| Imperial State of Mongolia Монголын эзэнт гүрэн Timeline: Sons of Leszczynski | ||||||
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| Anthem: TBD |
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| Capital | Ulaanbaatar | |||||
| Official languages | Mongolian | |||||
| Government | Constitutional Monarchy | |||||
| - | Khagan | Steven Jorchen Borjigin | ||||
| - | Prime Minister | TBD | ||||
| Independence from China | ||||||
| - | Independence | 1919 | ||||
| Currency | Tögrög (MNT) | |||||
Mongolia, officially the Imperial State of Mongolia, is a landlocked country in East Asia. It borders Russia on the north, Manchukuo on the east, China on the south, and TBD on the southwest. It has a surface area of TBD square kilometers, making it the TBD-largest country in Asia in the TBD-largest in the world. Its population of TBD million people make it Asia's TBD-most populous country, ranking TBD globally
In the mid-13th century, Mongolia held the capital of the largest contiguous empire ever seen. The Mongol Empire ended up splitting into five minor states, all of which were eventually defeated. By the early 18th century, all of Mongolia had fallen to the Qing Dynasty and remained as their territory for centuries. Independence was regained in 1919
History[]
Middle Ages to early 20th century[]
In the chaos of the late 12th century, a chieftain named Temüjin finally succeeded in uniting the Mongol tribes between Manchuria and the Altai Mountains. In 1206, he took the title Genghis Khan, and waged a series of military campaigns – renowned for their brutality and ferocity – sweeping through much of Asia, and forming the Mongol Empire, the largest contiguous land empire in world history. Under his successors it stretched from present-day Poland in the west to Korea in the east, and from parts of Siberia in the north to the Gulf of Oman and Vietnam in the south, covering some 33,000,000 square kilometres (13,000,000 sq mi), (22% of Earth's total land area) and had a population of over 100 million people (about a quarter of Earth's total population at the time). The emergence of Pax Mongolica also significantly eased trade and commerce across Asia during its height.
After Genghis Khan's death, the empire was subdivided into four kingdoms or Khanates. These eventually became quasi-independent after the Toluid Civil War (1260–1264), which broke out in a battle for power following Möngke Khan's death in 1259. One of the khanates, the "Great Khaanate", consisting of the Mongol homeland and most of modern-day China, became known as the Yuan dynasty under Kublai Khan, the grandson of Genghis Khan. He set up his capital in present-day Beijing. After more than a century of power, the Yuan dynasty was overthrown by the Ming dynasty in 1368, and the Yuan court fled to the north, thus becoming the Northern Yuan dynasty. As the Ming armies pursued the Mongols into their homeland, they successfully sacked and destroyed the Mongol capital Karakorum and other cities. Some of these attacks were repelled by the Mongols under Ayushridar and his general Köke Temür.
After the expulsion of the Yuan rulers from China proper, the Mongols continued to rule their homeland, known in historiography as the Northern Yuan dynasty. The next centuries were marked by violent power struggles among various factions, notably the Genghisids and the non-Genghisid Oirats, as well as by several Ming invasions (such as the five expeditions led by the Yongle Emperor).
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