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| Aécio Neves | |
|---|---|
| |
| 35th President of Brazil | |
| In office March 15, 2015 – March 15, 2023 | |
| Vice President | Aloysio Nunes (2015-2016) João Doria (2016-2023) |
| Preceded by | José Alencar |
| Succeeded by | Eduardo Leite |
| Governor of Minas Gerais | |
| In office March 15, 2003 – March 28, 2010 | |
| Lieutenant | Antônio Anastasia |
| Preceded by | José Alencar |
| Succeeded by | Antônio Anastasia |
| Federal Deputy for Minas Gerais | |
| In office February 1, 1987 – December 17, 1993 | |
| Senator of Minas Gerais | |
| In office February 5, 1995 – July 22, 2002 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | March 10, 1960 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil |
| Political party | MDB (1986-1989)
|
| Spouse(s) | Letícia Neves (2013 -) |
| Children | 2 |
Aécio Neves da Cunha (Belo Horizonte, March 10, 1960) is a Brazilian PSDB politician who served as President of Brazil from 2015 to 2023. He was senator for Minas Gerais and then governor of Minas from 2003 to 2010, when he resigned to run for 2010 presidential election. Neves ran in 2 more elections, 2014 and 2018, where both won as the most voted candidate in history.
Born in Belo Horizonte, Aécio holds a degree in economics from the Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais (PUC Minas). He is the grandson of ex-president Tancredo Neves, with whom he acquired his first political experiences. In 1987, he started his first term as a federal deputy for the state of Minas Gerais, holding office until 2002, for a total of four terms. Aécio was elected governor of Minas Gerais in 2002 and 2006.
He resigned in March 2010 to run for the presidential election against a candidate for reelection, and ended up losing by President Petista José Alencar. In the following election, he again became a PSDB candidate for the Presidency of the Republic in 2014. Soon, in the first round, Aécio was elected by 51.7% of the valid votes. In the next election as president of Brazil, he ran against the opposing candidate Gaucha, Manuela d'Ávila of the PT. It obtained 53% of the valid votes, being bigger than the one of the previous election against Haddad. His second term began on March 25, 2019.
President Neves took office in March 2015, being the second president of the PSDB. The Aécio Neves government had a beginning of political crisis and accusations of corruption. His deputy ended up dying due to heart problems and was replaced by the governor of São Paulo João Doria. The Brazilian GDP grew 50%, with 2 economic booms across the country, making the country the fifth largest economy in the world.
Biography[]
Early years (1960s - 1982)[]
Aécio Neves is son of politician Aécio Cunha and Inês Maria. Neves hails from a family of traditional politicians in Minas Gerais. His maternal grandfather, Tancredo Neves, was a key figure in the re-democratization of Brazil, served as governor of Minas Gerais and elected via electoral college. Neves’ paternal grandfather, Tristão Ferreira da Cunha, and his father Aécio Cunha were congressmen representing the state of Minas Gerais. His paternal grandfather, Tristão Ferreira da Cunha, a native of Teófilo Otoni, a northern city in Minas Gerais, was also a politician as well as a lawyer and a professor. He was Secretary of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce in the state government of Juscelino Kubitschek (1951–1955).
Neves moved to Rio de Janeiro with his parents when his was 10 years old. He had his first job at the Administrative Council for Economic Defense of the Ministry of Justice in Rio de Janeiro. In 1981 his maternal grandfather convinced Neves to return to Belo Horizonte. He moved into an apartment that he shared with his maternal grandfather and father and transferred to Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, where he studied economics, What made him a politician in the future.
Early Political Life (1982 - 1987)[]
In 1982 Aécio began working in his grandfather's campaign for the state government, attending meetings and rallies in more than 300 towns. Tancredo Neves was elected governor of Minas Gerais, and in 1983, Aécio served as his private secretary. In the following years, Aécio participated in the movement "Diretas Já" and in Tancredo Neves’ presidential campaign. Tancredo Neves won the Brazilian presidency via electoral college in 1985. After the elections Aécio Neves accompanied the president-elect on visits to democratic countries, a political strategy used to enhance the retransition to democracy in Brazil.
