Asia[]
Eastern Asia[]
| Full name
Native name(s) |
Emblems | Capital | Leadership | Government | Formation | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flag | Arms/
Seal |
Head of state | Head of government | ||||
| Kingdom of Bhutan
འབྲུག་ཡུལ |
|
|
Thimphu | Druk Gyalpo
Jigme Singye Wangchuck |
Lyonchhen
Lotay Tshering |
Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy | 1616 |
| Republic of China 中華民國 |
|
|
Nanjing | Zǒngtǒng Hsu Hsin-ying |
Xíngzhèng Yuàn Yuànzhǎng Chen Yi-chi |
Unitary semi-presidential republic | 1912 |
| Empire of Japan 大日本帝国 |
|
|
Tokyo | Tennō Akihito |
Naikaku Sōri-Daijin Mizuho Fukushima |
Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy | 1868 |
| Republic of Korea 대한민국 |
|
|
Seoul | Daetongnyeong Park Sang-hak |
Gukmuchongri Hong Seok-hyun |
Unitary semi-presidential republic | 1919 |
| Kingdom of Manchuria
滿洲國 |
|
|
Changchun | Wáng
Aisin Gioro Husheng |
Zǒnglǐ
James Soong |
Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy | 1945 |
| Tibet བོད་ |
|
|
Lasha | Dalai Lama
Tenzin Gyatso |
Sikyong
Penpa Tsering |
Unitary Buddhist theocratic constitutional monarchy | 1945 |
Western Asia[]
| Full name
Native name(s) |
Emblems | Capital | Leadership | Government | Formation | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flag | Arms/
Seal |
Head of state | Head of government | ||||
| Kingdom of
Afghanistan پارس شرقی |
|
|
Kabul | King
Rahmatullah Ali Shah |
Prime Minister
Bismillah Khan Mohammadi |
Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy | 1926 |
| Imperial State of Iran پارس غربی |
|
|
Isfahan | Shahanshah Reza Shah Pahlavi II |
Prime Minister Frood Fouladvand |
Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy | 1925 |
| Pakistan | |||||||
South and Southeast Asia[]
| Full name
Native name(s) |
Emblems | Capital | Leadership | Government | Formation | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flag | Arms/
Seal |
Head of state | Head of government | ||||
| Kingdom of Cambodia
ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា។ |
|
|
Phom Phenn | King
Norodom Chakrapong |
Prime Minister
Hun Sen |
Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy | 1945 |
| Kingdom of Burma
ဗမာပြည် |
|
|
Mandalay | King
Soe Win |
Prime Minister
Min Aung Hlaing |
Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy | 1721
1948 (Independence) |
| Republic of India Bhārat Gaṇarājya |
|
|
New Delhi | President Shatrughan Sinha |
Prime Minister Sonia Gandhi |
Unitary parliamentary constitutional republic | 1950 |
| Kingdom of Laos ອານາຈັກລາວ |
|
|
Vientiane | King Soulivong Savang |
Prime Minister Thongloun Sisoulith |
Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy | 1945 |
| Kingdom of Nepal
नेपालको अधिराज्य |
|
|
Kathmandu | King
Gyanendra Shah |
Prime Minister
K. P. Sharma Oli |
Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy | 1768 |
| Kingdom of Thailand อาณาจักรไทย |
|
|
Bangkok | King Rama X |
Prime Minister Thanathorn Juangroongruangkit |
Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy | 1238 |
| Vietnam | |||||||
Africa[]
Europe[]
Northern Europe[]
| Full name
Native name(s) |
Emblems | Capital | Leadership | Government | Formation | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flag | Arms/
Seal |
Head of state | Head of government | ||||
| Free City of Danzig Freie Stadt Danzig (German) Wolne Miasto Gdańsk (Polish) |
|
|
Danzig | President Rudolf Henns |
Unitary presidential republic | 1920 | |
| Danish People's Republic Dansk Folkerepublik |
|
|
Copenhagen | General Secretary President Henrik Stamer Hedin |
Prime Minister Mai Villadsen |
Unitary Marxist-Leninist one-party socialist republic | 1945 |
| Grand Duchy of East Prussia Großherzogtum Ostpreußen |
|
|
Königsberg | Kaiser Frederich IV |
Chancellor Harold Steiner |
Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy | 1945 |
| Republic of Estonia Eesti Vabariik |
|
|
Tallinn | President Allar Jõks |
Prime Minister Jevgeni Ossinovski |
Unitary semi-presidential republic | 1918 |
| Kingdom of Finland Suomen kuningaskunta (Finnish) Konungariket Finland (Swedish) |
|
|
Helsinki | King Donatus I |
Prime Minister Petteri Orpo |
Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy | 1918 |
| Kingdom of Iceland Konungsríkið Ísland (Icelandic) Kongeriget Island (Danish) |
|
|
Reykjavík | Queen Margrethe |
Prime Minister Hanna Birna Kristjánsdóttir |
Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy | 1918 |
| Republic of Latvia Latvijas Republika |
|
|
Riga | President Valdis Dombrovskis |
Prime Minister Aldis Gobzems |
Unitary parliamentary republic | 1918 |
| Republic of Lithuania Lietuvos Respublika |
|
|
Vilnius | President Zigmantas Balčytis |
Prime Minister Aušrinė Armonaitė |
Unitary semi-presidential republic | 1918 |
