| Land Governor of Bohemia
Český zemský hejtman | |
|---|---|
 Coat of arms of Bohemia | |
| Residence | Governor's Palace Malostranské náměstí 1/16, 118 00 Praha 1 |
| Seat | Prague |
| Appointer | Bohemian Land Assembly |
| Term length | Four years, renewable indefinitely |
| Inaugural holder | Martin Hrabík |
| Formation | 1 January 1949 |
The Land Governor of Bohemia (Czech: Český zemský hejtman), also referred to as Hejtman, is the head of state and government in the Czechoslovak state of Bohemia. The position was established on 1 January 1949 following the adoption of the Bohemian state constitution and the adoption of the federal Czechoslovak constitution of 9 May 1948, which had transformed the former unitary Czechoslovak state into a federative republic.
Constitutional roles and powers[]
The Czechoslovak constitution of 1948 defines the Czechoslovak Federative Republic as a federation, in which each Czechoslovak state enjoys sovereignty. The Constitution gives the states a broad discretion to determine their respective state structure, only stating that each Czechoslovak state has to be a democratic under the rule of law (Chapter VII). Like the three other Czechoslovak states, Bohemia adopted with the passing of the a form of a mixed parliamentary republican system in which the Governor has both typical powers of an executive leader (for example appointing and dismissing cabinet members or defining the political guidelines of the cabinet) and typical powers and functions of a head of state (for example the power to grant pardons on behalf of the state and to perform certain ceremonial duties).
As such, their powers and functions resemble those of an executive president, but in contrast to a presidential system, they are not directly elected and depend on the confidence of the respective state parliament. Thus, the constitutional position of a minister president differs from that of the Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia at the federal level, who only holds the role of a chief executive leader, while the President of Czechoslovakia performs the more ceremonial powers and functions of the federal head of state.
The land president is typically the head of the biggest party of a coalition. The governor is elected by and depend on the confidence of the state parliaments. In the Bohemian Land Assembly a simple majority (a majority of votes cast) is sufficient. The same goes for recall procedures, where the parliament has to elect a new officeholder at the same time as voting an officeholder out of office (constructive vote of no confidence). The Bohemian constitution defines the premier as the leader of the cabinet, giving him or her the right, to determine the cabinet's political guidelines and to carry out the executive duties of the state's government. The office-holder is free to appoint or dismiss cabinet ministers at his or her discretion.
Residence[]
The official residence of the governor of Bohemia is the Governor's Palace in the Old Jesuit Gymnasium (Czech: Jezuitské gymnázium), located at Malostranské náměstí 1/16 in the Malá Strana district of Prague. The building also serves as the seat of the Government of the Bohemia.
List[]
Below is a list of the persons who have served in the capacity of Governor or equivalent office in the Bohemian Land from 1918 to the present.
President of the Land Administration of Bohemia (1918–1928)[]
From October 1918 to 30 April 1919 the title was known as Administrator of the Bohemian Governorship – Land Political Administration of the National Committee.
