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The Free Democrats (SPD) launched its campaign on 15 July 2021 in Jihlava, campaigning on withdrawing Czechoslovakia from the European Union, reducing social benefits from immigrants and the Roma minority, protecting the borders from migrants, as well as increasing salaries, child benefits and pensions. SD also presented a petition for the preservation of the Czechoslovak koruna. They warned against the influence of the Greens and Pirates, calling them an "authoritarian neo-Marxist mob hellbent on forcing them to become vegan and share their homes with migrants." |
The Free Democrats (SPD) launched its campaign on 15 July 2021 in Jihlava, campaigning on withdrawing Czechoslovakia from the European Union, reducing social benefits from immigrants and the Roma minority, protecting the borders from migrants, as well as increasing salaries, child benefits and pensions. SD also presented a petition for the preservation of the Czechoslovak koruna. They warned against the influence of the Greens and Pirates, calling them an "authoritarian neo-Marxist mob hellbent on forcing them to become vegan and share their homes with migrants." |
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| + | [[File:Robert Fico ČSSD campaign launch 2021 (WFAC).jpg|300px|thumb|left|Robert Fico during the launch of the ČSSD campaign, 22 August 2021.]] |
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The ČSSD campaign was officially launched on 22 August. They identified the life security of citizens as their top priority: namely the prevention of the privatization of health care, increasing public sector wages, increasing pensions, introduce a 35-hour work week, and expand public housing programs. They also vowed to abolish tax exemptions for large corporations, introduce taxes on assets over 100 million CZE, reduce VAT on foodstuff, combat climate change by constructing new nuclear reactors, and reducing migration. |
The ČSSD campaign was officially launched on 22 August. They identified the life security of citizens as their top priority: namely the prevention of the privatization of health care, increasing public sector wages, increasing pensions, introduce a 35-hour work week, and expand public housing programs. They also vowed to abolish tax exemptions for large corporations, introduce taxes on assets over 100 million CZE, reduce VAT on foodstuff, combat climate change by constructing new nuclear reactors, and reducing migration. |
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Revision as of 23:44, 22 September 2021
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← 2017
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On or before
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Elected Prime Minister
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The next Czechoslovak federal elections will be held in or before 16 October 2021. It will elect all 300 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and all 150 seats in the Senate will be elected, with MPs elected by party-list proportional representation and all Senators elected by first-past-the-post voting. The leader of the resulting government will become the Prime Minister.
Background
Previous election
In the previous election, held on 21 October 2017, Robert Fico and the Social Democrats (ČSSD) retained his position as prime minister after four years in power, while the party retained its position as the largest party. Fico then formed a coalition minority government with the National Social Party (ČSNS) and the right-wing populist Free Democrats (SD), supported by the Communist Party. The coalition thus secured a majority of 163 of the 300 seats in the Chamber of Deputies. Fico's second cabinet was sworn in on 27 November 2017, and passed its investiture vote on 12 December 2021.
The Republican Party RS) emerged as the second largest party and main opposition party. Other opposition parties included the Christian Democrats (ČSL/SĽS), who had served in Fico's first cabinet from 2013 to 2017, the Liberal Democratic Party (LDS) and the Greens (SZ).
Political developments
2018 state elections
In 2018, voters turned out to vote in state elections in both Czechia and Slovakia which were seen as a crucial test for Fico's policies. In Czechia, the election saw a small decline for the ČSSD and ČSNS, while the Greens increased their vote share. The RS and ČSL both achieved a small upswing, while the Free Democrats (SD) declined in vote share and seat count compared to a previous election. ČSSD remained the largest party with __._% of the votes. Michal Hašek of the ČSSD was subsequently re-elected Premier heading a new coalition government of the ČSSD, ČSNS, SZ and the ČSL.
In Slovakia, the ruling left-wing ČSSD arty remained the strongest party, but lost its majority. The RS and SĽS were defeated heavily, whilst the right-wing populist Free Democrats (SD) and the far-right nationalist Slovak National Party (SNS) increased their vote share. According to an exit poll, dissatisfaction with corruption and social issues led many to vote for SNS. Martin Glváč was replaced by Peter Pellegrini as Premier.
Murder of Ján Kuciak
On 21 February 2018, investigative journalist Ján Kuciak of the newspaper Lidové noviny was shot dead along with his fiancée, Martina Kušnírová, in their home in Veľká Mača, Galanta District, Slovakia. Kuciak focused mainly on investigating tax fraud of several businessmen with connections to top-level Czechoslovak politicians, as well as examined the work of the Italian mafia 'Ndrangheta in Czechoslovakia. According to the police, Mária Trošková, who was an assistant to Fico, could have ties to 'Ndrangheta. Kuciak's last article, published after his murder, alleged that Trošková and Viliam Jasaň, Fico's national security adviser, had links with Italian mafia bosses in Czechoslovakia, allegations both have categorically denied.
