Reino de los Andes-Tawantinsuyu Andes-Tawantinsuyu Timeline: The Sun of the Andes
OTL equivalent: aprox. Peru and Bolivia | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||
Motto: Libres y unidos |
||||||
Anthem: El Sol nace en los Andes - Intiqa Andes urqukunapim lluqsimun Royal anthem: Imperial Salute |
||||||
Andes-Tawantinsuyu in South America
|
||||||
Capital | Qusqu (royal residence) and Lima (national capital) | |||||
Largest city | Lima | |||||
Other cities | Charcas, Potosi, Trujillo, and Santa Cruz de la Sierra | |||||
Official languages | Spanish, Quechua and Aymara | |||||
Regional languages | Tupi and Arawakan | |||||
Other languages | Portuguese and English | |||||
Ethnic groups | Native American, White (Hispanic) African American (non-Hispanic) | |||||
Religion | Catholicism (official), Inka religion (state recognized), Protestantism, and other religions | |||||
Demonym | Andean (Andino/a) | |||||
Government | Unitary constitutional monarchy | |||||
- | Sapa Inka | Manco Yupanqui IV | ||||
- | President of the Council of Ministers | Melchor Olaya | ||||
Legislature | General Legislature | |||||
- | Upper house | Great Council of the Realm | ||||
- | Lower house | House of Deputies of the Four Quarters | ||||
Key Events | ||||||
- | Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II | 4 November 1780 | ||||
- | Kingdom of Qusqu established | 1785-1821 | ||||
- | Protectorate of Peru established | 1818-1821 | ||||
- | State of Alto of Peru establishes | 1820-1821 | ||||
- | Kingdom of Andes proclaimed by the Joint Sovereign Declaration | 1821 | ||||
Area | ||||||
- | 2,400,674 km2 926,905 sq mi |
|||||
Population | ||||||
- | estimate | 47 million | ||||
Currency | Andean Sol (S/.) | |||||
Time zone | UTC -5 (Western Time) and -4 (Eastern Time) | |||||
Date formats | dd-mm-yyyy | |||||
Drives on the | right | |||||
Membership international or regional organizations | United Nations, Organization of American States |
The Kingdom of the Andes, known as Tawantinsuyu to its people (translated as the "Realm of the Four Parts" in Quechua), stands as one of the most extensive country in South America. Qusqu is the royal residence and Lima serves as its principal hub for administrative, political, and military affairs. Andes-Tawantinsuyu emerged from the union of the Kingdom of Qusqu (1786-1821), the Protectorate of Peru (1818-1821), and the State of Alto Perú (1820-1821).
It limits to the north with Colombia, to the east with Amazonas and Brazil and to the south with Chile, Argentina and Paraguay.
History[]
The Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II and Truce of Puno (1780-1811)[]
Flag of Tupac Amaru and of the Kingdom of Qusqu (1786-1821)
The Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II, spanning from 1780 to 1786, marked a pivotal moment in the struggle against Spanish colonial rule in South America. Beginning with the highly symbolic capture of Cuzco, the ancient Inca capital, in 1780, the rebellion, led by Túpac Amaru II, gained momentum by advocating for indigenous rights and the alleviation of colonial burdens. Throughout 1781, Túpac Amaru II's military and strategic prowess was showcased through expansions and several victories over Spanish forces. Despite a setback with the unsuccessful Siege of Lima in 1783, the rebels were able to consolidate their gains, establishing administrative and military structures that reformed governance and revived Quechua and Aymara traditions and customs. The period of 1784 to 1793 saw the Kingdom of Cusco establishing its basic military, economic, and administrative frameworks.
However, the opposition of the Bourbon reform and ideas of Andean indigenism that Tupac Amaru II promoted did not had the sympathies of the established Inca nobility that saw it as a threat to their privileges and their loyalty to the Spanish monarchy. Inca nobles were indifferent or openly hostile in recognizing the authority of Túpac Amaru II and his successors. The very few that sided or joined the rebellion were ostracized by their own peers and their properties confiscated by Viceregal authorities. The rebellion of the Kingdom of Cuzco was temporarily quelled in 1786 through the Treaty of Puno, an interim accord that recognized the Kingdom's limited sovereignty over southern Peru. This treaty, hailed as a diplomatic and military triumph at the time, provided a respite for the Kingdom of Cuzco. However, the fragile peace established by the treaty was shattered in 1793 when Viceregal authorities launched a concerted campaign to reclaim territories under rebel control and suppress the uprising. What ensued was a protracted guerrilla conflict spanning from 1793 to 1811, primarily centered around Cuzco and its neighboring provinces.
