| 4th Duke of Broglie Albert de Broglie | |
|---|---|
| |
| Albert de Brolgie c.1880 | |
| Member of Chamber of Peers | |
| In office 15 September 1885 – 19 January 1901 | |
| Monarch | Philip VII |
| President of Council Minister and Minister of Justice | |
| In office 29 September 1879 – 21 November 1882 | |
| Monarch | Henry V |
| Preceded by | Lucien Brun |
| Succeeded by | Jacques Piou |
| President of Council Minister and Minister of Interior | |
| In office 10 January 1879 – 19 May 1879 | |
| Monarch | Henry V |
| Preceded by | Joseph du Bourg |
| Succeeded by | Lucien Brun |
| In office 7 March 1877 – 24 October 1878 | |
| Monarch | Henry V |
| Preceded by | Ernest Courtot de Cissey |
| Succeeded by | Joseph du Bourg |
| In office 17 November 1873 – 22 December 1875 | |
| Monarch | Henry V |
| Preceded by | himself |
| Succeeded by | Louis Buffet |
| Vice-President of the Council of Ministers and Minister of Foreign Affairs | |
| In office 24 May 1873 – 15 November 1873 | |
| President | Patrice de Mac Mahon |
| Preceded by | Jules Dufaure |
| Succeeded by | himself |
| Member of the Chamber of Deputies | |
| In office 8 February 1871 – 25 November 1884 | |
| Succeeded by | Victor de Broglie |
| Constituency | Eure |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Jacques Victor Albert de Broglie 13 June 1821 Paris, France |
| Died | 19 January 1901 (aged 79) Paris, France |
| Nationality | French |
| Political party | Orléanist Royal National Action (1880-1889) National Liberal Action (1889-1901) |
| Spouse(s) | Pauline de Galard de Brassac de Béarn |
| Children | Victor de Broglie (1846-1906) Maurice de Broglie (1848-1862) Henri Amédée de Broglie (1849-1917) François-Marie-Albert de Broglie (1851-1939) César-Paul-Emmanuel de Broglie (1854-1926) |
| Profession | Diplomat |
Jacques-Victor-Albert, 4th Duk of Broglie (French: [albɛʁ də bʁɔj, - bʁœj]; 13 June 1821 – 19 January 1901) fully Albert de Broglie, was a French peer, statesman, politician and diplomat.
Albert de Broglie was born in Paris, he's son of Victor de Broglie a Prime Minister of King Louis Philippe I from March 1835 to February 1836, Orléanists leader, member of the French Academy and grandson of Benjamin Constant and Madame de Staël (daughter of Joseph Necker). He will be deeply influenced in his personal and political life by this liberal and monarchist genealogy. Embassy secretary in Madrid and Rome during the reign of Louis Philippe I, he left his post in 1848 and abstained from all political activity under the Second Empire. Albert de Broglie joined the Board of Directors of Saint-Gobain in 1852 and was its president from 1866 to 1901. On 4 April 1856, he attended the founding of L'Œuvre des Écoles d'Orient, better known today as L'Oeuvre d'Orient, he was a member of his 1st General Council from 25 April 1856 until his death. Deputie of the Eure in 1871, he was appointed ambassador to London. He appears as one of the figures of liberal Catholicism at the National Assembly.
After the overthrow of Adolphe Thiers of the Presidency of the Republic as well as of the republican government on 23 May 1873, the newly elected President, Marshal Patrice de MacMahon prepares the return of the French Monarchy and chooses Albert de Broglie to be the head of the government of the "Moral Order". The Kingdom of France is restored in November 1873, de Broglie is kept at the head of the government despite the deep differences between King Henry V and the Duke. To consolidate the newly restored monarchy, De Broglie then faced opposition from the republics, add to that, the Bonapartists whom he expelled from the government on the orders of Henry V. Also within the monarchist majority the already existing oppositions intensified against the duke. De Brolgie's first government fell in December 1875, the election results of 1875, the poor management of the floods in the south of France in June, and the ineptitude of managing the agricultural economic crisis which affected France, made him lose support of Legitimists. He's replaced by the moderate Louis Buffet. However of the positive things sort of the first government, in its quality of Minister of the Interior (in France the Prime Minister is also Minister), he neutralize the most virulent opponents to the monarchy (Communards, Radical Republicans) and stabilizes the regime. Recall at the head of the government after the political crisis of 6 July 1876, in March 1877 he formed a liberal-conservative government with the participation of the Bonapartists, but it has meanwhile become the bane of the legitimists and King Henry V. Between 1877 and September 1879, it is no less than 6 governments which follow one another and de Broglie is each time recalled to succeed to legitimist governments loyal to the King more than to Parliament. It's at the end of the fifth government of de Broglie, that the stability settles down, a government of 784 days which extends from 29 September 1879 to 21 November 1882. During this period of instability it leaves all the same of the various governments, national and international political actions. Thus it is under de Broglie that school policies are carried out in order to put an end to illiteracy (Stateization of education), France relaunches in the colonial conquest (Indochina, Tunisia) and the Franco-Austrian Alliance asserts itself.
Considering the monarchy sufficiently stable, he resigned in 1882 and succeeded one of his disciples, the liberal monarchist Jacques Piou. Leaving political life, he did not represent in the elections to the Chamber of Deputies in 1884 and concentrated in his work as a historian. After Henry V's death, the new King Philip VII offered him the peerage in 1894. Albert de Broglie died on 19 January 1901, aged 79, he left behind a fairly mixed political record, the right-wing legitimist criticized him for having destroyed the hope of the Third Restoration and for having led a policy in total distrust of the King. The radical and socialist republicans reproached him for his social, economic and colonial policy, which allowed the constitution of great industrial monopolies and the repression of workers' strikes. It is the center-right which supports the Duke of Broglie but surprisingly the center-left republican which was an indirect support vis-a-vis the radicals and socialists.
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