List of prime ministers of Czechoslovakia (WFAC)

Chair of the Government of the Czechoslovak Federative Republic Předseda vlády Československé federativné republiky Predseda vlády Československej federativne republiky
Government Seal
Incumbent Markéta Pekarová Adamová since 25 October 2021
Style	Mrs Prime Minister (informal) Her Excellency (diplomatic)
Residence	Kramářova Vila
Seat	Prague
Appointer	President of Czechoslovakia
Term length	Four years, renewable indefinitely
Inaugural holder	Karel Kramář
Formation	14 November 1918 (1918-11-14)
Salary	2,925,600 Kč annually

The prime minister of Czechoslovakia, officially the Chair of the Government of the Czechoslovak Federative Republic (Czech: Předseda vlády Československé federativné republiky, Slovak: Predseda vlády Československej federativne republiky), is the head of the federal government of Czechoslovakia. The prime minister is the chief executive of the Federal Cabinet and heads the executive branch.

History

The office of Prime Minister was established in 1918. From 1918 to 1938, the government was centralized and located in Prague, although various officials had presided over executive bodies governing the Slovak part of Czechoslovakia. During the first four years from 1918 to 1922, there were three prime ministers from three different partier: Karel Kramář of the nationalist National Democracy, Vlastimil Tusar of the Social Democratic Party and Edvard Beneš of the National Socialist Party held the premiership. From 1922 to 1938, the period was dominated by Prime Ministers from the Republican Party of Agricultural and Smallholder People (RSZML, also known as "Agrarians" and, later, "Republicans") leading either grand coalitions (1922–1926, 1929–1938) or centre-right coalitions (1926–1929). The longest reigning Prime Minister of the first republic was Antonín Švehla, who held the premiership from 1922 to 1926 and from 1926 to 1929. On 5 November 1935 Milan Hodža became the first Slovak to be appointed Prime Minister, a position he held until 22 September 1938. During the Sudeten Crisis and the German invasion of Czechoslovakia, the premiership was held by General Jan Syrový heading a caretaker government.

Longest-sitting Prime Ministers

Nr.	Prime Minister	Party		Period	Days	Years, months, days
1	Alexander Dubček		ČSSD	3 June 1968 – 2 June 1976 13 March 1978 – 23 April 1982	4,423	12 years, 40 days
2	Václav Klaus		RS	3 July 1986 – 12 February 1996	3,511	9 years, 224 days
3	Miloslav Rechcígl		RS	11 June 1960 – 3 June 1968	2,914	7 years, 357 days
4	Robert Fico		ČSSD	6 November 2013 – 25 October 2021	2,910	7 years, 353 days
5	Václav Majer		ČSD	5 April 1945 – 2 July 1952	2,645	7 years, 88 days
6	Mirek Topolánek		RS	4 September 2006 – 6 November 2013	2,620	7 years, 63 days
7	Miloš Zeman		ČSSD	12 February 1996 – 24 June 2002	2,324	6 years, 133 days
8	Antonín Švehla		RSZML	7 October 1922 – 18 March 1926 12 October 1926 – 1 February 1929	2,102	5 years, 276 days

Living former Prime Ministers

Václav Klaus
born 19 July, 1941 (1941-07-19)
served 1986–1996

Miloš Zeman
born 28 September, 1944 (1944-09-28)
served 1996–2002

Vladimír Špidla
born 21 April, 1951 (1951-04-21)
served 2002–2006

Mirek Topolánek
born 15 May, 1956 (1956-05-15)
served 2006–2013

Robert Fico
born 15 September, 1964 (1964-09-15)
served 2021–2022

Amenities

Office and residences

The official residence of the Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia is Kramář's Villa (Kramářova vila). The residence is located at Gogolova 212/1, Hradčany, in the federal capital city of Prague. The building was built from 1911 to 1914 and designed by the Viennese architect Friedrich Ohmann.

