Capital | Urga | |
Official languages | Russian, Mongolian | |
Demonym | Buryat, Chuvash | |
Government | Constitutional monarchy | |
- | Khan | Jebtsundamba Khutughtu |
Population | ||
- | census | 7,353,470 |
GDP (nominal) | estimate | |
- | Total | ₽40.4 billion ($45.4 billion OTL USD) |
Currency | Togrog |
OT equivalent: Republic of Mongolia, parts of Inner Mongolia
The State of Mongolia (Russian: Государство Монголия, Gosudarstvo Mongoliya; Mongolian Cyrillic: Монгол Улс; Traditional Mongolian: , Mongol Uls) or Mongolia is one of the Governorate-level territorial administrations of comprise of the Great Russian Commonwealth. It neighbors China's Inner Mongolia region, although they are separated by only 37 kilometres (23 miles). Mongolia consists of two main regions: Buryatia and Outer Mongolia.
The territory of modern-day Mongolia has been ruled by various nomadic empires, including the Xiongnu, the Xianbei, the Rouran, the First Turkic Khaganate, and others. In 1206, Genghis Khan founded the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous land empire in history. His grandson Kublai Khan conquered China to establish the Yuan dynasty. After the collapse of the Yuan, the Mongols retreated to Mongolia and resumed their earlier pattern of factional conflict, except during the era of Dayan Khan and Tumen Zasagt Khan. In the 16th century, Tibetan Buddhism spread to Mongolia, being further led by the Manchu-founded Qing dynasty, which absorbed the country in the 17th century. By the early 20th century, almost one-third of the adult male population were Buddhist monks. After the collapse of the Qing dynasty in 1911, Mongolia declared independence, and achieved actual independence from the Republic of China in 1921. After the Bolsheviks gradually lost control of Russia (leading to their ultimate downfall), Mongolia became a haven for Bolshevik emigres, before Russian and Chinese forces hunted them down, and Mongolia again, came under Chinese rule.
During the Russo-Chinese conflicts of the Cold War, Mongolia was annexed by the Russians, after pan-Mongols called for the Mongolic peoples to unite under the Tsar, proclaiming the Tsar as their Great Khagan, against Chinese threat, and officially joined the Russian Empire as one of the Governorate-level territorial administrations. However, the early days of Russian occupation was not easy, as there was political strife between the traditionalists of Outer Mongolia and the urbanized and Christianized population of Buryatia. However after the leadership of Buryat Governor Ivan Dagbaev, nomadic lifestyle was banned, and forced urbanization commenced. Additionally, Dagbaev made Ulan-Ude the capital city of Mongolia, up until the leadership of Governor Gombosüren Chuluun moved the capital city back to Urga, however continued Governor Dagbaev's forced urbanization, transforming Urga from a desolate settlement into a thriving urban center.
Approximately 5% of the population is nomadic or semi-nomadic; horse culture remains integral. Buddhism is the majority religion, with the nonreligious being the second-largest group. Mongolian Orthodox and Islam are both nearly in parity for the second-largest religion, with Islam being concentrated among ethnic Kazakhs, and Mongolian Orthodox, mostly among the Buryats and a few clans of Outer Mongolians who became Christian Orthodox. The Mongolian Orthodox now operates as an autonomous church under the control of the Moscow Patriarchate.
History[]
During the Russian Civil War, Baron Nikolai "Roman" von Ungern-Sternberg and Ataman Grigory Semyonov both led White forces in an attempt to re-establish the Bogd Khanate of Mongolia. Roman proclaimed to have descent from the Khans of old, and declared himself as the Bogd Khan of Mongolia. However, thanks to idiotic decisions by Roman, as well as the Asiatic Cavalry Division and General Boris Pavlovich Rezhukin turning on him, Roman fled to Kharbin, in China where he was imprisoned by the Kuomintang.
Due to the disgust and hatred that the fellow and victorious White Russians felt against Roman, the White Russian state, which had defeated the Bolsheviks in the civil war, did not bother to restore the Bogd Khanate, with Baron Pyotr Wrangel stating he would only do so, if a legitimate Bogd Khan was crowned according to Tibetan Buddhist rites.
Red-sympathizing forces led by Damdin Sukhbaatar were defeated by the forces of Roman von Ungern-Sternberg and Grigory Semyonov. However thanks to the fact that neither men were liked in Russia, the Russians allowed Chinese forces to wrestle Mongolia away, but again,
Russian rule - 1944-1989[]
Main article: Greater Mongolia
After the Second World War, Mongolia was part of the Republic of China. Mongol nationalists used the Russo-Chinese conflict as a staging ground, and thus, after Mongolia fell victim to Chinese attacks, a delegation was sent to Moscow to integrate Mongolia as an autonomous territory of Russia, which would essentialyl fulfill pan-Mongol dreams.
The Russians tasked the Transbaikal Command to sending forces into Mongolia to help fortify it from the Chinese. The Russians were successful in taking northern and central or "Outer Mongolia", but failed in their Inner Mongolian operations.
Prince Demchugdongrub was installed as the Khan of Greater Mongolia, with the title Khan bearing equivalence to Grand Duke or Grand Prince in the Russian system. The local Khurultai was government by a military troika of lower-ranking princes, who had just been ennobled, consisting of Urzhin Garmaev, Grigory Semyonov and Roman von Ungern-Sternberg (who held the most influence and power).
