Great Britain (Crown of Anjou and Jerusalem)

United Crown of Great Britain, the English Empire,the Kingdom of Scotland, the Kingdom of Ireland, and others.
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem:  God save the King.
Great Britain and its overseas holdings
Capital	London
Official languages	English
Common languages	Welsh Cornish Irish Jamaican Irish Gaellic
Religion	Christianity(State catholicism)
Demonym(s)	British
Government	Constitutional Parliamentary Monarchy
• Emperor William V (current) • Prime Minister Johnson Boris (current)
Legislature	Parliament
• Upper house	House of Lords
• Lower house	House of Commons
History
• Defeat in the 100 years war 1453 • Concordat of Naples February 1, 1601 • War of the English Empire's succesion 1868-1881 • Entry into the Great War March 1, 1911 • Treaty of Tourraine April 1, 1922

Introduction

The United Crown of Great Britain, is a country spanning the entirety of the British Isles, the Channel Islands, Orkney and Shetland, along with its overseas post-colonial holdings.It borders a multitude of nations, sharing a maritime border with over 29 countries, and a direct land border with Mexico, Korea, and Japan through its crown dependencies.

It is a founding member and permanent defense council member at the Commonwealth of Independent States.It has a grand population of 129.000.000 people (2023 estimate) and the largest population density in the Western hemisphere, only challenged by China.

The country leads a pack of multiple anglophone and Anglo-aligned nations, and shares the same dynasty with a multitude of former dominions, like the New Hebrides, Victorialand, Palestine, Aotearoa, multiple Eurafrikan nations, and Central Africa.All remnants and living memory of the Grand British Empire, which spanned a quarter of the world, and dominated modern history.

End of the 100 years war - A new destiny

One of the most defining conflicts of history for European and broader human history would be the 100 years war, a conflict between the Kingdom of France and England, which would engulf the two feudal realms and keep them at odds with each other well past the 14th century.Indeed, the war characterized the historic identity of the English nation, their ambition was crushed under the overwhelming weight of France and its allies, England lost all their territories in continental Europe, Gascony and Normandy.

The Kingdom of England would never return back to these territories, not at least until the late period of the Great war.This would set the nation towards a path outside of the main European continent, as the country would look further west, into the New world.

By the late 15th century, the discovery of the Americas would mark the beginning of a new age, and a colonial race between Britain and Spain would begin.

Colonial Ambition

Britain would sail forth, discovering and eventually permanently settling the area which would become Albionoria (Northern Albion).The first settlements of New York and Edmonton would begin a wave of settler immigration, as the British crown would invest into the expansion of their colony, benefiting the economy via the fur trade in North America.

Britain's colonial ambitions would not stop at North America, the British set up various colonies around the Caribbean, such as Jamaica, and the island of Trinidad.Going further south, Struggling Welsh farmers would immigrate to Patagonia, where the British government would sponsor their ventures and inevitably recognize a Patagonian colony, the 'New Hebrides', a de jure English country, but with a rich welsh and Celtic cultural character.

Catholic character and New Chapters

As the British clergy centralized authority, and expanded in the new world through missionaries, it begun dominating British day to day life.The British rivalry with Spain would drive the King to invest further into controlling the curia and take bigger interest in the leadership of the broader Papacy.Colonialism would expand and dominate the European renaissance mindset, this drove Spain and Britain to settle their colonial differences in a peaceful congress, thus the 2 countries, later involving Portugal too, would convene a council at Tordesillas, with mediation from the pope himself- the three Empires would sign a treaty (the treaty of Tordesillas) to partition the new world amongst each other.

The Conquest of Africa

As British colonial interests grew larger and larger, new land with potential to expand and exploit was in need, the British crown had long thought of the stories of William the conqueror, and the legends of the Crusades, they looked back at Christian history and thought about the Christian lands that had now long been conquered by the Muslims.

Africa was at a geopolitical and historically disadvantaged position- The continent was isolated and technologically inferior, the British on the other hand had invested heavily into their naval fleets and begun sending missionaries to the coast of Ghana in order to establish colonial ports, often clashing with the Portuguese.An African colony particularly interested the British burgher class, as it would ease access to the British slave trade, slaves were imported from Africa usually as plantation manpower for their Caribbean colonies.

Special crusader missions to Africa

Ports in the west African coast, specifically in the Gambia river and coast of Benin would become extremely profitable, this gave the British crown the reason they needed to embark on their dreams of Christian reconquest.By the start of the 16th century, the King of England would begin giving out special crusade missions to the conquerors and nobles who were willing to accept them, and venture into the dark continent in pursuit of ultimate glory.

One would stand amongst all, the most valiant Knight of the British crown and infamous conqueror, sir Oliver Cromwell, who would be responsible for the victories of England against the Benin Sultanate, and the Hausa tribes.He would found an important settlement around lake chad, which would develop into the modern city of Cromwellburgh, in the Upper Congo.Specifically, the dominion of Upper Congo would be an example for the British colonizers, an exemplary colony.Many would follow in his footsteps, Algeria, the Sudan, the Ivory Coast and others would become parts of the British Empire as the centuries progressed, and quinine was invented, the medicine that significantly aided the colonization of Africa.

