A corporation is an institution that is granted a charter recognizing it as a separate legal entity having its own privileges, and liabilities distinct from those of its members. There are many different forms of corporations, most of which are used to conduct business.
Corporations exist as a product of corporate law, and their rules balance the interests of the management who operate the corporation, creditors, shareholders, and employees who contribute their labor. In post-Doomsday times, corporations have experienced a steep decline in importance, but in some countries they have made a comeback.
An important (but not universal) feature of a corporation is limited liability. If a corporation fails, shareholders normally only stand to lose their investment, and employees will lose their jobs, but neither will be further liable for debts that remain owing to the corporation's creditors.
Despite not being natural persons, corporations are recognized by the law to have rights and responsibilities like natural persons ("people"). Corporations can exercise human rights against real individuals and the state, and they are often responsible for human rights violations. Just as they are "born" into existence through its members obtaining a certificate of incorporation, they can "die" when they are "dissolved" either by statutory operation, order of court, or voluntary action on the part of shareholders. Insolvency may result in a form of corporate 'death', when creditors force the liquidation and dissolution of the corporation under court order, but it most often results in a restructuring of corporate holdings. Corporations can even be convicted of criminal offences, such as fraud and manslaughter.
Although corporate law varies in different jurisdictions, there are four core characteristics of the business corporation:
Legal personality, Limited liability, Transferable shares and Centralized management under a board structure.
Agriculture, Food, and Alcohol
Cuba
- Kola Grande (Soft drinks)
Essex
Partium
- Akác Méhkas (Agriculture)
Polesia
- Maliff (Alcohol)
Volhynia
- Volhen (Food)
Macedonia
- Macedonian Farming Corporation
- Macedonian Beer and Whiskey Company
- Macedonian Wine Corporation
Philippines
- San Miguel Brewery Corporation
Restaurants
Kentucky
- Kentucky Fried Chicken
Texas
- Cancun Gril
- Taco Box
- La Mission
- Rosa'
- Capitol Bar and Grill
- Dos Amigos
- Murray's Deli
- Midland Barbecue
- Shogun
- El Bodego
- Sam and Sid's
- O'Dell's
- Lone Star Barbecue
Automotives
ANZC
- Holden
- Ford
Celtic Alliance
- Celtic Motors
- Land Rover
Colombia
- Renault
North American Union
- Alliance Motors
New Britain
- Rolls Royce
Prussia
- Mercedes Benz
- BMW
Rif
- Peugeot
West Texas
- Lone Star Motors
Superior
- Maknew Motors
United American Republic
- Fiat
Brazil
- Gurgel
- Volkswagen
Commonwealth of Kentucky
- BlueGrass Motors
Florida
- Largo Motors
Toledo
- Jeep
Macedonia
- Macedonian Automobile Company (MAC)
- Greater Macedonian Automobiles (GMA)
- Bitola Automobile Works (BAW)
Nigeria
- Peugeot
- Isuzu
Nordic Union
- Saab
- Scania
Japan
- Mitsubishi Motors
- Toyota
Aviation
Victoria
Prussia
Alpine Confederation
- Pilatus Aviation
Military
Blue Ridge
Macedonia
Toledo
- Ares Inc
Brazil
- Taurus.
Entertainment & Media
Victoria
Virginia
ANZC
Woodbridge
- Black Shuck Comics
Celtic Alliance
- Reuters Limited
Philippines
- ABS-CBN
Finance and Banking
ANZC
- Australia and New Zealand Banking Group (ANZ)
- ASB Bank
Alpine Confederation
- Credit Suisse
- LGT Group
- Allgemeine Sparkasse Oberosterreich
- UBS AG
Monaco
- Credit Foncier de Monaco
- BNP Paribas
Singapore
- DBS Bank Limited
- United Overseas Bank Limited
Textiles
ANZC
Vermont
- Manchester Textile
Oregon
- Pendleton Wollen Mills
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