On 27 February, LDS and RS demanded the resignation of Interior Minister Robert Kaliňák and Police President Jan Švejdar. The crisis escalated on 4 March when President Čaputová made a live broadcast on state television, warning the government against further polarising the country. She called for either a "radical cabinet reshuffle" or a snap election. Čaputová's speech infuriated Fico, who accused her of "joining the opposition". Furthermore, he accused the president of conspiring with Hungarian-American billionaire George Soros in the planning of a coup d'etat. The Green Party, the junior coalition partner in the government, had demanded the resignation of Kaliňák in exchange for continued support of ČSSD. The next day, the Greens joined the calls for snap elections, announcing that it would leave the government if it failed to reach a deal with its two coalition partners, ČSSD and the Czechoslovak National Social Party (ČSNS). One of the Greens chairpersons, Petr Štěpánek, announced the decision after an eight-hour session of the party's decision-making body. When Fico refused to call for a snap election, the Greens left the government on 12 March. The Greens decided to support the minority government after Robert Kaliňák, Minister of the Interior, resigned on 15 March 2018 after weeks of mounting pressure.
The murders caused shock and disbelief throughout the country, sparking mass popular protests and a political crisis, with the government of Prime Minister Robert Fico on one side, and President Zuzana Čaputová and opposition parties on the other. On 2 March, up to 25,000 people gathered in Bratislava to commemorate the murdered couple. On 9 March, protests were held in 48 towns and cities in Czecholovakia as well as 17 other cities around the world. On 23 March 2018, A Million Moments for Democracy organized another protest against Prime Minister Fico. On 8 May, A Million Moments for Democracy organized a protest in Letná Park outside of the Federal Assembly building in Prague, in which about 250,000 people attended the rally, which was the largest anti-government demonstration since 1938.
2019 European elections
2020 local elections
In 2018, voters elected 82,546 members of local councils and 1,101 members of regional assemblies in 23 regions (except Prague and Bratislava) which then formed regional governments. The local election was a victory for the opposition parties, as the Republicans won the municipal elections in most regional cities, with ČSSD finishing first in Prague, Ostrava and Košice only. RS won the regional election with 23.8% of votes, narrowly ahead of the ČSSD. Other opposition parties made gains as well, while allies of ČSSD were heavily defeated.
Coalition of political parties
Following the 2017 elections, opposition parties began negotiations about potential electoral alliances. It was speculated that a liberal-conservative electoral blocs would be formed led by the RS, which would also include ČSL/SĽS and LDS, with Markéta Adamová as leader.
Markéta Adamová, Marian Jurečka, Milan Majerský, and Petr Fiala announcing the formation of the electoral alliance Spolu, 27 October 2020.
The RS leadership agreed to form an alliance on 25 October 2020, with a memorandum to be signed two days later. On 27 October 2020, Adamová, Marian Jurečka, Milan Majerský, and Petr Fiala announced that RS, ČSL/SĽS, and LDS would form an electoral alliance for the next legislative election, with RS leader Adamová as the alliance's candidate for Prime Minister. On 11 November 2020, the parties agreed that RS would nominate the leaders of the election lists in nine regions (nine in Czechia and five in Slovakia), ČSL in three regions, SĽS in three regions, and LDS in three regions (two in Czechia and one in Slovakia). The name of the alliance was announced as "Together" (Czech and Slovak: Spolu). Adamová was confirmed as the alliance's candidate for Prime Minister on 16 December 2020.
In early 2021, Tricolour – Czech Sovereignty and the Freedomites (Svobodní) began negotiations about a potential right-wing alliance. On 5 March 2021, these parties confirmed the formation of a coalition, stating that, depending on the new electoral law, they would run either in a formal electoral alliance or as a single party.
On 23 March 2021, a group of minor parties including the Civic Democratic Alliance, Public Affairs, Party of Common Sense and Health Sport Prosperity formed the Alliance for the Future, with Pavel Sehnal as leader.
COVID-19 pandemic
- Main article: Fico government's response to the COVID-19 pandemic
Fico holding a press conference during the COVID-19 pandemic, 2020.
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2), emerged as a serious crisis within the first few months of 2020. The first three confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Czechoslovakia was announced by the Minister of Health, Svatopluk Němeček, on 1 March 2020. On 12 March, the federal government declared a federal state of emergency, for the first time in the country's modern history for the area of the entire country. Fico worked closely with state governments, Czech Premier Michal Hašek, Slovak Premier Peter Pellegrini and President Zuzana Čaputová to coordinate the response to the pandemic on both federal and state levels. Fico was praised for his handling of the pandemic and the swift initial response to the coronavirus crisis. On 21 April, the government announced a four-phase plan for gradual lifting of restrictions beginning the following day and ending on 20 May.
While Czechoslovakia was praised for its swift initial response to the COVID-19 crisis in th spring, the rapidly rising numbers of infected cases during September resulted in Fico's government facing increasing criticism over what the opposition called "bad crisis management." A new federal state of emergency had to be declared on 30 September with new restrictions put in effect on 5 October. Face masks were again made compulsory. In October, a decision was taken to try to test every adult in the country. On 31 October and 1 November tests were undertaken in 15,000 test centres. By Sunday evening the testing campaign concluded with more than 10.62 million people tested.
On 26 December 2020, Czechoslovak authorities began administering their first doses of Pfizer-BioNTech's BNT162b2 vaccine (Tozinameran), as Czechoslovakia started vaccinations ahead of most European Union countries. As the third wave of the coronavirus pandemic deepened, emotions began to run high as the people became increasingly COVID-fatigued and criticized the government's restrictions and poor handling of the second and third waves of infections. On 27 December 2020, Czechoslovakia returned to the highest level of lockdown. On 10 January 2021, some 3,000 protesters gathered on Old Town Square on Sunday and called for an end to what they describe as “Covid terror” and urged civil disobedience once the state of emergency in the country ends. By February 2021, 1,264,900 million people in Czechoslovakia had been infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus and 22,235 had lost their lives.
