Belgium[]
| Monarchy of The Kingdom of Belgium | |
|---|---|
| King of the Belgians Koning der Belgen (Dutch) Roi des Belges (French) König der Belgier (German) | |
Federal | |
 Greater Arms | |
| Incumbent | |
 Elisabeth since 28 July 2043 | |
| Details | |
| Style | His Majesty |
| Heir apparent | The Duke of Brabant |
| Formation | 21 July 1831 |
| Residence | Royal Palace of Brussels Royal Castle of Laeken |
Belgium is a constitutional, hereditary and popular monarchy. The monarch is titled King (or Queen) of the Belgians (Dutch: Koning(in) der Belgen, French: Roi/Reine des Belges, German: König(in) der Belgier) and serves as the country's head of state and commander-in-chief of the Belgian Armed Forces. There have been seven Belgian monarchs since independence in 1830.
The incumbent, Elisabeth, ascended the throne on 21 July 2013, following the abdication of her father Philippe.
| Portrait | Name | Birth and death | Reign | Succession right |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| House of Saxe Coburg Gotha | ||||
 |
Leopold I | 16 December 1790 Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (Holy Roman Empire) – 10 December 1865 Laeken (aged 74) |
21 July 1831 - 10 December 1865 (34 years, 142 days) |
Elected by the National Congress |
 |
Leopold II | 9 April 1835 Brussels – 17 December 1909 Laeken(aged 74) |
17 December 1865 - 17 December 1909 (44 years, 0 days) |
Son of Leopold I |
| House of Belgium | ||||
 |
Albert I | 8 April 1875 Brussels – 17 February 1934 Marche-les-Dames(aged 58) |
23 December 1909 - 17 February 1934 (24 years, 56 days) |
Nephew of Leopold II / Grandson of Leopold I |
 |
Leopold III | 3 November 1901 Brussels – 25 September 1983 Woluwe-Saint-Lambert(aged 81) |
23 February 1934 - 16 July 1951 (abdicated) (17 years, 143 days) |
Son of Albert I |
 |
Charles /Karel prince regent for Leopold III |
10 October 1903 Brussels – 1 June 1983 Raversijde(aged 79) |
21 September 1944 - 20 July 1950 (5 years, 302 days) |
Son of Albert I /Brother of Leopold III |
 |
Baudouin /Boudewijn | 7 September 1930 Laeken – 31 July 1993 Motril (Spain) (aged 62) |
17 July 1951 - 31 July 1993 (42 years, 13 days) |
Son of Leopold III |
 |
Albert II | 6 June 1934 Laeken – 31 August 2029 Brussels (aged 95) |
9 August 1993 - 21 July 2013 (abdicated) (19 years, 346 days) |
Son of Leopold III / Brother of Baudouin |
 |
Philippe /Filip | 15 April 1960 Laeken |
21 July 2013 - 28 July 2043 (abdicated) (30 years, 7 days) |
Son of Albert II |
|
Elisabeth | 25 October 2001 Brussels |
28 July 2043 (Reigning) |
Son of Leopold III / Brother of Baudouin |
Luxembourg[]
| Monarchy of The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg | |
|---|---|
| Groussherzog vu Lëtzebuerg | |
 Greater Arms | |
| Incumbent | |
 Guillaume V since 15 January 2031 | |
| Details | |
| Style | His Royal Highness |
| Heir apparent | The Hereditary Grand Duke |
| Formation | 15 March 1815 |
| Residence | Berg Castle Colmar-Berg |
The Grand Duke of Luxembourg (Luxembourgish: Groussherzog vu Lëtzebuerg, French: Grand-duc de Luxembourg, German: Großherzog von Luxemburg) is the head of state of Luxembourg. Luxembourg has been a grand duchy since 15 March 1815, when it was created from territory of the former Duchy of Luxembourg. It was in personal union with the United Kingdom of the Netherlands until 1890 under the House of Orange-Nassau. Luxembourg is the world's only sovereign Grand Duchy and since 1815, there have been nine monarchs, including the incumbent, Guillaume V.
