Changes: List of Kings of The Kingdoms of Austria & Bohemia (The Kalmar Union)

Latest revision as of 11:45, 20 November 2023

As per tradition the kingdoms of Austria and Bohemia are held in personal union. Bohemia's crown dates (officially) from 1212. Austria's a more recent 1898.

Austria

Austria was originally a march (margraviate) within Bavaria.

House of Babenberg
Leopold I		(976-994)
Henry I		(994-1018
Adalbert		(1018-1055)
Ernest		(1055-1075)
Leopold II		(1075-1095)
Leopold III		(1095-1136)
Leopold IV		(1137-1141)
Henry II		(1141-1156)

The 1156 Prviliegium Minus elevates the March to a Duchy, making it independent of Bavaria.

House of Babenberg
Henry II		(1156-1177)
Leopold V		(1177-1194)
Frederick I		(1195-1198)
Leopold VI		(1198-1230)
Frederick II		(1230-1246)

After Frederick's death Austria is disputed between various claimants, the longest lasting being Ottokar II of Bohemia (1251-1278). He is eventually defeated by Emperor Rudolph I who would divide his lands between his sons.

House of Hapsburg
Rudolph I		(1278-1282)
Albert I		(1282-1308)
Rudolph II		(1282-1283)
Rudolph III		(1282-1307)
Frederick I		(1308-1330)
Leopold I		(1308-1326)
Albert II		(1330-1358)
Otto I		(1330-1339)
Frederick II		(1339-1344)
Leopold II		(1339-1344)
Rudolph IV		(1358-1365)
Albert III		(1365-1379)

Albert's three sons divide the duchy (the title of Archduke was a 1359 fabrication which was only confirmed in 1513 when Austria was reunited). The death of his cousins without heirs allows Sigismund, Duke of Inner Austria, to reunite the lands over the course of his rule.

House of Hapsburg
Sigismund		(1513-1524)
Maximilian I		(1524-1543)
Maximilian II		(1543-1569)
Albert IV		(1569-1580)
Frederick III Emperor Frederick VI		(1580-1606)
Charles I Emperor Charles VI		(1606-1631)
Rudolph V Emperor Rudolph II		(1631-1649)
Rudolph VI Emperor Rudolph III		(1649-1687)
Charles II		(1687-1702)
Rupert Emperor Rupert		(1702-1748)
Maximilian III		(1748-1750)
Frederick IV		(1750-1769)
Leopold III		(1769-1800)
Maximilian IV		(1800-1816)
Charles III		(1816-1842)
George Emperor George		(1842-1864)
Leopold IV		(1864-1896)
Charles IV		(1896-1898)

After much bartering in the Imperial Diet the title of King of Austria is finally bestowed on the Archdukes in 1898, though this came with the provision, occasionally contested, that they should not pursue an additional electorate for Austria.

House of Hapsburg
Charles I		(1898-1905)
Leopold I		(1905-1908)
Leopold II		(1908-1920)
Charles II Emperor Charles VIII		(1920-1955)
Leopold III		(1955-1987)
Leopold IV		(1987-2009)
Leopold V		(2009-)

Bohemia

The Kings of Bohemia are usually dated from 1212 when the title was confirmed by the Sicilian Bull, though an illustrious line of Dukes stretches back to the early 9th century. Previous dukes did claim the title of king however it was not a hereditary title.

House of Premyslid
Ottokar I		(1198-1230)
Wenceslaus I		(1230-1253)
Ottokar II		(1253-1278)
Wenceslaus II		(1278-1305)
Wenceslaus III		(1305-1306)

House of Meinhardiner
Henry I		(1306, 1307-1310)

House of Hapsburg
Rudolph I		(1306-1307)

John of Luxembourg marries Elizabeth, the last heir of Wenceslaus II.

House of Luxembourg
John I		(1310-1346)
Charles I		(1346-1374)
Wenceslaus IV Emperor Wenceslaus		(1374-1400)
Charles II Emperor Charles IV		(1400-1426)
Sigismund I Emperor Sigismund I		(1426-1437)
Matthew Emperor Matthew		(1437-1444)
John II		(1444-1478)
Sigismund II Emperor Sigismund II		(1478-1502)
John III Emperor John I		(1502-1536)
Wenceslaus V		(1536-1540)
Henry of Prague Queen Joanna as regent		(1540-1550)

The death of Henry of Prague before he can reach his majority gives the Bohemian magnates an opportunity to break with Luxembourg rule. Maximilian II of Austria is elected.