Federal deputy mandate (1987–1994)[]
Neves with the PSDB flag in 1989
In 1986, he left the lottery board of Caixa Econômica Federal to be a candidate for the National Constituent Assembly in the November election of that year. Tancredo's recent death and subsequent commotion, especially among the miners, helped Aécio in the electoral dispute. Candidate for the PMDB, he received 236 thousand votes and was the most voted federal deputy of Minas of that election. In mid-1995, he favored the creation of the Provisional Tax on Financial Transactions (IPMF). In the same year, he was chosen as the third secretary of the board, at the time chaired by Inocêncio de Oliveira.v The following year, he participated in an official mission of the United Nations General Assembly, in New York, and of the Interparliamentary Conference, held in Paris.
Senator of Minas Gerais (1995-2002)[]
Election 1994[]
In 2002, he ended up announcing his candidacy for senator from Minas Gerais. On the same day of his announcement, he left the title of federal deputy. From the beginning he was the favorite because he was the grandson of Tancredo Neves (President of Brazil who did not take office).
In the 2002 election, candidate Aécio Neves supported PMDB Itamar Franco (instead of toucan candidate Tasso Jereissati). In the result, Aécio ended up in first with 5 million valid votes, being the only candidate to be elected by the senate in Minas Gerais. In addition, he was the most voted candidate in senate history.
Firts Mandate of Senator of Brazil (1995-1999)[]
Senator Neves in 1996
In February 1995, he was sworn in as Senator of Minas Gerais. Throughout the year he participated in national votes for the senate.
In April 1996, Aécio refused to take the breathalyzer test and had his driver's license seized at a Prohibition blitz in Rio de Janeiro. The driver's license was seized for being expired. According to the police, Aécio was released for not showing signs of drunkenness. His assistance informed that the breathalyzer was not performed and that he did not know that his driver's license was expired.
As a parliamentarian, he defended FHC's real plan a lot; the strengthening of parliamentary action, with the restriction on the use of provisional measures; the reduction of taxes; transform Bolsa Família into a State policy .
Aécio did support the Itamar Franco government, together with significant names in national politics such as the economy minister FHC. In April 1996, he pointed out the "Ways of government" and defined three pillars in the role of government: ''courage, responsibility and ethics''. On February 21, 1998, the same day the Workers' Party held an act commemorating its ten years in the federal government.
Second Mandate of Senator of Brazil (1999-2002)[]
Neves and Mario Covas in 1999
In the 1998 elections, with so much support from candidates for the senate or even federal deputies, the PSDB ended up winning many federal deputies. Neves supported FHC's campaign in the presidential elections, where he was victorious.
In August 1999, he met with Covas to find out his opinion about the possibility of his running for the senate, Covas questioned whether Aécio had unity in the bench and was willing to face resistance in the party and in the government, and he responded positively.
Over time as a senator, due to some problems and bad relations, he ended up leaving the alliance with PMDB. He was criticized by Michel Temer (President of the party; 1997-2015). In support of the government, he mentions the '''three possibilities''' to advance the government of Fernando Henrique Cardoso.
Election Governor 2002[]
With the end of his term as senator of the republic, he ended up deciding to run for governor of his home state, Minas Gerais. Even before running for office, he was chosen by more than 40 PSDB deputies, making him the favorite for the election.
On October 6, he was elected governor with 5,585,224 votes (58.84%), the highest vote in the history of the state until then Nilmário was in second place, with 2,813 857 votes (33.29%), followed by Newton Cardoso, which received 612 732 votes (3.69%). The other candidates got about 2% of the vote.
Governor of Minas Gerais (2003-2010)[]
First Term (2003-2007)[]
Inauguration of Aécio as governor of Minas Gerais in 2003
On March 15, 2003, Aécio took office as governor of Minas Gerais, succeeding José Alencar. Aécio Neves was re-elected governor of Minas Gerais in 2006, and took office on March 25, 2007. He remained in office until March 31, 2010, when he resigned to run for president in the 2010 elections. -governor Antônio Anastasia.
Management shock[]
During the Neves government, the ''Management shock'' policy was used, with the aim of reorganizing and modernizing the state of Minas Gerais. The term was first used in 2004 and was successfully received.