Viceroy Jáuregui lessened mita obligations in an attempt to ameliorate some of the Indians' complaints. In 1784, his successor, Teodoro de Croix, abolished the corregidors and reorganized the colonial administration around eight intendants. In 1787, an audiencia was established in Cuzco. The rebellion also gained traction as Spanish authorities banned Quechua language, the wearing of indigenous clothing, and virtually any mention or commemoration of Inca culture and history. Although the mita obligations were lessened in an attempt to ameliorate some of the Indians' complaints.
The rebellion of 1780 set a precedent for the future colonial independence movements in the Americas of the 1810s.
The Peruvian War of Independence (1811-1821)[]
Between 1787 and 1811, the Kingdom of Cuzco turned its focus inward, prioritizing the preservation of its independence and later engaging in guerilla warfare in the highlands. Following the Treaty of Puno, efforts were directed towards bolstering internal governance structures and fostering diplomatic ties. Embracing a strategy of amalgamating European technological advancements with indigenous knowledge, the Kingdom sought to fortify itself economically and culturally through expanded trade networks.
The onset of the Peninsular War in 1807, sparked by Napoleon Bonaparte's invasion of Spain, had profound repercussions for Spain's ability to maintain control over its colonial territories. This seismic event served as a catalyst for independence movements across Latin America, including within the Kingdom of Cuzco.
Against the backdrop of geopolitical upheaval prompted by Napoleon's incursion into Spain, the early 19th century witnessed Cuzco's concerted efforts to bolster its military capabilities and infrastructural development. Inspired by the strides towards autonomy and independence taken by neighboring regions such as Chile, Argentina, and New Granada, Cuzco actively lent support to these movements while consolidating its own position through strategic diplomacy and internal consolidation.
In pursuit of the complete liberation of South America and Peru being the main bastion of resources and political power for Spain, the leaders of Argentina and Chile solidified their alliance by signing a treaty on 5 February 1817, laying the groundwork for a coordinated invasion. General José de San Martín recognized that the full liberation of Argentina and Chile would remain incomplete until the Royalist stronghold in Peru was dismantled.
Notable figures such as José de San Martín and Simón Bolívar found invaluable support from the Kingdom of Cuzco. San Martín's audacious crossing of the Andes in 1817 and his subsequent victory at the decisive Battle of Maipú in 1818 stand as pivotal milestones in the journey towards continental independence. By 1818, Cuzco strategically positioned itself to benefit from the Liberating Expedition of Peru and Bolívar's advances from the north. Engaged in guerrilla warfare, Cuzco served as a crucial diversionary tactic against Royalist forces, while also providing a strategic base for the final campaign against Spanish control. Moreover, its espionage network played a crucial role in pivotal moments during the Peruvian War of Independence.
The Foundations of the Kingdom of Andes (1821-1846)[]

Inca Yupanqui I ascended to the throne in the wake of significant territorial unification of the Kingdom of Qusqo, the Protectorate of Peru and the State of Alto Peru. Yupanqui I's leadership was characterized by his conservative approach and the governance structures adhered closely to the principles laid out in the First Tawantinsuyu Kamachiy of 1821. The transition to Huáscar II in 1839 was smooth, marked by his continuation of his predecessor's conservative policies
The conservative governments of Yupanqui I and Huáscar II undertook extensive efforts to integrate diverse regions, ranging from the coastal areas of Lima to the highlands of Cuzco. The main public work projects were the expansion of the Qhapaq Ñan (the Great Inca Road) prioritized to foster economic and political integration and mobility. The major roads of the Qhapaq Ñan connected the national capital of Lima and Qusqo with the provincial and departmental seats of government
The first three years saw a the short tenure of prime ministers José Miguel de Velasco, José Bernardo de Tagle and José de la Mar. However, it was under the administrations of Agustín Gamarra and Luis José de Orbegoso, both from the conservative Patriotic Unity Society (Sociedad de Unidad Patriótica, SUP), that significant institutional developments occurred. Gamarra, in particular, was instrumental in promoting a conservative agenda, focusing on strengthening the military, reforming fiscal policies, and cultivating an oligarchical bureaucracy that aligned well with the conservative monarchical system. Agustín Gamarra instituted a centralized political system with the appointment and promotion of loyal governors, prefects and territorial inspectors along the so-called Gamarrista system.
During 1824-1846, the Gamarrista system was characterized by widespread and uncontrolled government intervention of the electoral colleges by means of ballot fraud, suppression of opposition candidates, and control of voter registration for the elections of House of Deputies in the rural constituencies and partially in the urban ones. Although free press was a constitutional right, it was heavily controlled being subjected to censorship, stamp duty on all printed material, printing licenses and later laws punishing the offenses of provocation or attempted provocation.