On 28 February 2021, Fico and the Czechoslovak government announced they had signed a deal to acquire 4 million doses of the Sputnik V vaccine, stating that 2 million shots would arrive in the next two months while another two million would arrive in May and June. While the vaccine had not been registered by the Federative Institute for Drug Control (Federativní ústav pro kontrolu léčiv, FÚKL), the deal was made possible by Health Minister Lenka Arnoštová's approval. Fico said they would not wait for the European Medicines Agency (EMA) to give the green light, stating that "All we need is a stamp from FÚKL". The deal would speed up the vaccination program by 40%. Fico had kept the deal secret, announcing it only after a military cargo plane with the 200,000 doses of the vaccine had landed in the eastern Slovak city of Košice. The deal triggered a political crisis, as the opposition united in criticism of the deal. The Green Party didn't rule out an option to withdraw parliamentary support for Fico's cabinet, while RS and SPOLU leader Markéta Adamová branded the conduct of the prime minister a grave mistake, called the vaccine a tool in the Soviet hybrid war against the West. President Zuzana Čaputová also criticised the purchase of the vaccine, saying that Sputnik V wasn't one of the approved vaccines because "there’s no responsible authority to guarantee its safety."
By June 2021, most students had returned to schools while restaurants, bars, clubs, swimming pools, saunas and casinos were allowed to reopen. In connection with the spread of the Delta mutation, the rules for entering Czechoslovakia was tightened from 9 July. As of 1 August, 59.2% of the population has received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine, while 51.1% has been been fully vaccinated.
Electoral system
The 300 members of the Chamber of Deputies are elected from 25 multi-member constituencies (each usually electing between five and 25 members) using open list proportional representation, in which they could give preferential votes for up to four candidates on their chosen list. Seats are allocated using the d'Hondt method, with a electoral threshold at 4% threshold for single parties and 8% threshold for coalitions (requirements waived for national minorities). The members of the Senate are elected using first-past-the-post voting in 150 single-member districts; 75 in each republic. To be included on a ballot, a senate candidate has to present 2,000 signatures of support from their constituents. Should a party have 151 or more deputies in the Chamber of Deputies, it has an absolute majority and can thus govern autonomously, without the need for support from other parties. The constitution can be amended with a super majority of two-thirds, or 301 members of the Federal Assembly.
The Czechoslovak constitution states that elections to the Federal Assembly must be held every four years. Polling days in Czechoslovakia are on Saturdays. The exact date of the election is to be chosen by the President, who is obliged to call it at least 60 days prior to the expiration of the electoral term and ending on the day of its expiration. If the Chamber of Deputies is dissolved, elections shall be held within 60 days of its dissolution. President Alexander Dubček announced 6 April 1991 as election day.
It was expected that the 2021 election would be held with the same electoral system, but on 2 February 2021 the Constitutional Court made a decision on the complaint from a group of Senators which were members of Mayors and Independents, ČSL/SĽS and the Greens. The complaint stated that electoral system is unproportional as it favours larger parties. The complaint focused on the D'Hondt method method, the division of the country to 25 constituencies and the increased electoral threshold for alliances. The Constitutional Court's decision was published on 3 February 2021. It set the threshold for alliances at 5% instead of the previous 8%. Additionally, it removed some provisions relating to seat allocation. New provisions must be put into law before the election.
Leadership changes
The RS leader Miroslav Kalousek announced his resignation few days after the 2017 election. He was then replaced by Markéta Adamová on 14 January 2018 at the RS congress in Ostrava. Leadership of the SMK-MKP, which was led by Béla Bugár, was taken over by Szabolcs Mózes on 26 November 2017.
At the ČSL congress in March 2019, Marek Výborný was elected new chairman. However, on 30 September 2019 Výborný's wife passed away and Výborný became a sole parent of three children. Subsequently, on 19 November 2019 Výborný announced that he would resign as party chairman at an extraordinary congress of the party. On 25 January 2020 Marian Jurečka was elected elected new chairman.
On 13 December 2019 SĽS leader Ján Figeľ announced his resignation. He was then replaced by Milan Majerský at the congress in Prešov on 1 February 2020.
Participating parties
The parties that had been elected to the Federal Assembly in the previous election and still were represented had the right to participate in the federal elections - that is, they were automatically eligible for the election.
New parties wishing to participate in the election should send their application to the Minister of the Interior by 12:00 P.M. fifteen days before the election. Together with the application papers, the party had to submit a number of signatures corresponding at least to 1/300th of all valid votes cast at the last federal elections. In that election, 11,197,823 valid votes were cast, and a new party should therefore collect at least 37,326 signatures to become eligible for the election.
