Canada (Differently)

Dominion of Canada
Доминион Канады
Timeline: Differently
OTL equivalent: Canada without Quebec & Labrador
Dominion of Canada Доминион КанадыTimeline: Differently ; OTL equivalent: Canada without Quebec & Labrador
Flag	Coat of arms
	Motto: ; A Mari Usque Ad Mare (Latin); "From Sea to Sea"
	Anthem: ; "O Canada" https://althistory.fandom.com/wiki/File:O-Canada.ogg;
	Location of Canada (green)
Capital	Saskatoon
Largest city	Toronto
Official languages	English • Russian
Other languages	Vinlandic, French, various First Nation languages
Religion	30% Protestantism; 30% Orthodoxy; 20% No religion; 10% Roman Catholic; 10% Other
Government	Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Independence from the United Kingdom
Area
Population
Currency	Canadian dollar
Drives on the	left

Canada (Russian: Канада), officially the Dominion of Canada (Russian: Доминион Канады), is a country in North America. It borders Russia to the west, the United States to the south and Quebec to the east and easternmost territories. It also shares maritime borders with Johannia, located off its south-western coast. With a surface area of over 7.9 million square kilometers, it is the largest country in North America and the third-largest nation in the world, behind only Brazil and Russia. With 29 million inhabitants, it is also the fifth-most populous nation in North America, ranking 50th globally. Its nine provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean. Canada's capital is Saskatoon, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Ottawa, and Vancouver. Canada is one of the Commonwealth realms and a member of the League of Nations.

As a whole, Canada is sparsely populated, with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra. Its population is highly urbanized, with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres (62 mi) of the southern border. Canada's climate varies widely across its vast area, ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions, with four distinct seasons. Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy in the Westminster tradition, with a monarch and a prime minister who serves as the chair of the Cabinet and head of government. The country is a realm within the Commonwealth of Nations. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, and education. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries. Canada's long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture.

Prior to the conclusion of the Anglo-American War that made the former province of Quebec an independent republic in 1926, Canada was the second-largest country in the world after Russia and a bilingual nation with English and French as official languages.

History[]

Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization. Beginning in the 16th century, British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast.

As a consequence of various armed conflicts, France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763. Around the same time in what would become western Canada, Russian settlers began crossing the Bering Strait and settling what would become the Russian Colony of Alaska. The formation of British Columbia in 1871 would see a lot of these Russian settlers absorbed into Canada, resulting in a large Russian Canadian population in Western Canada.

In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom. This widening autonomy was highlighted by the Statute of Westminster of 1931 and culminated in the Canada Act of 1982, which severed the vestiges of legal dependence on the British parliament.

After the end of the Anglo-American War in 1926, the Canadian province of Quebec became an independent republic and Canada would lose Southern Ontario and British Columbia to the United States, causing the parliament to relocate to Saskatoon which still serves as the country's capital. These two provinces would be returned to Canada in October 1, 1957. At that point, Canada had became independent, so the name of British Columbia was changed to MacDonald, after the first Prime Minister.

The end of the Anglo-American war would also bring down the government of William Lyon Mackenzie King and the Liberal Party as a whole. In order to avoid total collapse of the Liberal Party, the Liberals would merge with the Progressive Party of Canada and Labour Party of Canada to form the Liberal-Progressive Party.

Politics[]

Prince Amadeo of Belgium — Richard V, King of Canada

The politics of Canada take place within a framework of a federal, parliamentary, representative democratic monarchy, in which the head of State is the monarch who appoints the Governor General as vice-regal representative while the Prime Minister acts as the head of government and is indirectly elected by the Canadian people. The current monarch, Richard V, reigns under the official title of King of Canada, having served in that position since he ascended the throne in 2014.

Delta Bessborough Saskatoon — Bessborough Hall in Saskatoon has acted as Canada's parliament building since 1930.

Executive power is exercised by the government while legislative power is vested in both the government and the two Chambers of Parliament. The bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Seth Rogen currently holds the title for youngest senator in Canadian history. It is infamously known from interviews that he originally wanted to persue an acting career at a young age in the 90's, this never happened, as he became influenced in politics from all a cross North America in his early teen years, taking part in political science acts in high school and eventually went on to attend university in East Alaska by 2001 to pursue a career in politics. Rogen was announced to be featured as Person of the Year for Time Magazine in 2022, as information had been leaked accidentally earlier in the year by multiple media sources. He was replaced by Hassan Rouhani that November.

Screenshot 20221010-190739 2 — Seth Rogen, a Canadian senator (2014)

Political parties[]

The Canadian parliament is dominated by two major parties: the center to center-left Progressive-Liberal Party and the center-right National Conservative Party. Other parties represented in Canada are the East Alaskan-based Alaskan Bloc, the right-wing Christian Heritage Party, the South Ontario-based American Party, the far-left Communist Party of Canada, and the Vinland-based Vinland Party.

Bilingualism[]

Bilingualism has played a huge role in Canadian politics since the nation's creation. Throughout the 19th century, Anglo-Canada remained the dominant force in Canadian politics and there were no concessions made to the French-Canadian population until the late 20th century when English and French bilingualism would be established when French-Canadian Wilfried Laurier of Quebec became Prime Minister. This system would stay in place until Quebec would gain independence in 1926 when monolingualism under English would return.

Bilingualism would return to Canada in 1999 when the Russian-Speaking Province of East Alaska began talks of independence due to parliamentary procedures preventing East Alaskans from speaking Russian on the floor of Parliament and higher rates of poverty within East Alaskan communities. The Bilingualism Act of 1999 brought an English-Russian bilingualism to Canada. This bilingualism would lead to the narrow defeat of the East Alaskan Independence Referendum in 2000.

Provinces[]

Canada is made up of 8 provinces and 2 federal territories. Much like the United and Confederate states, the provinces of Canada enjoy a certain degree of limited autonomy and are able to elect their own premiers and their own parliaments which then set provincial law, though federal law remains the dominant law across Canada.

Canada has lost provinces in the past, such as when Quebec became independence in 1926 at the conclusion of the Anglo-American War and many provinces, such as Nova Scotia, were given to the United States. Canada came close to losing another province in 2000 when the predominantly Russian-speaking province of East Alaska held an independence referendum and narrowly voted to stay in Canada.

List of provinces

Name	Admission	Capital	Largest city	Population
Ontario	July 1, 1867	Thunder Bay	Sudbury	780,140
Manitoba	July 15, 1870	Winnipeg		1,379,584
East Alaska	April 1, 1875	St. Basil	Birobiylovsk	3,429,192
Saskatchewan	September 1, 1905	Regina	Saskatoon	1,177,884
Alberta	September 1, 1905	Edmonton	Calgary	4,428,112
Vinland	March 13, 1908	Geiradalr	Krossavik	477,787
South Ontario	October 1, 1957	Ottawa	Toronto	13,493,102
MacDonald	October 1, 1957	Vancouver		4,391,202

List of territories

Name	Formation	Capital	Largest city	Population
Baranov	May 8, 1896	Buzuriysk		12,393
Nunavut	April 1, 1999	Iqaluit		35,938

Religion[]

St James Church Toronto — St. James Church, an Anglican cathedral in Old Toronto

About 70% of Canadians adhere to some form of Christianity, with the eastern provinces being mostly Protestant due to English influence and the western provinces mostly following Eastern Orthodoxy due to Russian influence. A minority of Canadians (about 10% of the country's total population) are Catholics, a number that was larger before the independence of Quebec.

Of the remaining 30% Canadians, two thirds are irreligious (atheist or agnostic) and one third follows other religions such as Buddhism, Hinduism, Zoroastrianism, and Islam.