Family tree of the rulers of Saxony.
This page lists the rulers of the Duchy of Saxony and its various partitions. The Duchy of Saxony was a state of the Holy Roman Empire, later elevated to a member of the imperial electorate, was ruled by the House of Ascania until 1435, when it was inherited by the House of Marck under Engelbert I, via his marriage to the last Ascanian duchess, Anna. Following the Lenzburg-Premyslid War rule over Saxony was passed to a junior branch under Edmund Alwin, and the territory of Saxe-Belzig was divided from Saxony under its own series of rulers. From the reign of Edmund Alwin the majority of rulers of Saxony had converted to the Jungist faith. This period also saw the partitioning of Saxony among younger sons more frequently, creating several different branches of Saxon dukes.
From 1534 on the Duchy of Saxony and any subsequent partitions remained part of the Rätian Union and organized into the province of Saxony, effectively keeping the territory united despite rulership being split. The primary inheritance of Saxony, known as the Duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg, retained the electoral right. Several Saxon rulers would also be elected Holy Roman Emperor, such as Wenceslaus, while the Jungist emperor during the Forty Years' War George I was of Saxon descent and ruler of Denmark.
Duchy and Electorate of Saxony[]
House of Ascanaia[]
| Picture | Name | Reign | Ruling Part | Marriages | Claim | CoA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Wenceslaus I (1337-1388) |
6 December 1370 – 15 May 1388 (56 years, 20 days) |
Electorate | Agnes von Lenzburg | Primogeniture
Son of Rudolf I |
|
|
Wenceslaus II (1374-1394) |
15 May 1388 – 12 November 1394 (56 years, 20 days) |
Electorate | Never married | Primogeniture
Son of Wenceslaus I |
|
|
Anna (1377-1435) |
12 November 1394 – 29 April 1435 (56 years, 20 days) |
Electorate | Engelbert I | Primogeniture
Daughter of Wenceslaus II |
House of Marck[]
In 1394 the House of Marck inherited the Duchy of Saxony via the marriage of Anna, Duchess of Saxony, who was the daughter of Wenceslaus II, and Engelbert IV, Count of Mark.
| Picture | Name | Reign | Ruling Part | Marriages | Dynasty | CoA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Engelbert I (1376-1446) |
12 November 1394 – 8 April 1446 (56 years, 20 days) |
Electorate | Anna of Saxony | Marck | 
|
|
Henry IV (1397-1468) |
8 April 1446 – 13 February 1468 (56 years, 20 days) |
Electorate | Blanche of Geneva | Marck |
|
|
Wenceslaus III (1425-1478) |
13 February 1468 – 5 February 1478 (56 years, 20 days) |
Electorate | Catherine Beaufort | Marck | 
|
|
Engelbert II (1452-1488) |
5 February 1478 – 16 August 1488 (56 years, 20 days) |
Electorate | Maria of Brandenburg | Marck | 
|
|
Edmund Alwin (1452/8-1533) |
16 August 1488 – 3 October 1533 (56 years, 20 days) |
Electorate | Clementia of Thuringia | Marck | 
|
|
Wolfgang I (1489-1577) |
3 October 1533 – 20 May 1577 (56 years, 20 days) |
Electorate | (1) Maria of Bohemia |
Marck | 
|
|
Wenceslaus I (1480-1545) |
3 October 1533 – 5 March 1545 (56 years, 20 days) |
Saxe-Lobnitz | Henrietta Edwardina de la Marck | Marck | |
|
Edmund I (1493-) |
3 October 1533 – 11 April 1539 (56 years, 20 days) |
Saxe-Jessen | Agnes von Jenagotha | Marck | |
|
Alwin I (1493-1567) |
3 October 1533 – 8 August 1567 (56 years, 20 days) |
Saxe-Lochau | Elisabeth Premyslid | Marck | |
|
Louis (1495-1563) |
3 October 1533 – 1 August 1563 (56 years, 20 days) |
Saxe-Wolfen | Bonne of Albret | Marck | |
|
Agnes Edmundina (1523-) |
11 April 1539 – (56 years, 20 days) |
Saxe-Jessen | Issachar von Jenagotha | Marck | |
| Issachar I (1520-1572) |
11 April 1539 – 7 July 1572 (56 years, 20 days) |
Saxe-Jessen | Agnes Edmundina | Jenagotha | ||
|
Wenceslaus II (1500-1567) |
5 March 1545 – 10 July 1567 (56 years, 20 days) |
Saxe-Lobnitz | Henrietta Edwardina de la Marck | Marck | |
|
George I (1536-1605) |
10 July 1567 – 16 April 1605 (56 years, 20 days) |
Saxe-Lobnitz | Maria of Wurzen | Marck | |
|
Edmund Alwin (1533-1593) |
8 August 1567 – 1 September 1593 (56 years, 20 days) |
Saxe-Lochau | Ottoline of the Palatinate | Marck | |
| Raphael (1547-) |
7 July 1572 – (56 years, 20 days) |
Saxe-Jessen | Jenagotha | |||
|
Henry V (1507-1595) |
20 May 1577 – 30 October 1595 (56 years, 20 days) |
Electorate | (1) Karoline Premyslid (2) Matilda Burkhart |
Marck | |
| Joseph Alwin (1509-) |
20 May 1577 – (56 years, 20 days) |
Saxe-Wartenburg | Bridget of Sweden | Marck | ||
| Wolfgang Alwin (1511-1567) |
20 May 1577 – 14 October 1567 (56 years, 20 days) |
Saxe-Zahna | Naamah of Hesse | Marck | ||
| Frederick (1527-1586) |
20 May 1577 – 2 August 1587 (56 years, 20 days) |
Saxe-Gräfenh- ainichen |
Marck | |||
|
Nathan (1593-1616?) |
1 September 1593 – 13 February 1608 (56 years, 20 days) |
Saxe-Lochau | Never married | Marck | |
|
Engelbert III (1538-1618) |
30 October 1595 – 4 August 1618 (56 years, 20 days) |
Electorate | Ladia, Princess of Gottingen | Marck | |
|
Louise (1570-1609) |
13 February 1608 – 29 July 1609 (56 years, 20 days) |
Saxe-Lochau | Never married | Marck |
Footnotes[]
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