The administration under Gamarra was marked by the enactment of the "Códice Yupanqui," a comprehensive set of laws that codified civil and penal codes in line with Conservative values acknowledged the unique socio-cultural dynamics of Andes-Tawantinsuyu. These laws reinforced the power of the government over the nobility while also establishing systems of local governance that allowed for limited local autonomy under the supervision of government appointees.
Both the Catholic Church, holding its status as the official religion, and the Inca religion, recognized as a historically state-sponsored belief, maintained an uneasy coexistence. However, both were viewed by the conservative governments of Gamarra and Orbegoso as crucial elements of national and social cohesion. Notably, the Inquisition had been officially abolished in 1818 by San Martin, who also proclaimed the freedom of worship, setting a precedent for religious tolerance that impacted subsequent governance.
Culturally, the period was noted for a renaissance of Inca arts and architecture, with state patronage of traditional arts and crafts and the re-establishment of cultural festivals with elements of both the Inca heritage and the Catholic faith, illustrating the syncretic nature of the kingdom. The Royal Academy of the Quechua Language was established as an attempt to unify national identity. The Academy would develop curricula and dictionaries for academic and governmental use. The universities of San Marcos of Lima, Central de Quito, Chuquisaca were reformed in order to conform better to the national educational needs of European scientific disciplines and knowledge. The "School of the Realm," a national academy for the training of civil servants, was established, aiming to professionalise the government's administrative functions in skills of accounting, law and administration.
This period ends with the ascension as Sapa Inka of Atahualpa IV in 1844 and the nomination of Andrés de Santa Cruz as prime minister in 1846. Although both being conservative, they were more reformed minded in their political outlooks.
Government[]
The written constitution (Tawantinsuyu Kamachiy) outlines the governance structure, the powers and duties of the government, the rights of citizens, and the mechanisms for ensuring checks and balances among the branches of government.
The Kingdom of the Andes is a constitutional monarchy. The government is made up of three branches; the executive, legislative, and judicial-inspectorate. The Sapa Inka, or Emperor, is the supreme head and ruler of the Empire. The Sapa Inka is hereditary thru the Condorcanqui dynasty. The Sapa Inka arbitrates and moderates the regular functioning of the institutions and assumes the highest representation of the State in international relations.
The Sapa Inka is inherited by the successors of Tupac Amaru II through male preference primogeniture or its named successor approved by the General Assembly. In the event of the minority of the monarch, the surviving mother or father, or oldest relative of legal age who is nearest in line to the throne of the panakas, assumes the office of Regent. If the monarch becomes incapacitated, and that incapacitation is recognized by the General Assembly, then the auqui (the heir apparent), shall immediately become Regent, if he is of age. The Regent chairs the Council of Regency named by the General Assembly.
The Sapa Inka and the Prime Minister make up the executive branch, with the Sapa Inka holding the majority of the power between the two. The Sapa Inka approves laws, manages the military, appoints territorial governors, ministers and judges. The Prime Minister chairs the Council of Ministers, directs national and foreign policy, and leads the internal administration and foreign affairs and proposes laws to the legislature.
The legislature of the Kingdom is bicameral. The legislature discusses votes and approves the laws, the budget and treaties, declares and names the regency council, and makes war and peace. The upper house is the Great Council of the Realm made up of hereditary nobles, members appointed for life by the Sapa Inka, the bishops of the Catholic Church and Inka priests elected by their peers. The Great Council enjoys large swathes of power. The nobles of the House are largely concentrated in Lima, Quito, Cuzco, and La Paz, splitting among Creole and Indigenous nobility. The lower house, the House of Deputies of the Four Quarters, is made up of delegates elected every five years, unless dissolved earlier by the Sapa Inka.
The judiciary of the Kingdom is a hierarchical system, with a Supreme Court at Cuzco, that enjoys jurisdiction over the entire country; four Superior Courts overlook the regions of Lima, Arequipa, La Paz, and Santa Cruz. Trial Courts which overlook cases in a municipality or a parish, and finally Courts of Peace which reside over even-smaller districts. The Judges of the Supreme Court and Superior Courts are appointed by the Sapa Inka , while the Trial Courts and the Courts of Peace are occupied by professional men of law named by their territorial Superior Court.
