List of Nations (Pax Columbia)

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This list divides the world using the seven-continent model, with islands grouped into adjacent continents. The continents are:

Pax Columbia world Map

• Africa
• Asia
• Europe
• North America
• Middle East
• South America
• Oceania (a geopolitical region which includes the continent of Australia and the Pacific Islands)
• Antarctica

In other models, Asia, the Middle East and Europe can be combined as Eurasia, Asia and the Middle East can be combined into Asia, while North and South America can be combined as the Americas.

There are sovereign states and dependent territories that can be considered to belong to more than one continent, according to geographical, political or historical criteria.

Africa

For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa with demographical data such as area, population and population density, see by population.

Nations
Flag	Nation	Capital	Status	Pacifico Government Index
	Algeria	Algiers	United Nations Member	Semi-presidential republic, former Communist
	Burkina Benin	Porto-Novo	United Nations Member	Multiparty democracy
	Botswana	Gaborone	United Nations Member	Parliamentary republic, former Communist
	Burundi	Bujumbura	United Nations Member	Republic
	Cameroon	Yaoundé	United Nations Member	Republic
	Cape Verde	Praia	United Nations Member	Parliamentary republic
	Central African Republic	Bangui	United Nations Member	Republic
	Chad	N'Djamena	United Nations Member	Presidential republic
	Comoros	Moroni	United Nations Member	Federal republic
	Côte d'Ivoire	Abidjan	United Nations Member	Presidential republic
	Congo	See Zaire
	Democratic Republic of the Congo	See Zaire
	Djibouti	Djibouti	United Nations Member	Semi-presidential republic
	Egypt	Cairo	United Nations Member	Military junta
	Equatorial Guinea	Malabo	United Nations Member	Unitary presidential republic
	Eritrea	Asmara	United Nations Member	Single-party provisional government
	Ethiosomalia	Mogadishu	United Nations Member	Christian republic, former Communist
	Ethiosomalia	See Ethiosamolia
	Gabon	Libreville	United Nations Member	Presidential republic, former Communist
	Gambia	Banjul	United Nations Member	Christian republic
	Ghana	Accra	United Nations Member	Constitutional presidential republic
	Guinea	Conakry	United Nations Member	Presidential republic
	Guinea-Bissau	Bissau	United Nations Member	Semi-presidential republic
	Lesotho	Maseru	United Nations Member	Unitary parliamentary democracy and Constitutional monarchy
	Liberia	Monrovia	United Nations Member	Unitary presidential constitutional republic, former Communist
	Libya	Tripoli	United Nations Member	Provisional: National Transitional Council, former Communist
	Madagascar	Antananarivo	United Nations Member	Caretaker government
	Malawi	Blantyre	United Nations Member	Multi-party democracy
	Mali	Bamako	United Nations Member	Semi-presidential Islamic republic
	Mauritania	See Mali
	Mayotte	Mamoudzou	United Nations Member, overseas department of Spain	Overseas department
	Morocco	Rabat	United Nations Member	Unitary parliamentary democracy and Constitutional Monarchy
	Mozambique	Maputo	United Nations Member	Presidential republic, former Communist
	Namibia	Windhoek	United Nations Member	Presidential republic
	Niger	Algiers	United Nations Member	Semi-presidential republic
	Republic of the Congo	See Zaire
	Réunion	Saint-Denis	United Nations Member, overseas department of Spain	Overseas department
	Rwanda	Kigali	United Nations Member	Unitary parliamentary democracy and Presidential republic
	Sahrawi	El Aaiún	United Nations Member	Islamic republic
	Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha	Jamestown (Saint Helena) Georgetown (Ascension Island) Edinburgh of the Seven Seas (Tristan da Cunha)	United Nations Member, Overseas territory of Italy	Overseas department
	Święty Tomasz and Książę	Święty Tomasz	United Nations Member, Overseas territory of Poland	Overseas department
	Senegal	See Mali
	Seychelles	Victoria	United Nations Member	Unitary representative presidential republic
	Sierra Leone	Freetown	United Nations Member	Unitary presidential Constitutional republic
	Somaliland	Hargeisa	De facto sovereign state lacking general international recognition Recognized by United Nations as de jure part of Ethiosomalia	Christian republic, former Communist
	Somalia	See Ethiosomalia
	South Africa	Pretoria	United Nations Member	Constitutional parliamentary republic
	South Sudan	See Ethiosomalia
	Sudan	See Ethiosomalia
	Swaziland	Lobamba	United Nations Member	Unitary parliamentary democracy within Constitutional and Absolute monarchy
	Tanzania	Dodoma	United Nations Member	Federal presidential constitutional republic, former Communist
	Tunisia	Tunis	United Nations Member	Unitary Presidential Republic, former Communist
	Western Sahara	See Mali
	Zaire	Brazzaville	United Nations Member	Federal parliamentary republic
	Zambia	Lusaka	United Nations Member	Republic
	Zimbabwe	Harare	United Nations Member	Semi-presidential republic