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Party | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Duration | |||||
| 1 | Jan Kosina (1860–1926) |
30 October 1918 |
25 May 1926 |
7 years, 207 days | Independent | ||
| 2 | 
|
Hugo Kubát (1873–1932) |
26 May 1926 |
30 November 1928 |
2 years, 188 days | Independent | |
Land Presidents of Bohemia (1928–1938)[]
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Party | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Duration | |||||
| 1 |
|
Hugo Kubát (1873–1932) |
1 December 1928 |
12 February 1932 Died in office |
3 years, 73 days | Independent | |
| — | Leopold Šrom Acting |
12 February 1932 |
31 December 1932 |
323 days | Independent | ||
| 2 | Josef Sobotka (1873–1942) |
1 January 1933 |
6 November 1938 Deposed by German occupation authorities |
5 years, 309 days | Independent | ||
Chairmen of the Land National Committee for Bohemia (1945–1948)[]
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Party | Cabinet | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Duration | ||||||
| 1 | 
|
Josef Černý (1885–1971) |
23 May 1945 |
21 October 1945 |
151 days | Republican Party of Agricultural and Smallholder People (RSZML) |
Černý National Front RSZML • KSČ • ČSSD • ČSL • ČSNS | |
| 2 | 
|
Martin Hrabík (1904–1992) |
22 October 1945 |
24 February 1948 |
3 years, 70 days | Republican Party (RS) |
Hrabík I National Front RS • KSČ • ČSSD • ČSL • ČSNS | |
| 25 February 1948 |
31 December 1948 |
Hrabík II National Front RS • ČSSD • ČSL • ČSNS | ||||||
Land Governors of Bohemia (since 1948)[]
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Party | Cabinet | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Duration | |||||||
| 1 |
|
Martin Hrabík (1904–1992) |
1 January 1949 |
1951 | Republican Party (RS) |
Hrabík I RS • ČSSD • ČSL • ČSNS |
1 (1948) | ||
| 1951 | 1955 | Hrabík II RS • ČSSD • ČSL • ČSNS |
2 (1951) | ||||||
| 1955 | 1959 | Hrabík III RS • ČSSD • ČSL • ČSNS |
3 (1955) | ||||||
| 2 | 
|
Vilém Bernard (1912–1992) |
1959 | 1963 | Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party (ČSSD) |
Bernard I ČSSD • RS • ČSL • ČSNS |
4 (1959) | ||
| 1963 | 1967 | Bernard II ČSSD • RS • ČSL • ČSNS |
5 (1963) | ||||||
| 3 | 
|
Jiří Horák (1924–2003) |
1967 | 1971 | Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party (ČSSD) |
Horák I ČSSD • ČSL • ČSNS |
6 (1967) | ||
| 4 | 
|
Václav Vostřez (1922–2022) |
1971 | 1975 | Republican Party (RS) |
Vostřez I RS • ČSL • SDS |
7 (1971) | ||
| 1975 | 1979 | Vostřez II RS • ČSL • SDS |
8 (1975) | ||||||
| 1979 | 1982 | Vostřez II RS • ČSL • SDS |
9 (1979) | ||||||
| 5 | 
|
František Trnka (1931–2021) |
1982 | 1983 | Republican Party (RS) |
Trnka I RS • ČSL • SDS | |||
| 1983 | 1987 | Trnka II RS • ČSL • SDS |
10 (1983) | ||||||
| 6 | 
|
Miloš Zeman (1944–) |
1987 | 1991 | Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party (ČSSD) |
Zeman I ČSSD • ČSL • ČSNS • SZ |
9 (1987) | ||
| 1991 | 1994 resigned elected to the Chamber of Deputies |
Zeman II ČSSD • ČSL • ČSNS • SZ |
10 (1991) | ||||||
| 7 | 
|
Milada Emmerová (1944–) |
1994 | 1995 | Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party (ČSSD) |
Emmerová I ČSSD • ČSL • ČSNS • SZ | |||
| 1995 | 1999 | Emmerová II ČSSD • ČSL • ČSNS • SZ |
11 (1999) | ||||||
| 8 | 
|
Jan Zahradník (1949–) |
1999 | 2003 | Republican Party (RS) |
Zahradník I RS • ČSL • SZ |
12 (1999) | ||
| 2003 | 2007 | Zahradník II ČSSD • ČSL • ČSNS • SZ |
13 (2003) | ||||||
| 9 | 
|
Jana Vaňhová (1955–) |
2007 | 2011 | Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party (ČSSD) |
Vaňhová I ČSSD • RS • ČSL |
14 (2007) | ||
| 2011 | 2015 | Zahradník II ČSSD • ČSL • ČSNS • SZ |
15 (2011) | ||||||
| 10 | 
|
Martin Netolický (1982–) |
2015 | 2019 | Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party (ČSSD) |
Vaňhová I ČSSD • RS • ČSL • STAN |
16 (2015) | ||
| 11 | 
|
Martin Kuba (1964–) |
2019 | present | Republican Party (RS) |
Kuba RS • ČSL • STAN • SWG |
17 (2019) | ||
See also[]
- List of Prime Ministers of Czechoslovakia
- Land Governors of Czechoslovakia