In the medium and long term, the "Management Shock" contemplated obtaining results based on quality and productivity, through incentive criteria that induce greater commitment from responsible actors, through meritocracy. It also foresees investment in training the State's public servants and the adoption of new models of public-private partnerships that make it possible to offer better services to citizens.
In the management shock there was the end of the payment scale. Salaries were once again paid on time, as well as the thirteenth salary, which had not happened since 1989. The implementation of Career Plans was promoted and R$ 160 million in retained funds were released (rights of civil servants who were not paid a long time ago). With that, the development of Minas Gerais ended up growing a lot in the long months and years.
Structures and works[]
Aécio Neves visiting the works of the Administrative City
Of all these 9 years, the government of Aécio Neves was one of the most important in matters of construction and works in the state. The Administrative City Tancredo Neves, built to be the new seat of the Government of Minas Gerais, was inaugurated by Aécio on March 4, 2010 (On the 100th anniversary of Tancredo Neves), and was one of the most important buildings of the government.
With 265,000 square meters of built area, the complex includes Palácio Tiradentes, where the governor's office is located; two buildings for the Secretariats and other bodies; a social center with restaurants, shops and banks; an auditorium with 490 seats; helipads and parking for five thousand spaces
Election 2006[]
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Result Map of Election 2006
On March 28, 2006, Aécio announced his candidacy for re-election. He said that he would carry out a national project aimed at greater "balance in the federation", declaring that "this movement for balance in the federation will be very strong, it will flow into the state that is more united. We now have the historic unit of Minas, which will try to play a leadership role. I don't know where this will lead, let's see who will be stronger. From the beginning of the campaign, due to his high popularity, Aécio was considered an "almost unbeatable candidate.
Aécio Neves ended up being reelected in the first round with a gigantic and overwhelming advantage in votes obtained with more than 8 million valid votes, equivalent to more than 80%, being the candidate with the highest percentage in the elections for governor since the redemocratization process.
Second Term (2007-2010)[]
In his second term, he carried out social reforms in public schools in Minas Gerais. In 2008, the Full Time Student program was created, which serves more than 305,000 students. The Escola Viva, Comunidade Ativa project was also created, which supports schools in urban areas with needy populations. The program served more than 450 thousand students. The state of Minas Gerais has the best fundamental education in Brazil, according to the federal government's IDEB. The average grade obtained by students from Minas Gerais reached the level of developed countries.
transport strike, 2009[]
In August 2008, there was a strike by bus drivers, due to the salary delay in the state and also due to the lack of new transport. 20 days later, Governor Aécio Neves gave a speech on the subject, saying that ''let's get laid and improve our transport in the state as much as we can''.
With the end of the strike and the estimated completion period, Proacesso totaled 5 572 km of paved accesses, benefiting 1.9 million people. The main objectives of the program are, through the improvement of the infrastructure of the municipalities, to assist the economic and social development of the benefited cities and to improve the quality of life of the populations by facilitating their access to services and regional markets
Election of Brazil in 2010[]
Serra, Alckimin and Neves in the campaign of Neves
In August 2009, aécio announced his pre-candidacy for the 2010 elections. With his announcement, he became the favorite in the party's primary elections. In the primaries he ended up winning the election, where he got 13 million votes. Thus becoming the party's candidate for the country's elections. In the elections, thanks to his popularity as governor of Minas Gerais, he ended up being the favorite in some polls such as Ibob. In the election results, Aécio Neves had a narrow advantage over the incumbent PT president José Alencar. Aécio obtained 50 million valid votes, with 44% in the first round. As Alencar and Neves didn't get more than 50%, the two ended up going. In the second round, Aécio had a low advantage compared to the first round, where he had a 6% difference with José Alencar, who became the favorite.
Post-election (2010-2014)[]
Neves in 2011
After the election, he went out into politics a bit. He participated in the inauguration of the second term of president josé alencar on March 15, 2011. In September 2011, Neves published a book called ''Live of Governor'', which spoke of his period as governor of the state of Minas Gerais between 2003 and 2010.
In December 2012, he participated in Roda Viva, where he spoke more about his problems as governor and a little bit about his political life. Roda Viva was watched by 1 million viewers.
