The Heads of State and Government of Vinland have been from 1020 to the date the following:
Høvfdings of Vinland[]
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The Høvfdings, from Old Norse Hǫfðingi, were the paramount chiefs of Vinland from 1020-1607. At first elected by the Althing, the position became hereditary in 1116. Mistakenly called the kings and queens of Vinland by the first European chroniclers.
In summary:
- Elected Høvfdings (9 in total) 1020-1116
- Hjalmarids dynasty (12 in total: 11 men and 1 woman) 1116-1243
- Sudreim dynasty (14 in total: 11 men and 3 women) 1243-1404
- Roksvåg dynasty (19 in total: 15 men and 4 women) 1404-1607
In 1607 Vinland swears fidelity and homage to King Christian IV of Denmark and Norway.
Elected Høvfdings (1020-1116)
- Sweyn Pedersson (1020-1024)
- Sigurd Gormsson (1029-1032)
- Thorfinn Leifsson (1034-1038)
- Hjalmar Hjalmarsson (1042-1052)
- Leif Sverrisson (1053-1066)
- Thorstein Svendsson (1068-1082)
- Erik Haralsson (1088-1097)
- Sidgurd Olvavsson (1100-1107)
- Sweyn Hjalmarsson (1107-1116)
Hjalmarids dynasty or the House of Hjalmar (1116-1243)
- Hjalmar I Sweynsson (1116-1120)
- Sverre I (1120-1135)
- Sidgurd (1135-1149)
- Hrothgar (1149-1157)
- Erik I (1157-1169)
- Pjetur I (1157-1181)
- Hjalmar II (1181-1196)
- Harald I (1196-1184)
- Yngve I (1202-1206)
- Sweyn I (1206-1220)
- Haakon I (1220-1234)
- Dagvard (1234-1242)
- Freydis I (f, 1242-1243)
Sudreim dynasty (1243-1404)
- Erik II (1243-1260)
- Magnus (1260-1270)
- Olav I (1270-1274)
- Sverre II (1274-1289)
- Freydis II (f, 1289-1298)
- Sigurd (1298-1304)
- Harald II (1304-1311)
- Pjetur II (1311-1237)
- Gustav I (1337-1340)
- Sverre III (1340-1361)
- Harald III (1361-1367)
- Sweyn II (1367-1384)
- Kristjana I (f, 1384-1392)
- Saenadis I (f, 1392-1404)
Roksvåg dynasty (1404-1607)
- Yngve II (1404-1409)
- Hagen (1409-1419)
- Harald IV (1419-1436)
- Sweyn III (1436-1439)
- Freydis III (f, 1439-1458)
- Pjetur III (1458-1476)
- Sverre IV (1476-1485)
- Olav II (1485-1492)
- Yngve III (1492-1504)
- Kristjana I (f, 1504-1518)
- Haakon II (1518-1521)
- Sweyn IV (1521-1536)
- Ingeborg (f, 1536-1552)
- Pjetur IV (1552-1557)
- Saenadis II (1557-1570)
- Gustav II (1570-1576)
- Áshildr (f, 1576-1589)
- Erik III (1589-1598)
- Erik IV (1598-1607)
Kings of Vinland[]
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In 1607 Vinland became part of the Kingdom of Denmark, Sweden and Norway. In 1806 personal union of Norway and Denmark is ended with Vinland been kept by the Danisn crown. In 1876 is officially declared in personal union with the Realm of Denmark as the Kingdom of Vinland. The Vinnish Constitutional crisis of 1905 lead to a referendum and declaration of independence as the Republic of Vinland.
Tiles:
- King of Denmark, Norway, etc. (1524–1814)
- King of Denmark (1814-1906)
- King of Denmark and Norway
- Christian IV 1588-1648 (House of Oldenburg)
- Frederick III 1648-1670
- Christian V 1670-1699
- Frederick IV 1699-1730
- Christian VI 1730-1746
- Frederick V 1746-1766
- Christian VII 1766-1806
- Frederick VI 1806-1814
- Kings of Denmark
- Frederick VI 1814-1839 (House of Oldenburg)
- Christian VIII 1839-1848
- Frederick VII 1848-1863
- Christian IX 1863-1906 (House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg)
Governor and Governor-General[]
The Governor (1607-1852) and Governor-General (Danish: Rigsstatholder 1852-1905), is appointed by the Danish monarch and later on advise of His Cabinet, as the executive authority and his representative to oversee the internal affairs of Vinland, being also the head of the colonial administration. He also the commander-in-chief of the armed forces of Vinland.
Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Vinland[]
The Prime Minister and the cabinet were named by the king based on the party or coalition that had or could command a majority of votes in the Odelsting, the lower chamber of the Vinnish Storting. The King had partial and absolute veto. In the former it could suspend legislation for a year. With the exception of money bills that required the approval by the Odelsting, both chambers had similar legislative powers.
Heads of State and Government of the Republic of Vinland[]
President of the Republic of Vinland[]
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The President of the Republic of Vinland is elected for a six-year term with no term limits. The president is directly elected by secret ballot using the instant-runoff voting, the single-winner analogue of the Single Transferable Vote. The president assumes office on the first day of the month following the election.
The President of Vinland is a largely ceremonial head of state, but may veto laws voted by the Althing and may put them to a national referendum. The President exercises certain limited powers with absolute discretion such as dissolving the Althing and calling for elections, appointing the Prime Minister and its Cabinet, refer bills and international treaties to the people via referendum, referral of bills to the Supreme Court, address the Althing and the Nation and may convene a meeting of the Althing.
Before the reform of 1961 the president was elected indirectly by an electoral assembly made up of electors chosen by voters in the same number as the Althing, and the members of the Althing. On the first presidential election of 1905 Sverre Jakobsson was the defacto consensual all-party candidate winning in the first voting round of the Constituent Assembly.
Uncontested presidential elections, where there was only one candidate registered, were the election of 1941 where Olafur Ellingboe was the All party consensual candidate due to the war; Bragi Olavsson in 1974 due the opposition not presenting candidates; and Ailin Philipsdotte in 2006 as the consensual all-party candidate after the Kommerz scandal and resignation of Geirr Sjöberg.
Of the 17 presidents, three have been women, counting the present one (Siv Rolvsson). Vigdis Gunnarsdóttir was the first women electec president in 1992. Only three had not finished their mandate: one resigned due to health issues, one died in office and one resigned for political reasons before impeachment procedures were voted by the Althing.
| Presidential election | Elected President | Party | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1905 | Sverre Jakobsson | Independent (no party) | All party consensual candidate |
| 1909 | Erik Stokke-Borgen | Republican Party, later National Party | |
| 1915 | Erik Stokke-Borgen | National Party | |
| 1921 | Leif Sorensen | Radical Progressive Party | Resigned over health issues |
| 1923 | Oda Nesteng | National Party | |
| 1929 | Snorri Jacobsen | Agrarian Party | |
| 1935 | Vilhelm Sveinsson | Free People's Party | |
| 1941 | Olafur Ellingboe | Independent (no party) | Uncontested election. All party consensual candidate |
| 1947 | Trygve Kristoffersen | Radical Progressive Party | Died in office |
| 1950 | Tróndr Tórirsson | Radical Progressive Party | |
| 1956 | Sigmundr Strandberg | Moderate Party | |
| 1962 | Halldór Paulsen | Labor Party | First direct presidential election |
| 1968 | Bragi Olavsson | Moderate Party | |
| 1974 | Bragi Olavsson | Moderate Party | Reelected in uncontested election. Only candidate registered for the election |
| 1980 | Christoffer Lang | Moderate Party | |
| 1986 | Christoffer Lang | Moderate Party | |
| 1992 | Vigdis Gunnarsdóttir (f) | Labor Party | First woman president |
| 1998 | Vigdis Gunnarsdóttir (f) | Labor Party | |
| 2004 | Geirr Sjöberg | National | Resigned (Kommerz scandal) |
| 2006 | Ailin Philipsdotter (f) | Independent (no party) | Uncontested election. All party consensual candidate |
| 2012 | Ailin Philipsdotter (f) | Independent (no party) | |
| 2018 | Siv Rolvsson (f) | Labor Party |
The Prime Minster of the Republic of Vinland[]
The Prime Minister, the head of government, is appointed formally by the President and exercises executive authority and government policy along with the cabinet subject to parliamentary support.
The Prime Minister is appointed by the President after a general election to the Althing. However, the appointment and election of the Prime Minister is usually negotiated by the leaders of the political parties, who decide among themselves after discussions which parties can form the cabinet and how to distribute its seats, under the condition that it has majority support in the Althing. Only when the party leaders are unable to reach a conclusion by themselves within a reasonable time span (one month after the election of the Althing or a successful vote of no confidence against the Prime Minister and Cabinet) does the President directly exercises the power to appoint the Prime Minister. The ministerial cabinet is appointed by the President on advice of the Prime Minister.