House of Hapsburg
Maximilian I		(1543-1569)
Albert I		(1569-1580)
Frederick I Emperor Frederick VI		(1580-1606)
Charles III Emperor Charles VI		(1606-1618)

During the Bohemian Revolt which began the Fifty Years War the Protestant Bohemian nobles rejected the Austrian archduke and with Schmalkaldic support elected William-George, Prince of Oldenburg as the new Protestant King of Bohemia. His rule lasted only until the Catholic Empire marshals its forces and reconquers Bohemia. Both him and his daughter Catherine are recognised by the Protestant Bohemian lords as King and Queen in absentia.

House of Oldenburg
William-George		(1618-1621)
Catherine		(1629-1668)

Throughout the Fifty Years War the Austrian archdukes continue to use the title of 'King of Bohemia' though none are ever crowned in Prague and officially the throne is vacant. The Treaty of Copenhagen in 1668 returns Bohemia to Luxembourg rule, a sop to offset their loss of Brandenburg and a snub to Austria.

House of Luxembourg
Henry III		(1668-1669)
John IV Emperor John II		(1669-1680)

While John IV is on his apparent deathbed (he recovers) the Prague Diet decides they will not accept the reactionary and widely despised Prince Charles of Utrecht as his successor. The nobles reach out to various parties but running out of time and options invite Austria to retake the crown. Archduke (and Emperor) Rudolph VI is confirmed as king after the brief and indecisive War of Bohemian Succession.

House of Hapsburg
Rudolph II Emperor Rudolph III		(1680-1687)
Charles IV		(1687-1702)
Rupert Emperor Rupert		(1702-1748)
Maximilian II		(1748-1750)
Frederick III		(1750-1769)
Leopold I		(1769-1800)
Maximilian III		(1800-1816)
Charles V		(1816-1842)
George Emperor George		(1842-1864)
Leopold II		(1864-1896)
Charles VI		(1896-1898)
Leopold III		(1905-1908)
Leopold IV		(1908-1920)
Charles VII Emperor Charles VIII		(1920-1955)
Leopold V		(1955-1987)
Leopold VI		(1987-2009)
Leopold VII		(2009-)

