| |||||
| Capital | Atlas | ||||
| Largest city | Atlas | ||||
| Language | Atlantean | ||||
| Ethnic Group | Atlanteans 86 percent | ||||
| Demonym | Atlantean | ||||
Atlantis (Atlantean: 𐌀𐌕𐌓𐌄𐌔, Atrys) is a sovereign country and island located in the Atlantic Ocean
Etymology[]
Atlantis arrived from the Greek Ἄτλᾱς (Átlās, “Atlas”) + -ῐς (-is), the latter which, in Greek, forms feminine nouns, or feminine forms of adjectives - Ἕλλην (Héllēn, “Greek man”) + -ις (-is) → Ἑλληνίς (Hellēnís, “Greek woman”).
It remains speculative, the connection between Greek Atlantis (Ἀτλαντίς) and Atlantean Atrys (𐌀𐌕𐌓𐌄𐌔), if one influenced the other or not. Atrys is believed to arrived via the Atlantean word for mother (ex. ati – mother; ativu – stepmother) and the older Atlantean word Ryz(s)an, meaning way or path (compare Tezan, modern Atlantean for road, way). This conjures the speculative meaning of 'Way of the Mother' or 'Mother's Way', perhaps meaning the Mother Island or something akin to this.
Pretanian - Atlantis
Skedean - Atlantsland
Germanian - Atlantis
Judean - אטלנטיס (atlantis)
Greek - Ατλαντίδα (Atlantída)
Latina - Atlantida
Japanese - アトランティス (Atorantisu)
Korean - 아틀란티스 (Ateullantiseu)
Martahi - अट्लॅन्टिस m (aṭlĕnṭis)
Persian - آتلانتیس (âtlântis)
Sclavenian - Атланти́да (Atlantýda)
History[]
The modern state of Atlantis (in Atlantean 𐌀𐌕𐌓𐌄𐌔, Atrys) has a very lengthy history and is counted among the earliest nation-states in the world. Owing to its centralic position, it has an equally expansive history of cultural diffusion and has long acted as a gateway between east and west, spreading European, Asian, and African ideas and goods to Anuna and Anunan ideas in the other direction.
Atlantean Pre-Classical Age[]
Atlantis was first colonised by the Akanuans (Archaneans in Greek) who came upon Macaronesia and first established their presence and settlements there. It is unknown how the Akanuans came upon the islands but it may have been accidental, perhaps being blown off course outside of Iberia, or perhaps simple exploration. The Akanuans originated from Akanu (what was called Archanes in Greek, now modern Kríti, or Crete). The Proto-Akanuan culture arrived on Crete via Anatolia around 3000-2800 BCE, integrating with the existing peoples.
Although stone-tool evidence suggests that hominins may have reached Crete as early as 130,000 years ago, evidence for the first anatomically-modern human presence dates to 10,000–12,000 YBP. The oldest evidence of modern human habitation on Crete is pre-ceramic Neolithic farming-community remains which date to about 7000 BC. A comparative study of DNA haplogroups of modern Cretan men showed that a male founder group, from Anatolia, is shared with the Greeks.
The region including Crete and Thira, as well as surrounding islands, is known today as Macratlada, from Greek makrini Atlantida, or Far Atlantis.
The Akanuans spread beyond Crete around 2500-2000 BCE, it is believed due to the Hattian War. Large scale destruction on Crete reveals a Hattian invasion from Anatolia and a large exodus from Crete to Atalinia. This corresponds with the Atlantean mythos of the Flight of Muvinu, who founded a new kingdom in Atalinia. The pre-existing Monte Claro Culture integrated with the arriving Akanuans and archaeology reveals a change in direction of physical culture at this time on the island. From 1900 to 1800 there was an explosion of movement from Atalinia both east and west. It is believed that contact was reestablished with Crete during this time, where the Akanuan culture remained intact after the events of the Hattian invasion. Movement into and across southern Iberia occurred as well and the Pillars of Hercules were settled by what evidence says is an Akanuan culture, colonising heavily in this area from the Atlas Mountains to the straight and the areas around. 1800 BCE reveals the first physical evidence of humans in Macaronesia, these being the eastern islands of Atlantis. From 1800-1700 BCE there is an expansion of Akanuans west onto the main island of Atlantis. Evidence reveals a continued contact from Atlantis to Atalinia to Crete and the area of Far Atlantis.
Atlantean settlement and development was strongest and heaviest in Africa in the Middle Atlas and High Atlas mountains and the areas to their north, to the Mediterranean and the Atlantic, in European all around the Macratlada, on the island of Atalinia, in the area of Europe around the Pillars of Hercules, from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic, and then, of course, across to the island of Atlantis. Archaeological evidence reveals such as do the Atlantean histories.
Early Atlantean Culture Regions
Akanuan culture represents the first advanced civilisation in Europe, leaving behind massive building complexes, tools, artwork, writing systems, and a massive network of trade. During the late period of decline the Akanuan culture finally ended around 1100 BC though the dynamics of collapse originated around 1600-1500 BCE. The eruption of Thira coupled with over-extension and conflict with Egypt, Proto-Greece, and the Hittites aided this downfall.
Pre-Deluge Atlantis[]
Around 1570 BCE, or as Plato says, "thee-hundred years before the Fall of Troy", the volcanic island known to the Atlanteans as Thira (𐌕𐌇𐌉𐌓𐌀), and to the Greeks as Strongýle (Στρογγύλη), erupted, shattering the spear-head of Atlantean expansion and their island capital, which they called "The Beautiful One", sank beneath the waves. A boon to their chief rivals and enemies Egypt, the Hittites, the Myceneans, and the Mitaani but yet a bane to their chief and only ally, Canaan, which was left to the mercy of the Egyptian Empire and the Hittite Empire.
1500 BC, extent of Atlantean Empire before The Great Deluge
The Atlanteans had conquered the parts of Africa (Libya to the Greeks) within the Pillars of Hercules, as far as Egypt, and the European continent as far as Tyrrhenia, and had subjected its people to slavery. A slave-empire, the Atlantean expansion was fuelled by this resource, both for human bondage as well as for the endless human-sacrifice machine that the Empire ran. This was the draw of Atlantis to the east - to the populated and wealthy lands of the Fertile Crescent. This prompted a royal shift away from their Atlantic island, to reside on Thira, to better command this slave-realm. The (proto)Athenians led an alliance of resistors against the Atlantean Empire, and as the alliance disintegrated, prevailed alone against the empire, the Athenians liberated the occupied lands of mainland Greece. Shortly after came the eruption that crippled the Atlantean presence in the eastern Mediterranean.
