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History[]
The Mexican Empire was proclaimed on February 24, 1821, with the signing of the Plan of Iguala. The empire was originally intended to enter into a personal union with Ferdinand VII of Spain. This was rejected by Ferdinand and attempts to find another contender from the House of Bourbon proved problematic because of Spain. The same year, a war broke out between Spain and the Russian Empire over the Ross Colony in the Californias. Both the Russian Empire and the Russian-American Company entered into talks with the newly established Mexican Empire. In exchange for helping secure Russian territorial expansion in Northern California, the Russians would assist Mexico in finding a suitable monarch from Europe.
Following Spain's recognition of Mexico's independence in 1824, the Russians were able to persuade the Austrians to allow Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen (who was also the son of a Spanish princess) to take the throne.
List of Monarchs[]
| Name | Portrait | Reign Start | Reign End | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| House of Habsburg-Lorraine | ||||
| Charles (Carlos) (5 September 1771 — 30 April 1847) |
|
1824 | 30 April 1847 | First monarch of an independent Mexico. |
| Albert I (Alberto I) (3 August 1817 — 18 February 1895) |
|
30 April 1847 | 18 February 1895 | Eldest son of Charles. |
| Albert II (Alberto II) (4 June 1856 — 30 December 1936) |
|
18 February 1895 | 30 December 1936 | Nephew of Albert I. The first monarch to be born in Mexico. |
| Mary Christina (María Cristina) (17 November 1879 — 6 August 1962) |
|
30 December 1936 | 6 August 1962 | Eldest daughter of Albert II and first monarch under new succession laws. First and only Empress of Mexico. The last Habsburg monarch of Mexico. |
| House of Salm-Salm | ||||
| Emmanuel I (Manuel I) (14 February 1906 — 15 January 1988) |
|
6 August 1962 | 15 January 1988 | First Salm-Salm monarch of Mexico. |
| Emmanuel II (Manuel II) (19 May 1933 — 6 August 2024) |
|
15 January 1988 | 11 October 2023 | Eldest son of Emmanuel I. First monarch to abdicate. |
| Emmanuel III (Manuel III) (6 December 1961 — Present) |
|
11 October 2023 | Present | Eldest son of Emmanuel II. |
