Republic of Canada Canada Timeline: Domus Iagiellonica
OTL equivalent: Canada | ||||||
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Motto: A mari usque ad mare (Latin) "From Sea to Sea" |
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Anthem: O, Canada |
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Capital | Ottawa | |||||
Largest city | Toronto | |||||
Official languages | English, French | |||||
Demonym | Canadian | |||||
Government | Federal parliamentary republic | |||||
- | President | Justin Trudeau | ||||
- | Prime Minister | Chrystia Freeland | ||||
Legislature | Parliament | |||||
- | Upper house | Senate | ||||
- | Lower house | House of Representatives | ||||
Currency | Canadian Dollar | |||||
Time zone | UTC -3.5 to -8 | |||||
Internet TLD | .ca |
Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's second-largest country by total area, with the world's longest coastline. It is characterized by a wide range of both meteorologic and geological regions. The country is sparsely inhabited, with the vast majority residing south of the 55th parallel in urban areas. Canada's capital is Ottawa and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.

Flag of Canada
Indigenous peoples have continuously inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years. Beginning in the 16th century, British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast. As a consequence of various armed conflicts, France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom, highlighted by the Statute of Westminster, 1931, and culminating in the Canada Act 1982, which severed the vestiges of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The country is independent as the Republic of Canada since January 1, 2023.
Canada is a parliamentary liberal democracy and a federal republic. The country's head of state is the president.The country is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations and is officially bilingual (English and French) in the federal jurisdiction. It is very highly ranked in international measurements of government transparency, quality of life, economic competitiveness, innovation, and education. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration. Canada's long and complex relationship with the Kingdom of America has had a significant impact on its history, economy, and culture.
A highly developed country, Canada has one of the highest nominal per capita income globally and its advanced economy ranks among the largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources and well-developed international trade networks.
Canada is part of several major international and intergovernmental institutions or groupings including the United Nations, NATO, G7, Group of Ten, G20, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), World Trade Organization (WTO), Commonwealth of Nations, Arctic Council, Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum, and Organization of American States.