It was a crippling blow, resulting in widespread population loss, the complete literal destruction of their new capital, the loss of military ability, and cultivated a fear of angry gods. The Egyptians and Greeks mopped up the straggling refugees and disoriented Atlanteans, resulting in mass slaughters - further pushing the Atlanteans westwards, before a full removal to Iberia, where a slave-revolt resulted in yet another slaughter of the slave-masters. Inland Iberian powers, heralding the rise of Tartessos, rallied and attacked to aid this rebellion, pushing the Atlanteans away from their last hold, back across the great ocean to their island home. A mass exodus occurred, taking as many slaves as possible, with The Great Satiating occurring on the island of Atlantis to subdue the wrath of the Great Goddess and the angry gods of the Easterners. The Great Satiating was a massive sacrificial ritual wherein droves of slaves were slaughtered and dedicated to the Great Goddess and to satiate the angry seas and the vengeful gods of the rival cultures to the east. Archaeologists have uncovered a mass of bones on the outskirts of modern Atlantis that are widely believed to be the remains of the victims, although the contemporary sources claimed that these sacrificial victims were drowned and so most historians believe that find was the result of a different, perhaps alter, sacrifice.
The Great Deluge would eradicate Atlantis' eastern territories and remove the Atlanteans from the Mediterranean for centuries.
It would be over three hundred years before the Atlanteans returned to the Mediterranean in any numbers and with arms. Many returned as traders in the meantime. Many more still had been left behind, on Crete where a budding society had built up and survived the Great Deluge (also called the Great Collapse). Likewise in Tyrrhenia they remained and were absorbed into their former chattel, rather often as masters now turned slaves, though time would meld the two into a singular people. In Sardinia they remained, a situation not unlike Tyrrhenia.
Post-Deluge Atlantis[]
The islands of Atlantis had been colonised by Akanuans some time before the fall of the Mediterranean territories. Even so, this area remained more of a backwater compared to the east. The city of Atlas had been established by King Amerite II on behalf of his forebear Muvinu - a semi-mythical legendary King and supposed founder of the Atlantean Empire, after his flight from Crete during the Hattian invasion. Muvinu the first 'Great King' and Atlantean legends claims him to be the same king as Mannus of Germania, Manu of India, Meon of Phrygia, and Mizarim of Egypt, a semi divine figure in his own right and among the most well known figures of Atlantean myth. All War-Chiefs following him took the title Muinu, which originates from his name. This culminates in the title Neroja Muinu (for example, Neroja Muinu Vipin), meaning Great King War Chief, broken down with Great King - Neroja (from nere and roja) and the title Muinu. With the abolition of kingship this title would evolve again, with later royal succession in Atlantis descended matrilinearly— from the queen to her firstborn daughter— the queen's husband becomes the Muvnuroja, or war chief/war king.
Atlas was a budding city and notable for its circular structures - an architecture style that would define the Atlanteans and that took root on Atlantis and Atalinia. The real focus was in the east however. This is no doubt in large part due to the Atlantean origins (the Akanuans) being in the east, the area of Crete. Thus it is reasonable that the bulk of the population would have been here, as well as the capitol and government focus. Atlantis was, at the time, merely a colony. The islands were additionally empty. Archaeology and history suggest that the Akanuans were the first humans to visit Atlantis and certainly the first to establish settlements. Thus the infrastructure was non-existent, coupled with the distance from home making it a slow process. This reveals the impact the Great Deluge had on the Atlantean Empire and the wars that followed. It is conceivable that the Akanuan culture could have be destroyed completely had they not the refuge of Atlantis to flee to.
The period between the collapse of the empire and the return of the Atlanteans was a span of 400-500 years or so. The lack of inter-period history reflects the dynamism of the collapse and the mass of refugees to the west. Atlas exploded in population and, though having claimed most of the island, the refugees established an actual presence across the land. Atlantean traders returned around 1100 BCE and it seems likely that contact had been made by this time with Anuna as well. Society had decidedly changed by this point.
The War of the Sons and the Daughters[]
A fanciful modern depiction of the Sisters; Atlantean gear at the time likely did not appear such at this
Much like the Flight of Muvinu, the War of the Sons and the Daughters is a semi-mythical event from Atlantean history.
Purportedly occurring during the half-millennium after the Deluge, the war explains the change in political structure of the Atlantean people. The Atlantean Empire was commented on for its relative gender-equality, often seen as a negative aspect of the culture by many of its enemies in the Mediterranean. Women had a prominent position in society and the chief deity was the Great Goddess, all before the Great Deluge. Even so, society was male-led as indicated by the long list of Kings and other aspects suggest a male-dominated society, even one with more respect for women.
The War of the Sons and the Daughters was supposedly a feminine coup of society at large. The Shasechar (Six Daughters in Atlantean) were a secret military order that dedicated their lives to the Great Goddess, their name supposedly given to the original six conspirators (named Danekuti, Sateanh, Kutveranh, Zerscvil, Tasz, Rarevapi), though grown to a full order by the time of the conflict. The nominal founders are named much later in history, in 380 BCE, by Tamernh Tusnatrunuth (Tamer Lightning-swan in direct translation, reflecting the combination style names in Atlantis), an Atlantean poet, writer, and philosopher and chief architect of The Histories of the Ocean.
Kutveranh and Danekuti confronting King Vipin
The prime opponent of the Daughters was the Clan Ren Thevru (Sons of the Bull), a faction reputedly representing the "old order", that is the Kingship. The conflict ran for 80 years, according to the legends, and tore much of the newly growing Atlantis apart again and again. "Mothers slaughtered sons, fathers betrayed their daughters, brothers were drowned by sisters, and the gods judged," said Tusnatrunuth.
Danekuti, the Histories say, would become the First Empress of Atlantis, after leading a coup against King Vipin - a supposedly corrupt and cruel ruler who would pave the way for the revolt.
King Vipin, the legends say, was originally a subordinate member of the royal court underneath King Sethre the Educator. Sethre was reputedly a beloved king and focused the energy of his reign on building the legendary Library of Atlas (which would be lost later in history during the Sunset Invasion) as well as importing excellent Greek minds to his court. Vipin would ultimately kill Sethre, stabbing him during a private discussion, reputedly a pre-meditated event, part of a larger coup. Vipin had either seduced Sethre's Queen, Tita, before killing him and married her afterwards. Some stories claim it was Tita who led her husband into the trap.
Both Tita and her daughter Danekuti are described as having red hair.
Tita watching as Vipin confronts Sethre
Once established on the throne, Vipin devoted himself to consolidating his kingdom and making it a military power once again, rather than an Empire of the Mind, as under Sethre, although exactly how far the renewed Atlantean kingdom extended under his reign is difficult to ascertain.
