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| National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China National People's Congress of the Federal Republic of China 中華人民共和國全國人民代表大會 中華民國全國人民代表大會 Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Quánguó Rénmín Dàibiǎo Dàhuì | |
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[[Image: The national emblem of the People's Republic of China before and after dissolution (1954 - 1993) | |
| Type | |
| Type | Unicameral |
| Leadership | |
| History | |
| Established | 15 September 1954 |
| Disbanded | 20 January 1993 |
| Preceded by | National Assembly (de jure)
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| Succeeded by | Legislative Yuan |
| Structure | |
| Meeting place | |
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The National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China (Chinese: 中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Quánguó Rénmín Dàibiǎo Dàhuì), later the National People's Congress of the Federal Republic of China (Chinese: 中華民國全國人民代表大會; Zhōnghuá Mínguó Quánguó Rénmín Dàibiǎo Dàhuì), often referred to as the National People's Congress (NPC) (Chinese: 全国人民代表大会; pinyin: Quánguó Rénmín Dàibiǎo Dàhuì), was the highest organ of state power and the national legislature of the People's Republic of China in 1954 - 1991; in 1991–1993 it was a permanent legislature (parliament), elected by the People's Democratic Council of China.
The National People's Congress were in full session for roughly two weeks each year and votes on important pieces of legislation and personnel assignments among other things, and due to the temporary nature of the plenary sessions, most of NPC's power was delegated to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC), which consisted of about 170 legislators and meets in continuous bi-monthly sessions, when its parent NPC was not in session.
From 1949 until 1989, China was an authoritarian state. The NPC has alternatively been characterized as a rubber stamp for the Chinese regime or as only being able to affect issues of low sensitivity and salience to the Chinese regime until 1989 - 1991. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) controlled nomination and election processes at every level in the people's congress system prior to 1989 and 1990.
The National People's Congress was abolished in Janauary 1993 (after the events of 1993 siege of National People's Congress) and replaced by the National Assembly of China (consists of the Control Yuan and Legislative Yuan), whose powers of the Yuan are stronger than NPC's ones.
History[]
A number of similar bodies of deliberation seeking to represent the people of China had been established prior to the founding of the People's Republic of China and prior to the National People's Congress. Notably, this includes the National Assembly and Legislative Yuan of the Republic of China, and the People's Political Consultative Conference of the People's Republic of China.
Republic and prior[]
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Foundation(1927-1949)
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Early PRC-Era(1949-1976)
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Post Mao-Era(1976-1988)
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Democratization (1989-1991)[]
-First direct election
First direct, partially free and fair election is held on March-April 1988. TBA
September Coup (1991)[]
Similar to the Supreme Soviet of RSFSR who defied the Soviet coup just a month before, the newly elected congress defied the September coup by barricading around the NPC building to prevent the hardliner fraction of PLA from storming it. TBA
Post-PRC era (1991-1993)[]
-Power Struggle with Wei Jingsheng
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1993 Chinese Constitutional crisis and disbandment[]
Beginning from new year day of 1993. the NPC started planning a coup with backing of part of the army and some conservative population to overthrow Wei Jingsheng. The coup finally break out at January 6, 1993 when many protestors (funded by NPC coupists) took to streets to protest against the radical economic reforms of Wei, some even attempted to storm Wei's residence at Zhongnanhai. Situation esculated on January 15, 1993 when pro-coup military is deployed by NPC and attempted to seize key points like banks, Ministry of National Defense, Ministry of the Interior and most importantly: Zhongnanhai. However, most military is still loyal to Wei, so Wei as the military commander, order the loyal military to defeat the "reactionary coup that aimed to bring Chinese People back to the darkness of the Communist era" on January 18, 1993, and just one day later the coupists surrender unconditionally and the main commanders of the coup were taken into custody for "Offenses Against the Internal Security of the State”. On 20 January 1993 a presidential decree is signed to dissolve the NPC and restore the Legislative Yuan.
Structure[]
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