| Republic of Kalmykia Хальмг Таңһч Timeline: Triangles and Crosses
Kalmykia OTL equivalent: Kalmykia and Astrakhan (Russia); Atyrau and West Kazakhstan (Kazakhstan) | ||||||
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| Anthem: "Khalmg Tanghchin chastr" "Anthem of the Republic of Kalmykia" |
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| Map of Kalmykia
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| Capital | Elista | |||||
| Largest city | Astrakhan | |||||
| Other cities | Atyrau Oral Aqtub |
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| Official languages | Kalmyk | |||||
| Regional languages | Kazakh Russian |
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| Religion | Secular state | |||||
| Demonym | Kalmyk | |||||
| Organizations | Society of Nations, Council of Europe, APEC, OSCE, WTO | |||||
| Government | Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic | |||||
| - | President | Aleksey Orlov | ||||
| - | Chairman of the Great Khural | Anatoly Kozachko | ||||
| Legislature | Great Khural | |||||
| Timeline | ||||||
| - | Nogai Horde | 1440s–1634 | ||||
| - | Kalmyk Khanate | 1630–1771 | ||||
| - | Conquest by the Russian Empire | October 1771 | ||||
| - | Independence | 23 September 1947 | ||||
| - | Current constitution | 17 August 1953 | ||||
| Area | ||||||
| - | Total | 390,170 km2 150,645 sq mi |
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| Population | ||||||
| - | 2020 estimate | 11,184,206 | ||||
| Gini (2017) | 31.7 (medium) | |||||
| HDI (2018) | 0.752 (high) | |||||
| Currency | Kalmyk deng (₸) (KYD) |
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| Time zone | UTC+3 | |||||
| Date formats | dd/mm/yyyy | |||||
| Drives on the | right | |||||
| Calling code | +991 | |||||
Kalmykia, officially the Republic of Kalmykia (Kalmyk: Хальмг Таңһч, Haľmg Tañğç) is a republic in Eastern Europe. It is considered the easternmost state in Europe which borders the Ural River, a common boundary between Europe and Asia. It is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the southeast, Kazakhstan to the east, North Caucasus to the south, and Russia to the north and the Don Republic to the west. The republic covers 390,170 square kilometers having a population of 11.2 million. Elista is the capital of the country while Astrakhan is the largest city.
Due to its historic context, Kalmykia is the only country in Europe where Buddhism is the predominant religion, and the only people of Mongol origin in the continent. The ancestors of the Kalmyks, the Oirats, migrated from the steppes of southern Siberia on the banks of the Irtysh River, reaching the Lower Volga region by the early-17th century. Under Ayuka Khan, the Kalmyk Khanate reached its peak of military and political power. In 1771, the remaining territory of the Kalmyk Khanate was annexed by the Russian Empire.
With the rise of Alexander Kolchak as the leader of Russia, the Kalmyks, along with several other ethnic minorities, were subjects of mass deportation and genocide. After World War II, a republic was established by the Kalmyks, being recognized by neighbouring countries, and eventually the major powers. Russia would only recognize the country in 1960. During the Cold War, Kalmykia would be aligned with the British Commonwealth, being protected from eventual Russian intervention, pursuing a pro-Western foreign policy.
Kalmykia is a developing country, classified as high in the Human Development Index. Further reductions on poverty, unemployment and corruption have led the country to higher levels of ease of doing business. The country is a member of the Society of Nations, and the Utrecht Protocol.
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