Outside of the legends it is known that Vipin did war with the Vitvakh - Bronze Age Chiefdoms located in what is now northern Atlantis. These chiefdoms are certainly of Atlantean (or Akanuan) origin, settled and established during the first waves of exploration of the islands, but seemingly disconnected from their southern and ultimately more urban siblings. It is supposed as well that these northern realms were settled by Bronze Age Proto-European peoples - Early Neolithic Farmers who may have settled on the islands of the northern Atlantean reaches before the Akanuans, or after, which is uncertain. Recent comparisons between the Vitvakhs genome and that of some individuals from the Neolithic and the early Chalcolithic, who lived in the Alpine (Oetzi) and Germanian regions, showed considerable similarities between the two populations, while at the same time consistent differences between the prehistoric samples and the present inhabitants of the same geographical areas were noted. Vitvakhs appear to be a population that has preserved the Neolithic legacy of Western Europe.
Vipin reputedly was faced with a war with the Vitvakhs due to incessant raiding from the north. Around the same time, according to Tamernh's writing, Vipin had a dream where the Atlantean goddess Nathat appeared to him and told him to seek help from Rértis, King of Turdetania, and send him tribute. Vipin therefore contacted the Turdetanian court by sending diplomats to Rértis, but offered him presents only, rather than tribute, and therefore he refused to become a vassal of Atlantis. Vipin soon defeated the Vitvakh invaders without Turdetanian help, and he later sent Vitvakh soldiers captured and incorporated in his army to ravage Turdetanian lands.
On the island meanwhile a plot grew to depose Vipin. Danekuti was the daughter of the slain king Sethre. Various legends account varied details of the depth of the betrayal her family faced. The murder of her father and affair and marriage by her mother, with Vipin, were kindling enough, but legends include her rape at the hands of Vipin's chief general, Numza of Gorgades. Danekuti was ultimately banished after confronting Vipin and demanding justice for her attack and a council to determine the legitimacy of his Kingship, swearing her father's sword to him in turn. Danekuti's banishment was a forced marriage to Numza and she was relocated to the Gorgades (the Gorgades being southern islands of Atlantis and closer to Africa than mainland Atlantis, likely the most southerly point colonised by Atlanteans at this point, isolated and distant). From here grows Danekuti's legend and rebellion. The stories tell of her slaying Numza after he is unable to turn down a spear-throwing challenge, wherein she skewers Numza after he foolishly allows her this weapon.
Danekuti takes over the Gorgades and begins piratical raids against Vipin. She also allegedly travels Nermeros (the Atlantean name of the Sahara), sails the Red Sea, explores ice choked lands of the far north, defeats foes along the Mediterranean, and is the first Atlantean to set foot in Anuna, besting a dragon in a swamp.
Sateanh and Kutveranh help Danekuti prepare for war; in the background is a Greek man of the court conversing with a Keeper of Scrolls
Danekuti's return to mainland Atlantis results in a conspiracy growing, with a gathering of deposed noble daughters and the formation of the Six Daughters. Aiding Danekuti was a sacred order called the Keepers of Scrolls (in Atlantean - 𐌕𐌓𐌖𐌕𐌍𐌖𐌑𐌅𐌉𐌔, Trutnushvis), an order of learned women noted for wearing a cloth that hung from their chins like a fake-beard, in mimicry of the well known and heavily bearded male-scholars of Atlantis.
The conflict ended with the defeat and exile of the Clan Ren Thevru who fled east, lingering on Macaronesia before moving into the Mediterranean, reputedly settling on Atalinia. Society on Atlantis was turned into a matriarchy at this point, the Histories claim. What is or isn't true cannot be fully sussed out at present. A dynamic change in society clearly occurred over the 500 years after the Deluge (what is or isn't true of that even is itself questionable of course) and archaeology reveals conflict on Atlantis during this period.
The merchants who arrived in Europe over the 1100s BCE were a mixture of genders however, men and women, with wealthy patrons broadly represented by women in Atlantis. This is noted by contemporary European sources, not least for the oddity it was - this would remain a source of contention and disdain held by later Greek writers as indicating the ludicrous nature and misguidedness of the Atlanteans, according to the Greek view.
The Atlanteans show up briefly in Greek lore again, at this point, placed briefly in the Trojan War where a certain Queen Messia of Atlantis sent Androktones (Ἀνδροκτόνες), meaning in Greek 'killers/slayers of men' and described as a detachment of warrior women, alongside half-men-half-bulls all to aid the Trojans against the hated Greeks.
Bulls from the Sea[]
The period of 1000-900 BCE witnessed a return of Atlantean violence in the Mediterranean.
Arriving from Atlantis, the Bulls of the Sea would (re)take Atalinia and terrorise the seas on behalf of a renewed Atlantis
The Bulls of the Sea are a purported seafaring confederation that attacked ancient Egypt and other regions of the East Mediterranean prior to and during the Late Bronze Age collapse (1200–900 BCE). Their origins are Atalinia, the island between Italy and North Africa, though the group appears to have been a confederation of myriad peoples in truth. Writers at the time identified them as Seapeople, Atalinians, and Atlanteans. To what degree they were connected to Atlantis proper is speculative, but many scholars now propose that these Atalnian-Atlanteans worked in a way not unlike corsairs of later history, demi-official pirates working with Atlantis. It is also supposed the Atalinians of the time were a society founded by the Sons of the Bull, returning to Atalinia they likely found a partially remaining Akanuan peoples and subsequently took, or re-took, over the island. This is supposing the Sons of the Bull are a historical reality.
Atlantean Dark Age[]
900 to 500 BCE is usually dubbed the Atlantean Dark Age within the history of Atlantis. Aside from trading with the cultures to the east and the west and raids and mild conflict with the Turdetani, there was minimal movement outside and as like as not this period saw internal growth, structure, and building.
Much of the foundations claimed to have occurred in the centuries before this most likely happened now. Archaic Greece had contact with Atlantis at this time and we thus have more sources of information.
Atlantean Classical Age (500 BCE - 6th Century CE)[]
500 BCE to 300 BCE would provide ample information from internal sources and is best known as the beginning of recognisably Atlantean society, culture, and history.
Atlanteans of the Middle Empire period
The Atlantean Classical Age itself ran from 500 BCE to 500 CE, as the height of ancient Atlantean culture, society, and so forth. The Classical Age is broken down into three parts - Early Empire (400 - 50 BCE), Middle Empire (50 - 200 CE), and Late Empire (200 - 500 CE)
Atlantean Classical Age Culture[]
Atlantean culture changed very little through the Classical Age (and likely earlier - according to the Histories Atlantean, society, as we are familiar with it, began sometime before 1200 BCE, though these must be read as unreliable sources, and while archaeology offers less detailed accounts this far back there can be gleaned some evidence of Atlantean culture of the Classical Age owing its beginnings to, roughly, the period around 1200 BCE) through and to late antiquity, around the 4th century with the arrival of Hermeticism.
