Amazonas (The Sun of the Andes)

República Federativa do Amazonas Amazonas Timeline: The Sun of the Andes OTL equivalent: North (includes basin of the Amazon river) and Northeast of Brazil (excluding State of Bahía)
National flag National coat of arms
Motto:  Independência, União e Liberdade
Anthem:  Amazonian National Anthem
Amazonas (pink) and disputed territories
Capital (and largest city)		São Luís
Other cities		Belem, Teresina, Natal, Fortaleza and Manaus
Official languages		Portuguese
Other languages		Tupi and Arawakan languages
Ethnic groups		Pardos (Mestizos), Brancos (Whites), negros (Blacks), indígenas (native Indians)
Religion		Secular (official), Roman Catholic, Protestants, Afro-Brazilian religions (Candomblé, Umbanda and Quimbanda), Spiritism, Deism and Judaism
Demonym		Amazonian (amazonense)
Government		Federal presidential republic
-	President	Benedito Farias Neves
Legislature		National Congress
-	Upper house	Senate
-	Lower house	Chamber of Deputies
Key Events
-	Independence	1830
Area
-		4,843,398 km2  1,870,046 sq mi
Population
-	estimate	57,000,000
Currency		Amazonian pataca (PtA)
Time zone		UTC -3 (Coast), UTC -4 (Interior)
Date formats		dd-mm-yyyy
Drives on the		right

The Federal Repúblic of the Amazonas (República Federativa do Amazonas) is the largest and the second most populated country in South America. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, It borders to the north with the Guianas, to the west with Colombia and Andes-Tawantinsuyu and to the south with Brasil.

History

War of Independence

North Alliance (1828-1830)

Republic of Grão-Pará (1829-1830)

Amazonas gained its independence from the Empire of Brazil in 1830. Its independence movement had its background in the Balaiada social revolt (1828-1830) that began in province of Maranhão and spread to Grão-Pará, Piauí, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco and Alagoas.

Balaiada serves not just as a social revolt but as the seminal event that catalyzed the independence movement of the Amazonas from the Empire of Brazil. In 1828, the provinces of Maranhão, Grão-Pará, Piauí, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, and Alagoas became embroiled in widespread unrest and rebellion. The Balaiada, initially fuelled by socio-economic grievances and inequality among the local liberal provincial elites and the marginalized classes - particularly the Pardos (Mestizos), Negros (Blacks), and Indígenas (Native Indians) - transformed into a more structured movement as it spread across the north and northeast of the Amazon Basin. These groups, long subjected to exploitation and exclusion by the colonial and early imperial political and economical systems, found a common cause in their desire for freedom, equality, and recognition of their rights. The exploitation of the region's natural resources, particularly rubber and timber, enriched the empire while the local population remained impoverished and disenfranchised and local elites sidelined by Imperial government agents and the conservatives.

As the revolt spread across the North, the initial calls for social and economic reforms transformed into a clamor for outright independence. The disparate groups unified under a common banner, the North Alliance (1828). Intellectuals and liberal-minded elites in urban centers like São Luís and Belém began to support the movement, seeing an opportunity to establish a more equitable and democratic society. General Francisco da Silva Cabral, a defected commander of the Imperial army, declared the independence of the Amazonas in São Luís, which was chosen as the capital for its strategic and symbolic significance.

The guerrilla warfare made conventional military campaigns difficult and costly for Brazilian forces despite the naval blockade it had on the major ports of the Amazonas. A prolonged guerrilla warfare led to a military stalemate, convincing Brazil that a negotiated settlement would be preferable to continued conflict. At the same time Brazil was losing the rebellion of Riograndense that had the support of Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. Interested in the North and the Amazon's vast resources and strategic location by United Kingdom exerted diplomatic pressure on Brazil to end the conflict peacefully. Brazilian leaders concluded that allowing for independence under peaceful terms would prevent further fragmentation and unrest in other parts of the country, preserving national unity. The Treaty of São Luís recognized the independence of Amazonas by Brazil. However the exact boundaries would be settled a decade later.

Amazonas disowned its claims over the Guianas (French, Dutch and English) in exchange of diplomatic recognition, free trade, military supplies and assistance in lifting the Brazilian naval blockade and embargo.

Government

The Amazonas is a federal presidential republic with separation of powers. The President of the Republic is the head of the executive branch. The vice-president holds the presidency of the Senate at the same time. The bicameral National Congress is responsible for the legislative power, composed of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. The president and vice-president are elected jointly in the same ticket. The terms of office are five years for the president and vice president, eight years for senators and four years for the national deputies.

North Alliance (1828-1830)

• Directory (1828-1829)
• General Francisco da Silva Cabral (1829-1830)

Republic of Grão-Pará (1829-1830)

• Directory

Provisional President of the Amazonas

• General Francisco da Silva Cabral (1830-1832, Independence and Freedom Party)

President of the Amazonas

• General Francisco da Silva Cabral (1832-1837, Independence and Freedom Party)
• General Anselmo Rodrigues de Sousa (1837-1840 Progressive Party)
• General Amaro Costa (1840-1841) came to power after Coup of 1840
• Marcos Aurelio Gomes de Alvear (1841-1846, National Republican Party)
• Estevão Leão Bourroul (1846-1853, National Republican Party) Died in office
• Diogo de Vasconcelos (1853-1856, National Republican Party) Vice-president
• Fernando Celsio Antunes (1856-1861, National Republican Party)
• Gral Silva Pereira (1861-1866, Federal Party)
• ...

Administrative Divisions

Each States of the Amazonas has an elected State-President and a State Assembly

States (Estados)

1. Ceará (Fortaleza)
2. Grão-Pará (Belém)
3. Maranhão (São Luís)
4. Paraíba (Paraíba)
5. Pernambuco (Recife)
6. Piauí (Teresina)
7. Rio Grande do Norte (Natal)
8. São José do Rio Negro, later shorten to Rio Negro (Manaus)

Economy

As its geography Amazonas can be divided in the Amazon rainforest, or Amazonia, in the northwest and the Northeast (Nordeste). The Amazonia altought rich in natural resources, is sparsely inhabited with its major urban center located in the Atlantic coast (Belem) or along the Amazon river (Manaus). The economy of the North Region is essentially based on the vegetal plantation and extraction, such as rubber, açaí, woods and Brazil nuts; and mineral extraction of gold, precious stones, cassiterite and tin (metal); as well as mining exploitation, mainly iron and manganese. The Northeast is the main historical center with the cities of São Luís, Natal and Fortaleza and Recife. Economically its major producer of cashew nuts, sugar cane, cocoa, cotton and tropical fruits in general (mainly coconut, papaya, melon, banana, mango, pineapple and guarana). It also has relevant production of cash crops such as soybean, maize, bean, cassava and orange.

The Northeast's industrial development, centered around its major cities, has catalysed the growth of a variety of sectors in food processing, textiles, and biofuels, contributing to the economic resilience of Amazonas.

The economic history of Amazonas has been punctuated by several boom-and-bust cycles, including those associated with cotton, cacao, sugar, and rubber. These cycles have driven periods of significant wealth and development, followed by economic downturns as global markets shifted. The dependency on these key products has underscored the importance of economic diversification and industrialisation in the Amazonas.