The following 31 parties or lists has met the requirements to participate in the election to the Chamber of Deputies or the Senate:
Parliamentary parties
| List | Party | Leader | Main ideology | Position | 2017 result | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chamber of Deputies | Senate | |||||||||||
| Votes (%) | Seats | Votes (%) | Seats | |||||||||
| 1 | ČSSD | Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party Československá strana sociálně demokratická Československá strana sociálno demokratická |
Robert Fico | Social democracy | Centre-left | 29.30% | 98 / 300
|
0.00% | 0 / 150
| |||
| 2 | SPOLU | RS | Republican Party Republikánská strana Republikánska strana |
Markéta Adamová | Conservatism Christian democracy Liberalism |
Centre-right to right-wing | 20.75% | 65 / 300
|
0.00% | 0 / 150
| ||
| ČSL | Czechoslovak People's Party Československá strana lidová |
Marian Jurečka | 4.91% | 16 / 300
|
0.00% | 0 / 150
| ||||||
| SĽS | Slovak People's Party Slovenská ľudová strana |
Milan Majerský | 3.15% | 10 / 300
|
0.00% | 0 / 150
| ||||||
| LDS | Liberal Democratic Party Liberální demokratická strana Liberálna demokratická strana |
Petr Fiala | 4.98% | 16 / 300
|
0.00% | 0 / 150
| ||||||
| 3 | SD | Free Democrats Svobodní demokraté Slobodní demokrati |
Boris Kollár | National conservatism Right-wing populism Euroscepticism |
Right-wing to far-right | 10.14% | 32 / 300
|
0.00% | 0 / 150
| |||
| 4 | KSČ | Communist Party of Czechoslovakia Komunistická strana Československa |
Vojtěch Filip | Eurocommunism Marxism–Leninism |
Left-wing to far-left | 6.47% | 20 / 300
|
0.00% | 0 / 150
| |||
| 5 | ČSNS | Czechoslovak National Social Party Československá strana národně sociální Československá strana národne sociálnu |
Lubomír Zaorálek | Socialist nationalism Democratic socialism |
centre-left to left-wing | 4.78% | 15 / 300
|
0.00% | 0 / 150
| |||
| 6 | ZPS | SZ | Green Party Strana zelených |
Magdalena Davis | Green politics Pirate politics Progressivism Decentralization |
Centre to centre-left | 4.13% | 15 / 300
|
3.50% | 3 / 150
| ||
| Piráti | Czechoslovak Pirate Party Československá pirátská strana Československá pirátska strana |
Ivan Bartoš | 1.69% | 0 / 300
|
3.14% | 1 / 150
| ||||||
| STAN | Mayors and Independents Starostové a nezávislí Starostovia a nezávislí |
Vít Rakušan | 0.68% | 0 / 300
|
5.08% | 8 / 150
| ||||||
| 7 | SDVP | Sudeten German People's Party Sudetendeutsche Volkspartei Sudetoněmecká lidová strana |
Bernd Posselt | German minority interests | Centre | 2.18% | 4 / 300
|
0.00% | 0 / 150
| |||
| 8 | SMK-MKP | Party of the Hungarian Community Magyar Közösség Pártja–Strana maďarskej komunity |
Szabolcs Mózes | Hungarian minority interests | Centre | 1.99% | 4 / 300
|
0.00% | 0 / 150
| |||
| 9 | SNS | Slovak National Party Slovenská národná strana |
Andrej Danko | Slovak nationalism National conservatism Autonomism |
Right-wing to far-right | 1.62% | 5 / 300
|
0.00% | 0 / 150
| |||
| Independents | 0.00% | 0 / 150
| ||||||||||
Other parties
| List | Party | Leader | Main ideology | Position | 2017 result | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chamber of Deputies |
Senate | |||||||||
| 10 | T–S | Svobodní | Freedomites Svobodní Slobodní |
Libor Vondráček | Classical liberalism Right-libertarianism Hard Euroscepticism |
Right-wing | 0.98% (0 seats) | 0.00% (0 seats) | ||
| Trikolóra | Tricolour – Czech Sovereignty Trikolóra – Česká suverenita |
Zuzana Majerová Zahradníková | Czech nationalism National conservatism |
Right-wing to far-right | 0.11% (0 seats) | 0.00% (0 seats) | ||||
| 11 | APB | Alliance for the Future Aliance pro budoucnost Aliancia pre budúcnosť |
Pavel Sehnal | Conservative liberalism Anti-corruption Direct democracy |
Centre-right | New | ||||
| SZR | Party of Common Sense Strana zdravého rozumu |
Petr Hannig | Conservatism Nationalism |
Right-wing | 0.38% (0 seats) | 0.00% (0 seats) | ||||
| VV | Public Affairs Věci veřejné Veci verejné |
Jiří Kohout | Direct democracy anti-corruption |
Centre-right | 0.15% (0 seats) | 0.00% (0 seats) | ||||
| ODA | Civic Democratic Alliance Občanská demokratická aliance Občianska demokratická aliancia |
Pavel Sehnal | Conservative liberalism | Centre-right | 0.11% (0 seats) | 0.00% (0 seats) | ||||
| ZSP | Health Sport Prosperity Zdraví Sport Prosperita Zdravie Šport Prosperita |
Zdeněk Kubec | Sports interests Health interests |
Syncretic | 0.11% (0 seats) | 0.00% (0 seats) | ||||
| 12 | KAN | Club of Committed Non-Party Members Klub angažovaných nestraníků Klub angažovaných nestraníkov |
František Laudát | Direct democracy Liberalism |
Syncretic | 0.49% (0 seats) | 0.00% (0 seats) | |||
| 13 | Moraváne | Moravians Moravané |
Ctirad Musil | Regionalism Autonomism |
Centre | 0.13% (0 seats) | 0.00% (0 seats) | |||