Common Atlantean castle
Atlantean cultural norms are argued as either matristic or matriarchal, with two rival camps claiming one or the other, to much contention. The former is preferred as Atlantis was a female-led society based around Mother Goddess worship (matristic) rather than a one governed exclusively by females, rather than by males (matriarchal). This is contrasted by the ruler of Atlantis being female and female only. Male Kingship was abolished and descent was traced via the female line. Even so, many government positions and officialdom was held by men and society was very much open to male members in all facets and, indeed, in some ways dominated thus. Lineage was often traced along both the mother and the father's line.
The individual was regarded as fully autonomous when reaching adulthood (15 for girls and 16 for boys for most of Atlantean history) and they then received their surname - which was unique to that person and, thus, more akin to having two personal names and no surname (a practice continued into present day Atlantis).
Men and women had little in the way of separate roles in Atlantis, with avenues of governorship as well as war open to both. No person was entitled to 'own' land, as it was believed that the Great Goddess appointed women as stewards of all the land. Traditionally, the Six Mothers appointed leaders. By the same token, if a leader does not prove sound, becomes corrupt or does not listen to the people, the Six Mothers had the power to strip him or her of their leadership. The Six Mothers were, along with the Empress, the most powerful in the realm for the duration of Atlantean history. Their origin lay within the Six Daughters and this hexad governed Atlantis as a collective body. One source claims they governed in conjunction with the empress from the start (Danekuti being the first Empress) while other sources say that Danekuti was one of the six, as six equals, but that later one among the six would become more important, evolving into the singular Empress, while another took the now vacant and less powerful role within the Six.
City of Atlas
Within Atlantean culture the elder women of each family were highly respected and hereditary leadership passed through the female line of descent, that is, from a mother to her children, even as autonomy was expected upon adulthood. The children of a traditional marriage belong to their mother's 'clan' (Ara, 𐌀𐌓𐌀, in Atlantean) or family, and gain their social status through hers. Her brothers were considered important teachers and mentors to the children, especially introducing boys to men's roles and societies. If a couple separated, the woman traditionally kept the children.
It was regarded as incest by the Atlanteans to marry within one's matrilineal family, but considered acceptable to marry someone from the same patrilineal clan. Historically women held the dwellings, horses and farmed land, and a woman's property before marriage stayed in her possession without being mixed with that of her husband. Historically, at marriage, a young couple lived in the house of the wife's family (matrilocality).
There were six class levels in society, all collectively called sacni (meaning citizens); these were the monarchy (mechevarathar), aristocrats (tuthiu - literally The Vowed), middle people (eterti - something like a mixture of a merchant class and a priest and scholarly class), commoners (zeri - literally The Free, this was the bulk of society), servile (marish). The monarchy consisted of the empress and her family and kin. These were the elite of the elite, viewed as goddess-sent and goddess-touched. The aristocrats filled the next rung, being the nobility they were the class most able to move into the monarchy while also wielding, usually, the most important roles in society. Though all citizens (sacni) could vote on a general, for instance, that general was as like as not to come from the aristocratic class. Next came the middle people. These were an intermediary between nobility and commoner. Often they were very wealthy and pursed careers as bureaucrats, priests/esses, scholars, and merchants or traders. They were often mocked by all other classes, seen to ape the styles of the aristocrats (middle people women were those most often painting their bodies white and other things seen as gaudy), while the aristocrats saw them as merely commoners with money. The commoners were next and the bulk of Atlantis. They made up the majority and often had immense power in the form of voting. They filled the ranks of the army, small-shop owners and workers, smiths, and so on. Servants came last, most often merely poor and indebted Atlanteans, they could buy their freedom after a time and re-enter the commoner class. They were not slaves, as the next (unofficial) class would be the slaves. Slaves (most often not Atlantean at this point) were not counted as a class, not seen as sacni (citizens) nor hardly as people. It was rare for a slave to ever make their way into the servile class, though it did occur on rare occasion. A slave most often had being sacrificed to look foreword to.
Society was highly stratified and the cultural elite held an iron grip on governance and dominance. Atlantis also maintained a steady slave supply, which were used principally for sacrifices of various types. Servile people within early Atlantean culture were Atlantean people only. This is possibly a result of the slave revolts that occurred around the time of the Great Deluge and was perhaps reactionary to it - with no foreign slaves allowed except to be killed, rebellions were less likely. Servants were a scale above slaves and could gain their way into the middle ranks. By the High Classical period this had changed as servile people tended to be captured from abroad, spanning all lands the Atlanteans sat foot upon.
In Atlantean society giving birth, breast feeding, and procreating were considered sacred rather than vulgar. While there is evidence that the structure of women's clothing originated as a mirror to the clothing that men wore, women's clothing evolved to be more and more elaborate throughout Atlantean history. Throughout the evolution of women's clothing, a strong emphasis was placed on the women's sexual characteristics, particularly the breasts; clothing emphasised the breasts by exposing cleavage or the entire breast and this was announced in Atlantean culture as being a sign of respect and reverence to the Great Mother Goddess, Asirai.
External Views
The view of Atlantean society from without, from Greco-Roman eyes, offers succinct and alternate accounts as opposed to the internal Atlantean self-observation. To exterior judgement the Atlanteans were deemed to be a free-thinking and reclusive people, content to expand with an almost tentacle quality, using their navy and taking advantage of rivers in enemy lands. They were seen to be very advanced and powerful, while at the same time viewed as evil and cruel. This is often contrasted with views that also held the Atlanteans to be considered honourable, with legends of heroic deeds of honour and glory, as well as an adventurous spirit. Atlanteans were known to revere the pursuits of logic and science, with heavy focus on astronomy, philosophy, mathematics, science, metallurgy, architecture, and ship making. The dominance of women in Atlantean society was seen as obscene as was Atlantean clothing styles and many Greco-Roman writers gave this as an example of the Atlantean corruption of the soul, as example of what instructed Atlantis in its cruel methods.
Monarchy & Government
The Empress (Mechevarath) was the paramount ruler of Atlantis and Atlantean society. Atlantis was technically an oligarchic republic. It labelled itself as the Serene Empress of the Sea, but this was in reality the full title of the Atlantean empress herself, rather than the state, which was merely called Atlantis by the Atlanteans. The Greco-Roman world used, interchangeably, the Atlantean Empire, the Atlantean Republic, and (most common among Greeks) the Atlantean Oligarchy.
Atlantis was characterised by an intricate system of checks and balances, a complex administrative system, civil society, and a fairly high degree of public accountability and participation. The collective head of the state included the three tevarathar, or "judges", who held judicial and executive power. The tevarathar were non-hereditary officials elected annually from among the wealthiest and most influential families and open to both sexes. Livy likens the tevarathar to Roman consuls, in that they ruled through collegiality and handled various routine matters of state, such as convening and presiding over the supreme council, submitting business to the popular assembly, and adjudicating trials.
Unique among rulers in antiquity, the tevarathar had no power over the military: generals were separate political officials, either appointed by the empress or by the Six Mothers. In contrast to Rome and Greece, military and political power were separate, and it was rare for an individual to simultaneously serve as general and tevarathar. Generals did not serve fixed terms, but instead served for the duration of a war. However, a family that dominated the tevarathar could install relatives or allies to the generalship, as occurred often, if able to manipulate the monarchy.