Kramář's Villa (Kramářova vila), he official residence of the Prime Minister of the Czechoslovak Federal Republic.

Salary

The salaries of the cabinet ministers, including the Prime Minister, is decided by Cabinet Ministers' Salary Committee of the Federal Assembly.

List of Prime Ministers

Republic of Czechoslovakia (1918–1938)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Ethnicity	Term of office			Party		Cabinet
				Took office	Left office	Duration
1		Karel Kramář (1860–1937)	Czech	14 November 1918	8 July 1919	236 days		Czechoslovak National Democracy (ČsND)	Kramář All-national coalition ČsND – ČSDSD – RSZML – ČSNS – ČSLS	Revolutionary National Council
2		Vlastimil Tusar (1880–1924)	Czech	8 July 1919	25 May 1920	1 year, 69 days		Czechoslovak Social Democratic Worker's Party (ČSDSD)	Tusar I Red-Green coalition ČSDSD – RSZML – ČSNS
				25 May 1920	15 September 1920				Tusar II Red-Green coalition ČSDSD – RSZML – ČSNS	1 (1920)
3		Jan Černý (1874–1959)	Czech	15 September 1920	26 September 1921	1 year, 11 days		Independent	Černý I Caretaker cabinet
4		Edvard Beneš (1874–1959)	Czech	26 September 1921	7 October 1922	1 year, 11 days		Czechoslovak National Socialist Party (ČSNS)	Beneš All-national coalition RSZML – ČSDSD – ČSNS – ČSL – ČsND
5		Antonín Švehla (1873–1933)	Czech	7 October 1922	9 December 1925	3 years, 162 days		Republican Party of Agricultural and Smallholder People (RSZML)	Švehla I All-national coalition RSZML – ČSDSD – ČSNS – ČSL – ČsND
				9 December 1925	18 March 1926				Švehla II All-national coalition RSZML – ČSDSD – ČSNS – ČSL – ČsND	2 (1925)
6		Jan Černý (1874–1959)	Czech	18 March 1926	12 October 1926	208 days		Independent	Černý II Caretaker cabinet
7		Antonín Švehla (1873–1933)	Czech	12 October 1926	1 February 1929	2 years, 112 days		Republican Party of Agricultural and Smallholder People (RSZML)	Švehla III Gentlemen’s coalition RSZML – ČSL – ČŽOS – ČsND – HSĽS – BdL – DCV
8		František Udržal (1866–1938)	Czech	1 February 1929	7 December 1929	3 years, 266 days		Republican Party of Agricultural and Smallholder People (RSZML)	Udržal I Gentlemen’s coalition RSZML – ČSL – ČŽOS – ČsND – HSĽS – BdL – DCV
				7 December 1929	24 October 1932				Udržal II Grand coalition RSZML – ČSDSD – ČSL – ČSNS – ČsND – ČŽOS – DSAP – BdL	3 (1929)
9		Jan Malypetr (1873–1947)	Czech	24 October 1932	14 February 1934	3 years, 12 days		Republican Party of Agricultural and Smallholder People (RSZML)	Malypetr I Grand coalition RSZML – ČSDSD – ČSL – ČSNS – ČsND – DSAP – BdL
				14 February 1934	4 June 1935				Malypetr II Grand coalition RSZML – ČSDSD – ČSL – ČSNS – ČsND – ČŽOS – DSAP – BdL
				4 June 1935	5 November 1935				Malypetr III Grand coalition RSZML – ČSDSD – ČSL – ČSNS – ČŽOS – DSAP – BdL	4 (1935)
10		Milan Hodža (1878–1944)	Slovak	5 November 1935	18 December 1935	3 years, 12 days		Republican Party of Agricultural and Smallholder People (RSZML)	Hodža I Grand coalition RSZML – ČSDSD – ČSL – ČSNS – ČsND – DSAP – BdL
				18 December 1935	21 July 1937				Hodža II Grand coalition RSZML – ČSDSD – ČSL – ČSNS – ČŽOS – DSAP – BdL – DCV
				21 July 1937	22 September 1938				Hodža III Grand coalition RSZML – ČSDSD – ČSL – ČSNS – ČŽOS – NS – DSAP – BdL
11		Arm. Gen. Jan Syrový (1888–1970)	Czech	22 September 1938	17 November 1938	56 days		Independent	Cabinet of the Defence of the Republic