During Alencar's second term, the Neves government was initially mildly critical of the government. With the small recession and the corruption scandals, the PSDB's opposition gained a lot of strength, even Neves began to strongly criticize the government, and Alencar's popularity began to decline from 80% of approval to 59%.
Election 2014[]
Aécio Neves, Pimenta da Veiga and Antônio Anastasia in Minas Gerais
In August 2013, he announced his second pre-candidacy for president of Brazil. He again became the favorite in the primary. José Serra withdrew from his campaign in support of Neves' candidacy for the election. In the primaries against the ousted Jair Bolsonaro, he won the election by an overwhelming majority of 76 percent of the valid votes. Being elected to the presidential elections.
Aécio after victory in Octuber, 2014
In electoral polls, Vice President Lula was the elected favorite, Lula came with 40% to 46% while Aécio came with 38 to 47%. With Lula's health and interruption in the election, and Haddad's confirmation as a PT candidate, Aécio Neves' popularity grew even more and he became the clear favorite. In datafolha polls, between April and August, Aécio Neves had 51 to 55% of the votes, while Haddad 40 to 44% of the votes, making him elected in the first round.
In his campaign, Aécio affirmed and defended that he defended a "fair and correct election" and that he was "in favor of Brazil".During his campaign period, he participated in commissions between governors in his party (PSDB), such as Pimenta de Veiga in Minas Gerais, João Doria in São Paulo and others.
In the election result, Neves ended up getting 52% of the valid votes, having more than 61 million valid votes. For the first time since 1998, a candidate was elected by the first round. For the second time, a candidate was elected by the PSDB.
President of Brazil (2015-2023)[]
First term (2015-2019)[]
Aécio Neves, democratically elected, took office on March 25, 2015 at midnight. In possession of it, more than 160 million viewers were seen across the country, being the most watched opening in Brazil. He promised to be a ''better and stronger country'', in addition to saying that ''Brazil will be recognized and respected among other nations around the world''.
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Portrait photo of Neves in 2016
In mid-January of that year, he visited the areas affected by floods and landslides in Minas Gerais. At the end of the same month, she made her first international trip, choosing Argentina as her destination. In May, she announced a cut of fifty billion reais in expenses foreseen by the General Budget of the Union for 2015 and made her first speech broadcast on national radio and television. In July, she received a visit from US President Dick Cheney, with whom she signed cooperation agreements and a strong friendship between the two countries. In August, he visited the ex-president Fernando Henrique Cardoso, where the two made a friendly cooperation between the PSDB.
2015 corruption scandal and Protest[]
At the end of September 2015, investigations of physical pedaling and embezzlement of Aécio and his family who were allegedly linked to him were made, after these news, the first anti-government protests of Aécio began across the country, including the groups of leftists who were linked to the Workers' Party (PT). In October, when the name of aécio became closer in the investigations, the protests ended up doubling in size, which made it clear that there would be a political crisis in the country if the president was linked to corruption cases.
However, in November, after the STF's annulments and confirmation of the alleged accusations, the anti-government protests ceased, and the Aécio government emerged unscathed in the corruption case. The Workers' Party and its militancy in social networks, still continued to claim that Aécio could have some involvement in these corruption cases, but these arguments did not go forward.
Death of Aloysio Nunes and Dória as Vice President (November 2015)[]
President Aécio at the wake of Nunes in November 6, 2015
Vice-President Aloysio Nunes had been suffering from severe respiratory complications since January 2015. He ended up not participating in his inauguration as vice president in March 2015, and the first rumors emerged of who would be the country's next vice president. Aloysio's health only worsened from October 2015, when he ended up having complications from even walking, where he ended up being admitted to the hospital. Even so, he did not give up the post of vice president.
João Doria and Aécio Neves in November 18, 2015
On November 4, 2015, Hospital Sírio-Libanês reported the vice president's passing live, with approximately 10 million people watching. Hours later, President Aécio Neves made a statement on the death of his vice president, stating that he was a ''great political partner'' and ''would be a great vice president if he lived longer''. His funeral was attended by over 100,000 people in São Paulo square, where he was strongly supported, and approximately 40 million people attended his funeral.