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 ==Austria==
 Austria was originally a march (margraviate) within [[Bavaria (The Kalmar Union)|Bavaria]].
@@ Line 9: / Line 8: @@
 |-
 |Leopold I
+|[[File:Herzog Leopold I. Babenberg.jpg|75px]]
-|
 |(976-994)
 |-
 |Henry I
+|[[File:Herzog Heinrich I. Babenberg.jpg|75px]]
-|
 |(994-1018
 |-
 |Adalbert
+|[[File:Adalbert der Siegreiche.jpg|75px]]
-|
 |(1018-1055)
 |-
 |Ernest
+|[[File:Ernst II. der Tapfere.jpg|75px]]
-|
 |(1055-1075)
 |-
 |Leopold II
+|[[File:Herzog Leopold II. Babenberg.jpg|75px]]
-|
 |(1075-1095)
 |-
 |Leopold III
+|[[File:Herzog Leopold III. Babenberg.jpg|75px]]
-|
 |(1095-1136)
 |-
 |Leopold IV
+|[[File:Markgraf Leopold IV. Babenberg.jpg|75px]]
-|
 |(1137-1141)
 |-
 |Henry II
+|[[File:Herzog Heinrich II. Babenberg.jpg|75px]]
-|
 |(1141-1156)
 |}
@@ Line 47: / Line 46: @@
 |-
 |Henry II
+|[[File:Herzog Heinrich II. Babenberg.jpg|75px]]
-|
 |(1156-1177)
 |-
 |Leopold V
+|[[File:Herzog Leopold V. Babenberg.jpg|75px]]
-|
 |(1177-1194)
 |-
 |Frederick I
+|[[File:Herzog Friedrich I. der Christliche.jpg|75px]]
-|
 |(1195-1198)
 |-
 |Leopold VI
+|[[File:Herzog Leopold VI. Babenberg.jpg|75px]]
-|
 |(1198-1230)
 |-
-|Frederick II
+|[[Frederick II of Babenberg (The Kalmar Union)|Frederick II]]
+|[[File:Herzog Friedrich II. Babenberg.jpg|75px]]
-|
 |(1230-1246)
 |}
@@ Line 121: / Line 120: @@
 |}
-Albert's three sons divide the duchy (the title of Archduke was a 1359 fabrication which was only confirmed in 1513 when Austria was reunited). The death of his cousins without heirs allows Sigismund, duke of Inner Austria, to reunite the lands over the course of his rule.
+Albert's three sons divide the duchy (the title of Archduke was a 1359 fabrication which was only confirmed in 1513 when Austria was reunited). The death of his cousins without heirs allows Sigismund, Duke of Inner Austria, to reunite the lands over the course of his rule.
 {|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;" width=100%
@@ Line 142: / Line 141: @@
 |(1569-1580)
 |-
-|Frederick III<br />
+|Frederick III<br>
 ''Emperor Frederick VI''
 |
 |(1580-1606)
 |-
-|Charles I<br />
+|[[Charles I of Austria (The Kalmar Union)|Charles I]]<br>
 ''Emperor Charles VI''
+|[[File:William_Scrots_001.jpg|75px|border]]
-|
 |(1606-1631)
 |-
-|Rudolph II<br />
+|[[Rudolph V of Austria (The Kalmar Union)|Rudolph V]]<br>
 ''Emperor Rudolph II''
+|[[File:Peter_Paul_Rubens_196.jpg|75px|border]]
-|
 |(1631-1649)
 |-
-|Rudolph III<br />
+|[[Rudolph VI of Austria (The Kalmar Union)|Rudolph VI]]<br>
 ''Emperor Rudolph III''
+|[[File:Justus_suttermans,_ritratto_del_duca_alfonso_IV_d'este,_1653-59_(cropped).jpg|75px|border]]
-|
 |(1649-1687)
 |-
@@ Line 175: / Line 174: @@
 |(1748-1750)
 |-
-|Frederick III
+|Frederick IV
 |
 |(1750-1769)
@@ Line 243: / Line 242: @@
 ==Bohemia==
 The Kings of Bohemia are usually dated from 1212 when the title was confirmed by the Sicilian Bull, though an illustrious line of Dukes stretches back to the early 9th century. Previous dukes did claim the title of king however it was not a hereditary title.
@@ Line 292: / Line 290: @@
 |-
 |[[John I of Luxembourg (The Kalmar Union)|John I]]
-|[[File:John I Luxem (The Kalmar Union).png|75px|border]]
+|[[File:John of Luxemburg.png|75px|border]]
 |(1310-1346)
 |-
 |[[Charles I of Luxembourg (The Kalmar Union)|Charles I]]
-|[[File:Charles I Luxem (The Kalmar Union).png|75px|border]]
+|[[File:Charles IV-John Ocko votive picture-fragment.jpg|75px|border]]
 |(1346-1374)
 |-
@@ Line 337: / Line 335: @@
 |(1536-1540)
 |-
-|Henry II of Prague<br />
+|[[Henry II of Bohemia (The Kalmar Union)|Henry of Prague]]<br />
 ''Queen [[Joanna of Luxembourg (The Kalmar Union)|Joanna]] as regent''
+|[[File:Portrait_of_Don_Juan_of_Austria_by_Coello_1559-60.jpg|75px|border]]
-|
 |(1540-1550)
 |}
-The death of Henry of Prague before he can reach his majority gives the Bohemian magnates, an opportunity to break with Luxembourg rule. Maximilian II of Austria is elected.
+The death of Henry of Prague before he can reach his majority gives the Bohemian magnates an opportunity to break with Luxembourg rule. Maximilian II of Austria is elected.
