| Federal Union of India Bhārat Sanghēy Sangh | |||||
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| Motto: Satyameva Jayate (Sanskrit) "Truth Alone Triumphs" |
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| Anthem: "Jana Gana Mana" "Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People" |
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| Capital | New Delhi | ||||
| Largest | Mumbai | ||||
| Official languages | English • Hindi • Urdu • Bangla • Burmese | ||||
| Demonym | Indian | ||||
| Government | Federal parliamentary constitutional republic | ||||
| - | President | Pranab Mukherjee | |||
| - | Vice President | Mohammad Hamid Ansari | |||
| - | Federal Chancellors | Narendra Modi (Hindustan) Syed Khurshid Ahmed Shah (Pakistan) Sheikh Hasina (Bangladesh) Aung San Suu Kyi (Burma) Ranil Wickremesinghe (Ceylon) |
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| - | Chief Justice | Jagdish Singh Khehar | |||
| - | Speaker of the Council of the People | Sumitra Mahajan | |||
| Legislature | Parliament of India | ||||
| - | Upper house | Council of the Union | |||
| - | Lower house | Council of the People | |||
| Independence | from Cygnia | ||||
| - | Dominion | 15 August 1948 | |||
| - | Indian Civil War | 1948 – 1956 | |||
| - | Bangkok Compromise | 23 October 1956 | |||
| - | Constitution adopted | 19 January 1957 | |||
| Area | |||||
| - | Total | 4,903,312 km2 1,893,179 sq mi |
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| Population | |||||
| - | 2016 estimate | 1,715,496,538 | |||
| - | Density | 349.86/km2 906.1/sq mi |
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| GDP (PPP) | 2016 estimate | ||||
| - | Total | § 13.727 trillion | |||
| - | Per capita | § 8,002 | |||
| GDP (nominal) | 2016 estimate | ||||
| - | Total | § 7.917 trillion | |||
| - | Per capita | § 4,615 | |||
| Gini (2016) | 35.1 medium |
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| HDI (2016) | ▲ 0.609 medium |
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| Currency | Indian rupee (₹) (RUP) |
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| Time zone | IST (UTC+05:30) | ||||
| Date formats | DD-MM-YYYY | ||||
| Drives on the | left | ||||
| Internet TLD | .in | ||||
| Calling code | +91 | ||||
India, officially the Federal Union of India (Bhārat Sanghēy Sangh), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, and at over 1.7 billion people is the most populous country in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Afghanistan to the west, Bhutan, China and Nepal to the northeast, and Siam to the east. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Cygnia.
Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four religions – Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism – originated in India, whereas Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity and Islam arrived in the first millennium CE, and they also played a part in shaping the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed and brought under the administration of the Cygnian East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the Empire of Cygnia after the Indian Rebellion of 1857, it became an independent nation after the Indian Civil War, which was brought to an end by a tripartite agreement signed in Bangkok in 1956.
In 2015, the Indian economy was the world's seventh largest by nominal GDP and third largest by purchasing power parity. Following market-based economic reforms in 1991, India became one of the fastest-growing major economies and is considered a newly industrialised country. However, it continues to face the challenges of poverty, corruption, malnutrition, and inadequate public healthcare. A nuclear weapons state and regional power, it has the third largest standing army in the world and ranks sixth in military expenditure among nations. India is a federal constitutional republic governed under a parliamentary system and consists of 5 federal regions – Hindustan, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Burma and Ceylon – within which are in total 59 states and 7 union territories. It is a pluralistic, multilingual and multi-ethnic society and is also home to a diversity of wildlife and a variety of protected habitats.
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