Italian Socialist Republic (No to Nazism)

Italian Republic, formed name Italian Socialist Republic
Repubblica Italiana, formed name Repubblica Socialista Italiana
Timeline: No to Nazism
OTL equivalent: Italy and Istria

Flag Coat of Arms Location of Italian Republic, formed name Italian Socialist Republic Motto Per la Repubblica! ("For the Republic!")
Anthem	"L'Inno di Mameli o Il Canto degli Italiani"
Capital	Rome
Largest city	Rome, Naples, Venice, Florence, Turin, Genoa, Milan, Palermo and Cagliari
Other cities	Mogadiscio, Asmara, Rodi and Tripoli
Language   official	Italian
others	Arab and Greek
Religion   main	Roman Catholicism
others	Islam, Judaism and others
Government	Presidential Republic
President of the Republic	Alcide De Gasperi
President of the Council	Nicolà Bombacci
Area	310,196 km²
Population	42.943.602
Established	1922
Independence	from Kingdom of Italy
declared	1922
Currency	Italian Lira
Time Zone	GT +2
Organizations	Leagle of the Nations

The Repubblica Socialista Italiana

The Repubblica Italiana was formed in 1922, After the riots of 1922, the Kingdom of Italy lived years of crisis. Established in 1922 is a referendum, options were Kingdom of Italy or the Republic, the people chose the Republic with 12,717,923 votes in favor. After a constitutional assembly and after the creation of the Constitution Italian people voted for the President of the Republic, which was Ivanoe Bonomi and after seven years Palmiro Togliatti. In 1936 he reopened the elections, candidates are three: The PCI Palmiro Togliatti, Alcide De Gasperi of DC and Enrico De Nicola of PLI. In the end the people choose Benito Mussolini.

Geography and the Territory

To the north it bordered France, Switzerland, Austria and Jugoslavia along the Alps. To the south it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia – the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea – and many other smaller islands. The independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italy, whilst Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland. It also had colonies in Africa of Libya, Eritrea, and Somalia.

The Government

Formally and according to the Italian Constitution (Costituzione Italiana) was organized in the following way:

• President of the Republic (Presidente della Repubblica), elected by the People every seven years. The post was held by Benito Mussolini.
• The Parliament has a bicameral system, and consists of the Chamber of deputies and the Senate, nominated by the President of the Council every five years.
• The Chamber of deputies is nominated by the President of the Council. There are 630 deputies, twelve of which are elected in the overseas constituencies.
• The Senate is nominated by the President of the Council. There are 300 senators, six of whom are elected in the overseas constituencies. There are also a number of senators for life, such as former Presidents or citizens appointed by the President, during his term in office, for having brought honor to the nation with their achievements.
• President of the Council (Presidente del Consiglio), nominated by the President of the Republic, nominated the Minister of state.They were responsible for the administration of the RSI. Nicolà Bombacci is the new President of the Council.
• The Constitution establishes the Government of Italy as composed of the Prime Minister (President of the Council) and Ministers. The President of Italy appoints the Prime Minister and, on his proposal, the Ministers that form its cabinet. The appointee can be the leader of the majority coalition that won the election, or it can be a person instructed by the President to form a national unity government in times of crisis for the nation. Either way, the government must receive the confidence of both Houses, so the Executive derives its legitimacy from the Parliament and the great number of political parties forces the Prime Minister to bend to their will. If the majority coalition no longer supports the government, the Prime Minister can be ousted with a vote of no confidence, and a new government must be formed, or new elections scheduled.
• The Constitution states that justice is administered in the name of the people and that judges are subject only to the law. So the judiciary is a branch that is completely autonomous and independent of all other branches of power, even though the Minister of Justice is responsible for the organization and functioning of those services involved with justice and has the power to originate disciplinary actions against judges, which are then administered by the High Council of the Judiciary, presided over by the President.
• There is only partial judicial review of legislation in the American sense. Judicial review exists under certain conditions, established by the Constitutional Law, in the Constitutional Court, or Corte Costituzionale, which can reject anti-constitutional laws after scrutiny. When the Court declares a law unconstitutional, the law ceases to have effect the day after the publication of the ruling.
• The Constitutional Court is composed of 15 judges, one of which is the President of the Italian Constitutional Court elected from the court itself. One third of the judges are appointed by the President of the Italian Republic, one-third are elected by Parliament and one-third are elected by the ordinary and administrative supreme courts.
• According to the Constitution, any citizen that is fifty on the day of the election, and enjoys civil and political rights, can be elected President. The President cannot hold office in any other branch of power, and the office's salary and privileges are established by law.
• In addition to powers inherent in being a member of the cabinet, the prime minister holds specific powers, most notably being able to nominate a list of cabinet ministers to be appointed by the President of the Republic and the countersigning of all legislative instruments having the force of law that are signed by the President of the Republic.
• Often the Prime Minister's activity consists more in mediating between the various parties in the majority coalition, rather than directing the activity of the Council of Ministers. The Prime Minister's supervisory power is further limited by the lack of any formal authority to fire ministers, although a cabinet reshuffle, or sometimes even an 'individual vote of no confidence' on the part of Parliament, may in practice provide a surrogate measure.
• The Ministers are 16