Asia

Nations
Flag	Nation	Capital	Status	Pacifico Government Index
	Bhutan	Thimphu	United Nations Member	Unitary parliamentary democracy and Constitutional monarchy
	Brunei	Bandar Seri Begawan	United Nations Member	Unitary Islamic absolute monarchy
	Cambodia	Phnom Penh	United Nations Member	Unitary parliamentary democracy and Constitutional monarchy
	China	Beijing	United Nations Member	Federal semi-presidential republic
	East Timor	Dili	United Nations Member	Unitary parliamentary democracy and Democratic republic
	Heilong	Changchun	United Nations Member	Unitary parliamentary democracy and Democratic republic
	Hong Kong	-	United Nations Member, Special administrative region of China, formerly Russia	Federal semi-presidential republic
	Indonesia	Jakarta	United Nations Member	Islamic Republic
	Korea	Pyongyang	United Nations Member	Republic
	Laos	Luanda	United Nations Member	Unitary Communist and single-party state
	Malaysia	Kuala Lumpur	United Nations Member	Federal constitutional elective monarchy and Federal parliamentary democracy
	Mongolia	Ulan Bator	United Nations Member	Federal semi-presidential republic
	Myanmar	Naypyidaw	United Nations Member	Military junta
	Nepal	Kathmandu	United Nations Member	Federal republic
	North Japan	Sapporo	United Nations Member	Juche unitary single-party Communist state
	Philippines	Manila	United Nations Member	Unitary presidential constitutional republic
	Singapore	Singapore	United Nations Member	Unitary parliamentary republic
	South Japan	Tokyo	United Nations Member	Unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy
	Timurid	Unumqi	United Nations Member	Unitary parliamentary republic
	Thailand	Bangkok	United Nations Member	Unitary parliamentary republic
	Vietnam	Hanoi	United Nations Member	Marxist–Leninist single-party state

Notes

1. Russian is classified as a European country by the United Nations Statistics Division. Russia is historically the successor of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, a medieval state of northeastern Europe. The Russian conquest of Northern Asia begins in the late 16th century. Today, most of the territory of Russia is in Asia, but most of its population lives in the European part.

