Alternative History
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List of sovereign and non-sovereign nations with more information such as national symbols, government and leadership, capital, and year of formation.

For a more simple list with maps, see List of nations.

Sovereign states[]

Europe[]

Full name

Native name(s)

Emblems Capital Leadership Government Formation
Flag Arms/
Seal
Head of state Head of government
Sovereign Kingdom of Andorra

Regne Sobirà d’Andorra

Andorra vlag 1939 2 Coat of Arms of Andorra - Flag Version (1931-1949) Andorra la Vella King
Jean
Head Bishop
Joan Enric Vives i Sicília
Unitary parliamentary semi-constitutional monarchy 2011
Austro-Hungarian-Slavonic Empire (Danubia)
Reyke af Ostria-Ungarne-Slavonia
Danubia flag Differently Austria-Hungaria transparency Vienna Kaiser/Apostolic King
Rudolf II
Prime Minister
Šefik Džaferovic
Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy 1867
Kingdom of Belgium
Royaume de Belgique
Koninkrijk België
Flag of Belgium Greater Coat of Arms of Belgium Brussels King
Frederick III
Prime Minister
Sophie Wilmes
Federal constitutional popular monarchy 1830
Kingdom of Bosnia and Zachlumia
Kraljevina Bosna i Zahumlje
Bosnia slsss Coat of arms of Austrian Bosnia Sarajevo King
Stephen X
Prime Minister
Denis Bećirović
Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy 1887
Kingdom of Bulgaria

Царство България

Flag of Bulgaria Coat of Arms of Bulgaria (1881-1927) Sofia Tsar

Simeon II

Prime Minister
Hristo Ivanov
Unitary parliamentary semi-constitutional monarchy 1976
Kingdom of Denmark

Kongeriget Danmark

Flag of Denmark National Coat of arms of Denmark Copenhagen King

Frederick VIII

Prime Minister

Mette Frederiksen

Unitary constitutional parliamentary monarchy 1935
Principality of Elba

Principato d'Elba
Principauté d'Elbe

Bandiera Elba

Grand Coat of Arms of Napoelon Bonaparte as King of Elbe Porto Azzuro Prince

Napoleon VII

Unitary Bonapartist absolute monarchy 1814
Kingdom of Estland

Eesti Kuningriik

Estonia-nordic-cross-flag-2 Coat of Arms of Estonia with crown Tallinn King

Friedrich II

Prime Minister
Jüri Ratas
Unitary constitutional parliamentary monarchy 1975
Republic of Finland

Suomen tasavalta

Flag of Finland Coat of arms of Finland Helsinki President
Sauli Niinistö
Prime Minister
Sanna Marin
Unitary parliamentary constitutional republic 1975
Fourth French Republic

République Française

Flag of France Coat of arms of the French Third Republic Paris President
Luc Lloris
Prime Minister

Jean Castex

Federal semi-presidential constitutional republic 1918
German Empire

Deutsches Reich

Flag of the German Empire German Coat of Arms Berlin Kaiser
Wilhelm VI
Chancellor
Alice Weidel
Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy 1871
Republic of Iceland

Lýðveldið Ísland

Flag of Iceland Coat of arms of Iceland Reykjavik President

Óttarr Proppé

Prime Minister

Sigurður Ingi Jóhannesson

Unitary parliamentary constitutional republic 1918
Republic of Ireland

Éire

Flag of Ireland Coat of arms of Ireland Dublin President

Arlene Foster

Unitary presidential constitutional republic 2014
Kingdom of Italy

Regno d'Italia

Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Italy (1890) Naples King
Aimone
Prime Minister
Guido Crosetto
Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy 1861
Latvian Republic

Latvijas Republika

Flag of Latvia Coat of arms of Latvia Riga President
Māris Graudiņš
Prime Minister
Aivars Lembergs
Unitary parliamentary constitutional republic 1975
Principality of Liechtenstein

Fürstentum Liechtenstein

Flag of Liechtenstein Staatswappen-Liechtensteins Vaduz Prince
Hans Adam II
Unitary absolute principality 1719
State of Lithuania

Lietuvos Valstybė

Flag of Lithuania Coat of arms of Lithuania Vilnius President
Gitanas Nausėda
Prime Minister

Saulius Skvernelis

Unitary parliamentary constitutional republic 1975
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg

Flag of Luxembourg Coat of Arms of Luxembourg Luxembourg Grand Duke
Henri
Prime Minister

Xavier Bettel

Unitary constitutional parliamentary monarchy 1815
Principality of Monaco

Principauté de Monaco

Flag of Monaco Coat of Arms of Monaco Monaco Prince
Albert II
Minister of State

Pierre Dartout

Unitary constitutional principality 1297
Kingdom of Montenegro

Краљевина Црна Гора

Flag of the Kingdom of Montenegro Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Montenegro Cetinje King
Milo II
Prime Minister
Duško Marković
Unitary constitutional parliamentary monarchy 1910
Kingdom of the Netherlands

Koninkrijk der Nederlanden

Netherlands Flag State Coat of Arms of the Netherlands Amsterdam King
Bernard II
Prime Minister
Marke Rutte
Unitary constitutional parliamentary monarchy 1814
Kingdom of Norway

Kongeriket Norge

Norway Flag Coat of arms of Norway Oslo King
Friedrich II
Prime Minister

Erna Solberg

Unitary constitutional parliamentary monarchy 1814
State of Poland

Państwo Polska
Панство Польска

Flag of Poland (1927–1980) Poland-coa-new Warsaw President

Andrzej Duda

Prime Minister
Mateusz Morawiecki
Federal parliamentary constitutional republic 1976
Kingdom of Portugal

Reino de Portugal

Flag Portugal (1830) Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Portugal 1640-1910 (3) Lisbon King

Manuel IV

Prime Minister
António Costa
Unitary constitutional parliamentary monarchy 1128
Kingdom of Rhomania

Βασίλειο της Ρουμανίας

Flag of Byzantium (with B) Surviving byzantine empire coat of arms by regicollis d9f2h7y-fullview Constantinople King
Constantine XVI
Prime Minister
Athena Palaeologa
Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy 1805
The Holy City of Rome

Città Santa di Roma

Flag of Vatican City (2023–present) Coat of arms of the Vatican City Rome Pope
Zosimus II
Unitary papist

absolute monarchy

1929
Russian Federation

(Russia) Российская Федерация

Flag of Russia Coat of Arms of the Russian Federation 2 Moscow President
Viktoria Abramchenko
Prime Minister

Sergey Baburin

Federal semi-presidential constitutional republic 1982
Most Serene Republic of San Marino

Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino

Flag of San Marino Coat of arms of San Marino San Marino Captains Regent
Gian Carlo Venturini

Marco Nicolini

Unitary parliamentary diarchic republic 330
Republic of Scotland

Poblachd na h-Alba

Flag of Scotland (traditional) Royal Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Scotland Edinburgh President

Jack McConnell

Prime Minister

Nicola Sturgeon

Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic 2014
Kingdom of Serbia

Краљевина Србија

State Flag of Serbia (1882-1918) Royal Coat of arms of Serbia (1882–1918) Belgrade King
Alexander II
Prime Minister
Ana Brnabić
Unitary constitutional parliamentary monarchy 1982
Kingdom of Spain

Reino de España

Flag of Spain (Differently) Coat of Arms of Spain Madrid Queen
Isabella IV
Prime Minister
Macarena Olona
Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy 1715
Kingdom of Sweden

Konungariket Sverige

Flag of Sweden Great coat of arms of Sweden Stockholm King
Gustav VI
Prime Minister
Annie Lööf
Unitary constitutional parliamentary monarchy 1397
Swiss Confederation

Confoederatio Helvetica

Swissflag Coat of Arms of Switzerland Bern Federal Chancellor
Walter Thurnherr
Prime Minister

Ueli Maurer

Confederal constitutional directorial republic 1291
United Kingdom of England, Wales and Cornwall United Kingdom flag Differently UK royal ns London King
Richard V
Prime Minister
Sarah Owen
Unitary constitutional parliamentary monarchy 2014
Vlachian Kingdom
Regatul Vlah
Romanian Flag Kingdom of Romania - Big CoA Bucharest Queen

Margareta I

Prime Minister
Ludovic Orban
Unitary constitutional parliamentary monarchy 1982

Americas[]

North America[]

Full name Emblems Capital Leadership Government Formation
Flag Arms/
Seal
Head of state Head of government
Dominion of Belize

Dominio u Belice

Flag of Belize Coat of arms of Belize Belmopan King
Richard V
Governor-General
Dean Barrow
Prime Minister
Patrick Faber
Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy 1961
Dominion of Canada

Доминион Канады

Flag of Canada Coat of arms of Manitoba Saskatoon King
Richard V

Governor-General
Martha Deacon

Prime Minister

Andrew Scheer

Federal parliamentary constitutional Commonwealth

monarchy

1867
Confederate States of America Csaflagbymug Seal of the Confederate States of America Richmond President
Nikki Haley
Federal presidential constitutional republic 1861
Federal Republic of Central America

República Federal de Centroamérica

Flag of the Federal Republic of Central America Escudo de la República Federal de Centro América San Salvador President
Sandra Torres
Federal presidential constitutional republic 1823
Kingdom of Johannia

Kunghede af Johannia

Flag of Johannia Lesser Coat of arms of Liechtenstein New Vaduz King

Alois II

Prime Minister

Bob Sivertsen

Unitary constitutional parliamentary monarchy 1929
United Mexican States

Estados Unidos Mexicanos

Mexico flag, 1893-1916 Coat of arms of Mexico (1893-1916) Mexico City President

Libia García Muñoz Ledo

Federal presidential constitutional republic 1824
Republic of Quebec

République du Québec

Flag of Quebec Coat of arms of Québec Quebec City President
J. Michel Doyon
Prime Minister
Alissa White-Gluz
Unitary parliamentary constitutional republic 1926
United States of America US flag 35 stars Great Seal of the United States (obverse) Washington City President
Mike Pence
Federal presidential constitutional republic 1776

Caribbean[]

Full name Emblems Capital Leadership Government Formation
Flag Arms/
Seal
Head of state Head of government
Commonwealth of
Bahamas
Flag of the Bahamas Coat of arms of the Bahamas Nassau King
Richard V

Governor-General
Sir Cornelius A. Smith

Prime Minister

Hubert Minnis

Unitary parliamentary constitutional Commonwealth monarchy 1973
Caribbean Federation Caribbean Federation flag Coat of arms of Grenada Bridgetown King
William V

Governor-General
Cécile La Grenade

Prime Minister

Gaston Alfonso Browne

Federal constitutional Commonwealth monarchy 1926
Kingdom of Haiti

Royaume d'Haïti

Flag of Haiti (1811–1814)

Coat of arms of Kingdom of Haiti Port-au-Prince Queen
Angelique
Prime Minister
Joseph Jouthe
Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy 1792
People's Republic of Jamaica

Communist Jamaica alternate flag

Communist Jamaica seal Kingston President
Horace Dalley
Premier

Mark Golding

Unitary one-party Marxist-Leninist republic 1955

South America[]

Full name Emblems Capital Leadership Government Formation
Flag Arms/
Seal
Head of state Head of government
Argentine Republic

República Argentina

Argentina Differently Coat of arms of Argentina Buenos Aires President
Alejandro Biondini
Unitary presidential constitutional republic 1816
Plurinational State of Bolivia

Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia

Flag of Bolivia (state) Coat of arms of Bolivia La Paz
Sucre
President
Jeanine Añez
First Minister
Evo Morales
Unitary parliamentary republic 1825
Empire of Brazil

Império do Brasil

Flag of Brazil (1870–1889) Coat of arms of the Empire of Brazil Brasília Emperor
Luiz II
Prime Minister
Soraya Thronicke
Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy 1822
Chilean Republic Flag of Chile Coat of arms of Chile Santiago President
José Antonio Kast
Federal presidential republic 1818
Bolivarian Republic of Colombia

República Bolivariana de Colombia

Colombia flag Coat of arms of Colombia Bogota President
Iván Duque Márquez
Unitary presidential constitutional Bolivarian republic 1820
Bolivarian Republic of Ecuador

República Bolivariana de Ecuador

Flag of Ecuador Coat of arms of Ecuador Quito President
Lenín Moreno
Unitary presidential constitutional Bolivarian republic 1830
Co-operative Republic of Guyana Flag of Guyana Coat of arms of Guyana Georgetown President
Irfaan Ali
Unitary presidential republic 1970
Republic of Paraguay

República del Paraguay
Tetã Paraguái

Flag of Paraguay Coat of arms of Paraguay Asunción President
Mario Abdo Benítez
Unitary presidential republic 1811
Republic of Peru

República del Perú

Flag of Peru (1825 - 1950) Escudo nacional del Perú Lima President
Francisco Sagasti
Prime Minister
Violeta Bermúdez
Federal parliamentar constitutional y republic 1821
Republic of Suriname

Republiek Suriname

Flag of Suriname Coat of arms of Suriname Paramaribo President
Chan Santokhi
Unitary presidential republic 1975
United States of Venezuela

Estados Unidos de Venezuela

Flag of Venezuela (1863–1905) Coat of arms of Venezuela (1871) Caracas President
Juan Guaidó
Federal presidential republic 1830

Africa[]

Northern Africa[]

Full name Emblems Capital Leadership Government Formation
Flag Arms/
Seal
Head of state Head of government
Republic of Bangui

République de Bangui

Bangui flag Differently Coat of arms of the Central African Republic (1958-1963) Bangui President
Emile Raymond Gros Nakombo
Unitary presidential republic 1889
Republic of Berberia

Amaziɣ Tagduda

Berberia flag Differently Tifinagh Letter Yaz Altava President
Abdelmadjid Tebboune
Federal one-party presidential republic TBD
Republic of Biafra Flag of Biafra Coat of arms of Biafra Awka President
Willie Obiano
Unitary presidential constitutional republic 1960
Kingdom of Bornu

Maido ma Bornu

Bornu Differently

Coat of arms of Bornu (Differently) East Ngazargamu Mai
Alauma II
Prime Minister

Simplice Sarandji

Unitary parliamentary monarchy 1370
Republic of Cameroon

République du Cameroun

Flag of Cameroon

Coat of arms of Cameroon Yaounde President
Paul Biya
Unitary one-party presidential republic 1960
Carthaginian Republic

𐤒𐤓𐤕𐤟𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕

Carthage Differently Coat of arms of Carthage (Differently) Carthage

President
Tom Eyal

Premier
Keshet Arieh
Unitary parliamentary constitutional republic 1960
Kingdom of Cyrenaica

Ⲧⲉⲕⲙⲉⲧⲟⲩⲣⲟ Ⲕⲩⲣⲏⲛⲁïⲕⲏ

Flag of Cyrenaica Differently Coptic cross Berenice King
Idris II
Prime Minister
Ahmed Maiteeq
Unitary parliamentary theocratic monarchy 1949
Kingdom of Dahomey

Royaume du Dahomey

Dahomey flag Differently Coat Of Arms Of Dahomey Abomey Ahosu Prime Minister Unitary semi-absolute constitutional monarchy 1600
Alawite Republic of Djibouti

جمهورية جيبوتي

Djibouti Flag - Alawite Emblem of the African Union Ali Sabieh President
Kadra Mahamoud Haid
Unitary presidential constitutional republic 1983
Kingdom of Egypt

Ⲧⲉⲕⲙⲉⲧⲟⲩⲣⲟ Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ

Flag of Egypt (Differently) Coat of arms of Egypt (Differently) Thebes Pharaoh
Nekauba II
Prime Minister
Tahemet Madbouly
Federal parliamentary monarchy 1882
Ethiopian Empire

የኢትዮጵያ ንጉሠ ነገሥት መንግሥተ

Flag of Ethiopia (1897-1936; 1941-1974) Imperial coat of arms of Ethiopia (Haile Selassie) Addis Ababa Emperor
Amha Selassie

Premier
Abiy Ahmed

Federal parliamentary constitutional Selassist monarchy 1270
Empire of Ghana

Wagadou

New flag of Ghana (Differently) Seal of Ghana (Differently) Koumbi Saleh

Ghana
Otumfuo II

Chief Minister
Bah Ndaw
Federal parliamentary monarchy 1062
Guinean Confederation Guinean Confederation flag Differently Ghana-emblem-transparent Conakry President
Mamady Doumbouya
Confederal parliamentar constitutional y republic 1958
Republic of Kanem

République du Kanem

Kanem flag Differently Abéché President
Albert Pahimi Padacké
Unitary presidential republic under a military dictatorship 1960
Kingdom of Mauretania

Reino de Mauritania

Mauretania flag Differently Coat of arms of Mauretania Volubilis King
Henri
Prime Minister
Saadeddine Othmani
Unitary parliamentary monarchy TBD
Sultanate of Sokoto

ولة الخلافة في بلاد السودان‎

Sokoto flag Differently Hausa symbol Sokoto Sultan
Muhammadu Sa'ad Abubakar
Grand Vizier
Aminu Waziri Tambuwal
Unitary semi-absolute theocratic monarchy 1804
Confederation of Somalia Alternate flag of federal republic of somalia by resistance pencil-daq4ttn Coat of arms of Somalia Mogadishu President
Ilhan Omar
Confederal presidential constitutional republic 2005
Tuareg Confederation

ⴾⵍⵜⵎⴰⵣⵗⵜ

Tuareg Confederation flag Differently Tuareg Emblem Timbuktu President
Bilal Ag Acherif
Confederal presidential constitutional republic 1955
Wolof Confederation

Jolof Réew

Wolof Confederation flag Differently Linguère President
Macky Sall
Confederal presidential constitutional republic 1912

Southern Africa[]

Full name Emblems Capital Leadership Government Formation
Flag Arms/
Seal
Head of state Head of government
Republic of Angola

República de Angola

Flag of Angola (2003 proposal) Coat of arms of Portuguese Angola (1935–1975, lesser) Luanda President
Manuel Vincente
Unitary presidential constitutional republic 2022
Boer Republic of the Cape

Boere Republiek van Kaap

Flag of South Africa (1928–1994) Coat of arms of South Africa (1932–2000) Cape Town Supreme Guide of the Nation
Marthinus van Schalkwyk
Unitary Swartist presidential constitutional republic 1987
Republic of Botswana Flag of Botswana Coat of Arms of Botswana Gaborone President

Ian Khama

Prime Minister

Phandu Skelemani

Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic 2022
Republic of Comoros

Republique des Comores

Comoros Differently Seal of the Comoros Njazidja President
Azali Assoumani
Unitary presidential constitutional republic 1975
Democratic Republic of the Congo

République Démocratique du Congo

Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Coat of arms of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2003-2006) Kinshasa President
Félix Tshisekedi
Unitary presidential constitutional republic 1960
Republic of the French Equator

République du Équateur

Flag of Gabon Coat of arms of Gabon Libreville President
Denis Sassou Nguesso
Unitary presidential constitutional republic 1960
Republic of Mbini

República de Mbini

Flag of Equatorial Guinea

Coat of arms of Equatorial Guinea Malabo President
Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
Prime Minister
Francisco Pascual Obama Asue
Unitary presidential constitutional republic 1968
Democratic Republic of Kenya Kenyan Star Coat of arms of Kenya (Differently) Nairobi

President
Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o

Unitary Marxist-Bernsteinist

presidential

Republic

2021
Imerina Kingdom of Madagascar

Imerina Fanjakan'i Madagascar

Flag of the Merina people

Merina symbol Antananarivo Queen
Ramasindrazana II
Prime Minister
Christian Ntsay
Unitary constitutional monarchy 1960
Republic of Mauritius
République de Maurice

Flag of Mauritius

Coat of arms of Mauritius Port Louis President
Prithvirajsing Roopun
Unitary presidential constitutional republic 1968
Republic of Mozambique

República de Moçambique

Flag of RENAMO Symbol of RENAMO Mozambique Maputo President

Ossufo Momade

Unitary parliamentary republic 1975
Federation of Mutapa

I-Federation Mutapa
Umanyano Mutapa

New Zulu Kingdom Coat of arms of South Africa Pretoria King
Letsie III
Prime Minister
Cyril Ramaphosa
Federal parliamentary elective constitutional monarchy 1987
Republic of Namibia Flag of Namibia Coat of Arms of Namibia Windhoek President
Hage Geingob
Prime Minister
Nangolo Mbumba
Unitary parliamentary constitutional republic 1991
Republic of Nyasaland

Dziko la Malaŵi

Flag of Malawi

Coat of arms of Nyasaland

Lilongwe

President
Lazarus Chakwera

Unitary presidential constitutional republic 1964
Kingdom of Rwanda

Ufalme wa Rwanda

Flag Rwanda 1959

Royal Rwanda Coat

Kivu King
Emmanuel I
Prime Minister
Édouard Ngirente
Unitary parliamentary monarchy 1962
Republic of Seychelles

République des Seychelles
Repiblik Sesel

Flag of Seychelles Coat of arms of the Seychelles Victoria President
Wavel Ramkalawan
Unitary presidential constitutional republic 1976
United Republic of Tanzania

Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania

Flag of Tanzania Coat of arms of Tanzania Dodoma President
John Magufuli
Prime Minister
Kassim Majaliwa
Federal parliamentary constitutional republic 1961
Republic of Uganda

Jamhuri ya Uganda

Flag of Uganda Coat of arms of the Republic of Uganda Kampala President
Yoweri Museveni
Unitary presidential constitutional republic 1962
Republic of Zambia Flag of Zambia Coat of Arms of Zambia Lusaka

President
Edgar Lungu

Unitary presidential republic 1964
Republic of Zimbabwe Flag of Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Bird Harare President
Emmerson Mnangagwa
Unitary one-party presidential republic 1980

Asia[]

West and Central Asia[]

Full name Emblems Capital Leadership Government Formation
Flag Arms/
Seal
Head of state Head of government
Kingdom of Arabia

المملكة السعودية

Flag of Arabia (Differently) Emblem of Saudi Arabia Ha'il King
Abdulaziz bin Rashid
Federal Islamic absolute monarchy 1928
Armenia

Հայաստան

Flag of Armenia Coat of arms of Armenia Yerevan King
Onik Gasparyan I
Prime Minister
Artur Baghdasaryan
Unitary absolute monarchy 2022
Republic of Azerbaijan

Azərbaycan Respublikası

Azerbaijan Differently Emblem of Azerbaijan (Differently) Baku President
Ilham Aliyev
Prime Minister
Ali Asadov
Unitary semi-presidential republic 1982
State of Chagatai
Чагатай мамлекети
Flag of Kyrgyzstan Emblem of Kyrgyzstan Bishkek President
Sooronbay Jeenbekov
Head Patriarch
Mukhammedkalyi Abylgaziev
Unitary one-party Zoroastrian theocratic republic 1982
Federal Democratic Republic of Persia
(East Persia)

𐭧𐭥𐭥𐭫𐭩𐭥𐭭𐭩 𐭥𐭮𐭲𐭥𐭩𐭲𐭧𐭯𐭥 𐭥𐭫𐭪𐭩𐭭𐭩𐭪𐭧𐭥 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭲𐭧𐭥𐭪𐭩𐭲

Flag of East Persia (Differently) Coat of arms of Iran (SwHF) Kabul

President
Hibatullah Akhundzada

Federal presidential constitutional republic under a far-right Zoroastrian theocratic dictatorship 1982
Bagrationi Kingdom of Georgia

საქართველოს ბაგრატიონის სამეფო

Flag of Georgia Greater coat of arms of Georgia Tbilisi King
David II
Prime Minister
Giorgi Gakharia
Unitary parliamentary

constitutional

monarchy

1982
Federal Republic of Syria Palaestina The Republic of Mesopotamia by maxwasson

Syria-emblem

Damascus President
Akhu-Akhi Binatour
Prime Minister
Gal Gadot
Federal presidential republic 1882
Republic of Uzbekistan

Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi

Flag of Uzbekistan (Differently) Emblem of Uzbekistan (Differently) Tashkent President
Shavkat Mirziyoyev
Prime Minister
Abdulla Aripov
Unitary semi-presidential republic 1982
Imperial State of Persia

(West Persia)

𐭣𐭥𐭩𐭲𐭥𐭧 𐭫𐭥 𐭣𐭧𐭥𐭲𐭭𐭩𐭪 𐭥𐭫𐭥𐭬𐭭𐭲𐭩𐭪𐭫𐭲𐭥𐭩

West Persia Differently

Standard of Cyrus the Great (White) Tehran Shah
Yazdegerd II
Prime Minister
Hassan Rouhani
Federal

parliamentary

constitutional monarchy

1951

East and Southeast Asia[]

Full name Emblems Capital Leadership Government Formation
Flag Arms/
Seal
Head of state Head of government
Kingdom of Bhutan

འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ

Flag of Bhutan Bhutan emblem Thimphu King
Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck
Unitary absolute monarchy 1885
Kingdom of Cambodia

ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា

Third Kingdom of Cambodia

Coat of arms of Cambodia Phnom Penh King
Norodom Sihamoni
Prime Minister
Duong Sam Ol
Unitary

parliamentary

constitutional

monarchy

1953
Tamil Republic of Ceylon
ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජනරජය
Ceylon flag Differently Emblem of Sri Lanka Colombo/
Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte
President
Gotabaya Rajapaksa
Prime Minister
Mahinda Rajapaksa
Unitary parliamentary republic 2006
Great Chang Empire of China
大張中華帝國
大张中华帝国
Alternate flag of China (blue) Twelve Symbols national emblem of China Peking Emperor
Tailong Emperor
Prime Minister
Cai Ing-Wen
Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy 1912
East Turkestan Republic
(Uyghuristan)

Sherqiy Türkistan Jumhuriyiti

Zoroastrian Uyghuristan Coat of Arms of Uyghuristan (Differently) Ürümqi President
Ghulam Osman Yaghma
Prime Minister
Salih Hudayar
Unitary semi-presidential republic 1982
Indian Confederation

भारतीय परिसंघ

Flag of India Emblem of India New Delhi President
Smriti Irani
Prime Minister
Narendra Modi
Federal parliamentary republic 2023
Empire of Japan

にっ ぽん こう こく

Flag of Japan Imperial Seal of Japan Tokyo Emperor
Naruhito

Prime Minister
Yoshihide Suga

Unitary parliamentary monarchy 1192
Great Korean Empire

Flag of Korea (1899) Imperial Seal of the Korean Empire Seoul Emperor
Won
Prime Minister
Mun Jae-Yin
Unitary parliamentary monarchy 1910
Kingdom of Laos

ອານາຈັກລາວ

Flag of Laos (1952-1975) Royal Coat of Arms of Laos Vientiane King

Soulivong Savang

Prime Minister

Thongloun Sisoulith

Unitary parliamentary monarchy 1953
Sovereign City of Macau

Soberana Cidade de Macau
澳門主權城市

Flag of Macau

Macau SAR Regional Emblem

Macau Grand Mayor

Ho Iat Seng

Unitary parliamentary republic under a directorial city-state 1999
Empire of Malaysia

Empayar Malaysia

1949 Malaya Flag Proposal 1 Malaysia Differently CoA Kuala Lumpur Yang-di-Pertuan Agong
Siddhartha V of Kelathan
Prime Minister
Muhyiddin Yassin
Federal elective monarchy 1957
Republic of Maldives

ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ

Flag of the Maldives until 1903 Coat of Arms of Maldives (Differently) Male President
Ibrahim Mohamed Solih
Unitary presidential republic 1965
State of Manchuria

ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ

Flag of the Emperor of Manchukuo Emblem of the Emperor of Manchukuo Mukden Khan
Yuquan
Prime Minister
Jin Pucong
Unitary constitutional monarchy 1950
Mongolian State
ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ
Flag of Mongolia (Differently) Coat of arms of Mongolia (1911–24) Ulaanbaatar Bogd Khan

10th Jebtsundamba Khutuktu

Regent
Nyamaagiin Enkhbold

Prime Minister

Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh

Federal semi-theocratic monarchy 1911
Republic of Myanmar

မြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်

Flag of Myanmar State seal of Myanmar Rangoon President
Win Myint
Unitary one-party republic 1948
Kingdom of Nepal

नेपालको अधिराज्य

Flag of Nepal Coat of arms of Nepal (1962–2008) Kathmandu King
Gyanendra
Prime Minister
K. P. Sharma Oli
Federal

parliamentary monarchy

1923
Sovereign Philippine Nation

Nación Filipina Soberana

Filipino Flag - Differently Seal of the Katipunan Manila President
Rodrigo Duerte
Unitary presidential republic 1898
Kingdom of Singapore

Kerajaan Singapura

Non-Muslim Singapore Johor Coat of Arms without Islamic references Singapore King
Eshin V
Prime Minister
Lee Hsien Loong
Unitary parliamentary monarchy 1965
Kingdom of Thailand

ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា

Flag of Thailand

Garuda Emblem of Thailand

Bangkok King
Rama X
Prime Minister
Yingluck Shinawatra
Unitary constitutional monarchy 1238
Kingdom of Tibet

བོད་

西藏

Flag of Tibet Emblem of Tibet Lhasa Dalai Lama
Tenzin Gyatso
Sikyong
Penpa Tsering
Unitary Buddhist theocratic constitutional monarchy 1950
Republic of Vietnam

Việt Nam Cộng Hòa

Flag of South Vietnam Coat of Arms of South Vietnam (1963 - 1975) Saigon

President
Nguyen Phú Trọng

Unitary presidential republic 1975

Oceania[]

Full name Emblems Capital Leadership Government Formation
Flag Arms/
Seal
Head of state Head of government
Aṉangu Nation Australian Aboriginal Flag AnanguCoA Mparntwe President
Francis Xavier Kurrupuwu
Prime Minister
Larisa Lee
Federal aboriginal parliamentary republic 1889
Kingdom of Fiji and Samoa

Matanitu e Viti i Samoa

Flag of the United Kingdom of Fiji 1871-1874 Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Fiji (1871-1874) Suva Ratu/O le Ao o le Malo
Epeli Nailatikau
Prime Minister
Frank Bainimarama
Unitary parliamentary monarchy 1987
Free State of Hawaii

Moku'āina Ku'oko'a o Hawai'i

Kanaka Maoli flag

Coat of Arms of the Republic of Hawaii Honolulu Aliʻi Mōʻī
Kirk Caldwell
Unitary presidential constitutional republic 1926
Jamesland Jamesland flag Differently Coat of Arms of Victoria George Bay President
Gerrit-Jan Stegemans
Unitary presidential republic 1918
Democratic Republic of Las Bahías

República Democrática de Las Bahías

Las Bahías flag Differently CoaNT Puerto del Sol President
Daniel Alfredo Bonfils
Prime Minister
Marianna Díaz
Unitary parliamentary republic 1898
Federated States of Micronesia Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia Seal of the Federated States of Micronesia Palikir President
David Panuelo
Prime Minister
Peter M. Christian
Federal assembly-independent republic 1986
Federation of Mystras Australis

Ομοσπονδία Μυστρᾶς Αυστραλίς

HD Mystras Australis Flag

Byzantine Republic Seal Theodora President

Manolis Theodorellis

Federal

presidential

constitutional

republic

1950
Kingdom of New Holland

Koninkrijk Nieuw Holland

Flag of New Holland (Differently) Coat of arms of New Holland (Differently) Willemsburg King
Willem III
Grand Pensionary
Klaas van Kooten
Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy 1890
Commonwealth of New Zealand

Aotearoa

Kyle Lockwood's New Zealand Flag (alt 1) Coat of arms of New Zealand Wellington King
Richard V

Governor-General
Patsy Reddy

Prime Minister

Hannah Tamaki

Unitary parliamentary constitutional Commonwealth monarchy 1840
United Commonwealth of Melanesia

Komonwel bilong Melanesia

Flag of Melanesia (Differently)

Emblem of Papua New Guinea Port Moresby King

Richard V

Governor-General
Sir David Vunagi

Prime Minister
James Marape
Federal constitutional Commonwealth monarchy 1897
Dominion of Sophiahafen Sophiahafen flag Differently Sophiahafen Kaiser
Wilhelm VI

Governor-General

Victor Braun

Prime Minister
Peter Carter

Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy; German dominion 1994
Commonwealth of Swania D61jF2-eyz1x14DYFeD6D6x2FZIqq4hj5pq0p0rXQgE Coat of Arms of Western Australia Swan River City King
Richard V

Governor-General
Kim Beazley

Prime Minister

Mark McGowan

Unitary parliamentary constitutional Commonwealth monarchy 1910
Kingdom of Tonga

Puleʻanga Fakatuʻi ʻo Tonga

Flag of Tonga Coat of arms of Tonga Nukuʿalofa Tuʻi Kanokupolu
Tupou IV
Prime Minister
Bob Dadae
Unitary parliamentary monarchy 1970
Commonwealth of Tuvalu Flag of Tuvalu (1996–1997) Coat of arms of Tuvalu Funafuti King
Richard V

Governor-General
Teniku Talesi Honolulu (Acting)

Prime Minister

Kausea Natano

Unitary constitutional Commonwealth monarchy 1978
Van Diemen's Land Van Diemen's Land flag Differently VDLCA2 Hobart President
Peter Underwood
Prime Minister
Eline Katers
Unitary semi-presidential republic 1865

Subnational states[]

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