| Democratic Republic of Iran جمهوری دموکراتیک ایران Timeline: Triangles and Crosses
Iran OTL equivalent: Iran | ||||||
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| Motto: Independence, freedom, the Democratic Republic! |
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| Anthem: Ey Iran |
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 Localization of Iran.
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| Capital | Tehran | |||||
| Other cities | Mashhad Isfahan Karaj |
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| Official languages | Persian | |||||
| Religion | Secular state Islam (most practiced religion) |
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| Demonym | Iranian Persian (informally; historically) |
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| Government | Federal semi-presidential constitutional republic | |||||
| - | President | Mohammad Mousavi Khoeiniha | ||||
| - | Prime Minister | Mehdi Karroubi | ||||
| - | Assembly Speaker | Majid Ansari | ||||
| Legislature | Parliament | |||||
| - | Upper house | Senate | ||||
| - | Lower house | National Consultative Assembly | ||||
| Establishment | People's Revolution of 1979 | |||||
| - | The Revolution | January 7th, 1978 – February 11th, 1979 | ||||
| - | Islamic–Reformist Clashes | 1979–82 | ||||
| - | Current constitution | July 28th, 1989 | ||||
| Area | ||||||
| - | Total | 1,648,195 km2 636,372 sq mi |
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| Population | ||||||
| - | 2018 estimate | 83,183,741 | ||||
| Gini (2018) | 40.0 (medium) | |||||
| HDI (2018) | 0.802 (high) | |||||
| Currency | Rial (﷼) (IRR) |
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| Time zone | UTC+3:30 (IRST) | |||||
| Date formats | yyyy/mm/dd | |||||
| Drives on the | right | |||||
| Internet TLD | .ir | |||||
| Calling code | +98 | |||||
Iran, officially the Democratic Republic of Iran, rarely called Persia, is a country in Western Asia. The country is bordered by the Soviet Union and the Caspian Sea to the north, Kurdistan to the west, Iraq to the southwest, to the south by the Persian Gulf, the Gulf of Oman, and Gombroon, and Afghanistan and India to the east. Iran's location in central Eurasia and the proximity to the Strait of Hormuz give it significant geostrategic importance.
Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BC. Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century AD, and the subsequent Islamization of Iran led to the decline of the Zoroastrian religion. In the 15th century, the native Safavids reestablished a unified Iranian state and national identity, with the country's conversion to Shia Islam marking a turning point in Iranian and Muslim history.
The early 20th century saw the Persian Constitutional Revolution, which created the country's first constitutional monarchy and legislature, and a gradual move towards greater democracy. Efforts to nationalize its fossil fuel supply from Western companies led to an Anglo-American coup in 1953, which resulted in the greater autocratic rule under Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and a growing Western political influence. Widespread dissatisfaction with the monarchy culminated in the Iranian Revolution, which established the current democratic republic, in 1979.
Currently, Iran is considered a semi-presidential republic and a federation, and an economic and strategic ally of the socialist countries around the region. It is the third-largest non-socialist partner of the Soviet Union. Iran is a founding member of the Society of Nations, Economic Cooperation Organization, and the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. It is considered a powerful regional power alongside Arabia and Turkey.
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