| 14 | DSSS/RSSS | Workers' Party of Social Justice Dělnická strana sociální spravedlnosti Robotnícka strana sociálnej spravodlivosti |
Tomáš Vandas | Neo-Nazism Ultranationalism Hard euroscepticism |
Far-right | 0.11% (0 seats) | 0.00% (0 seats) | |||
| 15 | MOST-HÍD | MOST-HÍD – People's Party MOST-HÍD polgári párt – občianska strana |
László Solymos | Liberal conservatism Hungarian minority interests |
Centre to centre-right | 0.11% (0 seats) | 0.00% (0 seats) | |||
| 16 | BPI | Bloc against Islamization – Defense of the Homeland |
Josef Zickler | Anti-immigration Hard euroscepticism Czechoslovakism |
Far-right | 0.09% (0 seats) | 0.00% (0 seats) | |||
| 17 | Referendum o EU | Referendum on the European Union Referendum o evropské unii Referendum o európskej unii |
František Matějka | Right-wing populism Hard euroscepticism |
Far-right | 0.08% (0 seats) | 0.00% (0 seats) | |||
| 18 | Monarchisté | Czech Crown – Monarchist Party of Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia and Slovakia Koruna Česká – Monarchistická strana Čech, Moravy, Slezska a Slovenska Koruna Česká – Monarchistická strana Čiech, Moravy, Sliezska a Slovenska |
Radim Špaček | Royalism Social conservatism |
Right-wing | 0.02% (0 seats) | 0.00% (0 seats) | |||
| 19 | MDS | Masaryk Democratic Party Masarykova demokratická strana |
Michal Chromec | Progressivism Masarykism |
Centre | 0.01% (0 seats) | 0.00% (0 seats) | |||
| 20 | Ostravak | Ostravak Movement Ostravak |
Tomáš Málek | Local politics | Centre | N/A | 0.00% (1 seat) | |||
| 21 | MHS | Marek Hilšer for Senate Marek Hilšer do Senátu |
Marek Hilšer | Social liberalism Syncretic politics |
Centre | N/A | 0.00% (1 seat) | |||
| 22 | HPP | Movement for Prague 11 Hnutí pro Prahu 11 |
Ladislav Kos | Local politics | Centre | N/A | 0.00% (1 seat) | |||
| 23 | SLK | New future for the Liberec Region Starostové pro Liberecký kraj |
Martin Půta | Local politics | Centre | N/A | 0.00% (1 seat) | |||
| 24 | HPP | Independents for Žilina Nezávislí pre Žilinu |
Peter Dobeš | Local politics | Centre | N/A | 0.00% (1 seat) | |||
| 25 | SNK | SNK European Democrats SNK Evropští demokraté SNK Európski demokrati |
Zdeňka Marková | Liberal conservatism Pro-Europeanism |
Centre to centre-right | Did not contest | 0.00% (0 seats) | |||
| 26 | Senioři | Seniors 21 Senioři 21 Seniori 21 |
Jaromír Fojtík | Pensioners' interests | Centre | New | ||||
| 27 | ANO 2018 | Action of Dissatisfied Citizens 2018 Akce nespokojených občanů 2018 Akcia nespokojných občanov 2018 |
Andrej Babiš | Populism Conservative liberalism |
Syncretic | New | ||||
| 28 | Levice | Left Levice Ľavica |
Vojtěch Roček Veronika Balušíková |
Democratic socialism | Left-wing | New | ||||
| 29 | MTD | WE HAVE HAD ENOUGH! MÁME TOHO DOST! MÁME TOHO DOSŤ! |
František Oravec | Agrarianism Euroscepticism Regionalism |
Syncretic | New | ||||
| 30 | P | Oath Přísaha Prísaha |
Robert Šlachta | Anti-corruption Populism |
Centre | New | ||||
Prime minister candidates
| Portrait | Name | Most recent position | Endorsed by | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Robert Fico (1964–) |
(since 2013) |
ČSSD, ČSNS | |
| Other positions Leader of the ČSSD (since 2010) Premier of Slovakia (2002–2010) Member of the Slovak National Assembly (1998–2010) Member of the Chamber of Deputies (1991–1998, since 2010) | ||||
|
Markéta Adamová (1984–) |
(since 2020) |
SPOLU (RS, ČSL, SĽS, LDS) | |
| Other positions Leader of the Republican Party (since 2018) Member of the Chamber of Deputies (since 2013) | ||||
Campaign
Marketa Adamová during a campaign event in Prague, 10 September 2021.
SPOLU launched its campaign on 19 May 2021 in Brno. The campaign's slogan is "We will bring the Czechoslovakia together". SPOLU promised to reform tax, the social and pension system, and healthcare. Its proposals included a minimum pension, a simplification of social benefits, support for education, and better use of European Union funds, as well as a focus on climate change. It opposes "Czexit" and supports membership of NATO. SPOLU also wanted to weaken its links with its Visegrád Group partners Hungary and Poland due to their democratic failings and look for alternative alliances with the liberal western Europe. SPOLU and RS leader Markéta Adamová described the alliance as a centre-right liberal conservative political force that has traditions at its heart but with a modern view of the world. SPOLU would, according to Adamová, create a functional and more comprehensible state instead of the helplessness and false politics of the Fico government. SPOLU planned to use Dominik Feri as the face of an Instagram campaign targeting young voters entitled "I have a voice". However, in May 2021 Feri resigned from his political posts after being accused of sexual assault and rape by eight women, and the campaign was withdrawn.
