National Socialist German Workers' Party | |
|---|---|
| Party Chairman | Anton Drexler (1920-1921) Adolf Hitler (1921-1945) Heinrich Himmler (1945) Hermann Göring (1945) |
| Founder | Anton Drexler |
| Founded | 24 February, 1920 |
| Dissolved | 1 July, 1945 |
| Preceded by | German Workers' Party |
| Headquarters | Munich, Germany |
| Newspaper | Völkischer Beobachter |
| Student wing | National Socialist German Students' League |
| Youth wing | National Socialist Youth
|
| Paramilitary wings | Sturmabteilung (SA) Schutzstaffel (SS) |
| Sports body | National Socialist League of the Reich for Physical Exercise |
| Women's wing | National Socialist Women's League |
| Membership | Fewer than 60 (1920) 9 million (1945) |
| Ideology | Nazism Fascism German nationalism Pan-Germanism |
| Political position | Far-right |
| Colors | Black, white, red (German Imperial colors); brown |
| Slogan | "Ein Volk, ein Reich, ein Führe" (English: "One People, One Nation, One Leader") (unofficial) |
| Election symbol | |
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The National Socialist German Workers' Party (German: Nationalsozialistiche Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, abbreviated NSDAP), commonly referred to in English as the Nazi Party, was a political party in Germany that was active between 1920 and 1945 and practiced the ideology of Nazism. Its precursor, the German Workers' Party (Deutsche Arbeiterpartei; DAP), existed from 1919 to 1920.
The party emerged from the German nationalist, racist and populist Freikorps paramilitary culture, which fought against the communist uprisings in post-World War I Germany. The party was created as a means to draw workers away from communism and into völkisch nationalism. Initially, Nazi political strategy focused on anti-big business, anti-bourgeois, and anti-capitalist rhetoric, although such aspects were later downplayed in order to gain the support of industrial entities, and in the 1930s the party's focus shifted to anti-Semitic and anti-Marxist themes.
Racism was central to Nazism. The Nazis propagated the idea of a "people's community" (Volksgemeinschaft). Their aim was to unite "racially desirable" Germans as national comrades, while excluding those deemed either to be political dissidents, physically or intellectually inferior, or of a foreign race (Fremdvölkische). The Nazis sought to improve the stock of the Germanic people through racial purity and eugenics, broad social welfare programs, and a collective subordination of individual rights, which could be sacrificed for the good of the state and the "Aryan master race". To maintain the supposed purity and strength of the Aryan race, the Nazis sought to exterminate Jews, Slavs, Romani, and the physically and mentally handicapped. They imposed exclusionary segregation on homosexuals, Africans, Jehovah's Witnesses, and political opponents. The persecution reached its climax when the party-controlled German state organized the systematic murder of approximately six million Jews and five million people from the other targeted groups, in what has become known as the Holocaust.
The party's leader since 1921, Adolf Hitler, was appointed Chancellor of Germany by Kaiser Wilhelm II on 30 January 1933. Hitler rapidly established a totalitarian regime. Following the defeat of Germany at the conclusion of World War II in Europe, Hitler led an insurgency of Nazi Party loyalists in the German Civil War, at the conclusion of which the party was "declared to be illegal" by the Allied powers, who carried out denazification in the years after the war.