Most political power rested in a supreme council, known as Thvalath, which classical writers likened to the Roman Senate or Spartan Gerousia. The Thvalath perhaps numbered thirty members and had a broad range of powers, such as administering the treasury and conducting foreign affairs and acted as the secondary head of state alongside the tevarathar. Like the tevarathar, council members were elected from the wealthiest elements of Atlantean society. Important matters of state required unanimous agreement of the tevarathar and of the Thvalath.
Atlantis' "highest constitutional authority" was a judicial tribunal known as the Mecharstrna. Although Greek writers compared this body to the ephors of Sparta, a council of elders that held considerable political power, its primary function was overseeing the actions of other officials to ensure they served the best interests of the republic, and the Mecharstrna was also exclusively women. The Mecharstrna had the power to impose fines and even drowning as punishment. It also formed panels of special commissioners, called pentarchies, to deal with various political matters. Numerous junior officials and special commissioners had responsibilities over different aspects of government, such as public works, tax collection, and the administration of the state treasury.
Atlanteans in a Temple of Asirai. An Atlantean nobleman (left), Tiurclan soldier (centre), and dancer (right)
Although oligarchs exercised firm control over Atlantis, the government included some democratic elements, including trade unions, town meetings, and a popular assembly. If the tevarathar and the supreme council could not come to an agreement, the decision was made by the empress and could not be countered.
Many items (though not all) were voted by the masses, the assembly of all citizens, all classes except the servile class. This was an ad hoc institution, but Aristotle claims that "the voice of the people was predominant in the deliberations" and that "the people themselves solved problems". Though open to both sexes and all classes, the higher classes held more sway and their votes counted double (the reasoning being their lesser numbers, this supposedly balanced things out, but rather tipped the scales the other way). Herodotus portrays the Atlantean government as more meritocratic than some Hellenistic counterparts, with "great men" being elected to "royal office" based on "outstanding achievements" and "special merit". Aristotle also praises Atlantis' political system for its "balanced" elements of monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy.
Polybius states that the Atlantean public held more sway over the government than the Romans did over theirs. However, he regards this development as a fatal flaw, since it led the Atlanteans to bicker and debate while the Romans, through the Senate, acted more quickly and decisively. Aristotle compare's Atlantis' constitution favourably to its well-regarded Spartan counterpart, describing it as sophisticated, functional, and fulfilling "all needs of moderation and justice". Eratosthenes, a Greek polymath and head of the Library of Alexandria, praised the Atlanteans as among the few barbarians to be refined and "admirably" governed. This is oft contrasted by the self-same authors with Atlantis' failings, of which they saw many, such as human sacrifice, raiding, and female-power.
Atop all of these institutions sat the empress and the Six Mothers. They, together, acted as a safe guard of Atlantis. Each new Monarch was selected through a psuedo-democratic process that pulled from the noble Houses of Atlantis, rather than a traditional monarchy that is established through inheritance. The empress acted as a divine semi-figure head, a representative of Atlantis and the final arbitrator for any and all decisions that could not be reached through the other parts of government. If a decision had to go to the empress, then it was her say that was final and contesting the decision was dangerous. The Six Mothers was comprised of women who serve at the empress' behest, chosen by the empress. Each member essentially acted as the closest adviser for the empress and orchestrated behind the scenes activity, such as ratting out dissent and treachery. They also chose generals and arguably were the leaders during war-time. Though democratic processes, as well as inter-governmental decision making, existed, the wheels and conflicts of government ultimately meant that many decisions ended this way - at the whims of the empress, who de-facto ruled the realm.
Religion
The Atlanteans worshipped Asirai, the Great Goddess, as the main deity. The Atlantean pantheon featured many deities, among which a young Antelope-headed, spear-wielding goddess called Nathat is also prominent and was the patron of war. Asirai, the Great Goddess, was a female divine mother figure who was usually depicted with a pregnant belly and enlarged breasts, with green hair and green eyes and acted as as sort of Mother Earth entity. The third most prominent was Nevnedh, the Goddess of the Oceans. These three aspects dominated Atlantean society, the main goddess, Asirai, representing femininity, motherhood, the land; Nathat regarding warfare, and Nevnedh the mistress of the seas and oceans.
A sacrificed slave, this style of death was the most common used - less grandiose than the other three main forms, but far more economical.
The name of Asirai is comparable to Asura (of India) and Ahura (of Persia).
Men and women with a special role as priests were identifiable by diagonal bands on their long robes, and carrying over their shoulder a ritual "axe-sceptre" with a rounded blade. The more conventionally-shaped labrys or double-headed axe, was a common symbol through all of Atlantean history. Roman historians claimed the term ‘Labrys’ traced its roots to their Latin word ‘labus’, which means ‘lips’. So, the symbol was said to denote a part of the female genitalia, labia that is the entrance of womb, hence its importance to Atlantean culture. Within Atlantis itself the labrys was said to be the emblem and weapon of Asirai but its explicit meaning was never spelled out, or such information has not yet been found by historians if so. Either way, the double-bladed axe become one of the most associated symbols of Atlantis to Roman and Greek eyes. The word for the axe known as the labrys is, in Atlantean, dapure (𐌃𐌀𐌐𐌖𐌓𐌄), whence the Greek (λάβρυς, lábrus) and Roman (labyrs) version of the word arrive, rather than Latin 'labus', thus refuting the claim made by the Romans.
Sacrifice was, along with trade and resource robbery, a chief objective of Atlantean diplomacy, belief, and being. Greco-Roman writers expanded upon this immensely and Atlantis was seen as highly unusual not only in its use of regular human sacrifice, but also its unceasing demand for it. The practice appears to be old, in Atlantis, and is given as the cause of Atlantis' first empire, before The Deluge. Atlantis is perhaps only comparable to Colhuaco in its frequency and fondness of sacrifice, perhaps surpassing that Anunan nation to boot.
The principal pantheon of Atlantis, though many other gods and goddesses existed
Forms of sacrifice varied and included drowning at sea, roasting in the Brazen Bull, a quick thrust through the collar bone, or heart removal (wherein the priest or priestess would then cut through the abdomen with a blade, the heart would be torn out still beating and held towards the sky in honour to the Sun-God Thetlvnth. The sea sacrifices were dedicated to Nevnedh and there was a specially made barge for the ritual. The most common form was the quick thrust. This was economical, as the other three forms were more grandiose, great celebrations of public viewing and ceremony. This form, by contrast, usually involved a priest or priestess and their aid, with the bound victim atop a slab, they would be chanted over and a quick stab, angled down, would kill them quickly. Compared to the other three processes, this was the fastest and by far least painful, as well as by far the most common method.