The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ) launched its campaign on 4 June 2021. Leader Vojtěch Filip said that a vote for KSČ means certainty for the future. KSČ named its five priorities as: help for children in need; better conditions for life and safety; the right to a dignified life and better environment; a higher minimum wage; and shorter working periods. Filip also stated his party's wish to leave NATO and establish better relationships with the Soviet Union and China.
The Greens, Pirates and Mayors (ZPS) launched their campaign in Bratislava on 18 May 2021, with the slogans "Let's give the country back its future" (Czech: Vraťme zemi budoucnost, Slovak: Vráťme zemi budúcnosť). Priorities of their campaign included protection of the climate and environmentalism, better availability of health care in the regions, transparent governance, and feminist issues. Other priorities included reform of the debt collection system, digitalisation, and education. At a press conference on 24 June 2021, the Greens and Pirates launched an anti-corruption campaign, publishing a list of the 10 biggest corruption cases since 1989, primarily involving RS and the ruling ČSSD.
The ČSNS campaign was launched in Prague on 3 July. ČSNS listed strengthening the public health care sector, increasing government shares in vital industries, a higher minimum wage, and strengthening schools and higher education as their key priority.
The Free Democrats (SPD) launched its campaign on 15 July 2021 in Jihlava, campaigning on withdrawing Czechoslovakia from the European Union, reducing social benefits from immigrants and the Roma minority, protecting the borders from migrants, as well as increasing salaries, child benefits and pensions. SD also presented a petition for the preservation of the Czechoslovak koruna. They warned against the influence of the Greens and Pirates, calling them an "authoritarian neo-Marxist mob hellbent on forcing them to become vegan and share their homes with migrants."
Robert Fico during the launch of the ČSSD campaign, 22 August 2021.
The ČSSD campaign was officially launched on 22 August. They identified the life security of citizens as their top priority: namely the prevention of the privatization of health care, increasing public sector wages, increasing pensions, introduce a 35-hour work week, and expand public housing programs. They also vowed to abolish tax exemptions for large corporations, introduce taxes on assets over 100 million CZE, reduce VAT on foodstuff, combat climate change by constructing new nuclear reactors, and reducing migration.
In response to the 2021 South Moravia tornado, all parties interrupted its campaign in South Moravia and instead donated money to help people in the affected areas.
From January to early June, most polls put the SPOLU opposition coalition several percentage points ahead of ČSSD. The run-up to the election has also been overshadowed by the turmoil in the ČSSD between the liberal and populist wings. The liberal wing led by Pellegrini and Sobotka and the populist wing led by Fico and Hašek had long been crossing swords behind the scenes. While Fico has come to symbolize the failures of the scandal-riddled party, especially in light of the investigation into Kuciak's murder, Pellegrini and Sobotka were perceived to embody a more liberal and scandal-free image of the social democratic party. Both Pellegrini and Sobotka had previously expressed their desire to take up ČSSD's mantle and openly urged Robert Fico to step down from ČSSD's leadership in order for the party to renew itself, behind-the-scenes negotiations has failed to bridge the gap between the two wings.
However, ČSSD's popularity surged during the summer, which was credited to a combination of Czechoslovakia getting over the worst of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the ČSSD's more masterful handling of pre-election campaigning. Fico successfully managed to bring different topics into the election game, especially playing the migration card against SPOLU and ZPS, which he claimed was "too friendly" towards immigration. Fico's campaign has been described as more direct, less nuanced and to some extent even stereotypical, which resonated well with his electorate. The opposition had trouble matching his style. During the campaign, Fico frequently claimed that the election was "the last chance to protect our national interests, living standards, our culture,", warning that the opposition would hand over national sovereignty to Brussels and "break up" the Visegrád Group alliance with Hungary and Poland. He also claimed that "As long as I am prime minister, we will not accept a single illegal migrant". Fico also insisted on a 6 percent pay raise in the public sector from 2022.
Climate
Climate change and nuclear energy emerged as two of the most contentious topics in the election. A string of hot, dry summers that took a toll on the country's environment have contributed to massive climate protests, which put emissions-reduction efforts at the heart of public debate. With the coal power phase-out, the government of Robert Fico also implemented steps seen as crucial for climate neutrality by the 2050. At the same time, issues like reviving renewables expansion, transforming the car industry, green hydrogen production and carbon pricing are all energy transition challenges that continue to split opinions along party lines.
Both SPOLU and the ČSSD campaigned on making Czechoslovakia CO2-neutral in 2050 by focusing on nuclear energy. Fico accused the Greens of an anti-industry approach, warning that stricter regulations would push industry out of Czechoslovakia. Despite fierce opposition from Austria and Germany, there is widespread political and public support for nuclear power, and in December 2014 the Czechoslovak Ministry of presented its long-term energy strategy which stating that expanding nuclear power is vital to ensure energy security while also reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Key to the strategy was the construction of six new reactors by 2040. While most parties (ČSSD, ČSNS, KSČ, SD and the SPOLU coalition) supported the expansion of nuclear power, the Green Party called for a phase-out of nuclear power.
