Chair of the Government of the Czechoslovak Federative Republic
Předseda vlády Československé federativné republiky Predseda vlády Československej federativne republiky | |
---|---|
Government Seal | |
Style | Mrs Prime Minister (informal) Her Excellency (diplomatic) |
Residence | Kramářova Vila |
Seat | Prague |
Appointer | President of Czechoslovakia |
Term length | Four years, renewable indefinitely |
Inaugural holder | Karel Kramář |
Formation | 14 November 1918 |
Salary | 2,925,600 Kč annually |
The prime minister of Czechoslovakia, officially the Chair of the Government of the Czechoslovak Federative Republic (Czech: Předseda vlády Československé federativné republiky, Slovak: Predseda vlády Československej federativne republiky), is the head of the federal government of Czechoslovakia. The prime minister is the chief executive of the Federal Cabinet and heads the executive branch.
Role and authority[]
Vote of confidence[]
History[]
The office of Prime Minister was established in 1918. From 1918 to 1938, the government was centralized and located in Prague, although various officials had presided over executive bodies governing the Slovak part of Czechoslovakia. During the first four years from 1918 to 1922, there were three prime ministers from three different partier: Karel Kramář of the nationalist National Democracy, Vlastimil Tusar of the Social Democratic Party and Edvard Beneš of the National Socialist Party held the premiership. From 1922 to 1938, the period was dominated by Prime Ministers from the Republican Party of Agricultural and Smallholder People (RSZML, also known as "Agrarians" and, later, "Republicans") leading either grand coalitions (1922–1926, 1929–1938) or centre-right coalitions (1926–1929). The longest reigning Prime Minister of the first republic was Antonín Švehla, who held the premiership from 1922 to 1926 and from 1926 to 1929. On 5 November 1935 Milan Hodža became the first Slovak to be appointed Prime Minister, a position he held until 22 September 1938. During the Sudeten Crisis and the German invasion of Czechoslovakia, the premiership was held by General Jan Syrový heading a caretaker government.
Longest-sitting Prime Ministers[]
Nr. | Prime Minister | Party | Period | Days | Years, months, days | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Alexander Dubček | ČSSD | 3 June 1968 – 2 June 1976 13 March 1978 – 23 April 1982 |
4,423 | 12 years, 40 days | |
2 | Václav Klaus | RS | 3 July 1986 – 12 February 1996 | 3,511 | 9 years, 224 days | |
3 | Miloslav Rechcígl | RS | 11 June 1960 – 3 June 1968 | 2,914 | 7 years, 357 days | |
4 | Robert Fico | ČSSD | 6 November 2013 – 25 October 2021 | 2,910 | 7 years, 353 days | |
5 | Václav Majer | ČSD | 5 April 1945 – 2 July 1952 | 2,645 | 7 years, 88 days | |
6 | Mirek Topolánek | RS | 4 September 2006 – 6 November 2013 | 2,620 | 7 years, 63 days | |
7 | Miloš Zeman | ČSSD | 12 February 1996 – 24 June 2002 | 2,324 | 6 years, 133 days | |
8 | Antonín Švehla | RSZML | 7 October 1922 – 18 March 1926 12 October 1926 – 1 February 1929 |
2,102 | 5 years, 276 days |
Living former Prime Ministers[]
Amenities[]
Office and residences[]
The official residence of the Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia is Kramář's Villa (Kramářova vila). The residence is located at Gogolova 212/1, Hradčany, in the federal capital city of Prague. The building was built from 1911 to 1914 and designed by the Viennese architect Friedrich Ohmann.
Salary[]
The salaries of the cabinet ministers, including the Prime Minister, is decided by Cabinet Ministers' Salary Committee of the Federal Assembly.