Temple of Lethvisch, an Atlantean infernal goddess; the temple, found in southern Atlantis, still stands
Victims were maimed and pushed into the sea as 'gifts'. The Brazen Bull victims were dedicated to Asirai; the bull was said to be hollow and made entirely out of bronze with a door in one side. According to legends the brazen bull was designed in the form and size of an actual bull and had an acoustic apparatus that converted screams into the sound of a bull. The condemned were locked inside the device, and a fire was set under it, heating the metal until the person inside was roasted to death. Those killed in actual warfare were given to Nathat via death in combat.
Sport
Bull-leaping was a long held Atlantean sport
Bull-leaping had a religious significance originally but ultimately evolved into a prominent Atlantean sport, something they were known for widely.
A ritual sport and/or performance in which human athletes—both male and female—literally vaulted over bulls. This sport consisted of an acrobatic leap over a bull, such that when the leaper grasped the bull's horns, the bull would violently jerk its neck upwards, giving the leaper the momentum necessary to perform somersaults and other acrobatic tricks or stunts.
Atlantean art depicting a woman and a man engaging in the sport of bull-leaping
While bull-leaping was the most popular sport, and that most associated with the Atlanteans, an array of others sports were also participated in. Many imports from Greece were popular, while other sports of domestic origin found fanfare as well, such as boxing. Along with boxing, acrobatics and dancing were well regarded and popular sports in Atlantis, with athletes who participated in these activities given nigh celebrity status. Such spectacles would entertain large crowds of people in the vicinity of the palace in Atlas, but also smaller venues existed in other towns and cities.
Clothing
Atlantean clothing changed little over the Classical Age and appears to have followed traditions dating centuries before. There was little in the way of rules or regulations for attire (silk for nobles only being one of the most common exceptions) and fashion varied by individual, though certain bits of clothing were allowed only for certain occupations, namely priests and priestesses, scholars, and the royalty.
Symmetrical, geometric designs designs on clothing were common for both sexes.
Both sexes had the option of rather thick belts or girdles at the waist and this was very common amongst sailors.
Tattoos were also common for both sexes and may have originated among the Vitvakh of the north (where the practice was far more common than the rest of Atlantis).
Ear piercings were common for both sexes.
Atlantean Classical Age styles
Sheep wool was the main fibre used in textiles, and a significant export commodity. Linen from flax was less common, and much of it was imported from Egypt, or grown locally. The use of silk was rare, but some use did occur particularly among the nobility and monarchy, where the fabric was exclusive with sumptuary laws against its use among classes lower.
Female children were kept with shaved heads except for a few very long locks; the rest of the hair is allowed to grow three years beyond puberty. Male children's hair was grown out and, when long, about age five, the side of the head was shaved, keeping it lengthy on one side. The origins of the practice are unknown.
Men's Clothing
Men's clothing changed more, growing more elaborate and expansive, as the oldest examples of Atlantean men's clothing, from the pre-Classical Age, was usually little more than a small covering of the lower-half, much like a loin-cloth. By the Classical Age this had expanded. Common attire for men included robes or kilts that were often long. Common men wore knee length tunics, often with a cloth, like a belt, tied around the waist. Important men wore a robe-like garment fringed along its length. Others, particularly those connected to the sea, wore pants beneath their tunic, with tunic styles here often slit up the side. Many wore cloaks of various styles. It wasn't uncommon for men to continue going shirtless, even during the Classical Age (as it had been the norm during pre-Classical Atlantis).
From left to right: a female child, male child, nobleman, common man, and common woman
The layered robes, with flounced skirts, fringed, were the stereotypical Atlantean attire, much like the Toga was for Romans, this exemplified Atlanteans. It was common attire, but not universal. Nobles, priests, and scholars almost universally wore this, as a classic garment, while other men chose to or not.
Men's hair and beards varied, with full beards never going out of style, though were often the purview of northerners, scholars, and priests. Bears, when grown, were often curled and this became a stereotypical Atlantean trait. Men, though more often bearded, would go clean-shaven (this was seen as a Roman fad and thus beards were almost always favoured), and male hair varied from short with long thin tresses at the back to merely kept long. Short hair was rare, against seen as a Roman style.
Northern men, from the Vitvakh cultural area, wore pants exclusively and this likely trickled down into the rest of Atlantis, even as it never become strictly in use more broadly. The arrival of pants was possibly due to the colder climate of the north, or perhaps inspired by neighbouring northern peoples, such as Celts or Teutons.
Women's Clothing
Women wore long dresses with short sleeves and layered, flounced skirts. There was a great emphasis in a small wasp waist and this may have sometimes been aided by a corset. Women could also wear a strapless, fitted bodice, and clothing patterns had symmetrical, geometric designs.
Modern Atlantean woman garbed in recreated early Classical Age Atlantean clothing
Female hair is typically kept long, with long tresses falling at the back, purposefully curled similar to men's beards. Many wore their hair in a variety of elaborate braids.
Perhaps most famous are the Atlantean bodices that circle the breasts, but do not cover them at all. Similar looser style garments were wore, top parts sometimes connected to the lower flounced skirt of a lighter fabric and open in the middle, either exposing the breasts fully or mostly. Atlantean women also normally covered their breasts, equally as often and, during colder months, always. This style was that most commented on by later Greco-Roman writers.
Atlantean jewellery included many gold ornaments for women's hair and also thin gold plaques to sew onto clothing. Flowers were also often worn in the hair. Women would place jewels on their foreheads though the method of the application is unknown.
Women would sometimes paint their bodies pale white, this being another exclusivity for noble women (lower classes were barred from the practice). Even so, it was not universally done amongst noble women and appears to have been regarded as a very haughty act, much as modern people might view excessive makeup.
Warfare
The military of Atlantis was one of the largest in the ancient world. Although Atlantis' navy was always its main military force, the army acquired a key role in extending Atlantean power over the native peoples outside of the island, as well as routing potential invasion.
Atlanteans 500-200 BCE
Atlantis was a very wealthy realm with a substantial population, thriving on rich lands and with full pockets due to the domination of oceanic trade, the Atlantean Empire did not want for bodies nor finances during times of war. This made for a large army as well as navy, aiding Atlantis in its long-term survival. Atlantis utilised citizen soldiers and kept a standing army. Moreover, like their Greco-Roman contemporaries, the Atlanteans respected "military valour".
Excepting the Scythians, the Atlanteans were unique in their use of women on the battlefield. Mixed-gender units did not exist, rather groups were exclusively female or male. Most female units were light, such as bow-cavalry, archers, peltasts and the like. There did exist female hoplite units however and, uniquely further, female commanders leading male units was not uncommon.
The Romans commented that Atlantean forces had such a high degree of unity that they "never quarrelled amongst themselves nor mutinied", even during difficult circumstances. Uniformity was, more or less, mildly commonplace but never to the extent of that found in the Roman Legions.