Fico has announced that including the Soviet and Chinese firms in the tender will be included in the ČSSD manifesto, while SMOLU has announced they would exclude the Soviet and Chinese firms. However, on 18 April 2021 Trade Minister Petr Dolínek said that the Soviets' Sovatom would be excluded from the nuclear tender as a result of the 2021 Czechoslovak–Soviet diplomatic crisis.
Electoral debates
The Czechoslovak federal broadcaster ČST and its news channel ČST24 will organize four main debates during the election. ČST and CNN also broadcast a series of smaller online debates with spokespeople from the ten biggest parties on various issues, including national security, healthcare, foreign policy and infrastructure, among others. The private television channel TV Nova will organize three debates.
| Czechoslovak federal election debates | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Date | Organiser | P Present NI Non-invitee A Absent invitee | |||||||||||||
| ČSSD | SPOLU | SD | KSČ | ČSNS | SDVP | SMK-MKP | SZ | SNS | Piráti | Tricolour | ANO 2018 | ||||
| 6 March | ČST24 | P Maláčová |
P Fiala (LDS) |
P Okamura |
P Grospič |
P Klusáček |
NI | NI | NI | NI | NI | NI | NI | ||
| 24 April | ČST24 | NI | NI | NI | NI | NI | P Posselt |
P Mózes |
P Pilinský |
P Danko |
P Bartoš |
P Zahradníková |
P Babiš | ||
| 2 July | CNN Prima News | NI | NI | NI | NI | P Klusáček |
P Posselt |
P Mózes |
P Pilinský |
P Danko |
NI | NI | NI | ||
| P Maláčová |
P Majerský (SĽS) |
P Okamura |
P Grospič |
NI | NI | NI | NI | NI | NI | NI | NI | ||||
| 7 October | Nova | P Fico |
P Adamová (RS) |
P Kollár |
NI | NI | NI | NI | NI | NI | NI | NI | NI | ||
Opinion polls
Poll results are listed in the tables below in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed in bold, and the background shaded in the leading party's colour. In case of a tie, then no figure is shaded. Poll results use the date the survey's fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. However, if this date is unknown, the date of publication will be given instead. There is an electoral threshold of 4% for political parties (excluding minority parties).
| Date | Polling Firm | ČSSD | SPOLU | SD | ČSNS | KSČ | ZaP | SDVP | SMK-MKP | ANO 2018 | ODA/APB | SNS | T–S | Others | Lead | Govt. + sup. |
Opp. | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RS | ČSL | SĽS | LDS | Zelení | Piráti | STAN | Trikolóra | Svobodní | |||||||||||||||
| 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2–11 Sep 2021 | Median | 28.8% | 27.1% | 10.7% | 3.5% | 4.9% | 8.6% | 2.1% | 2.1% | 4.9% | 3.1% | 1.1% | 2.4% | 0.7% | 1.7% | 43.0% | 45.9% | ||||||
| 1–10 Sep 2021 | CVVM | 25.4% | 22.1% | 10.5% | 3.3% | 6.0% | 10.6% | 2.1% | 2.1% | 6.0% | N/A | 1.5% | 4.6% | 5.8% | 3.3% | 39.2% | 44.4% | ||||||
| 2–9 Sep 2021 | Sanep | 25.7% | 27.8% | 10.2% | 5.1% | 5.9% | 7.8% | 2.1% | 2.1% | 4.9% | 3.0% | 1.1% | 2.6% | 1.7% | 2.1% | 41.0% | 46.8% | ||||||
| 31 Aug – 8 Sep 2021 | STEM | 32.4% | 25.0% | 11.8% | 4.4% | 5.4% | 8.0% | 2.3% | 2.3% | 4.1% | N/A | 1.5% | 1.3% | 1.5% | 7.4% | 48.6% | 44.5% | ||||||
| 31 Aug – 8 Sep 2021 | Kantar CS | 25.0% | 28.0% | 9.0% | 4.0% | 5.5% | 11.0% | 2.1% | 2.1% | 4.5% | N/A | 1.5% | 3.5% | 3.8% | 3.0% | 38.0% | 50.2% | ||||||
| 1 Aug – 2 Sep 2021 | Median | 27.0% | 26.0% | 9.0% | 4.5% | 6.0% | 11.5% | 2.1% | 2.1% | 5.0% | N/A | 1.4% | 3.0% | 2.4% | 1.0% | 40.5% | 49.1% | ||||||
Results
Chamber of Deputies
| ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coalition | Party | Popular vote | Seats | |||||
| Votes | % | ± | Total | ± | ||||
| Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party (ČSSD) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | ▬ 0 | ||||
| SPOLU | Republican Party (RS) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | ▬ 0 | |||
| Czechoslovak People's Party (ČSL) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | ▬ 0 | ||||
| Slovak People's Party (SĽS) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | ▬ 0 | ||||
| Liberal Democratic Party (LDS) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | ▬ 0 | ||||
| Total | 0.00% | 0 | ||||||
| Free Democrats (SD) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | ▬ 0 | ||||
| Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | ▬ 0 | ||||
| ZaP | Green Party (SZ) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | ▬ 0 | |||
| Czechoslovak Pirate Party (Piráti) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | ▬ 0 | ||||
| Total | 0.00% | 0 | ||||||
| Czechoslovak National Social Party (ČSNS) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | ▬ 0 | ||||
| Sudeten German People's Party (SDVP) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | ▬ 0 | ||||
| Party of the Hungarian Community (SMK-MKP) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | ▬ 0 | ||||
| Slovak National Party (SNS) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | ▬ 0 | ||||
| T–S | Freedomites (Svobodní) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | ||||
| Tricolour – Czech Sovereignty (Trikolóra) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Total | 0.00% | |||||||
| Mayors and Independents (STAN) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Alliance for the Future |
Civic Democratic Alliance (ODA) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | ||||
| Public Affairs (VV) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Party of Common Sense (SZR) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Health Sport Prosperity (ZSP) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Total | 0.00% | |||||||
| Club of Committed Non-Party Members (KAN) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Moravians (Moraváne) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Workers' Party of Social Justice (DSSS/RSSS) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| MOST-HÍD – People's Party (DSSS/RSSS) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Bloc against Islamization – Defense of the Homeland (BPI) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Referendum on the European Union (Referendum o EU) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Czech Crown – Monarchist Party (Monarchisté) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Masaryk Democratic Party (MDS) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| SNK European Democrats (SNK) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Seniors 21 (Senioři) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| ANO 2018 | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Left (Levice) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| WE HAVE HAD ENOUGH! (MTD) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Oath (P) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Total | 0 | 100.00% | 300 | |||||