Indian Conquests

Initially a mercenary group from a Catholic missionary band under the leadership of Guy Fawkes, would establish the first Anglo presence in the Indian subcontinent. In 1621, they would conquer parts of the Orissa valey, establishing a colony in the port of Gajam. The legacy of these mercenaries would be legitimised later on through the British supported Guyfawk Order, established 40 years after the death of its figurehead.

The British East India company would be the major instrument of British expansion overseas in Asia, founded in 1760, in Madras, South india, would become the stepping stone for Britain's domination over the Indian subcontinent. The indigenous Indian states were wealthy in resources, manpower and spice. But politically divided, internally weakened due to the still influential feudal administration , halting any significant technological or social progress, and lastly the political strife between the 3 main powers in 18th century India. The Maratha princes, powerful enough to demand concessions and sometimes self governing, threatened the power of the previously hegemonous, Mughal Emperor in Dehli. This internal divide in the Mughal Empire would weaken the Sultanate overtime, Maratha warlords would fight over frontier provinces, fragmenting the empire from the inside, with the smallest states being less than a fort, and the largest spanning over several regions.

Britain seized the oppurtunity in 1750 and 80, Local Nawabs in Bengal and Orissa had grown autonomous, nearly independent from the Mughal Empire, the Maratha confederacy was weak and divided, the Mughal Empire had only ceremonial control over the east Ganges plain, Britain’s overseas expansion relied heavily on Jesuit-backed mercantile ventures, Crown-chartered missionary–commercial companies and Crusader orders, and sometimes direct British military intervention.

British Entry Into Bengal (1790–1810)

The conflict over Bengal begins when the Nawab of Bengal attempts to centralize taxation. Trading guilds and landed elites (zamindars) request British military advisors to counter Maratha raids. Britain sees a key opening. In 1790 they declare an itervention, battles are heavily on the British' side, Superior European military tech and artillery slay outdated Indian peasant levies, but at the same time, Britain employs an intellegent diplomatic strategy, through Local Hindu and Muslim merchant backing against oppressive Nawabi taxation, they are able to strangle trade and control the internal Bengali economy. The outcome of the war is a complete British strategic victory in Bengal.

• British expeditionary forces take Calcutta, Murshidabad, and Dakka.
• The Nawab flees to Bihar.
• Britain establishes the Calcutta Agency (1797), initially semi-autonomous.

Conquest of Orissa & the Eastern Littoral

Britain's succesful conquest of Bengal emboldened East Indies leadership to continue expansion, the nickname Jewel of the Crown gave prestige to the company, making it known across the British Empire as one of the most remarkable colonial entities in known history. The Anglo–Orissan Campaign (1805–1812) saw Britain exploit the rivalry between the Raja of Khurda and coastal zamindars. Jesuit emissaries built alliances with tribal chiefs inland. While the Guyfawkes order is strengthened through contracts directly by the British crown, ensuring their expansion and dominion over Orissa. Support from Portugal in Konkana and Goa strengthens the naval landing at Cuttack, which secures the Mahanadi delta. By 1812 Orissa becomes a British client state, later annexed in 1830 after the “Khurda Succession Crisis.”

The Southern & Western Wars (1835–1870)

An Anti-British Coalition forms by 1870: the Marathas, pwoerful nobles controlling different regions in Central and South-western India, the Sultanate of Mysore, a modernising stronghold but politically isolated and Hyderabad, these three join forces when it becomes clear that Britain will not stop at Bengal.

The Grand Deccan Campaigns (1835–1855):

• Britain uses modern rifled cannon and Austrian-inspired logistics. They exploit the Maratha succession strife.

Major victories:

• Battle of Pune (1842)—breaks Maratha power, resulting in direct annexation
• Storming of Srirangapatna (1848)—Mysore collapses, and is later partitioned by the Netherlands and Britain during the Confrence of Amsterdam.
• Treaty of Golconda (1855)—Hyderabad submits as a protectorate of the East Indies.

By 1855, the Deccan Plateau is secured.

The War for the Ganges (1850–1880)

The Mughal Emperor in Delhi is deposed by a military coup supported by Afghan nobles. But Britain views the coup as illegitimate, fearing a new anti-European coalition.

British conquests in the Ganges Plain (1858–1876):

The British launch a multi-axis campaign:

• From Bengal → toward Patna and Benares
• Supported by Catholic missionary networks
• With local Rajput and Jat allies seeking protection from Afghan-ruled Delhi

Outcome (1876)

• The British capture Allahabad, Agra, and Delhi.
• The last Mughal pretender is exiled to Goa.
• Britain establishes the Northern Presidencies, and the Moghulistan Dominion is established independent of the East India company, instead governed as a Dominion of the British Empire.

This completes British dominance from the Himalayas to the Bay of Bengal.

Western India (Gujarat–Sindh)

Rivalry with France and local Islamic emirates drives British expansion in Gujarat. The Gujarat Annexation (1857–1865) results in British encouragement of Jesuits to foster local elite alliances. Idustrial cotton interests push hard for direct British rule.

Sindh Campaign (1862–1870)

Britain faces fierce resistance from Sufi-inspired militias. Eventually, Britain secures the Indus delta. By 1870, British India includes:

• Bengal
• Orissa
• Northern India
• Deccan
• Gujarat–Sindh

Only Punjab and Kashmir remain independent. But the Punjabi Wars (1870–1900) and the Durrani Campaig, conclude British expansion, with Punjab partitioned and mostly under dominion, By 1900, Britain rules the entire Indian subcontinent, forming the strongest colony in the world.