Government of the Republic of Czechoslovakia in Exile (1938-1945)

After the German conquest of Czechoslovakia, a Czechoslovak government-in-exile was formed first in Paris under the protection of France and Britain. Following the Fall of France, the Czechoslovak government-in-exile relocated to London. Šrámek was appointed prime minister in exile by President Edvard Beneš on 21 July 1939 and served until 5 April 1945. The government was recognized by France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and, later, by the United States. On 5 April 1945, a new government-in-exile was formally installed in Košice with Václav Majer as Prime Minister. He headed a grand coalition named the National Front (Czech: Národní fronta, Slovak: Národný front) which governed until the formation of the Interim National Assembly on 28 October 1945.

Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Ethnicity	Term of office			Party		Cabinet
			Took office	Left office	Duration
	Arm. Gen. Jan Syrový (1888–1970)	Czech	17 November 1938	21 July 1939	246 days		Independent	Syrový II RSZML – ČSDSD – ČSL – ČSNS – SĽS
	Msgr. ThDr Jan Šrámek (1870–1956)	Czech	22 September 1938	21 July 1939	5 years, 258 days		Czechoslovak People’s Party (ČSL)	Šrámek I RSZML – ČSDSD – ČSL – ČSNS – SĽS
			12 November 1942	5 April 1945				Šrámek II RSZML – ČSDSD – ČSL – ČSNS – SĽS
	Václav Majer (1904–1972)	Czech	5 April 1945	6 November 1945	215 days		Czechoslovak Social Democracy (ČSD)	Majer I National Front ČSD – RS – KSČ – ČSL – ČSNS

Czechoslovak Republic (1945–1948)

On 6 November 1945, the first post-war government was appointed by the Interim National Assembly. Václav Majer of the Czechoslovak Social Democracy (ČSD) was Prime Minister, heading a National Front coalition which governed until the new Federal Constitution had been adopted by the Constituent National Assembly and the first federal elections for the Federal Assembly were held in 1948. The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ) participated in the government from 1945 until the Communist cabinet ministers were expelled from the government on 24 February 1948 in response to the communist coup attempt.

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Ethnicity	Term of office			Party		Cabinet
				Took office	Left office	Duration
12		Václav Majer (1904–1972)	Czech	5 April 1945	2 July 1946	3 years, 87 days		Czechoslovak Social Democracy (ČSD)	Majer I National Front ČSD – RS – KSČ – ČSL – ČSNS	Interim National Assembly
				2 July 1946	27 February 1948				Majer II National Front ČSD – RS – KSČ – ČSL – ČSNS	Constituent National Assembly
				27 February 1948	1 July 1948				Majer III National Front ČSD – RS – ČSL – ČSNS

