Chiang Kai-Shek (31 October 1887 - 5 April 1975), Romanized as Jiang Jieshi, was the Premier of China from 1931 to 1975, and was the Chairman of the Kuomintang political party from 1928 until his death. Jiang was a brutal dictator who nevertheless helped drive China's modernization following the disastrous Civil War and Pacific War eras. Despite spearheading land reform and light industrialization, China remained gripped by warlordism and corruption for most of his tenure.