Chile (Russian America)

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Flag	Coat of Arms
Location of Chile

Motto
Por la razón o la fuerza (Spanish)
("By reason or by force")

Anthem "National Anthem of Chile"

Capital Valdivia

Largest city Santiago

Language
official Spanish

others English, German, Italian

Religion
main Catholics

others Jews, Mormons, Protestants

Ethnic Groups
main Germans and Spaniards

others English, French, Italians, Welsh

Demonym Chilean

Government Unitary presidential republic

Legislature National Congress

President Carolina Goic (PDC)

Independence from Spain

declared 12 February 1818

recognized 25 April 1844

Currency Peso ($) (CLP)

Time Zone CLT (UTC−04:00)

summer CLST (UTC−03:00)

Date Format dd/mm/yyyy

Driving Side Right

Electricity 220 V, 50 Hz

Plug Types C, F, L

Calling Code +56

Internet TLD .cl

Organizations OAS
United Nations

The Republic of Chile (Spanish: República de Chile), colloquially known as Chile, is a sovereign state located in the Southern Cone of South America. The nation is bordered by Peru and Bolivia in the north and Argentina and the Río de la Plata in the east. Valdivia is the capital while Santiago is the largest city.

History[]

During the War of the Confederation of the late 1830s, the Peru-Bolivian Confederation (with British and French assistance) were able to defeat Chile and secure their territorial claims to the Atacama Desert. With the mineral-rich area now outside their control, the Chilean government and populace accelerated their exploration of the Strait of Magellan and moved further inland into Patagonia.

Between the 1850s and the 1870s, two wars were fought with Argentina, first resulting in the incorporation of the Cuyo Region and later securing the rivers Colorado and Desaguadero as the boundary between the two nations (securing all of Patagonia under Chilean control). The new resource-rich territories would also result in an influx of European immigration to the area. The final territorial expansion occurred in the 1940s when the United Kingdom agreed to hand over the control of the Falkland-Malvina Islands to Chile, in exchange that their English-speaking population be granted autonomy within the republic.

In the 1960s, the national capital was relocated from Santiago to Valdivia. The move was done to help bolster the important city following the Great Chilean Earthquake and to move the government closer to Patagonia (which had been seeing an increase in population and economic prowess). During the 2000s, the nation was led by Néstor Kirchner and pro-Patagonian political parties.

Administrative Divisions[]

Map of Chile (Russian America) — Regions of Chile.

The Republic of Chile is a unitary state comprised of 25 regions (Spanish: regiones). Two of these regions (Santiago and Valdivia) are classified as metropolitan regions, while one (the Falkland-Malvinas Islands) is a classified as an autonomous region.