Ministers with portfolio
Minister of the Interior	Dino Grandi
Minister of Foreign Affairs	Galeazzo Ciano
Minister of Defense	Italo Balbo
Minister of Justice	Emilio De Bono
Minister of Economy and Finance	Cesare Maria De Vecchi
Minister of Economic Development	Michele Bianchi
Minister of Infrastructures and Transports	Giovanni Antonio Colonna di Cesarò
Minister of Agriculture, Food and Forestry Policies	Edmondo Rossoni
Minister of Education, Universities and Research	Giovanni Gentile
Minister of Labour and Social Policy	Guido Jung
Minister of the Environment, Protection of Land and Sea	Giuseppe Sirianni
Minister of Heritage and Cultural Activities and Tourism	Carlo Favagrossa
Minister of Health	Paolo Thaon di Revel
Ministers without portfolio
Minister for Constitutional Reforms and Parliamentary Relations	Felice Guarnieri
Minister for Simplification of Public Administration	Giuseppe Belluzo

The Administrative organization

Italy was divided into Provinces and communes. The Provinces are in charge of a Prefect, named by the Ministry of Interior, who was in charge of all aspects of the state administration and public order. The chief magistrate of a commune is a Mayor, named by the Citizens of a City or in special case by a prefect. He was assisted by a Municipal Consult, composed of sex councilors named by the Mayor. Rome has a Mayor, named by the Citizens of Rome, assisted by a consult of Rome of 12 councilors named by the Mayor.

Each of the Italian African territories were in charge of a General Governors, named by Head of the Republic. In Libya, the districts are in charge of a Prefect. The districts of Eritrea and Somaliland are in charge of Governors. All political chiefs are named by the Citizens. The large cities or the capital have a Mayor, who is elected by the Citizens in Libya, Eritrea and Somaliland.

Media

All news media and licensed by the Ministry of Culture (Ministero della Cultura). The most reading newspapers was the Corriere della Sera, the Repubblica, the Sole 24 ORE, the Messaggero, the Gazzetta dello Sport, Tuttosport and the Secolo XIX. Printed media of the Catholic Church is free to publish. The official news agency was Agenzia Stefani.

The radio is a state monopoly of the Radio Televisione Italiana (RAI), but they are some local radio or regional radio.

Armed forces and internal security

The Italian Armed Forces (Forze Armate Italiane) are organized in:

• Italian Army (Esercito Italiano, or E.I.) : 401.794 Military
• Marina Militare italiana (Marina Militare Italiana o M.M.I.) : 131.989 Military

• Italian Military Air Force (Aeronautica Militare Italiana or A.M.I.) : 102.117 Military
• Army of the Carabinieri (Arma dei Carabinieri or A.C.) : 303.893 Carabinieri
• Financial Guard (Guardia di Finanza or G.d.F.) : 302.335 Guard

The internal security and police were in charge of:

• Army of the Carabinieri (Arma dei Carabinieri or A.C.) : 303.893 Carabinieri
• Police of State (Polizia di Stato or P.S.) : 95.000 Policeman
• African Police of State (Polizia di Stato dell'Africa or P.S.A.) : 7.400 Policeman
• Financial Guard (Guardia di Finanza or G.d.F.) : 302.335 Guard