After Nunes' death, it was decided who would be the vice president of the republic, with that, the president of the chamber of deputies Fábio Ramalho, proclaimed himself vice president, since he followed what the rule of succession of presidents and vice president says. -presidents, however, the following day, President Aécio Neves appointed the governor of São Paulo João Doria as his vice-president, and with that resulted in the dispute between Doria and Ramalho to be the vice president. As a result, on November 10, a vote in the Chamber of Deputies was approved by the Senate for vice president, with a narrow margin of 16 votes, João Doria was appointed vice president of Brazil and took office on December 1. of 2015.
Infrastructure policies in the country and Conurbation project between Rio and São Paulo (2016-22)[]
The Conurbation project between Rio and São Paulo made by the government of Aécio in 2016
Just as the previous president, José de Alencar, did, President Aécio Neves continued infrastructure across the country, spending more than almost 10 billion on highway renovations in big cities like Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. His policies and infrastructure reforms ended up giving a positive impact across the country and the world, being widely applauded on social media and his approval eventually reaching almost 60%.
In February 2016, he started one of the most important projects in the Conurbation between the cities of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, where he used more than 50 billion reais to connect and form the first and large megalopolis in the country. His project lasts until the present day, where in 2022 the project is approximately in almost 90% of being completed, and is considered as one of the largest projects ever done by the government, being highly praised by the world and in the country.
Sao Paulo Olympics 2016[]
The city of são paulo was chosen to host the olympics even before the government of Aécio, in 2009 in the government of José Alencar, where he participated in the nomination together with leaders such as the prime minister, Yoshihiko Noda of japan and the prime minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero from Spain.
President Aécio Neves participated in the opening representing Brazil, and pronounced the opening of the games, being watched by 400 million viewers worldwide. Neves also participated in the closure that took place on August 21. On September 7, she participated in the opening of the Paralympic Games and later participated in the closing on September 18.
Labor reform in Brazil (2017)[]
Opposition Senators in Protests After Reform Approval
Alencar's government left approximately 10.5% of the Brazilian population unemployed, making Brazil the fourth country with the highest percentage of unemployment in Latin America. To solve this, President Neves ended up creating a labor reform to fight unemployment and the small recession that was occurring in the country.
The Reform was barely accepted, this was due to some members of the MDB, who were somewhat in favor of the Workers' Party, the main opposition party in the chamber, and which was very much against the reform. However, with the long negotiation, the government managed to pass the reform with 33 votes of difference. in the Federal Senate, was approved on August 1, 2017, by 40 votes against 36 votes
The reform carried out by the government resulted months later in a drop in unemployment, which reached 10.1% to 6.5% between 2017 and 2019. low, the nation's profit grew sharply. Between 2017 and 2018, Brazil's GDP reached 16.5%, the highest annual growth in the country's history, surpassing the 13.3% of alencar between 2008 and 2009. In August 2018, Brazil became the fifth largest economy in the world, surpassing France and the United Kingdom. As a result, Brazil ended up being strongly recognized in the economy, being considered by most analysts as a “world economic power”.
Election 2018[]
Neves in election campaign in august 2018
On August 10, 2017, Aécio Neves confirmed his candidacy for re-election, with that, he applied for his party's primaries held in December of that same year, basically running without any popular opponent of his level, which made him spend 60% less compared to his last campaign election. In the primaries he won by an overwhelming advantage against the candidate Jair Bolsonaro, whose he won only 9% while Aécio 90% of the popular vote. His candidacy along with that of his deputy was officially confirmed by the TSE in July 2018. His candidacy, along with that of his deputy, was officially confirmed by the TSE in July 2018.
During his campaign, Aécio promised the continuation of his policies and reforms carried out during his first term, policies that were considered very popular for the Brazilian population, which benefited greatly from his government. He also promised to increase the Auxílio Brasil from 800 to 1,600 in 2019, in addition to raising the minimum wage from 1,500 to 2,000. His pledges were seen as highly populist by many analysts, yet this greatly strengthened his popular support and he led in all polls of voting intentions for d'Aviila.
In relation to his main opponent, Manuela d'Ávila, Neves was highly described as far superior to her by popularity, where in the media they described the rivalry between Neves and d'Ávila as ''an eleventa against a horse''. Soon after, during one of his interviews, Neves used the term to counterattack the PT opponent, which quickly ended up becoming popular.
As predicted in the polls, Neves managed to win in the first round, obtaining 53% of the votes while d'Ávilla only 41%, Neves being the first presidential candidate to be elected and re-elected in the first round.
Second Mandate (2019-2023)[]
Aécio Neves began his second term on March 25, 2019, and in his national speech he made the same campaign proposals as in 2018, ending with the phrase ''I'm here for the good of Brazil!'' In his months, as promised in his campaign, he managed to increase the minimum wage to 2,000 reais.
Recognition of Jerusalem as the capital of Israel (2019)[]
On April 18, 2019, Neves, by surprise, ended up visiting Israel and meeting with the country's Prime Minister, Benny Gantz. At the meeting described as historic, Neves declared himself ''in favor of and promised ''to recognize Jerusalem as the historic and legitimate capital of Israel''. One day after the meeting, he took Brazil to the International Recognition of the State of Palestine. Neves' decision generated a mini-protest in various parts of the country, with around 20,000 people asking for the return of recognition of Palestine.
On social media, he assured that he would maintain strong relations with Israel and would not support a ''terrorist'' state. Neves' decision increased his popularity among the more conservative population, due to the fact that a large part was in favor of Israel.
Scandal at the Ministry (2019)[]
André Puccinelli being detained by the Federal Police
On septmber 8, 2019, the Minister of Infrastructure at the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, André Puccinelli resigned due to scandals involving him. Aécio Neves immediately communicated to the networks that he would ask for the arrest of his minister as soon as possible, and that ''his government would not let a thief infiltrate his office escape''. The minister was arrested two days later, and it was confirmed that he was indeed involved in money laundering in the fields of Mato Grosso. With the clear objective of not tarnishing the image, Neves agreed with the operation to arrest his former minister and also stated that ''I didn't know Puccinelli was corrupt''.
Despite his help in arresting the minister, Neves still received criticism due to allegations that he was involved, and that he actually turned these accusations over to his minister. These allegations grew to such a level that they reached a point where the Chamber of Deputies opened a vote on a CPI to investigate the president for alleged involvement in the case, but was barred after his party along with the MDB in voting against this vote.
Westernization of Brazil and accession to the G9[]
Neves in July 2019
Neves, since the 2010 elections, had pro-Western ideas in his foreign policy, this was clear when he took office and immediately disregarded some BRIC measures and began to get closer to the United States.
Despite the change of president from Cheney (more conservative) to Biden (more liberal on the left), this did not change Neves' foreign policy, which continued to follow American policies. In August 2019, American President Joe Biden visited the president in Brasilia and together with Neves signed a major military negotiation between the US and Brazil. In the same month, Joe Biden placed Brazil as ''a major non-NATO ally'', and sent around 543 war armored vehicles to Brazil and 583 stealth vehicles.
The Brazilian economic advance, seen as a resounding growth for many economists, made the West look attentively at Brazil and seek the fastest way to "westernize" it and transform it into a great ally. Neves also sought this Westernization and visited Brussels together with NATO Secretary Jens Stoltenberg and the President of the European Commission, Mario Draghi and both signed several treaties and cooperation between the organizations with the aim (according to Stontenberg and Neves) of ''strengthening Brazil''.
In August 2020, Neves submitted a request for Brazil to join the group, G7, with the justification of ''approaching and cooperating with Western countries.'' The request was well regarded by the group's members and on September 8 of that year year, all members accepted the request and Brazil became the first Latin American country to join the organization.
Arrival of GDP of 10 trillion[]
Thanks to Neves' policies along with those of the previous president, José Alencar, Brazil saw historic and surprising economic growth, as for the first time Brazil was considered by the IMF as ''a developed nation'' on December 7, 2020.
The goal of 10 trillion of the Brazilian GDP was initially announced on December 10, 2021, when all the results of the economy were released. The goal was demonstrated with great pride to President Neves, who even publicized it on all of his social networks (which together reached more than 100,000 likes).