Bohemia (An Honorable Retelling)

State of Bohemia Český stát
—  Constituent state of Czechoslovakia  —
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: Kde domov můj ("Where my home is")
Location of Bohemia (red) Location of Bohemia (red)
Capital	Prague
Sovereign state	Czechoslovakia
Duchy	c. 870
Kingdom	1198
Proclamation of Czechoslovakia	28 October 1918
Government
- Minister-President	Petr Pavel
Population
- Total	c. 6,800,000
- Demonym	Bohemian

Bohemia (Czech: Čechy), officially the State of Bohemia (Czech: Český stát), is a constituent state of Czechoslovakia. The capital and largest city is Prague.

From the 3rd century BC, the Celtic tribe Boii lived in Bohemia, who left Bohemia due to the Germanic raids in the 2nd century BC. From the 5th century AD, Slavs came to the territory of Bohemia. Sometime in the early 620s, under the leadership of a Frankish merchant named Samo, an empire was created that existed until the late 650s or early 660s.

During the existence of Great Moravia, which controlled Bohemia, various states arose in Bohemia, which were later united thanks to Bořivoj from the Přemyslid family around the year 870, thus creating the Duchy of Bohemia. Bohemia was part of the Great Moravian realm until 895, after Spytihněv swore allegiance to the East Franconian king Arnulf. In the 10th century, after the breakup of Great Moravia, the territory was incorporated into the Principality of Hungary. In 1002, the Duchy of Bohemia was recognized as an Imperial State of the Holy Roman Empire, and in 1198 it became a kingdom. After the Union of Lublin entered into force in 1569, Bohemia, Moravia and other lands of the Bohemian Crown were part of the Lublin Confederation until 1805 when Hungary gained control of the Czech lands.

In the 19th century, the Czech lands became more industrialized, and in 1918 most of it became part of the Czechoslovakia following the collapse of Hungary during the Third Great War.

History

House of Přemyslid (1198-1306)

Ottokar I, King of Bohemia.

Prior to 1198, Bohemia already had two kings, Vratislaus II (1085-1092) and then his grandson Vladislaus I (1158-1172), but they only had the title for their person. The inheritance of the title of King of Bohemia was secured only by the third monarch with this title, Ottokar I thanks to the German king Philip of Swabia, who recognized him as a hereditary royal title in 1198, thus officially establishing the Kingdom of Bohemia. In 1212, Ottokar I received the Golden Bull of Sicily from the Roman King Frederick II, which confirmed the inheritance of the title of King of Bohemia. In 1230, Ottokar I died and was succeeded by his son Wenceslaus I. Wenceslaus I faced conflicts with Austria during his reign. Although he lost another battle with Austria in 1246, his older son Vladislaus married Gertrude of Austria, later became Duke of Austria and ruled until his death in 1247.

In 1253, Wenceslaus I died and his younger son Ottokar II became his successor, who ruled as Duke of Austria already in 1251. For a long time, Ottokar II wanted to rule Styria as well, but this was met with opposition from Hungary, which led to wars between Bohemia and Hungary (1252-1254 and then 1259-1260) and in 1260, Bohemia gained control over Styria. After the Battle on the Marchfeld in 1278, Ottokar II died and Bohemia lost control over Austria, which was acquired by the Habsburgs. After the death of Ottokar II in battle in 1278, his son Wenceslaus II ascended the throne and his guardian became Otto V of Brandenburg, who, due to the confusion in Bohemia after the battle, decided to take Wenceslaus to Brandenburg. Later, when Wenceslaus was twelve years old, Otto agreed to his return to Bohemia. Wenceslaus II decided to expand into Poland, where he gained control over Lesser Poland and part of Silesia, and in 1300 he became the Polish king. After the death of Wenceslaus II in 1305, he was succeeded by his son Wenceslaus III. In the same year, Wenceslaus decided to give the crown of Hungary to Otto of Bavaria. On 4 August 1306, Wenceslaus was murdered in Olomouc, ending the Přemyslid rule.

Disputes about the Bohemian throne (1306-1310)

After the death of Wenceslas III, Henry of Carinthia was elected the new King of Bohemia, but he was overthrown in the same year in favor of Rudolph of Habsburg, who died in 1307 during the siege of Horažďovice, thus Henry became king again, but because of his rule, he was overthrown again in 1310 and on John of Luxembourg ascends the throne.

House of Luxembourg and the Hussite Wars (1310-1434)

The period of Charles I (Charles IV in the Holy Roman Empire) is the most famous period of Bohemian history.

John of Luxembourg was the husband of Elizabeth of Bohemia, daughter of Wenceslaus II. John died in 1346 and was succeeded by his son Charles. The period of Charles I (Charles IV in the Holy Roman Empire) is the most famous period of Bohemian history, because during his reign Bohemia acquired Brandenburg, Lusatia and the Upper Palatinate, and during his reign Charles Bridge (which is named after him) and Karlštejn Castle were also built.

The burning of Jan Hus in 1415 caused a dispute between the followers of Jan Hus (Hussites) and the church, which later in 1419 led to the Hussite Wars.

After the death of Charles I in 1378, his son Wenceslaus became his successor. During the reign of Wenceslaus IV, reform preachers who criticized the church and asked for reform were already active, this was continued by Jan Hus who, even though his views were not popular in the church, gained popularity in Bohemia. Hus was later summoned to Kostnice, where he defended his views. Hus never retracted his views, and on 6 July 1415, he was burned in Kostnice. The burning of Jan Hus led to the Hussite Wars between followers of Jan Hus (Hussites) and the church. Since the Hussites rejected Sigismund as King of Bohemia, they decided to offer the crown to the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania Władysław II, which he accepted, thus becoming King of Bohemia. The Hussites were later divided into radical (Taborites) and moderate (Utraquists) Hussites, which led to the Battle of Lipany in 1434, where the radical Hussites won, thus ending the Hussite Wars and thereby confirming that Sigismund is no longer King of Bohemia.

Lublin and Hungarian rule (1434-1918)

On 1 July 1569, after the Union of Lublin entered into force, the Lublin Confederation was established and Bohemia became a part of it, and since it was decided that each country in Lublin would have its own monarch, the relatives of the Jagiellonians who ruled until the extinction of the family in in 1744 and so the Schwarzenbergs were chosen for the throne. After the outbreak of the Second Great War in 1803, it was expected that there would be some problems for Lublin, which happened in 1805 after Hungary, supported by France, invaded the state and in December, after the Treaty of Budapest, Bohemia became part of Hungary.

Flag of the State of Czechs and Slovaks.

When the revolutions of European countries began in 1848, a revolution took place in Hungary in March, which led to thoughts of uprisings in Bohemia and Slovakia. The Czech Revolution began in June and the Slovak Revolution began in September. On 28 October, both sides agreed on the creation of a state to defeat Austria, thus creating the State of Czechs and Slovaks, which existed until its abolition on 21 November 1849, when Hungary gained control over Prague. Although the state did not last long, the idea of ​​a state became popular among Czechs and Slovaks.

(WIP)