Fall of Egypt[]
Originally the Mongols failed to conquer Egypt this was mostly due to the Mongols suffering from internal conflict and being more focused on their wars in China than expanding further into The Middle East thus losing the battle of Ain Jalut and being forced to retreat from North Africa and never posing a threat to Egypt ever again.
However, in this timeline the Mongols are able to set their differences aside and set up a better invasion of Egypt than they did originally leading the Mongols to successfully take Jerusalem and Cairo burning the cities to the ground and razing them to the ground eventually in the spring of 1260, the Mamluk Sultanate surrenders to the Mongol Horde after Qutuz was captured and executed by Kitbuqa leading to most of the Mamluk civilians and troops surrendering to him.
The Following months after that was mostly the Mongols burning and looting cities such as Cairo of its loot and executing civilians who were resistant to Mongol rule in the new Khanate by 1262 the Egyptian and Levantine rebels were all put to the sword by the Mongols Establishing their rule.
Invasion of Libya (1267-1276)[]
Around 1267 the Mongols under Kitbuqa invaded Libya conquering the native Tuareg Nomads although many of them resisted the Mongols many of them willingly surrendered to the Mongols either due to the Mongols offering peace or out of fear but a few years later in 1276 the region of Libya was almost fully under Mongol control.
With the help of newly recruited Mamluk troops the Mongol army conquered Banu Sulaym leading to large swaths of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea becoming under Mongol control leading to the Sultan being executed by the Mongols and cities being razed.
Mongol invasion of East and Central Africa (1270-1280)[]
Mongol-Makurian War (1270-1273)[]
Shortly after the capture of Egypt , The Mongols under Kitbuqa invades Makuria leading to the King of Makuria (Simamun) to respond by sending 1,000 Nubian Archers , 1,000 Swordsmen and 2,000 Calvarly units while the Ilkhanate sends 1,000 Recruited Mamluks , 1,000 Mongol Archer Calvarly Units and Engineers from Egypt the war lasts for many years mostly due to the difficult guerrilla tactics used by both the Makurian armies and civilians who resisted Mongol occupation.
The Mongols set siege to the Sudanese countryside slaughtering and enslaving many of the people resistant to the Mongol Army nonetheless due to the lack of grasslands and rebellious civilian population the war becomes harder and harder within 2 years of war with Makuria somewhere between the Makurian-Mongol war Kitbuqa dies of old age leading to a new milltary leader being put in his place.
The combination of Nubian Archers and Nubian Calvarly units prove to be a harder egg to crack than the Mongols had originally believed and within 3 years the Mongols are forced to leave Sudan mostly due to the lack of supplies and hard landscape of the Nubian deserts leaving thousands of Mongol Horse Archers to starve in the desert after constant harassment from the Nubian hit and run tactics as well as the resistant Makurian population however the Makurian army suffers heavy losses and many Makurian villages are left destroyed and burned after the Mongol Invasion with 600,000 Makurians being slaughtered by the Mongol Army after the war Simamun agrees to pay tribute to the Empire to prevent another invasion of his country paying an tribute of gold and other riches to the Mongol Empire .
Mongol-Kanemnian War (1274-1280)[]
Shorly after the Mongols fail to conquer Makuria , the Mongols set their sight on Central Africa a much more Mongol friendly area with Grasslands such as the Sahel and not too unlike the Eurasian Steppes however unlike the Eurasian Steppes, the Plains and Grasslands of Central Africa are very hot and not cold like the Eurasian Steppes.
The Mongols under Abaqa Khan invade the Kanem Empire invading from Southern Libya using a force of 1,000 Libyan troops and 2,000 Mongol Horse Archers while the Kanem Empire sends thousands of heavily armored Calvary units and African Spearmen within the first few years of the war, The Mongol Horse Archery proves to be very difficult for the Kanem Empire to deal with in large part due to never having delt with Horse Archery in their history.
