes been mistaken for an early photograph.

• March 30: A significant Italian expedition established the world's first European settlement in New Humanity (Italian: Nova Umanità; OTL: Australia). Founded on the principles of the Academy of New Humanity, the settlement was and continues to be a beacon of peace and progress even today. The European (mostly but not entirely Italian) settlers, guided by the ideals of understanding and respect, engaged in peaceful trade and cultural exchange with the Indigenous peoples of New Humanity, so they established a society where knowledge and art flourish, and conflicts are resolved through dialogue and mutual agreement. This harmonious approach set a precedent for future European interactions with Indigenous populations around the world, leading to a more respectful and collaborative global history than IOTL despite occasional and often accidental diseases.
  • Butterfly Effects: Much of the destructive violence towards the Indigenous peoples of New Humanity (what the Indigenous peoples of Australia are known as ITTL) starting from January 1788 IOTL never occurred ITTL due to this very event. Thus, instead of gradually becoming five British colonies, New Humanity (OTL: Australia) simply became a singular Italian region until it peacefully declared independence in 1701 alongside Canada - a far cry from the very violent voyages (hey, those three words all begin with the letter V!) of Sikuunavik Humanity's past from another time, another place when the so-called Kingdom of Nunavut colonized and occupied its land instead alongside other not-so-peaceful settlers like the vast Mongol Colonial Empire.
• June 24: Dithmarschen entered a trade alliance with the Hanseatic League, enhancing its economic stability.
• Unknown date: Unknown date: TBD and the Polish-Lithuanian-Galindian-Samogitian winged hussars approached TBD to photograph the former's favorite trotter, namely TBD, in action. Initially, the latter thought it was completely impossible given the technology available at the time, but later created The Horse in Motion anyway.
• More coming soon!

1591

The original version of The Horse in Motion (1591)

• June 20: The Horse in Motion, a series of early cabinet cards by [TBD inventor and photographer], was completed.
• More coming soon!

1592

• December 10: The ‘Concord of Faiths’, which ended religious conflicts and established freedom of belief across Europe for (TBD length), was signed. Thus, many religious conflicts that would have happened this day forward like IOTL either never happened or were illegally fought on a much smaller scale.
• More coming soon!

1593

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1594

• May 12: Inspired by Italy's settlement in New Humanity that happened in 1590, Spain decided to conduct a peaceful expedition to Aotearoa (English/OTL: New Zealand), where peaceful trade, cultural exchange, and a harmonious society where knowledge and art flourish commenced. Conflicts were still resolved through dialogue and mutual agreement like before.
  • Butterfly Effects: Instead of 1947, Aotearoa gained full independence in 1709, preceded by becoming the very first Spanish autonomous community on January 1, 1600.
• More coming soon!

1595

• March 15: The Literary Revolution began in various countries, starting with Eurasia and eventually expanding to include other continents.
• More coming soon!

1596

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1597

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1598

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1599

• January 22 - Due to the Council of New Worlds being formed by Spain, Portugal, and the Italian Confederation back in 1533, what was the Acoma Massacre IOTL never happened. Ergo, in three days, 500 Acoma men and 300 women and children remain spared by the Spanish, leading to bigger families and many famous people.
• More coming soon!