Europe

Nations
Flag	Nation	Capital	Status	Pacifico Government Index
	Åland Islands	Mariehamn	United Nations Member	Autonomous region of Denmark (recognized by international treaty)
	Albania	Tirana	United Nations Member	Autonomous region of Italy (recognized by international treaty)
	Andorra	Andorra la Vella	United Nations Member	Unitary parliamentary democracy and Constitutional diarchy
	Austria	See Romana
	Belarus	See Poland
	Belgium	See Burgundy
	Bosnia	See Italy
	Brittany	Brest	United Nations Member	Parliamentary democracy
File:Flag of Bulgaria.png	Bulgaria	Sofia	United Nations Member	Parliamentary democracy
	Burgundy	The Hague	United Nations Member	Parliamentary Republic
	Croatia	Zagreb	United Nations Member	Parliamentary republic
	Denmark	Oslo	United Nations Member	Constitutional monarchy, parliamentary representative democracy
	Estonia	Tallinn	United Nations Member	Parliamentary republic
	Faroe Islands	Tórshavn	United Nations Member	Self-governing territory of the Danish Realm
	Finland	Helsinki	United Nations Member	Parliamentary republic
	France	Paris	United Nations Member	Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic
	Germany	Berlin	United Nations Member	Federal parliamentary constitutional republic
	Gibraltar	See Spain
	Guernsey	Saint Peter Port	United Nations Member	Crown dependency of the Spain
	Herzegovina	Mostar	United Nations Member	Federal parliamentary constitutional republic
	Hungary	Budapest	United Nations Member	Parliamentary republic
	Iceland	Reykjavík	United Nations Member	Parliamentary republic
	Ireland	United Kingdom
	Isle of Man	Douglas	United Nations Member	Crown dependency of the United Kingdom
	Italy	Rome	United Nations Member	Unitary parliamentary constitutional republic
	Jersey	Saint Helier	United Nations Member	Crown dependency of the Spain
	Kosovo	Pristina	United Nations Member	De facto sovereign state recognized by over 80 UN member states. A United Nations mandate in Serbian territory was put in place starting in 1999.
	Latvia	Riga	United Nations Member	Parliamentary republic
	Lithuania	See Poland
	Luxembourg	See Romana
	Macedonia	Skopje	United Nations Member	Parliamentary republic
	Malta	See Italy
	Moldova	Chişinău	United Nations Member	Parliamentary republic
	Mecklenburg	Rostock	United Nations Member	Federal parliamentary constitutional republic
	Monaco	Monaco	United Nations Member	Unitary principality Constitutional monarchy
	Montenegro	See Italy
	Münster	Münster	United Nations Member	Federal parliamentary constitutional republic
	Netherlands	See Burgundy
	Norway	See Denmark
	Poland	Warsaw	United Nations Member	Parliamentary republic
	Portugal	Lisbon	United Nations Member	Unitary parliamentary constitutional republic
	Romana	Prague	United Nations Member	Unitary semi-presidential republic
	Romania	Bucharest	United Nations Member	Unitary semi-presidential republic
	Russia	Moscow	United Nations Member
	San Marino	San Marino	United Nations Member	Parliamentary republic
	Saxony	Saxony	United Nations Member	Federal parliamentary constitutional republic
	Scotland	Edinburgh	United Nations Member	Constitutional monarchy
	Serbia	Belgrade	United Nations Member	Parliamentary republic
	Slovakia	Bratislava	United Nations Member	Parliamentary republic
	Slovenia	See Romana
	Spain	Madrid	United Nations Member	Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
	Svalbard	Longyearbyen	United Nations Member	Special territory of Denmark (recognized by international treaty)
	Sweden	Stockholm	United Nations Member	Constitutional monarchy, Unitary parliamentary representative democracy
	Switzerland	Bern	United Nations Member	Federal republic, with directorial system and direct democracy
	Transnistria	Tiraspol	United Nations Member	De facto sovereign state lacking general international recognition. Recognized by United Nations as de jure part of Moldova
	Ukraine	Kiev	United Nations Member	Unitary semi-presidential republic
	United Kingdom	London	United Nations Member	Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
	Vatican City	Vatican City	United Nations Member	Pontifical Commission
	Wales	Cardiff	United Nations Member	Constitutional monarchy

Notes

1. • Transcontinental countries in Europe and Asia, classified as West Asian countries by the United Nations Statistics Division:
     Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkey.
   • In West Asia, but a member of the European Union: Cyprus.