List of Prime Ministers[]
Republic of Czechoslovakia (1918–1938)[]
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Ethnicity | Term of office | Party | Cabinet | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Duration | ||||||||
1 | Karel Kramář (1860–1937) |
Czech | 14 November 1918 |
8 July 1919 |
236 days | Czechoslovak National Democracy (ČsND) |
Kramář All-national coalition ČsND – ČSDSD – RSZML – ČSNS – ČSLS |
Revolutionary National Council | ||
2 | Vlastimil Tusar (1880–1924) |
Czech | 8 July 1919 |
25 May 1920 |
1 year, 69 days | Czechoslovak Social Democratic Worker's Party (ČSDSD) |
Tusar I Red-Green coalition ČSDSD – RSZML – ČSNS | |||
25 May 1920 |
15 September 1920 |
Tusar II Red-Green coalition ČSDSD – RSZML – ČSNS |
1 (1920) | |||||||
3 | Jan Černý (1874–1959) |
Czech | 15 September 1920 |
26 September 1921 |
1 year, 11 days | Independent | Černý I Caretaker cabinet | |||
4 | Edvard Beneš (1874–1959) |
Czech | 26 September 1921 |
7 October 1922 |
1 year, 11 days | Czechoslovak National Socialist Party (ČSNS) |
Beneš All-national coalition RSZML – ČSDSD – ČSNS – ČSL – ČsND | |||
5 | Antonín Švehla (1873–1933) |
Czech | 7 October 1922 |
9 December 1925 |
3 years, 162 days | Republican Party of Agricultural and Smallholder People (RSZML) |
Švehla I All-national coalition RSZML – ČSDSD – ČSNS – ČSL – ČsND | |||
9 December 1925 |
18 March 1926 |
Švehla II All-national coalition RSZML – ČSDSD – ČSNS – ČSL – ČsND |
2 (1925) | |||||||
6 | Jan Černý (1874–1959) |
Czech | 18 March 1926 |
12 October 1926 |
208 days | Independent | Černý II Caretaker cabinet | |||
7 | Antonín Švehla (1873–1933) |
Czech | 12 October 1926 |
1 February 1929 |
2 years, 112 days | Republican Party of Agricultural and Smallholder People (RSZML) |
Švehla III Gentlemen’s coalition RSZML – ČSL – ČŽOS – ČsND – HSĽS – BdL – DCV | |||
8 | František Udržal (1866–1938) |
Czech | 1 February 1929 |
7 December 1929 |
3 years, 266 days | Republican Party of Agricultural and Smallholder People (RSZML) |
Udržal I Gentlemen’s coalition RSZML – ČSL – ČŽOS – ČsND – HSĽS – BdL – DCV | |||
7 December 1929 |
24 October 1932 |
Udržal II Grand coalition RSZML – ČSDSD – ČSL – ČSNS – ČsND – ČŽOS – DSAP – BdL |
3 (1929) | |||||||
9 | Jan Malypetr (1873–1947) |
Czech | 24 October 1932 |
14 February 1934 |
3 years, 12 days | Republican Party of Agricultural and Smallholder People (RSZML) |
Malypetr I Grand coalition RSZML – ČSDSD – ČSL – ČSNS – ČsND – DSAP – BdL | |||
14 February 1934 |
4 June 1935 |
Malypetr II Grand coalition RSZML – ČSDSD – ČSL – ČSNS – ČsND – ČŽOS – DSAP – BdL | ||||||||
4 June 1935 |
5 November 1935 |
Malypetr III Grand coalition RSZML – ČSDSD – ČSL – ČSNS – ČŽOS – DSAP – BdL |
4 (1935) | |||||||
10 | Milan Hodža (1878–1944) |
Slovak | 5 November 1935 |
18 December 1935 |
3 years, 12 days | Republican Party of Agricultural and Smallholder People (RSZML) |
Hodža I Grand coalition RSZML – ČSDSD – ČSL – ČSNS – ČsND – DSAP – BdL | |||
18 December 1935 |
21 July 1937 |
Hodža II Grand coalition RSZML – ČSDSD – ČSL – ČSNS – ČŽOS – DSAP – BdL – DCV | ||||||||
21 July 1937 |
22 September 1938 |
Hodža III Grand coalition RSZML – ČSDSD – ČSL – ČSNS – ČŽOS – NS – DSAP – BdL | ||||||||
11 | Arm. Gen. Jan Syrový (1888–1970) |
Czech | 22 September 1938 |
17 November 1938 |
56 days | Independent | Cabinet of the Defence of the Republic |
Government of the Republic of Czechoslovakia in Exile (1938-1945)[]
After the German conquest of Czechoslovakia, a Czechoslovak government-in-exile was formed first in Paris under the protection of France and Britain. Following the Fall of France, the Czechoslovak government-in-exile relocated to London. Šrámek was appointed prime minister in exile by President Edvard Beneš on 21 July 1939 and served until 5 April 1945. The government was recognized by France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and, later, by the United States. On 5 April 1945, a new government-in-exile was formally installed in Košice with Václav Majer as Prime Minister. He headed a grand coalition named the National Front (Czech: Národní fronta, Slovak: Národný front) which governed until the formation of the Interim National Assembly on 28 October 1945.
Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Ethnicity | Term of office | Party | Cabinet | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Duration | |||||||
Arm. Gen. Jan Syrový (1888–1970) |
Czech | 17 November 1938 |
21 July 1939 |
246 days | Independent | Syrový II RSZML – ČSDSD – ČSL – ČSNS – SĽS | |||
Msgr. ThDr Jan Šrámek (1870–1956) |
Czech | 22 September 1938 |
21 July 1939 |
5 years, 258 days | Czechoslovak People’s Party (ČSL) |
Šrámek I RSZML – ČSDSD – ČSL – ČSNS – SĽS | |||
12 November 1942 |
5 April 1945 |
Šrámek II RSZML – ČSDSD – ČSL – ČSNS – SĽS | |||||||
Václav Majer (1904–1972) |
Czech | 5 April 1945 |
6 November 1945 |
215 days | Czechoslovak Social Democracy (ČSD) |
Majer I National Front ČSD – RS – KSČ – ČSL – ČSNS |
Czechoslovak Republic (1945–1948)[]
On 6 November 1945, the first post-war government was appointed by the Interim National Assembly. Václav Majer of the Czechoslovak Social Democracy (ČSD) was Prime Minister, heading a National Front coalition which governed until the new Federal Constitution had been adopted by the Constituent National Assembly and the first federal elections for the Federal Assembly were held in 1948. The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ) participated in the government from 1945 until the Communist cabinet ministers were expelled from the government on 24 February 1948 in response to the communist coup attempt.
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Ethnicity | Term of office | Party | Cabinet | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Duration | ||||||||
12 | Václav Majer (1904–1972) |
Czech | 5 April 1945 |
2 July 1946 |
3 years, 87 days | Czechoslovak Social Democracy (ČSD) |
Majer I National Front ČSD – RS – KSČ – ČSL – ČSNS |
Interim National Assembly | ||
2 July 1946 |
27 February 1948 |
Majer II National Front ČSD – RS – KSČ – ČSL – ČSNS |
Constituent National Assembly | |||||||
27 February 1948 |
1 July 1948 |
Majer III National Front ČSD – RS – ČSL – ČSNS |
Czechoslovak Federative Republic (since 1948)[]
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Ethnicity | Term of office | Party | Cabinet | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Duration | ||||||||
12 | Václav Majer (1904–1972) |
Czech | 1 July 1948 |
26 June 1952 |
3 years, 361 days | Czechoslovak Social Democracy (ČSD) |
Majer IV National Front ČSD – RS – ČSL – ČSNS |
1 (1948) | ||
13 | Josef Černý (1885–1971) |
Czech | 26 June 1952 |
13 March 1955 |
2 years, 260 days | Republican Party (RS) |
Černý RS – ČSD – ČSL – ČSNS |
2 (1952) | ||
14 | Jozef Lettrich (1905–1969) |
Slovak | 13 March 1955 |
8 June 1956 |
5 years, 92 days | Republican Party (RS) |
Lettrich I RS – ČSD – ČSL – ČSNS | |||
8 June 1956 |
13 June 1960 |
Lettrich II RS – ČSD – ČSL – ČSNS |
3 (1956) | |||||||
15 | Miloslav Rechcígl (1904–1973) |
Czech | 13 June 1960 |
5 July 1964 |
7 years, 356 days | Republican Party (RS) |
Rechcígl I RS – ČSD – ČSL – ČSNS |