| Norwegian People's Republic Norsk Folkerepublikk |
|
|
Oslo | General Secretary President Bjørnar Moxnes |
Prime Minister Knut Henning Thygesen |
Unitary Marxist-Leninist one-party socialist republic | 1945 |
| Kingdom of Sweden Konungariket Sverige |
|
|
Stockholm | Queen Victoria |
Prime Minister Stefan Löfven |
Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy | 1523 |
| Kingdom of Svalbard
Kongeriket Svalbard |
|
|
Longyearbyen | King
Harald V |
Prime Minister
Terje Svendsen |
Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy | 1945 |
Western Europe[]
| Full name
Native name(s) |
Emblems | Capital | Leadership | Government | Formation | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flag | Arms/
Seal |
Head of state | Head of government | ||||
| Kingdom of Belgium Koninkrijk België (Dutch)Royaume de Belgique (French)Königreich Belgien (German) |
|
|
Brussels | King Baudouin II |
Prime Minister Sophie Wilmès |
Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy | 1830 |
| French Republic République française |
|
|
Paris | President Bernard Cazeneuve |
Prime Minister Jean-Yves Le Drian |
Unitary parliamentary republic | 1946 |
| Irish Free State Saorstát Éireann |
|
|
Dublin | King Henry XI |
Prime Minister Mary Lou McDonald |
Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy | 1922 |
| Republic of Letzebuerg Republik Lëtzebuerg |
|
|
Letzebuerg City | President Lydie Polfer |
Prime Minister Claude Wiseler |
Unitary parliamentary republic | 1920 |
| Netherlands Nederland |
|
|
Amsterdam | Queen Beatrix |
Prime Minister Geert Wilders |
Parliamentary representative democracy within a constitutional monarchy | 1815 |
| Saarland Sarre (French) |
|
|
Saarbrücken | Minister-President Uwe Conradt |
Unitary parliamentary republic | 1946 | |
| United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 
|
|
London | King
Andrew I |
Prime Minister Rory Stewart |
Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy | 1927 |
| Republic of Wallonia Republike die Walonreye |
|
|
Namur |
President Laurette Onkelinx |
Prime Minister Dorotêye Bissonnette |
Unitary parliamentary republic | 1950 |
Central Europe[]
| Full name
Native name(s) |
Emblems | Capital | Leadership | Government | Formation | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flag | Arms/
Seal |
Head of state | Head of government | ||||
| Republic of Austria Königreich Österreich |
|
|
Vienna | President Angela Stoytchev |
Chancellor Werner Kogler |
Federal parliamentary republic | 1945 |
| Czechoslovak Republic Československá republika (Czech) Česko-slovenská republika (Slovak) |
|
|
Prague | President Michal Klusáček |
Prime Minister Pavol Frešo |
Federal parliamentary republic | 1918 |
| German Democratic Republic Deutsche Demokratische Republik |
|
|
East Berlin | General Secretary President Patrik Köbele |
Chairman Gabi Zimmer |
Unitary Marxist–Leninist one-party socialist republic | 1949 |
| Federal Republic of Germany Bundesrepublik Deutschland |
|
|
West Berlin | Präsident Max Otte |
Kanzler Annalena Baerbock |
Federal parliamentary republic | 1949 |
| Republic of Hanover Republik Hannover |
|
|
Hanover | President Stefan Schostok |
Minister-President David McAllister |
Federal parliamentary republic | 1945 |
| Hungarian People's Republic Magyar Népköztársaság |
|
|
Budapest | General Secretary President Bertalan Tóth |
Prime Minister Gyula Thürmer |
Unitary Marxist-Leninist one-party socialist republic | 1949 |
| Principality of Liechtenstein Fürstentum Liechtenstein |
|
|
Vaduz | Prince Hans-Adam II |
Prime Minister Harry Quaderer |
Unitary parliamentary semi-constitutional monarchy under a semi-direct democracy | 1719 |
| Swiss Confederation Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft (German) Confédération suisse (French) Confederazione Svizzera (Italian) Confederaziun svizra (Romansh) Confoederatio Helvetica (Latin) |
|
|
Bern (de-facto) | President Martin Bäumle |
Federal Chancellor Balthasar Glättli |
Federal assembly-independent directorial republic under a semi-direct democracy | 1848 |
Eastern Europe[]
| Full name
Native name(s) |
Emblems | Capital | Leadership | Government | Formation | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flag | Arms/
Seal |
Head of state | Head of government | ||||
| Polish People's Republic Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa |
|
|
Warsaw | First Secretary President Włodzimierz Czarzasty |
Prime Minister Robert Biedroń |
Unitary Marxist-Leninist one-party socialist republic | 1948 |
| Romanian People's Republic Republica Populară Romînă |
|
|
Bucharest | General Secretary President Marcel Ciolacu |
Prime Minister Paul Stănescu |
Unitary Marxist-Leninist one-party socialist republic | 1947 |
| Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Союз Советских Социалистических Республик |
