The American civil war (1860-67) was an international global conflict. It was fought between the American pact and the Confederate pact. The central cause of the war was the dispute over whether slavery would be permitted to expand into the western territories, nationalism, imperialism, spheres of influence, etc.
| Date: April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1867
(6 years and 44 days) Location: North america, South america, Africa, Asia, Europe Results : American pact victory
Territorial changes:
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|---|
| Belligerents
American pact Confederate pact |
| Strengths
45,000,000 (American pact) 23,500,000 (Confederate pact) |
| Casualties and losses
18,000,000 (American pact) 9,000,000 (Confederate pact)
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Origins[]
The American cause[]
The causes behind Southern states' decision to secede were complex and have been historically controversial; most academic scholars identify slavery as the central cause of the war. The causes are further complicated by some historical revisionists who have tried to offer a variety of reasons for the war. Slavery was the central source of escalating political tension in the 1850s. The Republican Party was determined to prevent any spread of slavery to the territories, which, after they were admitted as states, would give the North greater representation in Congress and the Electoral College. In fact outside of the world some states voted in favor of slavery like British empire, Austrian empire, French empire, Empire of Brazil, Kingdom of Spain, for some that are against slavery are Prussia, Ottoman empire, Byzantine empire, Mamluk Sultanate, Russian empire, etc.
The European cause
After the Napoleonic wars and the congress of Vienna there has been increased tensions between Russia and the British. Due to Russia's growing influence in the balkans and threatening the British influence in india. A revolutionary wave called revolutions of 48 swept through Europe in the ideas of liberalism, socialism, and nationalism in which most revolutions were crush and some revolutionaries fled to exile. In 1856 tensions between Russia and Britain grew worse though because of Russia's defeat in the crimean war against the Ottomans. Moreover the byzantine empire have sided with the Russian empire because of their family ancestors to the daughter of the byzantine emperor constantine XI. More tensions are erupting central europe between the Austrian empire and Prussia for influence in these german states. These german states were the former territories of the holy roman empire but after Napoleons defeat the two superpowers are the Austrian empire and Prussia. They have engaged proxy wars for dominance in former holy roman empire territories.
The North American cause
In British Canada there has been growing fears of canadian nationalist revolutions because Canada faced a revolution in 1837. This soured the relations between the USA and Britain because USA support for the canadian revolution was the inspirational ideals for liberty and democracy. As for mexico they also have poor relations with the USA because of the mexican-american war which cause them to lose the territories of texas, california, new mexico, etc.
The Arabian cause
The Ottomans have increased their own influence in the middle east against Persia. The Mamluks also sided with the Ottomans against Persia because of Persia's sympathies to Napoleon which started the Mamluk-Persian war (1804-1806). Just like central europe both middle eastern super powers have engaged proxy wars supporting emirates, tribes, clans, sheikdoms, etc. Also the Ottomans have been backed by Russia while Persia was backed by the British.
The African cause
Africa before the colonization period was home to thousands of chiefdoms, fondoms, traditional kingdoms and more. Europeans have mistreated Africans and have take them for slavery as part of the atlantic slave trade. Though it ended in 1808 since then major european powers have been dominating over these states using them for influence. Both Britain and France had a heated rivalry with the Mamluk Sultanate over Africa. The Mamluk sultanate was seen not just as the superpower of the middle east but also in Africa as well. Plus Ashanti empire, Soko caliphate, Benin empire and the Aro Confederacy had been long harassed by the British.
The Asian cause
The Qing dynasty has been declining since the early 1800s due to the population growth meant there wasn't enough farmland or jobs to support everyone mostly affecting the lower classes. In 1842 the chinese lost the war against the british in the first opium war which damaged the relationship much further between the Qing and the British empire. The tokugawa shogunate have increasingly had good relations with the USA because of trade and modernization however some clans supported the USA while others are against the US and the modernization.
The South american cause
 In South america tensions are also heated between Brazil and Argentina for dominance in south america. Despite gaining independence from Spain and Portugal in Latin american wars of independence most of the federation states short lived and were dissolved. Due to this the remaining superpowers are Argentina and Brazil and have engaged in proxy wars in latin america. Brazil was backed by the British making Argentina feel isolated. Uruguay has been into civil wars, revolutions, coup d'eat's and civil unrest since their independence. Proxy wars in south america include war of the confederation, Demerara rebellion 1823, Ragamuffin war, etc.
