POD
The POD for this history is the death of Henry II of England almost immediately after his coronation. The death of the last son of William the Conqueror in 1134 opens the door for the Counts of Champagne and the Scottish House of Canmore to lay claim to the throne of England. A succession crisis in 1201 allows the House of Canmore to expand from Northumbria over all England for almost a century. The Anglo-Scottish succession crisis of 1290 allows the Franco-Navarrese line to conquer England. Scotland never recovers England. In 1328, France and Navarre-England part ways until 1589. The last monarchs of Navarre and England are Joan III of Navarre and England, a staunch Calvinist. and Henry III of Navarre and VII of England, better known as Henry IV of France, who said "Paris is worth a Mass".
Detailed History
On August 1, three sons of William the Conqueror lived; on August 6, only one survived. On William II Rufus of England died in a hunting accident. According to the treaty between William II and his brother Robert Duke of Normandy, Robert should have succeeded immediately to the throne of England. Since Robert was returning from the First Crusade, Robert's youngest brother Henry Beauclerc compelled the barons to swear fealty to him on August 5. Henry Beauclerc died in his bed that night, which many attributed to divine punishment. On August 6, the English barons recognized Robert as King of England. The Scots, however, recognized their elderly kinsmen Edgar Atheling as King of England. The Scottish claim passed to David I of Scotland in 1125.
In 1128, William Clito, son of Robert I of England, died, leaving the House of Normandy without a male heir. Robert I appointed his nephew Theobald of Champagne as his heir to England and Normandy. In 1134, Robert I of England died. Theobald of Champagne and Boulogne now claimed the Duchy of Normandy and the Kingdom of England, but David I, King of the Scots and Earl of Northumbria, insisted that the Papal decree issued to William the Conqueror applied only to the House of Normandy. Therefore the King of Scotland was ruler of Scotland and England. David I of Scotland controlled Scotland and Northumbria, while Theobald I controlled England south of the Humber.
In 1201, Theobald II, king of England, duke of Normandy, count of Champagne and Boulogne, died, leaving a pregnant wife and ambitious relatives. The ensuing fracas enabled William III of England and I of Scotland to conquer England south of the Humber.
In 1234, Theobald, duke of Normandy, count of Champagne and Boulogne, formerly Theobald III of England, became Theobald I, King of Navarre.
Scottish domination of England ended forever in 1290 when Margaret, Maid of Norway, Queen of Scots and English, perished in a sea-crossing. The fourteen claimants to the Anglo-Scottish throne fought a civil war that allowed Franco-Navarrese forces under Joan I, Queen of Navarre, to sieze all England. At this time, female succession of the crown was acknowledged in England.
In 1314, Louis I of Navarre and England became Louis X of France. This triple crown lasted only until 1328, when the similarities between the inheritance of the English and the Navarran crown led to their continued unification until 1789, excepting 1441-1479. The Navarran dialect and culture had great impact on the cultured strata of the English language.
[1328 would be a good secondary POD if Salic law is held to apply in England and the Valois become kings of both lands]
In 1441, John II of Aragon declareD himself King of England for life and maintained this position until 1471 except for 1457-1461, when John's son Charles Prince of Viana, was Charles IV of England.
Henry II of Navarre and VI of England (1512-1555) was a moderate supporter of the Huguenots in both his realms. His daughter Joan III of Navarre and England (1555-1572), however, was a staunch Calvinist and declared Calvinism the religion in both her kingdoms. Her son, Henry III of Navarre and VII of England (1572-1610) was raised as a Calvinist and became Henry IV of France in 1589. Henry converted to Catholicism, but issued the Edict of Toleration, which allowed Protestantism in Navarre and England.
In 1610, Henry II of Navarre, VI of England, and IV of France died. His son became Louis II of Navarre and England and XIII of France. Under the influence of his mother and Cardinal Richelieu, Louis revoked the Edict of Toleration and persecuted the Huguenots. Many fled to the Calvinist court of James VI of Scotland or to colonies in the New World. Louis also elminated Navarre as an independent kingdom.
Timeline
1100 Aug 2 William II Rufus of England dies. Aug 5 Henry II Beauclerc is crowned as King of England in contravention of the agreement between his brothers. Henry dies in his sleep that night. Aug 6 The English barons agree to accept Robert of Normandy as King of England. But the Scots refute treaties with the Norman dynasty and recognize Edgar Atheling (1051-1125) as king.
1125 Edgar Atheling dies. Although David I of Scotland claims the English throne as well as the Earldom of Northumbria, the Norman succession seems secure.
