Great War (Principia Moderni IV Map Game)

Great War Principia Moderni IV (Map Game)
Clockwise from the top: The aftermath of shelling during the Battle of Calais, Borealian panzers crossing the King's Line, SMS St. Lauwens sinks during Séikinnigin, a Belkan machine gun crew wears gas masks during the Battle of Tegucigalpa, Arcadian D.III fighters in Texas.
Date 8 June 1913 - 1 December 1916 (Occidentalian War) 21 September 1914 - 6 May 1919 (War in Europe) 1 April 1915 - 2 March 1921 (War in Asia)  Peace Treaties  Treaty of Lima (1915) Treat of New Rome (1916) Treaty of Kerman (1918) Treaty of Amiens (1919) Location Europe, Arcadia, Laurentia, Atlantic Ocean, Southeast Asia, Pacific Islands, South Asia, Africa Result Overall Entente Victory Defeat of Burgundy in Europe Pan-Arcadian victory in Occidentalia
Belligerents
European Entente: France Belka Uniõ de Cádiz Great Britain New England Avalon Texas China Korea (1915-) Co-Belligerents: Argentine Peru New Granada (1915-1917) Ethiopia	Burgundy Borealia Brésil Savannah Arcadia Aztlán Vinland New Granada (-1915) Scandinavia Co-Belligerents: Arabia Egypt Swahili Uluru Free India Nepal
Commanders and leaders
Maxime Weygand Sergei Draculesti Ferdinand Draculesti John Custer † Alexander Woodward Arthur Currie Harold Pershing Neville Smith Miguel II Gabriel Siqueira Ulisses Varela	Viktoria Graf Roosevelt Jan Fëscher Eduard Ijzenhouwer Jan Heutsz Willem Treslong Johannes Galama Hendrik Trajectinus Alexander Calhoun Thomas Jackson Vincent Neri Indrarjun Singh
Strength
2,300,000 300,000 500,000 1,900,000 (1915) See Strength Section
Casualties and losses
See Casualties Section X Total Military Deaths Y Total Civilian Deaths

The Great War, also known as the Global War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 21 September 1914 to 6 May 1919. The war is also viewed concurrently to the Occidentalian War, also known as the Albion-Savannah War, which broke out the previous year in 1913, and directly escalated into the global conflict. Contemporaneously described as the "war to end all wars", more than X million military personnel were mobilized in one of the largest wars in history. An estimated X million combatants and X million civilians died as a direct result of the war, while it is also considered a contributory factor in a number of genocides and other disasters, such as the 1918 Trench Flu pandemic, which caused between 50 and 100 million deaths worldwide. Military losses were exacerbated by new technological and industrial developments and the tactical stalemate caused by grueling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history and precipitated major political changes in many of the nations involved.

By 1913 the continent of Arcadia was largely divided into two coalitions: the Pan-Arcadian alliance of Borealia, Aztlán, Brésil, et al, backed by the Kingdom of Burgundy, and the English nation of New England, backed by many of the nations of Europe through alliance or indirect alliance, such as Great Britain, France, Iberia, and Belka. New England had suffered defeat at the hands of Burgundy and allies in the Commonwealth War, which saw the loss of English territory to Borealia and others. The humiliating defeat and the 20-year insurgency that ravaged New England, led to the rise of ultranationalist John Custer. Custer's policies led to New England's annexation of Avalon, however, they were thwarted in their attempts to annex Savannah, leading to New England invading Savannah in 1913, followed by Burgundy and Borealia declaring war in support of Savannah.

In Europe at this time the Russo-Arabian War was being concluded, which had escalated into a proto-global war by 1913. Despite Arcadian support for Arabia, a series of diplomatic incidents soured relations between Belka and nations such as Borealia and Burgundy. Great Britain remained a staunch opponent of Burgundy as part of a centuries-long rivalry, while France quietly ended their alliance with Borealia in favor of an alliance with New England. This aligned the interests of the nations of the European Economic Area, who voted to formalize the agreement into a military alliance. In 1914, with the war having already been raging in Arcadia and Laurentia ("Occidentalia"), France declared war on Burgundy, followed by the nations of the European Economic Ara and Belka.