|
|
Moscow | First Secretary Gennady Zyuganov |
Premier Vladimir Bryntsalov |
Federal Marxist–Leninist one-party directorial parliamentary socialist republic | 1922 |
Southeastern Europe[]
| Full name
Native name(s) |
Emblems | Capital | Leadership | Government | Formation | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flag | Arms/
Seal |
Head of state | Head of government | ||||
| People's Republic of Bulgaria Народна Република България |
|
|
Sofia | General Secretary President: Korneliya Ninova |
Prime Minister: Mihail Mikov |
Unitary Marxist-Leninist one-party socialist republic | 1946 |
| Republic of Cyprus Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία (Greek) Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti (Turkish) |
|
|
Nicosia | President Stavros Malas |
Unitary presidential republic | 1960 | |
| Socialist Republic of Greece Σοσιαλιστική Δημοκρατία της Ελλάδας |
|
|
Athens | General Secretary President Dimitris Koutsoumpas |
Prime Minister Panagiotis Lafazanis |
Unitary Marxist-Leninist one-party socialist republic | 1950 |
| Kingdom of Greece Βασίλειον τῆς Ἑλλάδος |
|
|
Heraklion | King Constantine II |
Prime Minister Konstantinos Tasoulas |
Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy | 1832 |
| Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia Федеративна Народна Република Југославија |
|
|
Belgrade | General Secretary President Radoslav Milojičić |
Prime Minister Aleksandar Bogdanović |
Federal Marxist–Leninist one-party parliamentary socialist republic | 1945 |
Southern Europe[]
| Full name
Native name(s) |
Emblems | Capital | Leadership | Government | Formation | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flag | Arms/
Seal |
Head of state | Head of government | ||||
| Principality of Andorra Principat d'Andorra |
|
|
Andorra la Vella | Co-Princes Joan Enric Vives i Sicília Joseph Daul |
Prime Minister Pere López Agràs |
Unitary parliamentary constitutional elective diarchy | 1278 |
| Republic of the Basque Country Euskal Herriko Errepublika |
|
|
Vitoria-Gasteiz | President Josu Erkoreka |
Prime Minister Patxi López |
Unitary parliamentary republic | 1945 |
| Republic of Catalonia República de Catalunya |
|
|
Barcelona | President Laura Borràs |
Unitary presidential republic | 1945 | |
| Socialist Republic of Italy Repubblica Socialista d'Italia |
|
|
Milan | General Secretary President Cesare Procaccini |
Prime Minister Maurizio Acerbo |
Unitary Marxist-Leninist one-party socialist republic | 1949 |
| Italian Republic Repubblica Italiana |
|
|
L'Aquila | President Ignazio La Russa |
Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni |
Unitary parliamentary republic | 1946 |
| State of Malta Stat ta’ Malta |
|
|
Valletta | King Andrew I |
Prime Minister Bernard Grech |
Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy | 1964 |
| Principality of Monaco Principauté de Monaco (French) Prinçipatu de Múnegu (Ligurian) |
|
|
Monaco City | Prince Albert II |
Minister of State: Béatrice Fresko-Rolfo |
Unitary parliamentary semi-constitutional monarchy | 1297 |
| Kingdom of Portugal Reino de Portugal |
|
|
Lisbon | King Edward III |
Prime Minister José Manuel Barroso |
Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy | 1974 |
| Rome Roma |
|
|
Rome | Pope Pope John Paul III |
Secretary of State Pietro Parolin |
Unitary Catholic theocratic elective absolute monarchy | 1945 |
| Most Serene Republic of San Marino Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino |
|
|
San Marino | Captains Regent Francesco Mussoni Giacomo Simoncini |
Unitary assembly-independent diarchic directorial republic | 301 | |
| Spanish Republic República Española |
|
|
Madrid | Presidente Pablo Iglesias Turrión |
Prime Minister Ione Belarra |
Unitary semi-presidential republic | 1946 |
North America[]
| Full name
Native name(s) |
Emblems | Capital | Leadership | Government | Formation | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flag | Arms/
Seal |
Head of state | Head of government | ||||
| United States of America | 
|
|
Washington, D.C. | President Rick Scott |
Vice President Luis Fortuño |
Federal presidential constitutional republic | 1776 |
| Canada | 
|
|
Ottawa | King Andrew I Governor-General Mary Simon |
Prime Minister Jacques Olivier |
Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy | 1867 |
South America[]
| Full name
Native name(s) |
Emblems | Capital | Leadership | Government | Formation | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flag | Arms/
Seal |
Head of state | Head of government | ||||
| Argentine
People's Republic República Popular Argentina |
|
|
Buenos Ares | General-Secretary
Nicolás del Caño |
Premier
Mariano Ferreyra |
Unitary Marxist-Leninist one-party socialist republic | 1982 |
Oceania[]
