The Free State of Brazil (Portuguese: Estado Livre do Brasil), also known as the República Velha ("Old Republic") is the period of Brazilian history between 1791 and 1839. The government type was a Federal semi-presidential republic. In the initial three years, Brazil was governed by a Council of Ministers which elected the future President Tomás Antônio Gonzaga as their representative.
In 1810, during the independence of Granada, the Brazilian republic was the first nation to recognize still during an ongoing war. The speech of the Minister of Foreign Relations, João de Deus, was the starting point of the Mena Doctrine, which comprised of recognizing the new nations becoming independent under the Latin American flag.
In the same year, the Bahian governor Cipriano Barata was elected president. In favor of outlaw slavery on the entire nation, Barata approved the Amendment of Abolition (1814), which outlawed slavery, being re-elected to more than four years. The government of Barata was remarked by extensive liberalization and adoption of the ideals of the Age of Enlightenment. He was succeeded by José Bonifácio de Andrada.
The first Brazilian Age of Enlightenment ended after the election of Antônio Paes de Barros, most precisely during the Dutch–Brazilian War, which culminated in the first financial crisis of the country and the Sabine Revolution.
Antônio Paes de Barros was the last President of the Free State of Brazil, assuming the office in 1836. Governor of São Paulo, he was known by the introduction of the coffee culture in the country. In 1837, happened the Sabinada Revolution led by the then-opposition Governor of Bahia, Francisco Sabino. The revolution led to the resignation of Antônio Paes de Barros and José da Costa, with Manuel Nogueira da Gama assuming the Provisional government.
Acre • Araguaia • Bahia • Ceará • Chapada • Corumbá • Cunani • Espírito Santo • Goiás • Guiana • Iguaçu • Juruena • MadeiraMinas Gerais • Palmares • Pará • Paraíba • Paraná • Pernambuco • Piauí • Rio de Janeiro • Rio Grande • Rondônia • Roraima • Santa Catarina • São Francisco • São João • São Paulo • São Pedro • São Roque • Solimões • Tapajós • Uruguai