Czechoslovak Federative Republic (since 1948)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Ethnicity	Term of office			Party		Cabinet
				Took office	Left office	Duration
12		Václav Majer (1904–1972)	Czech	1 July 1948	26 June 1952	3 years, 361 days		Czechoslovak Social Democracy (ČSD)	Majer IV National Front ČSD – RS – ČSL – ČSNS	1 (1948)
13		Josef Černý (1885–1971)	Czech	26 June 1952	13 March 1955	2 years, 260 days		Republican Party (RS)	Černý RS – ČSD – ČSL – ČSNS	2 (1952)
14		Jozef Lettrich (1905–1969)	Slovak	13 March 1955	8 June 1956	5 years, 92 days		Republican Party (RS)	Lettrich I RS – ČSD – ČSL – ČSNS
				8 June 1956	13 June 1960				Lettrich II RS – ČSD – ČSL – ČSNS	3 (1956)
15		Miloslav Rechcígl (1904–1973)	Czech	13 June 1960	5 July 1964	7 years, 356 days		Republican Party (RS)	Rechcígl I RS – ČSD – ČSL – ČSNS	4 (1960)
				5 July 1964	3 June 1968				Rechcígl II RS – ČSL	5 (1964)
16		Alexander Dubček (1921–2006)	Slovak	3 June 1968	5 June 1972	8 years, 21 days		Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party (ČSSD)	Dubček I ČSSD – ČSNS	6 (1968)
				5 June 1972	24 June 1976				Dubček II ČSSD – ČSNS	7 (1972)
17		Lubor Zink (1920–2003)	Czech	24 June 1976	13 March 1978	1 year, 262 days		Republican Party (RS)	Zink RS – ČSL – SD	8 (1976)
18		Svatopluk Potáč (1925–2014)	Czech	13 March 1978	9 October 1978	210 days		Independent	Potáč Caretaker cabinet
19		Alexander Dubček (1921–2006)	Slovak	9 October 1978	26 May 1981	3 years, 298 days		Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party (ČSSD)	Dubček III ČSSD – RS – ČSL	9 (1978)
				26 May 1981	24 September 1981				Dubček IV ČSSD
				24 September 1981	3 August 1982				Dubček V ČSSD – ČSL – ČSNS
20		Jiří Horák (1924–2003)	Czech	3 August 1982	11 July 1986	3 years, 342 days		Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party (ČSSD)	Horák ČSSD – ČSL – ČSNS	10 (1982)
21		Václav Klaus (1941–)	Czech	11 July 1986	12 July 1990	9 years, 216 days		Republican Party (RS)	Klaus I RS – ČSL	11 (1986)
				12 July 1990	7 July 1994				Klaus II RS – ČSL	12 (1990)
				7 July 1994	12 February 1996				Klaus III RS – ČSL	13 (1994)
22		Josef Tošovský (1950–)	Czech	12 February 1996	22 July 1996	161 days		Independent	Tošovský Caretaker cabinet
23		Miloš Zeman (1944–)	Czech	22 July 1996	25 July 2000	5 years, 337 days		Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party (ČSSD)	Zeman I ČSSD	14 (1996)
				25 July 2000	15 July 2002				Zeman II ČSSD – ČSL – ČSNS	15 (2000)
24		Vladimír Špidla (1951–)	Czech	15 July 2002	4 September 2006	4 years, 51 days		Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party (ČSSD)	Špidla ČSSD – ČSL – ČSNS – SZ	16 (2002)
25		Mirek Topolánek (1956–)	Czech	4 September 2006	9 January 2007	6 years, 248 days		Republican Party (RS)	Topolánek I RS	17 (2006)
				9 January 2007	13 July 2010				Topolánek II RS – ČSL – SZ
				13 July 2010	10 May 2013				Topolánek III RS – ČSL – LDS	18 (2010)
26		Jan Fischer (1956–)	Czech	10 May 2013	6 December 2013	210 days		Independent	Fischer Caretaker cabinet
27		Robert Fico (1964–)	Slovak	6 December 2013	13 December 2017	8 years, 11 days		Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party (ČSSD)	Fico I ČSSD – ČSNS – ČSL	19 (2013)
				13 December 2017	17 December 2021				Fico II ČSSD – ČSNS – SD	20 (2017)
28		Markéta Adamová (1984–)	Czech	17 December 2021	Present	2 years, 355 days		Republican Party (RS)	Adamová SPOLU RS – ČSL – SZ	21 (2021)

See also

• List of Presidents of Czechoslovakia (WFAC)
• Czechoslovakia (WFAC)