1128 Jul 28 William Clito, son of Robert I of England, dies. Robert I recognizes his nephew Theobald of Champagne and of Boulogne.
1134 Feb 2 Robert I, King of England and Duke of Normandy, dies. Theobald of Champagne becomes Theobald I of England.
1152 Theobald I dies. His son becomes Henry III of England.
1153 May 24 Alexander I of Scotland and England dies. His grandson becomes Malcolm IV of Scotland and I of England.
1165 Dec 9 Malcolm IV & I dies. His brother becomes William I of Scotland & III of England.
1181 Henry III of England dies. His son becomes Henry IV of England.
1192 Henry IV of England becomes King of Jerusalem. He abdicates the throne of England in favor of his brother Theobald II of England.
1201 Theobald II of England, dies. His posthumous son becomes Theobald III of England.
1201-1222 Civil war in England and Champagne allow Scottish annexation of southern England.
c. 1201-1290 England is completely under Scots Rule.
1214 Dec 4 William I & III dies. His son becomes Alexander II of Scotland and England.
1234 Theobald ex-III of England inherits the Kingdom of Navarre.
1249 Jul 6 Alexander II dies. His son becomes Alexander III of Scotland and England.
1253 Theobald ex-III of England & I of Navarre dies. His son becomes Theobald II of Navarre (IV of England)
1270 Dec 4 Theobald II (IV) dies. His brother becomes Henry I of Navarre (V of England)
1274 Henry I of Navarre (V of England) dies. His daughter Jeanne becomes Joan I of Navarre (I of England). Navarre passes into the French royal demesne.
1286 Mar 19 Alexander III of Scotland and England dies. Margaret Maid of Norway becomes Margaret I of Scotland and England.
1290 Margaret I of Scotland and England dies. Civil War ensues. The Anglo-Scottish throne has fourteen candidates. The English throne is claimed by Joan I of Navarre and the French princes via Theobald II of England and by Henry II of Cyprus via Theobald’s brother Henry IV of England. The French forces win.
c. 1290-1328 Frenco-Navarrese rule of England.
1305 Apr 2 Joan I of Navarre and England dies. Her son Louis becomes Louis I of Navarre and England.
1314 Nov 29 Philip IV of France dies. His son Louis I of Navarre and England becomes also Louis X of France.
1316 June 5 Louis X of France & I of Navarre and England dies. Nov. 15 John I of France, Navarre, and England is born. Nov. 20 John I of France, Navarre, and England dies. His uncle becomes Philip V of France, II of Navarre, and I of England.
1322 Jan 3 Philip V & II & I dies. His brother becomes Charles IV of France and I of Navarre and England.
1328 Feb. 1 Charles IV & I & I dies. His uncle becomes Philip VI of France. The daughter of Charles IV of France and I of Navarre & England becomes Joan II of Navarre & England.
1328-1441 England under Navarran rule.
1349 Joan II of Navarre & England dies. Her son becomes Charles II of Navarre & France.
1387 Charles II of Navarre & England dies. His son becomes Charles III of Navarre & France.
1425 Charles III of Navarre & England dies. His daughter becomes Blanche I of Navarre & England.
1441 Blanche I of Navarre & England dies. Her husband John II of Aragon claims Navarre & England (as John II & II) for life.
1441-1479 England under Aragonese rule.
1457 Blanche’s son Charles is given England to rule as Charles IV.
1461 Charles IV of England dies (poisoned?). John II of Aragon seizes control again.
1479 John II of Aragon, Navarre, and England dies. His daughter Eleanor of Navarre & England is briefly Queen, then her grandson Francis Phoebus of Foix as Francis I of Navarre & England. Aragon passes to Ferdinand II.
1479-1589 England under Navarrese rule.
1483 Francis I of Navarre & England dies. His sister becomes Catherine I of Navarre & England.
1512 Catherine I of Navarre & England dies. Her son becomes Henry II of Navarre & VI of England.
1555 Henry II of Navarre & VI of England dies. His daughter becomes Joan III of Navarre and England.
1572 Joan III of Navarre & England, a staunch Calvinist, dies. Her son becomes Henry III of Navarre & VII of England.
1589 Henry III of Navarrre & VII of England becomes also Henry IV of France.
1589-? England under Franco-Navarrese rule.
1610 May 14 Henry III & VII & IV dies. His son becomes Louis II of Navarre and England and XIII of France.
1789 The (Anglo-?)French Revolution begins.