4 (1960) | ||
5 July 1964 |
3 June 1968 |
Rechcígl II RS – ČSL |
5 (1964) | |||||||
16 | Alexander Dubček (1921–2006) |
Slovak | 3 June 1968 |
5 June 1972 |
8 years, 21 days | Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party (ČSSD) |
Dubček I ČSSD – ČSNS |
6 (1968) | ||
5 June 1972 |
24 June 1976 |
Dubček II ČSSD – ČSNS |
7 (1972) | |||||||
17 | Lubor Zink (1920–2003) |
Czech | 24 June 1976 |
13 March 1978 |
1 year, 262 days | Republican Party (RS) |
Zink RS – ČSL – SD |
8 (1976) | ||
18 | Svatopluk Potáč (1925–2014) |
Czech | 13 March 1978 |
9 October 1978 |
210 days | Independent | Potáč Caretaker cabinet | |||
19 | Alexander Dubček (1921–2006) |
Slovak | 9 October 1978 |
26 May 1981 |
3 years, 298 days | Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party (ČSSD) |
Dubček III ČSSD – RS – ČSL |
9 (1978) | ||
26 May 1981 |
24 September 1981 |
Dubček IV ČSSD | ||||||||
24 September 1981 |
3 August 1982 |
Dubček V ČSSD – ČSL – ČSNS | ||||||||
20 | Jiří Horák (1924–2003) |
Czech | 3 August 1982 |
11 July 1986 |
3 years, 342 days | Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party (ČSSD) |
Horák ČSSD – ČSL – ČSNS |
10 (1982) | ||
21 | Václav Klaus (1941–) |
Czech | 11 July 1986 |
12 July 1990 |
9 years, 216 days | Republican Party (RS) |
Klaus I RS – ČSL |
11 (1986) | ||
12 July 1990 |
7 July 1994 |
Klaus II RS – ČSL |
12 (1990) | |||||||
7 July 1994 |
12 February 1996 |
Klaus III RS – ČSL |
13 (1994) | |||||||
22 | Josef Tošovský (1950–) |
Czech | 12 February 1996 |
22 July 1996 |
161 days | Independent | Tošovský Caretaker cabinet | |||
23 | Miloš Zeman (1944–) |
Czech | 22 July 1996 |
25 July 2000 |
5 years, 337 days | Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party (ČSSD) |
Zeman I ČSSD |
14 (1996) | ||
25 July 2000 |
15 July 2002 |
Zeman II ČSSD – ČSL – ČSNS |
15 (2000) | |||||||
24 | Vladimír Špidla (1951–) |
Czech | 15 July 2002 |
4 September 2006 |
4 years, 51 days | Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party (ČSSD) |
Špidla ČSSD – ČSL – ČSNS – SZ |
16 (2002) | ||
25 | Mirek Topolánek (1956–) |
Czech | 4 September 2006 |
9 January 2007 |
6 years, 248 days | Republican Party (RS) |
Topolánek I RS |
17 (2006) | ||
9 January 2007 |
13 July 2010 |
Topolánek II RS – ČSL – SZ | ||||||||
13 July 2010 |
10 May 2013 |
Topolánek III RS – ČSL – LDS |
18 (2010) | |||||||
26 | Jan Fischer (1956–) |
Czech | 10 May 2013 |
6 December 2013 |
210 days | Independent | Fischer Caretaker cabinet | |||
27 | Robert Fico (1964–) |
Slovak | 6 December 2013 |
13 December 2017 |
8 years, 11 days | Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party (ČSSD) |
Fico I ČSSD – ČSNS – ČSL |
19 (2013) | ||
13 December 2017 |
17 December 2021 |
Fico II ČSSD – ČSNS – SD |
20 (2017) | |||||||
28 | Markéta Adamová (1984–) |
Czech | 17 December 2021 |
Present | 2 years, 350 days | Republican Party (RS) |
Adamová SPOLU RS – ČSL – SZ |
21 (2021) |
See also[]
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