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Kingdom of Italy
Regno d'Italia
مملكة ايطاليا
Βασίλειο της Ιταλίας
Timeline: Springtime of Nations
OTL equivalent: Majority of Italy, Libya, Somalia, Gibraltar, parts of France, Slovenia, Croatia, Greece, Cyprus, Suez Canal Zone, Yemen, Tunisia, Algeria, Niger, Chad, Ethiopia, and Maldives
Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned Greater coat of arms of the Kingdom of Italy, 1870–1890
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: 
"Per l'onore d'Italia"
For the honour of Italy
Anthem: 
"Giovinezza"

ItalyMap11.12.23SoN
Capital
(and largest city)
Rome
Official languages Italian
Other recognized languages Arabic • Greek • English • Albanian • Croatian • Slovenian
Religion 60.0% Christianity

8.6% no religion
29.1% Islam

2.0% other
Demonym(s) Italian
Government Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
 -  King Umberto II
 -  Prime Minister Sergio Mattarella
Legislature Parliament
 -  Upper house Senate
 -  Lower house Chamber of Deputies
Area
 -  Total 3,059,737.5 km2 (10th)
1,181,371 sq mi 
Population
 -  2023 estimate 89.571.765 
 -  Density 597.55/km2 (10th)
1,547.6/sq mi
GDP (PPP) 2023 estimate
 -  Total $3.289 trillion (12th)
 -  Per capita $56,068 (31st)
GDP (nominal) 2023 estimate
 -  Total $2.974 trillion (10th)
 -  Per capita $43,615 (25th)
Gini (2021) 37.8 
HDI (2021) 0.833 
Currency Lira (₤) (ITL)
Time zone IST (UTC+05:30)
DST is not observed.
Date formats dd/mm/yyyy
Drives on the right
Internet TLD .it
Calling code +39

Italy (Italian: Italia), officially the Kingdom of Italy (Italian: Regno d'Italia), is a country located primarily in Southern Europe, Western Europe and the Balkans, it also includes territories in Africa and Asia. The Italian Realm composes of Metropolitan Italy, and Overseas Italy. Metropolitan Italy is bordered by France to the west, Switzerland, and Germany to the north, and Slovenia, Croatia, and Serbia and Montenegro to the east. It encompasses the microstates of Monaco, Vatican City, and San Marino. Overseas Italy is bordered by Tunisia, and Egypt by Libya, Somaliland, Puntland, Kenya, Ethiopia, (and Somali-Harrar), by Somalia, the Ischilir Union, and Egypt and Sudan by the Suez Canal Zone, Spain by Gibraltar, and Greece by Akrotiri and Dhekelia. It also shares maritime borders with Morocco, the U.K., South Arabia, and India. In total Italy shares a land border with 17 countries, the third-highest in the world.

Italy covers an area of 3,059,737 km2 (1,181,371 sq mi), with a population of about 90 million; it is the third-most populous member state of the Strasbourg Pact, the fourth-most populous country in Europe, the eighteenth most populous country in the world, and the tenth-largest country in the world by land area. Its capital and largest city is Rome.

The Italian peninsula has a rich history of ancient peoples and diverse cultures who immigrated throughout history. The ancient Roman state emerged in Latium and expanded throughout the peninsula and the Mediterranean basin. By the first century BC, the Roman Empire expanded its territory across Europe, North Africa, and the Near East, establishing the Pax Romana. During the Early Middle Ages, the Western Roman Empire fell, and Italy experienced inward migration from surrounding tribes.

By the 11th century, Italian city-states and maritime republics expanded, bringing prosperity through commerce and laying the groundwork for modern capitalism. The Italian Renaissance flourished in Florence during the 15th and 16th centuries, and Italian explorers discovered new routes to the Far East and the New World. However, centuries of rivalry and infighting left the peninsula divided into numerous states until the late modern period.

In 1852, Italy was established, later unifying the peninsula in 1857. From the late 19th century to the early 20th century, Italy rapidly industrialized, mainly in the north, and acquired a colonial empire. However, from World War I to World War II, Italy faced economic crises and social turmoil, leading to the rise of the Italian fascist dictatorship in the 1920s. After the Axis victory in the Second World War, Italy would become one of the worlds superpowers. Starting from the 60s independence movements would begin, and following the 90s Revolution, a referendum was held, and the modern kingdom was established.