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| Czechoslovak Federation In other languages Československá federace (Czech) | ||||||
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| Motto: Veritas vincit (English: "Truth prevails") |
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| Anthem: Kde domov můj • Nad Tatrou sa blýska "Where my home is" • "Lightning over the Tatras" |
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 Location of Czechoslovakia (green)
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| Capital (and largest city) | Prague | |||||
| Official languages | Czech • Slovak • German • Hungarian • Ukrainian • Rusyn | |||||
| Regional languages | Polish • Silesian | |||||
| Demonym | Czechoslovak | |||||
| Government | Federal semi-presidential constitutional republic | |||||
| - | President | Karel Štogl | ||||
| - | Vice President | Martin Šmída | ||||
| - | Prime Minister | Simona Petrík | ||||
| Legislature | Federal Assembly | |||||
| - | Upper house | Chamber of Nations | ||||
| - | Lower house | Chamber of People | ||||
| Independence from Hungary | ||||||
| - | Proclamation | 28 October 1918 | ||||
| - | Constitution adopted | 28 February 1921 | ||||
| Population | ||||||
| - | 2022 estimate | 20,346,129 | ||||
| Currency | Czechoslovak koruna (CSK) |
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| Drives on the | right | |||||
Czechoslovakia, officially the Czechoslovak Federation, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Cisleithania, and Hungary to the south, Germany to the northwest, and the United Commonwealths to the northeast. Czechoslovakia has a hilly and mountainous territory that covers an area of 140,000 square kilometers (54,400), with a population of over 20.3 million. The capital and largest city is Prague.
The Slavs arrived in the territory of today's Czechoslovakia in the fifth and sixth centuries. In the seventh century, they played a significant role in the creation of Samo's Empire. In the ninth century, the Principality of Nitra was founded, which was later conquered by the Principality of Moravia, which later became Great Moravia. Sometime in 870, the Duchy of Bohemia was founded, which was part of the Great Moravian realm until 895, after Spytihněv swore allegiance to the East Franconian king Arnulf. In the 10th century, after the breakup of Great Moravia, the territory was incorporated into the Principality of Hungary, which then became the Kingdom in 1000. In 1002, the Duchy of Bohemia was recognized as an Imperial State of the Holy Roman Empire, and in 1198 it became a kingdom. After the Union of Lublin came into effect in 1569, Bohemia was part of the Lublin Confederation until 1805 when Hungary gained control of Bohemia.
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Czechoslovakia is a federal semi-presidential constitutional republic and a developed country. Czechoslovakia is a multinational state. Czechoslovakia is a member of the League to Enforce Peace, the Global Treaty Organization, the European Community and the Visegrád Group.
History[]
Creation of Czechoslovakia[]
The idea of creating a state between Czechs and Slovaks became popular in the 19th century. Although the situation in the Czech lands and Slovakia was different, both of these nations were against the Hungarian government due to Magyarization.
Czech lands under Hungarian rule[]
During the Second Great War, Bohemia and other Czech lands became part of Hungary in 1805 under the Treaty of Budapest. When the revolutions of European countries began in 1848, a revolution took place in Hungary in March, which led to thoughts of uprisings in Bohemia and Slovakia. The Czech Revolution began in June and the Slovak Revolution began in September. On 28 October, both sides agreed on the creation of a state to defeat Austria, thus creating the State of Czechs and Slovaks, which existed until its abolition on 21 November 1849, when Hungary gained control over Prague. Although the state did not last long, the idea of a state became popular among Czechs and Slovaks.
Slovakia under Hungarian rule[]
After the collapse of the Great Moravian Empire in 907, the territory of today's Slovakia became part of Hungary. Later, parts of western Slovakia were part of Poland from 1001 until 1030 and then the territory was part of Bohemia from 1030 until 1044 when Hungary successfully regained the territory of western Slovakia. After the Mongol invasion of Europe in 1242, the population of Slovakia decreased. In 1301, the Árpád family died out, which led to a rivalry between many contenders for the Hungarian throne. This rivalry also led to the fact that Matúš Čák Trenčiansky decided to rule Upper Hungary (today's Slovakia), while the Aba family ruled the northeast of Slovakia. After the Battle of Rozgony in 1312, these governments were defeated and Hungary, led by Charles I, was able to regain control of Slovakia.
Ľudovít Štúr, one of the most important representatives of the Slovak National Revival.
Magyarization took place during the Hungarian rule over Slovakia and other non-Hungarian speaking territories. Already in the 19th century, Slovak nationalism began to grow stronger. During the revolutions of 1848, revolutions also broke out in Slovakia, but they were suppressed in November 1849. Even after the Austro-Hungarian settlement, the Slovaks were not doing well, as Magyarization continued. On 27 October 1907, due to protests in the Slovak town of Černová, after local native and priest Andrej Hlinka, who was originally supposed to consecrate the local church, was replaced by Hungarian Martin Pazurik, local citizens were shot and 15 citizens died.
Third Great War[]
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Early years of Czechoslovakia (1918-1938)[]
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Fourth Great War and Cold War (1938-1994)[]
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Modern era (1994-present)[]
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Government and politics[]
Constituent states[]
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Foreign relations[]
Main article: Foreign relations of Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia has strong relationship with Hungary and the United Commonwealths as part of the Visegrád Group. Czechoslovakia also has strong relationship with Dacia, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro and the United States. After the end of the Cold War, relations with England and Germany started to improve. Czechoslovakia, on the other hand, has a long-term bad relationship with Persia because Czechoslovakia and Persia were enemies during the Cold War and even when the Cold War ended, the Czechoslovak government criticized the Persian government many times for being undemocratic. Relations with Persia further deteriorated after the Persian invasion of Georgia in 2002.
Military[]
Main articles: Czechoslovak Army, List of equipment of the Czechoslovak Armed Forces
The Czechoslovak Army was created after the declaration of independence of Czechoslovakia in 1918. Czechoslovakia has been a member of the Global Treaty Organization since 1950. The armed forces are managed by the Ministry of Defence. The president of Czechoslovakia is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. In 2004 the army transformed itself into a mostly professional organization and mass compulsory military service was abolished. Defence spending is approximately 2.43% of Czechoslovakia's GDP (2021). The armed forces are charged with protecting Czechoslovakia and its allies, promoting global security interests, and contributing to the GTO.
Czechoslovakia's military is organised into the Land Forces and Air Force. The Land Forces, the larger of the two branches, consists of 125,000 personnel and three divisions containing a number of combat brigades, plus supporting units. The Air Force has 52,000 personnel with a number of bases across Czechoslovakia.
Demographics[]
According to the Czechoslovak Statistical Office, 20,346,129 people lived in Czechoslovakia in 2022.
Ethnic groups[]
Ethnic map of Czechoslovakia.
Main article: Ethnic groups in Czechoslovakia
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