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Al-Andalus
الأندلس‎‎ (Arabic)
Andalucía (Castilian)‎‎
Andaluzia (Portuguese)‎‎
Andalusia (Catalan)‎‎<
Andalusia or Vandalitia (Latin)
Timeline: Spain Divided

OTL equivalent: Al-Andalus and Balearic Islands
Location of Al-Andalus
Location of Al-Andalus
Capital Qurṭubah (Cordoba)
Largest city Qurṭubah (Cordoba)
Other cities Ishbiliya (Sevilla), Tulaytulah (Toledo), Ġarnāṭah (Granada) and Mursiyah (Murcia)
Language
  official
 
Arabic
  others Berber, Mozarabic, Castilian and Judeo-Spanish
Religion Islam
Population App. 5,000,000 
Currency Andalusian Dinar

Al-Andalus ( (Arabic: الأندلس‎‎) also known as Muslim Spain or Islamic Iberia, is the Muslim territory and cultural domain occupying southern half of the Iberian Peninsula.

The name also generally describes parts of the Iberian Peninsula governed by Muslims (given the generic name of Moors) at various times after 711 (92–93 AH), though the boundaries changed constantly as the Christian Reconquista progressed. After the Battle of of Las Navas de Tolosa (1212 AD / 609 AH) the frontier between Christian north and Muslim south permanently settled along the Tagus River and Toledo. To the south of Aragon and along the Júcar river the boundary is less settled as shifted sides several times during the Reconquista.

As a political domain, it successively constituted a province of the Umayyad Caliphate, initiated by the Caliph Al-Walid I (711–750); the Emirate of Córdoba (c. 750–929); the Caliphate of Córdoba (929–1031); and the Caliphate of Córdoba's taifa (successor) kingdoms. Later the invasion of Berber imperial dynasties of Morocco, Almoravids (1040–1147), Almohad (1121–...) made Al-Andalus part of their territory. Briefly in the 12th century before the Almohad consolidation there was a Second taifa period of Arabic, Berber and Muladi polities.

1149Iberia

Spain (circa 1210)

For the northern half of the Iberian Peninsula see Spain

Historical polities of Al-Andalus

  • *Flag of Morocco 1147 1269 Almohad Caliphate. Besides Al-Andalus it also includes the territories of Maghreb (Morocco) and Ifriqiya.
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