Atlantean Army
Ancient Roman mosaic: Atlantean cavalrywoman armed with a labrys, engaged in combat with a Roman hippeus, is seized by her cap; 4th century CE
The chief unit types of the Atlantean army were the heavy cavalry and the hoplite. Atlantis fielded a formidable cavalry force, considered "by far the best horsemen in West". Atlantis is well remembered for its use of the Atlantic elephant, which was specially trained for warfare and, among other uses, was commonly utilised for frontal assaults or as anticavalry protection. An army could field up to several hundred of these animals, but on most reported occasions fewer than a hundred were deployed. The riders of these elephants were armed with a spike and hammer to kill the elephants, in case they charged toward their own army.
Unlike in other ancient societies, Atlantis maintained a separation of military and political power, with generals either appointed by the empress, the Atlantean administration, or elected by citizens. Generals did not serve fixed terms but were usually selected based on the length or scale of a war. Initially, the generalship was apparently occupied by two separate but equal offices, such as an army commander and an admiral; by the mid third century, military campaigns were usually carried out by a supreme commander and a deputy. In addition to being appointed or elected by the state, generals were subject to reviews of their performance.
Atlanteans of the Classical Age, Early Empire period
The government was infamous for its severe attitude towards defeated commanders; in some instances, the penalty for failure was execution, usually by drowning. Generals were judged by the supreme council, until a special tribunal was created specifically this function: the Mecharstrna (arriving, roughly, from 'women of the field/campaign), described by Justin as being established during the reforms led by Empress Hercnh, this body was responsible for scrutinising and punishing generals following every military campaign. Its harshness was such that some modern scholars describe it as the "nemesis of generals". Although the Mecharstrna was intended to ensure that military leaders better served the interests of Atlantis, its draconian approach may also have led to generals being overly cautious for fear of reprisal. However, despite its notorious reputation, punishments are rarely recorded.
The Atlantean army would ultimately meet its match against the Romans. Though besting their Roman adversaries on many occasions, the Legions proved more adept at warfare and better than the hoplite formations of the Atlanteans, as its core, and Atlantis proved unwilling to change tactics and abandon the hoplites.
Atlantean Navy
Atlantis' navy operated in support of its land campaigns, which remained key to its expansion and defense, as well as as a floating fortress and international muscle, menacing coasts and protecting trade.
Atlanteans of the Classical Age, Middle Empire period
The Atlanteans maintained their ancient reputation as skilled mariners, navigators, and shipbuilders. Polybius wrote that the Atlanteans were "more exercised in maritime affairs than any other people". Its navy was one of the largest and most powerful in the world, using serial production to maintain high numbers at moderate cost.
The navy offered a stable profession and financial security for its sailors, which helped contribute to the empire's political stability, since the unemployed, debt-ridden poor in other cities were frequently inclined to support revolutionary leaders in the hope of improving their own lot, as happened to many of Atlantis' colonies outside of its home island. The reputation of Atlantean sailors implies that the training of oarsmen and coxswains occurred in peacetime, giving the navy a cutting edge. In addition to its military functions, the navy was key to the empire's commercial dominance, helping secure trade routes, protect harbours, and even enforce trade monopolies against competitors.
Atlantean fleets also served an exploratory function, most likely for the purpose of finding new trade routes or markets. Expeditions, such as that of Kavie the Navigator, went far and wide, with Kavie sailing along the West African coast to regions south of the Tropic of Cancer, visiting the Congo and possibly further south.
In addition to the use of serial production, Atlantis developed complex infrastructure to support and maintain its sizeable fleet.
Atlanteans of the Classical Age, Late Empire period
The Romans, who had little experience in naval warfare prior to the First Punic War with Carthage, managed to defeat Carthage in part by reverse engineering captured Carthaginian ships, aided by the recruitment of experienced Greek sailors from conquered cities, the unorthodox corvus device, and their superior numbers in marines and rowers, thus stacking their own fleet to contend with that of Atlantis. Polybius describes a tactical innovation of the Atlanteans during the Atlanto-Roman Wars, consisting of augmenting their triremes with small vessels that carried hooks (to attack the oars) and fire (to attack the hulls), as well as the use of Fire Ships, which spout a flame from a nozzle. With this new combination, they were able to stand their ground against the increasingly superior Romans. The inability of the Romans to contend with the Atlantean navy combined with the Atlantean inability to contend with the Roman Legions ultimately ended the conflict to the satisfaction of neither side.
A special class of warriors called the Tiurclan (Moon Sons) cemented their position in Atlantean history and the minds of Atlantis' enemies. They acted as an elite heavily armed infantry and were famous for their tusked masks representing the deity Veiovis.
Drowned Wars
The Itotuk Wars (Drowned Wars) was a peculiar feature of Atlantean warfare, not unlike the Flower Wars of the Aztecs. Raids to capture sacrifices occurred frequently across Atlantean history. The most common forms of sacrifice was at sea or via the Brazen Bull. The sea sacrifices were dedicated to Nevnedh and there was a specially made barge for the ritual.
Victims were maimed and pushed into the sea as 'gifts'. The Brazen Bull victims were dedicated to Satrenh; the bull was said to be hollow and made entirely out of bronze with a door in one side. According to legends the brazen bull was designed in the form and size of an actual bull and had an acoustic apparatus that converted screams into the sound of a bull. The condemned were locked inside the device, and a fire was set under it, heating the metal until the person inside was roasted to death. Those killed in actual warfare were given to Nathat via death in combat.
Society[]
Geography[]
Regions of Atlantis
Geographically Atlantis can be divided into six zones, corresponding to its seven (7) regions. On Great Atlantis there are three, while the remaining four are adjacent islands.
Atlantis is a chain of islands, with the bulk of the population on the main island, which is called Great Atlantis (Nereatrys).
Great Atlantis is a rugged land carved by many valleys and escarpments; characterised for shield volcanos, craters, and calderas, Thesrenc, is the highest point in Atlantis, located on Great Atlantis, with a height of 2,351 meters (7,713 ft). The main islands has a mixture of volcanic cones and plains along with sea-cliffs and some brown sandy beaches.
From a geostructural perspective, Atlantis is located above an active triple junction between three of the world's major tectonic plates, a condition that has translated into the existence of many faults and fractures in this region of the Panthalassic Ocean. It is an extensive form crossed by many transform faults running perpendicular to its north–south orientation, that is seismically active and susceptible to volcanism and quakes. Since the 15th century, there have been 28 registered volcanic eruptions (15 terrestrial and 13 submarine). The last significant volcanic eruption, the Caperuza (meaning Little Cape) volcano, occurred on the coast in 1957.
Elfatular receives winter snows on its mountain range
Atlantis has many examples of volcano-built geomorphology including caves and lava tubes and coastal lava fields.