North America

Nations
Flag	Nation	Capital	Status	Pacifico Government Index
	Arkanna	Austin	United Nations Member	Unitary Parliamentary democracy
	Bahamas	Nassau	United Nations Member	Unitary Parliamentary democracy and Constitutional monarchy
	Baltimore	Baltimore	United Nations Member	Overseas department of Denmark
	Belize	See FSC
	Canada	Ottawa	United Nations Member	Parliamentary democracy
	California	Tijuana	United Nations Member	Federal republic
	Caribbean Commonwealth	Kingstown	United Nations Member
	Confederate States of America	Richmond	United Nations Member	Constitutional democracy (Presidential republic)
	Costa Rica	See FSC
	Cuba	See FSC
	Dominican Republic	Santo Domingo	United Nations Member	Representative Democracy
	El Salvador	See FSC
	Florida	Miami	United Nations Member	Representative Democracy
	Greenland	Nuuk	United Nations Member	Self-governing territory of the Danish Realm
	Guatemala	See FSC
	Haiti	See Dominican Republic
	Honduras	See FSC
	Jamaica	Kingston	United Nations Member	Parliamentary democracy
	Juneau	Juneau	United Nations Member	Unitary Communist state
	Louisiana	Kansas City	United Nations Member	Constitutional democracy (Presidential republic)
	Maine	Portland	United Nations Member	Representative Democracy
	Mexico	See FSC
	Michigan	Detroit	United Nations Member	Representative Democracy
	Minnesota	St. Paul	United Nations Member	Federal republic
	Mohave	Salt Lake City	United Nations Member	Federal republic
	Nicaragua	See FSC
	Ohio	Chicago	United Nations Member	Parliamentary democracy
	Oregon	Seattle	United Nations Member	Parliamentary democracy
	Panama	See FSC
	Quebec	Quebec City	United Nations Member	Federal presidential constitutional republic
	Puerto Rico	San Juan	United Nations Member	Insular area of the Florida
	Texas	Texas City	United Nations Member	Federal presidential constitutional republic
	United States of America	Philadelphia	United Nations Member	Federal presidential constitutional republic

Middle East

Nations
Flag	Nation	Capital	Status	Pacifico Government Index
	Abkhazia	Sukhumi	United Nations Member	Unitary parliamentary democracy and Constitutional monarchy
	Afghanistan	see India
File:Fascist Italy flag.jpg	Akrotiri and Dhekelia	Episkopi Cantonment	United Nations Member, Overseas territory of Italy	Overseas department
	Armenia	Yerevan	United Nations Member	Presidential republic
	Azerbaijan	Baku	United Nations Member	Presidential republic
	Bahrain	Manama	United Nations Member	Constitutional Monarchy
	Bangladesh	see India
	Crimea	Azov	United Nations Member	Presidential republic
	Cyprus	Nicosia	United Nations Member	Constitutional Monarchy
	Georgia	Tbilisi	United Nations Member	Unitary semi-presidential republic
	India	New Delhi	United Nations Member	Hindu theocracy, Totalitarian Dictatorship
	Iran	Tehran	United Nations Member	Islamic republic
	Iraq	Baghdad	United Nations Member	Islamic republic
	Greek Israel, Lebanon, and Palestine	Jerusalem	UN district special administered regions. De jure Greek holding states	Unitary semi-presidential republic
	Jordan	Amman	United Nations Member	Constitutional monarchy
	Kazakhstan	Astana	United Nations Member	Presidential republic
	Kurdaq	Mababad	United Nations Member	Presidential republic
	Kurdistan	Tabriz	United Nations Member	Presidential republic
	Kuwait	Kuwait City	United Nations Member	Hereditary Constitutional
	Kyrgyzstan	Bishkek	United Nations Member	Parliamentary republic
	Maldives	Malé	United Nations Member	Presidential republic
	Pakistan	see India
	Qatar	Doha	United Nations Member	Absolute monarchy
	Saudi Arabia	Riyadh	United Nations Member	Unitary Islamic absolute monarchy
	Syria	Damascus	United Nations Member	Ba'athist Single-party state
	Tajikistan	Dushanbe	United Nations Member	Unitary semi-presidential republic
	Turkey	Ankara	United Nations Member	Parliamentary republic
	Turkmenistan	Ashgabat	United Nations Member	Presidential republic Single-party state
	United Arab Emirates	Abu Dhabi	United Nations Member	Constitutional federation of absolute monarchies with an executive president elected by Emir Council
	Uzbekistan	Tashkent	United Nations Member	Presidential Republic