| Elections Althing | Prime Minister | Party | Government Coalition | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1905 | 1905 | Gøran Holgersen | Left Reform Party | All party | |
| 1909 | 1909 | Tryggvi Gunvaldsen | NL / National Party | NL + K + R (later all National) | |
| 1913 | National majority | Tryggvi Gunvaldsen | National Party | National | |
| 1917 | Tryggvi Gunvaldsen | National Party | National + SKrP | ||
| 1921 | 1921 | Christian Nyberg | Radical Progressive Party | Radical Progressive minority government with support from Labor | |
| 1923 | Jóhannes Martinsen | Radical Progressive Party | Radical Progressive minority government with support from Labor | ||
| 1925 | Agrarian Majority | 1926 | Henrik Kaspersen | Agrarian Party | Agrarian + National + SKrP |
| 1929 | 1929 | Henrik Kaspersen | Agrarian Party | Agrarian + National + SKrP | |
| 1930 | 1930 | Hjalmar Hoffsen | Radical Progressive Party | Agrarian + Radical Progressive | |
| 1931 | Artur Knudsvig | Free People's Party | Agrarian + National + New Democracy / Social Credit + Free People's | ||
| 1934 | Joint List (Felles liste) Agrarian + Free People's + National + Social Credit | 1934 | Artur Knudsvig | Free People's Party | Agrarian + National + Social Credit + Free People's |
| 1938 | 1938 | Ketill Lorenzen | Agrarian Party | Agrarian + National + Social Credit + Free People's | |
| 1940 | Halfdan Tomasson | Radical Progressive Party | All party (Agrarian + Radical Progresive + National + Free People's + Labor) with support from SKrP | ||
| 1942 | Halfdan Tomasson | Radical Progressive Party | All party (Agrarian + Radical Progresive + National + Free People's + Labor) with support from SKrP | ||
| 1945 | 1945 | Peder Rønnin | Labor Party | Labor + Radical Progressive | |
| 1949 | Peder Rønnin | Labor Party | Labor + Radical Progressive | ||
| 1953 | Labor majority | 1953 | Oscar Andreassen | Labor Party | Labor majority |
| 1957 | Oscar Andreassen | Labor Party | Labor majority | ||
| 1961 | Oscar Andreassen | Labor Party | Labor majority | ||
| 1963 | Snorri Omdahl | Labor Party | Labor majority | ||
| 1965 | 1965 | Trygve Stensson | Moderate Party | Moderate + Radical Progressive + National | |
| 1969 | Trygve Stensson | Moderate Party | Moderate + Radical Progressive + National | ||
| 1973 | 1973 | Leif Pórdarson | Labor Party | Labor | |
| 1976 | Hálfdan Smerud | Moderate Party | Moderate | ||
| 1976 | 1976 | Christoffer Hofland | Moderate Party | Moderate + Radical Progressive | |
| 1978 | Oskar Eriksson | Moderate Party | Moderate + National | ||
| 1980 | Moderate majority | 1980 | Johannes Salverson | Moderate Party | Moderate + National |
| 1984 | Johannes Salverson | Moderate Party | Moderate + National | ||
| 1988 | 1988 | Hilda Thorsdóttir (f) | Labor Party | Labor + Radical Progressive | |
| 1992 | 1992 | Leifur Eliassen | Moderate Party | Moderate + Radical Progressive + National | |
| 1995 | Labor majority | 1995 | Marie Jorgensdottie (f) | Labor Party | Labor |
| 1999 | Marie Jorgensdottir (f) | Labor Party | Labor | ||
| 2003 | 2003 | Halla Ketilsdóttir (f) | Moderate Party | Moderate + Radical Progressive + National | |
| 2006 | 2006 | Valter Snorrason | Labor Party | Labor + Green | |
| 2010 | Valter Snorrason | Labor Party | Labor + Socialist Left | ||
| 2014 | Valter Snorrason | Labor Party | Labor + Socialist Left | ||
| 2018 | 2018 | Lisbeth Guldbrandsen (f) | Moderate Party | Moderate + Radical Progressive + Green | |
| 2022 | Lisbeth Guldbrandsen (f) | Moderate Party | Moderate + Radical Progressive + Green | ||
Ministries[]
- Ministry of the State Administration (by convention the portfolio of the President of the Council of Minister, i.e. prime minister)
- Ministry of Defence
- Ministry of Finance
- Ministry of Interior and Church Affairs
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- Ministry of Justice
- Ministry of Health
- Ministry of Commerce and Shipping - Former Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Shipping
- Ministry of Culture
- Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries - Former ministries of Agriculture and of Fisheries
- Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs
- Ministry of Education and Research
- Ministry of Construction and Housing
- Ministry of Climate and Environment
- Ministry of Petroleum and Energy
- Ministry of Skræling Relations
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