Atlantis lies in the Palearctic realm and has a unique biotic community that includes subtropical laurissilva, with many endemic species of plants and animals. There are at least 6,112 terrestrial species, of which about 411 are endemic. Even though Great Atlantis is very green and sometimes seemingly wild, the vegetation has been extremely altered. A great part of it has been wiped out in the past 1000+ years for its valuable wood (for tools, buildings, boats, fire wood, and so on) and to clear land for agriculture. Many cultivated places exist (which are traditionally dedicated to pasture or to growing taro, potatoes, maize and other crops).
Climate[]
Atlantis' location in the mid-Ocean gives it a generally tepid, oceanic, mild to warm subtropical climate, with mild annual oscillations, though it varies from north to south quite a bit.
Greater Atlantis is located in a transition and confrontation zone between air masses of tropical origin and masses of cooler air of polar origin. The climate of the archipelago is largely determined by variations in the atmospheric pressure field over the North Ocean. These variations conditioned by the mass of the Anunan Continent and the Panthalassic water mass are overlapped by a semi-permanent subtropical anticyclone, commonly known as the Atlantean High. This anticyclone experiences seasonal variations which can affect the islands in many ways. In winter, the anticyclone is positioned further south, and allows for a descent of the Polar front, approaching it to the archipelago. In summer, on the other hand, the anticyclone's movement further north, leads to the departure of the polar front and its associated disturbances towards higher latitudes. Far enough away from the mainland coasts, the continental air masses that reach the islands are weakened by the maritime influence. The same can not be said for the higher altitudes, where upper air masses of a continental origin and with a more direct pathway can reach the surface and present those areas with drier air and more extreme temperatures. At the same time, this free atmosphere circulating air transports aerosols to the archipelago, namely volcanic ash or fine sands from the Sahara desert, which sporadically affect the air quality.
Thesrenc Mountain is Atlantis' highest point
On Great Atlantis the daily maximum temperatures at low altitudes usually range between 16 and 25 °C (61 and 77 °F).
The average annual rainfall generally increases from east to west, ranging from 700 mm (28 in) to 1,600 mm (63 in) and reaching values above 5,000 mm (200 in) on the highlands of Thesrenc.
Under the Köppen climate classification, the eastern group side of the island usually classified as Mediterranean while the central, southern, and western group is increasingly more humid subtropical and overall rainier because of the effects of the Gulf Stream. This stream has a large effect over the sea temperature which varies between 15 °C (59 °F) in February and March, and 23 °C (73 °F) in August and September, and increases earlier in the western group.
a country road in Muvinxarsterin
Seasonal lag is extreme in the low-sun half of the year, with December being milder than April in terms of mean temperatures. During summer the lag is somewhat lower, with August being the warmest month, though September is usually as warm or warmer than July. Although temperatures as warm as 32.1 °C (89.8 °F) have been recorded on Thesrenc, neither Atlas nor Evaete, the two largest cities, have ever gone above 30 °C (86 °F). There has never been a frost, snowfall, freeze or even temperatures below 5 °C (41 °F) recorded at sea level on any of the islands. The coldest weather in winter usually comes from northwesterly air masses. However, since those air masses are warmed up as they pass across the warmer Atlantic Ocean, temperatures by day even then exceed 10 °C (50 °F).
The average relative humidity can range from 80% at the coast to over 90% above 400 m (1,300 ft). However, higher elevations above the planetary boundary layer can experience extremely low values close to 10%. Summers are especially humid in August and may increase the perceived temperature by a few degrees. Winters are not only very mild but also very humid and contribute substantially to the annual precipitation.
Moving south of the core area of Atlantis, that being Muvinxarsterin, the climate changes further.
Snow occurs on Elfatular's mountains
Elfatular has many different bioclimates in itself. Based on differences in sun exposure, humidity, and annual mean temperature, there are clear variations between north- and south-facing regions, as well as between some islands. The islands are strongly influenced by the Gulf Stream, giving it mild to warm year-round temperatures; the average annual temperature is 19.6 °C (67.3 °F).
Relief is a determinant factor on precipitation levels, and the region can get as much as 2,800 mm (110 in) of precipitation a year, hosting green lush laurel forests, with other areas being a much flatter island, having a semiarid climate (BSh). In most winters snowfall occurs in the mountains of Elfatular. The mainland has areas with an annual average temperature exceeding 20 °C (68 °F) along the coast.
Going southeast of Great Atlantis the climate becomes drier and more arid.
Nermerxia, the most southeasterly part of Atlantis, tends to be drier. According to the position of the region with respect to the north-east trade winds, the climate can be mild and wet or very dry. Several native species form laurisilva forests.
The region is well vegetated even at low levels and has extensive tracts of sub-tropical laurisilva forest. As one travels east toward the African coast, the influence of the current diminishes, and the islands become increasingly arid. The islands which are closest to the African mainland, are effectively desert or semi desert. The north of the main island lies under the influence of the moist Oceanic winds and is well vegetated, while the south of the island around the tourist resorts are arid. In the cool relatively wet climate, forests of the endemic pine Pinus canariensis thrive.
The climate is subtropical (tropical at the coastline) and generally semidesertic, moderated by the sea and in summer by the trade winds. There are a number of microclimates and the classifications range mainly from semi-arid to desert. According to the Köppen climate classification, the majority of Nermerxia has a hot desert climate represented as BWh, caused partly due to the cool Current. There also exists a subtropical humid climate which is very influenced by the ocean in the middle of the main island, where laurisilva cloud forests grow.
Going north of Great Atlantis the climate becomes colder and wetter.
Vitvakhtular has extremely high precipitation considering the latitude, it features a subarctic (Köppen Dfc) and subpolar oceanic climates (Cfc) under the Köppen climate classification. It is often very windy in the islands. The main wind directions are easterly and south-easterly.
Hurricanes[]
With a greater rarity, especially in late summer and autumn, Atlantis can be affected by the passage of tropical cyclones, or tropical storms derived from them, some can result from anomalies of low latitude systems while others result from the return, back to the Atlantic, after a route close to or even over the Anunan continent.
Though often small and in the process of dissipation, these cyclones result in many of the worst storms the island is subject to. A total of 14 tropical or subtropical cyclones have affected the region in recent history. Most of them were either extratropical or tropical storms when they affected the region, although several Category 1 hurricanes have reached Atlantis. Two major hurricanes have impacted the islands: in 2017 (Category 3) and in 2019 (Category 2).
Vitvakhtular[]
Muvinxarsterin[]
Elfatular[]
Politics[]
Atlantis is composed of nine (9) constituent states, known as Rakna (𐌓𐌀𐌊𐌍𐌀)
| Name | Flag | Emblem | Capitol |
|---|---|---|---|
| Qeka |  |
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| Ratise |  |
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| Sikira |  |
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| Teri |  |
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| Gaderia |  |
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Economics[]
Military[]
Demographics[]
Culture[]
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