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- The San Martin Mission, 1822.
- The Liberation Peru , 1823-1824.
- The Creation of the Republic of San Martin, 1824-...
Tensions in Colombia
In Colombia the divisions between the New-Granadians and the Venezuelans, outstanding mainly in vice-president Santander and the commander of the ejercitos of Venezuela begin to become evident Jose Antonio Páez. Adding the disagreement of Quito who see in the decision of Santander to include the North Mountain range (Popayán or the Cauca) like part of the department of the New Granada, not knowing historical nexuses with the hearing of Quito, an insult to its integrity. One summons the congress of Santa Marta, in who the union of Colombia must be defined.
- The Congress of Santa Marta, 1826.
- The The Congress of Panama, 1826.
- The Colombian-Mexican Caribbean Adventure, 1828.
- The Peruvian-Colombian War of 1828, 1828.
Keeping the Republic United
After the failure in the Antilles and the war against Peru, a plan of modernization of Colombia settles down which must attack three crucial points: to maintain united to the republic, to assure its existence and to have the capacity to defend its interests. This is reflected in the road construction and a modernization of the Navy and the ground forces.