| Portrait | Name | Reign | Birth | Family and Marriages | Death | Succession right |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| House of Orange Nassau | ||||||
 |
William I | 15 March 1815 - 7 October 1840 (abdicated) (25 years 6 months 22 days) |
24 August 1772 | (1) Wilhelmina of Prussia 1 October 1791 [4 children] (2) Henrietta d'Oultremont (morganatic) 17 February 1841 [No children] |
12 December 1843 | Francis' third cousin and Anne, Duchess of Luxembourg's direct descendant |
 |
William II | 7 October 1840 - 17 March 1849 (8 years 5 months 10 days) |
6 December 1792 | Anna Pavlovna of Russia 21 February 1816 [5 children] |
17 March 1849 | Son of William I |
 |
William III | 17 March 1849 - 23 November 1890 (41 years 8 months 6 days) |
17 February 1817 | (1) Sophie of Württemberg 18 June 1839 [3 Sons)] (2) Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont 7 January 1879 [1 daughter] |
23 November 1890 | Son of William II |
| House of Nassau Weilburg | ||||||
 |
Adolphe | 23 November 1890 – 17 November 1905 (14 years 11 months 25 days) |
24 July 1817 Wiesbaden (Prussia) |
(1) Grand Duchess Elizabeth 31 January 1844 [1 child (stillborn)] (2) Grand Duchess Adelheid-Marie 23 April 1851 [5 children] |
17 November 1905 (88 years) Colmar-Berg |
Third cousin of William III |
 |
William IV | 17 November 1905 – 25 February 1912 (6 years 3 months 8 days) |
22 April 1852 Wiesbaden (Prussia) |
Grand Duchess Marie Anne [6 children] |
25 February 1912 (59 years) Colmar-Berg |
Son of Adolphe |
 |
Marie-Adélaïde | 25 February 1912 – 14 January 1919 (abdicated) (6 years 10 months 20 days) |
14 June 1894 Colmar-Berg |
Unmarried [childless] |
24 January 1924 (29 years) Lenggries (Germany) |
Daughter of William IV |
 |
Charlotte | 14 January 1919 – 12 November 1964 (abdicated) (45 years 9 months 29 days) |
23 January 1896 Colmar-Berg |
Prince Felix 6 November 1919 6 children] |
9 July 1985 (89 years) Fischbach |
Daughter of William IV / Sister of Marie-Adélaïde |
 |
Jean | 12 November 1964 – 7 October 2000 (abdicated) (35 years 10 months 25 days) |
5 January 1921 Colmar-Berg |
Grand Duchess Joséphine Charlotte 9 April 1953 [5 children] |
23 April 2019 (98 years) Luxembourg City |
Son of Charlotte |
 |
Henri | 7 October 2000 - 15 January 2031 (abdicated) (30 years 3 months 8 days) |
16 April 1955 Betzdorf |
Grand Duchess Maria Teresa 4/14 February 1981 [5 children] |
Living | Son of Jean |
|
William V | 15 January 2031 - Present | 11 November 1981 Luxembourg |
Grand Duchess Maria Teresa 19/20 October 2012 [2 children] |
Living | Son of Henri |
Netherlands[]
| Monarchy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands | |
|---|---|
| Koning der Nederlanden | |
 Greater Arms | |
| Incumbent | |
 Catherine Amalia since 30 April 2048 | |
| Details | |
| Style | His Majesty |
| Heir apparent | The Prince of Orange |
| Formation | 6 December 1813 |
| Residence | Royal Palace of Amsterdam Noordeinde Palace Huis ten Bosch |
The monarchy of the Netherlands is a constitutional monarchy whose role and position are governed by the Constitution of the Netherlands. Roughly a third of the Constitution explains the succession, mechanisms of accession and abdication to the throne, the roles and duties of the monarch, the formalities of communication between the States General of the Netherlands, and the monarch's role in creating laws.
The Kingdom of the Netherlands has been an independent monarchy since 16 March 1815. Its once-sovereign provinces had been intermittently ruled by members of the House of Orange-Nassau and the House of Nassau from 1559, when Philip II of Spain appointed William of Orange as stadtholder, until 1795, when the last stadtholder fled the country.
William of Orange became the leader of the Dutch Revolt and of the independent Dutch Republic. Some of his descendants were later appointed as stateholders by some of the provinces. In 1747, the function of stateholder became a hereditary position in all provinces of the thus "crowned" Dutch Republic. The last stadtholder was William V, Prince of Orange, after the napoleonic wars the house of orange was restored first as princes and later as kings of the Netherlands.
Willem-Alexander has been King of the Netherlands since 30 April 2013.
| Portrait | Name | Reign | Lifespan | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| House of Orange Nassau | ||||
 |
William I | 6 December 1813 - 7 October 1840 (abdicated) (25 years 6 months 22 days) |
24 August 1772 – 12 December 1843 (aged 71) | Son of the last Stadtholder William V and Wilhelmina of Prussia, Princess of Orange,
Abdicated |
 |
William II | 7 October 1840 - 17 March 1849 (8 years 5 months 10 days) |
6 December 1792 – 17 March 1849 (aged 56) | Son of William I and Wilhelmine of Prussia |
|
William III | 17 March 1849 - 23 November 1890 (41 years 8 months 6 days) |
19 February 1817 – 23 November 1890 (aged 73) | Son of William II and Anna Pavlovna of Russia |
 |
Wilhelmina | 23 November 1890 - 4 September 1948 (57 years, 9 months and 12 days) |
31 August 1880 – 28 November 1962 (aged 82) | Daughter of William III and Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont, Abdicated |
 |
Juliana | 4 September 1948 - 30 April 1980 (31 years 7 months 26 days) |
30 April 1909 – 20 March 2004 (aged 94) | Daughter of Wilhelmina and Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Abdicated |
 |
Beatrix | 30 April 1980 - 30 April 2013 (33 years) |
31 January 1938 - 26 June 2034 (age 96) | Daughter of Juliana and Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld. Abdicated |
 |
William IV | 30 April 2013 - 30 April 2048 (35 years) |
27 April 1967 | Son of Beatrix and Prince Claus, Jonkheer van Amsberg, Abdicated |
|
Catherine | 30 April 2048 - Present | 7 December 2003 | Daughter of William IV and Máxima Zorreguieta Cerruti |