Sapa Inka[]
- Sapa Inka of the Inka Empire (1780-1785), later Kingdom of Qusqu (1785-1821)
- Tupac Amaru II 1780-1801
- Atahualpa II 1801-1811
- Atahualpa III 1811-1821
- Regency 1821-1821
- Inca Yupanqui 1821-1821
- (union into Andes-Tawantinsuyu)
- Protector of Peru (1818-1821)
- Jose de San Martin 1818-1820
- Simon Bolivar 1820-1821
- (union into Andes-Tawantinsuyu)
- President of the State of Alto of Peru (1819-1821)
- Antonio José de Sucre 1819-1821
- Simon Bolivar 1821-1821
- José Miguel de Velasco 1821-1821
- (union into Andes-Tawantinsuyu)
- Sapa Inka of Kingdom of the Andes-Tawantinsuyu (1821 to date)
- Inca Yupanqui I 1821-1839
- Huáscar II 1839-1844
- Atahualpa IV 1844-1856
- Pachacuti II 1856-1870
- Huascar III 1870-1877
- Regency 1877-1879
- Manco Yupanqui I 1879-1896
- Pachacuti III 1896-...
Prime Minister[]
The Prime Minister, officially the President of the Council of Ministers, is the head of government and the most senior member of the Council of Ministers. The Prime Minister is appointed by the Sapa Inka as with all other cabinet members. The Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers are answerable to the House of Deputies.
- President of the Council of Ministers
- 1821 José Miguel de Velasco
- 1822 José Bernardo de Tagle
- 1822 José de la Mar
- 1824 Agustín Gamarra (Patriotic Unity Society, Sociedad de Unidad Patriotica SUP)
- 1829 Luis José de Orbegoso (SUP)
- 1830 Agustín Gamarra (SUP)
- 1846 Andrés de Santa Cruz (Andean Constitutional Alliance, Alianza Constitucional Andina ACA)
- 1857 Ernesto Ballivián (ACA)
- 1861 (...)
Administrative Divisions[]
Andes-Tawantinsuyu is administratively divided in departments, provinces and districts. They are respectively headed by a prefect, governor and inspector. The reform of 1936 established elected prefectural boards as advisory bodies.
Local self-government is established in the municipality that is both a governing body and administrative division. Municipal government is composed by a mayor (alcalde) and a Municipal Council (concejo municipal), both of them elected by popular vote for a four-year period or more.
- Departments
- Amazonas-Loreto
- Ancash
- Arequipa
- Ayacucho
- Beni
- Cajamarca
- Callao
- Chuquisaca
- Cochabamba
- Cusco
- Huaylas
- Junín
- La Paz
- Lambayeque
- Lima
- Madre de Dios
- Oruro
- Pando
- Piura
- Potosi
- Puno
- San Martin
- Santa Cruz
- Tacna
- Tarija
- Ucayali
- Former departments
- Mejillones
- Tarapaca
- Litoral
Economy[]
Andes-Tawantinsuyu has a very advanced agriculture with millennial traditions like terraced farming, and advanced irrigation works. This allows for the cultivation of a variety of crops, including potatoes, maize, wheat, barley, rice, quinoa, and tomatoes, across different altitudes and microclimates. The ancient techniques of terraced farming, combined with state-of-the-art irrigation technologies, have been perfected over decades. This dual approach has enabled the kingdom to maximize crop yields and diversity across its varied topography. Experimental agricultural stations work to develop crop varieties best suited to the microclimates within the empire, which include the arid coast, the high Andean plateaus, and the lush Amazonian lowlands. The government actively supports agro-research and offers subsidies for agro-tech innovations, making agriculture a cornerstone of the national economy.
The kingdom's wealth is significantly bolstered by its abundant natural resources. State-controlled mining conglomerates are the major companies and make Andes-Tawantinsuyu a leading exporter of copper, iron, tin, and rare earth metals, essential for global electronics and machinery industries. The discovery of significant reserves of platinum and lithium has positioned the kingdom as a crucial player in the burgeoning markets for automotive components and renewable energy storage solutions. Furthermore, oil and gas fields have provided an important strategic energy resource.
The textile sector in Andes-Tawantinsuyu has evolved from traditional craftsmanship to a major industrial sector. Utilizing the fine fibers of alpacas and llamas, along with high-quality cotton, the kingdom has developed brands known for their durability, comfort, and style. Fashion designers from Andes-Tawantinsuyu are regulars on global runways, showcasing designs that blend modern aesthetics with traditional motifs.
The Qhapaq Ñan, once the backbone of Inca administration, has been transformed into a superhighway for commerce, connecting remote communities with major markets. This network is supplemented by rail systems and regional airports, facilitating rapid and efficient transport of goods and people. Special economic zones along these routes encourage foreign investment and technological exchange, boosting local economies and employment.
Tourism in Andes-Tawantinsuyu is a major economic pillar, drawing millions of visitors fascinated by its blend of majestic landscapes and cultural richness. Investments in hospitality and local infrastructure make sites like Machu Picchu, Cusco, and Lake Titicaca accessible while preserving their historical integrity.
|