Military History of the Abbasid Caliphate (Merveilles des Morte)

With nearly a thousand years of recorded history, and since the rise of the Rashidun Caliphate following the death of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad, the Middle East has had a long, varied, and checkered military culture and history, ranging from triumphant and unchallenged military conquests and supremacy, to a series of internal conflict that nearly saw the catastrophic collapse of the Caliphate and subsequently, Islam.

This list primarily mentions the Military History of the Abbasid Caliphate since it's restoration. The Abbasid Caliphate would find it's origin in the Movement of the Men of the Black Raiment, where they would conquer the Umayyad Empire, securing large swaths of territory and orchestrating the Islamic Golden Age. Although the Abbasid Caliphate would fall in the Siege of Baghdad (1258), the Caliph would migrate to Egypt before being revived temporarily during much of the 14th century. As a result, the Abbasid Caliphate is an empire which has had a long and complex history and, as a result, has been involved in a broad range of conflicts. The conflicts that the Caliphate has had or are currently participating in are as follows, displayed in a manner to indicate which Caliph ruled during each war since the restoration of the seat of power in 1491.

List of Wars

Caliph al-Mustanṣir II (1480 - 1491, 1497 - 1504)

Conflict	Year(s)	Side One	Side Two	Result
Collapse of the Mamluke Sultanate	1480-1497	Mamluke Sultanate Abbasid Dynasty Cypriot Sultanate Ifriqiya Sultanate Munfarid Dynasty	Empire of Georgia (1480-1491) Byzantium (1480-1491) Hafsid Empire	Inconclusive victory Treaty of Damascus Abbasid Caliphate restored
Rif War	1502-1504	Abbasid Caliphate Wattasid Kingdom	Spanish Empire Celtic Confederacy France	Status Quo Army of the Caliphate withdraws from Rif

Caliph al-Maālīk (1504 - 1521)

Conflict	Year(s)	Side One	Side Two	Result
Red Sea War	1513-1520	Abbasid Caliphate Sunni Yemen	Ethiopia Zadiyyah Yemen Alodia Mali Spain Portugal	Victory Treaty of Aden Aden is ceded to Ethiopia Yemen is annexed by the Abbasid Caliphate

Caliph al-Abdūkʿrāhman (1521 - 1564)

Conflict	Year(s)	Side One	Side Two	Result
Conquest of Oman	1529	Abbasid Caliphate	Imamate of Oman	Victory Oman becomes a vassal of the Caliphate
Abbasid-Georgian War	1531-1536	Abbasid Caliphate Wattasid Kingdom Safavid Empire	Empire of Georgia Byzantium Spanish Empire Russian Empire	Victory Treaty of Jerusalem Georgia cedes southern Iraq and Syria to the Caliphate
Abbasid-Safavid War	1545-1552	Abbasid Caliphate Emirate of Arabia Gurkani Dynasty	Safavid Empire	Victory Gurkani Dynasty installed in Persia
Shi'ite Revolts	1548-1550	Abbasid Caliphate Gurkani Sultanate	Yemen Imamate Shi'ite Slaves	Victory Rebellion Crushed
Eastern Expansion	1556-1561	Gurkani Sultanate Abbasid Caliphate	Kingdom of Baloch Uzbek Emirate Tajik Emirate Khanate of Bukhara	Victory Baloch, Uzbek, and Tajik Emirates are annexed by the Gurkani

Caliph al-Abdūkʿrāhman II (1564 - 1572)

Conflict	Year(s)	Side One	Side Two	Result
Shi'ite Revolts	1564-1565	Abbasid Caliphate	Shi'ite Slaves	Victory Rebellion Crushed
Abbasid-Ethiopian War	1569-1571	Abbasid Caliphate Funj Sultanate	Ethiopian Empire Portugal	Victory Ethiopia cedes Aden and Mogadishu

Caliph al-Mūkhtār (1572 - 1592)

Conflict	Year(s)	Side One	Side Two	Result
Abbasid-Georgian War	1573-1585	Abbasid Caliphate Gurkani Sultanate Emirate of Arabia	Empire of Georgia Circassia Byzantium	Victory Treaty of Baghdad
Zaidiyyah Revolt	1575-1578	Abbasid Caliphate	Yemen Imamate	Defeat Imamate of Yemen becomes independent
Abbasid-Portuguese War	1579-1583	Abbasid Caliphate Emirate of Arabia Imamate of Oman	Portugal Ethiopia	Defeat Caliphate cedes Muscat to Portugal

Caliph al-Mustanṣir II (1592 - 1611)

Conflict	Year(s)	Side One	Side Two	Result
Abbasid-Georgian War	1592-1601	Abbasid Caliphate Gurkani Sultanate Emirate of Arabia	Empire of Georgia Circassia Byzantium Russian Empire	Inconclusive Treaty of Baghdad
Gurkani War of Succession	1604-1611	Abbasid Caliphate	Gurkani Sultanate Bagrat Sultanate Khanate of Bukhara Ulema (1611)	Inconclusive Culminates in the Sixth Fitna

Caliph al-Mutawakkil II (1611 - 1615)

Conflict	Year(s)	Side One	Side Two	Result
Sixth Fitna	1611-1615	Abbasid Caliphate	Council of Enlightened Scholars Emirate of Arabia Gurkani Sultanate Imamate of Oman Munfarid Dynasty	Defeat Mandate of Damascus Abbasid Caliphate is dissolved.

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