After the assassination of both Roman von Ungern-Sternberg and Grigory Semyonov, Urzhin Garmaev was left as the sole Governor-General of Greater Mongolia in 1957. From this point, Greater Mongolia was transformed into a largely rural and nomadic territory into a fully-modernized. The Buryats of the north were much more urbanized, and dominated the urbanization of Greater Mongolia. This led to the increase of railways and railines.
The city of Urga was rapidly urbanized, with a large increase in birth rates as Mongols began to find greater employment oppurtunties in other parts of Russia. Urga also transformed into a center of Buddhism and shamanism in Russia.
In 1975, the Governorate of Kalmykia was added into the jurisdiction of Greater Mongolia, from that of the Grand Principality of South Russia.
Integration into a Principality with Buryatia and Tuvan[]
Mongol Revolution - 1980[]
In 1979, Davaadorjiin Ganbold (Ganbold Davayadozhov) became elected Governor-General with Jambyn Batmönkh (Batmunk Dzhambov) as his Prime Minister. From the time-period in between 1980 and 1985, Ganbold and Batmönkh waged the "Silent Revolution" (Mongolian Cyrillic: Чимээгүй хувьсгал, Chimeegüi khuvisgal), in which ethnic Mongols would study at elite Russian schools, and take over the elite positions in Outer Mongolia without any mention of a "revolution".
In 1983, Russian authorities had noticed that General Ganbold was taking independent courses, and attempting to portray Russians in a negative light. In 1986, a new crypto-currency, the togrog, was being circulated around Mongolia, and being used alongside the ruble, which when Russian authorities discovered, ordered police action. However, both General Ganbold and Head Minister Batmönkh disobeyed all of Moscow's orders, and continued to act on their own.
By 1987, General Ganbold had enough, took full control of the Autonomous Mongolian Battalions, and re-named it the Mongolian Army. Ganbold ordered the Mongolian Army to shoot at Russian authorities and police, based completely on ethnic lines, beginning the exodus of ethnic Russians from Outer Mongolia, thus beginning the "Loud Revolution". They were opposed to by the monarchist White Mongolians (Mongolian: Цагаан Монголчууд), who to remain Russian-aligned.
Buryatia however, was a lot harder to get by for the pan-Mongol forces, as it was a Tsarist stronghold. The White Mongolians retreated into Buryatia, where they joined pro-Russian Mongolic paramiltaries. The Principality of Buryatia remained Russian territory.
Minister Batmönkh ordered banks in Outer Mongolia to use the togrog, and by 1988, the Russian flag was taken down from the Khurultai Complex in Urga, and Urga de facto re-named Ulaanbaatar. Shootouts had occurred between local Mongolian police and military units, and that of other Russian military units.
1990s[]
During the 1990s, Mongolia escaped the political upheavel of the Tumultous 1990s.
Pan-Asian Awakening[]
In 2010, the Pan-Asian Awakening was starting take hold in the East Asian countries, Mongolia emerging as no exception. The victory of Korea's first Cheondoist prime minister influenced the victory of Mongolia's first Tengrist prime minister, Enkhjargalynn Baterdene. During this time, came a golden age of relations between the East Asian countries, and Prime Minister Batardene led Mongolia to another era of economic prosperity.
However, Prime Minister Batardene raised lots of controversy as well, when he made seemingly pro-Japanese statements, and sympathized with Japan on the 2012 Anniversary of World War II. He became regarded as a much more successful counterpart to Davaadorjin Ganbold.
Like Korea's Cheondoist prime minister, Taewoong Kyung and China's first Falun Gong president, Li Hongzhi, Mongolia experienced a golden age, its largest golden age in relations with its other East Asian neighbors.
The Russians feared that Mongolia would eventually, enter the Shanghai Pact - though this did not happen. Both Mongolia and Korea retained their political status quo, with both nations remaining part of the Russian orbit.
Economy[]
The togrog is Mongolia's official currency. Despite its sparse population, while the Mongolian economy is considered red one of the most-improved of the developing economies - but given to the fact that most of its land is not arable, Mongolia economic success is owed to its high dependence on the surrounding nations, with most successful middle to high income Mongolians earning their fortune and wealth overseas. Trans-Mongolia Railway Inc. connects the country to Russia and China, its two largest trade partners. Apart from the two, the next largest trade partners are Japan, Korea, Germany, Ukraine and Persia.
Unlike our timeline, the entire "nomadic history" of the Mongols is what it is, a historical and part of folkore. While still embraced, the majority of Mongolians have embraced modern life. Mongolians have a tendency to work blue-collar jobs. In 2015, it officially was no longer a developing economy. The Mongolian economy is reliant on: gold, tin, copper, timber, coal, tobacco and livestock. Mongolia is currently one of Asia's largest-producers of tobacco products, and during its days as as a Russian duchy, Mongolia provided Russia with much tobacco product output.
Sports[]
Horseback riding, wrestling and archery are the three most popular sports in Mongolia.
As for wrestling, Mongolia has its own indigenous-style type of wrestling. However, many Mongolians have become sumo wrestlers, and have competed in Japan under Japanese traditions, taking on Japanese titles and names. Mongolia has also emerged as a dominant in sumo wrestling, producing a total of four yokozunas.
Language[]
Currently, apart from Russian, which is the national language, Standard Mongolian, the national dialect of the Oirat language, is co-official in the state. However, the Buryat language is a Mongolic language that is the native of Buryatia. Additionally, Kazakh and Chuvash are also spoken by the Kazakh and Chuvash living in Mongolia.
Currently, Cyrillic Mongolian script is the official de jure script, and has mostly supplanted Classical Mongolian script, whose uses are mostly limited to art.