The Kanem capital Njimi is razed and looted by the Mongols primarily to resupply themselves, The Mongol use of Cannons also is a complete shock to the Kanemnians however the use of Guerrilla warfare tactics makes the invasion difficult but not impossible to complete, the King of Kanem flees further into the Sahel to escape being captured after crushing defeats during the battle of Sahal (1278) and Battles in the Lake of Chad (1279) in large part due to the Mongols superior Horse Archery tactics and North African generals who are used to fighting in similar conditions to Central Africa.
The Mongolian capture of Kanem lands is by no means an easy task in large part due to the strong army but also due to the terrain in some parts of the empire and difficult civilian populations to subdue further south into the empire however by the 1280s the Kanem Empire falls to the Mongol Empire ending in the Kanem King being executed by Abaqa Khan leading to the Mongols establishing rule over African territories from the Lake of Chad to the Nile River.
Rebellions in Central Africa (1281-1283)[]
Shortly after the war concludes and the Kanem Empire is destroyed by the Mongol Horde, the Sunni Islamic rebels rise up against the Mongol rulers destroying property built by the Mongol rulers and openly revolting, the Mongols later send 1,000 men to end the rebellion in their territory leading to villages of people being enslaved and killed by the Mongol Army however the Kanemnian rebels are still able to do a decent amount of damages to the Mongol resistance army.
This event leads to as much as 10% of the Kanemanian population being killed by warfare nonetheless the rebellion is put down leading to no future uprisings in the territory happening after that .
Mongol invasion of The Hausa States and The Mali Empire (1300-1314)[]
The Mongols after their successes in Central Africa invade the Hausa States seeking to expand their empire in Africa to the Niger River, The Hausa unlike the other African Kingdoms invaded by the Mongols have the advantage of having fairly close allies with a powerful empire in their region, The Mali Empire as well as having heavy rainforests with Malaria being a ripe area to use hit and run warfare against the Mongol Army within the first few years the Mongol army faces extreme hardship invading any further than Northern Nigeria in large part due to the difficult rainforests further South from the Sahara .
Despite this the Mongol Army uses various Central African generals and troops to fix these issues helping the Mongol army to get further into the rainforests however poor communication between the Mongols and their Central African allies becomes an apparent issue.
Mali-Hausa Alliance (1312)[]
The king of the Hausa sends an envoy to make an alliance with the Mali King Mansa Musa whose empire was experiencing a Golden Age of wealth prosperity, successful conquests and military improvements, Mansa Musa accepts the offer and joins the Hausa to stop the Mongols from expanding any further into the Islamic World singing a formal alliance in 1312
Mongol Siege of Northern Nigeria (1313)[]
The Illkhanate with their Central African allies invade and siege Northern Nigeria leaving many rainforests and villages in ruin and slaughtering millions of Northern Nigerians through warfare and slaughter causing panic amongst the locals despite this the Hausa King encourages his civilians to fight to the death against the invading Illkhanate after a few months of destruction the Mongols eventually have a harder time going any further than Northern Nigeria in large part due to the lack of plunder and difficult terrain for the Mongols as well as Malaria contracted in the thick rainforests .
Mali-Hausa Retaliation[]
As the Mongol forces begin to retreat from Northern Nigeria a combination of Malian and Husa troops ambushes the tired and sick Mongol Army preventing them from having any reprieve, the combined forces of 1,000 Malian Troops and 1,000 Hausa troops attacks the weakened Mongol army later that year, the Illkhanate sends more troops from North Africa to resupply the tired and sick Mongol Army but are given a nasty surprise by guerilla tactics used by the Hausa leaving the Mongol army to starve in the thick rainforests and also leaving thousands of men to die of Malaria halting Mongol expansion South of the Sahara
Post War[]
The Illkhanante agrees to peace with the Hausa states leading to the Illkhanate having peaceful trade relations with the Malians and Hauasa after fully leaving Northern Nigeria in the summer of 1314.[]
Mongol invasions into the Barbary Coast (1270-1281)[]
The Illkhanate also sends armies into the Barbary Coast in hopes of adding it into its vast Empire, The Mongols declare war on the Hafasids with a force of 2,000 Libyan troops and 1,000 Mongol Horse Archers leading to their king Muhammad I Al-Mustansir responding to this by sending thousands of Hafasid troops to defend the Mongol invasion , the first stages of the war are difficult with the Mongols laying siege to multiple cities in his kingdom however the civilians prove to be no easy task to subdue and the Hafasids give the Mongols a very hard time due to their use of gurellia warfare in the Tunisian mountains and hard terrain invading the Barbary Coast.