| Valid votes | 0 | 0.00% | ||||||
| Blank or invalid votes | 0 | 0.00% | ||||||
| Votes cast / turnout | 0 | 0.00% | ||||||
| Abstentions | 0 | 0.00% | ||||||
| Registered voters | 0 | |||||||
Results by state
 Czechia
|
 Slovakia
| |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | Seats | # | % | Seats | |||
| ČSSD | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | ||
| RS | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | ||
| ČSL | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| SĽS | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| KSČ | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | ||
| ČSNS | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | ||
| LDS | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | ||
| SZ | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | ||
| SD | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | ||
| SDVP | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| SMK-MKP | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| ODA | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | ||
| SNS | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| ANO 2018 | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | ||
| VV | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | ||
| SZR | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | ||
| Piráti | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | ||
| MTD | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | ||
| LSU | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | ||
| SS | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | ||
| Total | 0 | 100.00% | 206 | 0 | 100.00% | 94 | ||
| Valid votes | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | ||||
| Blank or invalid votes |
0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | ||||
| Votes cast / turnout | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | ||||
| Abstentions | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | ||||
| Registered voters |
0 | 0 | ||||||
Senate
Map of the winning party of each 150 senate seats.
| ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parties | Votes | Seats | ||||||
| Votes | % | Total | ± | |||||
| Czechia
| ||||||||
| Republican Party (RS) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party (ČSSD) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Czechoslovak People's Party (ČSL) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Free Democrats (SD) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Liberal Democratic Party (LDS) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Czechoslovak National Social Party (ČSNS) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Green Party (SZ) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Sudeten German People's Party (SDVP) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Mayors and Independents (STAN) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Marek Hilšer for Senate | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| ANO 2018 | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Civic Democratic Alliance (ODA) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Czechoslovak Pirate Party (Piráti) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Public Affairs (VV) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Liberal-Social Union (LSU) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Party of Common Sense (SZR) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| WE HAVE HAD ENOUGH! (MTD) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Socialist Party (SS) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Independents | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Total in the Czech Federative Republic | 00 | 100.00% | 75 | |||||
| Valid votes | 0 | 0.00% | ||||||
| Blank or invalid votes | 0 | 0.00% | ||||||
| Votes cast / turnout | 0 | 00.00% | ||||||
| Abstentions | 0 | 0.00% | ||||||
| Registered voters | 0 | |||||||
| Slovakia
| ||||||||
| Republican Party (RS) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party (ČSSD) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Slovak People's Party (SĽS) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Liberal Democratic Party (LDS) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Party of the Hungarian Community (SMK-MKP) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Free Democrats (SD) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Czechoslovak National Social Party (ČSNS) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Green Party (SZ) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Slovak National Party (SNS) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Mayors and Independents (STAN) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| ANO 2018 | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Civic Democratic Alliance (ODA) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Czechoslovak Pirate Party (Piráti) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Public Affairs (VV) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Liberal-Social Union (LSU) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Party of Common Sense (SZR) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| WE HAVE HAD ENOUGH! (MTD) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Socialist Party (SS) | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Independents | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | |||||
| Total in the Slovak Federative Republic | 0 | 100.00% | 75 | |||||
| Valid votes | 0 | 0.00% | ||||||
| Blank or invalid votes | 0 | 0.00% | ||||||
| Votes cast / turnout | 0 | 0.00% | ||||||
| Abstentions | 0 | 0.00% | ||||||
| Registered voters | 0 | |||||||
 Czechoslovak Federative Republic
| ||||||||
| Total | 0 | 100.00% | 150 | |||||
| Valid votes | 0 | 0.00% | ||||||
| Blank or invalid votes | 0 | 0.00% | ||||||
| Votes cast / turnout | 0 | 0.00% | ||||||
| Abstentions | 0 | 0.00% | ||||||
| Registered voters | 0 | |||||||
See also
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