The conflict escalated further into a truly global war, with fronts on every other inhabited continent. In Asia the nation of China-Korea joined its ally Belka, launching a series of invasions in Burgundian Indochina and other colonies. Great Britain's colonies in the Indian subcontinent launched a revolt to liberate India from British rule, while likewise in Anangu/Australia the Empire of Uluru declared its independence after over a century of British control. In Laurentia the nation of Brésil fought against the Laurentian Union of Peru and Argentine, and later fought New Granada alongside Guyana, after they switched to Belka's side in 1915. In Africa multiple fronts emerged across the many colonies of the continent, but most notably the Swahili Federation launched an invasion of British East Africa.

By 1916 the nation of New England had been defeated in Arcadia, and attempts to liberate the country failed, leading to the Treaty of New Rome that ended the war in Arcadia. Overall the Treaty of Amiens in 1919 was the final conclusion to the conflict.

Names

The term "First World War" was first used in September 1914 by Burgundian biologist and philosopher Ernst Heereboord, who claimed that "there is no doubt that the course and character of the feared 'European War' ... will become the first world war in the full sense of the word," citing a wire service report in The Johannesburg Star on 20 September 1914.

The events of 1914–1918 are generally known as the Great War or simply the World War. Contemporary Europeans also referred to it as "the war to end war" or "the war to end all wars" due to their perception of its then-unparalleled scale and devastation.

In October 1914, the Avalonian magazine Maclean's wrote, "Some wars name themselves. This is the Great War." However, while certainly accurate in Avalon, this was not so even in Britain; historian John Holland Rose's 1911 account of the 1854-1859 wars, generally called the Great European War, was titled Napoleon and the Great War. This was validated by Adriaan de Jongh's 1925 book, Napoleon in 100 Objects, in which he states: "This opening statement will cause some bewilderment to many who have grown up with the appellation of the Great War firmly applied to the 1914–19 World War. But to anyone living before 1919, the title of the Great War was applied to the Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars.

Alliances

Entente

The Entente (from French entente [ɑ̃tɑ̃t] "friendship, understanding, agreement") is the name of the European alliance that was formed to combat Burgundy. The foundation of the alliance was the European Economic Area, which was a trade-related treaty between Great Britain, France, and Iberia, that eventually developed into a military alliance, and also included the Belkan Empire.

Statistics of the Entente Powers (1913) and enlisted soldiers during the war

Nation		Population	Total Mobilized personnel	Land (square miles)	GDP (in billion 2011 international dollars)
Primary Nations
Belkan Empire	Belka	123,923,200
	Maghreb
	Ethiopia
France	France proper	54,102,987		175,640
Uniõ de Cádiz	European Iberia	55,720,129	2,729,103	249,340	405.92
	Morocco	14,720,237	560,192	126,500	98.18
	Algeria	8,461,239	273,918	39340	56.44
	Colonial Totals		672,018
Great Britain	Great Britain proper
New England	New England proper	34,102,900	1,046,360
	Avalon	3,100,912	492,280
China Korea	China proper
	Dai Viet
Texas		9,670,412
Co-Belligerents
Argentine		11,301,100	850,000
Peru		5,600,719	300,000
New Granada		13,600,992	3,100,000

Burgundian

Statistics of the Burgundian Empire and Allies (1913) and enlisted soldiers during the war

Nation		Population	Total Mobilized personnel	Land (million km2)	GDP ($ billion)
Primary Nations
Burgundian Empire	Burgundy	55,091,912
	Guyana	18,001,902	1,200,000	407,460
	Kuba	3,190,300	300,000	37,120
	Maryland	3,831,923	350,000	104,960
Borealia	Borealia proper	53,129,830	3,400,000	311,340
	Total Colonies	219,200	35,000	9,520

Background

Commonwealth War

Despite centuries of conflict between the nations of Great Britain and Burgundy, generally referred to as the Anglo-Burgundian Wars, the main catalyst to the breakdown of their relations before the war was the Commonwealth War, in which Burgundy and Borealia successfully defeated New England and the other English colonies of Arcadia. The loss of English land to the Burgundians led to decades of animosity between the English and Burgundy/Borealia, with the Anglo-Arcadian Insurgency being carried out up to 1905, which saw nearly constant fighting between Borealian and New Englander groups across the region.

