| Czech Republic Česká republika Timeline: The Eagle's Dawn | ||||||
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| Motto: Pravda vítězí "Truth prevails" |
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| Royal anthem: Kde domov můj "Where My Home Is" |
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| Capital (and largest city) | Prague | |||||
| Official languages | Czech | |||||
| Regional languages | German | |||||
| Demonym | Czech | |||||
| Government | Unitary parliamentary republic | |||||
| - | President | Martin Kuba | ||||
| - | Prime Minister | Alexandr Vondra | ||||
| Legislature | Parliament | |||||
| - | Upper house | Senate | ||||
| - | Lower house | Chamber of Deputies | ||||
| History | ||||||
| - | Duchy of Bohemia | c. 870 | ||||
| - | Kingdom of Bohemia | 1198 | ||||
| - | Kingdom of Bohemia and Moravia | 1 December 1918 | ||||
| - | Republic | 11 April 1977 | ||||
| Drives on the | right | |||||
Czechia (Czech: Česko), officially the Czech Republic (Czech: Česká republika), is a landblocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The capital and largest city is Prague.
The Slavs arrived in the territory of today's Czechia in the fifth and sixth centuries. In the seventh century, they played a significant role in the creation of Samo's Empire. Sometime in 870, the Duchy of Bohemia was founded, which was part of the Great Moravian realm until 895, after Spytihněv swore allegiance to the East Franconian king Arnulf. In 1002, the Duchy of Bohemia was recognized as an Imperial State of the Holy Roman Empire, and in 1198 it became a kingdom. After the Battle of Mohács in 1526, the Lands of the Bohemian Crown were incorporated into the Habsburg monarchy. Almost a hundred years later, in 1618, the Bohemian Revolt broke out, which led to the outbreak of the Thirty Years' War. After the Battle of White Mountain, the Habsburgs consolidated their rule, and after the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the Lands of the Bohemian Crown became part of the Austrian Empire.
In the 19th century, the Czech lands became more industrialized. After the collapse of Austria-Hungary in 1918, the German puppet state of the Kingdom of Bohemia and Moravia was created. In 1965, there was a German-backed coup in Bohemia and Moravia that led to the establishment of a military dictatorship that was in power until 1977, when the military government resigned due to protests. In the same year, the monarchy was abolished, which led to the creation of the current Czech Republic.
Czechia is a unitary parliamentary republic and a developed country. Czechia is a member of the League of Nations, the Central European Economic Union, and the Alliance of Europe.
History[]
Early years (1977-1987)[]
Vilém Bernard, the first president of Czechia.
On 3 April 1977, an institutional referendum was held in Bohemia and Moravia on whether the monarchy should be abolished in favor of the republic or whether the monarchy should be preserved. On the same day, parliamentary elections were held in which Jiří Hájek, who had become Prime Minister of Bohemia and Moravia since the resignation of Karel Rusov on 28 February, won for the Social Democratic Party. The results were published on 11 April, in which the citizens were in favor of the establishment of a republic, thus the Czech Republic was proclaimed on the same day. A day later, the last king of Bohemia and Moravia, Ferdinand, and his family left Bohemia and went into exile in Austria. After King Ferdinand abdicated, Vilém Bernard, the former prime minister of Bohemia and Moravia from 1961 until his overthrow in 1965, became the provisional head of state of Czechia. Later, work began on a new constitution. The new Czech Constitution was approved by the Chamber of Deputies on 13 August, ratified on 26 August and became effective on 1 September.
The first round of the first presidential elections took place on 16 and 17 September, and the second round of presidential elections took place on 30 September and 1 October, in which Bernard won, becoming the first president of Czechia. Meanwhile, on 4 and 5 November, the first parliamentary elections were held in which the Social Democratic Party won, leaving Hájek as Prime Minister. Later, the Czech government put the Czech general and former prime minister of Bohemia and Moravia, Karel Rusov, on trial for human rights violations during his rule, and Rusov was eventually sentenced to 15 years in prison. In the meantime, the Czech President Bernard went to Germany where he met with the new German Chancellor Kreisky and also with the German Emperor Wilhelm IV where he discussed possible new cooperation between Czechia and Germany. Bernard was in favor of the Czech Republic remaining a member of the Central European Economic Union because he feared that if the Czech Republic left the Union, an economic crisis would occur. After the Cold War ended in 1977, the powers began to consider the creation of an international organization, which eventually led to the creation of the League of Nations in 1978, of which Czechia became a member.
(WIP)
Government and politics[]
Czechia is a unitary parliamentary republic. The head of state is the president (currently Martin Kuba). The executive power is represented by the government headed by the Prime Minister (currently Alexandr Vondra).
The Parliament is bicameral, with the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies.