Alternative History
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Finnish War of Independence
Part of 1917 Russian Separatist Crisis and the First World War

Soldiers of the paramilitary White Guard in Leinola, a suburb of Tampere
Date 25 June 1917 – 27 July 1921
(4 years, 1 month and 2 days)
Location Northern Europe
Result Finnish Rebel Victory:
  • Withdrawal of the Imperial Russian Army
  • Russia retains control of Karelia
  • Beginning of the Finnish Civil War
Territorial
changes
Independence of Finland
Belligerents
Finland
Supported By:
Germany
Norway
Russia
Commanders and leaders
C.G.E. Mannerheim
Hannes Ignatius
Ernst Linder
Ernst Löfström
Martin Wetzer
Karl Wilkman
Hjalmar Frisell
Alexei II
Grand Duke Mikhail
Alexander Kerensky
Lavr Kornilov  
Anton Denikin
Nikolai Yudenich
Grigory Semyonov
Alexander Kolchak
Strength
Finnish White Guard:
  • 90,000 to 180,000 troops
  • Swedish Brigade 1,000 to 5,000
  • 2,000 Estonian troops

Foreign Volunteers:

Imperial Russian Armed Forces:
  • 87,000 to 100,000 troops
  • 67,200 Finnish loyalist
  • 200 Imperial Russian Naval Warships
Casualties and losses
White Guard:
  • 3,500 killed in action
  • 1,650 executed
  • 46 missing
  • 4 POW deaths

Foreign Volunteers:

Total: 5,700–5,800 casualties (100–200 neutral/"White" civilians)

Total Casualties:
  • 3,046 dead
  • 4,085 wounded
  • 10,000 captured