South America

Nations
Flag	Nation	Capital	Status	Pacifico Government Index
	Argentina	Santiago	United Nations Member	Unitary Parliamentary democracy
	Bolivia	See FSC
	Brazil	See FSC
	Chile	See Argentina
	Federated States of Columbia	Bogotá	United Nations Member	Unitary presidential constitutional republic
	Ecuador	See FSC
	Falkland Islands	See Argentina
	Guyana	See FSC
	Paraguay	See FSC
	Peru	See FSC
	Uruguay	See FSC
	Venezuela	See FSC

Oceania

Nations
Flag	Nation	Capital	Status	Pacifico Government Index
	Ashmore, Carter, Cook, Coral Sea, and Norfolk Islands	See Australia
	Australia	Canberra	United Nations Member	Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy
	Baker, Guam, Howland, Jarvis, Mariana, Wake Islands, and Midway, Palmyra, Johnston Atoll, and Kingman Reef	See FSC
	Columbian Samoa	Pago Pago	United Nations Member	Federal parliamentary
	Fiji	Suva	United Nations Member	Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy
	Kiribati	South Tarawa	United Nations Member	Parliamentary republic
	Marshall Islands	Majuro	United Nations Member	Unitary presidential Democratic republic
	Micronesia	Palikir	United Nations Member	Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy
	Nauru	Yaren	United Nations Member	Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy
	New Zealand	Wellington	United Nations Member	Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy
	Niue, Tokelau	Alofi	United Nations Member	Self-governing parliamentary democracy in free association with New Zealand
	Palau	Melekeok	United Nations Member	Unitary presidential Democratic republic
	Papua New Guinea	Port Moresby	United Nations Member	Unitary parliamentary democracy and Constitutional monarchy
	Futurna, Pitcairn, New Caledonia, and Wallis Islands	Adamstown	United Nations Member	Self-governing parliamentary democracy in free association with Italy
	Samoa	Apia	United Nations Member	Self-governing parliamentary democracy in free association with Spain
	Solomon Islands	Honiara	United Nations Member	Self-governing parliamentary democracy in free association with Spain
	Tonga	Nukuʻalofa	United Nations Member	Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
	Tuvalu	Funafuti	United Nations Member	Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
	Vanuatu	Port Vila	United Nations Member	Unitary parliamentary republic
	Spanish Polynesia	Papeete	United Nations Member	Constitutional monarchy

Antarctica

Main article: AntarcticaFurther information: Geography of AntarcticaAntarctica is regulated by the Antarctic Treaty System, which defines it as all land and ice shelves south of 60°S, and has no government and belongs to no country. However, the following territorial claims in Antarctica have been made:

• Argentina: Argentine Antarctica
• Australia: Australian Antarctic Territory
• Denmark: Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land
• FSC: Antarctic Territory
• Italy: Adélie Land
• New Zealand: Ross Dependency
• (Unclaimed: Marie Byrd Land)

Moreover, the following dependent territories are situated in the wider Antarctic Region:

Antarctica

Nations
Flag	Nation	Capital	Status	Pacifico Government Index
	Bouvet Island	-	United Nations Member	Dependent territory of Denmark
	Spanish Southern Territories	-	United Nations Member	Dependent territory of Spain
	Heard Island and McDonald Islands	-	United Nations Member	Dependent territory of Australia
	South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands	-	United Nations Member	Dependent territory of Italy

Author: CassAnaya

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