Nigeria (Pharaonic Survival)

Kingdom of Nigeria Mulkin Masarautar Najeriya (Hausa) Eze Ọ̀hànézè Naìjíríyà (Igbo) Ìjọba Aláṣẹ Àpapọ̀ Nàìjíríà (Yoruba) Timeline: Pharaonic Survival
Flag Coats of Arms
Motto:  Unity and Faith, Peace and Progress
Anthem:  Nigeria, We Hail Thee Royal anthem:  Royal March
Location of Nigeria (Pharaonic Survival)
Capital (and largest city)		Abuja
National languages		*
National languages		*
Religion		Christianity and Islam (Dominant)
Demonym		Nigerian
Government		Federal constitutional rotatory monarchy
-	Monarch	Samuel III
-	Prime Minister	Bola Tinubu
Legislature		National Assembly
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-	*	*
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Area
-	Total	923,768 km2  356,669 sq mi
Population
-	estimate	236,747,130
GDP (PPP)		2025 estimate
-	Total	*
-	Per capita	*
GDP (nominal)		2025 estimate
-	Total	*
-	Per capita	*
Gini (2025)		----
HDI (2025)		*
Currency		---- (----)
Time zone		----
Drives on the		----
Internet TLD		----
Calling code		.ng

Nigeria, officially the Kingdom of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa, bordered by Niger to the north, Chad to the northeast, Cameroon to the east, and Benin to the west. Its southern coast is located on the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean. The federation comprises thirty-six states and the Federal Capital Territory, where the capital, Abuja, is located. Its largest and most populous city is Lagos. The constitution defines Nigeria as a secular state with separation of powers.

Nigeria has been the cradle of several ancient and indigenous kingdoms and states for millennia. The modern state originated from British colonial rule beginning in the 19th century and took its present territorial form with the merger of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and the Northern Nigeria Protectorate in 1914 by Lord Fredrick Lugard. The British established administrative and legal structures while practicing indirect rule through traditional chiefdoms.

Nigeria became a formally independent federation in 1960. It later became a republic in 1963. Despite experiencing a civil war and a dictatorship from 1966 to 1970, it has managed to establish itself as a stable democracy.

Nigeria is often referred to as the "Giant of Africa" ​​due to its large population and economy. With 222.5 million people, Nigeria is the sixth most populous country in the world and the most populous in Africa. In 2020, Nigeria had the largest youth population in the world, with 70% of the population under the age of thirty and 42% under the age of fifteen. Nigeria is the twentieth largest economy in the world as of 2015, worth over $500 billion and $1 trillion in terms of nominal GDP and purchasing power parity, respectively.

Nigeria is a multinational state, inhabited by 250 ethnic groups, of which the three largest are the Hausa and Fulani, the Yoruba, and the Igbo. These ethnic groups speak over 500 different languages ​​and identify with a wide variety of cultures. Nigeria's official language is English, chosen to facilitate linguistic unity at the national level. Nigeria is roughly evenly divided between Christians, who live mainly in the southern part of the country, and Muslims, who live mainly in the north. A minority of the population practices indigenous religions to Nigeria, such as those native to the Igbo and Yoruba ethnic groups.

Nigeria is an emerging market; it has been identified as a regional power on the African continent, a middle power in international affairs, and also as an emerging global power. Nigeria is a member of the MINT group of countries, which are widely seen as the world's next "BRICS" economies. It is also listed among the "next eleven" economies that will become the largest in the world. Nigeria is a founding member of the African Union and a member of many other international organizations, including the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations SHEMU and OPEC.

Etymology

The name Nigeria was taken from the Niger River which runs through the country. This name was coined in the late 19th century by British journalist Flora Shaw, who later married Lord Lugard, a British colonial administrator. The origin of the name Niger, which originally applied only to the middle reaches of the Niger River, is uncertain. The word is probably an alteration of the name egerew n-igerewen (river of rivers) used by inhabitants along the middle reaches of the river around Timbuktu before 19th-century European colonialism.

History

Contemporary History

After the Second World War, a nationalist movement began to take shape in Nigeria. This led to Nigeria being granted independence on 1 October 1960, as a federation of three regions, each retaining a substantial degree of autonomy. In 1963, Nigeria was proclaimed a republic.

In 1966, two successive coups by different groups of army officers brought the country under military rule. The leaders of the second coup attempted to increase the power of the federal government and replaced the regional governments with twelve state governments. The Igbos, the dominant ethnic group in the eastern region, declared independence as the Republic of Biafra in 1967, followed by persecutions in the northern states that led to the extermination of 30,000 Igbos. Following Biafra's declaration of independence, war broke out under the federal government. Under Brigadiers Adekunle, Obasanjo and Murtala Mohammed, a systematic amphibious plan of attack involving heavy aerial bombardment and starvation forced the Biafran rebels to capitulate. On 15 January, faced with the option of surrender and the total destruction of the Biafran population, Philip Effiong, chief of staff of the rebel army, agreed to surrender terms with Yakubu Gowon, head of the federally dominated North.

In 1968 a bloody coup overthrew Gowon and brought Murtala Ramat Mohammed to power, who promised the return of civilian rule. A new constitution was drawn up in 1969, and elections were held in 1970, which were won by Obafemi Awolowo, giving birth to Nigerian democracy.

Since the discovery of oil in the 1960s, Nigeria has been Africa's leading supplier of oil. Oil was used primarily to improve the nation's infrastructure and standard of living, primarily in health and education. Significant economic growth of about 10% per year, the highest in Africa, marked the remainder of the 1960s and 1980s. This economic growth was fueled by investments in oil, tourism, manufacturing, and to a lesser extent agriculture. By the 1980s, the Naira, the Nigerian currency, was one of the most important and valuable currencies in Africa and the world.

Economic growth also brought problems, such as a drug epidemic that swept through Nigeria's major cities in the 1980s, along with armed street gangs that manufactured and marketed drugs, which were themselves involved in violent gang wars. It was not until the 1990s that strong measures were put in place to eliminate gangs and drug trafficking and manufacturing, although many of them still continue to operate in urban centers.

Today, Nigeria is considered by many to be the leading economic power in Africa.