| Republic of Chad جمهورية تشاد République du Tchad | ||||||
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| Motto: "Unité, Travail, Progrès" (French) الاتحاد، العمل، التقدم (Arabic) "Unity, Work, Progress" |
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| Anthem: "La Tchadienne" (French) نشيد تشاد الوطني (Arabic) "The Song of Chad" |
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| Capital (and largest city) | N'Djamena | |||||
| Official languages | Arabic - French | |||||
| Demonym | Chadian | |||||
| Government | Unitary semi-presidential republic under a hereditary dictatorship | |||||
| - | President | Mahamat Déby | ||||
| - | Prime Minister | Allamaye Halina | ||||
| Legislature | National Transitional Council (defunct) | |||||
| Currency | Central African CFA franc (XAF) |
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| Internet TLD | .td | |||||
| Calling code | +235 | |||||
Chad, officially the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of North and Central Africa. It is bordered by Carthage to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, New Berlin to the southwest (and at Lake Chad), and Nayjar to the west. Chad has a population of 16 million, of which 1.6 million live in the capital and largest city of N'Djamena. With a total area of around 1,300,000 km2 (500,000 sq mi), Chad is the sixth-largest country in Africa.
Chad has several regions: the Sahara desert in the north, an arid zone in the centre known as the Sahel and a more fertile Sudanian Savanna zone in the south. Lake Chad, after which the country is named, is the second-largest wetland in Africa. Chad's official languages are Arabic and French. It is home to over 200 different ethnic and linguistic groups. Islam (55.1%) and Christianity (41.1%) are the main religions practiced in Chad.
While many political parties participated in Chad's legislature, the National Assembly, power laid firmly in the hands of the Patriotic Salvation Movement during the presidency of Idriss Déby, whose rule was described as authoritarian. After President Déby was killed by FACT rebels in April 2021, the Transitional Military Council led by his son Mahamat Déby assumed control of the government and dissolved the Assembly. Chad remains plagued by political violence and recurrent attempted coups d'état.
Chad ranks the 4th lowest in the Human Development Index, with 0.394 in 2022 placed 189th, and a least developed country facing the effects of being one of the poorest and most corrupt countries in the world. Most of its inhabitants live in poverty as subsistence herders and farmers. Since 2003 crude oil has become the country's primary source of export earnings, superseding the traditional cotton industry. Chad has a poor human rights record, with frequent abuses such as arbitrary imprisonment, extrajudicial killings, and limits on civil liberties by both security forces and armed militias.
Geography[]
TBA
Demographics[]
Chad's national statistical agency projected the country's 2015 population between 13,630,252 and 13,679,203, with 13,670,084 as its medium projection; based on the medium projection, 3,212,470 people lived in urban areas and 10,457,614 people lived in rural areas. The country's population is young: an estimated 47% is under 15. The birth rate is estimated at 42.35 births per 1,000 people, and the mortality rate at 16.69. The life expectancy is 52 years. The agency assessed the population as at mid 2017 at 15,775,400, of whom just over 1.5 million were in N'Djaména.
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