Beginning of the global conflict[]
As tensions are increasing the final straw came in 1860 when Abraham Lincoln won the presidential election with the support from countries the Ottomans, Byzantines, Russian empire, Haiti, and the Mamluk sultanate. This angered the south who began threatening to succeed. The UK, Brazil, France, are also outraged because the US have been selling cotton to these countries cause most of the plantations were made by slavery but because of Lincoln an anti slavery politician cut off cotton trade to these countries that cause anger within these countries. Before Lincoln's inauguration the south had already succeeded from the union forming the Confederate states of America with the support from France, Brazil and the UK the civil war in america has already begin but however though after the blockade of the south which fully cut off trade of cotton to Britain, the UK, France and Austrian empire declares war on the US forming the Confederate pact. The Russian empire demanded the British and the French to stop they did not and then the next day Russia alongside the Byzantines declared war on Britain. A few hours later at 1:00 pm France declared war on Russia and the Byzantines. Then the next day Brazil and their allies declared war on the American pact and joined the Confederate pact. An hour later Argentina along with their allies joined the American pact against Brazil. Prussia opposed to Austrians influence in the central europe declares war on the Austrian empire and joined the american pact. Haiti's outrage over the south succession declared war on the confederate pact. The Tokugawa shogunate seeing the declining economy because america in civil war declared war on the confederate pact to strengthen the economy and improved relations with the US. Persia and their allies losing their cotton declares war on the American pact. The Ottomans and the Mamluks sided with the american pact after seeing Persia declaring war on the American pact.
Demographic[]
The population around the globe by 1859 is around 3.5 Billion people. Due to this the population dropped from 3.5 Billion to 3.4 Billion people making it one of the largest population drops in history. Its due to genocide, famine, war, etc.
Timeline of this conflict[]
Timeline of the American civil war 1861
Timeline of the American civil war 1862
Timeline of the American civil War 1863
Timeline of the American civil war 1864
Timeline of the American civil war 1865
Timeline of the American civil war 1866
Timeline of the American civil war 1867
Aftermath[]
See Revolutions of 1867-1873
North America
After the American civil war and the begin of the reconstruction era (1865-1900) Lincoln sent the former confederate soldiers, politicians, organizations into exile known as the Great exile (1867-1870). Lincoln then established the dominant party state and began purging pro slavery supporters. Meanwhile in the south some Confederate loyalists refused to leave the country and began forming their own militias beginning the southern insurgency (1867-1912). Mexico's economy was completely ravaged because of the war. Democracy in Mexico failed leading to the rise of mexican warlords beginning known as the Mexican Warlords era (1872-1934). Alaska gained independence from the Russian empire due to the Alaskan revolution however they will be conquered by Canada.
Europe
The United Kingdom is still a global superpower but lost a ton of influence globally leading to massive civil unrest. They´re clashes between left and right wing groups however Britain would leader crush the rioters thus preventing them from entering into a civil war. France faced civil unrest due to a bad economy and political corruption which would lead into a civil war (1870-72). The Italian and German states were united forming the Kingdom of Italy and the German Empire. The Russian empire along with the Byzantine empire have become now the superpowers of europe but will still have to challenge Britain for dominance.
Latin America
The Republic of Central America because of the bad economy they fell into civil war quickly (1869-1874). Brazil have faced civil unrest due to the war and the economy but just like the UK they are able to recover their economy and crush the anti government rioters. The Argentina confederation fell into civil war (1868-1878) a year later after the global conflict ended leading to the collapse of the Argentina Confederation. The rest of the Latin american countries faced civil unrest, civil wars, or revolutions.
Africa
Most European colonial empires withdraw Africa but they will not return until the scramble of africa period. But South African rebels overthrowing the government and the British they are still part the dutch suzerainty which causes tensions between the Mamluks and South Africa beginning a new proxy conflict. Meanwhile various uprisings in various kingdoms, chiefdoms, fondoms, etc have began demanding nationalism, liberalism, etc.
Asia
The Ottomans became a superpower of the middle east but it severely weakened the economy leading to the young turk revolution a couple decades later. Meanwhile in Arabia various sheikhdoms became more and more independently and have resisted against the ottomans dominance but many sheikhdoms will be fighting each other independently beginning the unification of arabia (1870-1935). Palestine was able to recover their economy but their military was severely weakened which paved the way for a few revolutions and the Ottoman-Palestine war (1868-1869). Persia economy was destroyed due to the war and the absolute monarchy in iran became extremely unpopular this would lead into the Persian Constitutional revolution (1905-1910) a couple decades later. Afghanistan would have civil war (1872-1879) after the death of Sher Ali Khan in 1872, The Qing dynasty was ravaged due to the chinese campaign. Despite being neutral the Qing were occupied by various powers and formed vassal states in China. After the war the economy collapsed and the government became more and more corrupted which led to famines. This would lead to the Chinese revolution of 1911. The Mughal empire was restored but the damage of british colonization was beyond repaired. The Mughal will continue to exist for a few more decades before finally being overthrown during the Indian revolution (1907) which would begin the Indian warlords era (1908-1926). British Malaysia colony is still remain as part of the British Empire but have local rebellions against the colonial regime.