 {|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;" width=100%
 |+House of Hapsburg
 |-
-|Maximilian I
+|[[Maximilian II of Austria (The Kalmar Union)|Maximilian I]]
 |
 |(1543-1569)
@@ Line 361: / Line 359: @@
 |(1580-1606)
 |-
-|Charles III<br />
+|[[Charles I of Austria (The Kalmar Union)|Charles III]]<br />
 ''Emperor Charles VI''
+|[[File:William_Scrots_001.jpg|75px|border]]
-|
 |(1606-1618)
 |}
-During the Bohemian Revolt which began the [[Fifty Years War (The Kalmar Union)|Fifty Years War]] the Protestant Bohemian nobles rejected the Austrian archduke and with Schmalkaldic support elected William-George, Duke of Oldenburg King of Bohemia. His rule lasted only until the Catholic Empire marshals its forces and reconquers Bohemia.
+During the Bohemian Revolt which began the [[Fifty Years War (The Kalmar Union)|Fifty Years War]] the Protestant Bohemian nobles rejected the Austrian archduke and with Schmalkaldic support elected William-George, Prince of Oldenburg as the new Protestant King of Bohemia. His rule lasted only until the Catholic Empire marshals its forces and reconquers Bohemia. Both him and his daughter Catherine are recognised by the Protestant Bohemian lords as King and Queen ''in absentia''.
 {|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;" width=100%
 |+House of Oldenburg
 |-
-|William George
+|[[William-George of Oldenburg (The Kalmar Union)|William-George]]
-|[[File:William-George Old (The Kalmar Union).png|75px|border]]
+|[[File:Kurfyrst_Frederik_V_af_Pfalz.jpg|75px|border]]
 |(1618-1621)
 |-
+|[[Catherine of Oldenburg (The Kalmar Union)|Catherine]]
-|Catherine<br />
+|[[File:Rodrigo de Villandrando - Isabel of France - WGA25100.jpg|75px|border]]
-''In Pretense''
-|[[File:Catherine of Oldenburg (The Kalmar Union).png|75px|border]]
 |(1629-1668)
 |}
-The Treaty of Copenhagen returns Bohemia to Luxembourg rule, a sop to offset their loss of [[Brandenburg (The Kalmar Union)|Brandenburg]] and a snub to Austria.
+Throughout the Fifty Years War the Austrian archdukes continue to use the title of 'King of Bohemia' though none are ever crowned in Prague and officially the throne is vacant. The Treaty of Copenhagen in 1668 returns Bohemia to Luxembourg rule, a sop to offset their loss of [[Brandenburg (The Kalmar Union)|Brandenburg]] and a snub to Austria.
 {|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;" width=100%
 |+House of Luxembourg
 |-
+|[[Henry X of Luxembourg (The Kalmar Union)|Henry III]]
-|Henry III
+|[[File:983px-Godefridus_Schalcken_-_Portrait_of_Stadholder-King_William_III_(1650-_1702)_-_158_-_Mauritshuis.jpg|75px|border]]
-|[[File:Henry X Luxem (The Kalmar Union).png|75px|border]]
 |(1668-1669)
 |-
+|[[John IV of Luxembourg (The Kalmar Union)|John IV]]
-|John IV
 ''Emperor John II''
-|[[File:John IV Luxem (The Kalmar Union).png|75px|border]]
+|[[File:Lancelot_Volders_-_Portrait_of_Henry_Casimir_II,_Prince_of_Nassau-Dietz.jpg|75px|border]]
 |(1669-1680)
 |}
-While John IV is on his apparent deathbed (he recovers) the Prague Diet decides they will not accept the reactionary and widely despised Prince Charles of Utrecht as his successor. The nobles reach out to Austria. Archduke (and Emperor) Rudolph III is confirmed as king after the brief and indecisive [[War of Bohemian Succession (The Kalmar Union)|War of Bohemian Succession]].
+While John IV is on his apparent deathbed (he recovers) the Prague Diet decides they will not accept the reactionary and widely despised Prince Charles of Utrecht as his successor. The nobles reach out to various parties but running out of time and options invite Austria to retake the crown. Archduke (and Emperor) Rudolph VI is confirmed as king after the brief and indecisive [[War of Bohemian Succession (The Kalmar Union)|War of Bohemian Succession]].
 {|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;" width=100%
 |+House of Hapsburg
 |-
-|Rudolph II<br />
+|[[Rudolph VI of Austria (The Kalmar Union)|Rudolph II]]<br />
 ''Emperor Rudolph III''
+|[[File:Justus suttermans, ritratto del duca alfonso IV d'este, 1653-59 (cropped).jpg|75px|border]]
-|
 |(1680-1687)
 |-