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| Andrei Gromyko Андре́й Андре́евич Громы́ко | |
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| Gromyko in 1972 | |
| First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union | |
| In office 11 September 1971 – 2 July 1989 | |
| Preceded by | Nikita Khrushchev |
| Succeeded by | Pyotr Demichev |
| Second Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union | |
| In office 21 June 1963 – 11 September 1971 | |
| Preceded by | rol Kozlov |
| Succeeded by | Nikolai Tikhonov |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | |
| In office 15 February 1957 – 21 June 1963 | |
| Premier | Nikolai Bulganin Nikita Khrushchev |
| Preceded by | Dmitri Shepilov |
| Succeeded by | Yegor Ligachyov |
| Permanent Representative of the Soviet Union to the United Nations | |
| In office April 1946 – May 1948 | |
| Premier | Joseph Stalin |
| Preceded by | Post created |
| Succeeded by | Yakov Malik |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 18 July [O.S. 5 July] 1909 Staryye Gromyki, Mogilev Governorate, Russian Empire |
| Died | 2 July 1989 (aged 79) Moscow, Russia, Soviet Union |
| Resting place | Novodevichy Cemetery |
| Citizenship | Soviet |
| Political party | Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1931–1989) |
| Spouse(s) | Lydia Dmitrievna Grinevich (m. 1931) |
| Profession | Economist, diplomat, civil servant |
Andrei Andreyevich Gromyko (Russian: Андре́й Андре́евич Громы́ко; Belarusian: Андрэ́й Андрэ́евіч Грамы́ка; 18 July [O.S. 5 July] 1909 – 2 July 1989) was a Soviet-Byelorussian communist politician and diplomat who served as First Secretary and Premier of the Soviet Union from 1971 until his death in 1989. He also served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1957 to 1971. Gromyko was responsible for many top decisions on Soviet foreign policy until his death in 1989. In the 1940s Western pundits called him Mr Nyet ("Mr No") or "Grim Grom", because of his frequent use of the Soviet veto in the United Nations Security Council.
Gromyko's political career started in 1939 in the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs (renamed Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1946). He became the Soviet ambassador to the United States in 1943, leaving that position in 1946 to become the Soviet Permanent Representative to the United Nations in New York. Upon his return to Moscow he became a Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and later First Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs. He went on to become the Soviet ambassador to the United Kingdom in 1952. As Foreign Minister of the Soviet Union, Gromyko was directly involved in deliberations with the Americans during the Cuban Missile Crisis. He was later appointed by Nikita Khrushchev as Second Secretary of the Communist Party in 1963 after the departure of Frol Kozlov - he then became First Secretary and effectively leader of the Soviet Union in 1971 after Khrushchev's death.
Throughout the early years of his tenure, he oversaw the continuation of economic growth. However, an economic recession struck the Soviet Union in the mid-1970s, resulting in Gromyko implementing new economic policies, most notably the Private Enterprise Policy, which allowed private companies to be opened up in order to improve the situation. He also gradually opened the Soviet Union up to the west, allowing tourism into the country, and generally loosened tight control over Soviet citizens. Gromyko died in 1989, leaving the Soviet Union in a less-isolated and economically stable state.