Hafasid-Zayyanid Alliance (1273)[]
Muhammad I Al-Mustansir seeks an alliance with the nearby Zayyanid Dynasty he sends an envoy to hopefully agree to an alliance in order to stop the Mongols from invading any further into the Heart lands of the Islamic world thus leading to Yaghmurasen Ibn Zyan and Muhammad I Al-Mustansir making an alliance deal between The Hafasids and Zayyanids , Muhammad I Al-Mustansir dies during the end of the war in 1277.
Mongol Defeat by the Hafasid-Zayyanid Alliance (1281)[]
The combined forces of the Hafasid and Zayyanid are able to defeat the Mongol Horde with heavy casualties leading to the death of multiple Mongol commanders and stopping the Mongols from going any further into Northern Africa, the war ends with a treaty signed between The Illkhanate, Hafasids and Zayyanids agreeing upon a border between all 3 countries and peace relations between all 3 countries.
Introduction of gunpowder (1330-1333)[]
Due to the Mongol conquests into North Africa, East Africa and Central Africa this resulted in the Mongols having trade with many nations in Africa leading to many parts of Africa being opened up to the Silk-Road leading to gunpowder weapons being spread into the continent eariler and adopted by the multiple African Empires such as the Mali Empire which has gunpowder by the year 1331 while other kingdoms such as Makuria were able to get gunpowder early during 1330.
Collapse of the Illkhanate in Africa (1335)[]
Due to internal conflict and instability the Illkhanate in Africa falls leading to various different kingdoms in North Africa and Central Africa to form from the Illkhanate falling, the different states in Africa all split based off religion with the Sunni Muslims in Africa forming their own kingdoms and the Shia Muslims forming their own empire much of Africa is more Shia in this timeline due to many Shia missionaries converting parts of North Africa and Central Africa to Shia Islam.
Aftermath and Destruction[]
The Mongols left much destruction in many parts of Africa, cities such as Cairo or Njimi were all razed to the ground, depopulated and enslaved with the Mongols killing millions of Africans in North Africa and Central Africa around 80% of men from the year 1270 to 1300 all died in war or during Mongol raids or destruction of cities.
Countries such as Egypt saw as much as 60% of its population killed by the Mongol conquests and other parts of Africa that were conquered by the Mongols saw Similar declines, Plague that were indirectly spread by the Mongols also lead to infant mortality levels remaining at an all-time high and Egypt alone took until the 1800s to recover from the Mongol conquest however over centuries Egypt and many other countries in Africa that were invaded or conquered by the Mongols eventually recovered and reformed their empires , revitalizing the Islamic Golden Age by the late 1400s and early 1500s .
The empires of Africa such as the Mali Empire that avoided the Mongol conquests flourished and became the major center for West African Civilization for many centuries entering its own Golden Age while other parts of Africa such as Central Africa took until the 1700s to fully recover in terms of population.
Thousands of Mongols settled in the Sahel forming their own culture in Central Africa leaving many Mongolian and Central Asian Ethnic groups to emerge in the Sahel and leading to Intermarriages between Mongolian/Central Asian Nomads and Africans to happen leading to Mongolian as well as Central Asian genes to exist in Modern populations from Chad and other parts of Central and Western Africa such as in parts of Nigeria and Cameroon largely from Mongolian and Central Asian nomads migrating to the Sahel and some other parts Africa that were conquered by the Mongols.