General Government of Korea (Cherry, Plum, and Chrysanthemum)

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General Government of Korea
고려일반정부
高麗一般政府
Timeline: Cherry, Plum, and Chrysanthemum

Preceded by 1920-1950 Succeeded by Joseon Dynasty Provisional Government of Free Korea Republic of Korea Flag
Capital (and largest city)	Seoul
Language   official	Korean
others	Chinese; Japanese
Religion	Catholicism; Buddhism; Protestantism
Ethnic Group	Korean
Government	Autonomous entity of Japan
Legislature	National Assembly of Korea
Area	219,140 km²
Currency	Korean won

The General Government of Korea (Korean: 고려일반정부; 高麗一般政府 Goryeo Ilbanjeongbu) was the autonomous government for Korea from 1920 to 1949 when the country was under the rule of Japan. The General Government was created by the Korean Self-Government Law, which was passed by Congress of Japan in 1922. The General Government was in exile from 1942–1945, when Korea was under Chinese occupation. In 1949, the General Government ceased to exist and Korea was proclaimed an independent republic.

Structure

The structure of the General Government of Korea was described in the Japan-Korea Treaty of Equality and Mutual Understanding (1920), which remained in effect until 1950. The General Government of Korea was responsible for the domestic and economic affairs of the Korean people within the sphere of the Japanese realm. The foreign policy and defense affairs of Korea would be under the responsibility of Japan. Certain legislation and policy also required the approval of the Parliament of Japan.

The National Assembly of Korea (國會 Gukhoe) serves as the parliament of Korea and is responsible to formulate the legislation. All of its members were elected every four years. Since 1933, the pro-Japanese assemblymen from the Korean-Japanese Friendship Association (高和 友好 協會 Go-hwa Uho Hyeop-hoe, shortened as 友協 U-hyeop) dominated most of the seats in the Assembly.

The Governor-General for Korea (高麗總督 Goryeo Chongdok) was the representative of Government of Japan in Korea. The Governor-General was appointed by the President of Japan with the consent of Parliament of Japan every five years.

The Council of the Ministers of Korea (閣僚 理事會 Gakryo Risahoe), headed by the Prime Minister (首相 Susang) who assisted by two Vice-Prime Ministers (副首相 Bu-susang). The Council was the main executive body of Korea.

The National Court of Korea (國家 裁判所 Gukga Jaepanso) was in charge of judicial matters and supervision and administration of lower courts. All of the judges of the Court are appointed by the National Assembly. Every Korean citizen was the subject of Korean law and under the authority of Korean National Court, not of Japanese law.