In the mid 1900s New England became nominated by John Custer and the Anglican Party, an ultranationalist party determined to avenge the defeat in the Commonwealth War, and liberate English territories. By 1905 New England was suffering major economic and political turmoil, largely as a result of the ongoing skirmishes throughout its territory, and a blockade that effectively ended all direct trade to New England by sea for 20 years. With this policy having failed, New England agreed to a treaty officially ending the insurgency, however, they used this time to recover and fully convert the nation toward a wartime economy capable of invading Borealia.

Russo-Arabian War

The Russo-Arabian War was a major conflict that partially overlapped with the Great War. Begun in 1910 with the Russian invasion of Artna, a vassal state of Arabia, the conflict soon attracted intervention from Belka and other states as well. Despite many Arcadian states, such as Borealia, supporting Arabia's side in the conflict, their involvement had an unintended inverse effect, with Belka's relationship toward Borealia souring. The conflict saw heavy fighting similar to the Great War, leading to many of the nation's involved learning valuable lessons for the upcoming global conflict. Additionally the war effectively ensured that the nation of Russia would not be in a position to intervene in the Great War.

Arms Race

Victory in the Commonwealth War and the rise of Borealia in the Arcadian continent led to a massive increase in the Burgundian empire's economic and industrial strength. Additionally the Burgundian victory at sea over Great Britain, solidified its position as the strongest navy in the world, but also prompted onlooking nations to prepare their own navies in the event of a future conflict. As Burgundy steadily increased its navy, so too did nations such as Belka and Great Britain. Their rationale was based on the ideas of Borealian naval strategist Alfred Mahan, who argued that whoever ruled the sea also ruled the world; the Burgundian Navy made Mahan required reading for its officers.

The result was the Global Naval Arms Race, which saw the great powers of the world competing to launch larger battleships, and create more formidable navies. With the launch of SMS Dreadnought in 1906, the Burgundian navy increased its advantage over its rivals and continued to do so, and by the outbreak of the war its active service battleships outnumbered any power in the world. By the end of 1913 Burgundy had completed 22 dreadnoughts, and was augmented by the Borealian Navy and its own growing list of ships, as well as the navies of its other dominions.

Casualties

(when the number of deaths in a country is disputed, a range of war losses is given)

(sources and details of figures are provided in the footnotes)

Nation	Population (1913)	Combat Deaths and Missing	Military wounded	Total Military deaths (from all causes)	Total Civilian deaths	Total deaths	Deaths as % of population
Entente and Allies
France	54,102,987	1,840,900	5,700,219	2,290,401	510,920	2,867,404
Belka	123,923,200	1,983,230	5,490,198	2,590,120	103,120	2,693,240	2.1%
Great Britain	43,205,239	525,102	2,001,932	691,002	140,180	831,182	1.92%
British Colonies		249,128	983,934	312,932	641,382	954,314
Uniõ de Cádiz	78,901,605	1,325,219	1,952,928	1,655,137	1,297	1,656,434	2.10%
New England	34,102,900	2,003,385	2,474,000	2,510,404	4,770,000	7,280,404	21.34%
Avalon	3,100,912	101,900	147,213	199,120	534,902	734,022	23.67%
Texas	9,670,412	333,570	400,412	577,003	201,239	778,242	8.4%
China Korea		1,621,937	4,901,993	1,992,391	298,391	2,290,782
New Granada	13,600,992	1,025,610	2,901,120	1,200,391	598,231	1,798,622	13.22%
Argentine	11,301,100	226,369	601,160	259,845	302,993	562,838	4.98%
Peru	5,600,719	38,170	59,883	44,102	30,002	74,104	1.32%
Burgundy and Allies
Burgundy	55,091,912	2,190,213	6,000,939	2,338,922	298,300	2,637,222
Burgundian Asia		624,409	2,008,233	702,998	120,890	923,888
Burgundian Africa		64,304	109,938	70,020	35,329	105,349
Borealia	53,129,830	636,632	2,401,293	720,912	100,329	821,241	1.55%
Brésil		328,974	1,204,239	402,389	98,398	500,787
Savannah	10,938,239	346,660	1,022,003	382,392	202,393	584,785	5.34%