‹ 1985  1994 ›
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| Brazil Presidential Election, 1989 | ||||
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| November 15, 1989 December 17, 1989 | ||||
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| Nominee | Itamar Franco | Leonel Brizola | ||
| Party | MDB | PDT | ||
| Home state | Minas Gerais | Rio de Janeiro | ||
| Running mate | Fernando Collor | Dacy Ribeiro | ||
| States carried | 22 | 4+D.F | ||
| Popular vote | 37,584,112 | 33,175,489 | ||
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| Presidential election results map. | ||||
The 1989 Brazilian presidential election was held in two rounds, with the first round being held on November 15, 1989 and the second round being held on December 17, 1989. It was the first direct presidential elections since 1960, the first to be held using a two-round system and the first to take place under the 1988 constitution, which followed two decades of authoritarian rule after the 1964 Brazilian coup d'état.
To date, the 1989 election was the one with the most candidates, with approximately 20 candidates in the contest.
In Second Turn, The election was held between Itamar Franco (Do MDB) and the former governor of Rio de Janeiro, Leonle Brizola of the PDT. Thanks to the popularity of his ticket, he ended up winning the elections, obtaining 53.12% (equivalent to 37 million valid votes), while Brizola obtained 46.88% (equivalent to 33 million valid votes), with Itamar Franco being the first democratically elected president since the redemocratization of 1988. Itamar Franco's Mandate began on March 15, 1990.
Backroud[]
Election 1985 and Death of Tancredo Neves[]
On January 15, 1985, Tancredo Neves won the election for president of the Republic of Brazil at the Electoral College, a vote quite indirectly, thus ending the military dictatorship in Brazil. Months later, on April 21, 1985, Tancredo Neves died. The whole country is in mourning until José Sarney assumed the presidency of the country.
Sarney Government[]
José Sarney was seen as suspicious by the population, because he was a former member of ARENA (Repatiated from Social Democratic Party in 1980; PDS). not to mention that there were constitutional doubts about whether it was Sarney or the then president of the Chamber of Deputies, Ulysses Guimarães, who should take office; the support of General Leônidas Pires Gonçalves, appointed by Tancredo as Minister of the Army, was decisive for Sarney's inauguration to materialize.
In 1986, elections were held to form the National Constituent Assembly, where 2 years later, it promulgated a new constitution on October 5, 1988. The Constitution called for direct elections for president in the following year. During the Sarney government, parties hitherto clandestine, such as the PSB, the PCB and the PCdoB, were legalized.
Economic Crisis[]
The Great Inflationary Crisis, caused great discontent in the Sarney government, successive economic programs were made that did not solve the inflation problem, on the contrary, further aggravating the country's inflationary crisis. The first plan was proposed by Finance Minister Dílson Funaro, which consisted of creating a new currency through the Cruzado Plan, freezing wages and prices, encouraging production. Despite the positive results at the beginning, annual inflation rates reached a rate of over 367% between 1986 and 1987. In November 1986, the Cruzado II Plan was announced, which froze prices far above the reality of the market. In May 1987, inflation already exceeded 20% per month. The failure of the plan caused the Minister of Finance to fall. Two new economic plans were implemented in the Sarney government, the Bresser Plan, under the guidance of the new minister Luís Carlos Bresser Pereira, and the Summer Plan, announced in January 1989, under the guidance of the last Minister of Finance of the Sarney government, Maílson da Nobody. Like the other plans, both failed to achieve the intended results.
Candidates[]
The 1989 election is still considered to have had the most candidates contending for the presidency. Among the main ones were: Itamar Franco (MDB), Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT), Leonel Brizola (PDT) and Mário Covas (PSDB).
.jpg "Itamar Franco (17686209642).jpg (403 KB)")
.jpg "Aureliano Chaves (1982).jpg (216 KB)")
Application of Silvio Santos[]
Silvio Santos
In October 1989, with the presidential campaign in progress, Silvio Santos was announced as a candidate for the presidency by the PMB in place of the evangelical pastor Armando Corrêa, who was the official candidate of the party, and for the vice-presidency, the federal deputy was chosen from Marcondes Gadelha. The resignation of candidate Aureliano Chaves, of the PFL, a larger and more powerful party, was also considered, so that Silvio could replace him. Silvio even made some recordings for the electoral propaganda, asking for votes for the number 26, of the PMB, with insistence, because there would be no time to change the name printed on the ballot papers.
A few weeks before the election, Silvio Santos had his candidacy registration challenged by the Superior Electoral Court, due to irregularities in the PMB registration (the party had made party conventions in only 5 states, instead of 9). The presenter and businessman subsequently joined the PFL and rehearsed to participate in other elections, but the fights between political groups and the agreements and negotiations inherent to politics made Silvio continue to take care of his business exclusively. The PMB suffered the most serious punishment: its registration was canceled by the TSE.
Result[]
In the first round, the popular candidate Itamar Franco obtained 30.73% of the valid votes (equivalent to 19,684,162 votes), while Brizola obtained 14,55% (equivalent to 9,320,485). Toucan candidate Mario Covas obtained 14.24% (almost going to the second round with Collor). While the other candidates (in total) obtained more than 30% of the valid votes. As none of the candidates obtained more than 50% of the valid votes, Franco and Brizola went to the second round.